1960–1969.

1965.

On the evening of November 9, the Northeast blackout of 1965

1969.

On August 5, a 50-mile stretch of Florida's gold coast was hit with a general power failure after an explosion at the Cutler Ridge

1970–1979.

1971.

On the evening of February 2, power in parts of the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, The Bronx and Queens was lost following an explosion at Con Ed's Waterside power facility on 40th Street and 1st Avenue in Manhattan. New York City television and FM radio stations that transmit from the Empire State Building were off the air. AM radio stations were largely unaffected, as

1976.

On July 4, a major power failure affected

1977.

On May 10, a nationwide blackout that lasted 5 hours affected Romania, causing US$1 billion losses, larger than the earthquake that had hit the country on March 4. The subsequent investigations showed it had been caused by a human error.  On May 17, parts of South Florida were blacked-out after a malfunctioning relay caused the Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station in Miami to go offline.  On July 13–14 in New York City,

1980–1989.

1981.

On January 8, prisoners on a work assignment burning trash and debris at the Utah State Prison in Draper, Utah, accidentally caused a major power

1982.

On December 22, a transmission tower near Tracy, California collapsed onto an adjacent tower bringing down two 500-kV lines

1983.

On December 27, two-thirds of the Swedish network was shut down when a single component in

1985.

On May 17, most of South Florida was blacked-out after a brush fire in the Everglades damaged

1987.

On October 16, the Great Storm of 1987 interrupted the High Voltage Cross-Channel

1989.

On March 13, the March 1989 geomagnetic storm caused the Hydro-Québec power failure which left seven million people in the Canadian province

1990–1999.

1991.

On July 7, a powerful wind storm affected a large portion

1992.

On August 24, Hurricane Andrew made landfall on Elliott Key. As it passed over the northern Florida Keys it downed 17 miles of power lines, breaking the wooden poles they were strung on, along a path that was in four feet of water, stretching from the Turkey Point Nuclear Plant southward to the upper Keys. The shallow depth prevented the use of large construction barge cranes for rebuilding the power pylons but the water was too deep for

1995.

On October 4, Hurricane Opal, which killed at least 59

1996.

On July 2–3 in the United States, Canada and Mexico there were 2 million people that lost power due to a transmission line overheating in Idaho and a 230-kV line between Montana and Idaho tripping. Some customers were without power for minutes, while others were without for hours.  On

1998.

The early-January North American Ice Storm of 1998 caused prolonged blackouts in northeastern North America, particularly in Quebec, where many transmission towers were destroyed by ice. Over 3.5 million customers in total lost power during the event.  From February 19 to March 27, the 1998 Auckland power crisis resulted in the entire Auckland Central Business District in Auckland, New Zealand being without power for several weeks, after a line failure caused a chain reaction leading to the failure of three other lines.  On May 31, a powerful wind storm caused a

1999.

The 1999 Southern Brazil blackout was a widespread power outage (the largest ever at the time) that occurred in Brazil on March 11 to June 22, 1999. The blackout involved São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul, affecting an estimated 75 to 97 million people and it lasted 103 days. A chain reaction was started when a lightning strike occurred at 22h 16m at an electricity substation in Bauru, São Paulo State causing

2000–2009.

2000.

On May 9, a major power outage left the entire southern half of Portugal, including Lisbon, without power for a few hours. The blackout occurred shortly after 10 pm local time. The "apagão" (translated as "super outage"), suddenly plunged Lisbon in complete darkness. Stalled commuter trains and traffic light failures wreaked some havoc in the

2001.

On January 2, a fault in the transmission system in the state of Uttar Pradesh led to cascading failure throughout northern India.  On May 20 to August 28, a problem

2002.

On January 30, a major ice storm hit Kansas City, Missouri, knocking trees into power lines and blowing-up transformers throughout the city. The outage affected more than 270,000 people.  On

2003.

On July 22, a severe wind storm disrupted power to over 300,000 customers in the Memphis, Tennessee, metropolitan area.  On August 14–28, the Northeast blackout of 2003, a wide-area power failure in the northeastern US and central Canada, affected over 55 million people, 14 days fully restored.  On September 2, the 2003 southern Malaysia blackout resulted when a

2004.

On July 12, two power plants in Lavrio and Megalopolis, Greece, shut down due to malfunction within 12 hours of each other,

2005.

The 2005 Malaysia electricity blackout crisis caused electricity to fail in many states of Malaysia's northern peninsula, including Perak, Penang, Kedah, and Perlis. This was due to a fault of the main cable transmission line grid near Serendah, Selangor.  In January, a cyber attack disrupted power service in three cities north of Rio de Janeiro, affecting tens of thousands of people.  On May 25–August 3, the 2005 Moscow power blackouts ten-week-long power

2006.

On August 1, in the Laurentians, in the province of Québec, Canada, a large number (146,000, at its peak in the evening of August 1) of households were left without electricity for a whole day, and some for up to a week, due to intense thunderstorms that rolled through southern Quebec, including the greater Montreal area. Over 450,000 customers in total were affected.  On August 2, nearly a quarter million customers of Hydro One lost power after severe thunderstorms that included tornadoes and damaging wind ripped through southern and eastern Ontario.  On August 14, a floating crane hit and broke a transmission line across the Edo River, interrupting power to 1,391,000 customers in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, including Tokyo, Yokohama and part of Kawasaki and Ichikawa. Power was restored to all but

2007.

On January 16–March 24, power was cut to 200,000 people in the Australian state of Victoria when bushfires caused the state's electricity connection to the national grid to shut down.  On April 26, Colombia experienced a nationwide blackout at approximately 10:15 am local time, caused by an undetermined technical failure at a substation in the capital city, Bogota, Colombia. Power returned to most parts of the country after several hours.  On July 23, the city of Barcelona suffered a near-total blackout. Several areas remained without electricity for more than 78 hours due to a massive electrical substation chain failure.

2008.

On February 20, coal supplies to some power plants in Java were stopped, as ships could not dock at ports due to large waves. This resulted in an electricity deficit of about 1,000 megawatts, and the power supply was shut off in several areas to protect the aging infrastructure. This affected the Indonesian capital, Jakarta.  On February 26, a failed switch and fire at an electrical substation outside Miami triggered widespread blackouts in parts of Florida affecting four million people. The nuclear reactors at Turkey Point power plant were shut down on the day. The failure disrupted power to customers in 35 southern Florida counties and spread into the northern Florida peninsula. The affected region ultimately ranged from Miami to Tampa on the state's west coast and Brevard County on the east coast.  On April 2, 2008 around 420,000 households were left without power in Melbourne and in other parts of Victoria after the state was hit by winds of up to 130 km/h.  On April 8, from around 3:30 am, around 400,000 persons were left without power in the city of Szczecin and its surroundings

2009.

On January 23, a severe windstorm knocked out power to 1.2 million customers in parts of France.  On January 27, an ice storm hit Kentucky and in Southern Indiana knocking out power to about 769,000. As of February 15, about 12,000 were still without power from this storm.  On January 27–31, hundreds of thousands of homes in Victoria, including Melbourne, suffered various power failures as a result of a record heat wave. It is estimated that over 500,000 residents in Melbourne were without power for the evening of January 30, 2009. The outage affected much of central Melbourne with train and tram services cancelled, the evacuation of Crown

2010–2019.

2010.

On January 30, two separate transmission lines were hit by lightning, blacking-out the Northern Territory city of Darwin and the nearby cities of Katherine and Palmerston starting at about 6:00 am. Power was restored to all areas by 4:30 pm.  In early February, a pair of blizzards hit the Northeastern US on February 5–6 and again just a few days later on February 9–10. Among the hardest hit areas was the Baltimore–Washington corridor, with well over 200,000 people impacted at the height of the outages and about two-thirds of those without power for periods lasting from half a day to several days. Other urban areas, such as Pittsburgh, were also affected.  On March 14, the March 2010 Chile blackout left roughly 15 million people, about 90% of the population of Chile, without power when a major transformer failed in southern Chile. Power began to be restored

2011.

On February 2, in Texas, forced outages at two major coal-fired power plants and high electricity demand due to cold weather caused rolling blackouts affecting more than one million customers.  On February 3, Cyclone Yasi hit communities in North Queensland, Australia. The cyclone winds reached 300 km/h (186mp/h) and caused widespread damage through many communities. 170,000 homes lost electricity.  On February 4, at least eight states in northeastern Brazil – Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe – suffered a major blackout from around midnight to 4:00 am. It is estimated that 53 million people were affected. Major cities Salvador, Recife, and Fortaleza were completely out of power.  On February 22 at 12:51, a 6.3-magnitude earthquake struck Christchurch, New Zealand. Over 80 percent of the city (approximately 160,000 customers) lost power. Most power was restored within five days, though some central city areas were still without power as late as May 1.  On April 27, one of the United States' most devastating tornado outbreaks disrupted power to most of northern Alabama; some 311 high-tension electrical transmission towers

2012.

On January 14–April 27, a 380 kV transformer failure in Bursa Natural Gas Fueled Combined Cycle PP in Turkey, was accused of voltage deviations in the interconnected power grid that resulted in a blackout. Another failure occurred in 154 kV Babaeski substation which caused a blackout in Thrace. 6 cities and more than 20 million people were affected by the Marmara blackout of 2012. The power was back in all cities in the evening. The blackout disrupted metro and tram operation in Istanbul. Also gas heating systems did not work during the blackout. The problem was resolved by getting electricity from Bulgaria to Thrace and feeding lines in İstanbul from Ambarlı Natural Gas PP in İstanbul, 104 days fully restored.  On April 4, a blackout hit every city in Cyprus after the Dhekelia power station failed. There was a lack of electric power from 4:42 to 9:20 am.  On June 29, a line of thunderstorms with hurricane-force winds swept

2013.

Over the weekend of January 26 – February 5 ex-Tropical Cyclone Oswald caused the loss of power to over 250,000 customers in South East Queensland, Australia. Power was gradually restored over about 10 days.  On February 8–9, some 650,000 homes and businesses in the northeastern US lost power as the result of a powerful nor'easter that brought hurricane-force wind gusts and more than two feet of snow to New England.  On March 22, 2013, 200,000 homes in the Greater Belfast area lost power as the result of a fault with the high-voltage transmission network during a snow storm.  On March 28, 2013, a nationwide blackout occurred in Trinidad and Tobago, which was reportedly caused by low gas pressure around 12:37 am AST. The outage stemmed from two causes: a problem with the gas supply from Phoenix Park Gas Processors Ltd, which affected Trinidad, and a subsequent problem at the Cove power plant, which affected Tobago. T&TEC was able to restart the generators at Cove soon after, restoring power to the island from as early as 1 am. The final customer came back on at approximately 3 am. In Trinidad, T&TEC said the restoration started at approximately 4.45 am, as there was some delay in restarting the generators at the PowerGen plant in Point Lisas. Around 11 am, approximately 90% of customers in Trinidad were back on with their electricity supply.

2014.

On February 27, parts of Mindanao, an island in the Philippines, suffered power outages for 6 hours. By 12:00 pm (PST+8) around 70 percent of its entire grid has been restored. The Department of Energy (DOE) were still investigating what caused the widespread blackout in Mindanao.  On July 15, sixty percent of the power grid in Luzon island in the Philippines was lost due to Typhoon Rammasun (Glenda) that devastated the Southern part of Luzon where many power plants are located, such as the Geothermal Plant in the Bicol Region and the Coal Plant in Batangas.  On July 21, a major power outage cut power to homes in the United Kingdom. London, Essex, Kent and surrounding areas had no power for about half an hour during the two outages. The cause was revealed to be schoolchildren who set fire to books near power lines in Havering, East London.  On August 12, Malta suffered a nationwide power outage for almost 6 hours. Power was lost across Malta and Gozo at 7:50 pm and restored to most areas by 1:30 am. Due to problems with emergency generators, Malta International

2015.

On January 26, 80% of Pakistan (some 140 million people) were without power due to technical fault at a power station in Sindh.  On February 11, a technical problem in one of the main power grids in Kuwait caused most of the country to lose power.  On March 27, a technical problem in one of the main power grids in North Holland caused 1 million households to not have power for at least one hour.  On March 31, because of technical problems, over 90% of Turkey (about 70 million people) went without power.

2016.

On June 7, Kenya went without power for over 4 hours. The nationwide blackout was caused when a rogue monkey entered a power station. Only about 10 million citizens were affected by the outage as the World Bank estimates that only 23% of the country's population have access to electricity.  On Thursday, September 1, Hurricane Hermine swept across the Florida Panhandle, directly affecting the state's capital of Tallahassee. Hermine disrupted power for more than 350,000 people in Florida and southern Georgia, many of whom were without power for a week.  On September 21, 2016, a full power system collapse occurred on the island of Puerto Rico affected its

2017.

On March 1, a severe thunderstorm with conditions similar to Typhoon Fitow affected New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Maryland, Vermont and Pennsylvania. This left 10 million without electricity. Power was restored the next week. On March 8, a severe winter windstorm interrupted power for about 1 million customers in the state of Michigan, US. About 730,000 were still without power the next day.  On July 1, Central American countries felt a 6-hour power outage to millions, Panama stated power was returned by GMT 00 Hrs. On July 8, an explosion at a Northridge power plant causes a widespread power outage in the San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles. (LA Times)(Sky News)  On July 27 a crew working on the replacement for the Herbert C. Bonner Bridge in the Outer Banks of North Carolina, U.S., severed a power cable and caused a blackout on the Outer Banks islands which affected more than 7,000 people during the peak of tourist season. The outage lasted eight days.  On

2018.

On January 10, January 21, and February 27, there was a complete power outage in Sudan.  On March 2, a Nor'easter struck the east coast of the U.S, leaving over 2 million people without power. On March 21, a power outage struck large swaths of Brazil, affecting tens of millions of people, especially in the country's northern and northeastern regions. The blackout was due to the failure of a transmission line near the massive Belo Monte hydroelectric station.  On April 12, 870,000 customers in Puerto Rico lost power when a tree fell on a major power line near the town of Cayey while workers were clearing vegetation. A week later, on April 18, power was lost to all of Puerto Rico when an excavator repairing 2017 damage from Hurricane Maria hit a line connecting two major power plants. After a request by Governor Ricardo Rossello, the government electricity monopoly, PREPA, terminated its relationship with D. Grimm, the subcontractor responsible for both incidents.  On July 3 from around 00:20 till around 8:00, nearly the whole of Azerbaijan, except Nakchivan (which had its own independent station) and Artsakh (which was not under Azerbaijani control), had a major power outage. The reason was unexpectedly high temperatures which could not be handled by Mingachevir Electric Station (the main electricity supplier of country). Although outage lasted for quite long, it didn't cause any serious problems. Engineers started recovering

2019.

On March 7, Venezuela was affected by the first in a series of concurrent, nation-wide blackouts. The first large outage was partially resolved by March 14, but smaller outages persisted in some regions for days afterwards, and a second multi-day outage began on March 25. During the month of March, Venezuela was without power for at least 10 days overall. The blackouts stemmed from the failure of Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant (Guri Dam) in the state of Bolívar, and left most of the country of nearly 32 million in darkness. By March 12, power began returning to some parts of the country, but Caracas remained only partially powered and western Venezuela remained dark. Government officials claimed the blackout was "an act of sabotage," while experts attributed the failure to aging infrastructure and insufficient maintenance. At least 43 deaths were attributed to the initial wave of blackouts. The last reported nationwide blackout for Venezuela in 2019 occurred on July 22, but was resolved the following day, back power restored on December 31 last year in late 2019.  On June 9, 350,000 people in Dallas County, Texas lost power after a severe thunderstorm downed hundreds of trees across the area. 200,000 remained without power on the evening of June 10 and 16,000 on the afternoon of June 12 restored. 41% of traffic signals in the city of Dallas were affected; 496 were temporarily inoperable and 168 reverted to flashing red signals.  On June 16, the entirety of Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay were affected by a blackout, leaving an estimated total of 48 million people without electrical supply. The cause remains unknown.  July 19 through July 20: Severe thunderstorms, tornadoes and floods caused damage and power outages throughout Wisconsin on Friday, July 19, 2019 and Saturday, July 20, 2019, disrupting power to more than 277,000 customers during the peak of the outage. Governor Tony Evers declared a statewide state of emergency, with preliminary estimates of damage and cleanup costs of $5.3 million. Some affected customers were still without power a week later.  On July 19, storms and high winds in Michigan caused loss of power to roughly 600,000 to 800,000 customers and left many still without power for 6 days, the second highest number of storm related outages in Michigan power company DTE Energy Co.'s history.  July 22 through July

This is a list of notable wide-scale power outages. To be included, the power outage must conform to "all" of the following criteria: In other words:

Die Liste historischer Stromausfälle umfasst Ereignisse, bei denen es zu einem großflächigen Stromausfall aufgrund einer unbeabsichtigten Unterbrechung der Versorgung mit elektrischer Energie kam.


Course.

The Attawapiskat River travels a distance of, and has a drainage area of.  The source of the river is Attawapiskat Lake at an elevation of. The main rivers flowing into the lake that are thus part of the Attawapiskat River drainage basin are the Marten-Drinking River, the Otoskwin River and the Pineimuta River.  There are two outflows from the Attawapiskat Lake into the Attawapiskat River: a southern and a northern channel. The southern channel is named by the Atlas of Canada as the Attawapiskat River, and is the source location listed in the Infobox at right. The northern channel is named by the Atlas of Canada as the North Channel, and is the more easily navigated route for canoeing. The North Channel outflow from Attawapiskat Lake is at and consists of two short streams that lead into Windsor Lake. The elevation of the river drops significantly along these two outflow channels, descending from the higher ground of the Canadian Shield to the flatter and more boggy Hudson Bay Lowlands. After a series of rapids, the North Channel rejoins the Attawapiskat River (the southern channel) at at an elevation of.  The river continues east, and makes a bend to the north at Pym Island at at an elevation of. The Streatfeild River joins from the right at an elevation of, and the outlet river from McFaulds Lake, centre of the Northern Ontario Ring of Fire geological area, joins from the left further downstream at at an elevation of. Further downstream, the river then heads east once again. The Muketei River joins the Attawapiskat from the left at at an elevation of, and the Missisa River joins from the right further downstream at at an elevation of.  At at an elevation of the Lawashi Channel begins and takes part of the Attawapiskat's flow into the Lawashi River at a point upstream of that river's mouth at James Bay. The mouth of the Lawashi River is approximately southeast of the mouth of the Attawapiskat. After the Lawashi Channel branching, the main river continues east, past the community of Attawapiskat upstream from the mouth, and exits into the James Bay at the Akimiski Strait, across from Akimiski Island.

Geology.

Less than from its mouth, the Attawapiskat has carved out several clusters of spectacular high limestone islands, nicknamed by canoeists the "Birthday Cakes". The formations are unique to the region, the Swampy Cree (Omushkegowuk) word for which, "tawâpiskâ" (as ""kâh-tawâpiskâk"" in its Conjunct form and as ""êh-tawâpiskât"" in its Participle form), gives name to the river.  The Attawapiskat kimberlite field lies astride the river.

Economy.

Otoskwin/Attawapiskat River Provincial Park includes parts of the river from Attawapiskat Lake to a point just upstream of the confluence with the Muketei River.  Since June 26, 2008, the De Beers Victor Diamond Mine, in the Attawapiskat kimberlite field, has operated near the river about west of the community of Attawapiskat. The mine was expected to produce of diamonds a year.

The Attawapiskat River () is a river in Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada, that flows east from Attawapiskat Lake to James Bay.

Der Attawapiskat River ist ein Fluss im Kenora District im Norden von Ontario in Kanada. Er fließt vom See Attawapiskat Lake in östlicher Richtung zur James Bay.


Award statute.

The honorary title "Honoured Military Pilot of the USSR" was awarded to members of military flying units, military agencies, military schools, military organizations and other military or federal authorities, having qualified military pilots 1st class or military pilot-instructors 1st class, for outstanding achievements in the development of aviation technology, high performance in education and training of flight personnel and long-term trouble-free flight operations in military aviation.  The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was the main conferring authority of the award based on recommendations from the Ministry of Defence of the USSR.  The chest badge "Honoured Military Pilot of the USSR" was worn on the right side of the chest and in the presence of other orders, placed over them. If worn with honorary titles of the Russian Federation, the latter have precedence.

Award description.

The "Honoured Military Pilot of the USSR" chest badge was a 27-millimetre-wide by 23-millimetre-high silver-and-nickel polygon with raised edges. At the top of the obverse, the relief inscription in three lines covered to the left "Honoured MILITARY PILOT" (), in the center, the gilt tombac image of a jet plane climbing diagonally towards the right its nose and tail slightly protruding over the edges, at the bottom, the relief inscription "USSR" () superimposed over a laurel branch.  The badge was secured to a standard Soviet square mount by a silver-plated ring through the suspension loop. The mount was covered by a silk moiré red ribbon.

The Honorary Title "Honoured Military Pilot of the USSR" () was a state military award of the Soviet Union established on January 26, 1965 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet No 3230-VI to recognise and reward excellence in military aviation. It was abolished on August 22, 1988, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet No 9441-XI.

Der Ehrentitel Verdienter Militärflieger der UdSSR () war eine staatliche militärische Auszeichnung der Sowjetunion, welche in Form einer Medaille am Band am 26. Januar 1965 gestiftet wurde. Unter den Trägern des Ehrentitels befand sich auch Juri Gagarin.


Biography.

Gibson was born in Salisbury, North Carolina, and relocated with his family to Chicago in 1949. His mother gave him his first lessons in playing the guitar.  His early influences included Sunnyland Slim, Muddy Waters, Lefty Bates, Matt Murphy, and Wayne Bennett. Gibson's earliest work was as a session musician, playing mainly rhythm guitar. In 1963 alone, he recorded backing for Willie Mabon, Billy "The Kid" Emerson and Buddy Guy.  Gibson's own recording debut was also in 1963, with Chess Records, which recorded his song "My Love Is Real", with Buddy Guy on guitar. The track remained unreleased at that time, and when it was finally issued, initial pressings credited the work to Guy. Two self-released singles followed. Gibson recorded his debut album, "Wishing Ring", in 1971. It was released by El Saturn Records, which was partly owned by the musician Sun Ra, who was then Gibson's brother-in-law. The family connection continued when Ra recorded a song co-written by Gibson, "I'm Gonna Unmask the Batman". In the 1970s, Gibson also played alongside Willie James Lyons at the Poinciana on the West Side.  In 1977, Ralph Bass produced another album for Gibson, but it was not released until 1996, when it was issued by Delmark Records. He played on Son Seals's 1978 album "Live and Burning". Alligator Records included four tracks by Gibson on its 1980 compilation album "Living Chicago Blues, Vol. 3".  Gibson's album "Switchy Titchy" was released in 1982 by Black Magic Records, a Dutch label. His appearances after the release were constrained by health problems, but he performed around Chicago, on his own or backing Billy Boy Arnold and Big Time Sarah. Gibson played at the Chicago Blues Festival in 2004. He also operated the Chicago after-hours nightclub Ann's Love Nest with his wife, for whom it was named.  Gibson died of a heart attack in Chicago on April 11, 2011, aged 74.

Lacy Gibson (May 1, 1936 – April 11, 2011) was an American Chicago blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. He notably recorded the songs "My Love Is Real" and "Switchy Titchy" and in a long and varied career worked with Buddy Guy and Son Seals.

Lacy Gibson (* 1. Mai 1936 in Salisbury (North Carolina); † 11. April 2011 in Chicago) war ein US-amerikanischer Bluesmusiker (Gitarre und Gesang).


History.

The song was originally written for an amateur minstrel show in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was not an immediate success, but Harris published it himself and arranged for it to be interpolated into the touring musical production of "A Trip to Chinatown", in which it was sung by J. Aldrich Libbey. Its popularity grew when it was performed regularly by John Philip Sousa and his band at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago. In England, it was promoted by George Lashwood. Successful recordings in 1893 were by George J. Gaskin and by John Yorke AtLee.  The song was later famously used in the musical "Show Boat" to exemplify the 1890s style of music. There it was performed by Norma Terris. In the 1936 film version of the musical, it was performed by Irene Dunne, and in the 1951 film version, by Kathryn Grayson. Only the first verse and chorus were sung in "Show Boat".  It was also sung by Alice Faye in the 1940 biographical musical film, "Lillian Russell". The song is also heard in the 1936 movie, "San Francisco". In the HBO series "Carnivàle", the second episode of the first season is titled "After the Ball is Over," and a fragment is sung at the end of the episode. In the last scene of an episode of Season 10 of "Murdoch Mysteries", Dr. Julia Ogden plays the song on a gramophone as she removes for examination the brain of a serial killer on the autopsy table.

Lyrics.

<poem>;Verse 1 A little maiden climbed an old man's knee, Begged for a story—"Do, Uncle, please. Why are you single; why live alone? Have you no babies; have you no home?" "I had a sweetheart years, years ago; Where she is now pet, you will soon know. List' to my story, I'll tell it all, I found her faithless, after the ball." After the ball is over, After the break of morn— After the dancers' leaving; After the stars are gone; Many a heart is aching, If you could read them all; Many the hopes that have vanished, After the ball. Bright lights were flashing in the grand ballroom, Softly the music playing sweet tunes. There came my sweetheart, my love, my own— "I wish some water; leave me alone." When I returned dear there stood a man, Kissing my sweetheart as lovers can. Down fell the glass dear, broken, that's all, Just as my heart was after the ball. Long years have passed child, I've never wed. True to my lost love though she is dead. She tried to tell me, tried to explain; I would not listen, pleadings were vain. One day a letter came from that man, He was her brother—the letter ran. That's why I'm lonely, no home at all; I broke her heart dear, after the ball. </poem>

Parody.

The popularity of the song made it a natural for contemporary parody. A common version was:  <poem>After the ball was over, after the break of morn, After the dancers' leaving, after the stars are gone; Many a heart is aching, if you could read them all; Many the hopes that have vanished, after the ball.  After the ball was over, Bonnie took out her glass eye, Put her false teeth in the water, hung up her wig to dry; Placed her false arm on the table, laid her false leg on the chair; After the party was over, Bonnie was only half there!</poem>  Alternative parody verse 2 of above: <poem>After the ball was over, Bonnie took out her glass eye, Put her false teeth in the basin, corked up a bottle of dye Put her false leg in the corner, hung up her hair on the wall And all that was left went to bye byes after the ball.</poem>  Alternative parody verse:  <poem>After the ball is over, see her take out her glass eye, Put her false teeth in some water, cork up a bottle of dye, Hang her false hair in the wardrobe then she takes off her false leg, Half of my rose on the table, the other half in bed.</poem>  Alternative parody verse:  <poem>After the ball was over, Bonnie took out her glass eye, Put her false teeth in water, Hung up her wig to dry Put her peg leg in the corner Hung her tin ear on the wall And then what was left Crawled into bed after the ball</poem

After the Ball is a popular song written in 1891 by Charles K. Harris. The song is a classic waltz in 3/4 time. In the song, an uncle tells his niece why he has never married. He saw his sweetheart kissing another man at a ball, and he refused to listen to her explanation. Many years later, after the woman had died, he discovered that the man was her brother.

After the Ball ist ein Musikstück des US-amerikanischen Komponisten Charles K. Harris aus dem Jahr 1892. Innerhalb weniger Jahre verkaufte das Stück über 5 Millionen Exemplare als Notenausgabe. Es gilt damit als der erste Millionenerfolg der Musikgeschichte und wird zugleich häufig als erster Tin-Pan-Alley-Hit eingestuft.


Description.

Distinctive mask-like face markings distinguish the Chinese ferret-badger from most other oriental mustelids, although the other members of the genus "Melogale" have similar facial markings. The average body size of the Chinese ferret-badger is with a tail of.

Distribution and habitat.

The Chinese ferret-badger lives in grassland, open forests, and tropical rainforests from north-eastern India to southern China, including Hong Kong, Taiwan, and northern Indochina. They tolerate human disturbance well, and temporarily reside in agricultural areas such as rice paddies, soybean, cotton, or grass fields.  The ferret badger acclimates well to areas of human habitation, taking advantage of human-made sites suitable as resting spots, such as firewood stacks and rock piles, and using farmland and vegetable gardens as feeding sites. Ferret badgers create limited conflicts with surrounding human populations, as they rarely prey on chickens or livestock, and tend to not damage property.

Behaviour and ecology.

The Chinese ferret-badger is active at dusk and at night. It is a good climber. When alarmed it emits foul-smelling anal secretions. It rests during the day in burrows, such as small rodents' dens, or natural formations, such as rock crevices. They also construct makeshift shelters in shallow depressions in the ground.  They have small home ranges that, according to the results of a study from 1994–1996, average around in area. The home ranges of male and female ferret badgers overlap, suggesting a lack of territoriality between members of the species. Despite their small home ranges, however, ferret badgers are relatively nomadic creatures, moving from one resting spot to the next without establishing permanent residence. Ferret badgers may establish single-use resting spots, or choose to inhabit a particular place for a period of several days.

Diet.

The Chinese ferret-badger feeds on fruit, insects, small animals, and worms. Earthworms, amphibians and insects are important components of its diet. It also eats fleshy fruits such as of Chinese plum, oriental raisin tree, date-plum and Chinese kiwi.

Reproduction.

Chinese ferret-badgers mate in March. The female gives birth to a litter of up to 3 young in May or June. The new-borns are blind and well-furred, with the same color pattern as the adults. The kits eyes open at about two weeks of age.

Threats.

Ferret badgers are among the most hunted fur-bearing animals in Southern China, but maintain relatively high population densities in part due to their nearly-inedible meat and the low prices of their pelts.  The Chinese ferret-badger is associated with reported outbreaks of human rabies in Southeastern China which were first reported in 1997 and the most recent case in 2008. There have been no reported deaths in these cases; however, there is currently no rabies vaccine for ferret-badgers.

The Chinese ferret-badger ("Melogale moschata"), also known as the small-toothed ferret-badger is a member of the Mustelidae, and widely distributed in Southeast Asia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and considered tolerant of modified habitat.

Der Chinesische Sonnendachs ("Melogale moschata") ist eine Marderart aus der Gattung der Sonnendachse. Man findet sie in Südchina und angrenzenden Teilen Südostasiens.


Life.

The Siebolds were a family of renowned scholars from Würzburg, Germany. Heinrich was the second son of the famous German physician and pioneer of Japanese studies Philipp Franz von Siebold, who died in 1866. He was born in Boppard at the Rhine river and spent his youth in Bonn and Würzburg. In 1869, just 17, without finishing his Abitur (high-school degree) or any higher education, he arrived in Japan, a year after the political and cultural opening up of the country in the Meiji Era. After his arrival, Heinrich entered the diplomatic service of the Austrian-Hungarian embassy in Tokyo as dragoman. Like his father before him, he became one of the most distinguished German researchers on Japan. His antiquarian interest made him a vivid collector of Japanese ethnological items, art, and coins. Heinrich is credited with creating the Japanese-term for archaeology, "kōkogaku", via his 1879 book "Kōko setsuryaku".  In 1899, he asked for early retirement due to his health. In the year before, he had married Euphemia Carpenter, the widow of a British officer. She bought Freudenstein Castle close to Bozen in South Tyrol, where they spent comfortably their last years surrounded by his rich collections. He was a well-recognized adviser in Far Eastern affairs, and a guide and translator for important visitors from Japan and China. Siebold served many of the European state visitors to whom he attended as a purchasing advisor, including the heir to the Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand when the latter visited Japan in 1893 during his world voyage.  On August 11, 1908, he died on Freudenstein Castle, his widow followed soon. In March 1909, his collections were sold in Vienna "Au Mikado" and dispersed in trade.

Antiquarian interest in Japanese culture.

Many Museums in Europe benefited from his collecting efforts in early Meiji Japan and from his generosity. In 1873, on the occasion of Japan's first participation at the World exhibition in Vienna, he donated collections of Japanese and Far Eastern coins to the Grand-Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Carl Alexander, to the King of Württemberg and the Grand-Duke of Baden.  Carl Alexander deposited his collection with his Grand Ducal Oriental Coin Cabinet at Jena University. In the early 1880s, Siebold made arrangements with several German museums to collect for them. In 1883, he organized an exhibition of his collection in the Museum of Kunstgewerbe und Industrie in Vienna, a collection that he wanted to sell to the Austrian state, but his offer was rejected. Nevertheless, he later donated his collection to Vienna, where it is now an important part of the collections of the Kunsthistorisches Museum. In 1885, a second much larger collection of Far Eastern and Japanese coins charms and amulets assembled by Siebold, arrived at the Oriental Coin Cabinet Jena, where it is still preserved.

Heinrich Philipp von Siebold (July 21, 1852 – August 11, 1908) was a German antiquary, collector and translator in the service of the Austrian Embassy in Tokyo.

Heinrich (Henry) Philipp von Siebold, ab 1889 Freiherr von Siebold (* 21. Juli 1852 in Boppard; † 11. August 1908 auf Schloss Freudenstein in Eppan) führte Teile der Forschungen seines Vaters fort und gilt neben Edward S. Morse als einer der Begründer der Archäologie in Japan.


History.

With the outbreak of World War II, in 1939 the Federal Government formed the Commonwealth Land Transport Board (CLTB) to take responsibility for the country's land transport networks. It had the power to override the decisions of the State railways. In 1942, the CLTB appointed the Commissioner of Railways in Western Australia, Joseph Ellis, to investigate the capacity of Australia's narrow gauge network and recommend what locomotives should be purchased. Ellis recommended that three variations of Garratt locomotive be purchased; heavy, medium and light.  The CLTB elected to build only the light type to allow it to operate on any narrow gauge line in Australia. After an attempt to obtain drawings and licenses from Beyer, Peacock and Company failed, in July 1942 the CLTB recommended to the War Cabinet that 30 locomotives be built locally. In August 1942, the War Cabinet approved the order, this was increased to 65 locomotives in November 1942. The Western Australian Government Railways' Chief Mechanical Engineer Frederick Mills was seconded to lead a team of engineers in Melbourne to design the new locomotive. The Queensland Railways were vocal opponents, stating its preference for a modified version of its C17 class.  The result was the Australian Standard Garratt, with the first locomotive being built in a record breaking four months to enter service in September 1943. Only 57 ASGs were completed, with assembly of the remaining eight cancelled at the end of the war. The locomotives were built by the WAGR's Midland Railway Workshops (10), the Victorian Railways' Newport Workshops (12), the South Australian Railways' Islington Railway Workshops (13), and Clyde Engineering, Sydney (22).

In service.

Because of differences between the states, especially in regard to loading gauges, the sharpness of curves, and axle load, especially in Queensland, the design had to be a compromise, which went against the idea of having a standardised design.  To enable the long-wheelbase engine units to negotiate sharp curves, the leading driving wheels were designed to be flangeless, but this proved to be a major flaw as it led to a tendency for the locomotives to derail on curves and points. Another key problem, which made the ASGs unpopular with locomotive crews, was the fact that the firebox door opened flat on the floor of the driving cab, maximising heat radiation into the crew compartment. This resulted in them having fairly short lives with most withdrawn by the mid-1950s. Some were resold for use on the Emu Bay and Fyansford Cement Works Railways where they would have more successful careers.

Queensland Railways.

The Queensland Railways purchased 23. One was never used and another saw only two months service. In September 1945, the drivers' union placed a ban on them. Attempts to modify them proved unsuccessful, and they were written off in 1948. Three were sold to the Emu Bay Railway and six to the Tasmanian Government Railways, with the remainder scrapped in 1954/55.

Tasmanian Government Railways.

The Tasmanian Government Railways purchased 14 new and another six second-hand from the Queensland Railways. Two were sold to the Emu Bay Railway with the remainder scrapped in the late 1950s.

Western Australian Government Railways.

The Western Australian Government Railways purchased 25. They were unpopular with crews, and their use through the state's only tunnel at Swan View caused serious problems, resulting in deaths, industrial disputes, and a Royal Commission.  Six were sold to the South Australian Railways in 1952 with the last withdrawn from the WAGR in January 1957.

Emu Bay Railway.

The Emu Bay Railway purchased three second-hand from the Queensland Railways and two from the Tasmanian Government Railways. It would operate them successfully until the mid-1960s. One was destroyed in an accident in February 1962 with a replacement obtained from the TGR.

South Australian Railways.

In 1952, the South Australian Railways purchased six second-hand from the WAGR to haul lead ore between Cockburn and Port Pirie as an interim solution pending the delivery of the 400 class Garratts, with all condemned by February 1956.

Fyansford Cement Works Railway.

The Fyansford Cement Works Railway purchased G33 from Commonwealth Disposals in August 1945. It was withdrawn in 1957, but maintained in operational condition until the railway closed in 1966 when it was donated to the Geelong division of the Australian Railway Historical Society.

Preservation.

The only surviving complete ASG is G33, which ran on the Fyansford Cement Works Railway until 1957. It was on static display at the Australian Railway Historical Society Museum in North Williamstown until May 2013, when (along with a spare boiler) it was moved by road to the Bellarine Railway, Queenscliff, with the aim of full restoration.  Many front ASG water tanks have survived: one at Yatina, South Australia, two on a farm south of Peterborough, South Australia, two at the Don River Railway in Tasmania, and several dotted around that state. They were used as water tanks for steam and fire fighting until the early 1980s. Another also survives with the Launceston & North East Railway in Launceston, Tasmania. It was used as a waste oil tank by TasRail until the closure of the Hobart railway yard in 2014, possibly being the last steam engine component used by TasRail.

The Australian Standard Garratt (ASG) was a Garratt steam locomotive designed in Australia during World War II, and used on narrow gauge railway systems in Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania.

Die Australian Standard Garratts (ASG) waren Kriegslokomotiven der Bauart Garratt, die während des Zweiten Weltkriegs für die kapspurigen australischen Bahngesellschaften in Queensland, Western Australia und Tasmanien gebaut wurden. Die hastig entworfenen Lokomotiven galten als Fehlkonstruktion und wurden teilweise schon unmittelbar nach dem Krieg ausgemustert.


In popular culture.

In March 2011, at a Danish award show, TV 2 Zulu Awards 2011, he performed in a video where he was lip-synching the songs which were nominated for the Hit of the Year award.  Earlier that month, the video was released for Uncharted, a single by Sara Bareilles off her album Kaleidoscope Heart. Cahill was one of a number of celebrity lip-syncers on the video, joining Adam Levine, Josh Groban and Ingrid Michaelson, to name a few.  In April 2011, Cahill appeared with Brian Wilson and Cody Ross of the San Francisco Giants performing Taio Cruz's hit, "Dynamite". The video also promoted a fundraiser campaign for Cahill launched by Wilson and Ross to be effected during a meeting on May 25, 2011 between the San Francisco Giants and Miami Marlins.  Cahill was nominated for a Teen Choice Award for Choice Web Star. During her California Dreams Tour, Katy Perry met Keenan and they performed "Teenage Dream" together in a video.  In August 2011, a war of words via Twitter between Cahill and WWE wrestler The Miz culminated in the two facing off in a "lip-sync battle" with the chosen song being The Miz's WWE entrance theme ("I Came to Play" by Downstait).  In September 2011, Cahill was nominated for Viral Web Star at the J-14 Awards. Keenan had a one-hour documentary aired on NT1 in France, Belgium and Switzerland reportedly watched by 5 million people. He later had a 13-minute documentary air on M6 in France.  In Fall 2011, Cahill performed in a music video with The Oak Ridge Boys for their song "What'cha Gonna Do" and appeared with them live at the Grand Ole Opry.  Cahill released three singles through iTunes: "Hands Up" featuring ElectroVamp (2012), "Closer" featuring SHY & DRS (2013) and "Back to Us" featuring Lovey James (2014).

Personal life.

Cahill has Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome, which in his case and some other cases result in individuals developing an appearance much like that of people with dwarfism (Cahill is 127 cm (4' 2") tall), including thickening of the dura (the membrane that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord), shortened trunk, crouched stance, restricted joint movement, and enlarged hands.  Diagnosed at the age of one, Cahill was treated with a bone marrow transplant in 1997 to slow down the progression of the disease, and he has had multiple surgeries, including surgery to relieve intracranial pressure.

Keenan Cahill (born March 20, 1995) is an American Internet celebrity from Chicago, Illinois who lip-syncs to popular songs on YouTube.

Keenan Cahill (* 19. März 1995 in Elmhurst, Illinois), ist ein US-amerikanischer Webvideomacher, der vor allem durch seine selbstgedrehten, viralen Videoclips bei YouTube bekannt wurde. In diesen Lipdub-Videos ist zu sehen, wie er zu Titeln von Katy Perry, Willow Smith oder Usher die Lippen bewegt und sparsam Tanzbewegungen nachahmt.


Early life.

Warnery was born 13 March 1720 in Morges at the upper end of Lake Geneva in the Swiss canton of Vaud.

Military career.

At the age of fourteen, he entered the military service of the King of Sardinia. He participated in the Battle of Parma on 29 June and at Battle of Guastalla on 19 September, both in 1734, in the War of Polish Succession. After peace was concluded in 1735, he took leave and in 1737, when the Austria's war broke out against the Turks, he served as a lieutenant in the Infantry Regiment Königsegg and as an adjutant of his countryman, Robert Scipio von Lentulus.  Warnery was wounded in the Russo Swedish War on 3 September 1741. In 1742, he left Russian service and entered the Prussian army as a "Rittmeister" (cavalry captain) in Dubislav Gneomar von Natzmer's Hussar Regiment, a transition expedited by the French Ambassador in Berlin, Count Courtin. There he became a close friend of Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, who also served in the regiment. During a skirmish, he and about 30 hussars were trapped at Krzanowice and forced to surrender; he enter for the first time into Austrian captivity, with several of his comrades, including Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz.  At the head of his squadron in the Second Silesian War, he fought at the battles of Hohenfriedberg, Soor, and Catholic Hennersdorf, and was promoted from the youngest "Rittmeister" to major during the campaign. In the last winter of the war, near Zittau, he and Seydlitz surprised the Austrian rear-guard that was plodding slowly through the back roads, attacked and routed them. After the autumn review of 1746, King Frederick presented him with a costly Turkish sabre as a mark of his esteem and appreciation.

Service in Seven Years' War.

At the beginning of the Seven Years' War, he was elevated to the rank of lieutenant colonel. In addition, he was elevated to the nobility and received the Pour le Mérite for his achievements in the Battle of Lobositz in 1756. There he took possession of Stolpen. The Austrian commandant, General Johann Adolph von Liebenau, capitulated because he saw the impossibility of defending himself. In reply to a report, King Frederick wrote "Vous avez fait des merveilles," ("You have done wonders").  When General Hartwig Karl von Wartenberg was killed on 2 May 1757 at the fighting near Prague, Warnery was promoted to colonel of Wartenberg's Hussar Regiment (later called Hussar Regiment No. 3). He was also part of the brilliant cavalry action at the error-fraught Battle of Kolin during which his and Seydlitz's cavalry, and that of Paul von Werner, prevented the Saxon army from attacking the Prussian flank. That autumn, the Austrians besieged Schweidnitz; Warnery was trapped there with half of his regiment. In the capitulation of the fortress in the autumn of 1757, he fell into Austrian hands a second time as a prisoner of war. After his exchange, Warnery insisted on a court martial to clear his name: he was exonerated. When he requested this procedure also for the generals who were involved in the capitulation of the fortress, the courts declined. Considering this a dishonor, Warnery quit his service to Prussia and retired to his wife's estates.

Military science.

In his retirement, Warnery found satisfaction in military writing, producing commentaries on Roman empire achievements, the development of cavalry, comparisons of Turkish and Russian tactics, and an analysis of Frederick's campaigns in the Seven Years' War. Warnery's achievements as a writer were possibly more significant than his military accomplishments. His numerous works were republished long after their composition. According to his origins in French-speaking Vaud, he wrote in the French language. One unauthorized edition first appeared in 1766 in German, so he wrote an extended edition of "Remarques sur le militaire et le marine des Turcs et Russes", published in Breslau (1771). His "Remarks on Cavalry of Turks and Russians" appeared in English in 1798 and this is the only work translated into English. Some 19th century critics of military tactics considered his analysis of Frederick's cavalry to be among the best, but acknowledge that Warnery's opinions and analysis of cavalry units, their structure, training and tactics reflect Seydlitz's. Seydlit'z own regiment served as a basis for Warnery's analysis of cavalry.

Publications.

The State Library of Berlin lists the following publications:

Polish service and death.

The Polish king, Stanislaus Poniatowski, appointed him general and adjutant general in 1776, but he lived mostly in Silesia, in Langenhof near Oels, on property which his wife, Louise Henriette von Koschenbahr (19 February 1725–20 March 1799), had brought to their marriage. He died in Breslau on 8 May 1786, a relatively young man, aged 56 years.

Charles Emanuel de Warnery was a royal Prussian colonel, later a royal Polish general. He was born 13 March 1720 at Morges on the Lake Geneva, Canton Vaud and entered served in the Sardinian service on the "Regiment Desportes", and participated in the Upper Italy campaign against Austria during the War of Polish Succession. He briefly served in the Russian army during the Russo Swedish War. In 1743, he joined the Prussian army and served in the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. Upon his retirement in 1758, he entered a second career in military writing, developing commentaries on military tactics, particularly those of mounted troops, from the time of the Caesars to Frederick the Great.

Charles-Emmanuel de Warnery (* März 1720 in Morges, Kanton Waadt, Schweiz; † 8. Mai 1786 in Breslau) war ein Husarengeneral und Militärtheoretiker. Er diente unter anderem im Siebenjährigen Krieg für Friedrich den Großen.


Background.

Wadham attended Ampleforth College and the Central School of Speech and Drama

Career.

His theatre work includes playing Barclay, soon after leaving the Central School, in the original West End production of Julian Mitchell's "Another Country" at the Queens Theatre with Rupert Everett and Kenneth Branagh. In 2014 he played Vaughan Cunningham, a visitor to the school, in the Trafalgar Studio revival of the play.  For the English Stage Company at the Royal Court he was directed by Max Stafford-Clark in "Falkland Sound/Voces de Malvinas", as Lieutenant David Tinker RN (with Paul Jesson, Lesley Manville and Marion Bailey), as Captain Plume in George Farquhar's "The Recruiting Officer", as Lt. Ralph Clark in Timberlake Wertenbaker's "Our Country's Good" and as Jake in Caryl Churchill's "Serious Money" (with Linda Bassett, Lesley Manville, Alfred Molina, Gary Oldman and Meera Syal).  For director Jeremy Herrin he appeared with Lindsay Duncan, Matt Smith and Felicity Jones as Hugh in Polly Stenham's "That Face", both at the Royal Court and at the Duke of York's Theatre. Herrin also directed him in the National Theatre production of James Graham's "This House", as Humphrey Atkins, in both Cottesloe and Olivier theatres, and in the West End revival of "Another Country", in which he played Vaughan Cunningham. Other National Theatre work includes productions directed by Sir Nicholas Hytner of "The Madness of King George" (in which he played Prime Minister William Pitt opposite Sir Nigel Hawthorne's King George), Don Pedro in "Much Ado About Nothing" (with Simon Russell Beale and Zoe Wanamaker), Polixenes (with Alex Jennings, Deborah Findlay, and Claire Skinner) in "The Winter's Tale", "Tartuffe" (with Martin Clunes, David Threlfall and Maggie Tyzack), "The Changeling" (with Miranda Richardson, directed by Richard Eyre) and "Mountain Language" (directed by Harold Pinter).  Other theatre includes Antonio in "The Tempest" at the Haymarket (directed by Trevor Nunn with Ralph Fiennes), as Duke Theseus in "A Midsummer Night's Dream" at the Rose Theatre (with Judi Dench and directed by Peter Hall), Marshall Dorfling in "The Prince of Homburg" at the Donmar Warehouse, Raymond Brock in "Plenty" (with Cate Blanchett) for the Almeida at the Albery, Elyot in "Private Lives" (Theatre Royal Bath), "The Good Samaritan" (Hampstead), "A Letter of Resignation" at the Comedy (with Edward Fox and Claire Higgins), and "When We Are Married" at the Whitehall.  Television roles include "The Casual Vacancy", "Silk", "Midsomer Murders", "Lewis", "Middlemarch", "The Trial of Lord Lucan" (as Lord Lucan), "Rosemary and Thyme" and "Dalziel and Pascoe".  In December 2014 he finished filming for Miramax "The 9th Life of Louis Drax" scripted by Max Minghella, with Aaron Paul, Jamie Dornan, Sarah Gadon, Oliver Platt, Molly Parker and Barbara Hershey.  As at December 2015 he is continuing to recreate the role of John Steed in Big Finish's audio series "The Avengers - The Lost Episodes".

Julian Neil Rohan Wadham (born 7 August 1958) is an English actor of stage, film and television. He was educated at Ampleforth College and the Central School of Speech and Drama, third son of Rohan Nicholas Wadham DFC and Juliana Wadham, née Macdonald Walker.

Julian Neil Rohan Wadham (* 7. August 1958) ist ein britischer Schauspieler. Er gehört zu anerkannten Schauspielern von Nebenrollen, die er neben Stars wie u. a. Bob Hoskins, John Hurt, Gérard Depardieu, Ralph Fiennes, Juliette Binoche, Ian Holm, Ben Kingsley spielte.


Suebic Kings of Galicia (409–585).

First Royal Dynasty (409–456)  Kings during a Suebic Civil War (457–469) Note: the civil war split the kingdom, and multiple kings ruled smaller regions of Galicia.  Dark Period (469–550)  Final Suevic Period (550–585)

Visigothic Kings of Galicia, Hispania and Septimania.

The Visigoth kings took control of Galicia in 585, which became the sixth province of the Kingdom of Toledo. Anyhow, Galicia maintained a distinguishable administrative and legal identity up to the collapse of the Visigothic monarchy:  From the fall of the Visigothic kingdom until the beginning of the 10th century, Galicia was integrated with other Christian kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula (Kingdom of Asturias and Kingdom of León).

Kings of Galicia.

In 910, Alfonso III the Great was forced to abdicate in favor of his sons, who partitioned the kingdom. This resulted in a briefly independent kingdom of Galicia:  In 914, Ordoño acquired the throne at León, reuniting his father's kingdom. On the death of his brother Fruela II of León in 925, there was a period of competing claimants, being made king in Galicia:  The death of Sancho led to Galicia again becoming part of the Kingdom of León, with which it was joined until 982, when the Galician nobility crowned in Santiago de Compostela an anti-king:  Bermudo routed Ramiro III of León in the battle of "Portela de Areas", later becoming undisputed ruler of the Leonese kingdom, and so reunifying the realm.

Jiménez dynasty (1037–1111).

Upon the death of Ferdinand I of León and Castile in 1065, Castile, León, and Galicia became three separated kingdoms:  Alfonso VI of León reunited the Kingdoms of Castile, León and Galicia.

House of Burgundy.

He was succeeded by his son:  On his death, he divided the kingdom between his daughters, who reigned a few months "de jure":  With the accession to the throne of Ferdinand III of Castile in 1230, the Kingdom of Galicia became dynastically united with the kingdoms of León, Castile and Toledo inside the Crown of Castile, but maintaining its personality as a kingdom, and its own legal institutions.  During the early reign Ferdinand IV, his uncle disputed the title with him and claimed to be king of León, Galicia and Seville

Portuguese House of Burgundy.

Following Peter I of Castile's death, a succession crisis occurred. During this time, the throne of Galiza was offered to Ferdinand I of Portugal, a member of the Portuguese House of Burgundy, and he was acclaimed in Galiza as King. His reign would see the opening of trade between the two nations and economic benefits for both. This reign, however, would be short, once Henry II of Castile demanded that Ferdinand give up the throne to Castile. Ferdinand did so easily, having not seen Galicia as an integral part of the Portuguese nation.

English House of Lancaster.

In 1386, John of Gaunt pressed the claim for his wife (and himself), to the throne of Castile. He successfully invaded Galicia and held most of the country until he was defeated in 1387.

Portuguese House of Avis.

Afonso V of Portugal and Juana la Beltraneja, acclaimed "de jure" kings of Galicia in 1475, saw their pretensions to the Castilian throne defeated at the Battle of Toro in 1479.

Galicia is an autonomous community and historical nationality in modern-day northwestern Spain on the Iberian Peninsula, which was and continues to be a major part of the Roman province known as Gallaecia prior to 409. It consists of the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra. It is bounded on the north by the Cantabrian Sea, to the south by Portugal, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east by principality of Asturias and the community of Castile and León. The archipelago of the Cíes Islands, the Ons archipelago, the Sálvora archipelago and other island such as Cortegada, Arousa, the Sisargas Islands and the Malveiras Islands are also part of Galicia.

Die Liste der Könige von Galicien enthält die Herrscher des mittelalterlichen Königreichs Galicien seit es im frühen 10. Jahrhundert aus dem Königreich Asturien hervorgegangen war, bis zur Einigung Spaniens im 16. Jahrhundert. Es war seine Geschichte über mit dem benachbarten Königreich León wie auch dem Königreich Kastilien-León eng in Personalunion assoziiert und besaß nur selten einen eigenen König.


Early life.

Palmer, who was born in Surrey Square off the Old Kent Road in Newington, London, was the son of a bookseller and sometime Baptist minister, and was raised by a pious nurse. Palmer painted churches from around age twelve, and first exhibited Turner-inspired works at the Royal Academy at the age of fourteen. He had little formal training, and little formal schooling, although he was educated briefly at Merchant Taylors' School.

Shoreham.

Through John Linnell, he met William Blake in 1824. Blake's influence can be seen in work he produced over the next ten years and generally reckoned to be his greatest. The works were landscapes around Shoreham, near Sevenoaks in the west of Kent. He purchased a run-down cottage, nicknamed "Rat Abbey", and lived there from 1826 to 1835, depicting the area as a demi-paradise, mysterious and visionary, often shown in sepia shades under moon and star light. There Palmer associated with a group of Blake-influenced artists known as the Ancients (including George Richmond and Edward Calvert). They were among the few who saw the Shoreham paintings as, resulting from attacks by critics in 1825, he opened his early portfolios only to selected friends.  Palmer's somewhat disreputable father – Samuel Palmer senior – moved to the area, his brother Nathaniel having offered him an allowance that would "make him a gentleman" and restore the good name of the family. Samuel Palmer senior rented half of the Queen Anne-era 'Waterhouse' which still stands by the River Darent at Shoreham and is now known as the 'Water House'. Palmer's nurse, Mary Ward, and his other son William joined him there. The Waterhouse was used to accommodate overflow guests from "Rat Abbey". In 1828 Samuel Palmer left "Rat Abbey" to join his father at Water House and lived there for the rest of his time in Shoreham. While at Shoreham he fell in love with the fourteen-year-old Hannah Linnell, whom he later married.

Maturity.

After returning to London in 1835, and using a small legacy to purchase a house in Marylebone, Palmer produced less mystical and more conventional work. Part of his reason in returning to London was to sell his work and earn money from private teaching. He had better health on his return to London, and was by then married to Hannah, daughter of the painter John Linnell who he had known since she was a child, and married when she was nineteen and he was thirty-two. He sketched in Devonshire and Wales around this time. His peaceful vision of rural England had been disrupted by the violent rural discontent of the early 1830s. His small financial legacy was running out and he decided to produce work more in line with public taste if he was to earn an income for himself and his wife. He was following the advice of his father-in-law. Linnell, who had earlier shown remarkable understanding of the uniqueness of William Blake's genius, was not as generous with his son-in-law, towards whom his attitude was authoritarian and often harsh.  Palmer turned more to watercolour which was gaining popularity in England. To further a commercial career, the couple embarked on a two-year honeymoon to Italy, made possible by money from Hannah's parents in 1837. In Italy Palmer's palette became brighter, sometimes to the point of garishness, but he made many fine sketches and studies that would later be useful in producing new paintings. On his return to London, Palmer sought patrons with limited success. For more than two decades he was obliged to work as a private drawing master, until he moved from London in 1862. To add to his financial worries, he returned to London to find his dissolute brother William had pawned all his early paintings, and Palmer was obliged to pay a large sum to redeem them. By all accounts Palmer was an excellent teacher, but the work with uninspired students reduced the time he could devote to his own art.

Later years.

From the early 1860s he gained some measure of critical success for his later landscapes, which had a touch of the early Shoreham work about them – most notable is the etching of "The Lonely Tower" (1879). He became a full member of the Water Colour Society in 1854, and its annual show gave him a yearly goal to work towards.  His best late works include a series of large watercolours illustrating Milton's poems "L'Allegro" and "Il Penseroso" and his etchings, a medium in which he worked from 1850 onwards, including a set illustrating Virgil.  Palmer's later years were darkened by the death in 1861, at the age of 19, of his elder son Thomas More Palmer – a devastating blow from which he never fully recovered. He lived in various places later in his life, including a small cottage and an unaffordable villa both in Kensington, where he lived at 6 Drouro Place, then a cottage at Reigate. But it was only when a small measure of financial security came his way, that was he able to move to Furze Hill House in Redhill, Surrey, from 1862. He could not afford to have a daily newspaper delivered to Redhill, suggesting that his financial circumstances there were still tight.  Samuel Palmer died in Redhill, Surrey, and is buried with his wife in Reigate churchyard.

Legacy.

Palmer was largely forgotten after his death. In 1909, many of his Shoreham works were destroyed by his surviving son Alfred Herbert Palmer, who burnt "a great quantity of father's handiwork... Knowing that no one would be able to make head or tail of what I burnt; I wished to save it from a more humiliating fate". The destruction included "sketchbooks, notebooks, and original works, and lasted for days". It wasn't until 1926 that Palmer's rediscovery began through a show curated by Martin Hardie at the Victoria & Albert Museum, "Drawings, Etchings and Woodcuts made by Samuel Palmer and other Disciples of William Blake". But it took until the early 1950s for his reputation to recover, stimulated by Geoffrey Grigson's 280-page book "Samuel Palmer" (1947) and later by an exhibition of the Shoreham work in 1957 and by Grigson's 1960 selection of Palmer's writing. His reputation rests mainly on his Shoreham work, but some of his later work has recently received more appreciation.  The Shoreham work has had a powerful influence on many English artists after being rediscovered. Palmer was a notable influence on F. L. Griggs, Robin Tanner, Graham Sutherland, Paul Drury, Joseph Webb, Eric Ravilious, John Minton, the glass engraving of Laurence Whistler, and Clifford Harper. He also inspired a resurgence in twentieth-century landscape printmaking, which began amongst students at Goldsmiths' College in the 1920s. (See: Jolyon Drury, 2006)  In 2005 the British Museum collaborated with the Metropolitan Museum of Art to stage the first major retrospective of his work, timed to coincide with the bicentenary of Palmer's birth. The show ran from October 2005 to January 2006, and at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, March – May 2006.

Samuel Palmer Hon.RE (Hon. Fellow of the Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers) (27 January 1805 – 24 May 1881) was a British landscape painter, etcher and printmaker. He was also a prolific writer. Palmer was a key figure in Romanticism in Britain and produced visionary pastoral paintings.

Samuel Palmer (* 27. Januar 1805 in Newington bei London; † 24. Mai 1881 in Redhill, Surrey, England) war ein britischer Landschaftsmaler, Zeichner und Radierer der Romantik.


Olympische Sommerspiele 1996/Teilnehmer (Ungarn)

Archery.

Hungary's two veterans in Atlanta were both defeated in the first round.  Women's Individual Competition:

Athletics.

Men's 400 m Hurdles  Men's Long Jump  Men's Triple Jump  Men's Discus Throw  Men's Hammer Throw  Men's Decathlon  Women's Heptathlon  Women's Long Jump  Women's Triple Jump  Women's Marathon  Women's 10 km Walk

Boxing.

Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg)  Men's Featherweight (– 57 kg)  Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg)  Men's Light Middleweight (– 71 kg)  Men's Middleweight (– 75 kg)

Diving.

Men's 3m Springboard  Women's 3m Springboard

Fencing.

Fifteen fencers, nine men and six women, represented Hungary in 1996.

Modern pentathlon.

Men's Individual Competition:

Sailing.

Men's Laser sailing

Swimming.

Men's 100 m Freestyle  Men's 200 m Freestyle  Men's 400 m Freestyle  Men's 100 m Backstroke  Men's 200 m Backstroke  Men's 100 m Breaststroke  Men's 200 m Breaststroke  Men's 100 m Butterfly Men's 200 m Butterfly  Men's 200 m Individual Medley  Men's 400 m Individual Medley  Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay  Women's 100 m Freestyle  Women's 800 m Freestyle  Women's 200 m Backstroke  Women's 100 m Breaststroke  Women's 200 m Breaststroke  Women's 100 m Butterfly  Women's 200 m Butterfly  Women's 400 m Individual Medley  Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay

Tennis.

Men's Singles Competition  Women's Singles Competition

Weightlifting.

Men

Hungary competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States. 212 competitors, 147 men and 65 women, took part in 145 events in 24 sports.

Ungarn nahm an den Olympischen Sommerspielen 1996 in der US-amerikanischen Metropole Atlanta mit 213 Sportlern, 66 Frauen und 147 Männern, teil.


Military history of Australia during the War in Afghanistan

Australische Beteiligung am Krieg in Afghanistan

Operation Slipper.

Operation Slipper began in late 2001 and ended on 31 December 2014.

First phase.

During the first phase of Operation Slipper, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) commitment to Afghanistan consisted of a Special Forces Task Group and two Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Boeing 707 air-to-air refuelling aircraft from No. 33 Squadron. These aircraft and associated support personnel operated from Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan and provided support to coalition aircraft operating in Afghan airspace. Two RAAF AP-3C Orion aircraft flew maritime patrol missions in support of maritime interdiction operations in the Persian Gulf. These aircraft were temporarily retasked to Operations Falconer and Catalyst in 2003.  RAAF C-130 Hercules transport aircraft were also involved in providing logistic support for deployed forces. The Special Forces were involved with the establishment of the US-led coalition's first Forward Operating Base (Camp Rhino) southwest of Kandahar in November 2001, followed by the capture of Kandahar International Airport in December 2001. The initial ADF commitment in Afghanistan concluded in December 2002 when the Special Air Service Task Group was withdrawn. Following this date until 2005 Australia's total contribution to efforts in Afghanistan were two officers attached to the United Nations and the Coalition land mine clearing force.  All three squadrons of the Australian Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) were deployed to Afghanistan in 2001 and 2002. The dates of these deployments were:

Second phase.

An Australian Special Forces Task Group was re-deployed to Afghanistan in August or September 2005. This Task Group consisted of elements from the SASR, 4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (Commando), the Incident Response Regiment and logistic support personnel. As well as heavily modified Land Rovers, the Special Forces Task Group was also equipped with some Bushmaster infantry mobility vehicles. A detachment of two CH-47 Chinook helicopters from the 5th Aviation Regiment was deployed to Afghanistan in March 2006 to support the Special Forces Task Group. The Australian Special Forces Task Group was withdrawn from Afghanistan in September 2006 and the helicopter detachment returned to Australia in April 2007.

Third phase.

A Reconstruction Taskforce-based around the 1st Combat Engineer Regiment with protective elements from the 5th/7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment and 2nd Cavalry Regiment began arriving in Uruzgan Province in southern Afghanistan in early September 2006. The Australian Reconstruction Taskforce formed part of a Dutch-led Provincial Reconstruction Team, operating as part of the Dutch-led Task Force Uruzgan and based at Forward Operating Base Ripley, outside of Tarin Kowt.  A 300-strong Special Operations Task Group was deployed to support the Reconstruction Taskforce in April 2007, including a Commando company-group, elements of the SASR, and an integral combat service support team. In addition to radar crews, logistics and intelligence officers, and security personnel, this brought the number of Australian personnel in Afghanistan to 950 by mid-2007, with further small increases to 1,000 in mid-2008, 1,100 in early 2009 and 1,550 in mid-2009. These increases occurred in spite of opinion polls indicating that public support for the deployment was decreasing, with a poll released in September 2008 finding that a majority of those surveyed were opposed to Australia's continued military involvement in the country.  In early 2009, a number of Operational Mentoring and Liaison Teams (OMLTs) were embedded into the Afghan National Army battalions serving in the 4th (ANA) Brigade, 205th Hero Corps, in Uruzgan as part of the Australian mission to mentor and partner the ANA within the province. Consequently, the RTF was renamed the Mentoring and Reconstruction Task Force. On 16 January 2009, Trooper Mark Donaldson, a member of the SASR, was awarded Australia's highest gallantry medal, the Victoria Cross for Australia. Donaldson was awarded the medal for exposing himself to enemy fire to protect injured Australian troops and then rescuing an Afghan interpreter under heavy enemy fire during a contact on 2 September 2008.  A modest Australian force remained in Afghanistan over this period and was involved in counter-insurgency operations in Uruzgan province in conjunction with Dutch, US and other coalition forces. MRTF was again renamed to the Mentoring Task Force in early 2010. Based around a combined arms battalion-sized battle group, it consisted of motorised infantry and cavalry force elements supported by engineers, as well as coalition enablers including artillery and aviation assets. The Rotary Wing Group flying CH-47D Chinooks, the Force Logistics Asset and an RAAF air surveillance radar unit were also based in Kandahar. A further 800 Australian logistic personnel were also based outside of Afghanistan, in locations in the Middle East. Meanwhile, detachments of maritime patrol and transport aircraft continued to support operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, based out of Al Minhad Air Base in the United Arab Emirates.

Order of battle.

Over the course of the operation, as the size of Australia's contribution has fluctuated and the scope of operations undertaken has evolved, the number and type of units deployed has also changed. A snapshot of the order of battle from March 2011, when approximately 1,550 Australians were deployed to Afghanistan, is as follows:

Departure of Australian combat forces.

At the end of October 2013, Prime Minister Tony Abbott traveled to Afghanistan with Opposition Leader Bill Shorten for a special ceremony at the Australian base in Tarin Kowt in Uruzgan. He told a gathering of troops and Afghan leaders that "Australia's longest war is ending. Not with victory, not with defeat, but with, we hope, an Afghanistan that is better for our presence here." Afghan forces were scheduled to take over running of the camp in mid-December. The last combat troops were withdrawn on 15 December 2013; however, approximately 400 personnel remain in Afghanistan as trainers and advisers, and are stationed in Kandahar and Kabul.  On 1 July 2014, as part of the restructuring of Australian operations in the Middle East, Operation Slipper was split into three different operations: ongoing operations in Afghanistan as part of ISAF under Operation Slipper; maritime security operations in the Middle East and counter piracy in the Gulf of Aden under Operation Manitou; and support operations to Slipper and Manitou from a number of locations in the Gulf States, primarily the United Arab Emirates, under Operation Accordion. Approximately 400 personnel are deployed on Operation Slipper, another 550 as part of Accordion, and 250 on Manitou. Australian operations in Afghanistan were scheduled to continue until the ISAF mission concludes in December 2014, while its contribution to the NATO-led "train, advise, assist" mission post-2014 was still to be confirmed. The final Heron UAV detachment left Afghanistan in December 2014.  Operation Slipper concluded on 31 December 2014, with Australia's "train, advise and assist" mission in Afghanistan as part of the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission being conducted under the code-name Operation Highroad after this date. Approximately 400 Australian personnel are deployed as part of the new mission, including personnel in mentoring and advisory roles, as well as medical personnel, force protection and logistic support. Over 26,000 Australian personnel have served in Afghanistan.  In 2016 the Inspector General of the Australian Defence Force launched an inquiry into allegations that Australian special forces personnel conducted war crimes in Afghanistan between 2005 and 2016. In February 2020 it was announced that 55 incidents were being investigated, and 336 people had provided evidence.

Persian Gulf.

Since October 2001 the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) has maintained a continuous presence in and around Iraqi territorial waters as part of Operation Slipper and subsequent operations. There were four major rotations of RAN ships to this area of operations between December 2001 and March 2003. The primary focus of these rotations was to conduct Maritime Interception Operations as part of a US, Australian and British force enforcing United Nations Security Council resolutions against Iraq. The first rotation consisted of Her Majesty's Australian Ships (HMAS) "Sydney", "Adelaide" and "Kanimbla". These ships were followed in February 2002 by HMA Ships "Canberra", "Newcastle" and "Manoora" and again in July 2002 by HMAS "Arunta" and "Melbourne".  HMAS "Kanimbla" departed from Sydney, Australia on 20 January 2003 again bound for the Persian Gulf under the mission objectives of Operation Bastille. On arriving in Bahrain on 16 February she reverted to the original mission objects of Operation Slipper (that of enforcing UN sanctions against Iraq). On 20 March 2003, HMA Ships "Kanimbla", "Anzac" and "Darwin" participated in the combat phase of the 2003 Iraq War, codenamed Operation Falconer; in April "Kanimbla" supported Operation Baghdad Assist, delivering medical supplies that were transported to Baghdad. During these operations the Australian ships pioneered a number of techniques that increased the effectiveness of Maritime Interception Force operations leading to them intercepting and boarding about 1,700 vessels in this period. Four Australian naval officers commanded the multinational force at various times during the course of the operation. Detachments from the Army's 16th Air Defence Regiment provided point defence to the "Kanimbla" and "Manoora" during their deployments.  From 2009 Australian warships and aircraft in the Middle East have also been involved in counter-piracy operations and maritime interdiction off the Horn of Africa as part of Combined Task Force 151.

Diego Garcia.

A detachment of four Australian F/A-18 Hornet fighter aircraft provided air defence for the US military base on the island of Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory during the campaign against the Taliban. The initial detachment was provided by No. 77 Squadron RAAF between December 2001 and 10 February 2002. This was replaced by a detachment from No. 3 Squadron RAAF which was deployed between 10 February 2002 and 20 May 2002. No further Australian units were deployed to Diego Garcia.

Casualties.

Operation Slipper is notable for the first Australian combat deaths since the Vietnam War, and to date all casualties have occurred during operations in Afghanistan. 41 Australian soldiers have been killed and 261 wounded, the majority since October 2007. Another Australian was killed while serving with the British Army.

Cost.

The cost of operations in Afghanistan has represented the largest operational expenditure by the ADF in most financial years since 2001/02. The yearly expenditure on Afghanistan by the ADF includes the figures below.

The Australian contribution to the war in Afghanistan has been known as Operation Slipper (2001 – 2014) and Operation Highroad (from 2015).

Die Beteiligung Australiens am Krieg in Afghanistan war Teil der sogenannten "Operation Slipper". Die Australian Defence Force bezeichnete damit Einsätze der Royal Australian Air Force und der Australian Army in Afghanistan und der Royal Australian Navy im Persischen Golf, die Teil der von den Vereinigten Staaten geführten Operation Enduring Freedom sind. Von Herbst 2001 bis 31. Dezember 2014 hieß die australische Bezeichnung "Operation Slipper".


Geography.

Located between Montreal and Sherbrooke in proximity of Granby, the territory known as Bromont is characterized by a mountain with several summits, called Mont Brome (or Bromont), Mount Gale, and a smaller top, almost a hill, mount Soleil (literally mount "Sun"). By contrast, the terrain around this mountainous mass is flat and has hills and vales sparsely distributed. This is crossed by the Yamaska river, flowing in from Fulford from its source lake Brome, separated from Bromont by Iron Hill and Fulford (both parts of Lac-Brome), and definitely leaving into Saint-Alphonse-de-Granby. Two lakes: Bromont and Gale, are pooling between the mountaintops of Mont Brome; Gale Lake, on Mount Gale, is fed by waters of the mountain. The surface of the territory is naturally covered by mixed forest and grasslands, sometimes exploited as grazing grounds or as growing space.  Another portion is exploited for human ends. Much of Bromont's surface is crisscrossed by roads andtrails, including a section of Quebec Autoroute 10 (which connects Montreal and Sherbrooke), with access to Bromont at two exits (74 and 78). This network has many touristic crossroads, a historic village, many neighbourhoods occupied by housing and shops, as well as a technology industrial park. Many spaces that aren't covered by woodland are cultivated, others serve to sustain large herbivorous domestic animals: cows, horses, and alpacas.  A natural domain established on Mount Gale includes a protected area, uniting privately owned lands for conservation and hiking. In spite of these conservation efforts, a large part of Mount Brome is exploited intensively. "Bromont, mountain of experiences" is a mega-tourist complex, including alpine skiing facilities, a water park, holiday housing, and residences.

History.

Bromont was envisioned by Roland Désourdy (1917–2011). In 1963 he became the first French Canadian Master of the Montreal Hunt.  Bromont was developed in 1964, as a model resort community, based in Brome County.  In 1966, Bromont annexed the town of West Shefford, Quebec, which had been founded in 1792 and was a stop on the stagecoach route between Montreal and Sherbrooke, Quebec.

Hyundai plant.

In 1989, Hyundai Auto Canada Inc. opened a stamping and assembly plant in Bromont, employing 800. The plant was situated on an site, with body, paint and trim shops, as well as a pumping station for the plant, a paint residue treatment plant, and administrative offices. The plant cost $387.7 million, with Quebec and Canadian federal government subsidies of $131 million.  The plant was designed to manufacture approximately 2,000 Hyundai Sonatas per week. Subsequently, Chrysler and Hyundai considered a joint venture that would have Chrysler rebranding the Sonata manufactured at Bromont, but later said the deal had failed. The Bromont plant was operational for four years before it closed in 1994, with Hyundai's sales unable to support the plant. Hyundai subsequently sold the plant to Olymbec Inc. It subdivided the plant, leasing the former paint and assembly plant to Goodyear from February 2007. The former metal stamping portion of the plant was leased to AAER Inc., a manufacturer of wind turbines based in Quebec.

Biodiversity.

The environment present within Bromont limits allowed special ecosystems to develop; indeed, mountainous terrain, the presence of water in the form of lakes, creeks, and the river, the blend of trees and the expanse of prairies permit various flora and fauna to flourish there. On Mount Gale, it is possible to observe species of amphibians that only thrive at higher elevations; the lakes harbour many species of fish, amphibians, water birds, turtles, and aquatic mammals such as muskrat. Humans having encroached in the area have kept many species of domestic animals that populate the fields and roam wild just the same, house cats, dogs, and horses are among the most common in the municipality. Fields and forests serve as breeding grounds for many species of birds, some of which remain all year, though a large portion migrates south during the colder months; Canada geese, European starling, American crows and black-capped chickadees to name a few. Many animals coveted by hunters and trappers also inhabit the land, red fox, white-tailed deer, wild turkey; raccoon and deer are often victim of roadkill. Covering most of the territory, vegetation of many kinds thrives; a majority of Bromont is forest covered, though plants occur in grasslands and urban developments alike. Biodiversity is a pride and Bromont aims to respect it.  <br>

External links.

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Bromont is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada, at the base of Mont Brome; it is in the Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality. The Bromont area and its resort, Ski Bromont, is well known as a tourist destination for its downhill skiing, mountain biking, BMX-riding and water slides. It also features golf and equestrian events in moderate weather. Bromont also boasts a high-tech industrial park, which includes IBM, General Electric, and Teledyne DALSA. Bromont (Roland Désourdy) Airport serves the region.

Bromont ist eine Stadt im Südwesten von Québec in Kanada. Sie liegt 75 Kilometer östlich der Millionenstadt Montreal. Die Stadt besitzt einen High-Tech-Gewerbepark und einen kleineren Flughafen.


History.

Through the village of Tüchersfeld once ran a medieval road ("Altstrasse"), which wound its way from Gräfenberg via Hiltpoltstein and Obertrubach to Gößweinstein. In Tüchersfeld it crossed the Püttlach valley and then continued via Oberailsfeld and Waischenfeld to Hollfeld. The castles were probably built to control the road and river crossing.  The first historical records of the castles date to the 13th century, when a "Friderici quondam de Thvchervelt" was mentioned on 26 November 1243, they were probably built just before this.  The Bishop of Bamberg, Berthold of Leiningen, acquired one of the castles on 27 May 1262; from whom he bought it, is not known. It is likely that this was the castle of Frederick of Tüchersfeld. Seven years later, the bishop acquired the second castle there from Duke Louis of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine, as a gift. However, the Duke must first have had to redeem the castle from Count Frederick Truhendingen, who at the time held it in fief. Prior to Truhendingen, Burkhard of Ahorn was the fief holder. The lords of the castle were the dukes of Bavarian dukes whose possessions in Tüchersfeld and Pottenstein came from the estate of Counts of Schweinfurt.  Ownership of the second castle was disputed. Henry, Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine, laid claim to the fortress. In a treaty dated 26 February 1287, however, he renounced the castle in Tüchersfeld. From then on, both castles were in the hands of the Bishopric of Bamberg. In the episcopal Urbarium A of 1323/27 was added: ""Tvchersuelt et Tvchersuelt ambo Castra sunt episcopi"" (both castles in Tüchersfeld are the bishop's).  In the episcopal Urbarium B of 1348 for the first time a distinction was made between Upper Tüchersfeld, which stood on a narrow rock pinnacle, and Lower Tüchersfeld.  Even before the entry in Urbarium of A 1323/27 "Burgoberbach Tüchersfeld" was already the seat of a minor Bamberg office or "Amt". No later than 1386, a court chamber ("Kastenamt") was established at the castle and a Walter Hauger of Rattelsdorf was recorded as the Steward ("Kastner") of Tüchersfeld. This office had moved by 1399 to Waischenfeld.  At that time, the castle consisted of two parts, an episcopal administrative castle ("Amtsburg") that from 1442 was always referred to as a "schloss", and the "Upper House" ("Oberhaus"), which probably stood on the northern part of the rock reef. The Upper House was an episcopal fief and was owned by the family Groß of Trockau. Eberhard Groß was mentioned in 1422, he owned half the castle estate at the Upper House. In 1429 a half of the Upper House was owned by Jorg Groß.  From 1445, the Upper House was apparently destroyed; an enfeoffment deed to the brothers, Sittig and Hans Groß, in that year talks about the "Upper House of Tüchersfeld called the "burgstall" [= "castle site"]". The castle was apparently destroyed during the Hussite wars in 1430, and subsequently referred to in documents as a "burgstall", the name for a castle that had been virtually levelled. In addition, in other enfeoffments to Sittig Groß from 1461, reference is made to a house that he is supposed to have built; whether this house stood on the castle site is not known. Sittig Groß had to sell the ruins of the Upper House in 1480 to his nephews, the brothers Andrew, Fritz and Jerome of Seckendorff-Rinhofen. "for reasons and the needs of his body to pay for its nourishment". A year later, the flattened castle was back in feudal possession of Albert, James, Eberhard and Michael Gross; and it was owned by the family until 1628. The part of the castle called the Upper House was apparently not rebuilt after its destruction by the Hussites, only the site continued to be enfeoffed by the bishop

Today.

The site of the old castle is covered in dense woodland in places; only the southern tip of the rock reef is free of large trees. This rock tower is now a viewing point and is accessible on a metal ladder. Very little of the original castle has survived. At the entrance to the southern tip of the reef, steps may be seen that have been hewn out of the rock in a small through cave. On the castle plateau a few foundation wall remains can be seen.

Conservation.

Described by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection (BLfD) as a "medieval "burgstall"", the protected monument bear the identity D-4-6234-0037.

The ruins of Upper Tüchersfeld Castle () are all that remains of a high medieval castle that once rose high above the valley of the Püttlach in the church village of Tüchersfeld in Germany's Franconian Switzerland. It was built on a spur of the Mittelberg and was one of two castles in the village, the other being the Lower Tüchersfeld Castle.

Der hochmittelalterliche Burgstall Oberntüchersfeld war eine der beiden Burgen im Kirchdorf Tüchersfeld, sie erhob sich einst hoch über dem Ort im Tal der Püttlach auf einer Felsspitze des Mittelberges. Der Burgstall der Höhenburg befindet sich auf inmitten des Dorfes Tüchersfeld in der Gemeinde Pottenstein im oberfränkischen Landkreis Bayreuth in Bayern, Deutschland.