Career.

Ralph Grey was born in Wellington, New Zealand, on 15 April 1910 the only son of Francis Arthur Grey and Mary Wilks Spencer. He attended Wellington College before going up to University College, Auckland where he graduating as LLB. He then pursued postgraduate studies at Pembroke College, Cambridge and thereafter was called to the Bar. He began his legal career as a clerk before practising as a barrister. He was appointed a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in 1932. He joined the Colonial Administrative Service in 1936, as a probationer. The following year he was an administrative service cadet at Lagos in Nigeria. In 1944 he married Esme Mae, daughter of Albert Victor Kerry Burcher, of Remuera, Auckland (widow of Pilot Officer Kenneth Kirkaldie, REFVR).  After World War II, he was promoted Assistant Financial Secretary in 1949. Two years later, he was an Administrative Officer First Class, quickly moving up to Deputy Secretary. He was appointed an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1951. He was Secretary to the Governor-General and General Council of Ministers in 1954, and Chief Secretary of the Federation the following year. Two years later he was raised up as Deputy Governor-General until just before independence in 1959. Grey was appointed a Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (CMG) in 1955 and a Knight Commander (KCMG) in 1959. He was first appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in 1956. Grey was transferred to British Guiana as Governor and Commander-in-Chief for five years. As befitted a Governor he was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (GCMG) in 1964. when he was moved to the Bahamas in the identical post for two years. Then he transferred to the Turks and Caicos Islands until 1968. That year Grey became Governor of Northern Ireland during the period of civil rights marches and increasing levels of street violence. The IRA announced a 'bombing campaign' against British rule which reached new intensity in 1971–72. In the depths of an economic recession, local government was suspended; Northern Ireland was subjected to Direct Rule from Westminster, and Lord Grey of Naunton was recalled. During the same period he was President of the Scout Council of Northern Ireland. From 1970 Grey was appointed Chairman of the Chartered Institute of Secretaries of Northern Ireland, supporting industry as an Honorary Member of the Chambers of Commerce and Honorary President of the Lisburn Chamber of Commerce. From 1970 he was also an Honorary Bencher of the Inns of Court for Northern Ireland.  Lord Grey of Naunton was the last Governor of Northern Ireland until 1973, having been appointed on 31 July 1968. When the post was abolished in 1973, he was promoted Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO). At the same time he was Knight Commander of Ards, then Bailiff of Egle from 1975, until appointment as Lord Prior of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (1988–91).  The family lived in Gloucestershire among the rolling Cotswold hills at Overbrook in the village of Naunton, which provided the territorial designation of his peerage title. He was a Council member of Cheltenham Ladies College, where his daughter, Amanda, was educated. As well as regional commitments to Lloyds Bank he served on its board in Bristol during 1970s. Lord Grey served as Chairman of the Central Council of the Royal Overseas League (1976–81). He was Chancellor of the New University of Ulster from 1980, and then from 1984 to 1993, he was Chancellor of the University of Ulster. He received an honorary doctorate from the National University of Ireland (the NUI) in 1985. Meanwhile, the University of Ulster awarded Honorary Doctorate of Literature and Doctorate of Science in the space of five years.  In retirement Grey was invited to be admitted to Gray's Inn. He was Grand President of the Royal Overseas League in 1993, Chairman of its General Council, but had been President since 1981.

Family.

Lady Grey of Naunton died on 22 March 1996; he and his wife had three children:

References.

Ralph Francis Alnwick Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton, (15 April 1910 – 17 October 1999) was the last Governor of Northern Ireland. He was created a Life Peer as "Baron Grey of Naunton, of Naunton in the County of Gloucestershire", on 17 September 1968.

Ralph Francis Alnwick Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton (* 15. April 1910 in Wellington, Neuseeland; † 17. Oktober 1999 in Naunton, Gloucestershire) war ein britischer Kolonialbeamter und der letzte Governor of Northern Ireland (Gouverneur von Nordirland).


Life and work.

Carlos Páez Vilaró was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1923. He took up drawing in 1939 and relocated to Buenos Aires, where he worked as a printing apprentice in the industrial Barracas section of the Argentine capital. Returning to Montevideo in the late 1940s, he developed an interest in Afro-Uruguayan culture. Settling in Montevideo's primarily black neighbourhood of "Mediomundo" ("Half-World"), he studied the Candombé and Comparsa dances characteristic to the culture.  He composed numerous musical pieces in the two genres and conducted an orchestra. His group's congas and bongos were decorated with their leader's own thematic drawings, as well. His interest in the culture later led him to Brazil, home to the western hemisphere's largest population of African descent. Páez Vilaró was invited to exhibit some of this work by the Director of the Modern Art Museum of Paris, Jean Cassou, in 1956. He traveled to Dakar, Senegal, later that year – his first visit to Africa.  He was one of the "Grupo de los 8", a movement of Uruguayan artists formed in 1958 together with Oscar García Reino, Miguel Ángel Pareja, Raúl Pavlovsky, Lincoln Presno, Américo Sposito, Alfredo Testoni and Julio Verdie in order to promote new tendencies in painting. In 1960 they were invited by art critic Rafael Squirru to join the international exhibition at the Buenos Aires Museum of Modern Art (of which he was creator and first director) with artists such as Willem De Kooning, Roger Hilton and Lucio Fontana. The experimental tendencies of the Grupo de los 8 have since gained a place of unquestionable relevance not only in the panorama of Uruguayan art but also at an international level, some of their works forming part of museums and collections worldwide.  Increasingly well-known, Páez Vilaró was commissioned in 1959 to create a mural for a tunnel connecting a new annex to the Organization of American States' Washington, DC headquarters, the Pan American Union building. Originally intended to be no more than in length, the completed mural ("Roots of Peace") measured long and nearly high when unveiled in 1960. Extensive damage from humidity prompted the artist to repaint the mural in 1975. He purchased a sea-front property on eastern Uruguay's scenic, then-desolate Punta Ballena in 1958, building a small, wooden lodge that over time became "Casapueblo" ("House-Village"). The sprawling compound, a whitewashed cement citadel reminiscent of Mykonos, was built in stages by the artist to resemble the mud nests created by the region's native hornero birds, and became his home, atelier and museum. Though he resided in Casapueblo - his "livable sculpture" - by 1968, Páez Vilaró continued to add on to the structure, at times creating a room for a particular guest. He later opened a section of Casapueblo to tourism as a hotel.  Páez Vilaró remained active in European and African culture, as well. He remained close with numerous friends from his days in Paris in the late 1950s, particularly Brigitte Bardot and Pablo Picasso, and in 1967, established a film production company ("Dahlia") with the help of European industrialists Gerard Leclery and Gunther Sachs. He traveled in numerous West African nations to make a documentary, "Batouk", with director Jean-Jacques Manigot and poet Aimé Césaire.  The artist's first marriage, to Madelón Rodríguez Gómez, though brief, produced three children. One of them, Carlos "Carlitos" Páez Rodríguez, would later join the Stella Maris College "Old Christians" Rugby team; on 13 October 1972, Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 carrying the team crashed in the forbidding Andes range, between Chile and Mendoza Province, Argentina. Páez Vilaró joined the search and rescue mission for the 45 passengers, of which 16 survived, including his son, with whom he was reunited shortly after their 23 December rescue.  Páez Vilaró experienced difficulties in other areas of his life. He met Annette Deussen, an Argentine tourist, in 1976, and she had his child in 1984. Deussen was married to another man at the time, and the marriage dissolved in 1986; she and Páez Vilaró married in 1989. Her former spouse, however, continued his legal fight for the child for over a decade, even after Páez Vilaró's paternity was established by tests. The matter was ultimately resolved in the Páez Vilarós' favor in 1999.  He continued to create murals and sculptures for various government offices, corporate headquarters, private homes, and other buildings. He created 12 murals in Argentina, 16 in Brazil, 4 in Chad, 3 in Chile, 4 in Gabon, 11 in the United States, and 30 in his native Uruguay, as well as a scattering of works elsewhere in Africa and in the Polynesian islands. He also designed a non-denominational chapel for a cemetery without crosses or headstones in San Isidro, Buenos Aires and rebuilt an abandoned house in nearby Tigre in 1989 in the manner of Casapueblo; he considered the San Isidro chapel his "greatest work". In his last years the artist divided his time between Casapueblo and "Bengala," his Tigre residence.  On 24 February 2014, Páez Vilaró died at the age of 90 at his home "Casapueblo", in Punta Ballena.  His son stated in reaction to his father's death: "I hope he rests in peace. I've never seen a guy who works that much, and I mean it. He worked up until yesterday."

Carlos Páez Vilaró (1 November 1923 – 24 February 2014) was a Uruguayan abstract artist, painter, potter, sculptor, muralist, writer, composer and constructor.

Carlos Páez Vilaró (* 1. November 1923 in Montevideo; † 24. Februar 2014 in Punta Ballena) war ein uruguayischer Künstler, der als Maler, Bildhauer, Schriftsteller, Komponist und Architekt tätig war.


Childhood and early life.

Born January 4, 1838, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Stratton was the son of a carpenter named Sherwood Edward Stratton, son of Seth Sherwood Stratton and Amy Sharpe. Sherwood married his first cousin Cynthia Thompson, daughter of Joseph Thompson and Mary Ann Sharpe. Charles Stratton's maternal and paternal grandmothers, Amy and Mary Ann Sharpe, were stated to be small twin girls born on July 11, 1781/83 in Oxford, New Haven, Connecticut.  Born in Bridgeport to parents who were of medium height, Charles was a relatively large baby, weighing at birth. He developed and grew normally for the first six months of his life, at which point he was tall and weighed. Then he suddenly stopped growing. His parents became concerned when, after his first birthday, they noticed he had not grown at all in the previous six months. They showed him to their doctor, who said there was little chance Charles would ever reach normal height.  By late 1842 (4 years old), Stratton had grown only one inch from when he was six months old. Apart from this, he was a completely normal, healthy child, with several siblings who were of average size. His body was proportionate and functional.

Adoption by Barnum.

Phineas T. Barnum, a distant relative (half fifth cousin, twice removed), heard about Stratton and after contacting his parents, taught the boy how to sing, dance, mime, and impersonate famous people. Barnum also went into business with Stratton's father, who died in 1855. Stratton made his first tour of America at the age of five, with routines that included impersonating characters such as Cupid and Napoleon Bonaparte as well as singing, dancing and comical banter with another performer who acted as a straight man. It was a huge success and the tour expanded.  A year later, Barnum took young Stratton on a tour of Europe, making him an international celebrity. Stratton appeared twice before Queen Victoria. He also met the three-year-old future King Edward VII, at that time the Prince of Wales. In 1845, he triumphed at the Théâtre du Vaudeville (France) in the play "Le petit Poucet" of Dumanoir and Clairville. The tour was a huge success, with crowds mobbing him wherever he went. After his three-year tour in Europe, Stratton began his rise to stardom in the United States. Stratton's fame grew at an astonishing rate, and his popularity and celebrity surpassed that of any actor within his lifetime.  On his return home from his second tour in 1847, aboard the SS "Cambria", he attracted the attention of the explorer John Palliser who "was not a little surprised, on entering the state-cabin, to hear the most unnatural shrill little pipe exclaiming, 'Waiter! bring me a Welsh rabbit'." During the voyage, General Tom Thumb contributed to a collection for the relief of famine victims in Ireland.  Stratton's first performances in New York marked a turning point in the history of freak show entertainment. Prior to Stratton's debut, the presentation of "human curiosities" for the purpose of entertainment was deemed dishonorable and seen as an unpleasing carnival attraction. However, after viewers were introduced to Stratton and performances, he was able to change the perception people held toward freak shows. Stratton's lively and entertaining performances made these types of carnival shows one of the most favored forms of theatrical entertainment in the United States.  From the age of seven, Stratton performed in grand full-length fairytale melodramas under the management of P.T. Barnum. A few of the melodramas that Stratton performed were "Hop O' My Thumb" and the "Seven League Boots". In these melodramas, Stratton was assigned the title role, which he played on multiple occasions. While Barnum sought to capitalize on Stratton's small stature, he also aimed to highlight and showcase his many true gifts as a performer. For example, Stratton was noted to be clever in his acts. In addition, he was a talented actor, singer, dancer and comedian. As a result, certain dramatic critics did not compare his skills to those of the freak show community of which he was a member, but preferred to judge him on his merits as a professional entertainer.  In 1846 he started to grow for the first time since the first few months of his life, but extremely slowly. In January 1851 Stratton stood exactly tall. On his 18th birthday, he was measured at tall. On his 21st birthday he was 86 cm tall. Stratton became a Freemason on October 3, 1862. Stratton, by now tall, was initiated to be a Freemason alongside a man who was.

Marriage and later life.

His marriage in 1863 to Lavinia Warren, also a little person, became front-page news. The wedding took place at Grace Episcopal Church, and the wedding reception was held at New York City's Metropolitan Hotel. The couple stood atop a grand piano at the reception to greet some 10,000 guests. The best man at the wedding was George Washington Morrison ("Commodore") Nutt, another dwarf performer in Barnum's employ. The maid of honor was Minnie Warren, Lavinia's sister. Following the wedding, the couple was received by President Lincoln at the White House. Stratton and his wife toured together in Europe as well as British India, in particular the area that would later become Bangladesh.  Under Barnum's management, Stratton became a wealthy man. He owned a house in the fashionable part of New York and a steam yacht, and he had a wardrobe of fine clothes. He also owned a specially adapted home on one of Connecticut's Thimble Islands. When Barnum got into financial difficulty, Stratton bailed him out. Later, they became business partners. Stratton made his final appearance in England in 1878.  On January 19, 1883, Stratton was staying at John F. Antisdel's Newhall House in Milwaukee when a fire broke out, which Milwaukee historian John Gurda would call "one of the worst hotel fires in American history". More than 71 people died, but Tom and Lavinia were saved by their manager, Sylvester Bleeker.

Death and legacy.

Six months after surviving the Newhall House fire, Stratton died unexpectedly of a stroke. He was 45 years old. Over 20,000 people attended the funeral. P. T. Barnum purchased a life-sized statue of Tom Thumb and placed it as a grave stone at Mountain Grove Cemetery in Bridgeport, Connecticut. When she died more than 35 years later, Lavinia Warren was interred next to him with a simple grave stone that read: "His Wife".  In 1959, vandals smashed the statue of Tom Thumb. It was restored by the Barnum Festival Society and Mountain Grove Cemetery Association with funds raised by public subscription.  The cause of Stratton's extreme shortness is still unknown. X-rays were not discovered until 1895, 12 years after Stratton's death, and the medical techniques of the day were unable to ascertain the pathology (if any) underlying his diminutive size.  Sam Humphrey portrayed General Tom Thumb in the 2017 musical film "The Greatest Showman".

Charles Sherwood Stratton (January 4, 1838 – July 15, 1883), better known by his stage name "General Tom Thumb", was a dwarf who achieved great fame as a performer under circus pioneer P. T. Barnum.

Charles Sherwood Stratton (* 4. Januar 1838 in Bridgeport (Connecticut); † 15. Juli 1883) war ein kleinwüchsiger US-amerikanischer Zirkuskünstler und Schauspieler, der unter dem Namen „General Tom Thumb“ aufzutreten pflegte.


Current situation.

The CERP headquarters is in Brussels (Belgium). The current president of the organization is Mr. Roberto Zangrandi, the head of ENEL European Affairs office in Brussels. Mr. Zangrandi was elected president at the CERP General Assembly that took place in London on 21 June 2008. On 19–20 June 2009 the General Assembly in Vienna discussed the current situation of the organization and, in particular, its stagnation. The confederation's re-launching was proposed.  Following the results of an extended associative marketing campaign conducted after the above mentioned General Assembly aimed at checking whether the national federations of public relations still had interest in such an umbrella organisation, the CERP Board of Directors decided to dissolve it and merge it within the Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management. The decision was taken at the Extraordinary General Assembly that took place on 12 November 2009 in Catania (Italy). The procedure of CERP's winding-up and its incorporation into the Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management is underway and is to be finished in the first part of 2010. As a consequence of the dissolution, the European Confederation of Public Relations will be converted into a study centre and think tank. The new activities will include the positioning of the new body as a Brussels based Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management arm.

History.

The idea of such an organization belongs to a Frenchman Mr. Lucien Matrat; in 1956 he launched an initiative to create a European Committee of Public Relations. Such a committee was formed in Luxembourg the following year by a group of interested individuals, but the organization itself was officially established in Orleans (France) on 8 May 1959 by four founding members – Italy, France, the Netherlands and Belgium. At the very beginning of its existence the organization was called European Center of Public Relations.  The statutes of the organization provided for four working groups: CEDAN, CEDET and CEDAP. CEDAN, that is, the European Conference of National Public Relations Associations, aimed at active members and endeavored to coordinate activities of the national associations in order to reach agreement on professional principles, ethics, and practice. The two remaining working groups were aimed at the professional members: CEDET was meant for anyone involved in research and education whereas CEDAP was the forum for independent advisers and integrated employees.  The official language of the organization was French, but only till 1966 when English was granted this status too.  One of the most important achievements of the organization in those years was approval of Code of Athens (called also Code of Ethics) in 1965 which enjoins public relations practitioners worldwide to respect the Charter of the United Nations and the moral principles of its Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The author of the document, adopted in May 1965 in Athens and amended in Teheran in April 1968, was Mr. Lucien Matrat who launched the idea to establish CERP.  A number of national associations have joined the organization in the coming years. The first to join the founding members in 1959 were Greece and Germany. In 1965 the British Institute of Public Relations became a member of CERP, in 1974 – Danish Public Relations Association. In 1974 the organization counted 13 active members.  From the end of 70s the main CERP’s concern was reaching recognition of the profession and its coordination on the European level. But the main obstacle to the objective, so important for the PR field, was the fact that most European countries in those times were still thinking too nationally, and all the efforts did not go beyond declarations of common aspirations and intentions. However, on 16 April 1978 in Lisbon CERP’s General Assembly officially adopted “Code of Lisbon” – code of professional conduct establishing criteria, standards and obligations for PR practitioners. It consisted of three sections: Section I – Criteria and standards of professional qualification of practitioners bound by this Code; Section II – General professional obligations; Section III – Specific professional obligations (towards clients or employers, towards public opinion and the information media, towards fellow-practitioners, towards the profession). Members from 15 European countries agreed to the document as well as on disciplinary measures in case the code was not respected.  In this period CERP became also more visible on the international scene having acquired consultative status within Council of Europe (1976) and UNESCO (1983), which earned the organization some prestige.  In the meantime a new problem arose. There was more than one national association in some countries, the fact that raised a lot of questions regarding membership right at CERP. In 1979 an important decision was taken: several PR associations from a single country could become members of the organization.  In the second part of 80s, CERP’s complicated structure caused many discussions: its members were divided by two principal visions of CERP’s re-organization. The first group saw the organization as a unique body uniting and representing only the national associations, while another one opted for an organization of individual members. In 1989 CERP sub-divided into separate bodies becoming in such a way a confederation of 22 members (3 individual European professional associations and 19 national associations) that in the coming years were joined by the countries from Eastern Europe. Those 3 organizations emerged from CERP were the following: CERP CONSULTANTS, CERP PRO (Public Relations Officers) and CERP EDUCATION. CERP EDUCATION, however, gave the way to CERP STUDENTS, a fourth autonomous international organization within the Confederation which consequently in 1995 counted 23 full members from 20 different countries and 4 autonomous organizations.  During 1996–1998 further changes occur inside the Confederation: CERP EDUCATION turns CERP EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (CER), CERP PRO practically disappears and CERP CONSULTANTS becomes less active. December 2000 was crucial for the CERP EDUCATION AND RESEARCH: CERP’s sub-division decided to become independent from the Confederation. In such a way EUPRERA was born.  A few years later in June 2004, the CERP STUDENTS members decided on stepping out of the Confederation as well, and, therefore, the European Confederation of Public Relations Students became PRime, The European Association of Public Relations and Communication Students.

Recent activities.

On 16 March 2008 CERP organized a luncheon meeting with Mr. Gerard Legris, Head of Unit (Secretariat General of the European Commission for Transparency, Relations with Stakeholders and External Organizations) to discuss Code of Conduct for Public Affairs and Ethics in communication.  On 21 July 2006 CERP produced Joint response to the European Commission's White Paper on a European Communication Policy. The organization endorsed the EC intention to engage the citizens on the basis of different opinions towards the EU policies and considered crucial to implicate more widely the civil society in the debate on Europe and policy–making process. CERP offered to the European Commission further support and invited it to cooperate.

CERP – European Confederation of Public Relations is a Pan-European organization representing the national public relations and communication associations of Europe. CERP is also the European division of the worldwide organization Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management.

Die Confédération Européenne des Relations Publiques (kurz CERP) war ein 1959 gegründeter, europaübergreifender Dachverband, der nationale Public-Relations-Verbände und -Gesellschaften repräsentierte. Im Jahr 2011 wurde er aufgelöst.


Construction.

The two pressurized water reactors were completed in 1972 and 1973.

Expansion.

In 2002, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) extended the operating licenses for both nuclear reactors from forty years to sixty years. In 2006, FPL informed the NRC that they planned to apply for new units to be built at Turkey Point. FPL filed an initial proposal for increased capacity with the Florida Public Service Commission in October 2007. The proposal was approved by the PSC in March 2008.  FPL also planned to spend about $1.5 billion to increase the capacity of its existing four reactors at Turkey Point and the St. Lucie Nuclear Power Plant by a total of about 400 MW by 2012.  On June 30, 2009, FPL submitted a Combined Construction and Operating License (COL) application for two 1,117-MWe Westinghouse AP1000 reactors (Units 6 and 7). FPL had considered building two 1,550-MWe GE ESBWR reactors.Construction was expected to begin in 2012, with the new units going online in 2017 and 2019. FPL estimated the total overnight costs of the power plants, including first fuel load, at $6.8–$9.9 billion, and the total project cost at $12.1–$17.8 billion. The COLs for units 6 and 7 were authorized by the NRC in April 2018.

Criticism of expansion.

The expansion received criticism from some South Florida mayors over concerns about water usage, insufficient evacuation zones and increased risks from rising sea levels.

Surrounding population.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of, concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about, concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.  The 2010 U.S. population within of Turkey Point was 161,556, an increase of 62.8 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within was 3,476,981, an increase of 15.1 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Miami (25 miles to city center).

Incident history.

May 8, 1974.

A test was performed on all three of the Emergency Feedwater (EFW) pumps serving Unit 3 while the reactor was operating at power. Two of the pumps failed to start as a result of overtightened packing. The third pump failed to start because of a malfunction in the turbine regulating valve pneumatic controller. (ref NRC LER 250/74-LTR) In an ongoing study (ref NRC Commission Document SECY-05-0192 Attachment 2 NRC.gov) of precursors that could lead to a nuclear accident if additional failures were to have occurred, the NRC concluded (as of 24-Oct-2005) that this event at Turkey Point Unit 3 was the fifth highest ranked occurrence.

August 24, 1992.

Turkey Point was directly hit by Hurricane Andrew on August 24, 1992, destroying two raw water tanks and portions of the fire protection systems, draining another raw water tank, partially disabling the fire protection systems, causing severe damage to various non-nuclear structures, and cracking the smokestack for fossil-fueled Unit 1. The smokestack later had to be demolished and rebuilt. It also suffered a total loss of offsite power, requiring the use of the onsite emergency diesel generators for several days. No significant damage was done to the plant's nuclear containment buildings. The plant was built to withstand winds of up to 235 mph (380 km/h), greatly exceeding the maximum winds recorded by most category 5 hurricanes.

March 18, 2017.

On March 18, 2017, an electrical fault occurred in a Unit 3 switchgear room, resulting in the loss of a safety related electrical bus and a reactor trip. Other safety systems functioned as required, ensuring adequate reactor cooling. There was no threat to local residents or the environment, and the alert, the second-lowest Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) emergency declaration, was terminated later that same day. The electrical fault caused an arc flash, resulting in a minor burn of a plant worker who was in the room and was treated at a local hospital. On March 22, 2017, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced that it had initiated a special inspection into the failure of the electrical bus that resulted in the plant declaring an alert.

2008 Florida electricity blackout.

On February 26, 2008, both reactors were shut down due to the loss of off-site power during a widespread power outage in South Florida, affecting 700,000 customers.  At least 2.5 million people were without power. The blackout was initially caused by an overheated voltage switch that soon caught fire in a power substation in Miami, 23 miles away from the plant. The fire occurred at 1:08 PM and caused an automatic shutdown of the power plant. This led to a domino effect that caused outages as far north as Daytona Beach and Tampa. Power was restored by 4:30 PM. The reason this malfunction caused such widespread outages is still under investigation.  Walt Disney World Resort, Orlando International Airport, and Miami International Airport were among the places affected by the outage.  David Hoffman, a nuclear supervisor at Turkey Point, resigned over the incident and was subsequently sued by Florida Power and Light for return of a bonus. Hoffman countersued, claiming he was pressured to restart the reactors while they were in a condition which in his judgment made it unsafe to do so. Upper management wanted the reactors restarted during xenon dead time, which would have led to the operators at the controls having to continuously step control rods to safely manage reactor output.  Florida Power and Light responded to the allegation, claiming Hoffman's suit was "self-motivated".

Ecology.

The site is home to a large wildlife preserve.  Turkey Point has been a contributing force to the reclassification of the American crocodile from endangered to the less serious category of vulnerable.

Cooling canals.

Instead of a cooling tower, the plant has a large five-by-two mile () network of canals covering nearly 6,000 acres. Several problems have arisen from this, including pollution of nearby national parks or water supply, particularly the Biscayne Aquifer, issues with overheating, and radioactive material. Overheating in the canals twice caused the plant to shut down reactors in 2014. In September 2016, a controversial cleanup process began that included injecting hypersaline water deep into the boulder zone beneath the aquifer and/or making some of the unlined canals more shallow. 600,000 pounds of salt gets into the canal system daily, and the saltwater contamination reaches west of the system as well as possibly into Biscayne Bay.

Seismic risk.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Turkey Point was 1 in 100,000, according to an NRC study published in August 2010. The plant is located in an area with the lowest earthquake hazard potential described by the USGS.

Reactor data.

The Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station consists of two operational reactors, and two additional units are planned. In 2019 the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved a second 20-year licence extension for units 3 and 4, the first time NRC had extended licences to 80 years total lifetime.

Name.

Speculation about the name Turkey Point, first known written reference in 1865, suggests that it is because of the presence of the anhinga, or perhaps because of the shape of the land resembling the neck of a turkey.

Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station is a twin reactor nuclear power station located on a site two miles east of Homestead, Florida, United States, next to Biscayne National Park located about south of Miami, Florida near the southernmost edge of Miami-Dade County. The facility is owned by Florida Power & Light.

Das Kernkraftwerk Turkey Point () besitzt zwei Druckwasserreaktoren und liegt in Homestead im US-Bundesstaat Florida, 40 km südlich von Miami.


Life.

Walter Giers lived in Schwäbisch Gmünd since 1960. After school and an apprenticeship in steel engraving, he originally started as jazz musician in 1955. From 1959 to 1963 he studied at the Higher Professional and Technical School for Precious Metals in Schwäbisch Gmünd, and graduated in Industrial Design as Diplom Designer.  1963 he established his own business in Industrial Design "Form and Function" in Schwäbisch Gmünd. In 1992/93 he had a lectureship at the Academy for Design in Karlsruhe and was an associated artist at the Zentrum für Kunst- und Medientechnologie (Center for Art and Media), in Karlsruhe. 1968 he began with the production of artwork on the basis of electronic circuits. From 1985 on he had also been developing lighting concepts for various municipalities, since 1990 in partnership with the designer Berthold Beuthe (*1962 in Backnang).  Walter Giers also worked together with Kurt Weidemann, professor of communication, the jazz musician Wolfgang Dauner and the soundtrack composer Mick Baumeister. In 2003 Walter Giers was rewarded with the Maria-Ensle-Price from the Art Foundation Baden-Württemberg and in 2007 he was honored with the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2011 he received the Cultural Award Baden-Württemberg from the Volksbanken Raiffeisenbanken and the Baden-Württemberg Foundation.

Work.

Walter Giers mostly worked in the field of kinetic, light and sound art. New about his artworks was his innovative idea to integrate electric circuits into art objects, which, apart from the functionality to create sounds and light, also proved to be exquisite design elements. In 1968 he developed his first interactive object, the radio sculpture "Mr. Brabbel". On this object the contemplator could manipulate and influence the object itself by provoking sounds and light effects, what turned out to be the future basic principle for many of his later works.  Furthermore, Giers used other media like laser, video and holography. He also made use of his art to point out various subjects of discussion; such as the environment (wale hunting), conflicts with media (indiscretion in journalism), psychical anomalies (insanity) or the use and abuse of religion. He mostly worked with ambiguities and concealed these problems behind visual attractive façades of acrylic glass, behind which electronic bulbs, neon tubes, lamps, wires, electronic chips, transistors, capacitors and transformers were installed and speakers had been integrated.  But there are also a number of works that are without any deeper meaning or substance, especially those playing with light and sound or varying luminous sources and colours, sometimes accompanied with different tunes and melodies.

Exhibitions and collections.

Giers’ work can be found at a number of museums and collections. For example, in the ‘Städtische Museum Gelsenkirchen’, ‘Zentrum für Kunst- und Medientechnologie (ZKM)’, ‚Städtische Galerie Karlsruhe‘, Museum im Prediger in Schwäbisch Gmünd, ‚Museum für Neue Kunst‘ in Freiburg, at the Ministry for Science, Research and Art of Baden-Württemberg in Stuttgart, ‚Museum Ritter‘ in Waldenbuch, The ‚Collection Conrad Electronics‘ in Hirschau, the collection of the Allianz insurance, the collection of Daimler in Stuttgart and ‘The Marx Collection’ in Berlin. His work was already shown in more than 60 singular and group exhibitions as well as multiple installations, joint activities and conceptions.  On the occasion of his year of death in 2016 the Gmünder Society of Art has presented an exhibition headed "Concept.Coincidence" with numerous art works of Walter Giers.

Walter Adolf Giers (May 10, 1937 in Mannweiler, Germany - April 3, 2016 in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany) was a German light, sound and media artist and a pioneer of electronic art.

Walter Adolf Giers (* 10. Mai 1937 in Mannweiler; † 3. April 2016 in Schwäbisch Gmünd) war ein deutscher Licht-, Klang- und Medienkünstler. Er zählt zu den Pionieren der Electronic Art.


Early life.

Arnold was born in Queens, New York, to a middle-class African-American family. Her mother, Diane, was a sanitation department worker and her father was a police officer. She was raised in the Church of God in Christ. She attended the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts.

Career.

Film and television.

In 1986, Arnold appeared as Crystal, one of the three chorus girls who perform R&B numbers in Frank Oz's film musical "Little Shop of Horrors" (1986) along with future "Martin" co-star Tisha Campbell. Arnold was only sixteen at the time of filming, and her career continued steadily after that, with a role or two almost every year, including the films "How I Got into College" and the Paul Mazursky/Woody Allen collaboration "Scenes from a Mall" (1991). In February 1987 Arnold scored her first big break on television, with a permanent role on the soap opera "Ryan's Hope". Her critically lauded role, as young heroine Zena Brown, landed her a Daytime Emmy Award nomination in 1988. She continued in the role until the series ended in January 1989. Later that year, Arnold was cast as Sharla Valentine, a high-school friend of Emily Ann Sago (played by Liz Vassey) on the ABC-TV daytime drama "All My Children". She continued in the role until 1991.  Arnold's best-known television role was Pamela James on Martin Lawrence's sitcom "Martin" (1992–1997). She also played the recurring role of Nicole Barnes on the sitcom "One on One". In 2000, she was reunited with Martin Lawrence in "Big Momma's House". In 2007, she again reunited with Lawrence (this time as his character's wife) in the big screen road comedy/buddy film "Wild Hogs". In 2003, she appeared in "Civil Brand". Arnold played the role of the matriarch, Rochelle, on the sitcom "Everybody Hates Chris" which premiered in September 2005 and ended in May 2009. In a departure from her known comedic roles, she played the title role in "The Lena Baker Story" (2008), which was about the first and only woman to be executed by the electric chair in Georgia.  Arnold also played the voice of the friend in "The Boondocks", episode "Attack of the Killer Kung-fu Wolf Bitch" which aired in 2007. In 2009, Arnold appeared onstage in "The Wiz" revival at the New York City Center in the part of Evillene, The Wicked Witch of the West. In 2010 she guest starred in the one-hour episode premiere of the Disney XD Original Series "Pair of Kings" as Aunt Nancy, and also reprise her role for one more episode.  Arnold played the best friend of Fran Drescher in the TV Land sitcom "Happily Divorced", which is based on Fran Drescher's real-life marriage and divorce to series co-creator Peter Marc Jacobson.

Personal life.

In 1998, Arnold started her own company of designer headgear called "China Moon Rags". The headbands were Swarovski crystal-embroidered bandanas. Celebrities such as her best friend Michel'le, Tisha Campbell, Janet Jackson, Vivica A. Fox, Regina King, Christina Aguilera and LisaRaye McCoy have modeled and been seen wearing Arnold's designs. When her daughter was born, she stopped production.  Arnold has a daughter, Alijah Kai Haggins (born March 16, 2004), with music producer Carvin Haggins. In an interview with Joan Rivers, Arnold revealed that she had thought she was unable to conceive after bouts with endometriosis.  On August 18, 2012, Arnold married St. Johns Men's Basketball assistant coach and former Golden State Warriors assistant coach DaRico Hines in Honolulu, Hawaii. In January 2016, Arnold's representative confirmed she and Hines were divorcing. The media reported that Hines had been unfaithful to Arnold, having made a sex tape with another woman during their marriage, which was later released to the public without his consent.

Philanthropy.

In 2013, Arnold and her sister created the We Win Foundation, a foundation for people with lupus; her sister, Zenay, has the disease.

Tichina Rolanda Arnold (; born June 28, 1969) is an American actress, comedian, and singer. She began her career as a child actor, appearing in supporting roles in "Little Shop of Horrors" (1986) and "How I Got into College" (1989) before being cast as Pamela "Pam" James on the FOX sitcom "Martin", which she played from 1992 until the show ended in 1997. Arnold also played the family matriarch Rochelle on the UPN/CW sitcom "Everybody Hates Chris" from 2005 to 2009, and portrayed Judi Mann in the TV Land original sitcom "Happily Divorced" from 2011 to 2013. From 2014 to 2017, she played the lead role of Cassie Calloway on "Survivor's Remorse". Since 2018, Arnold currently plays Tina Butler in the CBS sitcom series "The Neighborhood".

Tichina Arnold (* 28. Juni 1969 in Queens, New York City, New York, USA) ist eine US-amerikanische Filmschauspielerin. Bekannt wurde sie durch ihre Darstellung der Rolle von "Rochelle" in der Stammbesetzung der Comedy-Serie "Alle hassen Chris".


Biography.

Butler was born in Virginia, United States.  The Red Devils (originally known as The Blue Shadows) released one album, 1992's "King King". It was produced by Rick Rubin on his Def American record label. The group featured drummer Bill Bateman (of The Blasters), Johnny Ray Bartel on bass, Dave Lee Bartel on rhythm guitar, Paul Size on lead guitar, and pianist Gene Taylor. The Red Devils recorded 22 tracks with Mick Jagger in June 1992, again produced by Rubin, though the tracks were not issued at the time (they have since cropped up on various bootlegs, and one track was officially released on a Jagger compilation on Rhino Records in 2007). The band also backed the actor and sometime musician Bruce Willis, when the action star performed at his Planet Hollywood clubs. The Devils also backed Johnny Cash on music that was not released until after the country singer's death, on the boxed set "Unearthed". Butler also played on Rancid's 1998 album "Life Won't Wait".  After the breakup of The Red Devils, Butler also fronted the band, '13', releasing one self-titled record on Hightone Records in 1997. The original members of '13' included Kid Ramos on guitar, James Intveld on bass, and Johnny Morgan on drums. The recorded release of " '13' " on Hightone Records was produced by Warren Croyle and features Stephen Hodges and Johnny Morgan on drums, Tom Leavey and James Moore on bass, Andy Kaulkin on keyboards, with Alex Schultz, Smokey Hormel, Paul Bryant, and Doug Hamlin on guitar. Butler achieved his greatest fame in Europe, especially the Netherlands, where the 'Lester Butler Tribute Band' still performs.  Butler died of an overdose of heroin and cocaine on May 9, 1998, in Los Angeles at the age of 38. Two of his friends, who were involved in his overdose, were convicted of involuntary manslaughter.

Work with other artists.

Butler played harmonica on "Shake Your Hips" track which appears on the Billy Boy Arnold album, "Back Where I Belong", released on Alligator in 1993. Along with Zach Zunis and Jimmy Rip, Butler played on the King Ernest album, "King of Hearts" which was released in 1997.

Lester Butler (November 12, 1959 – May 9, 1998) was an American blues harmonica player and singer. He achieved fame as the singer and harmonica player for the Los Angeles, California, based blues roots band, The Red Devils

Lester Butler (* 12. November 1959; † 10. Mai 1998 in Los Angeles, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Bluesharmonika-Spieler aus Los Angeles. Bekannt wurde er als Sänger und Harpspieler der Band The Red Devils.


Club career.

Early career.

Castillo began his football career at the local amateur club Santa Bernardina of his natal city Durazno, in where he played in the youth ranks of the team during 1989 to 1997. In 1998, he joined as youth player to Defensor Sporting. In 2001, he was loaned to Huracán Buceo, returning to Defensor the next season. At Defensor, Castillo remained until 2006, playing more than of 100 games for the club.  After good performances in his former club, he moved to most successful club of Uruguay, Peñarol in mid-2006. After a very good spell in the club, for example his nomination to the national team squad for the 2007 Copa América celebrated in Venezuela, among his achievements, in December 2007, was confirmed his move to Brazilian side Botafogo. Castillo signed a two-year contract with the club of Rio de Janeiro that will keep at the team until 2010.

Botafogo.

Castillo joined Botafogo on 2 January 2008 for an undisclosed sum and presented on 6 January. He played in every game that Botafogo won during their success in the Copa Peregrino, against Stabæk and Viking. He helped the club to win the friendly tournament, not conceding goals in the two matches that the club disputed. Thanks for his performances on 22 January 2008, was nominated to the Uruguayan national football team by Oscar Tabárez for a friendly against Colombia on 6 February.  Castillo become of good form the Campeonato Carioca, saving a penalty to Victor Hugo of Friburguense in the 4–1 win of Botafogo, in the first official game of "The wall" for that tournament. Due to his good performances for the Carioca against Flamengo and Fluminense, the biggest rivals of Botafogo, he came to be idolized by the club's fans. In April 2008, he won the Taça Rio, after a 1–0 victory over Fluminense with a goal of Renato Silva in the 84th minute, being this his first title in an international league. However, after the success of Botafogo, his club was eliminated of the Copa do Brasil by Corinthians and the Uruguayan keeper lost his reputation among the fans of the club, due to mistakes that he committed in the second game of the semifinals key. After of this bad moment of the player, was relegated as second choice goalkeeper of Botafogo, being the first keeper Renan, who was contesting the post with Castillo weeks ago.  On 10 May 2008, he made his league debut for Botafogo against Cruzeiro for the second week of the Campeonato Brasileirão, in where the club suffered a 1–0 away defeat at Mineirão Stadium with a goal of Guilherme in the 11th minute. Castillo kept his first clean sheet for Botafogo on his fourth league game against Fluminense in a 0–0 home draw. On 9 October, he suffered a serious knee injury after a match played against Vitória.  Castillo began the 2009 season in winning form with Botafogo, beating Resende in the Taça Guanabara final at Maracanã. The match finished in a 3–0 victory of his team with goals of Reinaldo, Maicosuel and Lucas Silva. He started the Brasileirão's third week away to Grêmio, which ended in a 2–0 loss. Of this form he returned to the titularity in Botafogo's goal after of challenge the post with Renan during weeks ago, receiving also a call-up from his national team for dispute the 2010 World Cup Qualifiers against Brazil and Venezuela.  He started several games consecutive with the coach Ney Franco until his dismissal, but with the arrival of Estevam Soares he preferred to Jéferson in the goal and Castillo again was relegated to the bench. After matchdays in the bench and without add minutes in the field, Botafogo declared that the keeper was put on the transfer list. Months later of this new, the keeper was released of the club and Castillo said that Botafogo lacked respect.

Deportivo Cali.

On 18 December 2009, Castillo had reached an agreement with the Colombian Primera División side Deportivo Cali, putting pen to paper on a one-year deal. On 21 December, the player presented as new keeper of the club during a press conference. His competitive debut came against Deportes Tolima in a 3–1 loss where Jorge Perlaza's netted a hat-trick. However the next game Castillo had a better performance against Millonarios which Cali won 4–1 and then began to reach a well level that allowed him be nominated in the 23-man Uruguayan squad to face the 2010 FIFA World Cup at South Africa.  Following Uruguay's successful World Cup at Africa where they finished in the fourth place, Castillo returned to Cali to face the Torneo Finalización where "Los Azucareros" failed to qualify the playoffs to contest the league title. Not obstant the Uruguayan was a key player in the Copa Colombia title obtention. In the cup final Cali defeat 2–0 to Itagüí Ditaires to earn for first time in the club's history that trophy after failing to win it in 1962, 1963 and 1981.  In December 2010, was reported that Castillo wouldn't renew his contract and following New year celebrations he left Cali's team despite his desire to continue.

Colo-Colo.

Torneo Apertura.

After the transfer saga of Argentina's Tigre keeper, Daniel Islas, on 7 January 2011, was officially announced that Castillo signed a two-year contract with Colo-Colo. In his arrival he was assigned with the kit number 1, previously worn by Francisco Prieto, the club's 2010 first choice keeper marginated by coach Diego Cagna to face the season. At Chilean club, Castillo was reunited with his national team teammate Andrés Scotti and on 9 January joined the club's pre-season in La Serena alongside Colo-Colo's another signing Agustín Alayes where he declared: "It's a joy arrive to the most successful team of Chile", finally adding: "I'll defend this team with much sacrifice and pride". Castillo made his friendly debut against Deportes La Serena in a 1–0 loss with a score of Javier Vatter in the 75th minute. After their stay in La Serena, Colo-Colo continued the pre-season at Santiago and in the following match against Unión Española he stopped a penalty to Sebastián Jaime in a game that finally Colo-Colo won 3–1. On 26 January, during the Noche Alba (Colo-Colo's last pre-season game where presents their signings) he produced a man of the match performance in a 3–2 defeat to Nacional, so that won the recognicement from the press and the fans despite the loss.  On 30 January 2011, he officially debuted in a 2–2 home draw with Cobresal receiving goals from Víctor Osorio and Héctor Pericás. However, on 3 February, Castillo suffered a two weeks injury which he missed the Torneo Apertura second matchday game against Santiago Wanderers that Colo-Colo lost 2–1 with Raúl Olivares in the goal. Not obstant, in his return to Colo-Colo's goal on 18 February he had a poor performance in a 5–1 home loss to Universidad de Concepción that meant the biggest home defeat in the club's history and the worst start of championship since 1989 selling Cagna's firing.  Following Cagna's departure arrived 1991 Copa Libertadores champion Luis Pérez as caretaker, who remained Castillo in the goal. However, despite Pérez's trust in the keeper, he again completed a poor performance and conceded five goals in the Copa Libertadores debut that Colo-Colo lost 5–2 with Cerro Porteño. On 20 February the crisis deepened with Castillo yet on goal after a 2–0 away loss with Unión San Felipe for the local tournament. Finally Colo-Colo won 3–0 to Palestino during Pérez's last caretaking match where Castillo had casual crash with Arab team striker Nicolás Canales which the Uruguayan publicly apologized him in front of the press and then via Twitter. Shortly after Colo-Colo appointed Américo Gallego as club's new coach.  On 2 March 2011, Castillo played in Gallego's first match in the bench that Colo-Colo won 4–2 to Venezuelan Deportivo Táchira for the Libertadores where receive a twice of the Chilean Julio Gutiérrez. The club continued his rise after winning 2–1 to Unión Española at Santa Laura on 6 March where his performance was marred after receiving a 20-yard goal of Kevin Harbottle who chipped Castillo. Ten days later on 16 March for Colo-Colo's third game Libertadores, Castillo played in Colo-Colo's 3–2 home win over Santos at Estadio Monumental which suffered a 35-yard free kick goal of Elano in the 4th minute and forty-four minutes later in the 48th minute Neymar preciosuly eluded the Uruguayan to score the second goal for the São Paulo state-based outfit in a game which Esteban Paredes, Ezequiel Miralles and Andrés Scotti scored for the home. After the continental game Castillo played in a 1–1 draw with Cobreloa that contemplated goals of Paredes for the home and an own-goal of Daúd Gazale to the visitors. However Gallego then relegated Castillo to the bench following Prieto's well performance against Huachipato so that Castillo began to challenge the keeper position with Prieto after a rise status of the last. Following the Uruguayan's relegation, he returned in the 2–1 Libertadores win over Táchira for then play in the derby against Universidad Católica on 20 April which was 1–1 draw where receive another free-kick goal, now from Juan Eluchans. However Castillo was chosen by Gallego to play the Superclásico against Universidad de Chile after an acceptable match in the prior 1–0 win to Santiago Morning at Estadio Nacional, same stadium where would play the Chilean most important derby and the prior elimination of Colo-Colo in the Libertadores after loss 3–2 as home against Cerro Porteño where played Prieto and receive a 27-yard free kick winning goal of Jonathan Fabbro in the 88th minute when Colo-Colo drawing qualify to knockout stage. Finally on 30 April during the derby, Colo-Colo freshly opened the score the 64th minute with Miralles' score but "The Owls" sorted it during the last three minutes with a penalty goal of Gustavo Canales nearly saved by Castillo in the 87th minute and two minutes later after Diego Rivarola's header that sneaked up in the Uruguayan's second post to put the final victory.  However, after playing as home beating 5–1 to O'Higgins, drawing 1–1 with Deportes Iquique to finally defeat Ñublense as visitor 3–2 in Chillán that allowed Macul based-side qualify the playoffs in the 8th place (last position to qualify) where Castillo play all this games only being replaced by Raúl Olivares against O'Higgins in the 73rd minute. Not obstant Colo-Colo was eliminated by Católica in the quarterfinals after loss 4–2 at Monumental and a 1–1 draw at Estadio Nacional of which Castillo played both. On 18 June, once finished the Apertura was reported that Gallego would studying the possibility of Castillo's disappointing of the club to use his foreign bid in a midfielder to face the Torneo Clausura. On 28 June, was announced the 23-man Copa América squad where Castillo and his teammate Scotti were nominated by coach Oscar Washington Tabarez.

Torneo Clausura.

Castillo left the club in December.

Liverpool.

On 16 February 2012, he signed a six-month deal with the Uruguayan side Liverpool de Montevideo. He played a total of 15 matches and became an outstanding player for the club to achieve the qualification to the 2012 Copa Sudamericana.

Querétaro.

On 21 June 2012, he signed a 3-year contract with Mexican Primera División side Queretaro. He made his debut for the club on 21 July 2012 against Club León.

International career.

Castillo's first appearance for Uruguay was in a friendly match against South Africa, in a game that finished without goals. His second game for Uruguay was in a 2–2 draw with Colombia, replacing to Fabián Carini in the second half of the match. After his second presentation for his country, Castillo started in eight games of World Cup qualification, making his debut in a 6–0 win over Peru.  In June 2010, Castillo was named in the 23-man squad of Uruguay for the 2010 FIFA World Cup celebrated in South Africa as the second choice goalkeeper of the national team, being Fernando Muslera the titular goalkeeper. Despite of not making appearances for Uruguay, his team finished fourth in the tournament. The next year, he was nominated in the 23-man of his country for the 2011 Copa América, having the same role during the World Cup in a tournament that Uruguay won.

Juan Guillermo Castillo Iriart (born 17 April 1978) is a retired Uruguayan footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Castillo began his career with the Defensor Sporting youth team and made his Uruguayan Primera División debut in the 1999 season. He was loaned to Huracán Buceo in 2001. However, he soon moved on to Peñarol and made his debut in 2006. After a good spell with Peñarol, two years later in 2008, he joined to Brazilian Série A side Botafogo. In December 2009, he was released of the club and then he moved to Colombian side Deportivo Cali, in where he remained one season, winning the 2010 Copa Colombia. In the next season, he abandoned the club for high costs and then signed a one–season deal with Colo-Colo for play the national tournament and the 2011 Copa Libertadores. However, he had a very regular season and was sacked of the club in December. On 16 February 2012, he joined to Liverpool de Montevideo in the transfer deadline day of the South American football.

Juan Guillermo Castillo, vollständiger Name Juan Guillermo Castillo Iriart, (* 17. April 1978 in Montevideo, Uruguay) ist ein uruguayischer Fußballspieler.


Original ship.

The original "Lagoda" was a merchant ship built in 1826 in the Wanton Shipyard on the North River in what is now Norwell, Massachusetts. The shipyard was owned and managed by shipbuilders Seth and Samuel Foster, and the ship was commissioned by Duxbury merchant Ezra Weston II.  Originally intended to be named ""Ladoga"" after Lake Ladoga in Russia, the letters "d" and "g" were accidentally swapped and, due to superstition that correcting the name would bring bad luck, she remained the ""Lagoda"". The ship's frame was constructed of live oak, and she had 3 masts and weighed 340 tons.  Weston employed the "Lagoda" for about seven years as a merchant vessel in trade with northern European ports. On February 25, 1833, Weston sold the ship to Boston merchant William Oliver. In 1841, she was purchased by Jonathan Bourne Jr. of New Bedford and converted to a whaling ship. The refit included the installation of a trywork, an on-board pair of trypots used to render blubber into whale oil. In 1860, the ship was converted it from full-rigged ship into a bark, which allowed it to be manned with a smaller crew and to sail closer to the wind.  The "Lagoda" was one of the few ships to escape the Whaling Disaster of 1871, an incident in which 40 ships whaling in the Arctic late in the season were surrounded by ice. 33 of the ships were trapped or crushed, but the "Lagoda" was one of the 7 ships that narrowly escaped, and it carried 195 of the 1,219 survivors to safety in Honolulu, Hawaii.  By the time Bourne sold the "Lagoda" in 1886, the ship had generated a profit of about $652,000 (). In 1889, the ship left the US to work as a coal hulk in Japan, being used to fuel steamboats in Yokohama, until she was sold again and eventually broken up in 1899.

Replica.

In 1915, Jonathan Bourne Jr.'s daughter Emily Bourne donated the Bourne Building to the New Bedford Whaling Museum in memory of her father. She also contributed funds to build a half-size model of the "Lagoda", and the museum commissioned shipwrights to build it in 1916. At in length and with a mainmast of, it is the largest whaling ship model in the world. The model is fully rigged and is outfitted with some of the supplies needed for a whaling voyage. The Bourne Building in which the model is located was renovated in 2010, and an interactive kiosk was installed to provide visitors with further information about the ship.

The Lagoda is a half-scale model of the whaling ship "Lagoda", located at the New Bedford Whaling Museum. The original ship was built in 1826, converted to a whaling ship in 1841, and broken up in 1899. The model was commissioned in 1916 and is the world's largest whaling ship model.

Die Lagoda war der erfolgreichste Walfänger ihrer Zeit. Sie war im Besitz der New Bedforder Walfang-Reederei, ursprünglich 1826 als Handelsschiff gebaut wurde sie im Jahre 1841 nach bereits 15 Dienstjahren zum Walfänger umgebaut. Sie war aus dauerhafter Eiche aufgebaut und ihr gedrungener, wannenförmiger Rumpf war genau richtig für den Walfang. In New Bedford wurde sie mit fünf Fangbooten ausgerüstet, die an Davits über die Bordwand hingen. Ihre Takelage wurde von der eines Vollschiffs in einer Bark abgeändert, so dass sie am Besanmast nun Schratsegel führte. Diese Takelung wurde bei Walfängern bevorzugt, da bei dieser Art der Takelung zur Bedienung des Besanmastes niemand aufentern musste, dafür standen dann mehr Seeleute zur Bemannung der Fangboote zur Verfügung. Ihre Bordwände wurden mit einem breiten, waagerechten, weißen Streifen bemalt, unterbrochen von schwarzen Quadraten. Diese Quadrate sahen von weitem wie Geschützpforten aus und dienten zur Abschreckung von Piraten. Von ihrer ersten Fahrt brachte sie bereits die Ausbeute von 2700 Fass Öl und ca. acht Tonnen Fischbein heim. Unter verschiedenen Kapitänen diente sie 50 Jahre lang und brachte in dieser Zeit 31.409 Fass Öl und 121 Tonnen Fischbein ein. Im Jahr 1890 wurde sie so schwer von einem Sturm im Nordpazifik getroffen, dass sie schwer havarierte und mit letzter Kraft Yokohama erreichte, wo sie bis zu ihrer Abwrackung als Bunkerschiff diente.


Mythologies.

"Mythologies" is split into two: Mythologies and Myth Today, the first section consisting of a collection of essays on selected modern myths and the second further and general analysis of the concept. The first section of "Mythologies" describes a selection of modern cultural phenomena, chosen for their status as modern myths and for the added meaning that has been conferred upon them. Each short chapter analyses one such myth, ranging from "Einstein's Brain" to "Soap Powders and Detergents". They were originally written as a series of bi-monthly essays for the magazine "Les Lettres Nouvelles".  In a typical example, Barthes describes the image that has been built up around red wine and how it has been adopted as a French national drink, how it is seen as a social equaliser and the drink of the proletariat, partly because it is seen as blood-like (as in Holy Communion) and points out that very little attention is paid to red wine's harmful effects to health, but that it is instead viewed as life-giving and refreshing — 'in cold weather, it is associated with all the myths of becoming warm, and at the height of summer, with all the images of shade, with all things cool and sparkling.'  In another chapter, Barthes explores the myth of professional wrestling. He describes how, unlike in the sport of boxing, the aim of theatrical stunt fighting is not to discover who will win or 'a demonstration of excellence', it is a staged spectacle acting out society's basic concepts of good and evil, of 'Suffering, Defeat and Justice'. The actors pretending to be wrestlers, like characters in a pantomime, portray grossly-exaggerated stereotypes of human weakness: the traitor, the conceited, the 'effeminate teddy-boy'. The audience expects to watch them suffer and be punished for their own transgressions of wrestling's rules in a theatrical version of society's ideology of justice.

Myth today.

In the second half of the book Barthes addresses the question of "What is a myth, today?" with the analysis of ideas such as: myth as a type of speech, and myth on the wings of politics. Following on from the first section, Barthes justifies and explains his choices and analysis. He calls upon the concepts of semiology developed by Ferdinand de Saussure, who described the connections between an object (the signified) and its linguistic representation (such as a word, the signifier) and how the two are connected. Working with this structure Barthes continues to show his idea of a myth as a further sign, with its roots in language, but to which something has been added. So with a word (or other linguistic unit) the meaning (apprehended content) and the sound come together to make a sign. To make a myth, the sign itself is used as a "signifier", and a new meaning is added, which is the "signified". But according to Barthes, this is "not" added arbitrarily. Although we are not necessarily aware of it, modern myths are created with a reason. As in the example of the red wine, mythologies are formed to perpetuate an idea of society that adheres to the current ideologies of the ruling class and its media.  Barthes demonstrates this theory with the example of a front cover from "Paris Match" edition no. 326, of July 1955, showing a young black soldier in French uniform saluting. The "signifier": a saluting soldier, cannot offer us further factual information of the young man's life. But it has been chosen by the magazine to symbolise more than the young man; the picture, in combination with the "signifieds" of Frenchness, militariness, and relative ethnic difference, gives us a message about France and its citizens. The picture does not explicitly demonstrate 'that France is a great empire, that all her sons, without any colour discrimination, faithfully serve under her flag,' etc., but the combination of the signifier and signified perpetuates the myth of imperial devotion, success and thus; a property of'significance' for the picture.

Myth and power.

Exploring the concept of myth, Barthes seeks to grasp the relations between language and power. He assumes that myth helps to naturalize particular worldviews.  According to Barthes, myth is based on humans’ history, and myth cannot naturally occur. There are always some communicative intentions in myth. Created by people, myth can easily be changed or destroyed. Also, myth depends on the context where it exists. By changing the context, one can change the effects of myth. At the same time, myth itself participates in the creation of an ideology. According to Barthes, myth doesn’t seek to show or to hide the truth when creating an ideology, it seeks to deviate from the reality. The major function of myth is to naturalize a concept, a belief. Myth purifies signs and fills them with a new meaning which is relevant to the communicative intentions of those who are creating the myth. In the new sign, there are no contradictions that could raise any doubts regarding the myth. Myth is not deep enough to have these contradictions; it simplifies the world by making people believe that signs have inherent meaning. Myth “abolishes the complexity of human acts, it gives them the simplicity of essences...”  Why do people believe in myth? The power of myth is in its impressive character. It seeks to surprise the audience. This impression is way more powerful than any rational explanations which can disprove the myth. So, myth works not because it hides its intentions, but because the intentions of myth have been naturalized. Through the usage of myths, one can naturalize “the Empire, [the] taste for Basque things, the Government.”  Speaking of myth and power, Barthes asserts that myth is a depoliticized speech. He uses the term ex-nomination (or exnomination), by which he "means 'outside of naming'. Barthes' point was that dominant groups or ideas in society become so obvious or common sense that they don't have to draw attention to themselves by giving themselves a name. They're just the 'normality', against which everything else can be judged." For example he says, "[the bourgeoisie] makes its status undergo a real "ex-nominating operation": the bourgeoisie is defined as "the social class which does not want to be named"" (italics in original). Myth removes our understanding of concepts and beliefs as created by humans. Instead, myth presents them as something natural and innocent. Drawing upon Karl Marx, Barthes states that even the most natural objects include some aspect of politics. Depending on how strong the political side of myth is, Barthes defines the strong and the weak myths ("des mythes forts et des mythes faibles"). Depoliticization of the strong myths happens abruptly, as the strong myths are explicitly political. The weak myths are the myths which have already lost their political character. However, this character can be brought back by “the slightest thing”. Barthes also provides a list of rhetorical figures in bourgeoisie myths:  The model of semiosis suggested by Barthes seeks to link signs with the social myths or ideologies that they articulate.

Mythologisation and cultural studies.

Barthes refers to the tendency of socially constructed notions, narratives, and assumptions to become "naturalised" in the process, that is, taken unquestioningly as given within a particular culture. Barthes finishes "Mythologies" by looking at how and why myths are built up by the bourgeoisie in its various manifestations. He returns to this theme in later works including "The Fashion System".

Mythologies is a 1957 book by Roland Barthes. It is a collection of essays taken from "Les Lettres nouvelles", examining the tendency of contemporary social value systems to create modern myths. Barthes also looks at the semiology of the process of myth creation, updating Ferdinand de Saussure's system of sign analysis by adding a second level where signs are elevated to the level of myth.

Mythen des Alltags ("Mythologies") ist ein kultursemiotisches Werk des französischen Poststrukturalisten und Semiotikers Roland Barthes aus dem Jahr 1957. Eine deutsche Übersetzung von Helmut Scheffel erschien erstmals 1964 im Suhrkamp Verlag – ohne die Essays. Im Jahr 2010 erschienen die "Mythologies" vollständig in deutscher Übersetzung von Horst Brühmann.


Gameplay.

The gameplay system of "Mortal Kombat II" is an improved version of that from the original "Mortal Kombat". There are several changes in standard moves: a crouching punch was added, low and high kicks have greater differentiation (be they crouching or standing up), roundhouse kicks are made more powerful (knocking an opponent across the screen, like the game's uppercut), and it is easier to perform combos due to reduced recovery times for attacks. Returning characters also gained new special moves, including some to be used in mid-air, and the game plays almost twice as fast as the original.  As with its predecessor, matches are divided into rounds, and the

Plot.

Following his failure to defeat Liu Kang in the previous Mortal Kombat tournament, the evil Shang Tsung begs his master Shao Kahn, supreme ruler of Outworld and the surrounding kingdoms, to spare his life. He tells Shao Kahn that if they hold the next Mortal Kombat Tournament in Outworld, the Earthrealm warriors must travel away from home to attend. Kahn agrees to this plan, and restores

Characters.

Playable characters.

The game includes 12 playable

Non-playable characters.

The game also features three hidden opponents for unlockable fights: Jade (played by Katalin Zamiar), a female ninja clad in green; Noob Saibot (played by Daniel Pesina), a dark silhouetted ninja who is a "lost warrior"

Development.

Game.

According to the project's lead programmer Ed Boon, "Mortal Kombat II" was "intended to look different than the original "MK"" and "had everything we wanted to put into "MK" but did not have time for." In 2012, Boon placed creating the game among his best "Mortal Kombat" memories, recalling: "When we did "Mortal Kombat II", we got new equipment and all that stuff, but it was funny because when we started working on "Mortal Kombat II", the mania, the hysteria of the home versions of "Mortal Kombat I" was literally all around us. We were so busy working on the next one, going from seven characters to 12 and two Fatalities per character and all these other things that that consumed every second." Both the theme and art style of "MKII" were slightly darker than those of its predecessor, although a more vibrant color palette was employed and the new game had a much richer

Characters.

To create the character animations for the game, actors were placed in front of a gray background and performed the motions, which were recorded on videotape (using a broadcast-quality, $20,000 Sony camera instead of the standard Hi8 camera used for the original "Mortal Kombat"). The video capture footage was then processed into a computer, and the background was removed from selected frames to create sprites. Towards the end of the game's development, they opted to instead use a blue screen technique and processed the footage directly into the computer for a similar, simpler process. The actors were lightly sprayed with water to give them a sweaty, glistening appearance, while post-editing was done on the sprites afterward to highlight flesh tones and improve the visibility of muscles, which Tobias felt set the series apart from similar games using digitized graphics. Animations of Shang Tsung morphing into other characters were created by Midway's John Vogel using a computer, while

Release.

The first version of "MKII", revision 1.4, "was effectively a public beta test," featuring few Fatalities and many software bugs; it also lacked the endings for the characters. It took three subsequent revisions to have the moves and finishing moves finalized and all the bugs corrected, also adding additional content, as development had still been in progress for all that time. The final version was revision 3.1, released in January 1994.

Marketing and merchandise.

In conjunction with the release of the arcade game in 1993, an official comic book, "Mortal Kombat II Collector's Edition", written and illustrated by Tobias, was released through mail order, describing the backstory of the game in greater detail. Acclaim Entertainment stated that it "had started "Mortal Kombat II" with a $10 million global marketing campaign" for the home versions. A part of this sum was used to film and air the live-action TV commercial created by David Anderson and Bob Keen. The video featured Scorpion, Sub-Zero, Reptile (with a notably more reptilian appearance), Kitana, Baraka and Shao Kahn, who were played by the same actors as

Home releases.

Since 1994, multiple official ports and emulated versions of "Mortal Kombat II" were released for a wide variety of home systems, including the 8-bit (Game Boy, Master System and Game Gear), 16-bit (Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) and Sega Genesis / Mega Drive) and 32-bit (32X, PlayStation and Saturn) consoles, Amiga and MS-DOS computers, and the PlayStation Network (PSN). The Game Boy, Game Gear, SNES, and Genesis versions were released simultaneously on September 13, 1994, dubbed "Mortal

Reception.

Sales.

"Mortal Kombat II" proved to be an enormous commercial success and even a cultural phenomenon. In the first week of its release, the game made sales to $50 million, which Acclaim Entertainment said was "The largest introduction of a video game in history". Distribution of over 2.5 million copies around 15,000 stores required 65 trucks and 11 jumbo jets.  WMS Industries, owner of Midway at the time, reported its 1993 sales in the quarter ending December 31 rose to $101 million from $86 million and said much of its revenue gain was related to the sale of the arcade version of "MKII". By 1996, the number of arcade machines sold approached 25,000 units; at that time, arcade games that sold 5,000 units were considered strong titles (Midway printed special T-shirts to celebrate 300 machines being manufactured in one day) and an arcade cabinet cost $3,000–4,000. "MKII" was considered an arcade game

Reviews.

The initial critical reception of "Mortal Kombat II" was overwhelmingly positive, with "Sega Visions" describing the way in which the sequel was directed as "sheer brilliance," and "Nintendo Power" calling it "the hottest fighter ever." Tony Brusgul of "The Daily Gazette" opined the "incredible" hype surrounding the game was "well deserved," describing it as "a perfect blend of great graphics, action and violence." In his review of the arcade release, Rik Skews of "Computer + Video Games" ("C+VG") wrote: "the only true rival to "Street [F]ighter II"" returned "in a sequel that bites off the head of the original."  Regarding the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive version, Mark Patterson of "C+VG" wrote that "Probe has done an incredible job with this conversion. Everything is here, and I mean everything." Sushi-X of "Electronic Gaming Monthly" ("EGM") called it

Awards.

"Mortal Kombat II" received numerous annual awards from gaming publications. "Game Players" gave it the titles of "Best Genesis Fighting Game", "Best SNES Fighting Game" and "Best Overall SNES Game" of 1994. The staff of "Nintendo Power" ranked "MKII" as the second (SNES) and fifth (Game Boy) "Top Game" of 1994, while the magazine's readers voted it to receive the 1995's

Controversies.

As in the case of the first "Mortal Kombat" game, the content of "Mortal Kombat II" became the subject of a great deal of controversy regarding violent video games. Nancian Cherry of "Toledo Blade" wrote that both games had "an army of critics too: people upset by the bone-crunching, blood-spurting, limb-ripping violence depicted on the small screen." According to IGN, ""Mortal Kombat II" wore its notoriety as a badge of honor, boasting about it in promotional materials, and even parodying it in-game." The game was banned in Germany, where "MKII" was put in the index by the Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons (BPjM) and all versions of the game except for the Game Boy version were subjected to being confiscated from the nation's market for violating the German Penal Code by showing excessive violence and cruel acts against representations of human beings. Due to regional censorship, the game was also released with green-colored blood and black-and-white fatality sequences in Japan; it was at that time a unique occurrence of a western game being censored in Japan, not the reverse. Years later, Boon recalled: "I've always had the position that the rating

Retrospective.

According to IGN's Leif Johnson, 1994 "was the year of games like "Doom" and "Mortal Kombat II"". Over the following years, multiple publications acclaimed "Mortal Kombat II" as one of the best video games ever. It was ranked as the 97th top game of all time by the staff of "Game Informer" in 2001, as the 38th most important video game of all time by the staff of "GamePro" in 2007, and as the 32nd best video game of all time by "The Boston Phoenix" in 2010. Featuring it in their 2003 video game hall of fame series, the staff of GameSpot wrote: ""Mortal Kombat II "was so much better, as a sequel, than it had to be that it absolutely deserves a place in the pantheon of

Legacy.

Rumored content.

While many games have been subject to urban legends about secret features and unlockable content, these kinds of myths were particularly rampant among the dedicated fan community of "Mortal Kombat" in connection with "Mortal Kombat II". According to GameSpy, "the [arcade gaming] community was abuzz about myriad secrets both true and false." The game's creators did little to dispel those rumors that included supposed "Nudality" or "Sexuality" finishing moves for Kitana and Mileena, Shang Tsung's ability to transform into Kano and Goro, a chance to fight Sonya after defeating Jade in a specific way, and "Hornbuckle" being featured as an additional secret character.  Some of

Related titles.

Some elements of "Mortal Kombat II" (such as the characters of Kitana and Shao Kahn) are featured in the 1995 film "Mortal Kombat". It was, nevertheless, mostly based on the first game.  The plot and characters of the game served as the basis for the 2005 spin-off game "Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks", a beat 'em up title which follows Liu Kang and Kung Lao as they fight their way through Outworld to defeat Shao Kahn. Some of the plot of "Shaolin Monks", such as the death of Jade, is not compatible with the general "Mortal Kombat" game series.  The events of "Mortal Kombat II", along with the first

Mortal Kombat II is a fighting game originally produced by Midway for the arcades in 1993. It was later ported to multiple home systems, including the MS-DOS, Amiga, Game Boy, Game Gear, Sega Genesis, 32X, Sega Saturn, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and PlayStation only in Japan, mostly in licensed versions developed by Probe Entertainment and Sculptured Software and published by Acclaim Entertainment (currently distributed by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment).

Mortal Kombat II, ein Computerspiel, ist ein 1993 erschienenes 2D-Fighting-Game und Arcade-Spiel von Midway Games, das ab 1994 auch in Portierungen für diverse Spielkonsolen veröffentlicht wurde. Es ist der zweite Titel der Mortal-Kombat-Reihe und erregte durch seine exzessive Gewaltdarstellung Aufsehen in den Medien. Es war in Deutschland, mit Ausnahme der Game-Boy-Version, beschlagnahmt. Wie auch beim Vorgänger Mortal Kombat wurden Schauspieler gefilmt und mittels Bluescreen-Technik digitalisiert und nicht wie bei vielen anderen Videospielen gezeichnet.


History.

In the early 1930s the Italians with their "banda" troops encroached some distance inside Ethiopian territory into the Ogaden. Colonel Rettli had his headquarters at Mustahil, where he made contact with Sultan Olol Diinle and convinced him to support the Italian cause.  Mustahil has been subjected to a number of floods of the Shabelle. In October 1961, the river rose three meters. The Ethiopian Red Cross was among organizations providing aid in that crisis. Seven years later Mustahil suffered serious flooding again (May 1968). A third occasion was in April–May 2003, when the Shabelle once again burst its banks, forcing some 96,000 people to flee their homes. Kelafo and Mustahil were amongst the hardest hit. A UNICEF representative said that the situation was "worse than any year before."  The BBC reported 9 March 2009 that the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) claimed it had captured Mustahil, having killed 80 Ethiopian soldiers, and was also fighting for control of Werder and Kelafo. The Ethiopian government denied this, claiming that the ONLF was on the run. On 12 May of that year, a clash was reported between ONLF fighters and the Ethiopian army at a checkpoint outside Mustahil. Two nomadic people at the scene were said to have been killed, while the ONLF claimed they killed 20 Ethiopian soldiers and destroyed two military vehicles.

Demographics.

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Mustahil has an estimated total population of 7,774, of whom 4,347 are men and 3,427 are women.  The 1997 census reported this town had a total population of 5,207 of whom 1,597 were men and 1,359 women. The largest ethnic group in Mustahil was the Somali people (99.5%). sources state this town is inhabited by the jidle and Habar Gidir, Somali sub-clans.

Mustahīl (, ) is a town in eastern Ethiopia, close to the border with Somalia. Located in the Gode Zone in the Somali Region and straddling the Shabelle River, it has a latitude and longitude of with an altitude of 193 meters above sea level. It is the main town of the Mustahīl woreda.

Mustahil (auch "Moustahil" oder "Mustahīl"; Amharisch ሙስታሂል, Somali "Mustaxiil") ist der Hauptort der gleichnamigen Woreda Mustahil in der Gode-Zone in der Somali-Region Äthiopiens. Er liegt am Fluss Shabelle nahe der Grenze zu Somalia.


Etymology.

The specific name, "parsonii", is in honor of British physician James Parsons.

Description.

Among the largest chameleons in the world (usually considered the largest by weight, but shorter than the Malagasy giant chameleon which holds the title for the largest by length), "C. parsonii" males have ridges running from above the eyes to the nose, forming two warty horns. There are two recognized subspecies: The widespread "Calumma p. parsonii" reaches up to in total length (including tail), about the size of a cat, and has no dorsal crest. "Calumma p. cristifer", from near Andasibe, reaches, and has a small dorsal crest. Several colour variants are known within the range typically included in the nominate subspecies, but it is unclear if they are best considered morphs or different subspecies (at present, most consider them morphs). This includes "orange eye" "aka" "white-lipped" (generally considered typical of the nominate subspecies), where the male is relatively small and mainly green or turquoise but with yellow or orange eyelids; "yellow lip" where the male is somewhat larger and mainly green or turquoise, but with a yellow edge to the mouth; "yellow giant" where the male is very large and overall yellowish (strongly marked with dusky when stressed); and "green giant" where the male is overall green. Males of "C. p. cristifer" are overall green or turquoise. Females of both subspecies are smaller than the males and overall greenish, yellowish or brownish (often with an orange tinge).

Diet.

The Parson's chameleon is omnivorous, eating most plants, insects, and possibly small birds. It is primarily listed as an insectivore because its diet mainly consists of mantises, large beetles, moths, and roaches including the Madagascar hissing cockroach ("Gromphadorhina portentosa"). It has been speculated to eat small mammals and birds and is known to eat other lizard species. It utilizes its prehensile tail as an anchor by fastening itself to trees or branches while it searches for and devour prey.  The Parson's chameleon captures its prey by shooting out its sticky projectile tongue. Its tongue acts as a suction cup; food is seized and swallowed almost whole. A chameleon's lack of movement as well as environment-adapted skin change enable the predators to catch prey off-guard.  Parson's chameleons congregate at certain times of the year. For example, when coffee plants are blooming, they can be found on the coffee plants waiting for insects, such as the turnip moth.

Life span.

The Parson's chameleon ("C. parsonii" ) is one of the longest-lived chameleon species with a highest minimum age of 9 years for males and 8 years for females. "C. parsonii" can reach an exceptional long lifespan in captivity. Longevity in the wild was estimated at 10 to 12 years and in captivity, animals of 14 years were recorded, which is unique among chameleons. The great longevity and the sexual maturity reached at least for some individuals after two or three years, make this species particularly susceptible to threats such as over-collection.

Reproduction.

In captivity, females of Parson's chameleon lay up to 50 eggs per clutch; the eggs can take up to two years to hatch. The female's reproductive cycle allows for egg laying only once every two years. The hatchlings are independent once they dig themselves out of their underground nest. Once the nest is dug, eggs are laid, and buried, the female's parental obligations are concluded. Parents do not contribute any care towards the young.

The Parson's chameleon ("Calumma parsonii") is a large species of chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to isolated pockets of humid primary forest in eastern and northern Madagascar. It is listed on CITES Appendix II, meaning that trade in this species is regulated. While most chameleon species from Madagascar can not be legally exported, a limited number of Parson's chameleon can be legally exported each year from its native country.

Parsons Chamäleon ("Calumma parsonii") gehört mit einer Gesamtlänge bis zu 70 Zentimeter zu den größten Vertretern der Familie "Chamaeleonidae" und gehört zur Gattung "Calumma".