History.

The town of Tisbury, Massachusetts occupies the West Chop portion of the island of Martha's Vineyard. It is separated from neighboring West Tisbury by a line including Lake Tashmoo, a saltwater lake on the western side of the chop, and a freshwater spring that fed the lake. The Tisbury area was settled in the 17th century, and has since then been home to the island's major port, Vineyard Haven.  The northern reaches of West Chop were used for agriculture well into the 19th century. Interest in developing the area as a summer resort began in the 1870s with several failed proposals, but began in a serious way in the 1880s with the establishment of the West Chop Land Company. Financial interests in that company, seeking a reliable water supply for the growing development, formed the Vineyard Haven Water Company in 1886. This company purchased of land, including Tashmoo Spring and lakefront on Lake Tashmoo, and in 1887 constructed a steam-powered pumping station at a cost of $48.300. It was the island's first water pumping station.  The pumping station was powered by two steam engines, and drew water from the lake. It was delivered by a series of pipes to the new development at West Chop, and to Vineyard Haven, where it supplied water for a few fire hydrants and private homes. It was relatively quickly found to be inadequate for the needs of water supply and of fire prevention, and the private company was criticized for its high rates. The town took over the facility from the company in 1905 by eminent domain.  Between 1905 and 1931 the town expanded the capacity of the system, and introduced new technology to improve its reliability, building an addition onto the main station in 1907. The facility was converted from steam power to electricity in 1919, necessitating further alterations to the plant to accommodate new equipment.  In 1932 a major hurricane breached the sandbar that separate Lake Tashmoo from the Atlantic Ocean. This increased the salinity of the water in the lake, and highlighted to the town the risks of the facility's location to its water supply. It consequently constructed a dike to isolate a portion of upper end of the lake from saltwater incursion. This dike was breached by a hurricane 1944, introducing salt water into the station's intake well. Hurricane Carol in 1954 swamped the pumphouse, disabling the equipment. By this time the town had already begun seeking alternatives to the Tashmoo Spring supply, and a new well was able to supply the town during the outage. The town stopped using the Tashmoo Spring facility as its primary water supply in 1971.  After that the facilities fell into decline. They were briefly revived in the 1980s by a private interest that sold "Tashmoo Spring Bottled Water" until 1999. The town has since then taken steps to restore the main pumping station's roof, and has placed a preservation restriction on the building. of land area, encompassing the surviving elements of the water works, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

The Tashmoo Springs Pumping Station is a historic waterworks facility in Tisbury, Massachusetts, on the island of Martha's Vineyard. The pump station and associated works were first constructed by private interests in the 1880s to provide a reliable water supply for the burgeoning resort areas of Tisbury as well as the port of Vineyard Haven. The facilities were taken over by the town in the early 20th century, after which some alterations were made to accommodate technological improvements. Followinga series of hurricanes in the mid-20th century, which highlighted the risks of the station's location and ability to provide reliable drinking water, the town abandoned the facility. Since then it has been largely abandoned, although it was used in the 1990s by a bottled water interest, and some work has been done to preserve the Late Victorian main pumping station building.

Die Tashmoo Springs Pumping Station (auch Tisbury Waterworks Spring Building) ist ein historisches Wasserwerk bei Tisbury im Bundesstaat Massachusetts der Vereinigten Staaten. Das Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts errichtete Gebäude wurde 2008 gemeinsam mit 12 sog. Contributing Properties in das National Register of Historic Places aufgenommen.


Contemporary history.

The sketch appears to date from the last weeks of the composer's life, in October–November 1828, and is presumed to be the Last Symphony ("Letzte Symphonie") mentioned by his friend Eduard von Bauernfeld in an appreciation of Schubert published in the "Wiener Zeitschrift für Kunst, Literatur, Theater und Mode" for 13 June 1829.  The music of the symphony appears to some extent exploratory and contains unusual elements, notably the hybrid form of the third movement and the highly contrapuntal nature of much of the material. Sketches for the third movement are intermingled with several counterpoint exercises, which suggests that it is related in some way to the single counterpoint lesson Schubert took from Simon Sechter a few weeks before his death in 1828.

Extant material of every movement.

The sketches are written on two staves, with voice leading, and harmonies ranging from complete to partly indicated. The manuscript contains about 30 instrumental indications, confirming that the intended orchestra was similar in size to the eighth and ninth symphonies, with a trio of trombones.  The manuscript contains sketches of three movements, each one in different time signatures. Scholars agree that the second movement is virtually completed, while the two outer movements are in less completed form. According to composer, conductor and Schubert expert Brian Newbould, the second and third movements are complete in the sketches, with the first only lacking the recapitulation.

First movement.

"Allegro maestoso" in D major, For the first movement, in sonata form, Schubert wrote the full exposition; however, he then crossed out the first theme group and the transition and rewrote them on the following page; these lead to the second theme as written in the first draft. After ending the exposition in several A major cadences, the tempo changes from "Allegro maestoso" to "Andante", and the new key of B minor is established. This new section, acting as an unconventional development, presents a solemn chorale-like variation of the second subject played by the trombones. According to Newbould, the whole development is written out, but there is no recapitulation. Actually, many sketches of Schubert's finished works lack the recapitulation (like his last piano sonatas), due to it being mostly a partially transposed repetition of the exposition. After this, a series of short "modules" marked "Presto" serve as sketches for the coda of the movement.

Second movement.

"Andante" in B minor, The second movement, whose lyricism is reminiscent of the composer's Winterreise, as well as foreshadowing Mahler's "Kindertotenlieder", is also laid out in sonata form. In the sketch, Schubert crossed out the coda, despite no apparent falling-off quality. Also, a haunting (in Newbould's words) F major melody at the end of the second subject group of the exposition does not reappear later in the movement (it had been added as an afterthought in another page, apparently after discarding the coda).  Newbould claims that the F major melody was "too beautiful" to be heard only once, and that Schubert's intention was to repeat it in the recapitulation (in the tonic major, B major) before the coda (as expected in sonata form), but that he left those details aside and he began the third movement instead.

Third movement.

"Scherzo" ("Allegro moderato" in Newbould's edition) in D major, The third movement was at first labelled ""scherzo"", despite being in. After a writing a few measures, Schubert left it aside, instead filling the page with counterpoint exercises testing the compatibility of the elements, in order to give the original opening a logical continuation. On another page, the movement is started again, this time materializing into a complete movement that became the finale of the symphony (according to Newbould). The movement is unconventional, either as a scherzo or as a finale. What was intended as the trio of a scherzo in ternary form in the first draft, became an episode later, while the piece was reshaped into a rondo. The movement is riddled with counterpoint (canons, invertible counterpoint, fugato, augmentation), and the two main themes (the original "scherzo" and "trio" themes) are superimposed at the end of the symphony. According to Newbould, several middle-sized sections of the movement have to be reshuffled in order to understand the movement, and that two of them were discarded (despite not explicitly deleted in the manuscript) as their material or function was overtaken by other.

Newbould's completion.

According to Newbould, the exposition and development of the first movement are completely written out, so the recapitulation is based on the exposition, with the pertinent transpositions. Only 11 bars based on earlier transitional material or composed by Newbould were added. As for the coda, his reconstruction became more speculative, but Schubert left a series of modules marked "presto" which left the overall plan clear. In his opinion, the composer left enough clues so as to decide the correct order of the modules.  For the second movement, Newbould repeated the F major melody (this time in the tonic, B) at the end of the recapitulation, in analogy to the exposition. He also used the coda that Schubert had discarded, since in his view, it had been crossed out in order to restate the melody before.  For the third movement, Newbould reshuffled some sections (as they were not in order in his view), and discarded two of them, which in his opinion had been discarded by Schubert (despite no explicit deletion in the manuscript) as their material or function was overtaken by other sections.

Bartholomée's additions.

Belgian conductor Pierre Bartholomée viewed Newbould's completion as too respectful and conservative. Subsequently, he reharmonized parts of it to fit his idea of Schubert's late style, and gave more development to contrapuntal entries only indicated in the manuscript. He also gave the winds more prominent roles. He also adds the scherzo from the D 708A symphonic fragment as the third movement. In this aspect, Bartholomée's edition is debatable as the fragment seems to have been conceived by Schubert in a three-movement form, with the third movement combining elements of a Scherzo and a Rondo. Additionally, Bartholomée did not respect the instruments available at Schubert's time, when he wrote for chromatic horns and trumpets.

Related works.

Luciano Berio's "Rendering", composed in 1989, is based on the sketches for this symphony.

Schubert's Symphony No. 10 in D major, D 936A, is an unfinished work that survives in a piano sketch. Written during the last weeks of the composer's short life, it was only properly identified in the 1970s. It has been orchestrated by Brian Newbould in a completion that has subsequently been performed, published and recorded.

Schuberts Entwürfe zu einer Sinfonie in D-Dur, D 936A sind ein unvollständiges Werk, das nur in einer Skizze für das Klavier überliefert wurde. Der Komponist schrieb es in den letzten Wochen seines kurzen Lebens. Die Existenz von Sinfonie-Fragmenten Schuberts in D-Dur war seit längerem bekannt, aber erst seit der 1978 von Ernst Hilmar herausgegebenen Faksimile-Edition ist klar, dass Schubert tatsächlich drei verschiedene Sinfonien (D 615, D 708 A und D 936 A) in dieser Tonart skizziert hat. Es existieren verschiedene Versuche, das vorhandene Material aufführbar zu machen, der früheste von Peter Gülke (1982). Brian Newbould schrieb eine komplettierte Orchesterversion der Sinfonie, welche schließlich unter dem Titel Sinfonie Nr. 10 aufgeführt, veröffentlicht und aufgenommen wurde.


History.

The castle was originally a motte and bailey castle built in 1090 by Robert de Romille, lord of the multiple estates of Bolton Abbey. Shortly after 1102 Henry I extended Romille's lands to include all of upper Wharfedale and upper Airedale. The earth and wood castle was rebuilt in stone to withstand attacks by the Scots. The cliffs behind the castle, dropping down to Eller Beck, made the castle a perfect defensive structure. The Romille line died out, and in 1310 Edward II granted the castle to Robert Clifford who was appointed Lord Clifford of Skipton and Guardian of Craven. Robert Clifford ordered many improvements to the fortifications, but died in the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 when the improvements were barely complete.  During the English Civil War the castle was the only Royalist stronghold in the north of England until December 1645. After a three-year siege, a surrender was negotiated in 1645 between Oliver Cromwell and the Royalists. Cromwell ordered the removal of the castle roofs. Legend has it that during the siege, sheep fleeces were hung over the walls to deaden the impact from the rounds of cannon fire. Sheep fleeces feature in the town's coat of arms. Skipton remained the Cliffords' principal seat until 1676. Lady Anne Clifford (1590–1676) was the last Clifford to own it. After the siege, she ordered repairs and she planted a yew tree in the central courtyard to commemorate its repair after the war.  Today Skipton Castle is a well-preserved medieval castle and is a tourist attraction and private residence. The castle is the start of the Lady Anne's Way long distance path to Penrith.

Layout.

The castle has six drum towers, with a domestic range connecting two towers on the northern side, protected by a precipice overlooking the Eller Beck. The first floor comprises the original kitchen, great hall, withdrawing rooms and the lord's bedchamber. New kitchens, storage and work cellars make up the ground floor. The remaining towers are military in nature and purpose. In the 16th and 17th centuries were added a new entrance staircase (replacing the original drawbridge), a further domestic wing, and larger windows in the original structure. The roof is fully intact. In the centre is a Tudor courtyard, the Conduit Court, which contains a yew tree, reputedly planted by Lady Anne in 1659.  The outer curtain wall encloses the inner wards and subsidiary buildings, including the ruins of a 12th-century chapel. The wall is mainly extant, and is pierced by a twin-towered Norman gatehouse. The east tower of the gatehouse contains a 17th-century shell grotto, one of two remaining grottos from this period. (The other is at Woburn Abbey.)  Recently, an ancient well was uncovered, which explains how the castle garrison survived the siege of 1643-5.

Skipton Castle is a Grade I Listed medieval castle in Skipton, North Yorkshire, England. It was built in 1090 by Robert de Romille, a Norman baron, and has been preserved for over 900 years.

Skipton Castle ist eine mittelalterliche Burg in Skipton in der englischen Verwaltungseinheit North Yorkshire. Sie entstand 1090 auf Geheiß von Robert de Romille, einem normannischen Baron, und blieb über 900 Jahre bis heute erhalten.


Geography.

Chickasaw is located at. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and (3.06%) is water.

Demographics.

The city had its peak of population in 1960, when the shipyard was still operating at high capacity. Decline in shipyard jobs has resulted in a decline in overall population since then.  As of the census of 2000, there were 6,364 people, 2,747 households, and 1,747 families living in the city. The population density was 1,436.3 people per square mile (554.7/km). There were 2,989 housing units at an average density of 674.6 per square mile (260.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 88.89% White, 8.12% Black or African American, 1.35% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. 1.15% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.  There were 2,747 households out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.95.  In the city, the population dispersal was 23.6% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,036, and the median income for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $29,074 versus $21,181 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,190. About 13.0% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.1% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 6,106 people, 2,430 households, and 1,612 families living in the city. The population density was 1,387,7 people per square mile (531.0 km). There were 2,879 housing units at an average density of 654.3 per square mile (250.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 63.0% White, 33.6% Black or African American,.8% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. 2.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.  There were 2,430 households out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 22.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.12.  In the city, the population dispersal was 26.9% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $33,061, and the median income for a family was $40,625. Males had a median income of $35,300 versus $25,369 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,105. About 18.9% of families and 20.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.0% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over. The median home price was an estimated $83,800 in 2010. The rent burden was 47.9%.

Education.

Chickasaw's public schools are within the Chickasaw City Schools district. The city voted in 2012 to form its own school system with Satsuma, Alabama, leaving that operated by Mobile County School Board.

History of schools.

Chicksaw's public schools were previously operated by the Mobile County Public School System. Hamilton Elementary School was within the Chickasaw city limits and serves Chickasaw residents. In addition two magnet schools, the elementary Chickasaw School of Mathematics and Science and the Clark School of Mathematics, Science and Technology (high school), were in the city. Residents zoned to Hamilton are also zoned to Chastang Middle School.  Several years prior to 2009, officials of Chickasaw, Satsuma, and Saraland contemplated forming the "Delta School District." Around 2009 Chickasaw officials considered a plan to secede from the Mobile County school system, after Mobile County officials considered closing the Chickasaw magnets, which together have a combined total of 14% Chickasaw residents. The remainder of the students came from other locations, including the unincorporated area of Grand Bay. Mobile County considered moving the magnets to Shaw High School in western Mobile.  Chickasaw did separate from the Mobile County school system, effective in 2013, with the understanding that the elementary Chickasaw School of Mathematics and Science would be relocated from Chickasaw within four years. While it remained, the residents of Chickasaw were required to pay $2,200 per year per child in order to attend the school, as they were no longer part of the county system. In January 2013 the Mobile County school board decided to move the elementary Mathematics and Science school to the former Howard Elementary School near Downtown Mobile.

History.

Company town.

In the early 20th century before the city now standing was incorporated, the present site of Chickasaw was a company town, wholly owned by Chickasaw Shipyard and developed for its workers. The property was bought by Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation in 1940. It expanded with the defense buildup during World War II.  It attempted to restrict the activities of Jehovahs Witnesses, it was the subject of a case that reached the Supreme Court of the United States, "Marsh v. Alabama", 326 U.S. 501 (1946). The court ruled that although the Chickasaw Shipyard Village was privately owned, because it functioned as a town open to the public, the right conferred on residents and visitors by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution cannot be abridged.  In 1946 the village was purchased by Leedy Investment Company. It renovated housing and offered it for sale to renters. Some former residents returned to the village and bought houses. It suffered from downturns in shipbuilding, which caused the loss of jobs.  Residents worked to have the village documented, and in 2004 the Chickasaw Shipyard Village Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Chickasaw is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 U.S. Census the population is 6,106, a decline from 6,364 in 2000. It is included in the Mobile metropolitan statistical area.

Chickasaw ist eine Stadt im Mobile County im Bundesstaat Alabama in den Vereinigten Staaten. 2010 lebten hier etwa 6100 Menschen.


Internationale Filmfestspiele von Venedig 2015

Juries.

The following people formed the 2015 juries:  Main competition (Venezia 72)  Horizons (Orizzonti)  Opera Prima (Venice Award for a Debut Film)

Official selection.

In Competition.

The following films were selected for the main competition:

Out of Competition.

The following films were selected to be screened out of competition:

Horizons.

The following feature films were selected for the "Horizons (Orizzonti)" section:

Venice Classics.

The following selection of restored classic films and documentaries on cinema were screened for this section:

Biennale College - Cinema.

The following films were screened for the "Biennale College - Cinema" section, a higher education training workshop for micro-budget feature films:

Final Cut in Venice.

The following films were screened for the "Final Cut in Venice" section, a workshop to support the post-production of films from Africa:

Il Cinema nel Giardino.

The following feature films were selected for the "Il Cinema nel Giardino" section:

Autonomous sections.

International Critics’ Week.

The following films were selected for the 29th Venice International Film Critics' Week:

Venice Days.

The following films were selected for the 12th edition of the "Venice Days (Giornate degli Autori)" section:

Awards.

Official selection.

The following Official Awards were presented at the 72nd edition:  In Competition (Venezia 72)  Horizons (Orizzonti)  Lion of the Future  Venice Classics Awards  Special Awards

Autonomous sections.

The following official and collateral awards were conferred to films of the autonomous sections:  30th Venice International Critics' Week  Venice Days

Other collateral awards.

The following collateral awards were conferred to films of the official selection:

The 72nd annual Venice International Film Festival took place from 2 to 12 September 2015. Alfonso Cuarón served as the President of the Jury for the main competition. A restored version of Federico Fellini's film "Amarcord" was shown at the festival. The Venezuelan film "From Afar" by Lorenzo Vigas won the Golden Lion award.

Die 72. Internationalen Filmfestspiele von Venedig () fanden vom 2. bis 12. September 2015 statt. Sie zählen neben der Berlinale und den Internationalen Filmfestspielen von Cannes zu den drei bedeutendsten A-Festivals der Welt und standen zum vierten Mal unter der Leitung von Alberto Barbera.


Functionality.

The most common way Android Auto is deployed is via an Android mobile device running the Android Auto app, acting as a master to a vehicle's dashboard head unit that supports this functionality. Once the user's Android device is connected to the vehicle, the head unit will serve as an external display for the Android device, presenting supported software in a car-specific user interface provided by the Android Auto app. In Android Auto's first iterations, the device was required to be connected via USB to the car.  Alternatively, in November 2016, Google added the option to run Android Auto as a regular app on an Android device, i.e., not tethered to a car's head unit, which allows it to be used on Android-powered head units, or simply on a personal phone or tablet in the vehicle. In addition, on January 1, 2018, it was announced that JVCKenwood would be exhibiting wireless Android Auto-enabled head units at CES 2018, which would be capable of operating without the need for a wired connection.

Availability.

As of April 2020, Android Auto is available in 36 countries. The availability of apps on the system varies.

App support.

An Android Auto SDK has been released, allowing third parties to modify their apps to work with Android Auto; initially, only APIs for music and messaging apps would be available, but it is expected that through Android Auto, the mobile device will have access to several of the automobile's sensors and inputs, such as GPS and high-quality GPS antennae, steering-wheel mounted buttons, the sound system, directional speakers, directional microphones, wheel speed, compass, mobile antennas, etc. Also, there is partial access to car data, a feature still under development.  At CES 2018, Google confirmed that the Google Assistant would be coming to Android Auto later in the year.  Currently supported apps include Google Maps and Waze, popular music players such as Google Play Music, YouTube Music, Amazon Music, Apple Music and Spotify; and messaging apps, including WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Google Hangouts, Skype and Telegram.

Head unit support.

In May 2015, Hyundai became the first manufacturer to offer Android Auto support, making it first available in the 2015 Hyundai Sonata. Automobile manufacturers that will offer Android Auto support in their cars include Abarth, Acura, Alfa Romeo, Audi, Bentley (will be coming soon), Buick, BMW (will be coming soon), Cadillac, Chevrolet, Chrysler, Dodge, Ferrari, Fiat, Ford, GMC, Genesis, Holden, Honda, Hyundai, Infiniti, Jaguar Land Rover, Jeep, Kia, Lamborghini, Lexus, Lincoln, Mahindra and Mahindra, Maserati, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Opel, Peugeot, RAM, Renault, SEAT, Škoda, SsangYong, Subaru, Suzuki, Tata Motors Cars, Toyota, Volkswagen and Volvo.  Additionally, aftermarket car-audio systems supporting Android Auto add the technology into host vehicles, including Pioneer, Kenwood, Panasonic, and Sony.

Criticism.

In May 2019, Italy filed an antitrust complaint targeting Android Auto, citing that a Google policy of only allowing third-party media and messaging apps on the platform prevented Enel from offering an app for locating vehicle charging stations.  As of April 2020, Google hasn't enabled third parties to integrate their mapping apps with Android Auto, only its own apps, Google Maps and Waze, being available.

Android Auto is a mobile app developed by Google to mirror features from an Android device, such as a smartphone, to a car's compatible in-dash information and entertainment head unit.

Android Auto (in der Eigenschreibweise auch android auto) ist ein von Google LLC entwickeltes System, um Funktionen eines Android-Smartphones mit dem Infotainmentsystem in Kraftfahrzeugen zu nutzen. Android Auto konkurriert mit ähnlichen Systemen wie MirrorLink, Huawei HiCar für Android-Smartphones sowie mit Apples CarPlay.


History.

On December 18, 2014, the Oklahoma City Barons and Edmonton Oilers mutually agreed to end the Barons' operations after the end of the 2014–15 season, with the Barons management citing financial problems and the Oilers citing a desire to "move on." One month later, on January 29, 2015, the AHL announced that the Oilers would relocate their franchise to Bakersfield as one of five charter members to form the basis of a new Pacific Division beginning in the 2015–16 season. A name-the-team contest was held from January 30 until February 15, 2015. The Condors name was announced as the winner on February 25, 2015. The Condors unveiled their new logo and colors on April 2, 2015.  On December 18, 2015, the Condors participated in the AHL's first outdoor game in California, called the Golden State Hockey Rush, at Raley Field in West Sacramento against the Stockton Heat. The Heat would defeat the Condors 3–2 in front of 9,357 fans. Despite not making the playoffs in their first season, the Condors still contributed to the overall increase in AHL attendance with an average of 5195 per night, an increase of about 1900 spectators compared to the former Barons and similar to the former ECHL Condors.  In the 2016–17 season, the Condors were named as hosts for their second AHL Outdoor Classic game, named the Condorstown Outdoor Classic, against the Ontario Reign held on January 7, 2017, at Bakersfield College's Memorial Stadium. Despite sometimes heavy rain, the game went on as scheduled and the Condors defeated the Reign 3–2 in overtime.  During the 2018–19 season, the Condors tied the second-longest AHL winning streak at 17 games from January 12 to February 25, 2019. The Condors finished in first place in Pacific Division in the regular season before they were eliminated in the second round of the playoffs by the San Diego Gulls.

Players.

Current roster.

<br>

Notable alumni.

List of Bakersfield Condors alumni who played more than 100 games in Bakersfield and 100 or more games in the National Hockey League.

The Bakersfield Condors are a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League (AHL) based in Bakersfield, California. The team is owned by and affiliated with the National Hockey League's Edmonton Oilers. The Condors play their home games at Mechanics Bank Arena. The AHL franchise is a relocation of the Oklahoma City Barons, which joined four other AHL franchises in 2015 as the basis to form a new Pacific Division in California.

Die Bakersfield Condors sind ein US-amerikanisches Eishockeyfranchise aus Bakersfield, Kalifornien. Das Team spielt seit der Saison 2015/16 in der American Hockey League (AHL) und fungiert als Farmteam der Edmonton Oilers.


Content.

HighWire-hosted publishers collectively make over 2 million articles available (out of 7.5 million articles) freely accessible.  In 1995, the "Journal of Biological Chemistry" (JBC) (1905) published by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, was the first to launch online on the HighWire platform. Since then, a number of other journals use the technology service to develop and host their online content. Titles include, among many others: The organization has grown significantly since its inception in 1995. In addition to journals, HighWire produces and hosts ebooks, conference proceedings, databases, and more. They use open source technologies, such as Drupal, as part of the front end of the newest version of the websites.

Reviews and awards.

While HighWire is primarily a hosting facility, a 2007 study showed that its search engine outperformed PubMed in the identification of desired articles, and yielded a higher number of search results than when the same search was performed on PubMed. PubMed, however, was faster.  HighWire was the recipient of the 2003 Association for Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP) Award for "Service to Not-for-Profit Publishing", and was named one of the "Ten to Watch" organizations in the Scientific, Technical & Medical information space in 2014 by Outsell. Founding Director John Sack was awarded the Council of Science Editors (CSE) 2011 Award for Meritorious Achievement.  In 2018, HighWire won the Best Business Intelligence Reporting & Analytics Solution award for their Vizors analytics product at the SIIA CODiE Awards.  HighWire was named a 'Best Place to Work' by The Business Intelligence Group in May 2018.

HighWire is a US company that provides digital content development and hosting services to ~140 influential societies, university presses and independent publishers that produce journals, books, and other scholarly publications. It was founded by Stanford University Libraries in 1995.

HighWire Press ist ein amerikanisches Zeitschriftenaufsatz-Archiv. Über 1700 wissenschaftliche Fachzeitschriften, darunter führende wie das Journal of Biological Chemistry, Science, das Journal of Neuroscience und die Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences werden in ihrer Onlineausgabe auf Highwire Press veröffentlicht.


Season summary.

Balmain and Eastern Suburbs dominated the 14-round season, dropping just two and three games respectively. Balmain were undefeated after eight rounds but a mid-year Australian tour to New Zealand saw the black and golds lose their representative stars and their lead was lost to Eastern Suburbs for one week late in the season.  With eleven rounds played, Balmain led Eastern Suburbs by one point on the ladder but relinquished this lead by losing their round 12 match against Glebe as Eastern Suburbs beat winless Annandale 28–0. This meant Eastern Suburbs now led by one point with two rounds to play. However, they lost the very next round 15–12 to South Sydney, who had won just four of their twelve previous matches. Meanwhile, Balmain managed to beat Newtown 18–5, giving them the one point advantage heading into the final round.  The final match of the season turned out to be the decider for the premiership, with the top two teams playing one another at the Royal Agricultural Society Ground. The winner of the match would take out the premiership, whilst a draw would give Balmain the title. At the end of the day, it was the goal kicking of Balmain's Les Wall that secured the premiership, with a 13–4 win over Eastern Suburbs. Five of Wall’s attempts hit the post that day, but four crossed the bar and won Balmain the title. Members of the Balmain premiership winning side included Bob Craig and Bill Kelly.  The City Cup was won by Wests for the second consecutive season.

Teams.

The teams remained unchanged from the 1918 season

The 1919 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the twelfth season of Sydney’s professional rugby league club competition, Australia’s first. Eight teams from across the city contested during the season, with Balmain finishing on top of the ladder to claim the premiership.

Die NSWRL 1919 war die zwölfte Saison der New South Wales Rugby League Premiership, der ersten australischen Rugby-League-Meisterschaft. Den Titel gewannen die Balmain Tigers, die damit zum vierten Mal die NSWRL gewannen.


Rescue effort.

On, 1988, Inupiaq hunter Roy Ahmaogak discovered three gray whales trapped in pack ice in the Beaufort Sea near Point Barrow in the U.S. state of Alaska. The hunter used a chainsaw to attempt cutting a path in the ice leading to open water. Fellow villagers helped the hunter by using water pumps to keep ice from reforming overnight. Word spread through the Inupiat community about the whales, and biologists from North Slope Borough, Alaska, visited the site and realized the danger. A Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane heavylift helicopter was tasked to create holes in the ice using a 5-ton hammer.  The first news story about the trapped whales was in Anchorage a week later. Rescuers tried to borrow a barge from Prudhoe Bay, to break the ice and clear a path, but the barge was locked in. The whales' plight gained more attention from the media as journalists called North Slope Borough and flew to the site. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration sent a team of whale biologists, and the United States Department of State requested the help of two icebreakers from the Soviet Union, the "Vladimir Arseniev" and the "Admiral Makarov". When the whales attempted to take the exit path, a swarm of journalists caused them to swim back. Jagged ice from the rescue effort also cut the whales, bloodying the water. While the whales remained in their initial area, they were given Inuit names Putu, Siku, and Kanik and English names Bonnet, Crossbeak, and Bone, respectively. The youngest whale (Bone), nine months old, died on. On, the "Admiral Makarov" broke apart a ridge of Arctic ice that was 400 yards wide and 30 feet high. The "Vladimir Arseniev" cleared the icy rubble to create a large enough path for the remaining two whales to theoretically escape.  After the path was cut observers could find no sign of the whales and the operation was declared a success. However, the remaining two whales were reportedly in very poor health at the time of the rescue and because radio tags were never attached it is unknown if the animals survived. The rescue effort cost and was criticized by scientists.

Retrospect.

A whale expert cited the rescue effort as a catalyst for a new public perspective about whales, saying, "Although the rescue of the gray whales trapped in the Alaskan ice involved huge expense to reverse a common and natural event, it underscored the changing attitudes of humans toward whales."

Operation Breakthrough was an international effort to free three gray whales from pack ice in the Beaufort Sea near Point Barrow in the U.S. state of Alaska in 1988. The whales' plight generated media attention that led to the collaboration of multiple governments and organizations to free them. The youngest whale died during the effort and it is unknown if the remaining two whales ultimately survived.

Operation Breakthrough war eine internationale Rettungsaktion zur Befreiung einer im Packeis eingeschlossenen Grauwalfamilie im Jahr 1988. Die drei Wale wurden im Oktober in der Beaufortsee nördlich von Point Barrow, US-Bundesstaat Alaska, dem nördlichsten Ort der Vereinigten Staaten vom frühen Winter überrascht und konnten aus eigener Kraft nicht mehr das offene Meer erreichen. Das führte zu einem weltweiten Medienecho und sorgte dafür, dass mehrere Staaten sowie internationale Hilfsorganisationen sich an den Rettungsbemühungen beteiligten. Der jüngste Wal verstarb während der Rettungsaktion. Die vermutlichen Elterntiere wurden zwar gerettet, aber es ist nicht erwiesen, ob sie letztendlich die Strapazen überlebt haben.


Early life.

John Alfred Page was born in Haverhill, New Hampshire on June 17, 1814. He was the son of John Page and Hannah Merrill. John Page served in the United States Senate and as Governor of New Hampshire.  The younger Page was educated in Haverhill and graduated from Haverhill Academy. He trained to be a merchant, clerking at dry goods stores in Portland, Maine and Haverhill. The Haverhill store in which he worked closed during the Panic of 1837, and Page began a career in banking as Cashier of the Grafton Bank.  In 1848 Page moved to Danville, Vermont to accept the position of Cashier at the Caledonia Bank. A Democrat in politics, he served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1848 to 1849.  Page became associated with Erastus Fairbanks in 1849 as Financial Agent for the Passumpsic and Connecticut Rivers Railroad, and relocated to Newbury.

Later career.

Later in 1849 Page was appointed Cashier of the Vermont Bank and moved to Montpelier, where he lived for the rest of his life. In 1852 he ran for Vermont State Treasurer, and was defeated by George Howes.  From 1853 to 1854 Page served as Vermont State Treasurer, succeeding George Howes. He finished second in the balloting, and was chosen by the Vermont General Assembly after a multi-candidate election in which no candidate received the majority required by the Vermont Constitution. In 1854 he was defeated for another term by Henry M. Bates. He also lost an 1855 rematch to Bates.  The First National Bank of Vermont was organized in 1865, and Page was elected a member of the board of directors and appointed as the bank’s President.  By now a Republican, in 1866 Page was again elected State Treasurer, succeeding John B. Page. He served until 1882, and was succeeded by William H. Dubois.

Death.

Page retired from most of his business interests in 1882, but continued to serve as President of the First National Bank until January, 1891. He died in Montpelier on August 23, 1891. Page was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Montpelier.

Family.

John A. Page was married to Martha Ward of Haverhill. They had one son, John W. Page (1847-1930), who worked with his father in Montpelier and later moved to Nebraska to raise cattle and Louisiana to operate a rice plantation.

John A. Page (June 17, 1814 – August 23, 1891) was a Vermont banker and political figure who served as Vermont State Treasurer.

John A. Page (* 17. Juni 1814 in Haverhill; † 23. August 1891 in Montpelier, Vermont) war ein US-amerikanischer Bankier und Politiker, der von 1853 bis 1854 und von 1866 bis 1882 State Treasurer von Vermont war.


History.

Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull acquired the Thoresby lands in 1633, but was killed in the Civil War in 1643. His son Henry Pierrepont, the 2nd Earl, built the first grand house, attributed to the architect Talman, about 1670. The house was remodelled for William Pierrepont, the 4th Earl, during 1685–87, probably by Benjamin Jackson, after the earl had been granted the right in 1683 to create the park by enclosure from Sherwood Forest. The house was the birthplace of Lady Mary Pierrepont, wife of Edward Wortley Montagu, in 1689.  The estate passed to Evelyn Pierrepont, 2nd Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull (1711–1773), who fought at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 and during whose ownership the house was destroyed by fire that same year. Twenty years later the architect John Carr during 1767–1772 built a new house on the same site. Humphry Repton landscaped the park at the same time.  When the 2nd Duke died in 1773 he left the estate to his wife, Elizabeth Chudleigh, the former wife of the Earl of Bristol. After a very public court case, she was declared married bigamously to the duke and obliged to surrender the property on her death in 1786 to the duke's nephew, Charles Medows, a Royal Navy officer. He adopted the name Pierrepont and later became the 1st Earl Manvers.  In 1868, Sydney Pierrepont, the 3rd Earl Manvers, commissioned the celebrated country house architect Anthony Salvin to demolish the house after just a hundred years and replace it with the present house, erected to the north. Completed in 1871, it measures on its east and south fronts and on its west front. The impressive Great Hall, with minstrels' gallery at the west end, is long and high. The house descended to Gervas Pierrepont, 6th Earl Manvers who died in 1955 without a male heir and the title thereby became extinct. The house remained with his wife, Countess Manvers, and their daughter Lady Rozelle Raynes.  To minimise a perceived threat from coal mining subsidence the buildings were sold to the National Coal Board in 1979 and sold on the open market ten years later. The core of the Thoresby furniture collection was retained by the family who built a new house on the other side of the lake, while the remainder was sold at auction by Sotheby's in 1989. After a number of owners it was acquired by Warner Leisure Hotels. The Salvin house had a new bedroom wing added before opening as a 200-room country house hotel with spa facilities in 2000.  The Queen's Royal Lancers and Nottinghamshire Yeomanry Museum occupies part of the courtyard which is now open to the public as a retail space.

Thoresby Hall is a grade I listed 19th-century country house in Budby, Nottinghamshire, some 2 miles (4 km) north of Ollerton. It is one of four neighbouring country houses and estates in the Dukeries in north Nottinghamshire all occupied by dukes at one time during their history. The hall is constructed of rock-faced ashlar with ashlar dressings. It is built in four storeys with a square floor plan surrounding a central courtyard, nine bays wide and eight bays deep.

Thoresby Hall ist ein Landhaus im Dorf "Budby", etwa 4 km nördlich von "Ollerton" im Norden der englischen Grafschaft Nottinghamshire. Das im 19. Jahrhundert gebaute Haus wurde von English Heritage als historisches Gebäude I. Grades gelistet und ist heute ein Hotel.


Life.

He came to the United States in 1848, and changed his German name Friedrich Kuch to Frederick Cook. He first lived in Buffalo, New York, and worked for his brother-in-law who was a shoemaker. Then he opened his own butcher shop at Batavia, New York. After that he became a brakeman on the Buffalo and Rochester Railroad, and later a conductor on the New York Central Railroad a position he held for twenty years during which he became wealthy. (There is a story about this: Asked by Cornelius Vanderbilt how he could buy vast pieces of real estate and live expensively on $75 a week, Cook is said to have answered "Oh, I makes (sic) my money trading horses with Jockey Mason," which became something of a proverb at the time.)

Political career.

In 1872, he left the railroad, and entered politics. Governor John Thompson Hoffman appointed him Judge Advocate of the 7th Division of the National Guard. In 1874, he ran for Mayor of Rochester, New York but was defeated by George G. Clarkson while otherwise the whole Democratic ticket was elected. In 1875, Governor Samuel J. Tilden appointed him Assistant Adjutant General and Chief of Staff of the 7th Division of the National Guard. He was a delegate to the 1876 Democratic National Convention. He was Secretary of State of New York from 1886 to 1889, elected in 1885 and 1887.

Business.

In 1892, he sued the Silver Lake Ice Company, and tried to establish his claim to be the owner of the Silver Lake in Wyoming County, New York.  He was the President of the Rochester German Insurance Company, the German-American Bank of Rochester, the Rochester Driving Park Association, the Rochester Telephone Company, the Rochester Street Car Company, Vice President of the Bartholomay Brewing Company, and had interests in many other companies.  He was married twice and had one daughter. He died of apoplexy.

Frederick Cook (December 2, 1833 in Bad Wildbad, Kingdom of Württemberg – February 17, 1905 in Rochester, Monroe County, New York) was an American businessman and politician.

Frederick Cook (* 2. Dezember 1833 in Bad Wildbad, Königreich Württemberg; † 17. Februar 1905 in Rochester, New York) war ein US-amerikanischer Geschäftsmann und Politiker (Demokratische Partei). Er war von 1886 bis 1890 Secretary of State von New York.


Early life.

He was Spanish ambassador extraordinary to the courts of Vienna, Dresden and Naples. He was majordomo and equerry to the Infante Don Felipe. He was honored with membership in the orders of the Golden Fleece, 1738, and San Gennaro. On January 31, 1742, King Philip V of Spain personally named Cebrián viceroy of New Spain.

As Viceroy of New Spain.

He arrived in Veracruz on October 5, 1742. He made his solemn entry into the capital on November 3, 1742 and took up his office. He replaced Pedro Malo de Villavicencio, president of the royal Audiencia, who had been filling in since the death of the previous viceroy, Pedro de Castro y Figueroa, Duke of la Conquista.  As viceroy, he repaired the aqueduct from Chapultepec to Salta del Agua and paved many streets in Mexico City. He repaired and widened the Calzada de San Antonio Abad. He also established the "estancos" (government monopolies) in gunpowder, salt mines, ice and "juego de gallos" (cockfighting). He banned cards and dice.  In accordance with instructions from Spain, Cebrián y Agustín gathered ethnological, historical and statistical information about the colony. He directed the geographer José Antonio Villaseñor y Sánchez to prepare an official estimate of the population of New Spain, to be transmitted to the Court. The estimate was completed in April 1744, and the population was found to be 3,865,000. Another result of this information-gathering was Villaseñor's book, "Theatro Americano, descripción general de los reinos y provincias de la Nueva España" (2 vols., 1746–48). The work is a very valuable source for colonial historians.  On June 2, 1743, after an investigation, he imprisoned the Italian knight Lorenzo Boturini Bernaducci (1702–53). Boturini had been soliciting public donations to crown the Virgin of Guadalupe with a gold crown, and also of introducing papal documents without a royal permit. At the time of his arrest, various valuable documents, codices, and writings about antique cultures that Boturini had collected were confiscated, and never returned to him. In 1744 Boturini was sent to Spain, where he established his good intentions and was freed. The king named him historian of the Indies. He even received permission to return to New Spain. In Madrid he wrote a history of ancient Mexico, unpublished at the time of his death in 1753.  On July 1, 1743, the British Admiral George Anson captured the China treasure galleon "Nuestra Señora de Covadonga" off the Philippines, en route from Manila for New Spain. The merchandise and the 1,318,843 pesos of silver ingots it was carrying were taken. Anson sold his prize for £400,000 in China. The viceroy was accused of perfidy in the affair, but of course nothing came of that.  In 1744 there was a riot in Puebla over a minor religious point. The viceroy, in order to dignify his visit to the bishop, had ordered the bells rung. The population interpreted this as a sign of the canonization of a previous bishop, Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, which many people had been campaigning for. When that turned out not to be the case, they rioted. The viceroy ordered the troops of the garrison to suppress the riot, and there were injuries. The viceroy was criticized for this decision.

Escandón expedition.

In the 1740s Spain, because of encroachments of the French from Louisiana and the English along the Gulf coast, decided that they would have to complete the conquest of the Seno Mexicano (the Gulf coast, especially Tamaulipas and Texas). A council of war meeting was held to consider this project from May 8 to 13, 1743. Various officers presented plans, and that of José de Escandón was chosen as the most comprehensive. The viceroy sent this expedition to explore and colonize Nuevo Santander (Tamaulipas), which left Mexico City on March 5, 1744.  He became sick. He asked to be relieved his position and returned to Spain in July 1746. He died in Madrid August 6, 1752.

Pedro Cebrián y Agustín, 5th Count of Fuenclara, Grandee of Spain, (April 30, 1687 in Luceni, Spain – August 22, 1752 in Madrid) was a Spanish diplomat and viceroy of New Spain, from November 3, 1742 to July 8, 1746.

Pedro Cebrián y Agustín, "Graf" (spanisch: conde) "von Fuenclara", spanischer Grande (* 30. April 1687 in Lucena de Jalón bei Saragossa, Spanien; † 6. August 1752 in Madrid, Spanien) war ein spanischer Offizier, Diplomat und Kolonialverwalter, der als Vizekönig von Neuspanien amtierte.


Early life.

His father was of Polish descent. Dreja was born in Surbiton, and raised in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey. His brother Stefan Dreja chanced to meet Top Topham, and introduced Topham to his brother. Topham and Dreja were influenced by folk/blues guitarist Gerry Lochran; he influenced them to switch from acoustic to electric guitars according to Greg Russo in his book "The Yardbirds: The Ultimate Rave-Up". They made their debut with electric guitars at concert with Duster Bennett and a young Jimmy Page.

The Yardbirds.

Dreja and Topham became core members of the Metropolitan (or Metropolis) Blues Quartet. During the space of a year Keith Relf, Jim McCarty, and Paul Samwell-Smith joined the group which became the Yardbirds. The 15-year-old Topham left the group when the band went professional but Dreja continued on to play rhythm guitar with musicians such as Eric Clapton and later Jeff Beck.  Dreja changed from rhythm to bass guitar following the departure of the original bassist, Paul Samwell-Smith. Dreja co-authored many Yardbirds group compositions, especially those on the album "Roger the Engineer".  After the group broke up, Page offered Dreja the position of bassist in a new band he was forming (later to become Led Zeppelin). Dreja declined in order to pursue a profession in photography. He photographed Led Zeppelin for the back cover of their debut album.  Dreja played in the Yardbirds spin-off band Box of Frogs in the 1980s, and had been part of the Yardbirds' reformation from 1992 to 2013. In 2002, The Yardbirds re-emerged and a new album, "Birdland", was released.  Dreja suffered a series of strokes in 2012/2013 and had not performed with The Yardbirds since mid-2012. In July 2013 it was announced that he had officially left the band for medical reasons and was replaced by original lead guitarist Top Topham.

Christopher Walenty Dreja (born 11 November 1945 in Surbiton, Surrey) is an English musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist and bassist for The Yardbirds.

Chris Dreja (* 11. November 1945 in Surbiton, England) ist ein britischer Musiker und Fotograf, der vor allem als Mitglied der englischen Rockband The Yardbirds bekannt wurde, bei der er Rhythmusgitarre und Bass spielte.


History.

Formation of Bildu.

Bildu was formed as a response to the March 2011 ruling by the Supreme Court of Spain that banned a new Basque party called Sortu from being registered. Bildu was a coalition of the social-democratic Eusko Alkartasuna, Alternatiba (a splinter group of Ezker Batua) and independent individuals from the Basque leftist-nationalist environment, originating from the outlawed Batasuna party. Bildu was banned by the Supreme Court as well, due to their alleged ties to Batasuna, the alleged political wing of ETA. The decision to ban Bildu resulted in street protests in Bilbao and other cities. However, on 5 May 2011, exactly the day the election campaign started off, the Constitutional Court of Spain lifted the ban and Bildu was allowed to take part in elections.

2011 regional and local elections.

At the 2011 local elections Bildu received 26% of the vote in the Basque region, coming second only to the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV). The party won seats in most of the councils of the Southern Basque Country, including San Sebastián (where it came up first), Bilbao, Vitoria-Gasteiz and Pamplona.

2011 general election.

For the 2011 general election Eusko Alkartasuna, Alternatiba and their allies formed a new alliance, under the name Amaiur, along with Aralar, previously part of Nafarroa Bai, and other "abertzale" (i.e., Basque nationalist) groups.

2012 Basque Parliament Elections.

In the election for the Basque Parliament that took place on 21 October 2012, EH Bildu the second most seats after the more established EAJ-PNV. The coalition party won 21 out of 75 seats with 25% of the popular vote. No single party won a majority in this election.

2014 European Parliament election.

In the 2014 European Parliament election EH Bildu participated as part of the list The Peoples Decide (LPD), comprising left-wing nationalist and separatist parties from several autonomous regions of Spain. On the first position of that list was EHB member Josu Juaristi who was elected member of the European parliament. He joined the group of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL).

EH Bildu, short for Euskal Herria Bildu () is a leftist, Basque nationalist, pro-independence political coalition active in the Spanish autonomous communities of Basque Country and Navarre.

Euskal Herria Bildu (kurz EH Bildu, deutsch "Baskenland versammelt") ist ein Parteienverband in Spanien, dem die linken baskisch-nationalen Parteien "Eusko Alkartasuna", "Sortu" und "Alternatiba" sowie "Unabhängige" angehören. Bis 2017 gehörte den Parteienverband auch die aufgelöste Partei "Aralar" an.


Background and education.

Beauchamp was the third son of Henry Lygon, 4th Earl Beauchamp, and Lady Susan Caroline, daughter of William Eliot, 2nd Earl of St Germans. He was educated at Eton, was President of the Oxford Union in 1851 and graduated from Christ Church, Oxford in 1856 with an MA degree.

Political career.

Beauchamp was Member of Parliament for Tewkesbury from 1857 to 1863 and for West Worcestershire from 1863 to 1866. In 1859 he was appointed Civil Lord of the Admiralty. On 4 March 1866 he inherited the earldom of Beauchamp on the death of his childless brother. He served under Benjamin Disraeli as Lord Steward of the Household between 1874 and 1880 and under Lord Salisbury as Paymaster-General between 1885 and 1886 and again between 1886 and 1887. In 1874 he was sworn of the Privy Council. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Worcestershire between 1876 and 1891.

Other works.

In addition to his political duties Frederick Lygon also found time to be a great philanthropist. He was one of the founders of Malvern Boys' College and later a chairman of the college council. He was also the driving force behind the building of the Almshouses and St Leonards Church at Newland, consecrated in 1864, conceived by his uncle John Reginald Pindar and his wife Charlotte. Frederick also finished the building of the church at Madresfield consecrated in 1867 which was the gift of Henry 5th Earl Beauchamp who had died before the work was completed.

Family.

Lord Beauchamp married Lady Mary Stanhope (3 February 1844 – 30 June 1876), daughter of Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope and his wife Emily Harriet Kerrison, at St George's Church in Hanover Square, London on 18 February 1868. They had five children:  Lady Beauchamp died in 1876, and on 24 September 1878 Lord Beauchamp married Lady Emily Pierrepont (16 March 1853 – 11 May 1935), daughter of the 3rd Earl Manvers and his wife Georgiana Jane E. F. de Franquetot, at Perlethorpe in Nottinghamshire. They had four children, two sons and two daughters:  Lord Beauchamp died on 19 February 1891, aged 60, at his home, Madresfield Court, from a heart attack he suffered at dinner that night. His eighteen-year-old eldest son William succeeded him in the earldom. He was buried in the churchyard of St Mary the Virgin Madresfield near the south east corner of the church alongside his first wife Mary; his second wife Emily was later interred on his other side. His grave is marked by kerbing which has no inscription; in his will he had expressly forbidden any tribute or monument.

Frederick Lygon, 6th Earl Beauchamp PC DL (10 November 1830 – 19 February 1891), styled The Honourable Frederick Lygon between 1853 and 1866, was a British Conservative politician.

Frederick Lygon, 6. Earl Beauchamp PC (* 10. November 1830; † 19. Februar 1891 in Madresfield Court, Worcestershire) war ein britischer Politiker der Conservative Party, der zwischen 1857 und 1866 Mitglied des House of Commons war sowie 1866 den Titel 6. Earl Beauchamp erbte und dadurch bis zu seinem Tod Mitglied des House of Lords wurde.


Historical development.

At the end of 1970, Prof. Alwin Diemer, Univ.of Düsseldorf proposed to Ingetraut Dahlberg to undertake a philosophical dissertation on "The universal classification system of knowledge, its ontological, epistemological, and information theoretical foundations". Diemer had in mind an innovating ontological approach for such a system based on the whole spectrum of kinds of being and complying with epistemological requirements. The third requirement had already been taken up somehow in the Indian Colon Classification, yet it still called for explanations and additions. In 1974, the dissertation was published in German entitled "Grundlagen universaler Wissensordnung". It started with conceptual clarifications, and why and how the term „universal“ was linked to knowledge, including knowledge fields, such as commodity science, artefacts, statistics, patents, standardization, communication, utility services et al. In chapter 3, six universal classification systems (DDC, UDC, LCC, BC, CC and BBK) were presented, analyzed and compared.  While preparing the dissertation, Dahlberg started with elaborating the new universal system by first gleaning a lot of extant designations of knowledge fields from whatever available reference works. This was funded by the German Documentation Society (DGD) (1971-2) under the title of "Order system of knowledge fields". In addition, the syllabuses of German universities and polytechniques were explored for relevant terms and documented (1975). Thereafter, it seemed necessary to add definitions from special dictionaries and encyclopediae; it soon appeared that the 12.500 terms included numerous synonyms, so that the whole collection boiled down to about 6.500 concept designations (Project Logstruktur, supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG) 1976-78).  The outcome of this work was the formulation of 30 theses which ended up in 12 principles for the new system, published 40 years later under. These principles refer not only to theoretical foundations but also to structure and other organizational aspects of the whole array of knowledge fields. In 1974, the digital position scheme for field subdivision had already been developed to allow for classifying classification literature in the bibliographical section of the first issue of the Journal International Classification. In 1977, the entire ICC was ready for presentation at a seminar in Bangalore, India. A publication of the first three hierarchical levels appeared however only in 1982. It was applied to the bibliography of classification systems and thesauri in vol.1 of the International Classification and Indexing Bibliography; it has been updated.

Governing principles.

These were published in full length in the book "Wissensorganisation. Entwicklung, Aufgabe, Anwendung, Zukunft" and the article "Information Coding Classification. Geschichtliches, Prinzipien, Inhaltliches", hence it suffices to just mention their topics with some necessary additions.  An example of its application is the structure of the classification system for knowledge organization literature Gliederung der Klassifikationsliteratur. (A simplified version with an additional introduction is given in, p. 71)

In matrix form.

The first two levels of ICC can be represented by following matrix.  The first hierarchical level of the 9 subject categories results from the first vertical array under codes 1-9. The second hierarchical level of subject categories is structured by the 9 functionally ordered form categories, listed in the first horizontal line under codes 01-09. Some exceptions are mentioned in principle 7.

Research.

Exploration of automatic classification.

For classifying web documents as conceived by Jens Hartmann, University of Karlsruhe, Prof.Walter Koch, University of Graz, has explored in his Institute for Applied Information Technology Research Society (AIT) the application of ICC to automatically classifying metadata of some 350.000 documents. This was facilitated by data generated within the framework of an EU-supported project "EuropeanaLocal". For this exploration, three ICC hierarchical levels have been used for some 5000 terms. The result is described in the report of Christoph Mak. Prof.Koch regarded a classification degree of almost 50% as a good result, considering that only a shortened version of ICC had been used. In order to reach a better result one would have needed 1–2 years. Also an index of all terms with their codes could be achieved under these explorations.

Data Linkage.

Motivated by the work of an Italian research Group in Trento on "Revising the Wordnet Domains Hierarchy: semantics, coverage and balancing", by which the DDC codes were used, Prof. Ernesto DeLuca et al. showed in a study that for such case the use of ICC could lead to essentially better results. This was shown in two contributions: "Including knowledge domains from the ICC into the Multilingual Lexical Linked Data Cloud (LLD)" and "Die Multilingual Lexical Linked Data Cloud: Eine mögliche Zugangsoptimierung?", in which the LLD was used in a meta-model which contains all resources with the possibility of retrieval and navigation of data from different aspects. By this, the existing work about many thousand knowledge fields (of ICC) can be combined with the Multilingual Lexical Linked Data Cloud, based on RDF/OWL representation of EuroWordNet and similar integrated lexical resources (MultiWordNet, MEMODATA and the Hamburg Metapher BD).

Semantic Web structuring.

In October 2013, the computer scientist Hermann Bense, Dortmund, explored the possibilities for structuring the Semanic Web with ICC codes. He developed two approaches for a pictorial presentation of knowledge fields with their possible subdivisions. A graphic representation of those knowledge fields pertaining to the first two levels can be found under Ontology4. The inclusion of the third hierarchical level has been envisaged as the next step.

The Information Coding Classification (ICC) is a classification system covering almost all extant 6500 knowledge fields (knowledge domains). Its conceptualization goes beyond the scope of the well known library classification systems, such as Dewey Decimal Classification (DCC), Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), and Library of Congress Classification (LCC), by extending also to knowledge systems that so far have not afforded to classify literature. ICC actually presents a flexible universal ordering system for both literature and other kinds of information, set out as knowledge fields. From a methodological point of view, ICC differs from the above-mentioned systems along the following three lines: Respective knowledge fields permit to step down by the same principle to a third and forth level, and even further to a fifth and sixth level. Finally, knowledge field subdivisions will have to conform to said digital position scheme. Hence, for a given knowledge field identical codes will mark identical categories under respective numbers of the coding system. This mnemotechnical aspect of the system helps memorizing and straightaway retrieving the whereabouts of respective interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary fields.

Die Information Coding Classification (ICC) ist ein Klassifikationssystem von fast allen bekannten ca. 6500 Wissensgebieten. Es enthält auch solche Wissensgebiete, die literarisch im Allgemeinen nicht erfasst werden. Damit geht es über den Rahmen der bekannten Bibliotheksklassifikationssysteme wie der Regensburger Verbundklassifikation, der Dewey Decimal Classification, der Universal Decimal Classification und der Library of Congress Classification hinaus. Daher kann es als universales System zur Klassierung von Literatur oder anderen Informationen nach Wissensgebieten dienen.


History.

The party founding was preceded by months of power struggle between Bernd Lucke and Frauke Petry for AfD party leadership, the latter being leader of the party's national-conservative wing. In the course of the dispute Lucke and leading AfD members with liberal-conservative and economic liberal orientations founded the association "Weckruf 2015" (wake-up call 2015) out of concern for a perceived right-wing populist tendency in the AfD.  At an extraordinary party convention in Essen on 4 July 2015, Lucke was defeated in the election for chairman by his opponent Petry, who received 60% of the vote. The following week, 5 AfD MEPs exited the party on 7 July 2015, and Lucke announced his resignation from the party on 8 July, leading to the formation of the ALFA party. ALFA was formally founded on 19 July 2015 at a closed inaugural meeting of 70 people in Kassel, Hesse where statutes and a party platform were approved and Bernd Lucke MEP was elected chairman. Also selected as its foundation were its deputy chairmen was Bernd Kölmel MEP, Gunther Nickel and Reiner Rohlje, and the general secretary Ulrike Trebesius MEP.  It has been estimated that 20% percent of the then AfD membership moved to ALFA with Lucke.  On 18 March 2016, ALFA was admitted into the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists.  The party met on 4 June 2016 for its second convention, at which Ulrike Trebesius, member of the European Parliament, was elected party chairwoman. On her side her fellow MEP Bernd Kölmel, Ulrich van Suntum, professor of economics at Münster University and chairman of the party at state level in Northrhine-Westphalia, and Christian Schäfer, chair of the ALFA caucus in the state parliament of Bremen, were elected vice chairmen. Bernd Lucke was instead elected almost unanimously the party's number one candidate for the next general election in Germany, that will be held in 2017. Later that year Trebesius resigned from office. Thus Christian Kott from Bremen was elected chairman on 12 November 2016, in Frankfurt. On the same convention party delegates also changed the party's name to Liberal-Conservative Reformers. Since then the party name is often abbreviated LKR.  On 17 September 2017, a new party executive committee was elected, with Bernd Kölmel as party chairman. Other members of the executive committee include Bernd Lucke, Ulrike Trebesius and Hans-Olaf Henkel.  In September 2018, Joachim Starbatty was the first member to leave the party.

Former party acronym ALFA.

The association "Action right to live for all" ("Aktion Lebensrecht für Alle"), shortened Alfa in German, took legal action against the party because of the usage of the same acronym. The pro-life movement won at the Augsburg regional court. If the party was to disobey, it would be subject to a fine of 250,000 euros. Consequently, the party changed its name to "Liberal-Konservative Reformer" (Liberal-Conservative Reformers).  Separately, the German subsidiary of Alfa Romeo, the Italian car manufacturer, was reported as considering taking legal action against the party over the use of the acronym ALFA.

Party platform.

The party criticises the low-, zero- and negative-interest policies of the European Central Bank. It also emphasises Western alignment with NATO and the EU as the foundation of a transatlantic security structure. LKR favors free trade in general and under certain conditions the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). It supports immigration of suitably qualified candidates on the Canadian Model. The party rejects a minimum wage, but prefers a so-called activating minimum income for every citizen. The party describes itself as morally conservative, economically liberal and as an advocate of technological progress. The party fully rejects extremism of every kind.  Hans-Olaf Henkel has stated that since the party split from the AfD in July 2015 that the media no longer take notice of the party, stating it will be a "challenge" for the five LKR MEPs to be re-elected in 2019. Henkel, who will be 79 in 2019, does not plan to stand for election again.

Party structure.

The party has a branch organisation in each of the sixteen German states. In many states there are also regional organisations. Additionally there is a Youth Organisation, "Junge Reformer" (Young Reformers), shortened "jure". Jure's chairman was also elected vice chairman of the European Young Conservatives. There are also a club of women within the party and an official group for small and medium-sized firm owners.

The Liberal Conservative Reformers (, LKR) is a centre-right political party in Germany which was known from July 2015 to November 2016 as ALFA.

LKR, Zusatzbezeichnung "Bernd Lucke und die Liberal-Konservativen Reformer", von November 2016 bis November 2018 Liberal-Konservative Reformer (Kurzbezeichnung "LKR"), davor Allianz für Fortschritt und Aufbruch (Kurzbezeichnung "ALFA"), ist eine deutsche Kleinpartei, die 2015 vom ehemaligen AfD-Bundessprecher Bernd Lucke initiiert wurde.


Plot.

Paul Beaumont (Lon Chaney) is a scientist who labored for years alone to prove his radical theories on the origin of mankind. Baron Regnard (Marc McDermott) becomes his patron, enabling him to do research while living in his mansion. One day, Beaumont announces to his beloved wife Marie and the Baron that he has proved all his theories and is ready to present them before the Academy of the Sciences. He leaves the arrangements to the Baron. However, after Beaumont goes to sleep, Marie steals his key, opens the safe containing his papers, and gives them to the Baron.  On the appointed day, Paul travels to the Academy with the Baron. He is aghast when the Baron, instead of introducing him, takes credit for Paul's work himself. After he recovers from the shock, Paul confronts him in front of everyone, but the Baron tells them that Paul is merely his assistant and slaps him. All of the academicians laugh at his humiliation. Paul later seeks comfort from his wife, but she brazenly admits she and the Baron are having an affair and calls him a clown. Paul leaves them.  Five years pass by. Paul is now a clown calling himself "HE who gets slapped", the star attraction of a small circus near Paris. His act consists of his getting slapped every evening by other clowns, and includes Paul pretending to present in front of the Academy of the Sciences.  Another of the performers is Bezano (John Gilbert), a daredevil horseback rider. Consuelo (Norma Shearer), the daughter of the impoverished Count Mancini, applies to join his act. Bezano falls in love with Consuelo, as does Paul. Consuelo's father, however, is planning to restore the family's fortunes by marrying her to the wealthy Baron Regnard.  One night, during HE's performance, he spots the Baron in the audience and becomes enraged. The Baron then goes backstage and begins flirting with Consuelo, which she does not like. The next day, the Baron sends Consuelo jewelry, but she rejects it.  When her father leaves for a meeting with the Baron, Bezano takes Consuelo out to the countryside for a romantic meeting, where they declare their love for each other. Meanwhile, Count Mancini convinces the reluctant Baron that the only way he can have Consuelo is by marrying her. The Baron agrees, and discards the heartbroken Marie, leaving her with a check.  Later, HE admits to Consuelo he, too, is in love with her. She thinks he is kidding and laughingly slaps him. They are interrupted by the Baron and the Count, who inform Consuelo she will marry the Baron after the evening performance. When HE tries to interfere, he is locked in an adjoining room, where an angry lion is kept in a cage. He moves the cage so that, when he carefully opens it, only the door to the next room prevents the lion from escaping. HE re-enters the other room through the only other entrance (making sure to lock it behind him) and reveals his identity to the Baron. HE threatens the Baron, but the Count stabs him with a sword.  The Baron and the Count try to leave but, finding the main entrance locked, open the side door, releasing the lion. The animal kills the Count, then the Baron. However, the lion tamer shows up and saves HE from the same fate. HE goes on stage and collapses. He assures Consuelo he is happy and that she will be happy, before dying in her arms.

Alternate soundtrack.

The film was given a newly composed score by Will Gregory from the band Goldfrapp for use at live concert screenings of the film, initially in the Colston Hall in Bristol, UK on 1 December 2007. The score was later broadcast on BBC Radio 3 in February 2008 with linking narration by actor Samuel West to relay to listeners the plot of the film. The Alloy Orchestra has also composed a score for the film.

Release.

Box office.

The film made a profit of $349,000.

Home media.

"He Who Gets Slapped" was released on DVD by Warner Brothers Digital Distribution on November 30, 1999. Warner has re-released the film several times as a part of its 6-disk Warner Archive Collection, first on November 22, 2011 and later on June 23, 2015.

Critical reception.

"He Who Gets Slapped" received mostly positive reviews from critics upon its release, with many praising the film and Chaney's performance. In his 1924 review of the film for "New York Times", Mordaunt Hall praised the film's direction, performances, and story, calling it' "the finest production we have yet seen". Author and film critic Leonard Maltin gave the film three out of a possible four stars, calling it "a Pagliacci–type vehicle for Chaney." Christopher Meeks from "Variety" gave the film a positive review, commending the film's inventive staging, lighting and sound design, and performances, but felt that the ending was predictable and drawn out. Hans J. Wollstein from Allmovie gave the film a positive review, praising Chaney's and McDermott's performances.

He Who Gets Slapped is a 1924 American silent psychological thriller film starring Lon Chaney, Norma Shearer, and John Gilbert, and directed by Victor Sjöström. The film is based on the Russian play "Тот, кто получает пощёчины" ("He Who Gets Slapped", transliterated as "Tot, kto polučájet poščóčiny") by playwright Leonid Andreyev, which was published in 1914 and in English, as "He Who Gets Slapped", in 1922. The Russian original was made into a Russian movie in 1916.

Der Mann, der die Ohrfeigen bekam (Originaltitel: "He Who Gets Slapped") ist ein US-amerikanisches Stummfilm-Drama des schwedischen Regisseurs Victor Sjöström aus dem Jahre 1924. Die Hauptrollen spielen Lon Chaney Sr., Norma Shearer und John Gilbert. Als Vorlage diente Leonid Nikolajewitsch Andrejews russisches Theaterstück "Tot, kto poluchayet poshchechini" von 1914, das Anfang der 1920er-Jahre auch im englischsprachigen Raum aufgeführt wurde. "He Who Gets Slapped" war der erste Film, der komplett bei der neugegründeten Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer entstand. 2017 wurde er in das National Film Registry aufgenommen.


Career.

Lesher was born on May 12, 1966 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Harvard University in 1988 before launching his career as an agent at the Bauer-Benedek Agency. From there, Lesher moved to the United Talent Agency (UTA), where he became a partner. After 15 years at UTA Lesher left UTA for Endeavor, where his clients included Martin Scorsese, Paul Thomas Anderson, Alejandro Iñárritu, and Judd Apatow. In 2005, he was made head of Paramount Vantage, a new brand derived from Paramount Classics that produced and distributed arthouse-oriented titles. The company produced such Oscar-winning pictures as Inarritu's "Babel" (2006), the Coen Brothers' "No Country for Old Men" (2007), and Paul Thomas Anderson's "There Will Be Blood" (2007). The success of these films led to Lesher's appointment in 2008 as President of Paramount Pictures, where he oversaw a several major features, including J.J. Abrams' reboot of the "Star Trek" (2008) franchise and David Fincher's "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" (2008). "Star Trek" was his only blockbuster. Other titles released by Paramount during his tenure, like "Iron Man" (2008), were distribution titles made at other companies, while other projects, like the Mike Myers comedy "Love Guru" (2008) and "Imagine That" (2009) were failures. Lesher was dismissed as Paramount president in the summer of 2009. He formed his own production company, Le Grisbi, which released several box office hits between 2012 and 2014. Among their most popular efforts was "Birdman", which earned Lesher an Oscar for Best Picture in 2015.

John Lesher (born May 12, 1966) is an American film producer, best known for winning the Academy Award for Best Picture for the 2014 film "Birdman".

John Lesher (* 12. Mai 1966 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) ist ein US-amerikanischer Filmproduzent. Bekannt wurde er durch den Film "Birdman oder (Die unverhoffte Macht der Ahnungslosigkeit)", für den er 2015 mit einem Oscar in der Kategorie "Bester Film" ausgezeichnet wurde.


Synopsis.

The film narrative is focused on the life of singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse, who was found dead on 23 July 2011 from alcohol poisoning, at the age of 27 at her home in Camden, North London.  The film starts with a 1998 home movie depicting a 14-year-old Winehouse singing along with her long-time friend, Juliette Ashby, at the birthday party of their mutual friend, Lauren Gilbert, at a home in Southgate, London. The rest of the documentary shows the songwriter's life, in a chronological order from her early childhood, to her music career, which attained commercial success through her debut album, "Frank" (2003), and second, final album "Back to Black" (2006), to her troubled relationships, self-harm, bulimia, the controversial media attention, and her downfall with her drug and alcohol addiction, all until her death in 2011. Winehouse is featured throughout the film talking about her early influences and how she felt about fame, love, depression, family and her music career. Kapadia conducted more than 100 interviews with Winehouse's friends and family that combine to provide a narrative around the star's life and is billed as "the singer in her own words." The film shows extensive unseen footage and unheard tracks Winehouse had recorded in the years before she died. Unheard tracks featured in the film are either rare live sessions, such as "Stronger Than Me", "In My Bed", "What Is It About Men?" and Donny Hathaway's "We're Still Friends", a cover of Johnny Mercer's "Moon River" from when Winehouse attended the National Youth Jazz Orchestra at the age of 16 in 2000 or never-before heard songs the star wrote, such as "Detachment" and "You Always Hurt The Ones You Love".  There are various pieces of extensive, unseen archive footage of Winehouse, such as when she is video-recorded in a cab with friend Tyler James in January 2001 and driving to tours and on her long-term friend, Lauren Gilbert's holiday tape in Majorca, Spain in August 2005. The film also shows various interviews, such as with Jonathan Ross, Tim Kash, and a funny video of when Winehouse is interviewed and talked to about singer Dido in 2004, when she promoted her debut album. The documentary also includes when Winehouse performed live from London on the Grammy Awards in 2008, and won the award for "Record of the Year".  The film also features footage from when she was filmed with her ex-husband Blake Fielder-Civil, various performances, and when she auditioned at Island Records in February 2003, singing "I Heard Love Is Blind". Also included is footage from when she was recording her second album in March 2006 and a duet single, "Body and Soul", with Tony Bennett in March 2011 as her last recording before her death. Some outtakes are also featured of her last shambolic performance in Belgrade, Serbia, a month before she died. The film concludes with long-term friend Juliette Ashby talking about her last phone call with Winehouse, footage of Winehouse's body being taken out of her home after her death, and Bennett stating: "Life teaches you really how to live it, if you live long enough." It then shows scenes from three days later of footage from Winehouse's funeral at Edgwarebury Cemetery and Golders Green Crematorium in North London. Closing clips end the film with videos of Winehouse from her early years until her death, with Antonio Pinto's composition, "Amy Forever".

Contributors.

The following heavily contributed to the documentary through recorded interviews and archive footage:

Production.

In 2012, Universal Music first approached film producer James Gay-Rees if the team behind the documentary film about Ayrton Senna would be interested in creating a project on Amy Winehouse.  On 25 April 2013, it was announced that the team behind the documentary film "Senna" (2010), including director Asif Kapadia and Universal Music, were making a film about the late singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse. It was revealed that the film would be very similar to "Senna", and that unseen footage of Winehouse would be shown. Kapadia and Gay-Rees stated: "Everyone fell under her spell. But tragically, Amy seemed to fall apart under the relentless media attention, her troubled relationships, her global success and precarious lifestyle." They introduced the project at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, and it was said the documentary film would be released in 2015.

Music.

The documentary features various unheard tracks Winehouse had completed from when her career began in 2003 until her death. The film includes live sessions, such as: "There Is No Greater Love", "Stronger Than Me", "In My Bed", "Rehab" and "What Is It About Men", covers of Johnny Mercer's "Moon River" from when Winehouse was 16 at the National Youth Jazz Orchestra in 2000 and Donny Hathaway's "We're Still Friends" and never-before heard songs the star wrote, such as "Detachment" and the lyrics to "You Always Hurt The Ones You Love", combined with Pinto's composition "Amy Lives". Winehouse is recorded in March 2006 when she is recording her 2007 single "Back to Black" and there are also cuts and edits of her well-known tracks, which helps unveil every piece of footage in the film.

Soundtrack.

On 8 October 2015, Island Records announced that the soundtrack for the film would be released on 30 October 2015. The soundtrack includes various tracks that were included in the documentary; including classic tracks from Winehouse and compositions that were featured in the film by composer Antonio Pinto. The soundtrack was later released for the second time on vinyl in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 1 April 2016.  The twenty-three track album includes well-known tracks by Winehouse, such as "Stronger Than Me", "Tears Dry on Their Own", and "Back to Black", live sessions of "What Is It About Men", "Rehab", "We're Still Friends", and "Love Is a Losing Game", demo tracks; "Some Unholy War" and "Like Smoke"; a cover of The Zutons' "Valerie" performed by Winehouse and Mark Ronson and a 2011 version of "Body and Soul" performed by Winehouse and Tony Bennett. The soundtrack is also the second posthumous compilation album of Winehouse's music.  The commercial success and music behind the film earned Winehouse her second posthumous nomination at the 2016 BRIT Awards for "British Female Solo Artist", won by singer Adele and Winehouse posthumously won a Grammy Award for "Best Music Film" at the 2016 Grammy Awards. This was the ninth indication of Amy's career to this award and the third posthumous.

Release.

"Amy" was released on 3 July 2015 in the United Kingdom, New York, and Los Angeles and worldwide on 10 July.  The film had its world premiere at the midnight screenings section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival on 16 May 2015. Musicians such as HAIM, Leona Lewis, and Emeli Sandé were in attendance and gathered for the event, as well as the film crew. The film received its UK premiere at the Edinburgh International Film Festival in June 2015.  The film received a special screening in cinemas around the United Kingdom on 30 June, which was broadcast live from the London GALA Premiere at the Picturehouse. The screening provided questions from the public on Facebook, Twitter and from the audience. The film director Asif Kapadia, producer James Gay-Rees, and friend Nick Shymansky answered them and concluded with a tribute to Winehouse with her 2007 music video "Love Is a Losing Game".

Marketing.

On 8 February 2015, a teaser trailer of "Amy" debuted at the pre-Grammy event in the build-up to the 2015 Grammy Awards. A teaser theatrical poster for the documentary film was released on 18 March 2015 on Twitter, and the first trailer was released on 2 April 2015, with receiving more than two million views Altitude Film's channel on YouTube. Footage from the teaser trailer shows Winehouse as a young woman at the beginning of her music career answering questions about how she sees herself as an artist and how she felt about fame.  Various official teaser clips from the film were released on YouTube to the buildup and throughout the documentary's release in July by Altitude Film and A24, including clips of Winehouse talking about how she felt about depression, how she thinks she would have handled fame from her early years, when she was recording her album "Back to Black" with her record producer Mark Ronson in March 2006 and when she was videotaped singing the "Happy Birthday" song at the fourteenth birthday party of her friend, Lauren Gilbert, in 1998 which received over one million views after 48 hours. In May 2015, the first teaser clip from the film was released. The short clip features a candid moment of Winehouse messing around with the camera and singing, while Nick Shymanksy, a member of her management team, recalls the beginning of her songwriting process; the video concludes with an unheard track Winehouse had recorded, "Detachment", which was arranged to be on her album "Back To Black" (2006).  On 18 May 2015, the official theatrical poster was released on the film's Twitter page. On 20 May 2015, the first official full-length trailer was released by Altitude Film. The trailer features the song "Back To Black", which was released in 2007. The video shows footage of Winehouse from her childhood to her early interviews, the rigorous media attention from the paparazzi, performances, various award winnings, her troubled relationship with her husband Blake Fielder-Civil and her statement of how she felt about him: "I fell in love with someone I would die for". The trailer also contains voices from people Winehouse knew and how they felt about her, such as Tony Bennett and Mos Def. The video concludes with "Love Is a Losing Game" with footage of Winehouse, various five star reviews, and Winehouse saying: "I don't think I'm going to be at all famous", and, "I'm not a girl trying to be a star... I'm just a girl that sings". The trailer received more than one million views after 24 hours on A24's channel on YouTube. After the film's release, a second official trailer was released that captures the controversial fame of Winehouse's celebrity lifestyle and how she struggled with it throughout her career. On 16 September 2015, another unseen clip was released of Winehouse videoed messing around with friend Nicky Shymansky in New York City in 2004, after the release of "Frank" (2003).

Home media.

On 16 September 2015, it was announced by Universal Music that "Amy" would be released on DVD/Blu-ray and digital download on 2 November 2015 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was released in the United States on 1 December 2015. The two-disc package includes the film feature along with special features; such as a selection of previously unseen footage of Winehouse, as well as rare performances at Metropolis Studios, the film trailers and the making of the documentary. In November 2015, a special box set limited edition of "Amy" was released only in France, that provides the film feature, as well as a special booklet, the film poster, a selection of Amy Winehouse photographs and a T-shirt themed on the film.

Reception.

Box office.

"Amy" has broken the UK box office record for the highest opening weekend of a British documentary film, grossing at £519,000 from 133 cinemas three days after its release on 3 July. It also enjoyed success in the US, earning £142,000 from just six cinemas before it expanded in the following weeks. The film scored a $37,002 site average in the US in three days. The film opened with $222,015 across six sites, with a location average of $37,002 – $10,000 more than "Fahrenheit 9/11" (2004) managed on its first weekend and even beating "March of the Penguins" (2005) s $44,373 and the film has increased its box office peak after its initial release nationally on 10 July.

Critical response.

"Amy" received critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 95% rating based on 213 reviews, with an average rating of 8.36/10. The site's consensus reads, "As riveting as it is sad, "Amy" is a powerfully honest look at the twisted relationship between art and celebrity—and the lethal spiral of addiction." Metacritic reports an 85 out of 100 rating based on 41 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".  Robbie Collin from "The Telegraph" rated the film as four out of five stars and praised the fact that "Amy Winehouse's glorious rise and heartbreaking fall is movingly documented by the director of "Senna". Guy Lodge from "Variety" stated that: "The rise and devastating fall of the gifted British soul singer is chronicled in this deeply felt doc from 'Senna' director Asif Kapadia." "Heat" and "Stylist" both also rated the film five out of five, describing the film as "brilliant" and "unmissable". Peter Bradshaw from "The Guardian" gave the film five out of five, describing it as "a tragic masterpiece", and saying, "This documentary about the late British soul singer is an overwhelmingly sad, intimate—and dismaying—study of a woman whose talent and charisma helped turn her into a target". Geoffrey Macnab from "The Independent" also rated the documentary five out of five, reviewed it as "brilliant" and "unutterably sad", and stated: "There were many, many contributory factors to Amy Winehouse going off the rails, which are explored in the effect of "Amy"". According to "The Guardian", "Amy" has been placed at no. 3 out of "The 50 Best Films of 2015 in Australia" at the end of the year and has been placed at no. 6 out of "The 50 Best 2015 Films in the UK".

Family's response.

The film has been heavily criticised by Winehouse's father, Mitch Winehouse. He has distanced himself from the documentary, stating the film is "misleading" and "contains some basic untruths", according to his spokesman. On 7 May 2015, Winehouse's father Mitch appeared on "This Morning" and described the film as "preposterous". He further stated:  "The film is representing me in a not very good way. There is no balance, there's nothing about the foundation. It's portraying me and Amy in not a very good light."  However, he also said that the film contains "superb" and "beautiful" footage of Winehouse. He then added: "Half of me wants to say don't go see it. But then the other part of me is saying maybe go see the videos, put your headphones in and listen to Amy's music while they're watching the videos. It's the narrative that's the problem."  Universal Music instigated the documentary but they only secured the cooperation of the singer's parents, Mitch and Janis Winehouse, when they signed up Kapadia as the director for the film. Winehouse's father, who was a fan of the director's previous documentary film "Senna" (2010), wanted the same treatment to be given to his late daughter's documentary. However, upon watching the completed film about Winehouse, Mitch was unhappy with how the film portrayed him. Feeling he had been portrayed as the villain, Mitch threatened legal action until limited changes were made to the film. However, he has still publicly condemned the final cut of the film, claiming that Kapadia had an agenda to make him the anti-hero from the start.  Mitch requested that he wants the film to be further edited, but the film crew have declined his wish, adding: "When we were approached to make the film, we came on board with the full backing of the Winehouse family, and we approached the project with total objectivity." They said the film reflects findings from around "100 interviews with people that knew Amy". On 3 July 2015 (the day "Amy" was initially released), the singer's father, Mitch appeared on "Loose Women" to defend his place against the film and announced that himself and Winehouse's former boyfriend, Reg Traviss are making an alternative film, entitled "A Letter To Amy", so it's a "more accurate" project, to "correct all the wrongs and omissions" that were in Kapadia's film. On 24 February 2016, Winehouse's father, Mitch reappeared on "This Morning" once again and stated that he would prefer Adele to win the award that his late daughter was posthumously nominated for at the 2016 BRIT Awards. This was because the nomination for "British Female Solo Artist" was as a result of the film's success, which he seemed to be unhappy about.

Amy is a 2015 British documentary film about the life and death of British singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse. The film was directed by Asif Kapadia and produced by James Gay-Rees, George Pank, and Paul Bell and co-produced by Krishwerkz Entertainment, On The Corner Films, Playmaker Films, and Universal Music, in association with Film4. The film covers Winehouse's life and her struggle with substance abuse, both before and after her career blossomed, and which eventually caused her death.

Amy (Originaltitel: "Amy – The Girl Behind the Name") ist ein britischer Dokumentar-Kinofilm aus dem Jahr 2015, der sich um das Leben der Amy Winehouse dreht. Als Regisseur war Asif Kapadia tätig. In Deutschland wurde der Film vom Filmverleih Prokino vertrieben. Produziert wurde der Film von Universal Music, Playmaker Film und Krishwerkz Entertainment. Ab dem 16. Juli 2015 war der Film in den deutschen Kinos zu sehen. In Großbritannien erschien der Film am 3. Juli 2015, in Cannes am 16. Mai 2015. Die Filmpremiere in Großbritannien war auf dem Edinburgh International Film Festival.