Biography.

Slade was born in Cornwall, Vermont, on May 9, 1786, the son of William Slade and Rebecca Plumb. He attended the public schools and graduated from Middlebury College in 1807 with fellow classmates Daniel Azro Ashley Buck and Stephen Royce. He studied law with Joel Doolittle and was admitted to the bar in 1810. He began the practice of law in Middlebury, Vermont. Slade married Abigail Foot on February 5, 1810, in Middlebury. They had nine children between 1810 and 1829; four died very young. One son, James M. Slade, served as Lieutenant Governor from 1856 to 1857. William Slade was a Democratic-Republican presidential elector in 1812 and 1820.  Slade engaged in editorial work; he established and was editor of the "Columbian Patriot" from 1814 to 1816 and maintained a book store and printing office. He was Vermont Secretary of State from 1815 to 1822, Judge of the Addison County Court from 1816 to 1822, and Clerk in the U.S. State Department in Washington, D.C., from 1823 to 1829.  In 1831, Slade was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as an Anti-Masonic candidate in a special election to fill the vacancy created by the death of Rollin C. Mallary. He was reelected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses and as a Whig candidate to the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses, serving from November 1, 1831, to March 3, 1843.  On December 20, 1837, Slade played a central role early in the House of Representatives's debate over slavery and the slave trade in the District of Columbia. A year earlier the House had adopted a rule prohibiting discussion of those subjects as too contentious. Slade asked that a committee be appointed to consider anti-slavery petitions and contended the gag rule did not apply since he was discussing the creation of a committee rather than slavery itself. He nevertheless discussed the history of slavery and its inhumanity at length as groups of congressmen from Southern states tried to shout him down and then left in protest. As a result the House adopted a more extensive gag rule the next day.  Slade was the reporter of decisions of the Vermont Supreme Court in 1843 and 1844. He was elected to a one-year term as Governor of Vermont in 1844, defeating Democratic nominee Daniel Kellogg. The next year no candidate won a majority of votes cast and the legislature elected him to a second term. During his tenure, public schools were successfully reorganized.  After leaving office, Slade was corresponding secretary of the Board of National Popular Education from 1846 to 1859, which he co-founded with Catharine Beecher. The Board worked to place female teachers in schools in western United States.  Slade died in Middlebury, Vermont, on January 18, 1859, and is interred at West Cemetery in Middlebury. Also memorialized on the family burial monument is Eliza Dobson, an African-American girl whom Slade brought to Vermont from Washington. Slade had her buried in his family plot when she died on April 19, 1853, at the age of 18.

William Slade, Jr. (May 9, 1786 – January 18, 1859) was an American Whig and Anti-Masonic politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Vermont from 1831 to 1843, where he was an outspoken opponent of slavery. He was the seventeenth Governor of Vermont.

William Slade Jr. (* 9. Mai 1786 in Cornwall, Vermont; † 18. Januar 1859 in Middlebury, Vermont) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker und von 1844 bis 1846 Gouverneur des Bundesstaates Vermont. Zwischen 1831 und 1843 vertrat er seinen Staat als Abgeordneter im US-Repräsentantenhaus.


Career.

Nu Shooz formed in 1979 in a lineup that originally featured 12 members. This incarnation of the group released its debut album, "Can't Turn It Off", in 1982. Although the album saw limited success, the band continued on, paring its lineup down to seven members over the next several years.  Nu Shooz originally released the single "I Can't Wait" in Portland in April 1985 on Poolside Records. The original session happened at Cascade Recording in Portland in the fall of 1984 and was also featured on the band's sparsely distributed second album, "Tha's Right", in 1985. "I Can't Wait" was a big hit on Portland radio stations at that time, but Nu Shooz was turned down by every major label. A copy of the song made it to the Netherlands, where it was remixed by Peter Slaghuis. This version is known as the 'Dutch Mix.' The remix came back into the United States as an import on Dutch label Injection Records. This version got the attention of Atlantic Records, which signed the band to a contract in January 1986.  Nu Shooz scored two major hits. "I Can't Wait" climbed to No. 2 on the R&B charts and No. 3 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in June 1986 and spent 15 weeks in the Top 40, and it also hit No. 1 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart earlier that year. Its follow-up, "Point of No Return," was remixed by Shep Pettibone and also topped the dance chart in September 1986; the song peaked at No. 28 on the Hot 100 and No. 35 on the R&B chart. Both singles were on the album "Poolside", which charted on "Billboard"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 200 chart at No. 27, and sold 500,000 copies in the U.S., garnering gold record RIAA certification on October 2, 1986.  In 1987, Nu Shooz was nominated for a Grammy Award in the Best New Artist category, based on its breakthrough success the previous year. The group lost to Bruce Hornsby & the Range; the other nominees that year were Glass Tiger, Simply Red, and Timbuk3. In 1988, the band released the album "Told" U "So", which had its final chart entries to date: "Should I Say Yes?" hit No. 17 on the R&B chart and No. 41 on the Hot 100, while the track "Are You Lookin' for Somebody Nu" topped out at No. 2 on the dance chart. The album itself peaked on the Billboard 200 to No. 93 and was only an overall success in the urban market. "Time Will Tell" was supposed to be the first single from the third album for Atlantic, which was titled "Eat & Run", but the album was never released.  In 2007, Nu Shooz was inducted into the Oregon Music Hall of Fame. Also that year Smith and Day formed a spin-off band called Nu Shooz Orchestra with a sound they called "Jazz-Pop-Cinema." They released one album, "Pandora's Box", in 2010 along with music videos for the songs "Spy vs Spy," (directed by Mike Wellins) and "Right Before My Eyes" (animated by Smith and Day’s son Malcolm Smith.) The following year "I Can't Wait" was sampled in the hit song "Buzzin'" by Mann.  In 2012, the band released "Kung Pao Kitchen", a return to their '80s roots. A year later they put the live group back together for the first time in 20 years and joined the '80s era tour Super Freestyle Explosion. A cover of "I Can't Wait", performed by Icona Pop and produced by Questlove, was used in a 2015 series of Target commercials.  Nu Shooz continues to record and perform.

Nu Shooz is an American freestyle/R&B group fronted by husband-and-wife team of John Smith and Valerie Day, based in Portland, Oregon, United States. Nu Shooz released four albums in the U.S. during the 1980s. Their third album, "Poolside", brought the group's sound to a wider audience.

Nu Shooz ist eine amerikanische Formation aus Portland, Oregon, um das Ehepaar John Smith und Valerie Day, die Mitte der 1980er Jahre mit elektronischer Tanzmusik und vor allem mit der Hitsingle "I Can’t Wait" international erfolgreich war.


History.

Altoona was founded by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) in 1849 as the site for a shop and maintenance complex. Altoona was incorporated as a borough on February 6, 1854, and as a city under legislation approved on April 3, 1867, and February 8, 1868.

Altoona.

One explanation of the city's name is that the word "Altoona" is a derivative of the Latin word "altus", meaning "high".  This explanation is contradicted by Pennsylvania Place Names. Although Altoona, in Blair County, is popularly known as "the Mountain City", its name has no direct or indirect etymological relation to the Latin adjective Altus, signifying "elevated, lofty." Two very different explanations of the origin of this name are current. The one which seems to be the most natural and reasonable runs as follows: "The locomotive engineer who ran

Growth.

In late September 1862, Altoona was home to the War Governors' Conference which brought together 13 governors of Union states. This body gave early approval to the Emancipation Proclamation. The town grew rapidly in the late 19th century, its population approximately 2,000 in 1854, 10,000 in 1870, and 20,000 in 1880.

Horseshoe Curve.

Horseshoe Curve, a curved section of track built by the PRR, has become a tourist attraction and National Historic Landmark.  The curve was built to help trains cross the Allegheny Ridge, a barrier to westward trade. Construction of the Erie Canal in New York 20 years earlier had diverted much port traffic from Philadelphia to New York City, feeding that city's commercial dominance. Because the curve was an industrial link to the western United States, Horseshoe Curve was a primary target of eight Nazi saboteurs who had landed during World War II from U-boats of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" during Operation Pastorius.  At its peak in the early 20th century, PRR's Altoona Works

Tornado.

On May 22, 1949, at about 6 pm, a tornado moved through the southern part of Altoona. According to the "Altoona Mirror," the tornado touched down near Sugar Run Road in the Canan Station area and cut a 100-yard swath of destruction through the southwestern portion of Altoona. Trees over a foot in diameter were "twisted apart" and several houses were unroofed, and garages were demolished in the Canan Station and Sugar Run areas. Along 58th Street large trees were uprooted, one of them left a seven-foot hole in the ground. Also on 58th Street, the roof was

Current.

Altoona is one of the dual seats of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Altoona–Johnstown. The Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament was made a cathedral and rechristened from St. John's Church in 1851.  The "Altoona Mirror" newspaper,

Geography.

Altoona lies at the base of Brush Mountain within Logan Valley and Pleasant Valley. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.8 sq mi (25.3 km2), all land. Altoona is situated in the Allegheny Mountains.

Climate.

Altoona has a humid continental climate (Köppen "Dfb") climate, with cold, snowy winters, and humid, very warm summers. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from in January to in July, although extremes in temperature have ranged from in 1904 to in 2011. Unofficial readings

City neighborhoods.

The main sections of Altoona are the Downtown, Center City, Logantown, Fairview, Juniata, Wehnwood, Calvert Hills, 5th Ward, Westmont, Eldorado, East End, Dutch Hill, Pleasant Valley, Hileman Heights, 6th Ward, Mansion Park, Llyswen, Garden Heights, and Highland Park. Some significant neighborhoods are Little Italy, Gospel Hill, Toy Town, Columbia Park, Knickerbockers, and Curtin. Some areas within Logan Township are not within the defined City limits but still considered sections of Altoona, including Lakemont, Greenwood, Bellmeade, Westfall, Newburg, and Red Hill. Many of the older districts consist of a mix of rowhomes and individual homes, which were a common building style in railroad towns so-as to provide for worker and manager housing, respectively.

Downtown.

The downtown is the cultural and commercial center of Altoona and straddles the famous railroads. As is typical to a traditional city layout, the downtown is centrally located and contains significant development in all directions from the downtown. Much of the downtown area is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Downtown Altoona Historic District. Popular landmarks include the Mishler Theatre, the Penn Alto Building (formerly the Penn Alto Hotel), the Gable's Building, City Hall, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, and Eleventh Avenue itself.  Altoona is notable for having several churches, such as the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament at the corner of 13th Street

Center City.

Center City comprises industrial and commercial zones as well as urban and multiple household residential zones. Often, the Center City, Little Italy, and Gospel Hill areas (as well as Lower Fairview) are included as part of "downtown" for tourism and promotional purposes, much like how the Strip District in Pittsburgh is promoted. This is due to both the proximity and the fact that the buildings from these sections are similar to downtown buildings and blend in with the skyline. On the west side of

Little Italy and Gospel Hill.

The neighborhood area known as Little Italy is the neighborhood between 7th Street and 12th Street north to south and 9th Ave to 6th

Logantown.

Logantown is the area just north of Downtown and is considered a direct extension of Downtown. It borders Fairview along 16th Ave, Willow Ave and Cherry Ave to the north, 13th Ave and Chestnut Ave to the south,

Fairview.

Fairview is a mostly residential area North and West of Downtown and Logantown. It borders Calvert Hills to the south at 12th Street, Downtown and Logantown to the east along 16th Ave and Willow Ave and then along Cherry Ave after 5th Street, and borders Juniata Gap Road to the north. Fairview is zoned as multiple household residential in the areas directly bordering Downtown, and transitions to single household residential after 21st Avenue, and eventually to

Dutch Hill.

Dutch Hill district contains an abundance of historic neighborhoods and traditional "corner markets". This section gets its name from the abundance of Germans who moved into this area when the City was still expanding. Dutch Hill is the area that borders the City Center to the

Juniata.

Juniata is defined as north of Juniata Gap Road, east of East 25th Ave and on the west side of the railroad line. The area is zoned as mostly residential limited, but also uniquely has a significant area of light and heavy industry as well as a central business area. This is because Juniata was once its own city, and was incorporated into

East End.

The East End is defined as the area on the east side of the railroad line north of 4th Street. It is called the East End because it borders the north end of the

Pleasant Valley.

Pleasant Valley is the area that centers on Pleasant Valley Boulevard, which is a massive stretch of highway business that runs the entire length of Altoona. The Sheetz store is known locally as "Super Sheetz" is located here along 17th Street and

Eldorado.

Eldorado is the southern section of Altoona, south of Logan Boulevard and west of 6th Avenue as well as a small section south of 57th Street all the way to Rhode Island Avenue (Goods Lane) in the east. Eldorado is zoned as

Toy Town.

Toy Town is the neighborhood between

Lakemont.

Lakemont is located southeast of Garden Heights between Frankstown Road and Logan Boulevard. While residing within Logan Township just outside the official border of the City and designated as the "Village

Greenwood.

Greenwood is the area north of the East End and begins around a block north of Grant Street. While mostly residing within Logan Township just outside the official border of the City and designated as the "Village of Greenwood", it

Wehnwood.

Wehnwood is the area west of 25th Ave between Wehnwood Road to the north and 1st St to the south. This is part of where Penn State Altoona is located.

Mansion Park.

Mansion Park is named for the Baker Mansion, one of its prominent houses. There are several streets surrounding the old plantation where mansions built in the early 20th century still stand. Mansion Park Stadium

Columbia Park.

Columbia Park is the neighborhood adjacent to Tuckahoe Park between 6th

Highland Park.

Highland Park is the area south of Logan Blvd, east of 6th Ave, north of 57th Street and west of Ruskin Drive. The name

The Knickerbockers.

The Knickerbockers are a unique collection of homes along 6th Ave between Burgoon Road to the north and 41st Street to the south. The Knickerbocker Historic

6th Ward.

6th Ward is the area south of Dutch Hill, west of Pleasant Valley, east of Curtin Neighborhoods and north of Mansion Park. It is between 17th

Westmont.

Westmont is the area on the east side of the tracks south of 21st street and between the 5th Ward and the tracks to the west and

Curtin.

Curtin is the neighborhood where the Jaffa Mosque is located. As well

Hileman Heights.

Hileman Heights is a suburban area south of Pleasant Valley. The heights are from South 25th Street south

Llyswen.

Llyswen is a small section west of Union Ave, east of Ruskin Drive, south of Ward Ave and north of Plank Road. This

Garden Heights.

Garden heights are the area east of Plank Road, northwest of Lakemont and south of Frankstown Road. Garden Heights is mostly single residential but is highway

Calvert Hills.

Calvert Hills is a small area between 12th Street and 16th Street north to south and 17th Ave to

5th Ward.

The 5th Ward and Westfall is the area on the west side of the

Newburg and Red Hill.

The northwestern corner of 5th Ward is known as Newburg, with Red Hill being farther north up Route 36. The boundaries for the southern area are 20th Street to the north and 10th Ave to the south. The 5th Ward is a mix of single and suburban residential.

Demographics.

As of the 2010 census, the city was 93.8% White, 3.3% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 2.0% were two or more races. 1.3% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. The 2000 Census reported the following predominate ancestry/ethnicities: German (35%), Irish (17%), Italian (12%), English (7%), Polish (4%), Black or African American (2%), Dutch (2%), Scotch-Irish (2%), French (2%), Scottish (1%), Pennsylvania German (1%), Welsh (1%), Swedish (1%), Slovak (1%).  As of the census of 2000, there were 49,523 people, 20,059 households, and 12,576 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,069.7 people per square mile (1,957.1/km2). There were 21,681 housing units at an average density of 2,219.5 per square mile (856.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.01% White, 2.49% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 0.83% from two

Economy.

Historically, the sole economic force driving the growth of Altoona into a City was the Pennsylvania Railroad. While the various local railroad shops still employ over a thousand people, they are no longer the driving economic engine of the area. The top field of employment in Altoona and the metro area is healthcare. Facilities include: UPMC Altoona with its many local facilities that employ thousands, Healthsouth Rehabilitation Hospital and its several local facilities, James E. Van Zandt VA Medical Center, dozens of doctors offices, and over 20 nursing homes and assisted living facilities.  Altoona serves as the corporate home to Sheetz, a rapidly growing convenience store chain in the United States. It now has 600 locations throughout Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio and North Carolina.  Altoona also serves as the headquarters to Boyer (candy company). Famous for their “Mallo Cup,” the company was founded in 1936, 42 years after the founding of The Hershey Company.  Another massive employer is the retail and service industries. Altoona is the linchpin of the Tri-City Region. Its location along I-99 draws from a large trade area over a wide geographic area that extends to State College and Johnstown and over south along I-99 past I-70. Altoona draws the most retail customers in the region due to its centralized location and to the fact that it has the best complementary retail of the three markets with of retail space. A new shopping center, Convention Center Commons, opened in 2015. The new shopping includes an AMC Movie Theater, and a Holiday Inn Express.  Areas of retail include:

Industry.

As typical of many Rust Belt cities, the economic downturn of the railroad resulted in the closure of many of the downtown's landmark stores and industries; and the simultaneous rise in prominence of the automobile shifted commercial development to the suburbs. However, through recent revitalization efforts, Altoona's downtown maintains a significant level of economic vitality and hosts few office and residential vacancies. The downtown maintains a significant focus on pedestrian-oriented development, as evidenced by the presence of more pedestrian bridges and underpasses across the railroad tracks (connecting the two parts of downtown) than

Sports.

In the early 20th century, the Pennsylvania Railroad constructed a large sports complex at the intersection of Chestnut Avenue and Seventh Street. It was named Cricket Field in an attempt to appeal to Cricket-loving British investors. Cricket did not catch on with the Altoona populace, so its close relative baseball became the choice for Cricket Field. Well known baseball players as Babe Ruth and Josh Gibson played at Cricket Field, and the stadium was also the venue for numerous other sporting events, musical competitions, marching units, and activities. A plaza that's home to; Wendy's, Rite Aid Pharmacy and the Pennsylvania State Parole & Probation, stands today on the site of Cricket Field.  Altoona was the site of a board track called Altoona Speedway from 1923 to 1931. On June 15, 1929, just two weeks after winning the 1929 Indianapolis 500, Ray Keech was killed in an accident at the Altoona Speedway.

Mansion Park Stadium.

Altoona Area School District's Mansion Park Stadium has long been recognized as one of the finest athletic complexes in Pennsylvania. The stadium, which has a seating capacity of 10,400, is a source of community pride and regularly serves as the site of a variety of events that benefit the economy of the Altoona-Blair County area.  In the summer of 2009, Sports Construction Group, LLC installed "Trophy Turf," which has a 48-ounce face weight and inlaid football and soccer lines.

Education.

Altoona has an education system that contains three high schools, two parochial, one public. Bishop Guilfoyle High School is one of the private parochial schools having grades 9–12. Great Commission Schools is the second private parochial school having grades K–12. Altoona Area High School houses grades 10–12. Altoona High is much larger than Bishop Guilfoyle, graduating around 500 students annually, while Guilfoyle graduates around 70.  D.S. Keith Junior High and Theodore Roosevelt Junior High merged in 2008 to become the Altoona Area Junior High School. Roosevelt was torn down and the ground on

Media.

Television.

The Altoona television market is

Infrastructure.

Transportation.

Altoona is a major center on the Norfolk Southern Railway's (NS) Pittsburgh Line. In Altoona, helper engines are added to heavy trains to give them extra power up and over Horseshoe Curve west of town. The Juniata Heavy Repair Shop Complex, originally built by the PRR, is the primary repair and maintenance facility on NS. On an average day, 60 to 80 trains pass through Altoona. The historical importance to the railroad industry and the current high level of railroad activity has made Altoona a mecca for railfans for over 60 years, with the Railroaders Memorial Museum and the

Emergency services.

Altoona and the Altoona Area are serviced by several companies for emergency services. Given that Altoona is entirely encompassed by Logan Township, and some small areas within the city

Police.

The Altoona Police Department (APD) services the City. APD is about 66 strong, and the precinct is located on 16th St downtown.  Logan

Fire.

The Altoona Fire Department (AFD) supplies fire and Quick Response Service (QRS) to the City, as well as Haz-Mat response

EMS.

AMED or the Altoona Mobile Emergency Department provides EMS services for both Altoona and Logan Township as well as many surrounding areas in Blair County

Sister cities.

Altoona is a sister city with:

Altoona is a city in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is the principal city of the Altoona Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The population was 46,320 at the time of the 2010 Census, making it the eleventh most populous city in Pennsylvania. The Altoona MSA includes all of Blair County and was recorded as having a population of 127,089 at the 2010 Census, around 100,000 of whom live within a radius of the Altoona city center according to U.S. Census ZIP Code population data. This includes the adjacent boroughs of Hollidaysburg and Duncansville, adjacent townships of Logan, Allegheny, Blair, Frankstown, Antis, and Tyrone, as well as nearby boroughs of Bellwood and Newry.

Altoona ist eine Stadt im Blair County, Pennsylvania, USA die laut der Volkszählung 2010 eine Einwohnerzahl von 46.321 hatte. Sie liegt in den Allegheny Mountains und ist nach ihrer Einwohnerzahl gemessen die neuntgrößte Stadt in diesem Bundesstaat. Ihre Geschichte wurde, wie die kaum einer anderen Stadt in den USA, maßgeblich durch die Eisenbahn geprägt.


Route description.

DE 6 begins at the Maryland border, where the road continues west into that state as MD 291. From the state line, the route heads east on two-lane undivided Millington Road, passing through the Blackiston Wildlife Area. The road runs through areas of woods and farms with some homes. In Blackiston, DE 6 intersects the western terminus of DE 42, which heads southeast toward the town of Kenton. The route continues east through more agricultural areas and reaches a junction with DE 15, at which point residential development near the road increases. DE 15 turns east to form a concurrency with DE 6, with the two routes continuing east. Upon reaching the western edge of the town of Clayton, DE 15 splits from DE 6 by heading to the north.  DE 6 proceeds northeast through Clayton on Main Street, where it passes homes along with a few businesses. In Clayton, the road crosses the Delmarva Central Railroad's Delmarva Subdivision line at-grade as it turns more to the east. The route continues into the town of Smyrna, where it becomes Smyrna Clayton Boulevard. Shortly after entering Smyrna, DE 6 crosses Greens Branch and intersects DE 300, where it turns northeast onto West Glenwood Avenue and forms a concurrency with DE 300. The two routes pass a mix of homes and businesses before gaining a center left-turn lane past the Main Street intersection and entering a commercial area in the northern part of Smyrna as East Glenwood Avenue. Here, the road widens into a divided highway before intersecting US 13. At this point, DE 300 ends and DE 6 turns southeast to form a concurrency with US 13. The two routes pass more businesses on four-lane divided North Dupont Boulevard. DE 6 splits from US 13 by heading to the east on two-lane undivided East Commerce Street, running through residential areas. The route passes over the DE 1 toll road without an interchange and leaves Smyrna.  Upon leaving Smyrna, DE 6 becomes Woodland Beach Road and passes to the north of Smyrna Airport. The road heads east into agricultural areas, crossing Mill Creek as it winds east. The route intersects DE 9 before turning northeast into marshland within the Woodland Beach Wildlife Area. DE 6 turns north and reaches its eastern terminus at an intersection with Delaware Avenue in the community of Woodland Beach, located along the Delaware Bay.  The portion of the route between Alley Mill Road west of Clayton and DE 300 in Smyrna is part of the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway, a Delaware Byway. DE 6 has an annual average daily traffic count ranging from a high of 26,210 vehicles at the east end of the US 13 concurrency to a low of 525 vehicles at the Delaware Avenue intersection in Woodland Beach. None of DE 6 is part of the National Highway System.

History.

By 1920, what is now DE 6 existed as an unimproved county road. The road was completed as a state highway within Clayton and was proposed as one from Clayton west to Blackiston by 1924. On August 5, 1925, the state highway between Clayton and Blackiston was completed. In 1929, the road leading to Woodland Beach was completed as a state highway. The portion of the road between Blackiston and the Maryland border was upgraded to a state highway in 1930. When Delaware created its state highway system by 1936, DE 6 was routed between the Maryland border west of Blackiston and Woodland Beach, following its current alignment to Smyrna, passing through Smyrna on Commerce Street, and continuing east on its current alignment to Woodland Beach. All of the route was paved except for the easternmost portion. The eastern portion of the road was paved by 1967. By the 1990s, DE 6 was routed onto its current alignment through Smyrna along DE 300 and US 13, bypassing the downtown area.

Delaware Route 6 (DE 6) is a state highway in Kent County, Delaware. It runs from Maryland Route 291 (MD 291) at the Maryland border west of Blackiston to the Delaware Bay in Woodland Beach. The route passes through rural areas of northern Kent County as well as the towns of Clayton and Smyrna. DE 6 intersects DE 42 in Blackiston, DE 15 in Clayton, DE 300 and U.S. Route 13 (US 13) in Smyrna, and DE 9 to the east of Smyrna. The road was built as a state highway during the 1920s and 1930s and received the DE 6 designation by 1936. The easternmost part of the route was paved in the 1960s and the route was moved to its current alignment bypassing downtown Smyrna by the 1990s.

Delaware Route 6 oder kurz DE 6 ist eine 27,89 km lange State Route im Kent County, Delaware. Sie verläuft von der Maryland State Route 291 an der Grenze zu Maryland westlich von Blackiston zur Delaware Bay in Woodland Beach. Die Strecke führt durch die Städte Smyrna und Clayton.


Connotations.

It is the opinion of Horst Sendler that an "Unrechtsstaat" is characterized by a lack of striving for rights and an overall failure to achieve them. At the same time, individual violations of law and constitution do not make a state an "Unrechtsstaat", because such violations also occur in a "Rechtsstaat". Also, a state should not necessarily be considered an ""Unrechtsstaat"," even if it does not correspond with the model of a classical civil "Rechtsstaat" and in particular the German concept of a "Rechtsstaat". On the other hand, the term ""Unrechtsstaat"" does not exclude the possibility of instances in which such a state has areas where qualities characteristic of a "Rechtsstaat" are dominant and where justices is realized in practice. In contrast to this notion of an "Unrechtsstaat", Gerd Roellecke holds that the differentiating quality of an "Unrechtsstaat" is that it does not expect the equality of all people. In contrast with historical "Nichtrechtstaaten" (non-"Rechstaaten"), "Unrechtstaaten" have the capacity to be "Rechstaaten" after a period of historical development.  The German public is divided on whether to call the German Democratic Republic (GDR) as an example of "Unrechtsstaat". Those scholars, however, who view it as such maintain that it is an accurate designation because the state was not based on the rule of law and was unjust. It is also cited that the traditional and commemorative practices and framings sanctioned by the German government depict GDR as "Unrechtsstaat" as well as a dictatorship.  An "Unrechtsstaat" may be distinguished from a "Verbrecherstaat" or 'criminal state', where all the institutions of the state have been seized by a criminal enterprise; such that, while maintaining the nomenclature and appearance of state action, governmental institutions become wholly perverted to serve criminal purposes. The German Federal Constitutional Court, in a series of judgements in the 1950s, established the principle that Nazi Germany should be considered to have been a "Verbrecherstaat", such that all German governmental institutions, organisations and public servants had been wholly perverted into 'a power apparatus in the service of the Nazi Party'. A "Verbrecherstaat" is not a valid state at all; whereas an "Unrechtsstaat" is a valid state that nominally acknowledges the rule of law, but nevertheless systematically fails to maintain it.

The term Unrechtsstaat (pl. "Unrechsstaaten") is a pejorative used to refer to a valid state that is not a "Rechtsstaat"; hence a constitutional state in which the exercise of major aspects of governmental power is not constrained by the law. It is used not only as a jurisprudential term but also as a political one.

Unrechtsstaat ist eine abwertend gebrauchte Bezeichnung für einen Staat, der kein Rechtsstaat ist. Es handelt sich um ein politisches Schlagwort, mit dem die Regime sowohl Deutschlands zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus als auch der DDR gekennzeichnet werden. Die Gleichsetzung beider Systeme durch den Begriff des Unrechtsstaats ist sowohl unter Politikern als auch Juristen umstritten. Die Debatte hat Eingang in den rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskurs gefunden, der sich insbesondere um eine Definition des Begriffs bemüht.


Early life.

Dillingham was born in Shutesbury, Massachusetts on August 10, 1799, a son of Paul Dillingham Sr. and Hannah (Smith) Dillingham. The Dillingham family moved to Waterbury, Vermont in 1805, where Dillingham worked on the family farm and attended the district school in Waterbury and Montpelier's Washington County Grammar School. In 1820, he commenced studying law in the office of Judge Daniel Carpenter. He was admitted to the bar in March 1823, and in April he began to practice in Waterbury as Carpenter's partner. He gained a reputation throughout Vermont as a skilled trial lawyer with a superior ability to present oral arguments to judges and juries.

Early career.

Entering politics as a Democrat, Dillingham served as a Waterbury justice of the peace from 1826 to 1844, and town clerk from 1829 to 1844. He served as Waterbury's member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1833 to 1835, as State's Attorney of Washington County from 1835 to 1838, and again as Waterbury's member of the Vermont House from 1837 to 1840. Dillingham served as a delegate to the State constitutional convention of 1836, and a member of the Vermont State Senate in 1841 and 1842.

Congressman.

Dillingham was elected as a to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1847). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1846. During Dillingham's House service, he served on the Judiciary Committee and the Committee on Claims. The only Democrat in Vermont's Congressional delegation, he favored the annexation of Texas and supported US involvement in the Mexican-American War.  Dillingham was a delegate to the 1857 State constitutional convention. In 1861, Dillingham served again in the Vermont Senate.

Lieutenant governor.

Increasingly opposed to slavery and secession, Dillingham declined the Democratic Party's 1860 nomination for governor. When the American Civil War started, he officially changed his allegiance from Democratic to Republican. He served as the 22nd Lieutenant Governor from 1862 to 1865. Holding office at the height of the war, Dillingham's efforts were focused on aiding governors Frederick Holbrook and J. Gregory Smith to obtain passage of laws for raising, paying, and equipping soldiers for the Union Army. In addition, he campaigned throughout Vermont for the Republican (Unionist) ticket of Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson in the 1864 United States presidential election.

Governor.

Dillingham served as the 29th governor of Vermont from 1865 to 1866. As governor, he created Vermont's first reform school and established Vermont's first normal school for teacher training (now Vermont Technical College). It also fell to Dillingham to appoint two members of the U.S. Senate to replace senators who had died. To succeed Jacob Collamer, Dillingham selected Luke P. Poland. To replace Solomon Foot, Dillingham first offered the appointment to former governor J. Gregory Smith. When Smith declined, Dillingham selected George F. Edmunds.

Later life.

He resumed the practice of law, and was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1870. He retired in 1875.

Death and burial.

Dillingham died at his home in Waterbury on July 26, 1891. He is interred in the Village Cemetery in Waterbury.

Family.

He married Sarah Partridge Carpenter, a daughter of Daniel Carpenter. She died on September 20, 1831, and on September 5, 1832 Dillingham married Sarah's sister Julia. He had seven children who lived to adulthood, including William Paul Dillingham, who served as governor and U.S. Senator. Dillingham was also the father in law of Senator Matthew H. Carpenter.

Paul Dillingham Jr. (August 10, 1799 – July 26, 1891) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Vermont, the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Vermont from 1862 to 1865, and the 29th Governor of Vermont in 1865 and 1866.

Paul Dillingham, Jr. (* 10. August 1799 in Shutesbury, Franklin County, Massachusetts; † 26. Juli 1891 in Waterbury, Vermont) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker und von 1865 bis 1867 Gouverneur des Bundesstaates Vermont. Von 1843 bis 1847 war er Abgeordneter im US-Repräsentantenhaus.


Overview.

Expression Encoder is a transcoding and linear video editing program. It features a graphical user interface based on Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) as well as a command line interface. It can export videos to H.264 or VC-1 formats or prepare video streams for distribution via Microsoft Silverlight. It supports Silverlight player controls and Silverlight templates.  Microsoft Expression Encoder is available in different editions:

History.

Version 1.0 was released to manufacturing on September 6, 2007.  A beta of version 2.0 was released in March 2008 which included new VC-1 codecs (Advanced, Main, and Simple profiles) and better Silverlight support. Version 2 was released to manufacturing in May 2008. Expression The first service pack added H.264+AAC encoding support for devices. According to Microsoft, Expression Encoder 2 was not a replacement for Windows Media Encoder, despite having many similarities.  Expression Encoder 3 added multi-channel audio output, more built in device profiles, like support for Zune HD, Xbox 360 and iPod Touch, as well as profiles for online services such as Facebook and YouTube. It also added Expression Encoder 3 Screen Capture, which allows users to create video screen captures.  Version 4 added IIS live smooth streaming, screen capture improvements and an H.264 encoder based on the MainConcept SDK. Expression Encoder 4.0 SP1 was released in January 2011 and added CUDA-enabled GPU-assisted encoding, HE-AAC, screen captures as a live source, live broadcasting templates, Selective Blend de-interlacing and other features. Service Pack 2 (SP2) with about 300 bugs fixes was released on November 2, 2011 and added new features such GPU-accelerated video encoding and the removal of 10 minutes screen recording limit.

Features.

Some of Microsoft Expression Encoder features include:

Limitations.

Microsoft Expression Encoder cannot encode video streams in Windows Media Video formats older than version 9. Expression Encoder requires QuickTime to decode MP4 container format, although Media Foundation, a component of Windows 7, can natively decode this format.

Microsoft Expression Encoder (formerly Expression Media Encoder) is a transcoding and non-linear video editing software application for Microsoft Windows. It can create video streams for distribution via Microsoft Silverlight. This utility is created to record the screen for various purposes like YouTube, Twitch, Sharing etc.

Microsoft Expression Encoder (ehemals "Expression Media Encoder") aus dem Softwarepaket Microsoft Expression Studio ist ein 32bit Programm für Windows zur Codierung von Audio- und Videomedien in die Videocodecs H.264 und VC-1, welche auch als Microsoft IIS-Smooth Streaming-Dateien für das Online- und Live-Streaming mit Microsoft Silverlight-Client ausgegeben werden können. Die Steuerung des Microsoft Expression Encoders ist auch über die Windows-Kommandozeile möglich. Über das mitgelieferte Zusatzprogramm "Microsoft Expression Encoder Screen Capture" können Bildschirmaufnahmen erstellt werden.


Early life.

Washburn was born in Lynn, Massachusetts on September 7, 1814, the son of Judge Reuben and Hannah Blaney (Thacher) Washburn of Cavendish, Vermont. His family moved to Vermont in 1817 and settled in Ludlow, Vermont in 1825. Washburn attended the public schools of Ludlow and Black River Academy, then attended Dartmouth College. He graduated in 1835, and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He was principal of the Haverhill Academy while studying law under his father in Ludlow, and with William Upham in Montpelier. After completing his legal education with a year at Harvard Law School, in 1838 Washburn was admitted to the bar, and he began practicing law in Ludlow in January 1839.  Active in politics as a Whig, Washburn was one of the secretaries of a Windsor County convention organized to support William Henry Harrison in the 1840 presidential election. From 1840 to 1842, Washburn served as Assistant Clerk of the Vermont House of Representatives.  In 1844, Washburn moved to Woodstock and formed a partnership with Charles P. Marsh, which they maintained until Washburn's death in 1870. Also in 1844, Washburn was elected reporter of decisions of the Vermont Supreme Court, a position he held for eight years. He represented Woodstock in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1853 to 1855. Washburn was also involved in civic causes, including becoming active in the temperance movement. He became active in the Republican Party in 1855; he was a delegate to the 1860 Republican National Convention, and served as chairman of the Vermont delegation.

Civil War.

Washburn had served as colonel of a Vermont militia regiment from 1837 until 1841, and in 1857 he organized the Woodstock Light Infantry company, which he commanded as a captain. In 1861, Washburn's unit was mustered into federal service for the American Civil War as Company B, 1st Vermont Infantry. He was commissioned lieutenant colonel and second in command of the regiment on May 9, 1861.  The commander of the 1st Vermont, John W. Phelps, was soon promoted to brigadier general and command of a brigade, so Washburn was the regiment's "de facto" commander during nearly all of its three months of service at Fortress Monroe and Newport News, Virginia. Washburn also commanded five companies of the 1st Vermont and five from the 4th Massachusetts infantry at the Battle of Big Bethel on June 10, 1861. He was mustered out with his regiment on August 15, 1861.

Later career.

In October 1861, the Vermont General Assembly elected Washburn to succeed Horace Henry Baxter as Adjutant General and Inspector General of the state militia with the rank of brigadier general. During his tenure, he oversaw the raising, equipping and fielding of seven infantry regiments, one cavalry regiment, three batteries of light artillery, and two companies of sharpshooters for the Union Army.  Washburn also took charge of Vermont's response following the October 1864 St. Albans Raid by Confederate soldiers based in Canada. The state responded by organizing the Frontier Cavalry and deploying it to patrol the Canadian border with Vermont and New York, and Vermont's contingent included two companies, one based in Burlington, and one in St. Albans.  Washburn issued a militia commission to Ann Eliza Smith, the wife of Governor J. Gregory Smith. The Smiths were residents of St. Albans, and Smith had been in the state capital of Montpelier on the day of the raid. His home was a target, and when Mrs. Smith appeared in the front doorway carrying an unloaded pistol (the only weapon she could find), the raiders decided to bypass the house. Mrs. Smith then worked to organize the people of St. Albans to mount a pursuit of the raiders, which unsuccessfully attempted to prevent them from escaping to Canada. Washburn recognized her heroism by appointing her as a brevet lieutenant colonel on the adjutant general's military staff.  Under Washburn's leadership, the adjutant general's office compiled 300 bound volumes of commander's reports, accounts and other records pertaining to service members from Vermont who took part in the war. Of the more than 34,000 men Vermont provided to the Union, only 75 were unaccounted for after the war.  In 1866, Washburn declined reelection as adjutant general. He was succeeded by William Wells. Washburn was one of the organizers of the Reunion Society of Vermont Officers and delivered the keynote address at the society's 1868 annual meeting.  In addition to resuming his law practice, Washburn was an organizer of the Woodstock Railroad Company, of which he was elected president. He also served on the board of directors for the Rutland and Woodstock Railroad.

Governor.

In 1869, Washburn was a candidate for governor and won the Republican nomination at the party's state convention in June by defeating Dudley Chase Denison and Julius Converse. He defeated Democrat Homer W. Heaton in the general election, and took office on October 15, 1869. During his term, the state enacted a law changing the term for state offices including governor from one year to two.

Death and burial.

Washburn died in Woodstock on February 7, 1870. Doctors could not find a cause, and attributed his death to nervous exhaustion brought on by overwork. He was interred at River Street Cemetery in Woodstock.

Family.

In 1839, Washburn was married to Almira E. Ferris (1816-1848) of Swanton, Vermont. In 1849, he married Almira P. Hopkins (1816-1910) of Glens Falls, New York. With his first wife Washburn was the father of son Ferris (1842-1860), who died at age 18 while a student at Dartmouth College, and daughter Emily May ("Emma"), who died at age 6 (1846-1853). With his second wife, Washburn was the father of four children, including Thacher (1859-1862), who died as an infant. Daughter Elizabeth (1852-1938), the wife of Thomas Wilson Dorr Worthen survived him, as did daughter Mary (1854-1941), the wife of George B. Parkinson, and son Charles (1856-1904).  Washburn was a descendant of James Chilton through Chilton's daughter Mary. As a result of this family connection, Washburn's surviving children became members of the Society of Mayflower Descendants when it was founded in the late 1800s.

Peter Thacher Washburn (September 7, 1814 – February 7, 1870) was a Vermont lawyer, politician and soldier. A veteran of the American Civil War, he was elected Governor of Vermont as a Republican in 1869, and was the first Vermont Governor to die in office.

Peter Thacher Washburn (* 7. September 1814 in Lynn, Massachusetts; † 7. Februar 1870 in Woodstock, Vermont) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker und von 1869 bis 1870 Gouverneur des Bundesstaates Vermont.


History.

The name "Salkantay" is from "sallqa", a Quechua word meaning wild, uncivilized, savage, or invincible, and was recorded as early as 1583. The name is thus often translated as "Savage Mountain".  Directly to the north of Salkantay lies Machu Picchu, which is at the end of a ridge that extends down from this mountain. Viewed from Machu Picchu's main sundial, the Southern Cross is above Salkantay's summit when at its highest point in the sky during the rainy season. The Incas associated this alignment with concepts of rain and fertility, and considered Salkantay to be one of the principal deities controlling weather and fertility in the region west of Cuzco.

Mountaineering.

Salcantay is a large, steep peak with great vertical relief, particularly above the low valleys to the north, which are tributaries of the Amazon River.  The standard route on the mountain is the Northeast ridge. Accessing the route typically involves three days of travel from Cusco. The climb involves about of vertical gain, on glacier, snow, ice, and some rock.

Mountaineering history.

Salcantay was first climbed in 1952 by a French-American expedition comprising Fred D. Ayres, David Michael Jr., John C. Oberlin, W. V. Graham Matthews, Austen F. Riggs, George Irving Bell, Claude Kogan, M. Bernard Pierre, and Jean Guillemin. All except Oberlin, Riggs, and Guillemin reached the summit. Two years later Fritz Kasparek fell through a cornice near the summit on the NE ridge.  On June 17, 2013 Nathan Heald (USA), Thomas Ryan (USA), and Luis Crispin (Peru) made the summit at 10:30am after nine hours of climbing from a high camp at 5,500 m. on the NE ridge. This makes Crispin the first Peruvian climber to summit the mountain. The team took a reading of 6,279 m, S 13° 20.027’, W 72° 32.596’, on a GPS device. On July 31, 2013 a second team led by Nathan Heald (USA), consisting of James Lissy (USA) and Edwin Espinoza Sotelo (Peru) made the summit by the NE ridge. This makes Heald the only person to have summited the mountain twice. Due to glacial retreat, the route is now calculated to be graded D on the French adjectival scale.

Salcantay, Salkantay or Sallqantay (in Quechua) is the highest peak in the Vilcabamba mountain range, part of the Peruvian Andes. It is located in the Cusco Region, about west-northwest of the city of Cusco. It is the 38th-highest peak in the Andes, and the twelfth-highest in Peru. However, as a range highpoint in deeply incised terrain, it is the second most topographically prominent peak in the country, after Huascarán. Salcantay's proximity to Machu Picchu makes trekking around it an alternative to the oversubscribed Inca Trail; this is known as the.

Der Salcantay oder Salkantay ist mit einer Höhe von der höchste Berg in der Region Cordillera Vilcabamba, einem Teil der peruanischen Anden.


Classical Roman writers and inscriptions.

A contemporary inscription indicates that Flavia Domitilla had seven children, who were thus grandnephews and grandnieces of Domitian.  Suetonius, who was born in 94 and was thus a contemporary, states that Domitian designated as the emperor's successors two very young sons of Flavius Clemens, and changed their names to Domitian and Vespasian.  Quintilian (c. 35 – c. 100) mentions that Domitian had entrusted to Titus Flavius Clemens the tutelage of two grandsons of Domitian's sister, presumably the two boys designated by the emperor as his successors.  In spite of having shown them such favour, Domitian had Flavius Clemens executed and Flavia Domitilla banished to an island.  Suetonius writes: "Finally he put to death his own cousin Flavius Clemens, suddenly and on a very slight suspicion, almost before the end of his consulship; and yet Flavius was a man of most contemptible laziness and Domitian had besides openly named his sons, who were then very young, as his successors, changing their former names and calling the one Vespasian and the other Domitian. And it was by this deed in particular that he hastened his own destruction."  Suetonius says that one of those involved in the assassination of Domitian on 18 September 96 was Domitilla's steward Stephanus.  Cassius Dio (c. 155–235) reports in his "Roman History": "Domitian slew, along with many others, Flavius Clemens the consul, although he was a cousin and married to Flavia Domitilla, who was also a relative of the emperor's. The charge brought against them both was that of atheism (ἀθεότης), a charge on which many others who drifted into Jewish ways were condemned. Some of these were put to death, and the rest were at least deprived of their property. Domitilla was merely banished to Pandateria."

Jewish tradition.

Some scholars connect Domitilla with a character in Jewish tradition, a Roman matron in the Talmud (Avodah Zarah 10b) and Deuteronomy Rabbah 2.25. When the emperor had decreed that in 30 days the Senate would confirm an edict to kill all Jews and Christians in the Roman Empire, the Roman matron convinced her husband to stand up for the Jews. In that tradition, Flavius Clemens converted to Judaism after having contact with the great sage Rabbi Akiva.

Christian tradition.

Both the Greek Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church celebrate a Flavia Domitilla as a saint.  The Greek Orthodox Church celebrates Saint Flavia Domitilla on 12 May and a publication of the Apostolic Service of the Church of Greece states that she lived in Rome in the first century, that she was the wife of the Roman official Titus Flavius Clemens and a daughter of Emperor Domitian's sister, and that she died a martyr for refusing to sacrifice to idols. This description identifies her with the Flavia Domitilla described above.  The identity of the saint honoured in the Catholic Church, whose feast is now on 7 May, is less clear.

Christian writers.

In his "Church History", written at the end of 323 or 324, Eusebius, speaking of "writers who were far from our religion", says that "they recorded that in the fifteenth year of Domitian Flavia Domitilla, daughter of a sister of Flavius Clement, who at that time was one of the consuls of Rome, was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia in consequence of testimony borne to Christ."  In his "Chronicon", which survives in a translation by Jerome (c. 340–420), Eusebius quotes an earlier writer who gives similar information. Under Year 16 of Domitian in the 218th Olympiad (96 AD, the year of Domitian's assassination), he states: "Brutius writes that there were very many Christian martyrs under Domitian, among whom were Flavia Domitilla, niece (on his sister's side) of Flavius Clemens the consul; she was exiled to the island of Pontia, because she bore witness that she was a Christian."  The identity and religion of this Brutius or Bruttius are uncertain.  George Syncellus, who died after 810, repeats the statement by Eusebius in his "Chronicon" and adds that Flavius Clemens died for Christ. He is the first to speak of this first-century Roman consul as a Christian. In quoting Eusebius, Syncellus describes Domitilla as Clement's ἐξαδελφή ("exadelphe"), a term that can mean "cousin" and not only, as Jerome understood it, "niece".  Writing of the death in 404 of Saint Paula, Jerome says that on her way to the Holy Land, "the vessel touched at the island of Pontia ennobled long since as the place of exile of the illustrious lady Flavia Domitilla who under the Emperor Domitian was banished because she confessed herself a Christian; and Paula, when she saw the cells in which this lady passed the period of her long martyrdom, taking to herself the wings of faith, more than ever desired to see Jerusalem and the holy places".

One person or two?

The information that Eusebius attributes to Brutius about Flavia Domitilla does not agree with what Cassius Dio says of the Flavia Domitilla exiled by Domitian. The Domitilla of Cassius Dio was the "wife" of Flavius Clemens and was exiled to the island of "Pandateria" in the context of persons who "drifted into "Jewish" ways". The Domitilla of Eusebius was the "niece" of Flavius Clemens and was banished to the island of "Pontia" for declaring herself a "Christian".  The "Acts of Saints Nereus and Achilleus", a legend of no historical value composed in the fifth or sixth century, begins by stating that Domitilla was Domitian's niece, but then goes on the speak of her as the consul's niece. Furthermore it presents Domitilla, not as a wife and mother of seven children but as a formally consecrated Christian virgin, a description absent also from the writings of Eusebius and Jerome.  Some modern scholars posit the existence of two distinct victims of Domitian, each called Flavia Domitilla, both belonging to the same senatorial family. The first to propound this view was Caesar Baronius: no ancient author speaks of two and Suetonius was able to speak of Stephanus, the assassin of Domitian, simply as "the steward of Domitilla" without having to indicate which Domitilla he served.  Others consider it more likely that Domitian banished only one Flavia Domitilla and that there are errors in the texts of either Cassius Dio or Eusebius or of both. They instance the possibility of confusion between the geographically close islands of Pontia and Pandataria.

Catholic liturgy.

Flavia Domitilla is for the first time included in a list of saints in the ninth-century martyrology of Florus of Lyon, in which there is in her regard a long entry based on the "Acts of Nobles Nereus and Achilleus" and which puts her feast on 7 May, perhaps because the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" had on that date a mention of a Saint Flavius. The same martyrology mentions her also on 12 May, the feast of Saints Nereus and Achilleus, saying (again on the basis of these "Acts") that these were her eunuchs. The martyrology of Ado of Vienne, in the same century, did the same, but more briefly. The ninth-century "Martyrology of Usuard" copied that of Ado and was in turn copied by the "Roman Martyrology" of Caesar Baronius, who gave credence to the legendary "Acts of Saints Nereus and Achilleus" and in 1595 succeeded in having Domitilla's name added in the General Roman Calendar to those of Nereus and Achilleus on their feast, 12 May.  Until the "Roman Martyrology" was completely revised in 2001, it had the following entry under 7 May: "At Terracina, in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, virgin and martyr, niece of the Consul Flavius Clemens. She received the religious veil at the hands of St Clement, and in the persecution of Domitian was exiled with many others to the island of Pontia, where she endured a long martyrdom for Christ. Taken afterwards to Terracina, she converted many to the faith of Christ by her teaching and miracles. The judge ordered the chamber in which she was, with the virgins Euphrosina and Theodora, to be set on fire, and she thus consummated her glorious martyrdom. She is also mentioned with the holy martyrs Nereus and Achilleus, on the 12th of this month."  The "Roman Breviary" presented her as the niece not of the Consul Clemens, but of the Emperors Titus and Domitian, and as a virgin, not a wife. Based closely on the "Acts of Saints Nereus and Achilleus", it said under the date of 12 May: "The Roman virgin Flavia Domitilla, niece of Emperors Titus and Domitian, after receiving the religious veil of virginity at the hands of blessed Pope Clement, was accused by her fiancé Aurelianus, son of Consul Titus Aurelius, of being a Christian and was banished by Emperor Domitian to the island of Pontia, where she underwent a long martyrdom in prison. Finally she was taken to Terracina and again confessed to being a Christian. She was always shown to be more and more constant and, under the Emperor Trajan, fire was set, by order of the judge, to her room and, together with her foster sisters Theodora and Euphrosyna, she consummated her glorious martyrdom on 7 May. Their bodies were found intact and were buried by the deacon Caesarius. On this day [12 May] the bodies of the two brothers [Nereus and Achilleus] and Domitilla were brought back from the cardinal-deaconry of Saint Adrian to the basilica of these martyrs, the "Titulus Fasciolae"."  The translation of relics in question was arranged with the greatest solemnity by Cardinal Baronius in 1597.  There is thus disagreement between the Roman Breviary of the Tridentine period and the Roman Martyrology of the same period about the identity of Saint Domitilla.  The 2001 decree of promulgation of the revised Roman Martyrology declared: "In accordance with the Constitution "Sacrosanctum Concilium" of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council on the Sacred Liturgy, 'the accounts of martyrdom or the lives of the saints are to accord with the facts of history' (art. 92 c), the names of saints included in the Martyrology and their notices have to be subjected more carefully than before to the judgment of historical study."  The Roman Martyrology now states under 7 May: "At Rome, commemoration of Saint Domitilla, martyr, daughter of the sister of Consul Flavius Clemens, who, being accused during the persecution of Emperor Domitian of denying the pagan gods, was because of her witness to Christ banished with others to the island of Pontia and there underwent a long martyrdom."  Earlier than that, the name of Domitilla was in 1969 removed from the General Roman Calendar (into which it was inserted only in 1595), because her liturgical cult has no basis in [Roman] tradition. Accordingly, Domitilla is no longer mentioned on 12 May, feast of the soldier martyrs Nereus and Achilleus.

Flavia Domitilla, daughter of Domitilla the Younger by an unknown father, perhaps Quintus Petillius Cerialis, had the same name as her mother and her grandmother Domitilla the Elder. She was thus a granddaughter of Emperor Vespasian and a niece of Emperors Titus and Domitian. She married her cousin, the consul Titus Flavius Clemens, a grand-nephew of Vespasian through his father Titus Flavius Sabinus (consul AD 69).

Flavia Domitilla († Ende 1./Anfang 2. Jahrhundert auf der Insel Ventotene?, in der Antike Pandateria) war eine Angehörige des Hauses der Flavier, christliche Märtyrerin und Heilige.


Leaders.

A forerunner of the movement was Pyotr Chaadayev (1794-1856). He exposed the cultural isolation of Russia, from the perspective of Western Europe, and his "Philosophical Letters" of 1831. He cast doubt on the greatness of the Russian past, and ridiculed Orthodoxy for failing to provide a sound spiritual basis for the Russian mind. He extolled the achievements of Europe, especially in rational and logical thought, its progressive spirit, its leadership in science, and indeed its leadership on the path to freedom.  Vissarion Belinsky (1811-1848) was the dominant figure. He worked primarily as a literary critic, because that area was less heavily censored than political pamphlets. He agreed with Slavophiles that society had precedence over individualism, but he insisted the society had to allow the expression of individual ideas and rights. He strongly opposed Slavophiles on the role of Orthodoxy, which he considered a retrograde force. He emphasized reason and knowledge, and attacked autocracy and theocracy. He had a profound impact on the younger generation.  Alexander Herzen (1812-1870), was the son of a nobleman who promoted Belinsky's ideas after his death in 1848. He was influenced by Voltaire, Schiller, Saint-Simon, Proudhon, and especially Hegel and Feuerbach. Herzen started as a liberal but increasingly adopted socialism. He left Russia permanently in 1847, but his newsletter " Kolokol " published in London from 1857 to 1867, was widely read. Herzen combined key ideas of the French Revolution and German idealism. He disliked bourgeois or middle-class values, and sought authenticity among the peasantry. He agitated for the emancipation of the Russian serfs, and after that took place in 1861 he enlarged his platform to include common ownership of land, government by the people and stronger individual rights.

References.

Westernizers (; ) were a group of 19th-century intellectuals who believed that Russia's development depended upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government. In their view, western ideas such as industrialisation needed to be implemented throughout Russia to make it a more successful country. In Russian the term was known as "zapadnichestvo" (зáпадничество), which can be translated as "westernism", and its adherents were known as the "zapadniki", westernists in English.

Der Begriff Westler (, "zapadnik") ist eine Umschreibung für eine politisch-publizistische Richtung im Russland des 19. Jahrhunderts, die in den 1840er Jahren aufgrund der Auseinandersetzung mit den Slawophilen entstand. Vergleichbar mit den Urbanen in Ungarn, traten die Vertreter der Westler für einen engen Anschluss Russlands an die westeuropäische Kultur ein. Dazu zählten die Übernahme westeuropäischer Philosophie (z. B. Hegel), Technologie (z. B. Industrialisierung) und Regierungsformen (Liberalismus und Abkehr von Leibeigenschaft und Autokratie). In den Zeitschriften "Otetschestwennyie sapiski" und "Sowremennik" traten einige von ihnen als Literaturkritiker auf.


History.

Precedents.

The polyglot bible was the result of Spain's long-lasting tradition of translations of texts. Through centuries the intellectual class of Iberia had developed a deep understanding of the issues of translation and the difficulty of conveying, or even interpreting meaning correctly across languages. Religious texts were known to be particularly difficult due to their high metaphorical content and how dependent on the context in which they were written they tended to be. This sparked a debate in Spain about the convenience of continuing the translation of religious texts and the best way to do it over a century prior to the reformation. The customary answer to this debate was to ask religious authorities to examine the translation and cross-check different translations to Castillian, but that in turn created a debate about the qualifications of the religious authority itself to properly translate from the original sources. One of the answers to this debate was the polyglot bible, which Cisneros hoped would end the issue forever.

Translation process.

The works started on 1502 and took 15 years to be completed. At great personal expense, Cardinal Cisneros acquired many manuscripts and invited the top religious scholars of the day, to work on the ambitious task of compiling a massive and complete polyglot "to revive the languishing study of the Sacred Scriptures". Diego Lopez de Zúñiga, was the chief editor and fluent in Latin as well as both Aramaic and Arabic. He was given a team of various translators. Converted translators and academics were favoured and specifically sought since they were fluent in the source languages and the cultures of the texts. Second in command, Alfonso de Zamora (14761544) was a converted Jewish scholar, an expert in thalamic studies, and spoke Hebrew as his first language. Other "conversos" working on the project were Alfonso de Alcalá, Pablo de Coronel. Demetrius Ducas a scholar from Crete and Hernán Núñez de Toledo ("The Pincian") and Juan de Vergara were in charge of the translation from Greek manuscripts. Antonio de Nebrija was specifically called for the translation of the Vulgate. Hernán Núñez de Toledo was also the chief Latinist. The scholars met in Alcalá de Henares, a city near Madrid also known by its Latin name "Complutum", at Complutense University.  The New Testament was completed and printed in 1514, but its publication was delayed while work on the Old Testament continued, so they could be published together as a complete work.

Erasmus and publication privileges.

In the meantime, word of the Complutensian project reached Desiderius Erasmus in Rotterdam, who produced his own printed edition of the Greek New Testament. Erasmus obtained an exclusive four-year publishing privilege from Emperor Maximilian and Pope Leo X in 1516. Theodore Beza's Greek NT Text was used primarily, along with Erasmus' Greek NT Text and with various readings from the Complutensian Greek NT Text to form the "Textus Receptus" published by the Elzevir Brothers in 1633. Erasmus' later editions were a secondary source for the King James Version of the New Testament. The Complutensian Polyglot Bible was a tertiary source for the 1611 King James Version.  The Complutensian Old Testament was completed in 1517. Because of Erasmus' exclusive privilege, publication of the Polyglot was delayed until Pope Leo X could sanction it in 1520. It is believed to have not been distributed widely before 1522. Cardinal Cisneros died in July 1517, five months after the Polyglot's completion, and never saw its publication.

Contents.

The Complutensian Polyglot Bible was published as a six-volume set. The first four volumes contain the Old Testament. Each page consists of three parallel columns of text: Hebrew on the outside, the Latin Vulgate in the middle (edited by Antonio de Nebrija), and the Greek Septuagint on the inside. On each page of the Pentateuch, the Aramaic text (the Targum Onkelos) and its own Latin translation are added at the bottom. The fifth volume, the New Testament, consists of parallel columns of Greek and the Latin Vulgate. The sixth volume contains various Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek dictionaries and study aids. For the Greek text, the minuscules 140, 234, and 432 were probably used.  Jerome's Latin version of the Old Testament was placed between the Greek and Hebrew versions, symbolizing the Roman Church of Christ being surrounded and crucified by the Greek Church and the Jews. This text was collated by Antonio de Nebrija from manuscript sources, but was left uncorrected. Nebrija eventually resigned from the project after Cisneros refused to allow him to improve the translation in deference to the desires of the Papacy.  A full-size (folio) facsimile edition was published in Valencia 1984–87, reproducing the Bible text (volumes 1-5) from the copy in the Library of the Jesuit Society at Rome, and the rarer sixth volume of dictionaries from the copy in the Complutense University Library.  The typeface devised for the Complutensian by Arnaldo Guillén de Brocar has been regarded by typographers such as Robert Proctor as the apex of Greek typographical development in early printing, before Aldus Manutius' manuscript-based typefaces took over the market for the next two centuries. Proctor based his 1903 "Otter Greek" typeface on the Polyglot; the Greek Font Society's "GFS Complutensian Greek" is likewise based on the Polyglot.

The Complutensian Polyglot Bible is the name given to the first printed polyglot of the entire Bible, initiated and financed by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros (1436–1517) and published by Complutense University in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. It includes the first printed editions of the Greek New Testament, the complete Septuagint, and the Targum Onkelos. Of the 600 six-volume sets which were printed, only 123 are known to have survived to date.

Die Complutensische Polyglotte (lat. "Biblia polyglotta complutensia") ist der Name der ersten (1514–1517) gedruckten Polyglotte der vollständigen Bibel. Sie wurde von Kardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros angeregt und finanziert. In ihr findet sich neben dem lateinischen Text die erste gedruckte Ausgabe des griechischen Neuen Testaments, die vollständige Septuaginta, das hebräische Alte Testament sowie das Targum Onkelos. Von den ursprünglich 600 gedruckten Exemplaren sind noch 123 erhalten.


Birth.

Ethel Bliss Platt was born Ethel Appleby Bliss to Delos and Emily Bliss on October 25, 1881 and grew up in Englewood, New Jersey.

Tennis career.

Ethel Bliss had participated actively in the junior tennis tournaments around New Jersey as a youth. In 1894, "The New York Times" wrote about the Englewood tennis club which included Helen Homans and other standouts. In the article it highlighted that "there is a little girl of about thirteen who will surpass them all if her tennis ability is properly developed. The phenomenon is Miss Ethel Bliss whose backhand and forehand drives are worthy of a veteran."  The highlight of her playing career was the championship in the 1906 U.S. National Championships in doubles with Ann Burdette Coe, 6–4, 6–4 over Helen Homans and Clover Boldt

Marriage and art collection.

In 1900, she married Dan Fellows Platt, a Princeton University graduate who dedicated his life to the study of Renaissance art. They lived in Englewood for the rest of their lives but with regular trips to Europe for art collection and travel. Dan and Ethel built an Italian Palazzo house named Ambercrof. Dan Platt built one of the largest art collections in the United States with 400,000 photographs of art relics, 1,600 drawings spanning the 1500s until the 1900s, and many key pieces from the renaissance period, mostly from Siena.  Ethel inherited the significant collection and sold some prominent works and gave much the rest to Princeton University. One notable piece was a Giovanni di Paolo panel with Madonna surrounded by Saint Margaret the Virgin and Saint Catherine of Alexandria. She gave it as a loan to the Princeton University Art Museum. However, after finding the photograph collection of her husband in disrepair she demanded to get the di Paolo piece back and sold it. She sold some of the collection but upon her death in 1971, the remainder was provided to Princeton University as per Dan Fallows Platt's will.  Because of this art collecting, she was connected with many of the prominent intellectuals in New Jersey and Europe including friendships with Hannah Arendt and George Santayana amongst others.  In fall of 1970, she reportedly saw a firefly in the meadow behind her house and, because it was not the season for fireflies, went outside to investigate. Upon leaving her house she had a mild stroke and died in June the next year.  Ethel Bliss Platt is one of the six people highlighted in James Lord's 1998 book "A Gift for Admiration: Further Memories". Lord, who knew Ethel for much of his life, wrote "It was not necessary in her company to become acquainted with painters or men of letters, because she herself so admirably embodied what was most precious in the works and pleasures of the men and women who sustained our companionship. They were the rare, great spirits of Western culture, and she was very like many of them."

Ethel Bliss Platt was an American tennis player and art collector. Ethel was born and spent most of her life living in Englewood, New Jersey. She had an active juniors tennis career and was the 1906 U.S. National Tennis Champion in Doubles with Ann Burdette Coe. She married Dan Fellows Platt in 1900 and was his companion through many trips to Europe to collect art. When her husband died in 1937, she inherited one of the largest art collections in America and sold some pieces, gave some to friends and gave thousands to Princeton University Art Museum. She died in 1971 following a stroke.

Ethel Bliss Platt (* 25. Oktober 1881 in Englewood (New Jersey); † Juni 1971 ebenda) war eine US-amerikanische Tennisspielerin im ersten Jahrzehnt des 20. Jahrhunderts.


Discovery and species.

In 1991, two femora (thighbones), one from an adult and one from a juvenile, were found within a metre of each other at the Dinosaur Cove East site, in the small "Lake Copco" quarry, at the southern tip of Australia. The type species, "Timimus hermani", was formally named and shortly described by Dr Thomas Rich and his wife Patricia Vickers-Rich in 1993/1994. The generic name means "Tim's Mimic" and combines the name of both the discoverers' son Timothy Rich and palaeontologist Tim Flannery with a Latin "mimus", "mimic", a reference to the presumed affinity of the species with the Ornithomimosauria. The specific name honours volunteer John Herman who, for many years, assisted the Dinosaur Cove project.  The holotype specimen, NMV P186303, was found in a layer of the Eumeralla Formation, dating to the Albian faunal stage in the early Cretaceous, some 106 million years ago. It consists of a left femur of an adult individual.  In 1994, Dr. Thomas Rich commented that, while it would have been more ideal to have had the most complete specimen possible as a holotype, it was highly unlikely that future material of "Timimus" would be found, due to the limited nature of sites to be explored in the area. Also, the holotype would have had characteristics which both identified it as an ornithomimosaur and a new genus within that group. Thus the name would serve as a reference point for the material within paleontological literature. Rich stated: "By themselves, the names of dinosaurs are like telephone numbers - they are labels that go with specimens and the ideas that flow from the analysis of the material. Confusing labels, like an inaccurate telephone book, lead to an unworkable system, so one must be careful in putting names or labels on things. But the act of doing so is not creating those specimens or the ideas associated with them; it is merely creating a convenient "handle" for purposes of communication".  The second femur, that of a juvenile, was assigned as the paratype, specimen NMV P186323. Some vertebrae from the site have been referred to the species, as well as some other South Australian material.

Description.

The holotype thighbone is 44 centimetres long. From this, a total length of the animal of 2.5 metres has been extrapolated. The slenderness of the bone suggest a lithe animal. The paratype femur is 19.5 centimetres long. The femora show several features that were considered diagnostic. There is no extensor groove between the condyles of the lower joint, which would have been a basal trait for an ornithomimosaur. The femoral head is anteroposteriorally flattened. The anterior trochanter is in a high position and reaches the level of the major trochanter. In 2016 the NMV P186303 specimen was estimated to be 4.3 meters (14 ft) long, and 200 kg (441 lbs) in weight.

Phylogeny.

In 1994, the describers assigned "Timimus" to the "Ornithomimosauridae", with which the Ornithomimidae were meant. Ornithomimosaur remains from Gondwana are rare and dubious; "Timimus" was thus presented as proof that the group was indeed present in the Southern Hemisphere and would even have originated there. Immediately, however, a position within the Ornithomimosauria was doubted by Thomas Holtz. Today, it is recognised that "Timimus" shares no derived traits, synapomorphies, with the Ornithomimosauria and thus any proof it would belong to this group is lacking. It perhaps belongs to some coelurosaurian group; some workers consider it a "nomen dubium". A 2012 study found it to be a valid tyrannosauroid, a conclusion supported by Delcourt and Grillo (2018).

Paleobiology.

The habitat of "Timimus" consisted of polar forests with mild summers but cold and dark winters due to the closer proximity of the area to the South Pole during the Early Cretaceous. In 1996, Anusuya Chinsamy, an expert on the microstructure of fossil bones, examined bone material from "Timimus" and "Leaellynasaura" and discovered they exhibited different bone histology. The ornithischian showed a continuous rate of bone deposition, while the coelurosaur had a cyclical pattern of bone formation, which suggested "Timimus" may have hibernated in colder months. A possible "Timimus hermani" or related form from the Strzelecki Group near Inverloch, Victoria left a fossil of the first phalanx of its third toe with a depressed fracture on the plantar surface.

Timimus is a genus of small coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Australia. It was originally identified as an ornithomimosaur, but now it is thought to be a different kind of theropod, possibly a tyrannosauroid.

Von diesem Dinosaurier sind bislang nur einzelne Oberschenkelknochen und bruchstückhafte Wirbel gefunden worden. Sie gehören zum Typusexemplar NMV P186303 von der Typlokalität Dinosaur Cove aus dem späten Aptium und frühen Albium, also der späten Unterkreide. Die Fossilien werden in das frühe Albium auf ein Alter von rund 113 bis 110 Millionen Jahre datiert.


Music.

Stravinsky began composing "Apollo" on 16 July 1927 and completed the score on 9 January 1928. He composed for a refined instrumental force, a string orchestra of 34 instrumentalists: 8 first violins, 8 second violins, 6 violas, 4 first cellos, 4 second cellos and 4 double basses.  The commission from the Library of Congress and underwritten by Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge paid him $1,000 for the piece, which was required to use only six dancers, require a small orchestra, and last no more than half an hour, but allowed him free choice of subject. Stravinsky had been thinking of writing a ballet on an episode in Greek mythology for some time and decided to make Apollo, leader of the muses, its central figure while reducing the number of muses from nine to three. They were Terpsichore, personifying the rhythm of poetry and the eloquence of gesture as embodied in the dance; Calliope, combining poetry and rhythm; and Polyhymnia, representing mime. Stravinsky explained the original title "Apollon Musagète" to mean "Apollo, Leader of the Muses".  Stravinsky wrote for a homogeneous ensemble of bowed string instruments, substituting contrasts in dynamics for the contrasts in timbre he employed in "Pulcinella". The ballet takes its inspiration from the grand tradition of French 17th- and 18th-century music, in particular that of Lully, a source Stravinsky returned to when composing "Agon" in 1957. The prologue begins with dotted rhythms in the style of a French overture. The work relies on a basic rhythmic cell, presented at the beginning of the work, which Stravinsky transforms by subdivisions of successive values that become increasingly complex. Stravinsky revised the score slightly in 1947. In 1963, he indicated he intended to make further changes, particularly with respect to double-dotting many of the dotted-rhythm passages in Baroque style.

Ballet.

The first ballet version of Stravinsky's "Apollon musagète", commissioned especially for the Washington festival, premiered on 27 April 1928 with choreography by Adolph Bolm, who also danced the role of Apollo. Adolph Bolm put together a company of dancers for the premiere in a country which, at that time, lacked a readily available source of classically trained dancers. Ruth Page, Berenice Holmes (Gene Kelly's ballet teacher), and Elise Reiman were the three Muses and Hans Kindler conducted. Stravinsky took no interest in the U.S. performance, and Bolm's choreography is now practically forgotten.  He had reserved the European rights to the score for Sergei Diaghilev, whose Ballets Russes production, choreographed by the 24-year-old Balanchine, opened at the Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt in Paris on 12 June 1928. Stravinsky conducted the performance. The concertmaster was Marcel Darrieux.  In accordance with Stravinsky's wishes, the style of dancing was essentially classical, and Stravinsky thought of ""Apollon musagète"" as a "ballet blanc", that is, costumed in traditional minimal white. Balanchine later said that when he heard Stravinsky's music all he could see was pristine white. The clarity, calm, even serenity of the music makes it seem infinitely remote from the colorful excitement of Stravinsky's earlier ballets. The avoidance of any conflict in the scenario, of any narrative, psychological or expressive intent, was further matched by monochrome costumes for the dancers and the absence of elaborate scenery on stage.  Scenery and costumes for Balanchine's production were by French artist André Bauchant. Coco Chanel provided new costumes in 1929. Apollo wore a reworked toga with a diagonal cut, a belt, and laced up. The Muses wore a traditional tutus. The decoration was baroque: two large sets, with some rocks and Apollo's chariot. In the dance a certain academicism resurfaced in the stretching out and upward leaping of the body, but the Balanchine bent the angles of the arms and hands to define instead the genre of neoclassical ballet.  The scenario involved the birth of Apollo, his interactions with the three Muses, Calliope (poetry), Polyhymnia (mime) and Terpsichore (dance and song), and his ascent as a god to Mount Parnassus. The original cast included Serge Lifar as Apollo, Alice Nikitina as Terpsichore (alternating with Alexandra Danilova), Lubov Tchernicheva as Calliope, Felia Doubrovska as Polyhymnia and Sophie Orlova as Leto, mother of Apollo.  For a revival with Mikhail Baryshnikov as Apollo in 1979, he also omitted Apollo's first variation and re-choreographed the ballet's ending. This revision concluded not with Apollo's ascent to Mount Parnassus but rather with moving the "peacock" "tableau" of the Muses in arabesques of ascending height beside Apollo, which originally happened slightly earlier, to the final pose. In the 1980 staging for the New York City Ballet, Apollo's first variation was restored.  Suzanne Farrell restored the birth scene for her company in 2001, as did Arthur Mitchell for his Dance Theatre of Harlem performance at Symphony Space's "Wall to Wall Balanchine" in conjunction with City Ballet's Balanchine centennial and Iain Webb for The Sarasota Ballet's Tribute to Nureyev performance in February 2015 (staged by Sandra Jennings).

Form.

The characters are Apollo and three muses: Calliope, the muse of poetry; Polyhymnia, the muse of rhetoric; and Terpsichore, the muse of dance. The theme is: Apollon musagetes instructs the muses in their arts and leads them to Parnassus. The ballet is divided into two "tableaux":

Further information.

Balanchine shortened the title to "Apollo" in the 1950s, which Stravinsky himself came to prefer. Despite the popularly considered Balanchine-Stravinsky Greek link due to Balanchine's later work with Stravinsky scores in "Orpheus" and "Agon", the music for "Apollo" was commissioned by the Library of Congress. "Orpheus" may be considered a sequel to "Apollo" but "Agon" is a formal plotless ballet whose title in Greek evokes a contest.

Recordings.

In light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts, New York City Ballet released a recording featuring Taylor Stanley, Tiler Peck, Brittany Pollack, and Indiana Woodward, filmed in 2019.

Apollo (originally Apollon musagète and variously known as "Apollo musagetes", "Apolo Musageta", and "Apollo, Leader of the Muses") is a neoclassical ballet in two "tableaux" composed between 1927 and 1928 by Igor Stravinsky. It was choreographed in 1928 by twenty-four-year-old George Balanchine, with the composer contributing the libretto. The scenery and costumes were designed by André Bauchant, with new costumes by Coco Chanel in 1929. The scenery was executed by Alexander Shervashidze, with costumes under the direction of Mme. A. Youkine. The American patron of the arts Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge had commissioned the ballet in 1927 for a festival of contemporary music to be held the following year at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.

Apollon musagète (französisch "Apollon, Führer der Musen") ist ein Ballett in 2 Bildern, das von Igor Strawinsky zwischen 1927 und 1928 komponiert wurde.


Geography.

Mingo Junction is located at (40.319869, -80.612240). It is in the Eastern time zone, and the average elevation is 797 ft. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of, of which is land and is water.

History.

The Mingo Indian tribe once had a settlement at the location of the present day village, which is the source of its name. Originally known as Mingo Bottom or Mingo Town, it was the starting point for the ill-fated Crawford expedition against hostile Indians in 1782, during the American Revolutionary War.  In 1770, George Washington set out on an expedition to explore the Ohio River Valley. On the 22nd day of October he camped overnight in what was known then as Mingo Town, describing it as blustery and cold with about 20 cabins and 70 inhabitants of the Iroquois Confederation. Washington wrote a complete account of his observations in a diary stored in the Library of Congress.  Mingo Junction was founded circa 1869 when an iron works was started there.  The population was 3,454 at the 2010 census. In 1900, its only manufacturing plant was a steel mill owned by Carnegie Steel Company. Past population figures are: 1900, 2,954; 1910, 4,049; 1940, 5,192.

Neighborhoods.

Altamont, Churchill, Hillsboro, Hunky Hill, North Hill, Sunrise Terrace Downtown, and Goulds

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 3,454 people, 1,488 households, and 948 families living in the village. The population density was. There were 1,675 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the village was 94.5% White, 3.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.  There were 1,488 households of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.3% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.89.  The median age in the village was 44.2 years. 21.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.4% were from 25 to 44; 29% were from 45 to 64; and 19.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,631 people, 1,542 households, and 1,062 families living in the village. The population density was 1,430.7 people per square mile (551.9/km2). There were 1,691 housing units at an average density of 666.3 per square mile (257.0/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.35% White, 3.00% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.03% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population.  There were 1,542 households out of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.1% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.84.  In the village, the population was spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males.  The median income for a household in the village was $30,196, and the median income for a family was $40,326. Males had a median income of $37,969 versus $20,809 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,062. About 10.8% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education.

Public education in the village of Mingo Junction is provided by the Indian Creek Local School District. Campuses serving the village include Hills Elementary School (Preschool-Grade 4), Indian Creek Middle School (Grades 5-8), and Indian Creek High School (Grades 9-12). Jefferson County Christian School was also located in the area until 2012. Until 2009, the Catholic school of St. Agnes (Pre-kindergarten to eighth grade) was part of the Steubenville Parochial School District.

Usage in film.

Mingo Junction served as the Pennsylvania steel mill town in the 1978 film "The Deer Hunter", which won the Academy Award for Best Picture and starred Robert De Niro, Meryl Streep, Christopher Walken, and John Cazale. Many of the scenes that took place in and around a steel mill were filmed in Mingo Junction. The 1979 film "Take Down", starring Lorenzo Lamas and Kevin Hooks, was set at Mingo Junction High School. Mingo was also the primary filming location for "Reckless", released in 1984 and starring Aidan Quinn and Daryl Hannah. Many scenes were set in Mingo Junction or nearby cities such as Steubenville, Ohio, and Weirton, West Virginia and Pittsburgh. Mingo Junction's movie credentials also include two 1983 films, "All the Right Moves" starring Tom Cruise and Craig T. Nelson and "Heart of Steel" with Peter Strauss and Pamela Reed.  In 2016, the village was visited and filmed for a Dutch television show called "Jensen kiest voor Amerika" (Jensen chooses for America).

Mingo Junction is a village in Jefferson County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. Mingo Junction is part of the Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,454 at the 2010 census.

Mingo Junction ist eine Ortschaft im Jefferson County, Ohio, Vereinigte Staaten entlang dem Ohio River. Die Bevölkerung betrug 3631 Einwohner bei der Volkszählung 2000.


History.

A post office called Morral has been in operation since 1877. The village was named after Samuel Morral, the original owner of the town site.

Geography.

Morral is located at (40.689435, -83.212985).  According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of, all land.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 399 people, 156 households, and 105 families living in the village. The population density was. There were 173 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the village was 96.5% White, 0.8% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.  There were 156 households of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.7% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.06.  The median age in the village was 39.3 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 32.1% were from 45 to 64; and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.6% male and 50.4% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 388 people, 147 households, and 114 families living in the village. The population density was 143.0 people per square mile (55.3/km). There were 154 housing units at an average density of 56.7 per square mile (21.9/km). The racial makeup of the village was 99.74% White and 0.26% Native American.  There were 147 households out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.7% were married couples living together, 4.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.8% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.03.  In the village, the population was spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 107.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.  The median income for a household in the village was $39,167, and the median income for a family was $39,861. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $18,977 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,272. About 6.7% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Morral is a village in Marion County, Ohio, United States. The population was 399 at the 2010 census. Morral is served by Ridgedale Local School District.

Morral ist ein Dorf im Marion County, Ohio, Vereinigte Staaten. Die Bevölkerung betrug 388 Einwohner nach der Zählung im Jahr 2000.