History.

While the University of the Highlands and Islands is Scotland's newest university, many of its 13 colleges and research institutions have longer histories, the earliest having been founded in the 19th Century. The UHI network has had a unique structure and the way that it has evolved as a multi-campus institution has been constrained by a legislative framework that deals with further and higher education separately. Technology has played an important part in connecting the partner institutions.  In April 2001, it became known as the UHI Millennium Institute, following the Scottish Parliament awarding Higher Education Institute status. By 2004 full-time deans had been appointed to its three faculties, with experienced figures having been attracted from other academic bodies.  University degrees were authenticated by the Open University Validation Service, the University of Strathclyde and the University of Aberdeen until 2008 when the UHI was given taught degree awarding powers (tDAP) by the Privy Council under recommendation from the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA); Higher National Certificate and Higher National Diploma courses are awarded by the Scottish Qualifications Authority.  University status was awarded by the Privy Council in February 2011, and UHI became the University of the Highlands and Islands.

Organisation and administration.

The Princess Royal was officially installed as chancellor in June 2012.  Clive Mulholland became principal and vice-chancellor in June 2014, after his appointment to this post was announced in February 2014.  Anton Edwards, a marine physicist, took over as rector in June 2014.  The university coat of arms has been designed to reflect important aspects of the university. A compass rose with a fleur de lys indicating north denotes the university's location and two open books symbolise learning. The 13 hazel leaves are to represent the university's partners, a tree associated with wisdom in Celtic and Norse tradition.  It has an annual income of £137 million.  The University organised into two faculties, the faculty of arts, humanities and business, and the faculty of science, health and engineering.

University Court.

The Court consists of up to 20 members including graduates, academic and support personnel, university sponsor representatives and a majority of independent members. From the independent members the party elects its president and vice-chair. The University Court assigns many of its academic responsibilities to the academic board.

Academic Council.

Academic council is the main Higher Education disciplinary authority in the university. Any of its specific tasks are assigned to a variety of committees. These committees are;

Foundation.

The Foundation creates a link between the university and its communities, and serves as a mission custodian. The foundation contains a maximum of 120 members. In addition to the rector, principal and vice-chancellor, president of the student association and chair of the court, the foundation also includes members from academic partners, employees, students, industry, alumni, external organizations and individuals with organizational value-added expertise and knowledge.

Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business.

The Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business has three subject networks;  In the Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business, courses such as honours programmes in Gaelic, Theological Studies, and Scottish History, all reflect the distinctive nature of the region, its past, present and future. The Centre for History is based in Dornoch and teaches a range of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees via videoconference to students around the UHI network and worldwide. The faculty also offers an interdisciplinary course in Scottish Cultural Studies, which received the 2005 Times Higher Education Supplement Award for Most Imaginative Use of Distance Learning. Other postgraduate masters programmes cover the culture, literature and history of the Highlands and Islands, Material Culture and Gàidhealtachd History, Orkney & Shetland Studies, and Viking Studies. The business school offers distinctive programmes such as Scotland's only degree in Golf Management. The School of Adventure Studies delivers courses in Adventure Tourism Management, Adventure Performance & Coaching, Adventure Education & Marine Coastal Tourism using Lochaber, the UK's Outdoor Capital as a living research laboratory.  From August 2013 UHI have benefited from allocation of student teacher places, allowing postgraduate diploma in education (PGDE) to be offered, and the success of this has led to the number of places being increased.

Faculty of Science, Health and Engineering.

The Faculty of Science, Health and Engineering has three subject networks;  The Faculty of Science, Health and Engineering has research in Renewables, Marine Science, Digital Health, Sustainable Rural Development and Environmental Issues. A fully online honours degree programme is available across the UK from this faculty. The BSc (Hons) Sustainable Development is an example of a multi-disciplinary programme from this Faculty. The programme has professional accreditation from the Institute of Economic Development. The Faculty also offers postgraduate studies, including an MSc in Sustainable Rural Development. This Masters programme also has professional accreditation from the Institute of Economic Development.  The Energy and Technology subject area offers a range of academic programs up to, and including Masters level (such as MSc Developing Low Carbon Communities and MSc Sustainable Energy Solutions), together with various subjects taught at HNC/HND level.  UHI has links with the new Centre for Health Sciences located behind Raigmore Hospital. This is being funded by Highlands and Islands Enterprise, the Scottish Government and Johnson and Johnson. The University purchased the Centre for Health Science in Inverness from Highlands and Islands Enterprise in a £9.83m deal. The building includes a research centre. Phase I of this opened in early 2007, phase II and phase III were opened in 2009. The University of Stirling has moved its nursing and midwifery operations from Raigmore Hospital to the CfHS. A BSc Oral Health Science was set up in 2008, and was based on two campuses, the Centre for Health Sciences and Dumfries Dental Centre. In 2011 a third campus was added in Stornoway. In September 2016 the Nursing and Midwifery Council approved the transfer of the pre-registration nurse BSc nursing programmes in Inverness and Stornoway to be provided by UHI.  In August 2015, Inverness College UHI, one of the main collaborators at the University of the Highlands and Islands, opened its doors at the Inverness Campus. The £50m 18,500 sqm facility offers services for further and higher education courses including Life Sciences education and research.  The £6.5 million Alexander Graham Bell Centre for Digital Health is a Moray College UHI centre for excellence in digital health and Life Science for the North of Scotland and beyond, providing facilities for, and expertise in, digital health and life science research and education. The centre was officially opened by the Princess Royal in June 2014. The University of the Highlands and Islands received a £9 million grant from the UK Government for this project.  The new life sciences innovation centre is a collaborative project between NHS Highland, the University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI) and Highlands and Islands Enterprise. The total size of the building is projected to be 2700m2. The new innovation center aims to promote the development of the University for education and research. The new center will also collaborate with the proposed Elective Care Centre also planned for Inverness Campus.  The Center for Health Science 2 is a collaborative project between NHS Highland, the University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI) and HIE. The total size of the building is projected to be 8,300m2. Occupying the greatest proportion of this will be a northern Scotland's £34 m elective care centre, headed by NHS Highland. This will have 28 hospital beds, four operating theatres, day case, and outpatient services due to opening in 2021.

Campuses.

University of the Highlands and Islands has 13 individual colleges and each college/research centre has its own campus in different locations. As colleges offer different programmes, not all courses are available at every campus. Some campuses such as SAMS have tiny student populations all learning the same sort of course, and some campuses such as Inverness College have diverse disciplines. Some UHI colleges have student accommodation on their campuses and some of them do not. Argyll College does not have a single campus; staffed learning centers are located in Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran. Lews Castle College campus is set in 600 acres of parkland beside the principal harbour town of Stornoway. North Highland College UHI has four campuses spread throughout the north of Scotland. There are two campuses in Caithness; main campus in Thurso and one in Wick. NAFC Marine Centre UHI is located on the seafront in the historic village of Scalloway. Moray College UHI has its main campus in the ancient cathedral town of Elgin. The Elgin campus is home to Scotland's fifth art school and the only one located in a non-urban environment. West Highland College is located in Fort William. Orkney College UHI is principally based in Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands with a second campus in Stromness and learning centres based on the smaller islands. Perth College UHI is situated in the city of Perth on the southern edge of the Highlands of Scotland. The Scottish Association for Marine Science UHI (SAMS UHI) is located on Dunstaffnage bay on the west coast of Scotland, three miles from the seaside town of Oban. Sabhal Mòr Ostaig UHI is situated close to the sea on the southern peninsula of Sleat on the Isle of Skye. Shetland College UHI is on the Shetland Islands to the north of the British mainland.

Academic Profile.

The University of the Highlands and Islands conducts its research through a collaboration of twelve colleges and academic institutions. These institutions are defined as Academic Partners which can operate as an autonomous body. Due to the University's regional characteristic, academic partners can determine their own strategy and they are authorized to make their own investments and recruitment.

Research units.

The University operates across the region through partnerships with colleges and research institutions.

Institutes.

Institute of Health Research and Innovation.

In early 2018, the University awarded the Institute of Health Science and Innovation an Institution status in recognition of the scale and success of the pre-existing cluster of health research. The Institute includes representatives from around the UHI collaboration, but most of them are located at the Inverness Center for Health Science. Institute activities can be divided loosely into three major themes: Disease Management, Smarter Health, and Rural Health and Wellbeing.  Environmental Research Institute (ERI)  Opened 2000, The ERI is located in the town of Thurso. The Environmental Research Institute (ERI) is part of North Highland College UHI, which is one of 13 partners in the University of the Highlands and Islands. Its research is focused into three areas; Renewable Energy and Environment, Carbon Water and Climate, and Environmental Contamination and Ecological Health. The Centre for Energy and the Environment is affiliated with the ERI.  Agronomy Institute  The Agronomy Institute performs work on the production and promotion of new crops and plant products in the Scotland's highlands and islands. The Institute cooperates with growers, end-users and other research organisations.  Archaeology Institute  Based on the Orkney Mainland, the University of the Highlands and Islands Archeology Institute also has research and teaching staff in both Shetland and the Western Isles. Throughout Scotland, the Institute integrates teaching, scientific research, and applied industrial research and consultancy. The institute's commercial arm, ORCA, provides Northern Scotland archeological and conservation services-from archeological excavations and assessments to environmental consulting services, underwater archeological invasion.

Institute for Northern Studies.

Founded in 2007, Institute for Northern Studies operates at Orkney, Shetland, and Perth Colleges UHI from three main locations. Research areas are Viking Studies, Medieval and modern history and culture of the Highlands and Islands, Links between Scotland and the Nordic world, The history and culture of the Scottish islands within the North Atlantic region, Highlands and Islands Literature, Island Studies, The languages and dialects of Orkney and Shetland, and Pictish studies.

Language Sciences Institute (LSI).

Language Sciences Institute seeks to revitalize minority languages. The LSI will expand on the work of the Soillse project, with a special emphasis on the traditional Gaelic speaking communities of Scotland.

The Rivers and Lochs Institute.

Founded in 2012, the Institute specializes in work on molecular genetics to help conserve and maintain all rivers and lochs biodiversity, including fish stocks. The researchers work with local communities, wetlands and fisheries managers, businesses and government agencies to provide scientific support for the protection, restoration and sustainable management of wetlands biodiversity.

Postgraduate Research.

The university offers Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees in the following academic areas;  The university offers Masters by Research (MRes) degrees in the following academic areas;

Undergraduate Degrees.

The university offers undergraduate degrees in the following academic areas;

HNC / HND Degrees.

The university offers HNC / HND degrees in the following academic areas;

Student life.

Student Association.

The Highlands and Islands Students' Association (HISA) is based in the University's execute office in Inverness Campus. HISA represents all higher and further education students across the University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI) and its 13 partners. HISA hosts events including Sports Day, Freshers, Student Elections, HISA Awards and Regional Council. All university students aged over 16 are automatically a member of HISA. The Union supports more than 60 clubs and societies.

Student Accommodation.

8 campuses of The University of the Highlands and Islands offer dedicated accommodation with more than 600 rooms.  Halls of Residence located on campuses include:

Sports.

The students' association, HISA offers sports clubs include; Badminton, basketball, boxing, climbing, football, golf, mountain biking, mountaineering, paddle sports, snow sports, sab-aqua, wind & wave, and more. The university awards program for Sporting Blues was launched in March 2017, and honors its students' sporting accomplishments. The Elite Athletes Fund supports athletes currently studying at the University or one of the affiliate colleges participating at national or international level in their chosen sport and representing the university/college where possible.  A new sports complex to be situated within the Inverness campus with facilities targeted at both students and campus-based staff, but also available to the broader community in and around Inverness, is being planned. A wide variety of sports and activities will be offered at the centre.

The University of the Highlands and Islands () is a tertiary university composed of Academic Partners which are the 13 colleges and research institutions in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland delivering higher education. Its executive office is in the former Royal Northern Infirmary building in Inverness.

Die University of the Highlands and Islands ist am 2. Februar 2011 aus dem UHI Millennium Institute (UHI) hervorgegangen, einem Zusammenschluss von 13 Colleges und Forschungseinrichtungen im Gebiet Highlands and Islands von Schottland.


Plot.

San Francisco-based Dashiell Hammett, trying to put his Pinkerton detective days behind him while establishing himself as a writer, finds himself drawn back into his old life one last time by the irresistible call of friendship and to honor a debt. In 1928, Hammett, known to his librarian neighbor Kit and other acquaintances as "Sam" is holed up in a cheap apartment, hard at work at his typewriter each day. He drinks heavily, smokes too much and has coughing fits. One day, a friend and mentor from his Pinkerton days, Jimmy Ryan, turns up with a request, that Hammett help him track down a Chinese prostitute named Crystal Ling in the Chinatown district of San Francisco, an area Hammett is more familiar with than Ryan. Hammett is soon pulled into a multi-layered plot, losing the only copy of his manuscript, wondering how and why Ryan has vanished, being followed by a tough-talking gunsel, discovering a million-dollar blackmail scheme and being deceived by the diabolical Crystal, right up to a final confrontation near the San Francisco wharf.

Production.

German director Wenders was hired by Francis Ford Coppola to direct this film, his American debut feature. Coppola and the film's studio, Orion, were dissatisfied with the original cut and reshot nearly the entire film. This has subsequently led to allegations that the majority of the final cut was not directed by Wenders but by Coppola. Wenders made a short film called "Reverse Angle" documenting his disputes with Coppola surrounding the making of "Hammett". As The A.V. Club review states, "A Coppola or Wenders commentary track might have sorted things out a bit—or at least settled an old score—but the bare-bones DVD release leaves viewers with a fascinating mess". The reviewer never reveals the source of his information and the degree and nature of Coppola's involvement in the directing of the film remains open. The confusion surrounding the making of the movie "would certainly explain some of the film's oddities". In a 2015 interview, Wenders claimed that he directed the entirety of the released version. He also stated that the first version was junked and is now lost.

Casting.

Boyle took over the role of Jimmy Ryan from Brian Keith, who left allegedly because the lengthy production conflicted with other commitments. Keith can be seen in some long shots in the film. A number of actors from the "Golden Age" of Hollywood were cast in the film, including Hank Worden, Royal Dano and Elisha Cook, Jr. (who played Wilmer "the gunsel" in John Huston's 1941 film "The Maltese Falcon").

Hammett is a 1982 American neo-noir mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his own stories. Marilu Henner plays Hammett's neighbor, Kit Conger and Peter Boyle plays Jimmy Ryan, an old friend from Hammett's days as a Pinkerton agent. The film was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival.

Hammett ist der erste Hollywood-Film des deutschen Regisseurs Wim Wenders. Er entstand zwischen 1978 und 1982 nach einem Roman von Joe Gores. Der Kriminalfilm erzählt eine fiktive Geschichte aus dem Leben des Schriftstellers Dashiell Hammett.


Plot summary.

Carter Hayes (Michael Keaton) is in bed with a woman, Ann Miller (Beverly D'Angelo), when he is suddenly attacked and beaten by two men. After the men have left, Hayes calmly tells Ann, "The worst is over".  The scene shifts to San Francisco, where an unmarried couple, Drake Goodman (Matthew Modine) and Patty Palmer (Melanie Griffith), purchase an expensive 19th-century polychrome house in the exclusive Pacific Heights neighborhood. They rent one of the building's two first-floor apartments to the Watanabes, a kindly Japanese couple. Soon after, Hayes visits to view the remaining vacant unit and immediately expresses a desire to move in. Hayes drives an expensive 1977 Porsche 911 and carries large amounts of cash on his person, but is reluctant to undergo a credit check. He convinces Drake to waive the credit check in exchange for a list of references and an upfront payment of the first six months' rent, to be paid by wire transfer.  Before any of this money is paid, however, Hayes arrives unannounced one morning and shuts himself into the apartment. As the days pass, Hayes' promised wire transfer fails to materialize. From inside the apartment, sounds of loud hammering and drilling are heard at all hours of the day and night, however the door is seldom answered. When Drake finally makes an attempt to enter Hayes' apartment, he finds that the locks have been changed. Drake attempts to put an end to the constant noise and drive out Hayes by cutting the electricity and heat to the apartment, but Hayes summons the police, who side with Hayes and reprimand Drake.  Drake and Patty hire a lawyer, Stephanie MacDonald (Laurie Metcalf), however the eviction case is thwarted by Drake's actions. Hayes, safe from eviction for the time being, infests the house with cockroaches, which prompts the Watanabes to move out and pushes Drake and Patty further into debt. The heavy stress takes its toll on the couple; Drake drinks heavily and Patty suffers a miscarriage. Hayes visits the couple to offer his condolences, but an infuriated Drake attacks him and is arrested by the police, whom Hayes had already called to the scene in anticipation of an assault.  The assault allows Hayes to file a civil lawsuit against Drake and, unbeknownst to the couple, assume control of Drake's possessions and identity. Hayes also files a restraining order, which forces Drake from the building. Once Drake is gone, Hayes begins stalking and harassing Patty, in an apparent ploy to lure Drake back to the building in violation of the restraining order. The ploy succeeds, as Drake becomes concerned and comes to check on Patty. Hayes confronts Drake and shoots him, then plants a crowbar at the scene to prevent any criminal charges.  While Drake is in the hospital, the eviction is finally handed down and authorities force entry into Hayes' apartment. By this time however, Hayes has disappeared, and the apartment has been destroyed and stripped bare of all its appliances, light fixtures, wood paneling, and even the toilet. Later, while cleaning out the destroyed apartment, Patty finds an important clue: an old photograph of Hayes as a young boy. Written on the back is the name "James Danforth", which Patty deduces is Hayes' real name. She phones Bennett Fidlow (Jerry Hardin), the Texas attorney whom Danforth had provided as a reference (albeit under his Hayes alias). Fidlow confides to her that Danforth has a long history of wrongdoing and has been disowned by his family.  Patty travels to Danforth's last-known address, a condominium in Desert Spring. There she finds Ann, his girlfriend and previous co-conspirator who had earlier come looking for him in San Francisco. Ann tells Patty that Carter Hayes is the name of the property's former landlord, and that Danforth assumed Hayes' identity and took possession of the condominium after (the genuine) Hayes hired two thugs to carry out the assault shown in the film's opening scene. Ann also shows Patty a postcard from Danforth, written on the letterhead of a hotel in Century City, which had just arrived the day before.  Patty tracks down Danforth at the hotel, where he has checked in under Drake's name. Patty bluffs her way into his suite by posing as his wife, and while rummaging through his personal effects she discovers he is using legal and financial documents in Drake's name. She calls Drake and tells him to cancel all of his credit cards and freeze the couple's joint bank account. She then places an exorbitant order for room service, which leads to Danforth being arrested.  Danforth is bailed out of prison by a wealthy widow, Florence Peters (Tippi Hedren), whom he was apparently vetting to be his next victim. Once out on bail, Danforth returns to San Francisco to seek revenge against Patty and Drake. Upstairs, he bludgeons Drake with a golf club, then attacks Patty in the downstairs apartment where she is busy making repairs. A struggle ensues, and a badly-wounded Drake makes his way into the crawl space between the basement and the first-floor apartment. He reaches through a hole in the floor and grabs Danforth by the ankle; Danforth loses his balance and is killed when he falls backward and is impaled by a water supply line.  Some time later, Patty and Drake have put their newly repaired building up for sale and show the property to another couple. The story ends with the couple having a private discussion about making an offer of $850,000, which is $100,000 more than what Drake and Patty had originally paid for it.

Reception.

The film received mixed reviews from critics and has a 46% rating on the Rotten Tomatoes aggregator site, with 11 out of 24 critics giving the film a positive review. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.  Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" characterized the film as "perhaps the first eviction thriller," writing that it "taps into a previously unexplored subject, the source of so much excitement and so many conversational gambits within young urban professional circles. It is, of course, real estate." Roger Ebert called the film "a horror film for yuppies", and said the script relied on too many horror clichés. Owen Gleiberman of "Entertainment Weekly" agreed, writing, "the actors are stranded with a perfunctory, deadwood script that's all concept and no follow-through." Desson Howe of "The Washington Post" summed up the film this way: "This is a yuppie conceit; this is not interesting to human beings."  However, Chris Hicks of the "Salt Lake City Deseret News" was among the critics who praised the acting, especially of Keaton, and found enjoyment in having Patty getting her revenge on a man who had manipulated the law to wreck her dreams and hurt the man she loved. In contrast, the "Washington Post"'s Howe criticized Modine's acting, remarking that as he "... goes from clean cut boyfriend to arrested, frothing debtor in screen minutes, loses his cool so easily and maniacally, you wonder if he'll turn out to be the real psycho."  This film was listed as No. 93 on Bravo's "The 100 Scariest Movie Moments".

Location.

The story location for the film is the Pacific Heights area of San Francisco. However, the actual film location for Drake and Patty's house is in Potrero Hill in San Francisco, specifically at the corner of 19th and Texas Street. Other portions of the film were shot in Palm Springs, California.

Home video.

The film was released on VHS by CBS/Fox Video on March 21, 1991. It was then released on DVD by Warner Home Video on August 31, 1999. It was most recently released on Blu-ray by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on July 23, 2019.

Pacific Heights is a 1990 American neo noir psychological thriller film directed by John Schlesinger, written by Daniel Pyne, and starring Melanie Griffith, Matthew Modine, and Michael Keaton.

Fremde Schatten ("Pacific Heights") ist ein US-amerikanischer Thriller von John Schlesinger aus dem Jahr 1990. Die Hauptrollen spielten Melanie Griffith, Matthew Modine und Michael Keaton.


Origin of the name.

The city was named after the General Mariano Escobedo.  Escobedo was known as "Topo de los Ayala" and was under Monterrey's jurisdiction in 1830, it was until 1867 that it was separated from the San Nicolas de los Garza municipality under governor Jerónimo Treviño and was thus decreed on February 24, 1868 becoming the "Villa de Gral. Escobedo".

History.

Escobedo is one of the fastest-growing cities in Nuevo León. It has been settled for over 400 years. The land was originally known as "Los Llanos del Topo" (Hills of the Topo). The first owner of these lands was Captain José de Treviño, who was granted the territory on April 25, 1604 by Gov. Diego de Montemayor. Although Treviño was the original owner, the city itself was established by his son José de Ayala with the "Hacienda del Topo de San Nicolas Tolentino" by the time known as "Topo de los Ayala" or "Topo Grande", not to be confused with "Topo de los Gonzalez" or "Topo Chico".  In recent years Escobedo has undergone major growth, with many urban projects like shopping malls and the expansion of the "Escobedo Industrial Park.The town was the location of Blue Diamond Trucks, a joint venture between Navistar and Ford Motor Company, until that company was dissolved in 2009.  The population in year 2005 in General Escobedo was 295,131 people, 148,835 men and 146,296 women. It was the 5th most populous city in the state, representing 7.03% of the total population.  This is due to the exponential growth on expansion on commerce, neighborhoods and Industries along the municipality, Escobedo along Apodaca N.L. are the two Municipalities with the biggest growth in recent years

Sister City.

General Escobedo has one sister city.:

General Escobedo, or simply Escobedo, is a city and municipality in Nuevo León, Mexico that is part of the Monterrey Metropolitan area. As of the census of 2005, the population was 295,131 in the city and 299,364 in the municipality. The municipality has an area of around 205 km2 and shares borders to the south with San Nicolás de los Garza, Monterrey and Santa Catarina; to the north with Hidalgo and El Carmen; to the east with Apodaca and Salinas Victoria; and to the west with García. Escobedo is also the home of the Mexican Army's 7th Military Zone Army Base.

Ciudad General Escobedo ist eine Industriestadt im mexikanischen Bundesstaat Nuevo León. General Escobedo hat 352.444 Einwohner (Zensus 2010) und liegt in der Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey.


History.

Origins.

The company has its origins in two public sector electricity supply authorities. The former North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board was founded in 1943 to design, construct and manage hydroelectricity projects in the Highlands of Scotland, and took over further generation and distribution responsibilities on the nationalisation of the electricity industry within the United Kingdom in 1948.  The former Southern Electricity Board was created in 1948 to distribute electricity in Southern England. Whilst the Southern Electricity Board was a distribution only authority, with no power generation capacity of its own, the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric board was a broader spectrum organisation, with its own generating capabilities.  Because of its history and location, the Hydro-Electric Board was responsible for most of the hydroelectric generating capacity in the United Kingdom. Both authorities were privatised in 1990/91, initially retaining their pre privatisation geographic and functional bases. The North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board became Scottish Hydro-Electric, whilst the Southern Electricity Board became Southern Electric.

Post privatisation.

Scottish and Southern Energy was formed in September 1998, following a merger between Scottish Hydro-Electric and Southern Electric. In August 2000, Scottish and Southern Energy acquired the SWALEC energy supply business. SWALEC operate exclusively in Wales while SSE operates in Scotland and England.  In July 2004, the company acquired the Ferrybridge and Fiddlers Ferry Power Stations for £250million. In January 2008, it went on to buy Airtricity Holdings, an Irish wind farm business. In August 2009, it agreed to purchase Uskmouth power station from Welsh Power Group Limited. In April 2010, the company purchased the natural gas exploration and production assets of Hess Corporation in three areas of the United Kingdom Continental Shelf – Everest/Lomond, Easington and Bacton.  In January 2010, Scottish and Southern Energy changed the core company branding from Scottish and Southern Energy to SSE.

Separation of retail supply division.

In November 2017, it was announced that SSE was looking to separate from its retail subsidiary which would then merge with the npower division of rival Innogy. It was planned that SSE shareholders will own 65.6% of the demerged entity and Innogy would hold the remainder. The resulting company would have been listed on the London Stock Exchange and included npower's residential and business retail business, and SSE's residential energy supply and home services business, excluding its business in Ireland. Although the merger received preliminary regulatory clearance from the Competition and Markets Authority on 30 August 2018, and full clearance was given on 10 October 2018, it was abandoned on 17 December 2018, with the companies blaming "very challenging market conditions".  In September 2019 SSE announced that it would be selling its retail business to OVO Energy: the transaction was completed in January 2020. Ovo owns SSE Energy Services and is responsible for all it's management decisions but still uses the SSE brand under licence.

Operations.

SSE's core focus is economically regulated electricity networks and renewables. Complemented by businesses with a key role to play in enabling the net zero transition.  Its subsidiaries are organised into the main businesses of renewables, electricity transmission, electricity distribution, thermal, enterprise, energy solutions and Airtricity.

Renewables.

From onshore and offshore wind to hydro electric power, SSE Renewables develops, operates and owns the low carbon infrastructure which will support the net zero transition.

Transmission.

SSEN Transmission plays a critical role in the transition to a low carbon future, developing, building, maintaining and operating a network for net zero. Vital to net zero ambitions it transports huge quantities of clean, green renewable power over a quarter of the UK land mass across some of its most challenging terrain.

Distribution.

Economically-regulated Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks powers 4 million homes and businesses across the north of Scotland and central southern England. Employing more than 3,500 people in the development and maintenance of the modern flexible distribution network required for a low-carbon world, the business is vital to efforts to reach net zero.

Business Energy.

It supplys sector leading customer solutions for homes and businesses, from small start-ups to large national corporates and public sector clients, across the UK.

Thermal.

SSE Thermal comprises the business' flexible generation, energy-from-waste and energy storage activities, with over 600 employees across the UK and Ireland.

Enterprise.

it's Enterprise business provides innovative solutions to build, own, operate and maintain energy and communications infrastructure in the UK and Ireland.

Airtricity.

Through the SSE Airtricity brand it supplies green electricity, natural gas and energy-related services to homes and businesses in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Living wage.

SSE became the largest officially accredited Living Wage Employer in the United Kingdom in 2013. All its employees across the United Kingdom are guaranteed to receive the then-Living Wage rate of at least £7.85 an hour in 2013.

Fair Tax Mark.

In October 2014, SSE became the first company on the FTSE 100 to be awarded the Fair Tax Mark which is an independent accreditation process for identifying companies making an effort to be transparent about their tax affairs.

Ownership.

SSE plc is headquartered in Perth, Scotland and is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. SSE operates in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

SSE plc (formerly Scottish and Southern Energy plc) is an energy company headquartered in Perth, Scotland. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. SSE operates in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

SSE plc. (Bis 2010: Scottish and Southern Energy Plc) ist ein Erdgasversorgungs-, Stromversorgungs- und Telekommunikationsunternehmen mit Hauptsitz in Perth (Schottland). Die Aktien des Unternehmens sind im FTSE 100 Index gelistet.


Biography.

Harris was born and grew up in Chicago. His father was from Cuba and his mother from Mississippi. He studied music under Walter Dyett at DuSable High School, as had many other successful Chicago musicians (such as Nat King Cole, Dinah Washington, Clifford Jordan, Johnny Griffin, Gene Ammons, Julian Priester, and Bo Diddley and others). He later studied music at Roosevelt University, by which time he was proficient on piano, vibraphone, and tenor saxophone. While in college, he performed professionally with Gene Ammons.  After college, Harris was drafted into the United States Army and while serving in Europe, he was accepted into the 7th Army Band, which also included Don Ellis, Leo Wright, and Cedar Walton.  Leaving military service, he worked in New York City before returning to Chicago where he signed a contract with Vee Jay Records. His first album for Vee Jay, "Exodus to Jazz", included his own jazz arrangement of Ernest Gold's theme from the movie "Exodus". A shortened version of this track, which featured his masterful playing in the upper register of the tenor saxophone, was heavily played on radio and became the first jazz record ever to be certified gold.  The single, Exodus climbed into the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and reached No. 16 in the U.S. R&B chart. He moved to Columbia Records in 1964 and then to Atlantic Records the following year where he re-established himself. In 1965, Atlantic released "The In Sound", a bop album that won back many of his detractors.  Over the next few years, he began to perform on electric piano and the electric Varitone saxophone, and to perform a mixture of jazz and funk that sold well in both the jazz and rhythm and blues markets. In 1967, his album, "The Electrifying Eddie Harris" reached second place on the R&B charts. The album's lead track, "Listen Here", was issued as a single, climbing to No. 11 R&B and No. 45 on the Hot 100. Harris released several different versions of his composition over the years, including both studio and live concert recordings. The first appeared on an early Atlantic album, "Mean Greens", featuring him on electric piano. He was to re-work the track two years later, stretching it out to over seven minutes in length, for his iconic sax solo version. The whole track appeared on both sides of the Atlantic hit single, edited into two parts. For the 11th Annual Grammy Awards in 1968, Eddie was nominated for the Best Instrumental Jazz Performance for Small Group or Soloist with Small Group for the Album – The Electrifying Eddie Harris.  In 1969, he performed with pianist and vocalist Les McCann at the Montreux Jazz Festival. Although the musicians had been unable to rehearse, their session was so impressive that a recording of it was released by Atlantic as "Swiss Movement". This became one of the best-selling jazz albums ever and was nominated during the 13th Annual Grammy Awards (1970) for the Best Jazz Performance – Small Group or Soloist with Small Group for the Album- Swiss Movement  Harris also came up with the idea of the reed trumpet, playing one for the first time at the Newport Jazz Festival. Eddie moved from Chicago to Los Angeles in the 1970s. From 1970 to 1975, he experimented with new instruments of his own invention (the reed trumpet was a trumpet with a saxophone mouthpiece, the was a saxophone with a trombone mouthpiece, and the guitorgan was a combination of guitar and organ), with singing the blues, with jazz-rock (he recorded an album with Steve Winwood, Jeff Beck, Albert Lee, Ric Grech, Zoot Money, Ian Paice and other rockers). He also started singing comic R&B/blues songs, such as "That is Why You're Overweight" and "Eddie Who?".  In 1975, however, he alienated some of his audience with his album "The Reason Why I'm Talking S--t", which consisted mainly of comedy. After recording for Atlantic for over 12 years, Eddie left the record company after completing his final album for the label in 1977. He then signed with RCA Records and recorded two albums.  Harris died of congestive heart failure in Los Angeles on November 5, 1996, at the age of 62.

Discography.

As sideman.

With Buddy Montgomery With Bernard Purdie With Cedar Walton With Ellis Marsalis, Jr. With Horace Parlan  With Horace Silver  With John Scofield

Eddie Harris (October 20, 1934 – November 5, 1996) was an American jazz musician, best known for playing tenor saxophone and for introducing the electrically amplified saxophone. He was also fluent on the electric piano and organ. His best-known compositions are "Freedom Jazz Dance", recorded and popularized by Miles Davis in 1966, and "Listen Here."

Eddie Harris (* 20. Oktober 1934 in Chicago, Illinois; † 5. November 1996 in Los Angeles) war ein US-amerikanischer Jazzmusiker (Tenorsaxophon, auch Klavier, Gesang, weitere Instrumente, Komposition). Obwohl er der erste Jazzmusiker war, der für eine Auskopplung aus seinem Album "Exodus to Jazz" eine Goldene Schallplatte erhielt, wurden seine Einbeziehung verschiedener Musikrichtungen in den Jazz und komödiantische Momente in seinen Auftritten von vielen Jazzkritikern als Anlass genommen, ihn nicht als ernstzunehmenden Jazzmusiker anzusehen. Seine Komposition "Freedom Jazz Dance" entwickelte sich Ende der 1960er Jahre zum Jazzstandard.


Reasons for smuggling.

Many individuals who consent to being smuggled are escaping poverty and hardship, seeking opportunities and better conditions abroad, or escaping natural disaster, conflict, or persecution. Others may be seeking asylum. While many who are smuggled are poor and uneducated, there are also others who belong to the educated middle class. As such, perhaps the only generalization that can be made about smuggled individuals is that they are all on a quest for a better life.

Smuggling operations.

People smuggling operations range from small to large-scale actors operating in a transnational market. Small-scale smugglers generally arrange all aspects of the smuggling operations themselves. However, more commonly, smugglers engage and do business within a larger smuggling network where there is a division of work among the actors involved. In the past, smuggling rings tended to be more obscure, amateurish, and limited. As people smuggling has continued to grow, however, smuggling rings are far more extensive and organized. In Mexico, as Jim Chaparro—head of the anti-smuggling office at the US Immigration and Naturalization Service—puts it, the once small and informal smuggling business has evolved into a powerful web of "literally hundreds of syndicates, some at a low level and some at the kingpin level". (In fact, as the flow of illegal immigrants into the United States from Mexico has become more organized, there has opened an opportunity for smuggling groups within Mexico to market their services to non-Mexicans. Indeed, smuggling operations are often complex and smuggled persons often make stops at countries across the globe before arriving at their final destination.)  A Lebanese-Mexican Symbiotic smuggling network involved in human smuggling into the United States of America that came to the attention of law enforcement and counterintelligence has been described in the literature.  Over the years, smuggling has evolved into a sophisticated service industry, with certain routes and enclaves used by smugglers becoming practically institutionalized; for example: from Mexico and Central America to the United States, from West Asia through Greece and Turkey to Western Europe, and within East and Southeast Asia. Responsible for the flourishing business of people smuggling are a combination of interacting factors, from weak legislation and lax border controls to corrupt officials and the power of organized crime.  The complexity of the smuggling network is dependent upon the route to be taken and the nature of the journey. For routes that are well-known and tested, smugglers may function more as family enterprises and utilize fairly contained operations. The more complex the route, however, the more members of the smuggling network must be recruited. In general, the infrastructure of the people smuggling business is nontraditional, with no clearly identifiable organization and no rigid structure. The network of smugglers is diffused and decentralized. Smugglers form temporary business alliances, and the organization of smugglers can best be understood and described as ad hoc task forces, in which activities are specialized and controlled by individuals that deal with each other on a one-to-one basis. In the business of people smuggling, there is no single "godfather" figure who commands the activities of subordinates; rather, individuals conduct business on equal grounds and tend to consider themselves free agents. In fact, according to a Los Angeles-based smuggler, "The division of labor is really clear and refined. Everyone involved is useful in his own way and does his own thing only. There is no leadership in any smuggling rings. Leadership will not emerge because the work involved is so specialized".  According to Frontex, people smugglers give detailed descriptions of benefits of individual EU countries so they can compare the available benefits of for instance Sweden, Denmark and Germany before applying for asylum.

Smuggling vs. trafficking.

A concerted international focus on defining and responding to migrant smuggling only occurred in the 1990s. This focus followed sharp rises in irregular migration to the United States, and to Europe in the 1980s and 90s. A focus on those who facilitate irregular migration - rather than migrants themselves - was seen as a critical element of any response. The resulting legal framework was the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air (Migrant Smuggling Protocol), that supplements the parent instrument, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.  The Migrant Smuggling Protocol does not provide a complete or self-contained legal regime. It exists as part of a "dense web of rights, obligations and responsibilities drawn not just from the Protocol and Convention but also from the law of the sea, human rights law, and refugee law".  An important distinction to make is that between human smuggling and human trafficking. Given the complex nature of human smuggling and trafficking operations, the difference between these two criminal operations is not always readily apparent. Delineating between the two involves taking closer look at the subtle differences between each.  Generally speaking, human trafficking involves transporting individuals from one place to another either against their will or under some sort of false pretense. With smuggling, on the other hand, there is understood to be an agreement between smuggler and customer, a meeting of the minds and a contract between the two. These differences can similarly be detected in the Trafficking and Smuggling Protocols (more commonly known as the Palermo Protocols) passed by the UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime. The Palermo Protocols frame the difference between smuggling and trafficking around the dichotomy of coercion and consent: whereas people who are trafficked are considered "victims" or "survivors", individuals who are smuggled are seen as having engaged willingly in an enterprise that one or both of the bordering countries consider illegal. (This dichotomous framework is particularly evident in the protections afforded for each group. The Trafficking Protocol addresses the need for protection of trafficked persons and provides for a broad range of protective measures, while the Smuggling Protocol contains minimal reference to protections for smuggled persons).  More specifically, below are three main technical differences between smuggling and trafficking, which are as follows:  The recognition of trafficked persons as "victims" but smuggled migrants as "objects" of a process is a principal point of difference between how international law treats trafficked and smuggled migrants. Nonetheless, it is important to recognise that in reality and in law, smuggled migrants can still be victims of crime - whether this is theft, fraud, sexual assault, deprivation of liberty or even human trafficking.  Sometimes there is a gender dimension to the distinction between smuggling and trafficking: those who are smuggled are often assumed to be mostly men, whereas victims of trafficking are more commonly assumed to be women and children.

Major players.

With smugglers operating from numerous countries across the globe, there are myriad minor and major players within the people smuggling scene. Of wide and notable repute, however, are the Snakeheads and Coyotes, which operate in the business of smuggling Chinese and Mexican migrants, respectively.

Snakeheads.

The name "Snakehead" refers to those underground players who operate in facilitating the illicit transport of Chinese migrants into countries like the United States and other Western countries. (The name originates from the fact that the lines of emigrants sneaking under borders is said to look like a snake.) Operating in an extensive transnational black market, Snakeheads reap considerable profits from their smuggling operations and both are regarded and consider themselves not as criminals but as resourceful guides. The earliest snakeheads went into business around the 1970s ferrying customers from Fuzhou or Changle into Hong Kong. Today, Snakehead operations have expanded enormously into other countries; however, the majority of Snakehead customers still originate from the Fujian province in China. One of the most notable Snakeheads was Sister Ping, who ran a successful and extensive smuggling operation in New York from 1984 to 2000, when she was finally caught by authorities following the disaster involving the "Golden Venture".

Coyotes.

"Coyotes" is the name for smugglers who facilitate the migration of people across the Mexico–United States, and Bolivia–Chile borders. Another term used for minors who smuggle people across the Mexico–United States border is "polleros". Once dominated by local smugglers charging relatively small sums, the business landscape has changed as larger, well-organized syndicates have entered the smuggling industry in Mexico. Over the years, Coyotes have become more sophisticated in their operations, as technological advances have allowed them to streamline and add further complexity to their business.

Facts and figures.

Virtually every country in the world is affected by people smuggling, be it in the capacity of country of origin, transit, or destination. While reliable data is scarce, experts note that "current estimates place the number of irregular migrants worldwide at up to thirty million and that a substantial proportion of these persons can be expected to have used the services of smugglers at one or more points in their journey".  People smuggling between the United States and Mexico is a booming business that, as of 2003, garnered over $5 billion a year. Similarly, in the EU, profits from people smuggling operations is estimated to be around €4 billion per year.  People smuggling is a dangerous operation and has frequently resulted in the death of those individuals being smuggled. In 2004, 464 recorded deaths took place during the crossing from Mexico to the United States, and each year, an estimated 2000 people drown in the Mediterranean on the journey from Africa into Europe.  On 14 September 2018, US media reported that Jacklyn the 7-year-old from Guatemala had died while in custody of US Customs. The girl's family denied she did not have enough food to eat before she died.

Estimated number of smuggled individuals.

Because of the clandestine nature of people smuggling operations, information currently available is scattered and incomplete. As such, verifiable or even reliable figures are difficult, if not impossible to come by, and the data on the number of smuggled individuals is tenuous at best. However, as of 2005, it was estimated that upwards of 350,000 illegal immigrants are smuggled across America's border from Mexico each year, and as many as 800,000 enter the European Union.

Estimated costs of smuggling.

Smugglers' fees vary from destination to destination, but on the whole, they have risen dramatically over the years. The prices paid to human smugglers by immigrants vary depending on the geographic location. For border crossings such as from Mexico into the United States, human smugglers can charge up to $4,000, while trans-Pacific crossings of, for example, Chinese immigrants into the United States can cost up to $75,000. These prices are significantly steeper than they were a decade ago, as demand for smuggling services continues to rise, operations become more complex, and costs of smuggling individuals become higher.

Criminal elements.

People smuggling – specifically migrant smuggling – constitutes criminal conduct. A significant contributing factor behind the success of smuggling operations comes from the participation of corrupt officials. However, criminal elements of smuggling may reach beyond the sphere of human smuggling. In a testimony before Congress, William D. Cadman – INS counterterrorism coordinator – stated, "Organized crime syndicates...are known to use alien-smuggling operations to support and further their criminal objectives". Given the dangerous and clandestine criminal nature of people smuggling operations, smuggled persons are sometimes at risk of becoming victims of other crimes. Aside from subjection to unsafe conditions in their journeys to their destinations, smuggled individuals may also be subject to physical or sexual abuse or placed in hostage-like conditions until their debts are paid off. Others might face exploitation or be forced to participate in other criminal activities during their journey as smuggled individuals. Because smuggling can generate substantial profits for those involved, which in turn can fuel corruption and organized crime in countries traveled from, through, or to during the smuggling process.  Countries that have ratified the Migrant Smuggling Protocol are obligated to ensure migrant smuggling offences are criminal in their national laws. The UN has produced a Model Law that sets out minimum and recommended provisions for national laws on migrant smuggling. This includes model criminal offence provisions (see further, UNODC, Model Law against the Smuggling of Migrants).

Drug trafficking.

Given the clandestine but booming nature of people smuggling operations – especially in places like Mexico – drug cartels have also begun tapping into the smuggling network. Cartels have made money not only by taxing Coyotes but also directly engaging in the business of smuggling. In the late 1990s, Mexican drug cartels began initially moving into people smuggling by taxing Coyotes for leading bands of smuggled people across cartel-controlled territory. As these drug cartels have gotten more directly involved, however, they are beginning to play a more central role in the business of people smuggling and often exploit individuals - seen as human cargo - and using them by loading them up with backpacks full of marijuana. Sometimes, the costs of the expensive journey may be defrayed as migrants serve as "mules", carrying drugs out of Mexico.  The questions of whether smuggling groups or syndicates would smuggle two different types of contraband at the same time (Multiple Consignment Contraband) (MCC) has been debated within and between law enforcement and intelligence analysts. Furthermore, if this type of smuggling is occurring, which types of MCC are most likely to be bundled together and which type of smuggling group (defined by level of sophistication) would engage in MCC and which regions in the world are most likely to be confronted with MCC also has been discussed by these analysts. The Lichtenwald, Perri and MacKenzie article identified sixteen cases of different smuggling groups smuggling more than one type of contraband at the same time. Four of the sixteen cases involved MCC human and drug smuggling. Three of the four MCC human and drug smuggling organizations were targeting the United States of America.

Law enforcement and discouragement.

Thus far, global efforts to curb and stymie the growing tide of smuggled individuals have been largely focused on the apprehension and deportation of individual migrants. Little has been done in the way of dismantling the organizations behind the business of people smuggling. According to the UNODC, "[t]ackling migrant smuggling necessitates a comprehensive, multi-dimensional response, which begins with addressing the socio-economic root causes of irregular migration to prevent it, and goes through to prosecution of criminals who commit smuggling-related crimes". At the same time, scientific studies on the counterproductive aspects of security policies have shown "how smugglers, as a category of actors playing a specific part in the global migration process, are directly manufactured by the migration policies". Other proposals include focusing not on banning or trying to stifle the smuggling industry, but on undercutting it. Michael Jandl from the International Center for Migration Policy Development, an intergovernmental think-tank based in Vienna, has suggested that governments issue temporary visas in the smugglers' best markets at fees priced to compete with the smugglers' rates. Under this proposed plan, one-third of the visa fee could be returned to immigrants upon their departure, and opportunities to purchase additional visas in the future would be available for those who did not break any rules.

People smuggling (also called human smuggling), under US law, is "the facilitation, transportation, attempted transportation or illegal entry of a person or persons across an international border, in violation of one or more countries' laws, either clandestinely or through deception, such as the use of fraudulent documents".

Menschenschmuggel bezeichnet die illegale Verbringung von Menschen über internationale Grenzen. Der Menschenschmuggel umfasst sowohl Aspekte der illegalen Fluchthilfe wie auch Verbringungen im Kontext von Menschenhandel in der Prostitution, modernem Sklavenhandel und ähnlicher Schattenwirtschaft.


Construction.

In the following description, call the 3 containers: And three pipes:  It is okay if A is closed and airtight, but it doesn't need to. B and C, however, need to be airtight, and resistant to atmospheric pressure. Plastic bottles will do, but a glass container will do better; balloons will just not work. This is because the fountain works the following way:  These principles explain the construction:

Motion.

Heron's fountain is not a perpetual motion machine. If the nozzle of the spout is narrow, it may play for several minutes, but it eventually comes to a stop. The water coming out of the tube may go higher than the level in any container, but the net flow of water is downward. If, however, the volumes of the air supply and fountain supply containers are designed to be much larger than the volume of the basin, with the flow rate of water from the nozzle of the spout being held constant, the fountain could operate for a far greater time interval.  Its action may seem less paradoxical if considered as a siphon, but with the upper arch of the tube removed, and the air pressure between the two lower containers providing the positive pressure to lift the water over the arch. The device is also known as Heron's siphon.  The gravitational potential energy of the water which falls a long way from the basin into the lower container is transferred by pneumatic pressure tube (only air is moved upwards at this stage) to push the water from the upper container a short way above the basin.  The fountain can spout (almost) as high above the upper container as the water falls from the basin into the lower container. For maximum effect, place the upper container as closely beneath the basin as possible and place the lower container a long way beneath both.  As soon as the water level in the upper container has dropped so low that the water bearing tube no longer touches the water surface, the fountain stops. In order to make the fountain play again, the air supply container is emptied of water, and the fountain supply container and the basin are refilled. Lifting the water provides the energy required.

Reiterative motion and variants.

As previously mentioned, the fountain will stop working when water from B has dropped to C. There are ways, however, to make it work again, such as:  There also exist fountains with two liquids of different colors and density.

Geological phenomena.

It is possible that geysers operate via this mechanism, with the distinction that the spouting of the water at the surface occurs discontinuously. Furthermore, unlike Heron's fountain, which requires that the air supply container be manually emptied of water, geysers have an analogous "air supply container" that is steadily heated by geothermal energy. When the water level in the air supply container becomes too high, the geothermal heat flux causes the water to boil off and therefore naturally empty the container of water and replace it with water vapor instead of air.

In popular culture.

An example of Heron's fountain, built by Larry Fleinhardt, was featured in the 8th episode (titled "Tabu") of the 4th season of the television show "Numb3rs".  Heron's Fountain was featured in the first episode of "How Britain Worked" hosted by Guy Martin.

Heron's fountain is a hydraulic machine invented by the 1st century AD inventor, mathematician, and physicist Heron of Alexandria (also known as Hero of Alexandria).

Ein Heronsbrunnen ist ein nach seinem Erfinder Heron von Alexandria benannter Brunnen, der ohne Einfluss von außen scheinbar endlos arbeitet. In Wahrheit wird Wasser aus einem Reservoir in ein höherliegendes Becken gepumpt, so dass die Fontäne durch das Zusammenspiel des Luftdrucks und der verbundenen Behälter am Laufen gehalten wird, bis das Ausgangsreservoir leer ist. Je nach Baugröße kann ein solcher "Heronsbrunnen" stundenlang funktionieren, ohne dass von außen Arbeit geleistet oder Energie zugefügt werden muss. Er ist jedoch kein Perpetuum mobile.


History.

The Braunvieh is a traditional breed of triple-purpose cattle from the Alpine region, particularly Switzerland; it was reared as a draft beast, for its milk and for its meat. The Braunvieh was first imported to the United States in 1869, when seven cows and a bull were shipped to one Henry M. Clark in Belmont, Massachusetts. Between then and 1906, when cattle imports to the United States were banned because of fear of disease, many more were imported, sometimes by immigrants arriving from Europe. The American Brown Swiss descends from a total of 167 imported parent animals. A breed society, the Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders' Association, was formed in 1880; the first herd-book dates from 1889. By the end of the century breeding was directed towards dairy qualities; a production register for cows was opened in 1911. From about 1940 the breed became more diffused across the United States. In the mid-twentieth century, intensive selective breeding for dairy characteristics and excessive inbreeding led to a loss of genetic diversity, and also to an increase in transmissible genetic defects such as the recessive factors for bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy ("weaver disease") and spinal muscular atrophy, both of which have a high percentage of carriers in the Brown Swiss (2.6% and 9.2% respectively).  The Brown Swiss was exported – either on the hoof or in the form of embryos or semen – to many countries of the world. It has been much used for cross-breeding, notably with many of the original Alpine breeds of brown cattle in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. In 1990 the global population was estimated to be approximately seven million head.

Characteristics.

The American Brown Swiss is of medium size. The coat is usually a light grayish brown, but varies from almost white to gray or dark brown. There may some shading in the coat, with the forequarters often darker than the legs and hind parts. The muzzle is black, ringed with creamy white.

Use.

The milk of the Brown Swiss is unique, having longer-chain fatty acids than other popular dairy breeds and smaller fat globules in the cream; this difference means that cream rises much more slowly in milk from Brown Swiss cows. This difference, and the ratio of protein to fat in the milk, is ideal for cheesemaking.

The Brown Swiss or American Brown Swiss is an American breed of dairy cattle. It derives from the traditional triple-purpose Braunvieh of the Alpine region of Europe, but has diverged substantially from it. It was selectively bred for dairy qualities only, and its draft and beef capabilities were lost. Milk yield was measured in 2013 at per year; the milk has about 4% butterfat and 3.5% protein and is suitable for making cheese.

Die Rinderrasse Brown-Swiss wird im Wesentlichen in Nordamerika (USA und Kanada) gezüchtet. Bereits im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert wurden Tiere des Braunviehes aus der Schweiz nach Nordamerika importiert. In den USA wurde aus diesen Tieren die neue Rasse Brown-Swiss (dt. Braune Schweizer) mit hoher Milchleistung und geringem Milchfettgehalt gezüchtet.


Trophy.

The Uber Cup trophy was officially presented at the annual general meeting in 1956, the year the first Uber Cup tournament was first held. It was made by Mappin & Webb, prominent silversmiths on Regent Street in London. The trophy is 20 inches high with a rotating globe on top of a plinth and a female player standing on top of a shuttlecock.

Successful national teams.

So far, only five countries have won the Uber Cup with China the most successful team, with 14 titles, followed by Japan (six titles), Indonesia (three titles), the United States (three titles) and Korea (one title). The Uber Cup has only spread to two continents so far: Asia and North America.  Nine teams have made it into the finals. The finalists other than the five winner countries above are Denmark, England, the Netherlands and Thailand. Sweden, Germany, Chinese Taipei and India are the other four teams which have made it into the final four.

Team appearances at the final stages.

, 24 teams have qualified in the history of the competition for the final stages of the Uber Cup. Asia is the continent with the most teams, at ten, followed by Europe with eight. The Americas and Oceania have each had two teams that qualified, while South Africa and Mauritius are the only team that has qualified from Africa.  Below is the list of teams that have appeared in the final stage of Uber Cup as of the 2018 tournament.

The Uber Cup, sometimes called the World Team Championships for Women, is a major international badminton competition contested by women's national badminton teams. First held in 1956–1957 and contested at three year intervals, it has been contested every two years since 1984 when its scheduled times and venues were merged with those of Thomas Cup, the world men's team championship. In 2007, the Badminton World Federation decided to have Thomas and Uber Cup finals separated again but the proposal was ultimately abandoned. The Uber Cup is named after a former British women's badminton player, Betty Uber, who in 1950 had the idea of hosting a women's event similar to the men's. She also made the draw for the 1956–1957 inaugural tournament, which took place at Lytham St. Annes in Lancashire, England.

Der Uber Cup ist die Mannschaftsweltmeisterschaft im Badminton für die Damen-Nationalmannschaften. Im Tennis wäre die vergleichbare Veranstaltung der Fed Cup. Der Uber Cup gehört zu den weltweit fünf Turnieren der 7*-Kategorie.


Life.

Born in 1906 in Düsseldorf, Mertens came from Catholic working-class roots in the Rhineland. His father was a steel worker and his mother came from a family of Jewish craftsmen. He was denied access to the Gymnasium for financial reasons. After commercial studies (1919-1922) and about six months in the missionary school of the Franciscan Order in Moresnet in 1923, he headed to Vienna to join the "Herrgottsknechten". These were young Catholics who did social work free of charge while renouncing official titles and organizational structure and leading a consciously modest life. In 1925, Mertens published the book "Ruf zur Wende – Blätter zur katholischen Erneuerung" ("Call for a Change - Guide to Catholic Renewal"). In Vienna he also joined a group affiliated with Catholic social reformer Anton Orel (1881-1959) publisher of the weekly "Das neue Volk" ("The New People"). Mertens however came to regard Orel's social-romantic anticapitalism as out-of-date and unsuitable for everyday living and, while preferring socialism to capitalism, nevertheless rejected the materialistic and atheistic elements of Marxist doctrine. Mertens was also repelled by Orel's anti-Semitism.  In 1926, through the intervention of the People's Association for Catholic Germany, Mertens found a position in the mission department of the Düsseldorf office for the Union of Catholic Youth ("Katholischen Jungmännervereine"). Because of his public support for socialism, he was soon dismissed at the instigation of General-President Ludwig Wolker (1887-1955). He then joined the editorial board of the Social Democratic "Rheinische Zeitung" on the recommendation of Wilhelm Sollmann (1881-1951) and became the editor of the supplement "The Tribune", an ongoing dialogue between Christians and socialists. He likely joined the Social Democratic Party at this time, though he remained a critic.  In 1928 he founded the "Association of Catholic Socialists of Germany" and gave it a voice with the monthly publication "Red Book of Catholic Socialists" ("Roten Blatt der katholischen Sozialisten"). The association's headquarters was located in Cologne and members came mainly from the ranks of the Social Democrats. Some young chaplains also contributed under pseudonyms. The Red Book, which was published from January 1929 until November / December 1930, had about 1800 subscribers, predominantly Catholic corporations, intellectuals, and Catholic and Protestant theologians. In January 1931, the "Red Book" was merged with the "Newspaper for Religion and Socialism", a voice for Protestant socialists, published by Georg Wünsch in 1929. The publisher was Wünsch, and Heinrich Mertens took the lead.  A prominent member of the association was Ernst Michel, head of the "Academy of Labour" founded by the unions in Frankfurt in 1921. Their goal of combining Catholic faith with socialist thought was, however, achieved only to a limited extent. The Social Democratic Party showed little interest in the organization because it could not demonstrate significant growth in party membership, and on the Catholic side, the 1931 papal encyclical "Quadragesimo anno" emphasized the fundamental incompatibility of Christianity and socialism.  As a scholar supported by the Abraham Lincoln Stiftung (endowed by the Rockefeller Foundation), Mertens studied philosophy, economics, pedagogy and psychology during the summer semester of 1932 in Frankfurt. On the basis of his high examination scores, he was admitted to university in the spring of 1932 without a certificate of matriculation. In the Mainmetropole, he worked especially at the Institute for Social Research, where he also made contacts with Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer. However, after the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 and the subsequent cancellation of the Lincoln scholarship funds for political reasons, he was forced to leave early.  Later Mertens got a job at the "Frankfurter Sender" newspaper. While in this position he even joined the Sturmabteilung and hoped vainly for a "second revolution" within National Socialism, of socialists against nationalists.  In February 1936, Mertens was arrested by the Gestapo as part of the trial of the Catholic priest Joseph Rossaint (1902-1991) on the charge of high treason. Mertens was accused of having illegal Marxist ambitions, but he was released again after a month-and-a-half. During the Second World War, Mertens found a job at the office of the Berliner publishing house. He made contact here with various resistance groups and provided assistance to Jews living undercover.  With the end of the war, Heinrich Mertens was appointed mayor of Eisleben by the US armed forces on April 14, 1945, a position which he held until 31 October. He participated in the founding of the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDP). As the LDP candidate he succeeded Theodor Lieser as mayor of Haale, and after the local electoral victory by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, became on 26 September 1946 the mayor of by Jena. In 1947, he fled with his wife Maria and two daughters to the West. Among other roles, he was a correspondent for "Die Welt", head of the press department for the German Trade Union Confederation, employee at Westdeutscher Rundfunk Cologne; publisher of the newspaper "Ost-West-Handel" ("East-West Trade"). At this time, he was once again active in the SPD. He was close to the future Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia, Heinz Kühn (SPD). He died in 1968 in Austria in a traffic accident.

Heinrich Mertens (6 February 1906–16 June 1968) was a German publicist, editor of the magazine "The Red Book of Catholic Socialists", and mayor of Halle and Jena.

Heinrich Mertens (* 6. Februar 1906 in Düsseldorf; † 16. Juni 1968 in Österreich) war Publizist und Herausgeber der Monatsschrift „Das Rote Blatt der katholischen Sozialisten“ sowie Oberbürgermeister von Halle und Jena. 1947 flüchtete er aus der sowjetischen Besatzungszone.


History.

Henry Whitney Bellows, (1814-1882), a Massachusetts clergyman, planned the USSC and served as its only president. According to "The Wall Street Journal", "its first executive secretary was Frederick Law Olmsted, (1822-1903), the famed landscape architect who designed New York's Central Park". George Templeton Strong, (1820-1875), New York lawyer and diarist, helped found the commission and served as treasurer and member of the executive committee.  In June 1861, the Sanitary Commission set up its central office inside the United States Treasury Building, just east of the Executive Mansion (now the White House), on Pennsylvania Avenue and 15th Street in central Washington, D.C. By late October 1861, the USSC Central Office and the U.S. War Department had received detailed studies and reports from the Sanitary Inspectors of more than four hundred regimental camp inspections. The rapidly crowded events of those first six months of the war displayed the sheer gravity of the situation in which the adjustment to the means and agencies were desperately needed to ensure a high health-rate in all those untrained Union Army regiments.  Immediately following the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, the first orders and receipts submitted to the Central Office began to arrive from the military Union Army hospitals at Alexandria, Virginia, and Washington, D.C., requesting water-beds, small tables for writing in bed, iron wire cradles for protecting wounded limbs, dominoes, checkerboards, Delphinium and hospital gowns for the wounded.  The demands of the war soon required more frequent decision-making. This led to the creation of the Standing Committee, which met on a nearly daily basis in New York City where most of its members resided. The Standing Committee initially consisted of five commissioners who retained their position for the entire war: Henry W. Bellows, George Templeton Strong, William H. Van Buren, M.D., Cornelius R. Agnew, M.D., and Wolcott Gibbs, M.D.  In addition to setting up and staffing hospitals, the USSC operated 30 soldiers' homes, lodges, or rest houses for traveling or disabled Union soldiers. Most of these closed shortly after the war. Also active in the association was Colonel Leavitt Hunt, (1831-1907), a New York lawyer and pioneering photographer. In January 1864, he wrote to 16th President Abraham Lincoln's secretary John George Nicolay asking that Nicolay forward him any documents he might have available with the President's signature. Hunt's mother, the widow of Vermont congressman Jonathan Hunt, planned to attach Lincoln's signature to copies of several casts of the President's hand, to be sold to raise funds for the war effort. Other fund raising events included the famous 50 pound sack of flour that was auctioned off by Reuel Colt Gridley. By auctioning off the same sack of flour, which was then re-donated to be sold again, Gridley eventually raised more than $250,000.00 for the Sanitary Commission.  States could use their own tax money to supplement the Commission's work, as Ohio did. Under the energetic leadership of Governor David Tod, a War Democrat who won office on a coalition "Union Party" ticket with Republicans, Ohio acted vigorously. Following the unexpected carnage at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862, it sent three steamboats to the scene as floating hospitals with doctors, nurses and medical supplies. The state fleet expanded to eleven hospital ships. The state also set up 12 local offices in main transportation nodes to help Ohio soldiers moving back and forth.  The government constructed the Pension Building in Washington, DC to handle all the staff to process the pension requests and administer them. It is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. After the war, the USSC volunteers continued to work with Union Army veterans to secure their bounties, back pay, and apply for pensions. It supported the "health and hygiene" of the veterans. They had a Department of General Relief which accepted donations for veterans, too. The USSC organization was finally disbanded in May 1866.

Women in the USSC.

Arising from a meeting in New York City of the Women's Central Relief Association of New York, the organization was also inspired by the British Sanitary Commission of the Crimean War. The American volunteers raised money (estimated at $25 million), collected donations, made uniforms, worked as nurses, ran kitchens in army camps, and administered hospital ships, soldiers' homes, lodges, and rests for traveling or disabled soldiers. They organized Sanitary Fairs in numerous cities to support the Federal army with funds and supplies, and to raise funds for the work of the USSC. Women who were prominent in the organization, often traveling great distances, and working in harsh conditions, included Louisa May Alcott, Almira Fales, Eliza Emily Chappell Porter, Katherine Prescott Wormeley, and many others.  Dorothea Dix, serving as the commission's superintendent, convinced the medical corps of the value of women working in their hospitals. Over 15,000 women volunteered to work in hospitals, usually in nursing care. They assisted surgeons during procedures, gave medicines, supervised the feedings and cleaned the bedding and clothes. They gave good cheer, wrote letters the men dictated, and comforted the dying. A representative nurse was Helen L. Gilson (1835–68) of Chelsea, Massachusetts, who served in Sanitary Commission. She supervised supplies, dressed wounds, and cooked special foods for patients on a limited diet. She worked in hospitals after the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg. She was a successful administrator, especially at the hospital for black soldiers at City Point, Virginia. The middle-class women who volunteered provided vitally needed nursing services and were rewarded with a sense of patriotism and civic duty in addition to the opportunity to demonstrate their skills and gain new ones, while receiving wages and sharing the hardships of the men.  Mary Livermore, Mary Ann Bickerdyke, and Annie Wittenmeyer played leadership roles. After the war some nurses wrote memoirs of their experiences; examples include Dix, Livermore, Sarah Palmer Young, and Sarah Emma Edmonds. Bridget Diver also worked for the Commission.

Sanitary Fairs.

From the outset, many local groups sponsored fund-raising events to benefit the Commission. As the war progressed these became larger and more elaborate. In February of 1863, the women of Lowell, Massachusetts, organized a two-day "Mammoth Fair" occupying two exhibition halls and netting over four thousand dollars for the cause. Groups in other cities soon adopted this plan. Organizing these Sanitary Fairs offered ways for local communities to be directly part of supporting the war effort of the nation. The largest Sanitary Fair during the war was held in Chicago from October 27 to November 7, 1863. Called the Northwestern Soldiers' Fair, it raised almost $100,000 for the war effort. It included a six-mile-long parade of militiamen, bands, political leaders, delegations from various local organizations, and a contingent of farmers, who presented carts full of their crops. Chicago's Northwestern Soldiers' Fair included a "Curiosity Shop" of war souvenirs and Americana. Its organizers intended its displays of weapons, slavery artifacts and other items to illustrate for Union visitors the contrast between the "barbaric" Southern enemy and the "civilized" North. The fairs generally involved large-scale exhibitions, including displays of art, mechanical technology, and period rooms. These sorts of displays called upon ideas of the American past, a history that local communities held in common. Often, different communities competed with each other over their donations to the national cause. People in various cities and towns across the North contributed to the same war effort because they identified as having shared fortunes in their common nation.  The USSC leadership sometimes did not approve of the excitement and lavishness of the fairs. They wanted to encourage sacrifice as a component of membership in a nation. Although the fairs were one way to create a national identity which might motivate citizens to perform their duties, the commission leadership did not want the fairs to become the focus of USSC work.  Chicago held a second sanitary fair from April 27, 1865 to June 21, 1865 and the women organizers published a newspaper entitled Voice of the Fair that was distributed at the event.

Legacy.

The U.S. Sanitary Commission is memorialized by a group of re-enactors who portray the Boston branch of the commission at various civic events, educational programs, and Civil War re-enactments. The group is based out of the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts.

The United States Sanitary Commission (USSC) was a private relief agency created by federal legislation on June 18, 1861, to support sick and wounded soldiers of the United States Army (Federal / Northern / Union Army) during the American Civil War. It operated across the North, raised an estimated $25 million in Civil War era revenue (assuming 1865 dollars, $ million in ) and in-kind contributions to support the cause, and enlisted thousands of volunteers. The president was Henry Whitney Bellows, and Frederick Law Olmsted acted as executive secretary. It was modeled on the British Sanitary Commission, set up during the Crimean War (1853-1856), and from the British parliamentary report published after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 ("Sepoy Rebellion").

Die United States Sanitary Commission (USSC) war eine von 1861 bis 1866 bestehende Einrichtung der Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten, welche die Hilfsaktivitäten von Freiwilligen während des amerikanischen Bürgerkrieges unterstützte und koordinierte. Den Anstoß für die Gründung gab ein Treffen von Frauen aus einflussreichen und wohlhabenden Familien der amerikanischen Gesellschaft sowie von Mitgliedern verschiedener bereits bestehender Hilfsorganisationen in New York im April 1861. Die offizielle Gründung erfolgte nach der Unterzeichnung eines entsprechenden Gesetzes am 18. Juni des gleichen Jahres durch den damaligen Präsidenten Abraham Lincoln. Dieser war zu diesem Zeitpunkt allerdings nicht vom Nutzen einer solchen Einrichtung überzeugt und nannte sie das „fünfte Rad am Wagen“.


Sociolinguistic Features.

In the words of Georges Lacombe, because of the special features of this dialect, Euskera could well be divided into two groups of dialects: Biscayan and the rest. He argued that this dialect was so different from the rest, that the isoglosses separating it from the adjacent dialects (Gipuzkoan or central) are so close to each other that form a clear line; that is, the phonetic-phonological, morphosyntactic and lexical features of Biscayan coincide geographically to the point of creating a distinctively clear and defined dialectical border.  Because of these differences both with the rest of the Basque dialects and also with Standard Basque or Batua, and respecting their corresponding uses, the Euskaltzaindia has produced a Model for Written Biscayan (in Basque: "Bizkaieraren idatzizko ereduaren finkapenak"), a set of rules mainly focused on morphosyntax. The official use of the dialects of Euskera is regulated through Regulation 137 of the Euskaltzaindia, according to which the use of Batua should be limited to the fields of communication, administration and teaching.  Since 1997 and according to the new dialectical classification realized by Koldo Zuazo, author of ""Euskalkiak. Herriaren lekukoak"" (Elkar, 2004), the name given to Biscayan is the Western Dialect, due to its use not being limited to the province of Biscay, but with users in some Gipuzkoan regions such as Debagoiena (mainly) and Debabarrena, and also some Alavan municipalities such as Aramaio (Aramayona) and Legutio (Villarreal).  According to study by Yrizar, this dialect was spoken in the seventies by around 200,000 people, with the number of estimated speakers approaching 300,000 by the eighties. In 1991 16% of the population of this province could speak Basque, and data gathered in 2001 data 22% of the total 1.122.710 Biscayans (i.e. 247,000) could speak and write in Basque. However, this data is only illustrative, as there is no record of how many of the Basque speakers spoke Biscayan specifically and it does not take into account Biscayan speakers in Gipuzkoan territory (Bergara, Leintz Gatzaga, Mondragon, Oñati, etc.)

Subdialects and Variations.

Biscayan is not a homogeneous dialect, it has two subdialects and eight main variations.

Geography and History.

The borders of Biscayan match those of the pre-Roman tribe of the Caristii, which is probably not a coincidence. Biscay was formerly included, along with Alava and the Valley of Amezcoa, within the ecclesiastical circumscription of Calahorra, which explains the wide influence of Biscayan (or Western Dialect) in the language of these regions. This does not mean Alavan dialect (nowadays extinct) would have had the same features as the Biscayan, but rather some common characteristics with a personality of its own.

Phonology.

Some features of Biscayan as perceived by other dialect speakers may be summed up as follows:

Vocabulary.

Biscayan dialect has a very rich lexicon, with vocabulary varying from region to region, and from town to town. For example, while "gura" (to want) and "txarto" (bad) are two words widely used in Biscayan, some Biscayan speaker might use "nahi" (for to want) and "gaizki" (for bad), which are generally used in other dialects. One of the current main experts in local vocabulary is Iñaki Gaminde, who in the last years has extensively researched and published on this subject.

Biscayan, sometimes Bizkaian (, ) is a dialect of the Basque language spoken mainly in Biscay, one of the provinces of the Basque Country of Spain.

Das Biskayisch (Baskisch: "Bizkaiera") ist ein Dialekt des Baskischen. Weil es nicht nur in Bizkaia gesprochen wird, sondern auch in einigen angrenzenden Zonen von Gipuzkoa und Álava, wird es auch Westlicher Dialekt genannt.


Plot.

The small fishing village Ste-Marie-la-Mauderne on the north coast of Quebec is in decline. Every resident collects welfare. To lure a company into building a plastic container factory nearby, they need to double their population of 120, have a resident doctor, and give a $50,000 bribe for the company owner.  Montreal plastic surgeon Dr. Christopher Lewis (David Boutin) gets pulled over for speeding by an officer, Réal Fournier (Jean-Pierre Gonthier), the former mayor of Ste-Marie-la-Mauderne who moved to the city because he, like most of the residents of Ste-Marie, couldn't get a job there. Réal will not arrest him for drug possession - Dr. Lewis is carrying a packet of cocaine - if Dr. Lewis will visit Ste-Marie-la-Mauderne for one month. In a deleted scene, Dr. Lewis sells cocaine to his patients.  Germain Lesage (Raymond Bouchard), a welfare recipient himself and the new mayor, hatches a plan. The entire village will convince Dr. Lewis to stay. They tap his phone, and pretend to share his likes: cricket, fusion jazz, and all the same foods. Henri Giroux (Benoît Brière), the local banker whose sole job is to cash the townfolks' welfare cheques, leaves small amounts of money for Dr. Lewis to find as small measures to increase Dr. Lewis' happiness about being in town, and attempts to secure a loan through his bank for the bribe. Dr. Lewis likes the beautiful post office worker Ève Beauchemin (Lucie Laurier), but Ève knows he has a girlfriend, Brigitte, in Montreal.  The ruse works, but they cannot secure a loan. Henri fronts the money from his personal savings, after a bank executive tells him that he has a job only as a favour to his father, and that his position could easily be replaced by an ATM. When the plastics company owner arrives, everyone continues their elaborate trick, and convinces him to build the factory there. The owner is ready to sign, but insists that they must have a doctor.  When Dr. Lewis learns that Brigitte has been having an affair with his best friend Paul for three years, he proclaims that he will stay because everyone in the village is genuine. Germain feels bad for lying, and "lets him off the hook" by telling him another lie in that they have secured another person as a permanent doctor. Hurt, Dr. Lewis turns to Ève, who has disliked all the lying, and confesses all to him, including the phone tap. Dr. Lewis confronts Germain about the lies, with Germain confirming the accusations. When Dr. Lewis asks him if he will learn the game of cricket for real if he decides to stay, Germain replies "no". It is then that Dr. Lewis decides to stay. The factory is built, Ste-Marie-la-Mauderne is saved, everyone gains renewed pride, and Dr. Lewis has five years in which to woo Ève.

Production.

Producer Roger Frappier wanted to film "Seducing Doctor Lewis" in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada but the film was eventually shot on an island with a population of about 300, Harrington Harbour, Quebec, Canada. The film's producers felt the island looked too pretty to fill the role of a fishing village experiencing hard times, so they worsened its appearance in the movie.

Remakes.

An English language remake titled The Grand Seduction was released in 2013, starring Taylor Kitsch as Dr Lewis with Brendan Gleeson, Mary Walsh, Cathy Jones, and Gordon Pinsent as town folks. The story's setting was moved to Newfoundland.  A French remake "Un village presque parfait" (English: "An almost perfect village") produced by Stéphane Meunier, was released in 2015. The action takes place in a small imaginary Pyrenean village : Saint-Loin-la-Mauderne, which is twinned with Sainte-Marie-la-Mauderne from the original movie.

Seducing Doctor Lewis (French: La grande séduction) is a 2003 Quebec comedy film and the first film directed by Jean-François Pouliot. The script was written by Ken Scott. It won the Audience Award at 2004 Sundance Film Festival. Starring in the movie are Raymond Bouchard, Benoit Brière, David Boutin and Lucie Laurier.

Die große Verführung ("La grande séduction") ist eine frankokanadische Filmkomödie aus dem Jahr 2003. Es war der erste Kinofilm von Regisseur Jean-François Pouliot und der erfolgreichste Film Québecs im Jahr 2003.