Career.

Kalpana began her career as a child artist in the film "Vidarunna Mottukal". After making her debut as a mainstream actor in the 1980 film "Pokkuveyil", directed by G. Aravindan, she went on to star in several critically acclaimed films and her portrayals as a comedian were appreciated by critics. Her Tamil debut was through the 1985 released successful film "Chinna Veedu", opposite K. Bhagyaraj. Her other memorable films include "Sathi Leelavathi" (1995) and "Kaliveedu" (1996). She performed in a music album with Usha Uthup. She has published her memoirs, "Njan Kalpana". Kalpana has sung a song in the movie "Kudumbakodathi", along with K.S. Chithra, in which she appeared as a Telugu speaking character. She had an inevitable presence in stage shows. She was the chairperson of "Janaseva Shishu Bhavan" and assistant chairperson of "Street Birds" and a strong promoter of "Kudumbasree".She was the brand ambassador of "Leo Natura".

Personal life.

Kalpana was born to theater artists Chavara V.P. Nair and Vijayalakshmi. Actresses Kalaranjini and Urvashi are her sisters. She married Malayalam film director Anil Kumar in 1998 and got divorced in 2012. They have one daughter, Sreemayi Anil.

Death.

Kalpana went to Hyderabad for the shooting of the movie "Oopiri". On 25 January 2016, she was found unconscious in her hotel room by a roomboy who knocked the door around several times, but it didn't open. He forcefully opened the door and found her unconscious. She was immediately taken to the hospital by the crew members, but died on the way. Doctors confirmed that she died of heart attack. Postmortem was conducted and her body was flown to her native place on 26 January 2016. The funeral took place on the same day.

Television.

Kalpana hosted several talk shows and interviews on Malayalam TV Channels. She frequently appeared as Judge in Asianet's Comedy Reality show "Vodafone Comedy Stars". Kalpana's last talk show was also on Asianet. It was telecasted a few days before her demise. She has appeared in many advertisements also including "Mega Water Tank", "Nana", "Raidco Family Products", "Karunya Lottery Ticket", "Kerala Samsthana Saksharatha Mission" etc.

Kalpana Priyadarshini (13 October 1965 – 25 January 2016), better known mononymously as Kalpana, was an Indian film actress who has appeared in South Indian films, predominantly in Malayalam and Tamil films. Kalpana has acted in over 300 films in various South Indian languages.

Kalpana (, vollständiger Name "Kalpana Ranjani"; * 5. Oktober 1965 in Chavara, Kerala; † 25. Januar 2016 in Hyderabad, Telangana) war eine indische Schauspielerin des Malayalam-Films. Sie spielte auch in einigen Filmen anderer südindischer Filmindustrien, insbesondere des tamilischen Films.


History.

The name "Day's Lock" comes from the Day family, local Catholic yeomen since the 17th century. During the 16th century, there was a flash lock here. The pound lock was staked out in August 1788. It was judged best to build it on the Oxfordshire bank provided the existing weir owner would "remove his bucks"(eel traps). In 1865 it was reported to be in utter ruin and dangerous, but reconstruction did not take place until 1871. In 1882 a bell push to summon the keeper was installed, there being no lock keeper's house at that time. The lock house was not built until 1928 when it was erected on Lock House Island next to Little Wittenham Bridge.

Access to the lock.

A short way downstream of the lock is Little Wittenham Bridge which spans the river in two sections with an island between. Using this, the lock is a short walk from Little Wittenham where is a car park near St Peter's Church. The lock is a little further to walk to from Dorchester.

Reach above the lock.

On the eastern bank to the north-east is the historic town of Dorchester with its ancient Abbey. The river follows a long bend round to Clifton Hampden. Here it goes under Clifton Hampden Bridge and past the historic Barley Mow public house, as mentioned in the book, "Three Men in a Boat". After the bridge and before Clifton lock, the river divides between the old river course, past Long Wittenham; with the navigation following the Clifton Cut. The river meander is now a weirstream and has almost no public footpath access.  The Thames Path follows the western/southern bank to Clifton Hampden Bridge, where it crosses to the opposite northern bank to continue to Clifton Lock.  There are navigation transit markers upstream of the lock to allow boats to check their speed. A powered boat should take more than one minute to pass between the markers.

Day's Lock is a lock on the River Thames near Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England on the Dorchester side of the river.

Das Day’s Lock ist eine Schleuse in der Themse nahe Dorchester-on-Thames und Little Wittenham, Oxfordshire, England. Die Schleuse wurde 1789 von der Thames Navigation Commission gebaut. Die Baukosten betrugen 1078 £. Sie liegt gegenüber dem Ort Little Wittenham und ist vom "Round Hill" der Wittenham Clumps gut zu sehen. Die Schleuse ist zu Fuß von Little Wittenham oder Dorchester erreichbar.


Series overview.

Following open auditions held between October to December 2015, including an additional one on 10 January 2016, the Judges' auditions took place between January and February 2016, within Liverpool, Birmingham, and London. There were no major incidents amongst the judging panel that forced them to be absent, although Simon Cowell arrived late for the London auditions on 23 January - David Walliams's mother, Kathleen Williams, who was attending these, stood in for him for a number of auditions until he arrived.  Of the participants that took part, only forty-five made it into the five live semi-finals - of these acts, singer Beau Dermott, gospel choir 100 Voices of Gospel, singer Jasmine Elcock, singing duo Anne & Ian Marshall, and dance troupe Boogie Storm, each received a golden buzzer during their auditions - with nine appearing in each one, and twelve of these acts making it into the live final; the Judges' Wildcard was dancing duo Shannon & Peter, who lost the Judges' vote in the second semi-final, while the Public Wildcard was dog act Trip Hazard, who lost the Judges' vote in the final semi-final.  The following below lists the results of each participant's overall performance in this series:

Semi-finals summary.

Semi-final 1 (22 May).

Guest Performers, Results Show: Cast of "" ("I Want You Back" / "The Love You Save" / "Get Ready" / "Dancing in the Street")

Semi-final 2 (23 May).

Guest Performers, Results Show: OneRepublic ("Wherever I Go")

Semi-final 3 (24 May).

Guest Performer, Results Show: Nick Jonas ("Jealous" / "Close")

Semi-final 4 (25 May).

Guest Performers, Results Show: Jules, Matisse & Friends

Semi-final 5 (26 May).

Guest Performers, Results Show: Fifth Harmony ("Work from Home")

Final (28 May).

Guest Performers, Results Show: Katherine Jenkins ("Land of Hope and Glory" / "Rule, Britannia!"), Clean Bandit & Louisa Johnson ("Tears"), Jamie Raven, Attraction, Diversity, Ashleigh and Pudsey, Kieran Gaffney, George Sampson, Old Men Grooving, Jon Clegg, Stavros Flatley, Collabro and Spelbound

Ratings.

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Controversies.

"Puppies Got Talent" stunt  Production staff faced criticism during the tenth series from Simon Cowell, for the use of dalmatian puppies for a segment that was aired as a live episode of "Britain's Got More Talent". Staff had designed the segment to involve the sister show's host Stephen Mulhern holding a quiz with the judges, asking them questions and awarding them a puppy for each correct answer they gave. Because of his work in charities that fought against animal cruelty, Cowell became concerned over the welfare of the animals, forcing him to use a commercial break to speak with the owner of the puppies. Although no official investigation was launched behind the stunt, Mulhern was forced to apologise for the use of the stunt, while Cowell made it clear to the producers that such a stunt would not be repeated on the programme in the future.

The tenth series of Britain's Got Talent, a British talent competition series, began broadcasting in the UK during 2016, from 9 April to 28 May on ITV. To celebrate ten years of the show, the final featured a special performance entitled "Best of Britain’s Got Talent", which featured several partipicants who had appeared on the show during the previous nine series, including Ashleigh and Pudsey, Attraction, Diversity, Jon Clegg, Stavros Flatley, Collabro and Spelbound. It was the last series to have its live episodes broadcast at The Fountain Studios, before its closure after the series had ended.

Die zehnte Staffel von Britain’s Got Talent wurde vom 9. April 2016 bis zum 28. Mai 2016 ausgestrahlt. Gewinner der Staffel war der Magier Richard Jones. Er gewann vor dem Sänger Wayne Woodward und der Tanzgruppe "Boogie Storm".


Biography.

Born in March 1973, Bergvall grew up in the suburbs of Stockholm. His formal education included the film program at Södra Latin Gymnasium in Stockholm, Sweden, as well as Kulturama's program for film studies, also in Stockholm.  Bergvall got his start in television news and documentary work, working professionally as a cinematographer and editor even before graduating high school. After freelancing for local and national TV networks, he transitioned to international work as a documentary filmmaker and producer in the 1990s, working on assignment from numerous European networks in Israel, the Palestinian territories, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Croatia, and other hotspots.  Bergvall followed this documentary stint with more scripted television work, winning numerous awards for writing, cinematography, editing, and overall production in the corporate and commercial world, most notably through the Golden Slate Awards (a.k.a. Guldklappan).  In 1997, Bergvall partnered with Simon Sandquist to produce and direct the short film "Victor". Bergvall's first effort for the big screen afforded him numerous accolades, including a 1999 Academy Award nomination.  In 2002, Bergvall and Sandquist partnered again to direct the theatrical feature "Den osynlige" (a.k.a. The Invisible). The film received awards and accolades in eight international festivals. It was also sold to Spyglass and in partnership with Disney became the first film in a wave of English-language remakes of Swedish films, "The Invisible".  Bergvall has since been attached to several high-profile projects at various Hollywood studios, including Fear Itself at Intermedia, Books of Magic at Warner Brothers, The Imagined at Fox, Trap Door at New Line Cinema, and more.  Bergvall's first English language feature was "Possession" (a.k.a. "Addicted"), produced by Vertigo and Spitfire Entertainment, released by Yari Film Group and 20th Century Fox, and starring Sarah Michelle Gellar.  As a writer, Bergvall also adapted, with Sandquist, the British novel series "Tunnels" by Roderick Gordon and Brian Williams for Relativity. In 2013 he partnered with Converge Studios and music producing duo Rock Mafia to create Fly or Die, a New Media TV show set in the world of music and initially released through BitTorrent.  Bergvall is currently leading the charge in the emerging field of StoryTech as Partner and Chief Story Officer with Shareability, the world's first true StoryTech company.

Joel Bergvall is a Swedish-born filmmaker known for his Academy Award nomination for the short film "Victor" (1999), the thriller "Den osynlige" (a.k.a. The Invisible, 2002) and screenplay adaption of "Tunnels", the British novel series by Roderick Gordon and Brian Williams.

Joel Bergvall (* 8. März 1973 in Järfälla, Stockholms län, Schweden) ist ein schwedischer Filmproduzent, Drehbuchautor, Filmeditor, Kameramann und Filmregisseur.


Origins.

Þangbrandr's origins are uncertain. According to some sources, he was the son of an otherwise unknown Vilbaldus, count of Saxony or of Bremen. But he is also said to be Flemish. He may have been a clerk to the bishop of Bremen. However that may be, his name seems to be of German origin, and may come from Old High German "*Dankbrant".

Encounter with Óláfr.

The Bishop of Bremen was invited to England by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Þangbrandr went with him. In England, Þangbrandr was offered a shield with a crucified Christ drawn on it. When they returned to Saxony they met Óláfr, who saw Þangbrandr's shield and was pleased with it. The Þangbrandr gave Óláfr the shield and, in return, the king promised to help and protect him in case he would need it.

Mission in Norway.

After fighting over a woman with one of the Emperor's men and killing him, Þangbrandr was forced to flee from the land. He joined Óláfr in England, who took him into his service. When Óláfr came back in Norway, Þangbrandr was put in charge of baptizing the people in Hordaland. But he soon fell short of money and began to rob those who were still pagans.

Mission in Iceland.

As a penance, Óláfr sent him to Iceland, where Þorvaldr Kodránsson and Stefnir Þórgilsson's missions had failed.  Þangbrandr's mission began in 997. He first succeeded in converting Sídu-Hallr Þorsteinsson. He travelled around the country and several other prominent Icelanders agreed to be baptized or at least to receive "prima signatio". But he had more opponents than followers. The difficulties he came up against are especially described in "Brennu-Njáls saga" in a "lively, although probably exaggerated" manner. He was challenged to a duel by Þorkell whom he defeated, although he carried a crucifix rather than a shield. Some of his enemies paid a sorcerer to get rid of him. The sorcerer made a sacrifice and the ground opened up under Þangbrandr. His horse was swallowed up but he escaped. The priest killed the skald Vetrliði Sumarliðason who had composed defamatory verses ("níð") about him. He also killed another skald, Þorvaldr veili, who had gathered a troop to slay him. Steinunn, Hofgarða-Refr's mother, preached the old faith to him, trying to demonstrate the superiority of Thor over Christ ("Hast thou heard," she said, "how Thor challenged Christ to single combat, and how he did not dare to fight with Thor?"). Þangbrandr then caused the death of a berserker. He was eventually outlawed because of the men he had killed.  After two years in Iceland, he went back to Norway and explained he had failed:  When Óláfr learned that, he got angry and threatened to hurt or kill all the pagan Icelanders who were in town at that time. But Gizurr the White Teitsson and Hjalti Skeggjason, who had been converted by Þangbrandr, talked him out of it. They explained that Þangbrandr had failed because he had proceeded with violence and murders and they committed themselves to preaching Christian faith in Iceland. The conversion of Iceland was eventually decided at the next "Alþing" (in 999 or 1000—see Christianisation of Iceland).

Þangbrandr was a missionary sent to Iceland by king of Norway Óláfr Tryggvason to convert the inhabitants to Christianity. Snorri Sturluson described him as follows:

Þangbrandr (neuisländisch "Þangbrandur," deutsch auch "Dankbrand," "Thangbrand;" * im 10. Jahrhundert; † nach 999) war ein Adeliger und Priester, der vom norwegischen König Olav I. Tryggvason im Jahre 997 als Missionar nach Island geschickt wurde, um das Land zu christianisieren. Þangbrandr fiel durch seine Gewalttätigkeit auf und kehrte nach zwei Jahren anscheinend ohne großen Erfolg nach Norwegen zurück, jedoch wurde das Christentum in Island wenig später durch Beschluss des Althing als Religion angenommen.


Education.

Chang earned his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from National Taiwan University in 1976. In 1977, he finished his master's degree in civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University. In 1981, He received a doctoral degree in civil and environmental engineering from Cornell University.

Early career.

Upon graduation, Chang returned to Taiwan to serve as a lecturer, associate professor and finally, professor in the Department of Civil Engineering of National Taiwan University from 1981 to 1990. He was the Director for National Center for High-Performance Computing from 1991 to 1997. From 1998 to 2000, he was the Director of the Department of Planning and Evaluation of National Science Council. Between 2000 and 2010, he worked for Acer Inc. as Vice President of the e-Enabling Service Business Group, and between 2010 and 2012, he worked for Google as the Director of Google's hardware operations in Asia.

Political career.

Chang was appointed as a Minister without Portfolio of the Executive Yuan in 2012. On March 3, 2014, the National Science Council was upgraded to the Ministry of Science and Technology, and Chang served as its first minister. On December 8, 2014, at a reformation of the Executive Yuan after the ruling Kuomintang lost the local elections, Chang became the Vice Premier. On January 16, 2016 after the defeat of the KMT, President Ma appointed Chang as the Premier to serve the remain four months during the period of transition of power, Chang became the first nonpartisan Premier of the Republic of China.

2020 presidential campaign.

Chang announced his independent candidacy for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election on 17 February 2019. Chang later joined the presidential campaign of Kuomintang candidate Han Kuo-yu as an adviser without halting his own campaign. In August 2019, Han formed a national policy advisory group headed by Chang. Chang's selection as the Kuomintang's 2020 Taiwan presidential election vice presidential candidate was announced on 11 November 2019. ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan= 2 colspan=2 | Party! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan=2 | Candidate! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan= 2 | Votes! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan= 2 colspan=2| Percentage! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;" |Total! style="text-align:right;" |14,300,940! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2|100%

Chang San-cheng or Simon Chang () (born 24 June 1954) is a Taiwan politician who was Premier of the Republic of China from 1 February 2016 until 20 May 2016, appointed by President Ma Ying-jeou. Before assuming the Premiership, he had served as Vice Premier from 8 December 2014. Chang is the first nonpartisan Premier of the Republic of China.

Chang San-cheng (, auch Simon Chang; * 24. Juni 1954) ist ein parteiloser taiwanischer Politiker und war vom 18. Januar bis zum 20. Mai 2016 Premierminister der Republik China (Taiwan).


Mythology.

Melanthius provides the best goats of the herd for a feast for the suitors of Penelope. He serves the suitors at the dining table, pouring them wine or lighting a fire in the hall upon their order. He is apparently favored by many of them: Eurymachus is said to like him best of all, and he is allowed to have meals in the same dining hall with the suitors.  Odysseus, disguised as a beggar and accompanied by Eumaeus, encounters Melanthius on his way into town, by the fountain dedicated to the nymphs. Melanthius immediately taunts Odysseus and proceeds to kick him on the hip, unaware that he is really dishonoring his master, causing Odysseus to consider attacking him. Later, when Odysseus is brought in front of the suitors, Melanthius asserts that he knows nothing of the stranger and that Eumaeus alone is responsible for bringing him in. His speech results in the suitors' rebuking Eumaeus.  Early in the battle with the suitors, Eumaeus and Philoetius catch Melanthius trying to steal more weapons and armour for the suitors. On the orders of Odysseus, they bind him and string him up from the rafters, where he is mocked by Eumaeus. When the battle is won, Telemachus (the son of Odysseus), Eumaeus, and Philoetius hang the twelve unfaithful maidservants, which include Melanthius's sister, Melantho, before turning their attention to Melanthius. They take him to the inner court, chop off his nose and ears with a sword, pull off his genitals to feed to the dogs, and then, in their fury, chop off his hands and feet.

Melanthius (), the son of Dolius, is a minor, yet important character in Homer's "Odyssey": Odysseus's disloyal goatherd. In contrast, Odysseus's cowherd Philoetius and swineherd Eumaeus have both remained loyal to Odysseus during his twenty years of wanderings, as have Melanthius's father and six brothers.

Melanthios oder Melantheus ( oder ; ) ist eine Person der griechischen Mythologie. In Homers "Odyssee", die beide Namensformen kennt, war Melanthios der Sohn des Dolios und Bruder der Melantho. Während Dolios den Odysseus bei dessen Heimkehr freudig begrüßte, hielten es Melanthios und seine Schwester mit den Freiern der Penelope, obgleich diese Melantho wie eine Tochter aufgenommen hatte. Melanthios, der als Ziegenhirt für Odysseus arbeitete, versorgte die Freier mit den besten Tieren seiner Herde. Als Odysseus nach Ithaka zurückgekehrt war und noch unerkannt in der Stadt sich aufhielt, verspottete ihn Melanthios heftig.


Features.

There are several feature modules that can be enabled or disabled, as needed. This software is free under GNU General Public License 3.0. It is a web-based application, and can therefore be used wherever an internet service is available. Dolibarr aims to offer free open source ERP and CRM features for people with no technical knowledge, by providing a simple solution.  Dolibarr includes all the important features of an ERP CRM suite. It is modular and is thus characterized by its ease of installation and use, despite the large number of features.  Main Dolibarr features include:

Missing features.

These features are not available in the most recent version of Dolibarr:

Architecture.

Dolibarr is written in PHP. It uses MySQL, MariaDB or PostgreSQL databases. It works with a wide choice of hosting services or servers. Dolibarr works with all PHP configurations and does not require any additional PHP modules.  Dolibarr can also be installed from an auto-installer file that is available for Windows, Mac and Linux. This is aimed at enabling users with no technical knowledge to install Dolibarr and its prerequisites (such as Apache, MySQL and PHP). This version is called DoliWamp for Windows users, DoliDeb for Debian or Ubuntu users, DoliRpm for Fedora, Redhat, Mandriva or OpenSuse users.

History.

Dolibarr was started by Rodolphe Quiedeville in April 2002. At this time, Jean-Louis Bergamo began writing the foundation management module. Version 1.0 was released in September 2003.  In July 2008, Laurent Destailleur - the main contributor and author of AWStats - took over from Rodolphe Quideville as the main developer. A foundation and several user groups have been created in several countries. The first was set up in France, the country where Dolibarr is most well-known. Dolibarr's popularity in France increased after it was freely distributed by a number of government agencies to people starting up new businesses. The software is now also used in many other countries and translated into more than 50 languages.

Dolibarr ERP CRM is an open source, free software package for companies of any size, foundations or freelancers. It includes different features for enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM) but also other features for different activities.

Dolibarr ERP/CRM ist eine Open-Source-Software für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen, Organisationen oder Selbstständige. Das System beinhaltet neben verschiedenen Funktionen wie Ressourcen-Planung (ERP) und Customer-Relationship-Management (CRM) auch andere Optionen für unterschiedlichste Anwendungen im Businessbereich.


Stenhousemuir.

McNair began his career at Stenhousemuir. He played at inside right and was a regular goalscorer, helping the club win the Scottish Qualifying Cup in 1901 and 1902. He also played in the Stenhousemuir team that reached the Scottish Cup semi-final in 1903, losing 4–1 to Rangers.

Celtic.

In May 1904, McNair signed for Celtic. He initially played in a variety of positions, but when right-back Donnie McLeod left in 1908, McNair made that position his own. He was an integral part of the Celtic side spearheaded by Jimmy Quinn that won six successive league championships from 1904–05 to 1909–10. McNair had exceptional positional sense and ability to anticipate his opponents' moves. He was a precise tackler and had confidence in his ability to dribble the ball out of his own penalty area rather than rashly boot it forward. He was a calm and composed personality, and his demeanour earned him the nickname 'The Icicle'. Willie Maley, the Celtic manager, described McNair as ""The coolest, most intelligent player I have ever seen."" In his 21 years at Celtic McNair played a total of 641 games for the club in major competitions, winning the league championship 12 times and the Scottish Cup six times. He played his last game on 18 April 1925, a 1–1 draw with Queen's Park. He was 41 years old and is the oldest player ever to play for Celtic. McNair's appearances, trophy and caps totals might have been even higher had it not been for the interruption of World War I when the League continued but the Cup and internationals were suspended, considering that his success at club level and selection for Scotland continued after the conflict.  He received a benefit match in 1921, in which a combined Rangers/Celtic team played against a Scottish League team (the league also selected Celtic players John McFarlane and Tully Craig, who scored all their team's goals in a 3–1 win).

Later years.

McNair became manager of Dundee in June 1925. His first two seasons saw Dundee finish mid-table and then fifth. However, after a poor start to season 1927–28, McNair left Dens Park in October 1927. He then left full-time participation in football to become a stockbroker, but still kept some involvement in the game by working as a referee supervisor.

Honours.

Celtic

Alexander McNair (26 December 1883 – 18 November 1951) was a Scottish football player and manager. He played as a defender for Celtic and represented the Scotland national team in 15 official internationals between 1906 and 1920. McNair also represented the Scottish League XI 15 times. He then managed Dundee from 1925 until 1927.

Alexander „Alec“ McNair (* 26. Dezember 1883 in Bo’ness; † 18. November 1951 in Stenhousemuir) war ein schottischer Fußballspieler und -trainer. Der bekennende Rangers-Fan und Protestant stand in seiner Karriere 21 Jahre beim irisch-katholischen Stadtrivalen Celtic Glasgow unter Vertrag, und spielte damit länger als jeder andere Spieler für den Verein.


Biography.

Kemper grew up in Volendam and lives in Amsterdam. She studied sports management and had a part-time job with her uncle and aunt behind the counter of a fish shop in Almere.  She is an athlete at AV Edam. That was also Kemper's reason for following her studies in sports and marketing management.

BNN.

"Sterretje Gezocht".

When Geraldine saw the call for the BNN programme "Sterretje Gezocht", she immediately registered. Her dream was therefore to become a VJ at TMF or a presenter at BNN.  A total of about eight thousand women registered. In the end Kemper managed to become the new star of BNN after eight weeks. She defeated Fleur in the final with 60% of the jury points and 60% of the votes of the audience. That meant that she got a role in the soap opera "Onderweg naar Morgen" and became a presenter of "Try Before You Die". In addition, Valerio Zeno announced during the final that the winner would immediately start the day after the finale as the presenter of "Spuiten en Slikken Zomertour"; Geraldine replaced Zarayda Groenhart for one episode.

"Try Before you Die".

In 2009 she made her appearance in season 5 of "Try Before You Die", in the company of Steyn de Leeuwe, Valerio Zeno, Filemon Wesselink, Nicolette Kluijver, Dennis Storm, Zarayda Groenhart and Sander Lantinga. In the challenge she tackled challenges like: "participating in the tough guy challenge", "French kissing with an elderly man", "taking pictures in Volendam clothing" and "making the biggest crop circle".  In 2011 she presented "Try Before You Die 2".

"Spuiten en Slikken".

At the last moment Kemper was allowed to make one episode of "Spuiten en Slikken Zomertour" as reporter. By the departure of Filemon Wesselink from "Spuiten en Slikken", Nicolette Kluijver and Zarayda Groenhart were given Filemon's place and a place was released. Kemper, who therefore already replaced one episode for Groenhart, belonged from season 9 to the regular squad of "Spuiten en Slikken". In "Spuiten en Slikken" she does the experiments, called Gerries Eerste Keer. From 2014 she also takes on the general presentation, together with Tim Hofman.

"3 op Reis".

Since 2012 she also presents "3 op Reis". She attracted the Caribbean and a road trip through Europe. She also presented "3 op Reis Summertime".

101 TV.

Kemper has also been presenting Trick Mania on 101 TV since 2009. On the internet platform of BNN 101 she presented "Repo" and "Lekker Langzaam".

"Jan vs Geraldine".

From 2015, Kemper was seen with Jan Versteegh in the programme Jan vs Geraldine, an expansion on the BNN series "Versus".

RTL.

In 2019 it was announced that Kemper would be moving to RTL, where she is going to be a presenter for "Expeditie Robinson Videoland" and "The Voice of Holland"

Other television appearances.

Kemper participated in Expeditie Robinson 2013, in which she played the final together with former judoka Edith Bosch and dancer Anna-Alicia Sklias. Bosch finished first. In the week before Christmas she was one of the sleeping guests in the Glass House of "3FM Serious Request".

Geraldine Jane Kemper (born in Volendam, 26 January 1990) is a Dutch television presenter originally from BNN. She won her job as a presenter with this public broadcaster through the television programme "Sterretje Gezocht". In 2015 and 2016 Kemper was nominated for the Zilveren Televizier-Ster Vrouw. In 2019 it has been announced Kemper will transfer to RTL.

Geraldine Jane „Gerrie“ Kemper (* 26. Januar 1990 in Amsterdam) ist eine niederländische Fernsehmoderatorin von BNN. Sie gewann die TV-Show "Sterretje Gezocht" und kam dadurch zu ihrem Job als Moderatorin beim öffentlich-rechtlichen Fernsehen.


Signs and symptoms.

SCS presents in a variable fashion. The majority of individuals with SCS are moderately affected, with uneven facial features and a relatively flat face due to underdeveloped eye sockets, cheekbones, and lower jaw. In addition to the physical abnormalities, people with SCS also experience growth delays, which results in a relatively short stature. Although, most individuals with SCS are of normal intelligence, some individuals may have mild to moderate mental delays. More severe cases of SCS, with more serious facial deformities, occurs when multiple cranial sutures close prematurely.

Causes.

Craniosynostosis.

The cranium consists of three main sections including the base of the cranium (occipital bone), the face (frontal bone), and the top (parietal bones) and sides (temporal bone) of the head. Most of the bones of the cranium are permanently set into place prior to birth. However, the temporal and parietal bones are separated by sutures, which remain open, allowing the head to slightly change in shape during childbirth. The cranial sutures eventually close within the first couple of years following birth, after the brain has finished growing.  In individuals with SCS, the coronal suture separating the frontal bones from the parietal bones, closes prematurely (craniosynostosis), occasionally even before birth. If the coronal suture closes asymmetrically or unilaterally, then the face and forehead will form unevenly, from side-to-side. People with SCS have pointy, tower-like heads because their brain is growing faster than their skull, resulting in increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and causing the top of the head and/or forehead to bulge out to allow for brain growth. The face appears uneven, particularly in the areas of the eyes and cheeks, and the forehead appears wide and tall.  Because of the abnormal forehead, there is less space for the normal facial features to develop. This results in shallow eye sockets and flat cheekbones. The shallow eye sockets make the eyes more prominent or bulging and cause the eyes to be more separated than normal (hypertelorism). The underdeveloped eye sockets, cheekbones, and lower jaw cause the face to appear flat. Furthermore, the minor downward slant of the eyes along with the drooping eyelids (ptosis) adds to the overall unevenness of the face.

Genetics.

SCS is typically inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. However, on occasion, children with a microdeletion of 7p21 (chromosome containing the locus responsible for SCS) develop new abnormalities and typically show significant neurological abnormalities. An increased parental age may play a role in the development of new mutations and abnormalities.  Linkage analysis and chromosomal rearrangement revealed the cause of SCS to be mutations in the TWIST gene (twist transcription factor gene) located on chromosome 7p21. The TWIST gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (b-HLH) transcription factor that controls head mesenchyme development as the cranial tube forms. More than 35 varying TWIST mutations involving the b-HLH domain of the protein have been identified in people with SCS. The mutations include missense, nonsense, and frameshift deletion/insertion mutations that either shorten or disrupt the b-HLH domain. Most individuals with SCS have a single large deletion in the region 7p21, which contains the region that codes for the TWIST gene.  In searching for the gene responsible for SCS, scientists at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center began studying the TWIST gene because its effects on mice. The TWIST gene in mice, functions in the development of the muscle and skeleton of the face, head, hands, and feet. Mice that were lacking both copies of the TWIST gene were spontaneously aborted prior to birth, and had serious deformities including abnormal limb and head defects and failure of the neural tube to properly close. However, mice with a single copy of the non-working TWIST gene survived. Further examination revealed that these mice had only minor skull, hand, and foot defects similar to those seen in SCS. The mouse TWIST gene is located on chromosome 12 in mice, which corresponds to the short arm of chromosome 7 in humans. With this information, scientists began to isolate and map the human TWIST gene on the short arm of human chromosome 7. They revealed that the human TWIST gene was in the same region that was absent in people with SCS. While looking for different mutations in the human TWIST gene, five different types of mutations were discovered in individuals with SCS. Since none of these mutations were seen in normal individuals who didn't have SCS, this provided enough evidence to conclude that the TWIST gene was the causative agent of SCS1. Researchers also studied the TWIST gene in "Drosophila" (fruit fly) in order to determine its function. They discovered that in the presence of two TWIST protein molecules combined together, the TWIST gene functions as a DNA transcription factor, meaning it binds to the DNA double-helix at specific locations in order to control which genes are "turned on" or activated. The majority of the identified mutations in the TWIST gene interfere with how the protein attaches to DNA, preventing the activation of other genes that would normally be turned on during fetal development.

Diagnosis.

Prenatal diagnosis.

Prenatal diagnosis of Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome in high risk pregnancies is doable, but very uncommon and rarely performed. Furthermore, this is only possible if the mutation causing the disease has already been identified within the family genome. There are a few different techniques in which prenatal testing can be carried out. Prenatal testing is usually performed around 15–18 weeks, using amniocentesis to extract DNA from the fetus's cells. Prenatal testing can also be performed during weeks 10–12 using chorionic villus sampling (CVS) to extract DNA from the fetus. Recently, there has been an increased interest in utilizing ultrasound equipment in order to detect fetal skull abnormalities due to immature fusion of the cranial sutures.

Clinical diagnosis.

The overall diagnosis of SCS is primarily based on clinical findings and observations based on dysmorphology examination (assessing structural defects) and radiographic evaluation (X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans).

Molecular/genetic diagnosis.

A clinical diagnosis of SCS can be verified by testing the TWIST1 gene (only gene in which mutations are known to cause SCS) for mutations using DNA analysis, such as sequence analysis, deletion/duplication analysis, and cytogenetics/ FISH analysis. Sequence analysis of exon 1 (TWIST1 coding region) provides a good method for detecting the frequency of mutations in the TWIST1 gene. These mutations include nonsense, missense, splice site mutation, and intragenic deletions/insertions. Deletion/duplication analysis identifies mutations in the TWIST1 gene that are not readily detected by sequence analysis. Common methods include PCR, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and chromosomal microarray (CMA). Cytogenetic/FISH analysis attaches fluorescently labels DNA markers to a denatured chromosome and is then examined under fluorescent lighting, which reveals mutations caused by translocations or inversions involving 7p21. Occasionally, individuals with SCS have a chromosome translocation, inversion, or ring chromosome 7 involving 7p21 resulting in atypical findings, such as, increased developmental delay. Individuals with SCS, typically have normal brain functioning and rarely have mental impairments. For this reason, if an individual has both SCS and mental retardation, then they should have their TWIST1 gene screened more carefully because this is not a normal trait of SCS. Cytogenetic testing and direct gene testing can also be used to study gene/chromosome defects. Cytogenetic testing is the study of chromosomes to detect gains or losses of chromosomes or chromosome segments using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Direct gene testing uses blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid, or other tissues in order to find genetic disorders. Direct gene testing can determine whether an individual has SCS by testing the individual's blood for mutations in the TWIST1 gene.

Differential diagnosis.

Genetic testing allows for a definitive diagnosis because it allows similar conditions to be differentiated from each other based on which gene is mutated. The following table contains conditions similar to SCS:

Treatment.

The physical abnormalities resulting from SCS are typically mild and only require a minor surgical procedure or no procedure at all. One of the common symptoms of SCS is the development of short (brachydactyly), webbed fingers and broad toes (syndactyly). These characteristics do not cause any problems to the function of the hands or feet, and thus, no medical procedure is required to fix the abnormalities, unless the patient requests it. Webbing of the fingers may affect the base of the fingers, resulting in delayed hand growth during childhood, but this contributes no functional impairments. Sometimes, individuals with SCS develop broad toes because the bones at the ends of the toes are duplicating themselves. This is especially seen in the big toe, but requires no surgical intervention because it doesn't negatively affect the overall function of the foot. Individuals with these toe abnormalities walk normally and can wear normal footwear.  In more severe cases, frequent surgeries and clinical monitoring are required throughout development. A child born with asymmetrical unilateral coronal synostosis should undergo cranioplasty within its first year of life in order to prevent increased intracranial pressure and to prevent progressive facial asymmetry. Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure to correct prematurely fused cranial bones. The surgery acts to reconstruct and reposition the bones and sutures in order to promote the most normal growth. Cranioplasty is necessary in order to continue to grow and is important for two main reasons. First of all, the skull needs to be able to accommodate the growing brain following childbirth, which it can't because the skull doesn't grow as fast as the brain as long as the sutures remain fused. This results in an increase in pressure surrounding the brain and inhibits the brain from growing, causing the individual to experience significant problems, and if left untreated can eventually lead to death. Secondly, cranioplasty may be required for appearance purposes. This is especially the case in individuals with asymmetrical unilateral coronal synostosis, which requires reconstructive surgery of the face and skull. If cranioplasty is not performed, especially in individuals with unilateral coronal synostosis, then facial asymmetry will get worse and worse over time, which is why cranioplasty should be performed as soon as possible.  Surgery may also be required in individuals with vision problems. Vision problems usually arise due to a lack of space in the eye orbit and skull because of the abnormal bone structure of the face. Decreased space may also lead to abnormal or missing tear ducts and nerve damage. Reconstructive surgery is usually required in order to increase cranial space, correct tear duct stenosis, and/or correct ptosis of the eyelids in order to prevent amblyopia (lazy eye).  Midfacial surgery may also be required during early childhood to correct respiratory problems, dental malocclusion, and swallowing difficulties. A cleft palate is also corrected with surgery, and may involve the use of tympanostomy tubes. If needed, an individual will undergo orthognathic treatment and/or orthodontic treatment after facial development is complete. Since hearing loss is frequently associated with SCS, it is recommended that audiology screening persist throughout childhood.  After cranial reconstructive surgery, a child may be required to wear a molding helmet or some other form of head protection until the cranial bones set into place. This typically takes about three months and depends on the child's age and the severity of the condition. Following recovery, individuals with SCS look and act completely normal, so no one would even be able to tell that they have SCS.

Epidemiology.

SCS is the most common craniosynostosis syndrome and affects 1 in every 25,000 to 50,000 individuals. It occurs in all racial and ethnic groups, and affects males and females equally. If a parent carries a copy of the SCS gene mutation, then there is a 50% chance their child will also carry a copy of the gene mutation, in which case, the child may or may not show signs of SCS. There is also a 50% chance their child will have two working copies of the gene, and would therefore, not have SCS. If both parents carry a single copy of the SCS gene mutation, then there is a 25% chance their child will have two gene mutation copies (so child would develop severe SCS), a 25% chance their child would have two normal copies of the gene (so would be completely normal), and a 50% chance their child would carry one gene mutation copy and 1 normal copy (so child may or may not display SCS). In rare situations, two normal parents can have a child with SCS due to a "de novo" mutation. The exact cause of the "de novo" mutation is unknown, but it doesn't seem to be related to anything that the parents did or didn't do during the pregnancy. SCS due to a "de novo" mutation is so rare that the proportion of past cases is unknown.

History.

In 1931, Haakon Saethre, a Norwegian psychiatrist, described similar characteristics between a mother and her two daughters. They all had long and uneven facial features, low-set hairlines, short fingers, and webbing between the second and third fingers and between the second, third, and fourth toes. A year later in 1932, F. Chotzen, a German psychiatrist, described a father and his two sons as having very similar characteristics as the mother and her daughters, as well as having hearing loss, short stature, and mild mental retardation. Hence, the name Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome was derived from the two scientists, who had separately described the condition without any previous knowledge of the other.

Saethre–Chotzen syndrome (SCS), also known as acrocephalosyndactyly type III, is a rare congenital disorder associated with craniosynostosis (premature closure of one or more of the sutures between the bones of the skull). This affects the shape of the head and face, resulting in a cone-shaped head and an asymmetrical face. Individuals with SCS also have droopy eyelids (ptosis), widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), and minor abnormalities of the hands and feet (syndactyly). Individuals with more severe cases of SCS may have mild to moderate mental retardation or learning disabilities. Depending on the level of severity, some individuals with SCS may require some form of medical or surgical intervention. Most individuals with SCS live fairly normal lives, regardless of whether medical treatment is needed or not.

Das Saethre-Chotzen-Syndrom (SCS) ist eine seltene angeborene Kraniofaziale Fehlbildung mit einer Kombination von Kraniosynostose mit Syndaktylien und Symphalangismus. Synonyme sind: "Akrozephalosyndaktylie-Syndrom Typ III; ACS-Sy Typ III; ACS3; Chotzen-Syndrom; "


Films.

"Rocky" (1976).

Rocky Balboa (Sylvester Stallone) is a small-time boxer who seems to be going nowhere in life, as he works day-in and day-out as a collector for a loan shark and fights in sleazy clubs for low pay rewards, for which Rocky is mocked and told that he's nothing but a 'bum,' especially by gym trainer Mickey Goldmill (Burgess Meredith). At the same time, Rocky successfully courts Adrian Pennino (Talia Shire), a painfully shy woman with an alcoholic brother, Paulie (Burt Young). But when the world heavyweight champion boxer Apollo Creed (Carl Weathers) chooses Rocky at random as his opponent in a title fight, Rocky realizes he now has the chance to prove that he's not worthless. With Adrian's support and Mickey becoming his trainer and manager, Rocky fights for his self-respect.

"Rocky II" (1979).

Soon after proving himself, even with a split decision loss to Apollo Creed, Rocky expects the good life to follow. He marries Adrian and begins spending the money he earned from the match. But after he fails at both endorsements and a series of low wage jobs, Rocky realizes the only way he can survive is to begin boxing again. Creed on the other hand, faces criticism from fans to overcome the fight. As a result, he publicly taunts Rocky into a rematch, for which Rocky trains once again with Mickey. In the fifteenth round, Rocky knocks Creed to the ground, falling to the canvas himself in the process. Both fighters struggle to get to their feet, but only Rocky is successful. For the first time, Rocky is declared the World Heavyweight Champion; even Apollo shows respect for him as he regains his support from fans for doing a fair fight.

"Rocky III" (1982).

After winning the heavyweight title, Rocky takes advantage of his newfound wealth and fame, appearing in multiple advertisements and television programs, and relishing his new celebrity status. After defending the title multiple times, he is prepared to retire, but the number one contender, James "Clubber" Lang (played by Mr. T), challenges Rocky publicly. Rocky, after dealing with Mickey's heart attack before the fight, is overpowered by the stronger, hungrier Lang and is knocked out in the second round. Mickey passes away after the fight, and former rival Apollo Creed steps in, training Rocky to fight in Creed's old style (in his old Los Angeles gym) and to use more guile and skill. In the rematch, Rocky outboxes Lang, tiring the stronger fighter out and eventually knocking him out in the third round. After the fight, Apollo calls in his "favor" for training Rocky, which is a one-on-one match between the two of them with no cameras, no media, just man vs. man in the gym. The film ends as they each throw their first punch.

"Rocky IV" (1985).

After winning back his title from Clubber Lang, Rocky continues to live the good life, now that he and Apollo are good friends. However, a new fighter from the USSR, Ivan Drago (played by Dolph Lundgren), has emerged and challenges Rocky to an exhibition match. Apollo fights instead, and the beating he takes from Drago ends with Apollo dying in Rocky's arms in the ring as Drago coldly watches. To avenge Apollo, Rocky challenges Drago to a match, which is to be held on Christmas Day in Moscow. In a montage replete with symbolism, Rocky is shown training in a remote cabin in Siberia with the help of Creed's old trainer Duke, his brother-in-law Paulie, and eventually Adrian, doing exercises such as chopping wood, lifting rocks, running in the snow and climbing a mountain, while Drago is seen in an advanced training facility running on treadmills, utilizing weightlifting machines and injecting steroids to boost his strength. During the fight, Rocky takes the worst beating of his life but refuses to fall. He eventually wins over the foreign crowd with his display of courage and determination, and he knocks Drago out with seconds left in the final round.

"Rocky V" (1990).

In the aftermath of his fight with Ivan Drago, Rocky Balboa is diagnosed with brain damage and is forced to retire from the ring. Additionally, the Balboa fortune is all gone due to an unscrupulous accountant. Rocky's family returns to their old neighborhood and Adrian returns to the pet store she used to work at, while (in a subplot) Rocky (Robert) Jr. (played by Sylvester Stallone's real son Sage) deals with bullying at his school and Rocky re-opens Mickey's old gym. While training other boxers, Rocky meets a young, hungry boxer named Tommy Gunn (played by real-life fighter Tommy Morrison) and begins training him which results in a strained relationship with Robert. Unfortunately, as Tommy begins his rise to fame under Rocky's wing, a sleazy fight promoter named George Washington Duke convinces Tommy that Rocky is holding him back and Tommy leaves Rocky for Duke. After Tommy wins the heavyweight title, he makes a short speech thanking Duke, and is met with jeers and the familiar chant of "Rocky" from the crowd. Seething from this insult, as well as being called by publicists as "Rocky's robot" and being told that he's "no Rocky Balboa," Tommy decides to seek out his former mentor for a final showdown. Rocky starts to walk away from the public challenge, but Paulie decides to let Tommy have a piece of his mind about how Tommy has treated Rocky, and Tommy proceeds to punch Paulie. Rocky then challenges Tommy outside and the two proceed in a violent bare-knuckle street brawl, which Rocky wins. Rocky then proceeds to punch Duke for harassing him. In the end, Rocky and Robert reconcile as they run up the steps as father and son.

"Rocky Balboa" (2006).

In "Rocky Balboa", twenty years have passed since his final fight with his former protégé, Tommy "The Machine" Gunn. Long retired, Rocky Balboa still staggers around an ever-changing world; his son is grown and distant, Paulie is working back at the meat plant, and Rocky's wife Adrian has died. Rocky has opened a restaurant named after his wife, which he stocks with mementos of his prime as he tells his old fight stories to customers. But when a computer simulated fight on ESPN depicting a bout between a young Rocky Balboa and the current champion, Mason Dixon (Antonio Tarver) reignites interest in the faded boxer, Rocky discovers he has not lost his fighting spirit and considers an opportunity to prove himself in the ring again. Rocky almost wins the fight but loses in a split decision just like the first film. Rocky is last seen visiting his wife's grave saying, "Yo Adrian, we did it."

"Creed" (2015).

Adonis "Donnie" Johnson (Michael B. Jordan), the illegitimate son of the late former heavyweight champion Apollo Creed, tracks down Rocky Balboa at Adrian's and asks Rocky to become his trainer. Rocky is reluctant, but eventually agrees. When word gets out that Donnie is Creed's illegitimate son, the handlers of world light heavyweight champion "Pretty" Ricky Conlan, who is forced into retirement by an impending prison term, offer to make Donnie the latter's final challenger—provided that he change his name to Adonis Creed. Donnie balks at first, wanting to forge his own legacy. However, he eventually agrees. While helping Donnie train, Rocky learns he has non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He is initially unwilling to undergo chemotherapy because it wasn't enough to save Adrian from ovarian cancer. Donnie persuades Rocky to seek treatment and continues training while Rocky recovers. In a battle reminiscent of Apollo and Rocky's first fight, Donnie fights Conlan in Conlan's hometown of Liverpool and surprises almost everyone by going the distance and pushing Conlan to his limit. Conlan wins by split decision, but Donnie wins the respect of Conlan and the crowd, with Conlan calling Donnie the future of the light heavyweight division. Returning to Philadelphia, Donnie and a recovering Rocky both make their way up the Philadelphia Museum steps and look at the skyline.

"Creed II" (2018).

Three years after losing the fight to "Pretty" Ricky Conlan, Adonis Johnson Creed wins the World Heavyweight Championship and proposes to his girlfriend, Bianca Taylor (Tessa Thompson). Meanwhile, three decades since the death of Apollo Creed and his loss to Rocky Balboa, Ivan Drago is training his son, Viktor Drago (Florian Munteanu), to reclaim their honor by having Viktor publicly challenge Adonis for the World Heavyweight Title. Rocky is reluctant to train Adonis, fearing Adonis will meet the same fate as his father, but Adonis accepts the challenge without him and is badly injured during the fight. Because of Viktor's disqualification, Adonis retains the title. Viktor demands a rematch, while he is being promoted by his father's supporters who originally abandoned Drago, including Drago's ex-wife, Ludmilla (Brigette Nielsen). Viktor is subjected to vicious training sessions in preparation for the rematch. Rocky comes to Adonis' aid and decides to train him in the Southern California desert, with a different tactic for Adonis to take in Viktor's powerful punches. The rematch is set in Moscow, and Adonis is able to take Viktor's powerful punches, while leaving Viktor exhausted. Viktor's supporters and his mother leave during the fight with doubt that Viktor will win. Drago seeing his son taking Adonis’ punches without fighting back, throws in the towel and assures his son that he is more important to him and that he will not abandon him like he was. While Rocky later reunites with his son, Robert (Milo Ventimiglia) and meets his grandson, Adonis goes to his late father's grave, making peace with his late father and honoring his legacy.

Future.

Untitled "Rocky" film (TBA).

In May 2019 at the Cannes Film Festival, Sylvester Stallone announced an idea he had about another story about Rocky Balboa. By July of the same year, Stallone confirmed that a sequel/follow-up to the current film series is in development. The project will be a joint-production venture between Winkler Films Production and MGM. Stallone will serve as writer in addition to starring in the film.  Conceptualized as an epilogue story, the film is said to be about Rocky befriending a young fighter who is a foreigner, stuck illegally in the United States. Stallone states: "Rocky meets a young, angry person who got stuck in this country when he comes to see his sister. He takes him into his life, and unbelievable adventures begin, and they wind up south of the border. It’s very, very timely." By May 2020, Stallone stated that he is still working on the film, though he does not know if it will be made.

"Creed III" (TBA).

In December 2018, Sylvester Stallone expressed interest in Deontay Wilder playing the son of Clubber Lang in a potential "Creed III", a plot point to which Michael B. Jordan agreed to, were a sequel to be made. In February 2020, Zach Baylin was announced as screenwriter, with Jordan confirmed to reprise his role as Adonis Creed.

Television.

In July 2019, Sylvester Stallone announced that there are "ongoing discussions" about a "Rocky" prequel television series, with the project intended to premiere on a streaming service platform. Film series producer, Irwin Winkler however, is said to be hesitant in making a television series with concerns regarding how the story would translate to television. Stallone stated: "There was some conflict there, yes....so there was a big bone of contention."

Cast and crew.

Principal cast.

This table breaks down the main characters, and the actors who have portrayed them.

Reception.

Accolades.

At the 49th Academy Awards, "Rocky" was nominated for ten Academy Awards. Sylvester Stallone was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, and Best Original Screenplay, with Talia Shire being nominated for Best Actress, and both Burgess Meredith and Burt Young being nominated for Best Supporting Actor. "Gonna Fly Now" was nominated for Best Original Song, and "Rocky" itself was nominated for Best Sound Editing, and won Best Picture, Best Director for John G. Avildson, and Best Film Editing.  At the 55th Academy Awards, the song "Eye of the Tiger" from "Rocky III" was nominated for Best Original Song.  On December 7, 2010, Stallone was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame and Museum, for paying tribute to boxers in writing and creating the underdog character of Rocky.  On January 10, 2016, Stallone won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in "Creed".  At the 88th Academy Awards, Stallone was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in "Creed", the film's only nomination.  In total, the "Rocky" series has received twelve Academy Awards nominations, winning three.

Rocky is a series of American boxing drama films. The first film, "Rocky" (1976), and its five sequels centered on the boxing career of the eponymous fictional character, Rocky Balboa (Sylvester Stallone). For the seventh and eighth, spin-off-sequels "Creed" (2015), and "Creed II" (2018), the series shifted towards Adonis Creed (Michael B. Jordan), the son of Rocky's deceased rival and friend Apollo Creed (Carl Weathers), as the titular boxer with the now-retired Rocky appearing as his trainer. All films in the series were written or co-written by Stallone except for "Creed", which was written by Ryan Coogler and Aaron Covington. The original film and the fifth installment were directed by John G. Avildsen, "Creed" was directed by Coogler, "Creed II" was directed by Steven Caple Jr., and the rest were directed by Stallone. In July 2019, Stallone said that another sequel to the "Rocky" franchise is in development and there have been ongoing discussions about a prequel television series based on the early years of Rocky Balboa.

Die Rocky-Filmreihe besteht aus aktuell acht Teilen und wurde im Jahr 1976 mit dem Film "Rocky" begonnen. Die Boxdramen wurden von Sylvester Stallone geprägt und zunehmend voran geführt. Der bisher letzte Film, das Spin-off "Creed II – Rocky’s Legacy", erschien 2018. Damit erstrecken sich die Filme bislang über fünf Jahrzehnte.


Early life.

Krotoski was born a U.S. citizen in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia but spent her early years in New Orleans, Louisiana. Her parents, Wojciech Antoni "Al" Krotoski (1937–2016) and his then-wife Danuta (née Gwozdziowski), were Polish-American scientists who played a key role in revealing hypnozoites as the true mechanism of malarial relapse.

Education.

Krotoski graduated with a BA in psychology from Oberlin College in Ohio in 1996. After moving to the UK and becoming a television presenter, she returned to university to study social psychology at the University of Surrey, where she completed an MSc in 2004 and a PhD in 2009. Her PhD thesis on social influence in Second Life examined "how information spreads around the social networks of the World Wide Web."

Career.

From 1999 to 2001 she co-presented Channel 4's late evening video gaming review show, "Bits" with Emily Booth and Emily Newton Dunn.  In 2006, she contributed to the United Kingdom's Department for Education and Skills and the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA) collaboration, "Unlimited Learning: The role of computer and video games in curriculum-based education". In 2004, she wrote ELSPA's "Chicks and Joysticks: An exploration of women and gaming".  In September 2006 she was named one of the games industry's 100 most influential women by NextGen.biz and in November 2006 she was named one of the "Top Ten Girl Geeks" by CNET, two spots behind fictional character Lisa Simpson.  In February 2010, she presented "The Virtual Revolution" for BBC Two. This TV documentary series was described by the BBC as charting "two decades of profound change since the invention of the World Wide Web, weighing up the huge benefits and the unforeseen downsides." She also presented an accompanying four-part podcast series on the BBC World Service.  As of November 2010, she was Researcher in Residence at the British Library and curator of the Growing Knowledge digital exhibition at the library, and a visiting fellow at the London School of Economics.  Since 2011, she has presented the BBC Radio 4 series "Digital Human", which examines the relationship between human behaviour and the use of the World Wide Web.  On 4 July 2013 her book, "Untangling the Web" was published. It was based on "thirteen years of research" concurrently with her previous activities. It received reviews in the journal "Nature" and The Observer.

Personal life.

Krotoski married Ben Hammersley in April 2014; their daughter was born in September 2014.

Aleksandra Krystyna Theresa "Aleks" Krotoski (born 22 October 1974) is a Polish-American broadcaster, journalist and social psychologist, resident of the United Kingdom who writes about technology and interactivity. She presents "The Guardian" podcast Tech Weekly and contributes to guardian.co.uk. She formerly contributed occasional stories to "The Guardian"'s now defunct Online print section (which was later renamed Technology), and was one of the core contributor's to the Guardian's original Gamesblog.

Aleks Krotoski (vollständiger Name Aleksandra Krystyna; * 22. Oktober 1974 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) ist eine polnisch-amerikanische Sozialpsychologin, die auch als Journalistin tätig ist. Sie schreibt für den britischen Guardian und hat mehrere Paper zu Technologie-Themen und Aspekten der Neuen Medien veröffentlicht.


Teams.

Baseball and softball.

Ohio's baseball and fastpitch softball teams have storied programs.

Baseball.

The Ohio baseball program has won 14 MAC regular season titles in 1947, 1948, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, and 1991. The team has also won MAC tournament titles in 1997 and 2015, and has made a College World Series appearance in 1970. There have been a total of 23 Bobcats in the major leagues, and hundreds more in the minors. Most notably, hall of famer Mike Schmidt was a Bobcat, selected 30th in the 1971 Major League Baseball draft by the Philadelphia Phillies following his senior season.

Softball.

Although softball at Ohio University began earlier than the 1970s, records were not well kept. Upon the creation of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW), the current program began to take shape. The 1974 team, led by Head Coach Joyce King, went undefeated, boasting a record of 11-0-1. It was not until 1975 that the program made the switch from slow-pitch to fast-pitch. In that 1975 season, the team went 16-1 and made it to the AIAW Women's College World Series for the first time in program history. The early success continued as the 1976 team earned a spot in the Ohio State Invitational.  The MAC and the NCAA did not begin to recognize women's softball until 1980 and both neglected to sponsor a tournament until 1982. The first MAC tournament featured the Bobcats as the runner-up, losing to their rival Miami of Ohio. In her second season, head coach Tracy Bunge led the Bobcats to the most wins in a season with a record of 39-22, winning their first MAC title and their first appearance in the NCAA regional play.  In the 2014 season, the softball program won its first MAC tournament title. They were able to receive an automatic bid for the NCAA Championship tournament. During this season, they tied their record for most regular season wins at 32, while reaching their first national postseason tournament in 19 years.  The current head coach of the Bobcats is Jodi Hermanek, who accepted the position on July 17, 2008. Her time of coaching at Ohio University has been remarkable, leading the team to break their program records in total strikeouts, most wins in a season, and its first MAC championship title.

Basketball.

Ohio's home basketball games are played at the 13,080-seat Convocation Center. Located on the West Green of Ohio University's main campus, the venue has a seating capacity of 13,080. Ohio is consistently one of the attendance leaders in the Mid-American Conference and has the ability to draw good crowds, win or lose. The arena was completed in 1968 and is the largest basketball facility in the Mid-American Conference. The Bobcats have won over 75% of their home games since the opening of The Convo. Prior to playing at the Convo, Ohio basketball games were first played in Bentley Hall and then at Grover Center, two buildings that today exist as office space and classrooms for the university. The Convocation Center brought in its largest crowd on February 28, 1970, when 14,102 fans were in attendance to watch the Bobcats men's basketball team defeat the Bowling Green Falcons 77-76.

Men's basketball.

The first Ohio basketball game occurred in 1907 when the Bobcats defeated the Parkersburg YMCA 46-9. Since that day, Ohio has posted a.571 winning percentage over their 100-year history and a.566 winning percentage in their 65 years in the Mid-American Conference. The Bobcats have won 6 Mid-American Conference tournament titles in 1983, 1985, 1994, 2005, 2010, and 2012. As well as 9 MAC regular season titles in 1960, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1985, and 1994. Prior to joining the MAC, the 'Cats won an Ohio Athletic Conference title in 1921 and three Buckeye Athletic Association championships in 1931, 1933, and 1937. In addition, Ohio has played in the NCAA Tournament 13 times, appearing in 1960, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1983, 1985, 1994, 2005, 2010, and 2012. The Bobcats have been selected for the National Invitation Tournament 4 times in 1941 (runner-up), 1969, 1986, and 1995, while also appearing in the College Basketball Invitational in 2008. As a result of the storied tradition of Ohio Bobcats basketball, the program was recently ranked 86th in "Street & Smith's 100 Greatest Basketball Programs of All Time", published in 2005.  Some of Ohio's famous men's basketball coaches include Jim Snyder, Danny Nee, Larry Hunter and John Groce. Jim Snyder led the Bobcats for 26 years (1949–1974) and helped Ohio to 7 NCAA Tournament appearances and one NIT appearance. Snyder's teams compiled a 355-255 record, good for a.581 winning percentage. Former Ohio coach Danny Nee led Ohio for 7 years from 1980–1986. Nee helped rebuild the program from several years of losing records, and he helped lead the team to 2 MAC Tournament titles, 2 NCAA Tournament appearances, and one NIT appearance. Following Nee's tenure at Ohio, he took a job as head coach of the Nebraska Cornhuskers. Today Nee is head coach of the Duquesne Dukes. Larry Hunter served as head coach of Ohio from 1989–2001, compiling a winning percentage of.580 (204-148). His teams made one NCAA Tournament appearance in 1994, an NIT appearance in 1995, and won the Pre-Season NIT in 1994. Despite his record as coach of the Bobcats, Hunter was relieved of his duties in 2001 for a lack of postseason success. Today, Hunter is head coach of the Western Carolina Catamounts.  Ohio's head coach from 2001 to 2008 was Tim O'Shea. Coach O'Shea resigned on Monday June 23, 2008, in order to become the head coach of Bryant University in Rhode Island. Coach O'Shea had arrived at Ohio in 2001 after 4 seasons as an assistant coach at his alma mater, Boston College. He came to Athens on March 29, 2001 and vowed to take the Ohio men's basketball program to what he called the "next level". This next level was realized in 2005 as he led to Bobcats to a 21-11 record, a MAC Tournament Title, and an NCAA Tournament appearance in which 13 seed Ohio nearly upset 4 seed Florida. O'Shea's 2005–2006 team proved successful as well, posting a 19-11 record with wins over teams such as Rhode Island and Samford, and a close loss to Kentucky. The 2006–2007 team also posted 19 wins, with a final record of 19-13. A 20 win campaign was had in the 2007–2008 season, including notable non-conference wins over Maryland, St. John's, George Mason, and Bucknell. The team was extended an invite to the College Basketball Invitational, where the Bobcats advanced to the second round. On June 27, 2008, former Ohio State Buckeyes associate head coach John Groce was named the sixteenth head coach in Bobcats history. Groce brings fourteen years of assistant coaching experience to Athens, along with a pair of outright Big Ten regular-season titles, two NCAA Tournament appearances, a berth in the 2007 NCAA National Championship game and the 2008 NIT title.  On March 18, 2010, the men's basketball program recorded a 97-83 blowout of the Georgetown Hoyas. The upset marked the first time in NCAA tournament history that a fourteen seed defeated a three seed by double digits. Ohio defeated 4th seeded Michigan in the 2012 Tournament. They followed up the 2012 victory over Michigan with a 62–56 win over 12th seeded South Florida, reaching the Sweet Sixteen for the first time since 1964. On March 28, 2012, John Groce left the program to coach at the University of Illinois. He was replaced by Texas Christian University head coach Jim Christian on April 3, 2012. Christian became Ohio University's highest paid faculty member in school history, having a base salary of $425,000 a year. He was replaced two years later on the same day after he got a coaching job at Boston College by Saul Phillips. Phillips was the head coach of North Dakota State.

Women's basketball.

The Bobcats have won three MAC Tournaments (1986, 1995, 2015) since beginning play in 1973 and starting MAC play in 1982. They have reached the NCAA Tournament in those three championship years. Their current coach is Bob Boldon.

Cross country.

The men's and women's teams are now coached by Clay Calkins, Mitch Bentley, and Nick Pero. The Ohio Bobcats’ women's cross country team competes at Goldsberry Track in Athens, Ohio. The current head coach of the cross country and distance team is Mitch Bentley. Bentley is an alumnus of Ohio University, graduating with his bachelor's degree in geology in 1985. While on the team, he set two school records for the outdoor 10,000 meters (29:57.50) and the indoor 5,000 meter race. He is a four-time varsity letter winner in cross country and track, earning two All-MAC honors for cross country, indoor, and outdoor track. He began his university coaching career in 2003. The teams were previously coached by Elmore "Mo" Banton, a widely-known coach who became Ohio's first African American head coach in 1980 and stayed with the program for over twenty years. Many cross country runners also run for the track team in the spring, forming the core of the distance runners. The runners were greatly affected by the loss of the Men's Track program in 2007.

Men's cross country.

The Ohio Men's Cross-Country program claims MAC titles from 1962, 1964, and 1996. Recently, distance athlete and Ohio's former Director of Compliance Craig Leon became a qualifier to the U.S. Olympic Trials for the marathon in Eugene, Oregon. Leon finished 10th at the 2013 Boston Marathon, the same race during the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing. Since the 2007 track team elimination, the cross-country squad competes in mid- and long-distance events each Spring as the Club Track Team at the annual Wake Forest University track meet.

Women's cross country.

The women's cross country team has been highly successful. Between 1980 and 2014, Ohio has had the top female runner in the MAC 7 times. During this time, four females have been named the first runner up for the best female athlete in the MAC. In 2013, Juli Accurso, became the first female runner in the MAC to win three consecutive conference titles. The women's cross country team has won the MAC Championship a total of 10 times, in the years 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2006, and 2007.

Football.

Ohio Bobcats football began in 1894 with an 8-0 loss to Marietta College. Since that day, the Bobcats have posted a 498-516-48 record over their 112-year existence and a 202-243-11 record over their 60 years in the Mid-American Conference.  Peden Stadium, built in 1929, is the oldest football venue in the MAC and among the oldest in the nation. Located on the south of Ohio University's campus in Athens, the venue has a seating capacity of 24,000. In 2010, Peden Stadium was designated an official Ohio Historical landmark site after a university alumnus, Michael A Massa, advanced the idea to Ohio University and State of Ohio officials. Many recent renovation and expansion efforts have allowed the stadium to keep pace with the ever-changing landscape of college football stadiums. As such, Peden Stadium is nicknamed "The Wrigley Field of College Football". The historic stadium brought its largest crowd on September 8, 2012, when 25,893 fans were in attendance to watch the Bobcats decisively beat the New Mexico State Aggies by a score of 51-24. This mark overtook the previous record set on September 5, 2009, when 24,617 fans were in attendance to watch the Bobcats drop a 23-16 decision to the Connecticut Huskies. The third largest crowd came on September 9, 2005, when 24,545 fans watched the Bobcats defeat the Pittsburgh Panthers 16-10. The fourth largest crowd was on September 17, 2011, when 24,422 fans watched the Bobcats defeat the Marshall Thundering Herd 44-7 in the Battle of the Bell. Ohio is consistently one of the attendance leaders in the Mid-American Conference.  The Bobcats have won five MAC Football championships in 1953, 1960, 1963, 1967, and 1968, and MAC East Division championships in 2006, 2009, and 2011. Prior to joining the MAC, the Bobcats won six Buckeye Athletic Association championships in 1929, 1930, 1931, 1935, 1936, and 1938. In 1960, the Bobcats were crowned National Small College Champions after compiling a 10-0 record under Coach Bill Hess. The Bobcats have appeared in six bowl games, losing 15-14 to West Texas State in the 1962 Sun Bowl, losing 49-42 to Richmond in the 1968 Tangerine Bowl, falling 28-7 to Southern Mississippi in the 2007 GMAC Bowl, losing 21-17 to Marshall in the 2009 Little Caesars Pizza Bowl, and losing to Troy in the 2010 New Orleans Bowl, 48-21, before finally winning a bowl game in the 2011 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl against Utah State, 24-23.  Some of Ohio's notable football coaches include Don Peden, Bill Hess, Jim Grobe, and current head coach Frank Solich. Peden coached from 1924–1946, compiling a 121-46-11 record, good for a winning percentage of.711 that still stands as the best ever for an Ohio football coach. Peden's teams won a total of 6 Buckeye Athletic Association Championships in his tenure and left a lasting mark on the program when the Bobcat's football stadium, Peden Stadium, was named in his honor following his retirement. Bill Hess's time at Ohio was equally impressive. Coaching from 1958–1977, Hess had a 108-91-4 record, giving him a winning percentage of.542 that is second only to Peden on Ohio's all-time list. Coach Hess's teams won 4 MAC Championships, participated in 2 bowl games, and won a National Small College Championship in 1960 after having an undefeated season. Former Ohio coach Jim Grobe took the helm of the Bobcats program in 1995, inheriting a squad that winless in the previous season. Grobe quickly turned the program around, as his teams went 8-3 in 1997 and 7-4 in 2000. Coach Grobe had a 33-33-1 record in his time at Ohio, good for a.500 winning percentage that is fourth among all Ohio football coaches. After the 2000 football season, Grobe took a job as head football coach at Wake Forest University.  Frank Solich was named the 28th football coach of the Bobcats on December 16, 2004. Prior to coming to Ohio, Solich spent many years as a part of the University of Nebraska football program, as a player, an assistant coach, and later as the head coach. Solich was head coach of the Cornhuskers from 1998–2003 where he directed Nebraska to 6 consecutive bowl games, including the national championship game in the 2002 Rose Bowl. Solich's impact on the Ohio program was immediate, as plans were put in place to renovate Ohio's football facilities and increase financial support for the football program. Also, Ohio was selected to appear on national television 6 times for the 2005 football season, a record for the program. Frank Solich's first home game as coach of Ohio was a memorable one, as Peden Stadium brought in its largest ever crowd to watch the Bobcats defeat the University of Pittsburgh Panthers 16-10.  Under the guidance of Frank Solich, the Ohio football program has enjoyed a return to national prominence. On November 16, 2006 the Bobcats secured their first-ever MAC East Division title and their first football championship of any sort since 1968 with a victory over the Akron Zips. They then advanced to the MAC Championship Game in Detroit, where they were defeated by Central Michigan 31-10. On January 7, 2007, the Bobcats acted as the MAC representative in the GMAC Bowl in Mobile, Alabama, losing 28-7 to the University of Southern Mississippi Golden Eagles in a game nationally televised on ESPN. The Bobcats followed up the 2006 campaign with a 6-6 record in 2007, and was one of six bowl eligible programs that was not invited to post-season play. The Bobcats returned to the post-season in 2009, posting a 9-3 regular season record and another MAC East Championship. Ohio played in the MAC Championship Game, where they fell to Central Michigan 20-10. On December 26, 2009, the Bobcats fell 21-17 to the Thundering Herd in the Little Caesars Pizza Bowl.

Golf.

The Ohio Bobcats golf teams are two of the only teams in the MAC that possess their own golf course. Both the men's and women's teams have several notable victories in national tournaments and compete at regular matches across the country.

Men's golf.

Through the 2014 season, the men's golf team has won 18 MAC tournament titles: 1951–55, 1957–61, 1963–65, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1979–80 (1954 co-champions with Kent State). PGA Tour golfer Dow Finsterwald is among the Ohio golf program's famous alumni.

Ice Hockey.

Ohio has had a men's ice hockey team for over 60 years and won four Division I ACHA titles. The Bobcats briefly fielded an NCAA Division I program in the early 1970s but dropped their program down to club status in 1973.

Volleyball.

Ohio's volleyball team has been steadily increasing national prominence: Under the direction of Coach Geoff Carlston, the team won five consecutive Mid-American Conference regular season championships from 2003 to 2007, and 4 consecutive MAC tournament titles from 2003 to 2006. The team has appeared in the NCAA Tournament every year since 2003, and made the "Sweet 16" of the NCAA tournament in 2005. Following the end of the 2007 season, Coach Geoff Carlston moved on to take the head coaching position at Ohio State University, with Ohio naming former Florida assistant Ryan Theis to the vacant head coaching position. Under the direction of Theis, the Bobcats have won 2 MAC regular season titles and have recorded 2 NCAA Tournament appearances.  The 2014 season was highly successful, with Deane Webb as their new head coach. Overall, the team went 23-6 on the season and remained undefeated in the MAC for the fourth time ever, their first since 2006. They won the MAC East Division title for 12th time and won the MAC regular season title for the second year in a row, their ninth overall. Their junior setter, Abby Gilleland, won the MAC Player of the Year, MAC Setter of the Year, and First Team All-MAC honors for the second year in a row. Meredith Ashy, also a junior, was the first player in Ohio Bobcats history to receive the MAC Defensive Player of the Year award, as well as being named First Team All-MAC selection. Graduating senior Kelly Lamberti capped her career off as one of two players to receive four First Team All-MAC honors.

Swimming and diving.

Ohio's women's swimming and diving team has won 11 MAC championships in 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2008 and 2011. This is more than any other women's swimming and diving program in the conference. The team competes in The Ohio University Aquatic Center, one of the finest swimming and diving facilities in the conference. The OUAC has hosted many Mid-American Conference Championship meets. Paul Anastacio is considered their best men's swimmer ever.

Soccer.

Women's soccer at Ohio University began in 1997 under head coach Wendy Logan. Logan won the MAC Coach of the Year award in 1997, then led the team to their first regular season MAC champion title in 1998. In 2000, Stacy Strauss took over the head coach position and remained until 2012. During this time, Strauss led the 2001 and 2004 teams to become the MAC regular season champions. The Bobcats have never won the MAC tournament, though their record is 7-14.  The current head coach is Aaron Rodgers, who took over the program in 2013. He was the former Kentucky Wildcats assistant coach. In his first two seasons at Ohio University, he has led the team to a combined record of 33-0-0.

Track and field.

The current head coach of the program is Clay Calkins, a 1995 graduate of Malone University. Calkins was born and raised in East Sparta, Ohio and had success in hurdles, pole vault, and jumps. After accepting the position in June 2003, Calkins led the men's track and field teams to 4 years of success, only ending because of the 2007 Title IX legislation, which eliminated a total of 4 teams. Under his coaching, the numerous female athletes have become MAC and Regional Champions, as well as multiple national qualifiers.  The team as a whole has won the MAC Championship in 1983, 1984, and 1994. Ohio's coach Diane Stamm won the MAC Women's Track Coach of the Year in the years 1982, 1983, 1984. In 1994, Elmore Banton, Ohio head coach, became the most recent coach from the Bobcats to win the award.

Wrestling.

The Ohio University wrestling program's inception was in 1919, when Thor Olson, the so-called "Granddaddy of Collegiate Wrestling", coached the very first Bobcat varsity wrestling team to a 1-1 record. The first of its kind at any university or institution in the state of Ohio, that wrestling team established a tradition that has continued under the leadership of past coaches like Fred Schleicher and Harry Houska. Present coach Joel Greenlee is entering his 17th season as the head coach of the Bobcat wrestling program after helping five individuals earn bids for the 2013 NCAA Wrestling Championships. Recent Bobcat standout wrestler Jake Percival was at the 2004 NCAA meet, less than 40 seconds away from becoming Ohio's fifth national champion, but a late two-point reversal by Stanford's Matt Gentry in the 157-pound finals resulted in a second-place finish for Percival as the Bobcats placed 25th in the country under the guidance of Greenlee. Percival, the three-time MAC Wrestler of the Year, became the first four-time All-American in MAC history with a third-place finish at nationals in 2005. During his senior season, the Elyria native passed Enright (115-31) and Gardner (122-26) to become the school's all-time wins leader. He ended his career with a 142-10 record, including 18-6 in the NCAA Tournament, 113-4 during the regular season and a 17-0 mark in the conference. Ohio University wrestling home dual meets and tournaments take place in the Convocation Center located on campus.

Other teams.

MAC Championships in parentheses:

Athletic eliminations.

On January 25, 2007, then-Athletic Director Kirby Hocutt announced the elimination of four varsity sports at Ohio University. Those sports include: men's swimming and diving, men's indoor track, men's outdoor track and women's lacrosse. The decision was announced without any advance warning to the student athletes involved causing major tension between the student body and the administration. The Athletic Department later revealed that the money saved would be reinvested in forcible sports.

Traditions and history.

For the 2004 bicentennial biography of the university, the institution commissioned a book documenting the university's history. Betty Hollow's bicentennial publication "Ohio University: The Spirit of a Singular Place" describes many historical events in the university's athletic program.  In her book, Hollow records that Frank Super, the son of university president Charles W. Super, took time from his electrical engineering studies to quarterback Ohio's first gridiron squad in 1894. Local businesses and "sympathizers", or fans, sported light-blue decorations and ribbons to show their support. Not only two years later, in 1896, did Ohio teams adopt green and white as school colors, chosen by the student body's vote. Hal Rowland, a former student, won the $10.00 contest to put forward the idea of a nickname that exemplified the team's tenacity and fighting spirit best: the Bobcat was born. Women's sports had advanced over many years at Ohio University, starting originally as the tennis club and participation in the field day, where women could only compete in the baseball throw. The football team was invited to meet U.S. President Herbert Hoover at the White House in 1932. Despite wide acclaim, football's legacy at the university is presently out-shined by Bobcat baseball.  Number "54" is the only number ever retired at Ohio University. It belonged to Frank Baumholtz, a two-sport star and one of the few athletes ever to play two professional sports. Baumholtz and men's basketball head coach W. J. "Dutch" Trautwein led the Cats to the 1941 National Invitational Tournament championship, building upon standards established by Butch Grover during his 16-year run as head coach from 1922 to 1938. Larry Hunter is one on a distinguished list of coaches that also includes Jim Snyder, whose twenty-five seasons produced 355 wins, conference crowns, and NCAA and NIT appearances. Baumholtz signed with the Cincinnati Reds in 1941. Bob Wren, a Bobcat infielder, was named coach in 1949 and in his twenty-three seasons his teams won almost 500 games, never suffering a losing season. Future major leaguers like Phillies's Hall of Famer Mike Schmidt fueled Wren's powerhouse ballclubs. In fact, the 1970 team with Schmidt and future coach Joe Carbone as players advanced all the way to the College World Series, upsetting Southern California in the first round.  Instrumental within the university administrators building equal opportunities for women through increased spending and scholarship support was Peggy Pruitt, who retired in 2001. Building upon a tradition that has produced such stand-outs as Anita Corl Miller-Huntsman, Shelly Morris's field hockey team earned a MAC championship and an NCAA appearance in 2001. Wendy Weeden Devine, 1974, became the first woman inducted into the Ohio University Athletic Hall of Fame. An Ohio All-American and 1964 NCAA cross-country champion, Elmore "Mo" Banton led the cross-country and track and field teams as a coach to many MAC championships and NCAA highlights. Retiring in 1972, baseball's Coach Wren gave way to Jerry France, who coached future World Series skipper Bob Brenly of the Arizona Diamondbacks. France won almost 400 games, and his successor Joe Carbone added another 400 victories to the tradition.  "Sporting News" ranked Ohio University thirty-second in the nation for overall achievement in 2001, ahead of such powerhouses as Florida State, Iowa, Kentucky, Georgia Tech, and Kansas.

The Marching 110.

Ohio's marching band is The Ohio University Marching 110. On October 28, 1976, the Marching 110 became the first marching band in history to perform at Carnegie Hall. The Marching 110 performed in Bill Clinton's first inaugural parade through Washington, D.C., in 1992 when Clinton personally asked his campaign chairman, alumnus David Wilhelm, for the band to march and perform to throngs of thousands of Americans greeting the new first family. The band has also performed at many professional football games and has taken part in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in 2000 and 2005. Called "The Most Exciting Band in the Land", the band is widely regarded as one of the best in the nation and was ranked by Link Magazine in 1996 as one of the Top 10 college marching bands in the nation. They perform at every Ohio home football game.

Athletic traditions.

Many of those traditions are associated with athletics events on campus. Ohio traditions include:

Varsity Ohio.

Varsity Ohio is the exclusive organization for student-athlete alumni, and sponsors the annual all-sports reunion during the week of Homecoming, with athletics alumni flying in from around the world.

Arenas and facilities.

Ohio's athletic facilities and the teams that utilize them are as follows:

Kermit Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame.

The Kermit Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame was established in 1965. Inductees to the Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame are inducted during banquet ceremonies the evening prior to a designated home football game. Inductees are also recognized during a special halftime ceremony at the football game the following day. A portrait and accomplishments are displayed in the Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame located in the Convocation Center.

Department administration.

Jim Schaus was named the new Director of Athletics at Ohio University by President Roderick J. McDavis on April 7, 2008. Before accepting the job at Ohio, Schaus served in the same capacity at Wichita State University for 9 years. Schaus replaced Kirby Hocutt, who took the Director of Athletics position at the University of Miami. On June 4, 2019, Schaus announced that he is leaving Ohio to be the Commissioner of the Southern Conference.  Ohio's senior staff includes: Amy Dean (Senior Associate AD/Administration & Sport Programs), Michael Stephens (Associate AD/External Operations), Lauren Ashman (Associate AD/Compliance), Randee Duffy (Associate AD/NCAA Eligibility & Student Athlete Success), Ryan White (Associate AD/Development), Tim Knavel (Associate AD/Business Operations) and Matt Molde (General Manager Ohio IMG Sports Marketing).

Fieldhouse.

Between 2011 and 2012, the University sponsored a select committee for leveraging talks for an indoor, multipurpose center. The building was dedicated after nearly five years of planning on August 26, 2014.

Academic Center.

In 2014, the Department of Intercollegiate Athletics and affiliated groups began a fundraising drive for a state-of-the-art study wing at Peden Stadium due to crowded interior space.

Radio network.

The official radio home of the Ohio Bobcats is the Ohio IMG Sports Network. The first MAC network to reach into Columbus, the Ohio IMG Sports Network continues to serve the university's alumni base and fans in other parts of southeastern Ohio and parts of northern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky. The radio voice of the Bobcats is Russ Eisenstein with Rob Cornelius as color analyst for Bobcat football and men's basketball and Tom Hodson as the football sideline reporter.  The network features 13 radio affiliations throughout southeast and central Ohio, and into West Virginia:

The Ohio Bobcats are the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Ohio University, located in Athens, Ohio, United States. Ohio University is a charter member (1946) of the Mid-American Conference (MAC), is currently in the East Division of that conference, and sponsors teams in six men's and ten women's NCAA sanctioned sports. The football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), the highest level for college football.

Die Ohio Bobcats sind die Sportteams der Ohio University. Die 15 verschiedenen Sportteams nehmen an der NCAA Division I als ein Mitglied der Mid-American Conference in der East Division teil.


Early life.

Harry was born in New York City, as the son of German immigrants. His father, Ernst Henrich, was a hotelkeeper at Fraunces Tavern. At age sixteen, Harry won his first rowing race around Ellis Island. At eighteen, he gained fame as the best all-around athlete in New York. He was educated at the Mechanics Institute School and graduated in 1854.  Harry enlisted in the Union Army in May 1861 and fought in the Civil War. He was the unofficial boxing champion of his regiment. Harry was wounded in the foot at the Battle of Antietam in 1862, and he almost lost a leg when he was shot at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in 1864. After he recovered, Harry left the army to focus on athletics. In 1876, he wed Mary Carroll, an exceptional swimmer and weightlifter and one of the first women to ride a bicycle in the United States.

Career.

Harry was the first recorded national winner of the 100 yard dash in America in 1871. In 1873, he won the gymnastic and all-around athletic title. Harry was the first recorded national shot put champion in 1876. In 1878, he was the first heavyweight boxing champion in America, recording the first official knockout at Madison Square Garden. Harry was considered one of the strongest men of his time.  Harry, his longtime friend William Buckingham Curtis, and John C. Babcock were the three principal founders of the New York Athletic Club (N.Y.A.C.) in 1868. Harry was the first Treasurer of the club, and he was captain of the N.Y.A.C. track team in 1873. In 1878, Harry and Curtis helped found the Amateur Athletic Union, which eventually became the U.S. Olympic Committee.  Around 1880, Harry and Curtis also started the Fresh Air Club, encouraging open river ice skating and strenuous multiple-day hiking excursions. The Fresh Air Club was incorporated in 1890, making it the oldest walking club in New York., and Harry served as President of the club in 1900.  In 1900, Harry was elected as President of the National Skating Association, a forerunner to US Speedskating. He was a judge and referee in the 1904 St. Louis Olympics. In 1912, Harry carried the American flag as the only invited guest to accompany the American athletes into the Stadium at the Stockholm Olympic Games. After returning from Stockholm, Harry marched in the Welcome Home Parade as an honored guest and the oldest athletic champion in America.  The "Buermeyer 500" race was created in New York City in 1915 to commemorate him as one of the city’s most recognized athletes, and the race was held annually for over 40 years after his death. In his honor, the N.Y.A.C. for several years held an annual "Buermeyer Cup", where a trophy was awarded to the best gunner at 50 targets scratch.

Henry Ernest (Harry) Buermeyer II (August 19, 1839 – October 10, 1922) was an American athlete in the late 1800s and is considered a "father of American athletics" due to his major contributions towards the growth of amateur sports throughout North America. James Edward Sullivan described him as “one of the strongest athletes the world ever had”. After being wounded in the legs twice in the Civil War, Harry won numerous national championships in swimming, running, shot put, and boxing, and he was an avid rower and weightlifter throughout his life.

Henry Ernest „Harry“ Buermeyer II (19. August 1839 in New York City – 10. Oktober 1922 ebenda) war einer der berühmtesten amerikanischen Sportler der 1880er Jahre und gilt als „father of American athletics“, da er den Amateursport in Nordamerika entscheidend geprägt hat. James E. Sullivan beschrieb ihn als einen der stärksten Sportler aller Zeiten. Sein Vater Ernst stammte aus Buer (Melle). Nachdem Henry im Sezessionskrieg zweimal an den Beinen verwundet wurde, gewann er verschiedene amerikanischen Meisterschaften in Schwimmen, Laufen, Kugelstoßen, Boxen, Rudern und Gewichtheben.