Early life.

Milne was born on August 19, 1882, in Gauley Bridge, West Virginia. He married Natalie Elise Blauvelt on June 2, 1917. He lived most of his ashore life in Newport, Rhode Island. Because of his difficult to spell and overly-long given name, Milne always signed official letters "M. Milne".

Naval service.

Milne graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1903, and served as a naval officer in multiple different wars, including the Philippine-American War, the United States occupation of Veracruz, and both World War I and World War II. He served a post at the United States Naval Academy. While there, he joined a panel of three other officers in researching the scholarship of student athletes at the Academy over a period of thirty years. The panel found that these athletes were likely to stay in the United States Navy for long periods of time, and were often career minded. At the Academy, Milne also served as head of the modern languages department.  In 1932, Milne was one of few American military officers chosen to travel to Italy to inspect a number of war veterans alongside Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. Mussolini had invited officers from numerous countries in an effort to improve relations.  Milne then commanded the "USS Arizona" when, in 1934, the battleship collided with the private fishing vessel "Umatilla" off the coast of Neah Bay, Washington, on July 26, 1934. The collision split the "Umatilla" in half, and two of its crew drowned. Milne underwent a court martial, where the blame for the crash was placed upon him. The court stripped him of three grades of seniority within his rank, making it very difficult for him to be promoted. Milne had been ranked 149th in the Navy register, but retired with the rank he had at this time, that of Captain. Officials stated that the real punishment came from the "black mark" the court martial left upon Milne's record. His position on the "Arizona" ended soon after his conviction.

Governorship.

Milne became the Governor of American Samoa on January 20, 1936, relieving Thomas Benjamin Fitzpatrick from command. He took steps in modernizing American Samoa; his wife appealed directly to First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt to help improve the state of the islands' indoor plumbing and sanitation systems. Among his projects, Milne tried to have a library built for use by the Samoans. Despite these efforts, neither of the two were able to acquire federal aid for the improvement of infrastructure. During his term, the inhabitants of American Samoa became increasingly Americanized.

MacGillivray Milne (August 19, 1882 – January 26, 1959) was a United States Navy captain, and the 27th governor of American Samoa from January 20, 1936, to June 3, 1938. After graduating from the United States Naval Academy, Milne served many posts in the Navy, including heading the Department of Modern Languages at the Naval Academy. He was a veteran of a large numbers of conflicts, including the Philippine–American War, the United States occupation of Veracruz, and both World War I and World War II. Milne commanded a number of ships, but his last one was the battleship "". After the ship struck a private fishing vessel and killed two civilians, Milne was court-martialed and stripped of three grades which determined his eligibility for promotion. As governor, Milne pushed for the modernization of American Samoa, and sought increased federal aid for the islands; his efforts to obtain additional funding for the island largely ended in failure. He died in 1959 at the Naval Hospital Oakland, and was buried in Sparkill, Rockland County, New York.

MacGillivray Milne (* 19. August 1882 in Gauley Bridge, Fayette County, West Virginia; † 26. Januar 1959 in Oakland, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Marineoffizier. Zwischen 1936 und 1938 war er Militärgouverneur von Amerikanisch-Samoa.


Publishing history.

Early years.

In 1926, Hugo Gernsback launched "Amazing Stories", the first science fiction (sf) magazine. It was soon followed by other US titles also specialising in sf, such as "Astounding Stories" and "Wonder Stories". These were distributed in the UK, and British fan organisations began to appear. In 1936, Maurice K. Hanson, a science fiction fan living in Nuneaton, founded a fanzine called "Novae Terrae" (Latin for "new lands" or "new worlds") for the local branch of the Science Fiction League. Hanson moved to London and his fanzine became the official publication of the Science Fiction Association,

Nova Publications.

In May 1948 Carnell announced at a science fiction convention in London that plans were well underway to form a new company, to be called Nova Publications Ltd. Nova raised £600 in capital and was launched in early 1949. There were initially six directors: the chairman was John Wyndham, and the remaining board members were G. Ken Chapman, Frank Cooper, Walter Gillings, Eric C. Williams, and John Carnell. A printer was found near Stoke Newington, where Frank Cooper was based, and the first issue (numbered 4, to follow on from the three Pendulum issues) appeared in June. It was planned to move to regular quarterly publication, and subsequently to a bimonthly schedule. To keep costs down Nova decided to handle the distribution themselves; this was not easy but

Roberts & Vinter.

The magazines were unexpectedly saved by David Warburton of Roberts & Vinter, a London publishing house. The printer who had been printing both "New Worlds" and "Science Fantasy" happened to meet Warburton in a pub, and mentioned that he was looking for additional work to fill the gaps in his schedule left by the demise of the magazines. Roberts & Vinter were having difficulty getting good distribution for their existing titles, which were violent thrillers, and were interested in acquiring more respectable titles that would help them penetrate the British distribution network, which was heavily dependent on W.H. Smith and John

Arts Council.

The partnership Warburton and Moorcock formed to continue "New Worlds" was named Magnelist Publications. Moorcock and Warburton reviewed the dummy issue Moorcock had put together when he first became editor, and Warburton agreed to switch to the larger format. The first issue from Magnelist appeared in July 1967, beginning a regular monthly schedule. Moorcock remained as editor with Langdon Jones as his assistant, and Charles Platt became the layout designer. Warburton ceased his involvement after the November issue, but the magazine was again saved, this time by Sylvester Stein of Stonehart Publications.  Delays led to a skipped month, with the December

Later incarnations.

When Moorcock realised that the magazine would have to fold, he made arrangements with Sphere Books to continue "New Worlds" as a quarterly paperback anthology series. Sphere produced eight issues, although the quarterly schedule was not adhered to after the fourth issue; the eighth issue appeared in 1975. Six issues were reprinted in the US. The early issues did well financially, with about 25,000 copies sold, not counting US sales. Moorcock turned over the editorship to Charles Platt with the sixth volume, and to Hilary Bailey thereafter, to give himself more time to devote to his own writing: he also commented that by this time "I no longer had my editorial touch (I couldn't read sf at all)". Sphere cancelled the series after

Contents and reception.

Carnell.

The lead story of the first issue of "New Worlds" was Maurice Hugi's "The Mill of the Gods". John Russell Fearn contributed four stories, under his own name and three pseudonyms, and William Temple provided "The Three Pylons", a fantasy which turned out to be the most popular story in the issue. Science fiction historian Mike Ashley regards the next two issues as an improvement on the first; the second issue contained John Wyndham's "The Living Lies", under his "John Beynon" alias, and the third contained "Inheritance", an early story by Arthur C. Clarke. Wyndham's story, about hostility and bigotry shown by settlers on Venus to the Venusian natives, was reprinted in "Other Worlds" in 1950, while "Inheritance" later appeared in "Astounding Science Fiction".  The acquisition

Moorcock.

When Roberts & Vinter made the decision to close down "New Worlds" in 1963, Moorcock and Ballard considered publishing a new magazine that would be willing, as Carnell had been, to publish experimental material. Moorcock assembled a dummy issue, and later described his intentions: "It would be on art paper, to take good quality illustrations; it would be the size of, say, "Playboy" so that it would get good display space on the newsstands; it would specialise in experimental work by writers like [William] Burroughs and [Eduardo] Paolozzi, but it would be 'popular', it would seek to publicise such experimenters; it would publish all those writers who had become demoralised by a lack of sympathetic

Arts Council and after.

When Moorcock took over publication of "New Worlds" from Roberts & Vinter he changed the format from digest to a larger size with good quality paper that allowed better use of artwork. The first issue in this format, July 1967, contained part one of Disch's "Camp Concentration", written for the magazine and refused by its American publisher because of the explicit language used by the protagonist. Disch afterwards recalled that some of the experimental language in the book was written in the knowledge that "New Worlds" was available as a market for unconventional fiction. Other new

"New Worlds" and the "New Wave".

"New Worlds" greatest influence on science fiction came in the 1960s, with the "New Wave" that began with Moorcock's polemical editorials. Moorcock asserted in 1965 that a writer of good sf "can learn from his predecessors, but he should not imitate them"; and he was soon publishing stories that were quite different in technique and style from anything that had appeared before, not just in "New Worlds" itself, but in any of the sf magazines. Moorcock's goal was to use the magazine to "define a new avant-garde role" for the genre. "New Worlds" thus became the "ideological center of the [New Wave] movement to rejuvenate conjectural literature".  The term "New Wave" did not always meet with approval among those who were regarded as part of it (this included Moorcock, who denied that he was creating a movement). Brian Aldiss, for example, wrote to Judith Merril in 1966 that he suspected the term was "a journalistic invention of yours and Mike Moorcock's", and added "I feel I am no part of the New Wave; I was here before 'em, and by God I mean to be here after they've gone (still writing bloody science fiction)!" Merril was an important advocate for "New Worlds" and the New Wave, and popularized the latter in her anthology "England Swings SF", which appeared in 1968; she spent almost a year in London, living near Moorcock, when researching the anthology in 1966–1967. Merril and writer Christopher Priest were among those who used the term "New Wave" to describe the work being done in "New Worlds", but Aldiss was not the only writer to object to the term, and it never received a generally accepted definition. Critic Brian Attebery characterizes it as a "disruptive, existentially fraught and formally daring" style; Peter Nicholls hesitates to define it but comments that "perhaps the fundamental element was the belief that sf could and should be taken seriously as literature". In a 1967 interview, Ballard, one of the writers most

Bibliographic details.

The following table shows the editorial succession at "New Worlds", indicates which issues appeared from which publisher, and gives the format, page count and price of each issue: Dates in [square brackets] indicate the approximate date that an issue was released in cases where a month did not appear on the magazine.  There were US reprints of six of the "New Worlds Quarterly" anthology series. The first four were published by Berkley Books; Avon Books picked up two more of the series after Berkley dropped it, but since the fifth volume had been missed by that time, Avon retitled volumes 6 and 7 as "New Worlds Quarterly 5" and "New Worlds Quarterly 6".

US editions.

A US reprint edition of "New Worlds" ran briefly in 1960, published by Great American Publications, who at the time were the publishers of "Fantastic Universe", edited by Hans Stefan Santesson. The first issue appeared in March 1960; it omitted Carnell's name, and credited Santesson as editor. Although the fiction consisted entirely of reprints, with all but one story coming from the British "New Worlds", this was not declared to the reader. Carnell

Anthologies.

Several anthologies of stories

New Worlds was a British science fiction magazine that began in 1936 as a fanzine called "Novae Terrae". John Carnell, who became "Novae Terrae"s editor in 1939, renamed it "New Worlds" that year. He was instrumental in turning it into a professional publication in 1946 and was the first editor of the new incarnation. It became the leading UK science fiction magazine; the period to 1960 has been described by science fiction historian Mike Ashley as the magazine's "Golden Age".

New Worlds war ein britisches Science-Fiction-Magazin, das von 1946 bis 1997 in 222 Ausgaben erschien. Ab Mitte der 1960er Jahre war das Magazin eine wichtige Plattform für die Autoren der "New Wave".


History.

The name "Ramygala" was first mentioned in the 13th century. In 1370 the place suffered from the Teutonic Knight attack. Sometime before 1500 the first church was built and in 1503 the name "Ramygala" was used to refer to a town. Since then Ramygala slowly grew. Few years later it had a manor, and at the end of the 16th century it received a privilege to host fairs. Unlike many other towns in Lithuania, Ramygala did not belong to a noble family but rather to Vilnius Cathedral and later to Vilnius University.  In 1781 the town established a parish school next to a new church after the old one was destroyed by fire. The school grew and expanded significantly in the 20th century. It built two new school buildings and a dorm. In 2005 it was named Ramygala Gymnasium. The school hosts a small museum dedicated to the local history and traditions. A new Neo Gothic church was built in 1897–1914. It has 3 aisles and 3 altars. It features only one bell tower. The tower was damaged during World War II, but was rebuilt in the 1950s.

Administration.

Since the second half of the 18th century, Ramygala was administrative center of a valsčius. After the administrative reform by the Soviet authorities in 1950, the town became a capital of a raion (Lithuanian: "rajonas"). In 1962 Ramygala lost the status of the capital of a raion. Now it is a center of an eldership, the smallest administrative division in Lithuania. It has a small hospital and a library.

Ramygala (, literally "quiet end") is a city in Lithuania. It is located some south from Panevėžys on the banks of the Upytė River, a tributary to the Nevėžis River. According to 2017 estimate, it had 1,440 residents.

Ramygala ist mit 1440 Einwohnern (2017) einzige Stadt in der Rajongemeinde Panevėžys in Nordlitauen, an der Landstraße A8, 24 km südlich von Panevėžys. Es ist das Zentrum des Amtsbezirks Ramygala und des Unteramtsbezirks Ramygala.


Life.

At Constantine's request, his father assigned him to rule the city of Murom, which at the time was inhabited by pagans, that he might spread Christianity in that region. According to the traditional account of his life, Constantine first sent his son Michael to Murom as his emissary, but the inhabitants threw him from the walls, so Constantine was obliged to take the city by force. However, he made no headway in converting them to Christianity and at one point they became so angry that a mob made their way to his fortress intending to storm the place. According to legend, when he appeared before them bearing what is now known as the Murom-Ryazan icon of the Theotokos, they quieted down and bowed reverently before the holy image. His son Fyodor, with his support, continued the missionary work in the surrounding countryside.  He is commemorated in the Russian Orthodox Church on May 21. His wife Irene is also venerated at Murom.  At the place of the murder of his son Michael, the wooden church of the Annunciation was reportedly founded by Prince Constantine in 1205. A new cathedral was built on the site in 1553. It became a monastery under Ivan the Terrible and was ruined by the Poles during the Time of Troubles. In 1664 it was rebuilt by wealthy merchant and arts patron Tarasy Tsvetnov. The monastery features the relics of Constantin and his sons Mikhail and Fyodor. According to a legend recorded by local aristocrat and amateur historian Alexander Yepanchin, each midnight the monastery's gates disappear, and Constantine, Mikhail and Fyodor, clad in regal attire, ride out in a gilded carriage and head to the Cathedral of the Nativity of Mary, where they are met by Pyotr and Fevronia. After praying there, they guard and patrol the city.

Mother of God, "The Star Most Bright".

The icon shows a full-length representation of the Mother of God with a star sending forth rays of light in the background. The origin of its name is connected with the poetic hymns in honor of the Most Holy Theotokos. Standing on Her right hand is the Infant Jesus. At Her feet are Murom saints: Sts Constantine, Mikhail and Fyodor arrayed in princely robes and Sts Petr, Fevronia and Uliania clad in monastic habits. In the bottom part of the icon is the following inscription: 'This Marvelous Image Is the Star Most Bright of the Most Holy Lady Mother of God Queen of Heaven."

Constantine of Murom (Russian: Святой Блаженный Князь Константин) (? - 1129) was a direct descendant of Vladimir I of Kiev and the son of Prince Svyatoslav of Chernigov.

Konstantin von Murom (, auch Jaroslaw Swjatoslawitsch, russisch ; * nach 1070?; † 1129) war Fürst von Murom (1097–1123, 1127–1129) und Tschernigow (1123–1127). Er wird seit 1546 als Heiliger der russisch-orthodoxen Kirche verehrt. Sein Gedenktag ist der 21. Mai.


Biography.

Anna Kovalchuk was born on 15 June 1977, in Neustrelitz (GDR), into a family of hereditary teachers. Anna's mother managed a kindergarten, her father was in the military, and her grandfather was the principal. Anna has an older brother named Pavel.  During her school days, Kovalchuk lived in Leningrad. The future actress also spent parts of her childhood in Yerevan and Moscow. At school the exact sciences, in particular mathematics, were her favorite subjects. Upon termination of secondary school, Kovalchuk intended to enroll in the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute toward a career in cybernetics. But after a time, she instead chose an acting career and enrolled in the Leningrad Theatrical Institute of Music and Cinematography (the Ampere-second course. Shvedersky) During her theatrical studies, Anna got acquainted with her future first husband, Anatoly Ilchenko. While still a student, she became involved in a theatre troupe called Lensoveta where director Gennady Trostjanetsky was searching for an actress to play the young heroine for his production of «Imaginary Patient» based on Molière's comedy "Le Malade imaginaire". The premiere of her performance took place almost at once after Kovulchuk received her diploma, and almost simultaneously with her wedding.

Career.

Graduated from St. Petersburg Academy of Theatre, Music and Cinema in 1998.  Member of Lensoveta Theatre since 1998. Plays leading roles in stage productions of Lensoveta Theatre.  Anna's general popularity came after the role of inspector Maria Shvetsova in a teleserial of "Tainy Sledstviya" (Secrecy of the Investigation) (2001) for which the actress won a prize for embodiment of an image of "hero" on the international legal film festival «the Law and a society».  After shooting of the first series of "Secrecy of the Investigation", it was revealed that the actress was pregnant and about to give birth. After considering and weighing this situation, the filmmakers decided not to hide Kovalchuk's pregnancy; and script writer Elena Topilsky urgently adapted the script as it concerned the private life of its heroine, Masha Shvetsova's inspector, to include this development. On 26 October 2000, the actress gave birth to Ilchenko's and her daughter, Zlata (meaning "Gold" in Russian); and the scene of sorts and her breast-feeding her baby were subsequently included in the teleserial.  In 2005 Anna Kovalchuk starred as Margarita in the highly acclaimed Vladimir Bortko-directed Russian television miniseries "The Master and Margarita", a screen version of the epic Russian novel by Mikhail Bulgakov.

Private life.

In 2000 Anna gave birth to a daughter and called her Zlata.  The role of Margarita brought Kovalchuk great popularity. Upon conclusion of the filming of «Master and Margarita» in June 2005, Kovalchuk announced her divorce from Anatoly Ilchenko. Her words were confirmed by her ex-husband, who also acted in the miniseries.  Soon thereafter, Kovulchuk began dating businessman Oleg Kapustin. After two years of relations, they married on 1 December 2007, in St. Petersburg. As a wedding gift, Oleg presented her with a thoroughbred racehorse. On 30 April 2010, the actress gave birth to the couple's son, Dobrynja.

Anna Leonidovna Kovalchuk (; born 15 June 1977) is a Russian actress. The winner of the prize for the presentation of the image of "good character" in the international legal Festival "Law and Society" for the title role in the television series "Secrets of Investigation".

Anna Leonidowna Kowaltschuk (; * 15. Juni 1977 in Neustrelitz) ist eine russische Schauspielerin. Sie entstammt einer Familie von Lehrern: Die Mutter ist Kindergartenleiterin und der Vater Lehrer.


History.

1972 to 1991.

Following three years of work and the largest single investment by Ford, the Michigan Casting Center (MCC) opened in January 1972, at the time one of the most technologically advanced casting facilities in the world. Despite the sizable capital investment, frequent union labor problems and work injuries and declining demand for the V8 engine blocks produced there led the facility's closure in 1981.  A worker, Robert Williams, was killed by an industrial robot arm on January 25, 1979. He is the first known human to be killed by a robot.  Mazda Motor Corporation started construction of a new building on the site of the Michigan Casting Center in 1985 and cars started production at Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA in September 1987 with the Mazda MX-6 and Ford Probe coupes. In 1991 the plant had 3,600 employees, including 250 Japanese employees.

1992 to 2011.

Ford repurchased a 50% share in the plant on April 15, 1992, and it officially became a joint-venture and was renamed AutoAlliance International on July 1, 1992. The plant began production of all models of the Mazda 626 sold in America starting in 1993. During this era, Deepak Ahuja was Chief Financial Officer of the joint venture. The Ford Contour-derived Mercury Cougar was produced at the plant from 1998 to 2002. Production of North American Mazda 6 began in the 2003 model year, followed by the Ford Mustang starting in 2005.

From 2012.

The last Mazda 6 rolled off the line on Friday, August 24, 2012, with Mazda discontinuing production on American soil, effectively ending the 20 year joint-venture between Mazda and Ford. Mazda moved production of the Mazda 6 back to the Hofu factory in Japan and opened a new factory in Salamanca, Mexico to build the Mazda 2 and Mazda 3 subcompact and compact cars.  On September 10, 2012, Ford Motor Company re-took full management control of the plant, renaming it the Ford Flat Rock Assembly Plant, and confirming $555 million in investments designed to retool the plant for the production of the 2013 Ford Fusion midsize sedan.  On July 15, 2015, Ford confirmed that the new 2017 Lincoln Continental sedan would be produced at the Flat Rock plant starting in 2016.  On January 3, 2017, Ford announced that it will begin manufacturing an electric small SUV by 2020, and a high passenger volume autonomous vehicle designed for commercial ride hailing or ride sharing by 2021, both to be built at Flat Rock.  Ford reduced production of the plant from two shifts to one due to lower demand for the Ford Mustang and especially the Lincoln Continental. Over 1,000 workers were laid off in April 2019, including almost 500 temporary workers.  In March 2019, Ford announced change of its plan, production of battery-electric vehicle would not start until 2023.

Flat Rock Assembly Plant, formerly known as Ford's Michigan Casting Center (MCC) (1972–81), Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA (1987–92) and AutoAlliance International (1992–2012), is a Ford Motor Company assembly plant located at Drive in Flat Rock, Michigan in Metro Detroit.

Bei der Flat Rock Assembly Plant (ehemals "AutoAlliance International Inc.") handelt es sich um eine Fertigungsstätte der Ford Motor Company in Flat Rock (Wayne County) im US-Bundesstaat Michigan.


Life and career.

Born to a Jewish family, Berg grew up in the San Fernando Valley and lives in the Venice Beach neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.  Prior to "Deliver Us From Evil", Berg produced documentary segments for CNN Investigations and the KCBS news program "30 Minutes of Special Assignment". Her work at KCBS earned her Emmy Awards in 2003 and 2004. Before that, Berg researched and developed stories for Silver Creek Entertainment. Many aired on Good Morning America, 20/20, and Extra. In addition, she has written numerous articles for the National Organization for Women, "The Jewish Journal" and a number of monthly and weekly periodicals in America and France.  Berg has directed the 10-minute-long documentary film "Polarized" (2007) for Al Gore's Live Earth Pledge. She also produced "Bhutto", a documentary feature that played at Sundance 2010. "West of Memphis" (2012), produced by Peter Jackson and Damien Echols, documents the story of the West Memphis Three, who were convicted as teenagers of the 1993 murder of three boys in West Memphis, Arkansas. The film has received critical acclaim and won numerous awards at film festivals, including the Sundance Film Festival, where the film premiered in January 2012, and the Toronto International Film Festival. , Berg was in pre-production for "Every Secret Thing", a narrative feature film produced by Frances McDormand and Anthony Bregman, and starring Diane Lane and Elizabeth Banks.  Also in April 2014, "Variety" confirmed that Berg had spent the past two years working on a documentary about sex abuse in Hollywood entitled "An Open Secret".  In 2014 Content Film boarded Berg's new documentary about Janis Joplin and was looking to introduce the film to buyers at Cannes. The film, called "Janis: Little Girl Blue", follows Joplin during her performing years at Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, Woodstock Festival in 1969 and Festival Express in 1970, and it also includes interviews with family, friends and rock star contemporaries.  On November 24, 2014 Berg and Matthew Cooke launched an Indiegogo campaign to raise funds towards creating "American Race", a documentary addressing "the black male crisis" in the US.  "Prophet's Prey", a documentary directed by Berg which explores the life of Warren Jeffs, premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. Berg adapted the film from Sam Brower's book "Prophet's Prey: My Seven-Year Investigation Into Warren Jeffs and the Fundamentalist Church of Latter-Day Saints".  Berg, along with Glen Zipper, executive produced the 2018 documentary series "Dogs" for Netflix. She also directed some of the episodes.  Berg is the founder of Disarming Films, a film and documentary production company.  In 2019, Berg directed a documentary for HBO about Adnan Syed and the murder of Hae Min Lee.

Amy J. Berg (born October 13, 1970) is an American filmmaker. Her 2006 documentary "Deliver Us from Evil" (2006), about sex abuse cases in the Roman Catholic Church, was nominated for an Academy Award and won Berg the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Documentary Screenplay.

Amy J. Berg (* 13. Oktober 1968 in Los Angeles) ist eine US-amerikanische Filmemacherin. "Deliver Us from Evil" aus dem Jahre 2006 über die Missbrauchsskandale in der römisch-katholischen Kirche ist ihr wohl bekanntester Film. Sie arbeitete am Film vier Jahre.


Life and career.

Székely attended the Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary graduating in 1970. His first advisor was Alfréd Rényi. Székely received his Ph.D. in 1971 from Eötvös Loránd University, the Candidate Degree in 1976 under the direction of Paul Erdős and Andrey Kolmogorov, and the Doctor of Science degree from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1986. During the years 1970-1995 he has worked as a Professor in Eötvös Loránd University at the Department of Probability Theory and Statistics.  Between 1985 and 1995 Székely was the first program manager of the Budapest Semesters in Mathematics. Between 1990 and 1997 he was the founding chair of the Department of Stochastics of the Budapest Institute of Technology (Technical University of Budapest) and editor-in-chief of "Matematikai Lapok", the official journal of the János Bolyai Mathematical Society.  In 1989 Székely was visiting professor at Yale University, and in 1990-91 he was the first Lukacs Distinguished Professor in Ohio. Since 1995 he has been teaching at the Bowling Green State University at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics. Székely was academic advisor of Morgan Stanley, NY, and Bunge, Chicago, helped to establish the Morgan Stanley Mathematical Modeling Centre in Budapest (2005) and the Bunge Mathematical Institute (BMI) in Warsaw (2006) to provide quantitative analysis to support the firms' global business.  Since 2006 he is a Program Director of Statistics of the National Science Foundation. Székely is also Research Fellow of the Rényi Institute of Mathematics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the author of two monographs, "Paradoxes of Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics", and "Algebraic Probability Theory" (with Imre Z. Ruzsa).

Gábor J. Székely (; born February 4, 1947 in Budapest) is a Hungarian-American statistician/mathematician best known for introducing the Energy of data [see E-statistics or "Package energy" in R (programming language)], e.g. the distance correlation which is a bona fide dependence measure, equals zero exactly when the variables are independent, the distance skewness which equals zero exactly when the probability distribution is diagonally symmetric, the E-statistic for normality test and the E-statistic for clustering.

Gábor J. Székely (* 4. Februar 1947 in Budapest) ist ein ungarischer Mathematiker, der sich mit Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und mathematischer Statistik befasst.


History.

Weichai Power Co., Ltd. was founded in 2002, with Weichai Holding Group Co., Ltd. as the main sponsor. Weichai Power has built different industrial bases: for all series power (Weifang), for heavy-duty vehicle and powertrain (Xi’an), for big-power engine and light-duty vehicle (Chongqing), and for automobile electronics and parts (Yangzhou). The company owns several R&D centers around the world (China, United States, Europe...).  Regarding Research and Development, Weichai Power has been involved into 22 national "863 project". It achieved 1437 product and technology patent licenses, and participated in establishing around 45 industry and national standards.  In the recent years, Weichai Power has introduced several whole series of automotive diesel engines which met National IV and National V standards. Also, the company independently developed an Electric Control ECU which has equipped CNG engines and the WP13 engine for heavy-duty commercial trucks.

Brands and Acquisitions.

Weichai Power owns several Chinese brands:  Weichai Power's acquired, in 2009, a French company which designs and manufactures marine engines named Société Internationale des Moteurs Baudouin. In 2012, the company signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the KION Group, a German company, and Linde Hydraulics, its forklift truck manufacturer and hydraulic technology subsidiary.

Businesses.

Weichai Power works in four different sectors: powertrain (engines, transmissions and axles), vehicle engines, hydraulic products and auto parts. Weichai Power focuses on engines but also on other parts as transmissions, axles, or generating sets for different applications: high-speed light-duty engines, high-speed medium-duty engines, high-speed heavy-duty engines, medium-speed diesel engines, low-speed diesel engines. The main targeted markets include trucks, buses, construction machinery, marine power, power generation, and agriculture machinery... Also, and thanks to its subsidiaries, Linde Hydraulics, Torch Sparks Plugs, Zhuzhou Gear, etc., Weichai Power provides different auto parts including hydraulic parts, spark plugs, gears, piston pins, auto lamps...

Sponsorship.

Weichai Power was announced as a new partner of Scuderia Ferrari on January 2013. Weichai Power is the first Chinese company to sponsor Ferrari, and one of the few Chinese companies to sponsor Formula 1. The sponsorship contract has been signed for four years, ending by 2016. A new contract was signed with Ferrari to extend their sponsorship in 2016 for four more years.

Weichai Power Co., Ltd is a Chinese listed company in Weifang, Shandong province, specialised in the research and development, manufacturing and sale of diesel engines. Its products are used in vehicles, marine vessels and power generators. The company is majority owned by state-owned Weichai Group.

Weichai Power (bis 1992 "Weichai Diesel Engine Factory") wurde 1953 gegründet und war eine der ersten Dieselmotorenfabriken in der VR China. Die Hauptgeschäftsfelder sind die Montage von Antriebsmaschinen (einschließlich Motoren, Getriebe und Achsen), Nutzfahrzeuge sowie Kfz-Elektronik.


Career.

Club.

Khachaturov debuted for Sheriff Tiraspol. While at Sheriff, the club has won the 2009–10 and 2011–12 Moldovan National Division and the 2009–10 Moldovan Cup.  In January 2016, Khachaturov joined Armenian Premier League side Ararat Yerevan, but his contract was cancelled on 8 February of the same year.  In March 2018, Khachaturov signed for Armenian First League club Lori FC. After achieving winning the 2017-18 Armenian First League and achieving promotion to the Armenian Premier League, Khachaturov earned captaincy to the team.

International.

Khachaturov joined the Armenia national football team. Beforehand there were issues of his citizenship documents. On 25 January 2013, the Armenian Football Federation announced it received an official letter from FIFA, which states that Khachaturov now has the right to play for the national team. He was quoted as saying his dream has come true and that, "I'm coming home... " Khachaturov made his debut for the Armenian national team on February 5, 2013 in Valence, France in a match against Luxembourg.  After a 5-year absence from National Team action, Khachaturov returned to the senior squad under coach Armen Gyulbudaghyants, being called up for 2018 UEFA Nations League October and November camps, playing two full games in the 4–0 victory over Macedonia and a 2–2 draw against Liechtenstein. The Macedonia game ended up being one of the biggest wins for the Armenian National Team in the last years.

Career statistics.

International.

"Statistics accurate as of match played 19 November 2019"

Artyom Khachaturov (,,, born 18 June 1992) is an Armenian-Moldovan football player who plays as a defender for Lori and the Armenian national team.

Artjom Chatschaturow (; ; * 18. Juni 1992 in Bendery, Republik Moldau) ist ein moldauisch-armenischer Fußballspieler, der seit Anfang 2020 in den Diensten des FC Florești steht.


Early life and education.

Cowan was born on April 4, 1969, in rural Yadkinville, North Carolina, the son of a machinist and a seamstress. His father died when he was 16 years old.  Cowan graduated from Forbush High School, the first graduate of his high school to attend Duke University. Originally planning to become a doctor, he graduated from Duke in 1991 with a degree in sociology. Cowan went on to earn his Juris Doctor from Northeastern University School of Law in 1994. His assignments in Northeastern's cooperative program, which provides students with work experience as part of its educational program, included stints in the office of a state trial court, at North Carolina Prison Legal Services, and with the Palm Beach County Public Defender’s Office.

Professional career.

In 1997, Cowan joined the law firm of Mintz Levin as an associate. There he practiced civil litigation and became a partner. He helped Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney identify African-American candidates for judgeships after Romney was criticized for lack of diversity among his appointees.  Cowan left Mintz Levin to join Deval Patrick's administration in 2009. As Patrick's counsel, Cowan was responsible for the legal operations of the executive branch and oversaw the governor's judicial nominations, including that of Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court Roderick L. Ireland. His principal projects as staff included legislation to contain the growth of health care costs and to expand gaming, as well as investigating and reorganizing the state Parole Board.  Cowan served as Patrick's chief legal counsel for two years and then as chief of staff from January 2011 until November 2012, when he announced plans to return to the private sector. He continued to serve the governor as a senior adviser until his Senate appointment. When appointed to the Senate, he said he had no intention of seeking public office once his interim appointment expired. He said: "This is going to be a very short political career. I am not running for office. I'm not a candidate for public service at any time today or in the future."  In 2003, "Boston Business Journal" named him to its list of "40 under 40", a select group of younger business and civic leaders. He is the former president of the Massachusetts Black Lawyers Association and the Northeastern Law School Alumni Association. He serves on the Board of Trustees of Northeastern University. Other non-profit boards he has served on include the Discovering Justice Foundation, Roxbury Preparatory Charter School, the Chestnut Hill School, and Project STEP.

U.S. Senate.

Tenure.

In December 2012, President Barack Obama announced the nomination of U.S. Senator and Foreign Relations Committee Chairman John Kerry to serve as Secretary of State, leaving a vacancy in the seat Kerry had held for 28 years. Under state law, the House of Representatives grants the governor of Massachusetts the right to fill vacant U.S. Senate seats with an interim appointment. Governor Deval Patrick announced that he was looking at "out of the box candidates" who had never run for office, and would hold the seat temporarily, forgoing a run in the special election.  On January 30, 2013, Patrick announced the appointment of Cowan to the seat. Cowan became Massachusetts's second African-American U.S. Senator after Edward Brooke. He served alongside Tim Scott of South Carolina, the first time that two African-Americans served simultaneously in the senate. Cowan's term officially began on February 1, 2013, once Kerry's resignation took effect. He was sworn in by Vice President Joe Biden on February 7. The term ended on July 16, 2013, when Ed Markey was sworn in following the special election.

Personal life.

He is married to Stacy Cowan. She also is a lawyer. They have two sons, Miles and Grant, and live in Westwood, Massachusetts. He received an honorary degree from Georgetown University in 2013 and spoke at the commencement ceremony for the McDonough School of Business.

William Maurice “Mo” Cowan (born April 4, 1969) is an American politician and lawyer who served as a United States Senator from Massachusetts from February 1, 2013 to July 16, 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as legal counsel and chief of staff to Governor Deval Patrick. Patrick appointed him on an interim basis to fill the vacancy left by fellow Democrat John Kerry, who resigned to become U.S. Secretary of State. He declined to run in the 2013 special election to complete the remainder of Kerry's term. He was succeeded by fellow Democrat Ed Markey.

William „Mo“ Cowan (* 4. April 1969 in Yadkinville, North Carolina) ist ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Vom 1. Februar 2013 bis zum 16. Juli desselben Jahres vertrat er (als zweiter Afroamerikaner) den Bundesstaat Massachusetts im Senat der Vereinigten Staaten.


Road coloring problem posed and solved.

Trahtman's solution to the road coloring problem was accepted in 2007 and published in 2009 by the "Israel Journal of Mathematics". The problem arose in the subfield of symbolic dynamics, an abstract part of the field of dynamical systems. The road coloring problem was raised by R. L. Adler and L. W. Goodwyn from the United States, and the Israeli mathematician B. Weiss. The proof used results from earlier work.

Černý conjecture.

The problem of estimating the length of synchronizing word has a long history and was posed independently by several authors, but it is commonly known as the Černý conjecture. In 1964 Jan Černý conjectured that formula_1 is the upper bound for the length of the shortest synchronizing word for any n-state complete DFA (a DFA with complete state transition graph). If this is true, it would be tight: in his 1964 paper, Černý exhibited a class of automata (indexed by the number n of states) for which the shortest reset words have this length. In 2011 Trahtman published a proof of upper bound formula_2, but then he found an error in it. The conjecture holds in many partial cases, see for instance, Kari and Trahtman.

Other work.

The finite basis problem for semigroups of order less than six in the theory of semigroups was posed by Alfred Tarski in 1966, and repeated by Anatoly Maltsev and L. N. Shevrin. In 1983, Trahtman solved this problem by proving that all semigroups of order less than six are finitely based.  In the theory of varieties of semigroups and universal algebras the problem of existence of covering elements in the lattice of varieties was posed by Evans in 1971. The positive solution of the problem was found by Trahtman. He also found a six-element semigroup that generates a variety with a continuum of subvarieties, and varieties of semigroups having no irreducible base of identities.  The theory of locally testable automata can be based on the theory of varieties of locally testable semigroups. Trahtman found the precise estimation on the order of local testability of finite automata.  There are results in theoretical mechanics and in the promising area of extracting moisture from the air mentioned in ""New Scientist"".

Avraham Naumovich Trahtman (Trakhtman) (; b. 1944, USSR) is a mathematician at Bar-Ilan University (Israel). In 2007, Trahtman solved a problem in combinatorics that had been open for 37 years, the Road Coloring Conjecture posed in 1970.

Avraham Naumovich Trakhtman (auch Trahtman), (* 10. Februar 1944 in Kalinowo, Oblast Swerdlowsk) ist ein sowjetisch-israelischer Mathematiker. Trahtman studierte an der Staatlichen Universität des Urals in Swerdlowsk mit dem Abschluss 1967. Er war danach an der Technischen Universität des Urals, wo er Dozent wurde und bis 1984 lehrte. 1973 wurde er bei Lew Schewrin an der Staatlichen Universität des Ural promoviert. Da er jüdisch war, war seine Karriere in der Sowjetunion in den 1970er Jahren behindert. Ende der 1980er Jahre war er auch in der russischen Demokratiebewegung aktiv. 1991 wurde er Assistenzprofessor an der Pädagogischen Hochschule in Swerdlowsk, verließ aber 1992 die Sowjetunion und ging nach Israel. Zunächst musste er sich dort mit Gelegenheitsarbeit durchschlagen, bevor er 1995 eine Stelle an der Bar-Ilan-Universität bekam.


Early life.

Finnian was born at the Kingdom of Leinster, son of Findlog. His birthplace is generally supposed to have been near the present town of New Ross. He was a member of Clanna Rudhraighe from the Ulaid. Saint Abban baptised Finnian, and at an early age he was placed under the care of Bishop Fortchern of Trim.  According to some sources, Finnian studied for a time at the monastic centre of Martin of Tours in Gaul. Tours was noted for its austerity. He later went to Wales and continued his studies at the monastery of Cadoc the Wise, at Llancarfan (whose place-name translates as 'the Llan of the stags') in Glamorgan. He remained there for years, at prayer and study. Finnian made copies of Rome's classics and of St. Jerome's Vulgate.  After a sojourn in Wales of thirty years, according to the "Codex Salmanticensis", he returned to his native land. Although, as Hickey (1996, p. 9) notes, "Thirty years away from Ireland seems too long when we consider Finnian's achievements in Ireland".

Foundations.

Finnian came first to Aghowle in County Wicklow at the foot of Sliabh Condala, where Oengus, the king of Leinster granted him a site. He then founded a monastic community on Skellig Michael, off the coast of Kerry, 'though this is doubted by historians. From there, he went to St Brigid's monastery at Kildare. Around 520, he was at last led by an angel to Cluain Eraird (Clonard, County Meath) on the River Boyne, which he was told would be the place of his resurrection.  At Clonard Finnian built a little cell and a church of clay and wattle, and entered on a life of study, mortification, and prayer. The fame of his learning and sanctity soon spread, and scholars of all ages flocked from every side to his monastic retreat. Finnian established a monastery modelled on the practices of Welsh monasteries, and based on the traditions of the Desert Fathers and the study of Scripture. The rule of Clonard was known for its strictness and asceticism. The pupils of Finnian who became the founding fathers of monasteries are described as leaving Clonard bearing a book or crozier or some other object, suggesting that a working scriptorium and craft workshops were established at Clonard at an early date.  "The Penitential of Finnian" prescribes penances with a view to correcting sinful tendencies and cultivating the contrary virtue. The document shows wide learning and draws on the teaching of St John Cassian on overcoming the eight evil tendencies – gluttony, fornication, covetousness, anger, dejection, accidie (laziness), vainglory and pride ("The Institutes", Books 5–12).

Later life and death.

In the Office of St. Finnian it is stated that there were no fewer than 3,000 pupils getting instruction at one time in the school in the green fields of Clonard. The master excelled in exposition of the Sacred Scriptures, and to this fact must be mainly attributed the extraordinary popularity which his lectures enjoyed. Finnian's gift for teaching and his absolute dedication to the ascetic ideal, inspired a whole generation. Clonard drew students from various parts of Europe. Ciarán of Clonmacnoise and Columcille of Iona are among the many who trained under him. They and many others took seeds of knowledge from Finnian's monastery at Clonard, and planted them abroad with great success. Finnian died of the plague in 549. Hickey (1996) says: "If we consider his achievements in life, rather than the fabulous age attributed to him by his biographer (140 years), we may guess his age at death as perhaps sixty or sixty-five." His burial-place is in his own church of Clonard.  Finnian's sister, St. Regnach, was Abbess of Kilreynagh, near the present town of Banagher.

Veneration.

Clonard became an important school because of the number of its students who went on to found other monasteries. For centuries after his death the school continued to be renowned as a seat of Scriptural learning, but it suffered at the hands of the Danes, especially in the eleventh century, and two Irishmen, O'Rorke of Breifney and Dermod McMurrough, helped to complete the work which the Northmen had begun. The relics of Finnian himself were enshrined at Clonard until 887, after which the shrine was destroyed. With the transference by the Norman Bishop of Rochfort, in 1206, of the See of Meath from Clonard to Trim, the glory of the former place departed forever.  St Finnian of Clonard's feast-day is 12 December, which is first attested in a Spanish Martyrology of the 9th century. In later years the monastery of Clonard came under the rule of the Uí Néill, and came to share an abbot with either Kildare or Clonmacnoise.

Patronage.

Finnian is the patron saint of the Diocese of Meath.

Saint Finnian of Clonard ('Cluain Eraird') – also Finian, Fionán or Fionnán in Irish; or Vennianus and Vinniaus in its Latinised form (470–549) – was one of the early Irish monastic saints, who founded Clonard Abbey in modern-day County Meath. The Twelve Apostles of Ireland studied under him. Saint Finnian of Clonard (along with Saint Enda of Aran) is considered one of the fathers of Irish monasticism.

Finnian von Clonard ("Cluain Eraird"), geboren als Finnio moccu Telduib (* 470 in Myshall, heute County Carlow, Provinz Leinster, Irland; † 12. Dezember 549), Heiliger, war ein irischer Missionar, Gründer des Klosters Clonard und dortiger Bischof. Er wird als Lehrer der Zwölf Apostel von Irland bezeichnet.


History.

The East Boston Tunnel was opened to streetcar service as far as Court Street on December 30, 1904. Court Street proved to be a problematic terminus; its single-track design limited frequent service, and also resulted in crashes. The Boston Elevated Railway (BERy) began an extension towards Beacon Hill in 1912. The extension opened to Bowdoin with an intermediate stop at Scollay Under on March 18, 1916.  Bowdoin was built with an unusual wedge-shaped island platform inside a balloon loop, which eliminated the awkward end-changing required at Court Street and allowed use of unpowered trailer cars in the tunnel to increase capacity. A pair of tracks continued past the loop, out the Joy Street Portal, and down Cambridge Street, allowing for one route to provide through streetcar service from East Boston to Cambridge rather than looping at Bowdoin.

Modifications.

Over the weekend of April 18 to 21, 1924, the East Boston Tunnel was converted from streetcar use to high-floor rapid transit operation. Rather than modify the tunnel, the BERy elected to build smaller-than-usual rapid transit cars which could operate in a tunnel designed for streetcars—particularly around the tight loop at Bowdoin. Blue Line cars are thus long, substantially shorter than the Orange Line cars and the Red Line cars. Bowdoin is the only remaining loop in regular service on the MBTA's heavy rail lines, though Red Line trains can loop around Codman Yard past Ashmont station if necessary.  Because the line did not have a dedicated maintenance facility, trains used the Joy Street Portal to reach surface tracks on the Longfellow Bridge, which connected to the Cambridge Tunnel and the Eliot Shops near Harvard Square. When the first phase of the Revere Extension opened to Orient Heights with a new facility in 1952, the connection was no longer necessary and the portal was filled. The tail tracks past the Bowdoin loop are still used for train storage during the winter, however.  The station was modernized in 1968 as part of a $9 million systemwide station improvement program. The original headhouse was replaced with a glassy entrance under a tilted concrete slab, set into a shallow depression to reduce the costs of installing the escalator. The new headhouse was designed by Josep Lluís Sert as part of a project for a never-built Catholic chapel nearby.

Closures and reopening.

In the early 1980s, the MBTA suffered from a serious budget crisis, which resulted in service cuts. MBTA Commuter Rail service to Providence and Concord and on the Woburn Branch were cut entirely, five underused commuter rail stations were closed, Boylston and Essex were closed for short periods, and the outer ends of the Orange and Blue lines were bustituted on Sundays. Bowdoin, with low ridership and in close proximity to Government Center, was closed on January 3, 1981 due to budget cuts. It reopened on January 11, 1982, but only on weekdays until 6:30 pm - intended to serve workers in nearby office and government buildings. Bowdoin was briefly closed again from March 3 to April 20, 1982, and reopened again with limited hours, with Government Center serving as the terminus on nights and weekends (though trains continued to loop at Bowdoin).  The station was closed from July 29 to September 8, 1992, during track work on the loop. As the MBTA planned the Blue Line Modernization Project in the early 1990s, the agency planned to close Bowdoin in order to eliminate the tight loop. The closure would take place after the renovation of Government Center, which would re-add a long-closed entrance at the west end of the Blue Line platform. In 2008, the MBTA began running six-car trains on the Blue Line. Because the eastbound side of the Bowdoin platform can only fit four cars, the trains have pushbuttons to allow passengers at Bowdoin to open the doors from the platform.  Until at least 2011, the MBTA still planned to close the station after Government Center was renovated. However, by 2013, the MBTA decided not to construct the planned west entrance at Government Center, and to instead build only a less-expensive emergency exit. On December 28, 2013, the MBTA resumed night and weekend service to Bowdoin station. The change was intended to provide alternative transportation during the three-month closure of the Callahan Tunnel and subsequent two-year closure of Government Center station. This was the first time since 1981 that the station was open during all operating hours. In February 2016, the MBTA announced that Bowdoin would remain open at all times even after Government Center reopened on March 21.

Bowdoin () is a rapid transit station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the MBTA Blue Line. It is located in Bowdoin Square in the Beacon Hill neighborhood. It is the downtown terminus of the line (though Government Center served this role during nights and weekends from 1982 to 2014).

Bowdoin (gesprochen ) ist eine U-Bahn-Station der Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) im Bostoner Stadtteil Beacon Hill im Bundesstaat Massachusetts der Vereinigten Staaten. Sie ist südlicher Endbahnhof der Linie Blue Line. Sollte die benachbarte Station Government Center neu gebaut oder die Linie nach Süden erweitert werden, wird allerdings beabsichtigt, "Bowdoin" zu schließen.


Curriculum.

Beau Soleil offers two distinct, parallel systems: a French Section and an International Section. The program of studies offers academic subjects. Students are allowed to go to town on the weekends, or can sign up to go to other places. Some Saturdays are reserved for academics and challenges. During the year they have 7 challenges such as a 10 kilometer run in the mountains and ski races. They have two uniforms; one for Monday that is fancy attire while a more casual set of uniform is used for Tuesday to Friday. After class, students are permitted to wear their own clothes.

Accreditation.

Swiss.

CAIBS's (upper) secondary education ("Middle and High School") is not approved as a Mittelschule/Collège/Liceo by the Swiss Federal State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI).

Campus.

The student body numbers about 240 students from more than 40 nationalities. The campus is set around one main building dating from the school's founding in 1910, but has been expanded and modified, with now 6 external dorms around the town of Villars.

Expeditions.

Every year, some students climb Kilimanjaro in Africa. There are trips to several places around the world, some of which include New Zealand, Morocco, Ghana, India, Tanzania, Uruguay, Japan, Chile, United States Of America, Madagascar and China. On November 27, 2009, 252 people, the students and staff of the school, embarked on a 12-day cruise on the Mediterranean Sea to celebrate 100 years of Beau Soleil. In February, 2013, the whole school went on a trip to Tanzania, where students and staff climbed Kilimanjaro, traveled to Zanzibar on a cultural trip, visited the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and helped in a local orphanage owned by the school.

Orphanages.

Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil owns orphanages including some in Madagascar, Tanzania, India and Uruguay. The school visits these orphanages as part of humanitarian expeditions.

Founded in 1910, Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil is one of the oldest private boarding schools in Switzerland. It is located above sea level on the Swiss Alps of Villars-sur-Ollon, Switzerland. The college provides a full boarding education for students from over 60 different nationalities aged 11–18 years old. Owned by the de Meyer family until 2010, the school then passed into the Nord Anglia Education family of schools. Nord Anglia Education is responsible for 61 international schools located across 28 countries, with a total of more than 61,000 students.

Das Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil (ehemals: "Institution Beau Soleil") ist eine 1910 gegründete internationale Schule in Villars-sur-Ollon im Kanton Waadt in der Schweiz.


History.

Doug Pinnick was born in Braidwood, Illinois then moved to Joliet, Illinois when he was fourteen. He grew up in a musical family where everyone either sang or played an instrument. He was raised by his great-grandmother, a devoutly religious woman, and was reared in a very strict Southern Baptist environment. He has seventeen half-brothers and sisters, from three mothers and two fathers. When he was in grade school, Pinnick participated in choir and played saxophone. As a teenager, he listened to classic R&B and Motown artists such as Stevie Wonder, Little Richard, and Aretha Franklin. Pinnick sang in bands throughout high school, one of the earliest being a group called Stone Flower which he describes as "Chicago Transit Authority meets Sly & the Family Stone". While attending Joliet Junior College in 1969, Pinnick was inspired by hard rock bands such as Led Zeppelin and Jimi Hendrix. Around this time, he also started listening to perhaps his biggest influence, Sly & the Family Stone. His dream was to form a band that combined all of these varied influences.  After attending college for roughly six months, Pinnick dropped out and joined a traveling gospel band called The Spurrlows.  At one point in the early seventies, Pinnick moved to a Christian community in Florida. There, he remained involved in the music business by promoting small shows by Christian rock bands. He soon grew tired of that and moved back to Illinois.  In the mid seventies, Pinnick formed a band called Servant with keyboardist Matt Spransy. They were described as a progressive, art rock type of band along the lines of Yes and Emerson, Lake & Palmer. The band played all over the midwest and put together a demo of original songs. Oddly enough, there was a band from Canada that also called themselves Servant who had actually scored a recording contract. Spransy joined the other band in the late seventies, and recorded a song for the 1981 album "Rockin' Revival" that he and Pinnick had written together called "I'm Gonna Live". Pinnick was also part of Alpha as well as his own Doug Pinnick Band shortly after Spransy joined the Canadian Servant.  In 1979, Pinnick was invited to join a band that was forming in Springfield, Missouri. with singer Greg X. Volz of Petra fame. He accepted the offer and re-located, only to have the band dissolve within a month of his arrival. He was soon offered a spot in guitarist Phil Keaggy's touring band, along with the drummer from the failed Volz project, Jerry Gaskill. Pinnick has a co-writing credit on the track "Just a Moment Away" from Keaggy's 1980 album "Ph'lip Side". Pinnick toured with Keaggy for about a year before returning to Springfield and set about looking for a new musical project.  Pinnick soon became involved with guitarist Ty Tabor after seeing him play a concert at Evangel College in Springfield. Jerry Gaskill was later included and the band The Edge was born. In 1983, the band changed their name to Sneak Preview and released an independent, self titled LP. The trio evolved into King's X several years (and a move to Houston, Texas) later.  Since then, Pinnick has become one of the most respected voices in rock music by fans, critics, and peers alike. He is highly sought-after by other artists for album guest appearances, as well as membership in several side bands and recording projects.  In 1998, Pinnick confirmed his homosexuality, coming out during an interview for "Regeneration Quarterly". Diamante Music Group cancelled distribution of King's X material in Christian retail stores following this information becoming public knowledge. In recent years, Pinnick has revealed that he now identifies as agnostic, in contrast to his Contemporary Christian music past.  Besides King's X, Pinnick became active with his own Hound Pound studio in Texas. He currently resides in Los Angeles.  In March 2018, it was announced that original member of the proto punk band MC5 Wayne Kramer would embark on a 35-date tour of North America for their 50th anniversary of the band's debut, "Kick Out the Jams", recruiting Pinnick to play bass along with Kim Thayil of Soundgarden, Brendan Canty of Fugazi, and Marcus Durant of Zen Guerilla.

Projects.

Pinnick's first solo project, Poundhound, released two albums, "Massive Grooves" and "Pineappleskunk", with King's X bandmate Jerry Gaskill on drums on some tracks from the first album and all tracks on the second. Doug dropped the Poundhound moniker for his third solo album, "Emotional Animal", instead crediting himself as "dUg Pinnick." The album, released by Magna Carta Records, features Gaskill's son, Joey, on drums. He released his fourth solo album, Strum Sum Up in November 2007 on Magna Carta.  Pinnick was also a member of the short-lived band Supershine, along with long-time Trouble guitarist, Bruce Franklin and Trouble drummer, Jeff Olson. Supershine released only one self-titled album in 2000 on Metal Blade Records. He sang lead vocals on the eponymous debut album by former Winger guitarist Reb Beach's band The Mob, released in 2005. He also stood in for lead singer Corey Glover on Living Colour's European tour in August 2006 while Glover was starring as Judas Iscariot in a tour of "Jesus Christ Superstar".  Other vocal appearances by Doug Pinnick include Dream Theater's "Lines In the Sand" (guest vocals in the choruses) from the "Falling into Infinity" album, "Welcome to the Machine" from the "An All Star Lineup Performing the Songs of Pink Floyd" album, "Parasite" on an all-star tribute to Kiss entitled "Spin The Bottle", as well as "Taxman" on a Beatles tribute album entitled "Butchering the Beatles".  Pinnick appears on the 2008 holiday album "We Wish You A Metal XMas...", a compilation album featuring many hard rock musicians collaborating on popular Christmas songs. Pinnick appears on the track "Little Drummer Boy". He performed guest vocals on the Black Sugar Transmission track "Runnin' Like a Dog", which was released on the band's e.p. USE IT in 2009. He also performs with King's X partner Ty Tabor, along with former Galactic Cowboys members Wally Farkas and Alan Doss, as a group called The Jibbs. They have a song, "Burns In The Rain", available via download to help relief efforts following Hurricane Ike.  Dug sang all lead vocals on Razr 13's (Austin, Texas) debut record "Reflections" released in 2009. Professional wrestler, Vinnie Vineyard (Funkmaster V) uses a remixed version of Pinnick's "Coming Over" as his entrance music. Hal Sparks used several tracks off of Pinnick's Strum Sum Up CD as his musical accompaniment during his magic show performances on VH1's Celebracadabra that aired in 2008  Pinnick's side project, Tres Mts., with Jeff Ament of Pearl Jam and Richard Stuverud of the Fastbacks, released their album, "Three Mountains", through Monkeywrench Records on March 8, 2011. He also sang backup on Pearl Jam's song "W.M.A." during Pearl Jam's April 3, 1994 concert, which King's X opened for.  On February 12, 2013, Magna Carta released the Mike Varney-produced "Pinnick Gales Pridgen", featuring Eric Gales on guitar and vocals, Pinnick on bass and vocals, and Thomas Pridgen (formerly of The Mars Volta) on drums. The 13-track album features one cover song, "Sunshine of Your Love", originally by Cream, one short instrumental based on Ludwig van Beethoven's "Für Elise", and the remaining songs written by some combination of Pinnick, Gales, Pridgen and Varney. The follow-up, titled "PGP 2", was released on July 8, 2014.  In 2013, Pinnick collaborated with friend Robbi Robb of Tribe after Tribe to form the Mojave, CA based jam band 3rd Ear Experience. They released two albums, "Peacock Black" and "Boi", the later issued through Megaforce Records, within only months of each other. A third album, "Incredible Good Fortune", followed in 2014 although Pinnick did not appear on it.  On March 11, 2014, Pinnick's all-star side project KXM, featuring former Dokken guitarist George Lynch and Korn drummer Ray Luzier, released their eponymous debut album through Rat Pak Records. In May 2014, Pinnick's side project Grinder Blues with the Emmy Award-winning Bihlman Brothers signed a deal with Megaforce Records and announced an August 19, 2014 release for their debut record.

Equipment.

Pinnick is a notable user of the 12-string bass, which is a bass guitar with four sets of triple-coursed octave strings, similar to a 12-string guitar. Pinnick owns a custom made 12-string bass, made by Yamaha, which he uses in the studio and in live performances. Pinnick was endorsed by Yamaha, although he briefly switched to Dean guitars in the late 2000s. Pinnick also recently endorsed by Schecter, and used two Model-T basses in 2011 for the Live Love over Europe tour.  He used Ampeg amplifiers exclusively, but the New York-based Tech 21 released his signature bass amp head, the dUg Ultra bass 1000. He also uses a complex rig set-up including many EQs and amplifiers. Pinnick is also a user of the Line 6 POD pro, which he uses for effects. Oddly, he uses the guitar, not the bass model of the POD pro effects.

Douglas Theodore Pinnick (born September 3, 1950), sometimes stylized as dUg Pinnick or simply dUg, is an American musician best known as the bass guitarist, songwriter, and co-lead vocalist for the hard rock and progressive metal band King's X. He has performed on fifteen albums with King's X, and recorded four solo albums. Pinnick has also participated in numerous side projects, and has multiple guest appearances to his credit. He is recognized for his unique vocals (which are characterized by a strong gospel influence), and heavily distorted bass tone.

Doug Pinnick (* 3. September 1950 in Braidwood, Illinois) ist ein US-amerikanischer Rock- und Metal-Bassist und -Sänger. Bekannt wurde er durch seine Tätigkeit für King’s X, mit denen er 14 Alben veröffentlichte, aber auch durch sechs Soloalben.


Early life and education.

Vela was born in Harlingen, Texas and raised in Brownsville, Texas. His father, Filemon Bartolome Vela Sr., was a long-serving United States federal judge. The Reynaldo G. Garza-Filemon B. Vela United States Courthouse in Brownsville is named in Judge Vela's honor. His mother, Blanca Sanchez Vela, served as Brownsville's first female mayor from 1999 to 2003.  Filemon attended Saint Joseph Academy in Brownsville, Texas, and went on to receive his B.A. degree from Georgetown University in 1985. During his time at Georgetown, he served as an intern at the Federal Judicial Center, the research and education agency of the federal judicial system. He also served as an intern in Solomon P. Ortiz's Washington, D.C. office. Vela earned his J.D. degree from University of Texas at Austin School of Law in 1987.

Career.

In "Edinburg School District v. Landmark", Vela represented Edinburg to fight for more funding. In Pharr-San Juan-Alamo Independent School District v. Landmark, he represented the district in fighting contractors accused of building a poorly constructed school facility.

U.S. House of Representatives.

2012 election.

Vela decided to run in the newly created Texas's 34th congressional district as a Democrat. In the May 29 primary, Vela ranked first in an eight-candidate field with 40% of the vote. In the July 31 run-off primary, Vela defeated Denise Saenz Blanchard, 67% to 33%.  In the general election, Vela defeated Republican Jessica Bradshaw 62% to 36%.

Tenure.

In July 2013, Vela quit the Congressional Hispanic Caucus because of his opposition to the Hoeven-Corker Amendment that tied border security to a pathway to citizenship. He said "erecting more border fence drives a wedge between border communities which are culturally united".

Personal life.

Vela's wife, Rose, was a Republican justice on Texas' 13th Court of Appeals from 2007 to 2012.

Filemón Bartolomé Vela Jr. (born February 13, 1963) is an American lawyer and politician who has served as the U.S. Representative for since 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Filemon Bartolome Vela Jr. (* 13. Februar 1963 in Harlingen, Texas) ist ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Seit 2013 vertritt er den Bundesstaat Texas im US-Repräsentantenhaus.


Early life and education.

Tammy Duckworth was born in Bangkok, Thailand, the daughter of Lamai Sompornpairin and Franklin Duckworth. Her father, who died in 2005, was a U.S. Army veteran who traced his family's American roots to the American Revolutionary War. Her mother is Thai, of Chinese descent. Because of her father's work with the United Nations and international companies in refugee, housing, and development programs, the family moved around Southeast Asia. Duckworth became fluent in Thai and Indonesian, in addition to English.  Duckworth attended Singapore American School, and for a few months in her senior year was at the International School Bangkok, and was in the class of 1985 at Jakarta Intercultural School (then known as Jakarta International School). The family settled in Hawaii when she was sixteen. Her father became unemployed for a time, and the family relied on public assistance. She graduated with honors from McKinley High School in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1985, having skipped the ninth grade. She graduated from the University of Hawaii in 1989 with a Bachelor of Arts in political science and later received a Master of Arts in international affairs from George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs. She completed a PhD in Human Services at Capella University in March 2015.

Military service.

Following in the footsteps of her father, who served in World War II, and ancestors who served in the Revolutionary War, Duckworth joined the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps as a graduate student at George Washington University in 1990. She became a commissioned officer in the United States Army Reserve in 1992 and chose to fly helicopters because it was one of the few combat jobs open to women. As a member of the Army Reserve, she went to flight school, later transferring to the Army National Guard and entering the Illinois Army National Guard in 1996. Duckworth also worked as a staff supervisor at Rotary International headquarters in Evanston, Illinois and was the coordinator of the Center for Nursing Research at Northern Illinois University.  Duckworth was working towards a Ph.D. in political science at Northern Illinois University, with research interests in the political economy and public health in southeast Asia, when she was deployed to Iraq in 2004. She lost her right leg near the hip and her left leg below the knee from injuries sustained on November 12, 2004, when the UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter she was co-piloting was hit by a rocket-propelled grenade fired by Iraqi insurgents. She was the first American female double amputee from the Iraq war. The explosion severely broke her right arm and tore tissue from it, necessitating major surgery to repair it. Duckworth received a Purple Heart on December 3 and was promoted to Major on December 21 at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, where she was presented with an Air Medal and Army Commendation Medal. She retired from the Illinois Army National Guard in October 2014 as a lieutenant colonel.  The Daughters of the American Revolution erected a statue with Duckworth's likeness and that of the Revolution's Molly Pitcher in Mount Vernon, Illinois, in 2011. The statue was dedicated in honor of female veterans.

Government service.

On November 21, 2006, several weeks after losing her first congressional campaign, Duckworth was appointed Director of the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs by Governor Rod Blagojevich. Duckworth served in that position until February 8, 2009. While she was Director, she was credited with starting a program to help veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and veterans with brain injury.  On September 17, 2008, Duckworth attended a campaign event for Dan Seals, the Democratic candidate for Illinois's 10th congressional district. Duckworth used vacation time, but violated Illinois law by going to the event in a state-owned van which was equipped for a person with physical disabilities. She acknowledged the mistake and repaid the state for the use of the van.  In 2009, two Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs employees at the Anna Veterans' Home in Union County filed a lawsuit against Duckworth. The lawsuit alleged that Duckworth wrongfully terminated one employee and threatened and intimidated another for bringing reports of abuse and misconduct of veterans when she was head of the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs. Duckworth was represented in the suit by the Illinois Attorney General's office. The case was dismissed twice but refilings were allowed. The court set a tentative trial date of August 2016 and rejected the final motion to dismiss. The state announced that it had settled the case in June 2016 for $26,000 with no admission of wrongdoing. Although the plaintiffs later indicated they no longer wanted to settle, the judge gave them 21 days to sign the settlement and canceled the trial.  Also in 2009, the Illinois Auditor General released an audit of the Veteran's Affairs department. Some issues noted by the audit predated Duckworth's tenure, while the majority of the audit covered Duckworth's tenure. Findings of the audit included a fiscal year 2007 report that was not completed on time, failure to conduct annual reviews of benefits received by Illinois veterans, and failure to establish a task force to study the possible health effects of exposure to hazardous materials. The routine audit covered a two-year period, June 2006 to June 2008, and the findings were described by the auditor's department as "typical" in its audits.  On February 3, 2009, Duckworth was nominated to be the Assistant Secretary of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The United States Senate confirmed her for the position on April 22. Duckworth resigned from her position in June 2011 in order to launch her campaign for the U.S. House of Representatives in Illinois's 8th Congressional District.

U.S. House of Representatives.

Elections.

Duckworth spoke at the 2008, 2012, and 2016 Democratic National Conventions.

2006.

After longtime incumbent Republican Henry Hyde announced his retirement from Congress, several candidates began campaigning for the open seat. Duckworth won the Democratic primary with a plurality of 44%, defeating 2004 nominee Christine Cegelis with 40%, and Wheaton College professor Lindy Scott with 16%. State Senator Peter Roskam was unopposed in the Republican primary. For the general election, Duckworth was endorsed by EMILY's List, a political action committee that supports female Democratic candidates who back abortion rights. Duckworth was also endorsed by the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence and the Fraternal Order of Police. While she raised $4.5 million to Roskam's $3.44 million, Duckworth lost by 4,810 votes, receiving 49% to Roskam's 51%.

2012.

In July 2011, Duckworth launched her campaign to run in 2012 for Illinois's 8th congressional district. She defeated former Deputy Treasurer of Illinois Raja Krishnamoorthi for the Democratic nomination on March 20, 2012, then faced incumbent Republican Joe Walsh in the general election. Duckworth received the endorsement of both the "Chicago Tribune" and the Daily Herald. Walsh generated controversy when in July 2012, at a campaign event, he accused Duckworth of politicizing her military service and injuries, saying "my God, that's all she talks about. Our true heroes, the men and women who served us, it's the last thing in the world they talk about." Walsh called the controversy over his comments "a political ploy to distort my words and distract voters" and said that "Of course Tammy Duckworth is a hero... I have called her a hero hundreds of times."  On November 6, 2012, Duckworth defeated Walsh 55%–45%. She became the first woman with a disability to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, and the first member of Congress born in Thailand.

2014.

In the 2014 general election, Duckworth faced Republican Larry Kaifesh, a United States Marine Corps officer who had recently left active duty as a colonel. Duckworth defeated Kaifesh with 56% of the vote.

Tenure.

Duckworth was sworn into office on January 3, 2013.  On April 3, 2013, Duckworth publicly returned 8.4% ($1,218) of her congressional salary for that month to the United States Department of Treasury in solidarity with furloughed government workers.  On June 26, 2013, during a hearing of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, Duckworth received national media attention after questioning Strong Castle CEO Braulio Castillo on a $500 million government contract the company had been awarded based on Castillo's disabled veteran status.

U.S. Senate.

2016 election.

On March 30, 2015, Duckworth announced that she would challenge incumbent U.S. Senator Mark Kirk for his seat in the 2016 Senate election in Illinois. Duckworth defeated fellow Democrats Andrea Zopp and Napoleon Harris in the primary election on March 15, 2016.  During a televised debate on October 27, 2016, Duckworth talked about her ancestors' past service in the United States military. Kirk responded, "I'd forgotten that your parents came all the way from Thailand to serve George Washington." The comment led to the Human Rights Campaign withdrawing their endorsement of Kirk and switching it to Duckworth, stating his comments were "deeply offensive and racist."  On November 8, Duckworth defeated Kirk 54 percent to 40 percent to win the Senate seat. Duckworth and Kamala Harris, who was also elected in 2016, are the second and third female Asian American senators, after Mazie Hirono who was elected in 2012.

Tenure.

In January 2018, following a federal government shut down after the Senate could not agree on a funding bill, Duckworth responded to President Trump's accusations that the Democrats were putting "unlawful immigrants" ahead of the military:  Duckworth became the first U.S. Senator to give birth while in office in 2018. Shortly afterward, the Senate passed Senate Resolution 463, which was introduced by Duckworth on April 12, 2018. The Senate passed Senate Resolution 463 by unanimous consent and Senate rules were changed so that a Senator has the right to bring a child under one year old on the Senate floor during votes. The day after those rules were changed, Maile became the first baby on the Senate floor when Duckworth brought her.  According to The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL), a joint partnership between the University of Virginia's Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy and Vanderbilt University, Duckworth achieved a "Legislative Effectiveness Score" (LES) of "Exceeds Expectations" as a freshman Senator in the 115th Congress (2017-2018). In the 115th Congress, Duckworth's LES ranked 11th highest out of 48 Democratic Senators. On April 15, 2020, the Trump administration invited Duckworth to join a bipartisan task force on the reopening of the economy amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Political positions.

Environment.

In April 2019, Duckworth was one of twelve senators to sign a bipartisan letter to top senators on the Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development advocating for the Energy Department to be granted with maximum funding for carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), citing American job growth could be stimulated through investment in creating viable options to capture carbon emissions released into the atmosphere and expressing disagreement with the 2020 budget request of President Trump that called for combining the two federal programs that include carbon capture research.

Foreign policy.

During her unsuccessful congressional campaign in 2006, Duckworth called on Congress to audit the estimated $437 billion spent on overseas military and foreign aid since September 11, 2001.  On September 30, 2006, Duckworth gave the Democratic Party's response to President George W. Bush's weekly radio address. In it, she was critical of Bush's strategy for the Iraq War.  In October 2006, "The Sunday Times" reported that Duckworth agreed with General Sir Richard Dannatt, the British Army chief, that the presence of coalition troops was exacerbating the conflict in Iraq.  In May 2019, Duckworth was a cosponsor of the South China Sea and East China Sea Sanctions Act, a bipartisan bill reintroduced by Marco Rubio and Ben Cardin that was intended to disrupt China's consolidation or expansion of its claims of jurisdiction over both the sea and air space in disputed zones in the South China Sea.

Gun law.

Duckworth was rated by the National Rifle Association as having a pro-gun control congressional voting record. Duckworth, who is a gun owner herself, cites violence in Chicago as a major influence for her support of gun control. She supports universal background checks and the halting of state-to-state gun trafficking.  Duckworth participated in the 2016 Chris Murphy gun control filibuster. During the sit-in, Duckworth hid her mobile phone in her prosthetic leg to avoid it being taken away from her since taking pictures and recording on the House floor is against policy.  In a 2016 interview with "GQ" magazine, Duckworth stated that gaining control of the Senate and "closing the gap" in the House would be necessary in order to pass common sense gun laws. She also stated that she believed moderate Republicans, who support common sense gun control, would have more power to influence gun control if they were not "pushed aside by those folks who are absolutely beholden to the NRA. And so we never get the vote."  In response to the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, Duckworth stated that "My heart goes out to the victims of the tragic shooting in Las Vegas last night and their loved ones. Such senseless and horrifying acts of violence have no place in America or any other nation."

Health policy.

Duckworth supports abortion rights and the Affordable Care Act.

Immigration.

Duckworth supports comprehensive immigration reform with a pathway to citizenship for those in the country illegally. She would admit 100,000 Syrian refugees into the United States.  In August 2018, Duckworth was one of seventeen senators to sign a letter spearheaded by Kamala Harris to United States Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen demanding that the Trump administration take immediate action in attempting to reunite 539 migrant children with their families, citing each passing day of inaction as intensifying "trauma that this administration has needlessly caused for children and their families seeking humanitarian protection."

Personal life.

After being shot down over Iraq, and losing both legs, Duckworth was fitted for prosthetics and is now fully ambulatory. She helped establish the Intrepid Foundation to help injured veterans.  Former Republican presidential candidate and Senator from Kansas Bob Dole dedicated his autobiography "One Soldier's Story" in part to Duckworth. Duckworth credits Dole for inspiring her to pursue public service, while she recuperated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center; although, in 2006, Dole endorsed Duckworth's Republican opponent, Peter Roskam.  In May 2010, Duckworth was awarded an honorary doctorate by Northern Illinois University. In 2011, Duckworth was honored by Chicago's Access Living for her work on behalf of veterans with disabilities.  Duckworth is married to Bryan Bowlsbey. The couple has two daughters: Abigail, who was born in 2014, and Maile, born in 2018. Maile's birth made Duckworth the first U.S. Senator to give birth while in office. Former senator Daniel Akaka (Democrat of Hawaii) helped the couple with the naming of both daughters; Akaka died April 6, 2018, three days before Maile was born. Shortly after Maile's birth, a Senate rule change permitted senators to bring children under one year old on the Senate floor to breastfeed. The day after the rule change, Duckworth brought Maile with her during the casting of a Senate vote, making Duckworth the first senator to cast a vote while holding a baby.

Ladda Tammy Duckworth (born March 12, 1968) is an American politician and former U.S. Army lieutenant colonel who has served as the junior United States Senator for Illinois since 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, she represented Illinois's 8th district in the United States House of Representatives from 2013 to 2017. Before election to office, she served as Assistant Secretary for Public and Intergovernmental Affairs in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (2009–11) and Director of the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs (2006–09). Duckworth was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2016, defeating Republican incumbent Mark Kirk.

Ladda Tammy Duckworth (* 12. März 1968 in Bangkok, Thailand) ist eine amerikanische Politikerin der Demokratischen Partei. Die hochdekorierte und schwerbeschädigte Veteranin vertritt den Bundesstaat Illinois seit 2017 im US-Senat, für den sie von 2013 bis 2017 im Repräsentantenhaus saß.


Lyrics.

The song has many lyrical variations, though usually each stanza follows a standard form, with one sentence that differs from one stanza to the next. The song often begins:  With the chorus: Other lines that can appear in stanzas, in place of "Gonna lay down my burden", include:

Themes.

The song suggests baptism in water, using the metaphor of crossing the River Jordan to enter the Promised Land in the Old Testament. The refrain of "ain't gonna study war no more" is a reference to a quotation found in the book of Isaiah, chapter 2, (KJV): "nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more."

Recordings.

Artists who have recorded the song include:

Soundtrack appearances.

The song was featured as a DLC in the Nintendo Wii game Just Dance 2 and Just Dance 3 It was used as background music in two episodes of "SpongeBob SquarePants" known as "Survival of the Idiots" and "Selling Out."  It was played in the "" episode "The Next Phase".

Parodies and alternate lyrics.

The song was the basis of an Allan Sherman parody called "Don't Buy the Liverwurst". The tune of "Down by the Riverside" was also used in a McDonald's's 1960s jingle, "McDonald's Is My Kind of Place". In episode 72 of the animated television series "Animaniacs", this song was parodied as "U.N. Me" about the United Nations Headquarters and was later released on their 2nd album, "Yakko's World".  In the UK, "Down by the Riverside" was parodied for use by a radio commercial on some local radio stations (namely Mix 107) about eco-friendly travel choices (i.e. leaving the car for one day a week).  JibJab also used the melody in a song about the year 2012 in review (called "2012: The End Is Here!").  An episode of "Liv & Maddie" had Liv singing a song about her musical group with senior citizens, "The Golden Chords, " at a retirement home, to the tune of this song.

"Down by the Riverside" (also known as "Ain't Gonna Study War No More" and "Gonna lay down my burden") is a spiritual. Its roots date back to before the American Civil War, though it was first published in 1918 in "Plantation Melodies: A Collection of Modern, Popular and Old-time Negro-Songs of the Southland", Chicago, the Rodeheaver Company. The song has alternatively been known as “Ain' go'n' to study war no mo'”, “Ain't Gwine to Study War No More”, “Down by de Ribberside”, “Going to Pull My War-Clothes” and “Study war no more”. The song was first recorded by the Fisk University jubilee quartet in 1920 (published by Columbia in 1922), and there are at least 14 black gospel recordings before World War II.

Down by the Riverside (auch bekannt als "Ain't Gonna Study War No More" und als "Gonna Lay Down My Burden") ist ein US-amerikanischer Gospelsong, dessen Ursprünge bis zum amerikanischen Bürgerkrieg zurückzuverfolgen sind und der schon damals als Friedenslied unter dem Titel "Gwine-a study war no more" nachweisbar ist. Zum Jazzstandard wurde das Traditional in den 1940er- und 1950er-Jahren.