Plot.

Shane Cooper (Ryan Kwanten), a young police officer, relocates to the small town of Red Hill with his pregnant wife Alice (Claire van der Boom). On his first day on the job, he is shown hostility from Old Bill (Steve Bisley), the head of the police force, for being unable to find his gun and getting shot on duty when he couldn't bring himself to fire his weapon on an armed boy.  Shortly afterwards, the police learn that Jimmy Conway (Tom E. Lewis), a convicted murderer who was arrested by Old Bill for killing his wife, has escaped from prison. Knowing that Jimmy will return to town to seek revenge, Old Bill orders his officers and a group of civilians to arm themselves and shoot Jimmy on sight.  Old Bill's men prove to be no match for Jimmy, who remorselessly kills officers and armed civilians. The convict encounters Shane but lets him live. When Shane finds Old Bill, he confronts Bill over the fact that Jimmy spared his life and learns that Bill has refused to call for backup from a nearby town. Shane draws his gun on Bill, but again finds himself unable to fire it and is subsequently knocked out and handcuffed to a table.  Shane escapes and uses a satellite phone at Gleason's farm to contact the nearby police for backup. During the call Shane discovers Gleason (Cliff Ellen) on the verge of hanging himself; when Shane talks to him, the farmer reveals that Jimmy Conway is innocent of the murder of his wife. The murder was the work of Old Bill and his men, who set fire to Jimmy's house after raping and killing his wife, revenge for Jimmy's interference in a proposed railroad extension that would have gone through Red Hill. Gleason informs Shane that he has a written document of what really happened, before committing suicide. Now knowing the real reason why Jimmy returned to Red Hill, Shane returns home to get his gun, which Alice found while he was on duty.  Near the outskirts of town, Old Bill sets stacks of hay on fire to attract Jimmy's attention. Jimmy arrives and kills Bill's last remaining deputies, but is stopped from finishing Bill off when two of Bill's friends arrive and hold him at gunpoint. Shane also arrives and saves Jimmy by shooting Bill's friends after informing Bill that he knows the truth.  The police backup arrives and confront Jimmy as he prepares to get his revenge on Old Bill. Despite Shane's efforts to get him to drop his gun, Jimmy kills Old Bill and is promptly shot by the police. Before dying, the seemingly mute Jimmy tells Shane that his wife was pregnant with his son.

Production.

Finance for principal photography was raised privately. The film was shot over a period of four weeks in Omeo, Victoria. After the film was shot, an edit was put together and the film was shopped around to find a distributor and funds to finish the film. The film received completion funds from Screen Australia and Arclight Films.

Release.

"Red Hill" premiered at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival on 14 February 2010 in the Panorama section. It was released in the United States on 5 November 2010 and in Australia on 25 November.

Reception.

The film generally received positive reviews. It holds a 79% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 67 reviews, with an average score of 6.48/10. The site's consensus reads: "Though its attempts to rework genre conventions may fall flat with some, "Red Hill" is a beautifully shot, tightly paced thriller that marks a strong debut for director Patrick Hughes". David Stratton of "At the Movies" gave the film four out of five stars and said "The plot isn't exactly original... but after a deliberately slow start the film gradually builds the suspense and eventually explodes into very well-staged action." Jeanette Catsoulis of "The New York Times" gave the film a positive review, saying ""Red Hill" wears its clichés proudly and its violence with panache. Patrick Hughes directs and edits his own story with fanatical focus, while Tim Hudson's photography coaxes foreboding from every rust-brown shadow and desiccated blade of grass." Sandra Hall of "The Sydney Morning Herald" gave the film three out of five stars, saying "Rodriguez has made stuff like this work by demonstrating a healthy sense of self-parody. Hughes has yet to master that. You can also see his climactic plot twist looming from a great distance and these shortcomings add up to a portentousness jarringly at odds with the film's modest intentions."

Red Hill is a 2010 Australian Western/thriller film written and directed by Patrick Hughes. The film stars Ryan Kwanten, Steve Bisley and Tom E. Lewis.

Red Hill ist ein australischer Neo-Western von Patrick Hughes aus dem Jahr 2010. Drehort war die Kleinstadt Omeo im australischen Bundesstaat Victoria. Der mit Mystery-Elementen gespickte Thriller lief am 14. Februar 2010 als Premiere auf der Berlinale.


Biography.

He was born at Mark, near Highbridge, Somerset. Graduating in Slavonic studies from London University, he expanded his education in Germany and Russia. He took up teaching in the Continent and established a language school in Riga.  Urch eventually lectured at Riga Polytechnic prior to the First World War. In 1915, fleeing the advancing German army, Urch and his family arrived at Moscow where he witnessed the Bolshevik Revolution. In 1936 he published a book: "We Generally Shoot Englishmen, An English Schoolmaster's five years of mild adventure in Moscow, 1915–20", where he described what he saw and experienced there.  In this book Urch told the story of a rather ordinary English family not connected with any official missions, consulates, or services, in the years before, during and after the Russian revolution. The family, a husband, a wife, a son born in 1911, and a daughter born in 1914, fled Latvia before the arrival of the advancing German troops and eventually made it to Moscow, with little besides their hand-luggage and a trusty maid to help with the tiny children. There they made living by teaching English. While living in Moscow they witnessed the changes from Tsarist-autocratic to Bolshevist-autocratic rule.  In 1918 Urch was arrested by the Cheka, the Soviet state security organisation. No explanation of his arrest and imprisonment had been given. After two months in prison he was released but not allowed to leave Russia. Only later it became clear to him why he was arrested. He had found out it was due to a denunciation. A fellow member of the House Committee accused him of swindling the House Committee, pocketing the money subscribed for the purchase of products, and stealing the Committee's milk. The accuser died a few months later in a lunatic asylum.  In 1919 Edith, his wife, and children were allowed to leave Russia. In 1920 the man himself was sent by train across the border to Finland, together with other English citizens. They were exchanged for Bolshevists held by Britain; for each English citizen Britain released 421⁄2 Bolshevists. Owing to poor economic circumstances in England after the war, Urch returned to Riga, where he took up employment in 1920 as editor of the Latvian government's English-language commerce publication, "The Latvian Economist". Shortly thereafter, in 1922, Urch also took up duties as the Russian affairs correspondence for "The Times"; he left his Latvian employ in 1926 to become their full-time correspondent.  In his article "Bolshevism and religion in Russia" (1923) Urch told the story of the struggle between the Bolshevik regime and the Russian Orthodox Church. Russia's great millions were suffering immensely and being slaughtered in their thousands, yet they were still clinging to their religion. The Bolsheviki moved cautiously against the church. They began by placarding public places with the legend: 'Religion is a narcotic for the people,' and removing ikons from public places. Later, these ikons were, in some cases, allowed to be put back; Urch remembered seeing some of them in their usual places as late as 1920. The Bolsheviki seemed to recognise that the temper of the people was not yet sufficiently under control for drastic measures against the Church.  Gradually it all changed. Private property was abolished and people were divided into categories for the distribution of food by the state, some categories receiving more, other less. Priests were not included in any categories: they had no food-cards, and “by living they were actually committing a crime, for they were forbidden to buy food or anything – they were left to starve.” The next step was the dismissals of bishops and priests, followed by trials by the Soviet tribunal for counter-revolution, that resulted in them being shot, or being banished to remote parts of Russia, or being sentenced to long terms of imprisonment with hard labour. With the rising generations the Bolsheviki hoped for better results, and that “the total disappearance of religion from Russia is only a matter of time.”  In 1927 he and Edith published a book "English", a manual for studying English. Another book "Latvia, Country and people", was first published in 1935 in Riga and later in 1938 in London. In this book Urch told the story of Latvia, its history, struggle for independence, economy, education, art, music, and so on. The book is not a travel guide in the Baedeker sense, that is, a book of comprehensive information about places designed for the use of visitors or tourists, but rather a presentation of sites of interest to the occasional visitor through their historical context. However, it includes also practical tips.  In 1939 he published "The Rabbit King of Russia". In this book Urch told the stories of several mind-boggling absurd Soviet projects. The narrative is accompanied with footnotes and the reader must believe it all was true. One such project, that seems to have been quite successful, involved arresting foreign nationals and freeing them for ransom paid by relatives living abroad. This scheme was run by the Cheká and the foreign currency gained helped maintaining the regime. Other projects involved attempts to supersede the cow by producing milk supplies from soya bean, the creation of a dog-wool industry by shearing the dogs of Russia, the scheme to produce motor-oil from the bodies of Russia's untold millions of locusts to lubricate her thousands of agricultural tractors, the rounding up the bugs and beetles of Russia to found a State Beetle-soap industry, using tadpoles as excellent swine-fodder, and the "immense rabbit-farms designed to feed and rescue Russia's millions from enforced vegetarianism due to the depletion of ordinary flocks of herds." Urch wrote that "if a plan was large, new and startling, it was always practically sure of adoption though some were so inherently bizarre that even with the highest patronage they could not have a long innings". One major figure behind several of those projects was Gregóriy (Grisha) Antónovich Philíppoff, aka 'the Rabbit King of Russia'. By exposing these projects, which persistently remained concealed, Urch aimed at warning the Western countries from making fair deals with Soviet Russia.  Urch transferred to Warsaw in 1938, where he lived through the German invasion in 1939 and then escaped to Stockholm. When the Winter War between Russia and Finland broke, he was sent as a special correspondent to Finland. He spent time with the troops, getting a firsthand experience of the fighting, which was reflected in his reporting.  In June 1941, came German attack on Russia. His dispatches were read with interest not only by the general reader but also by professional soldiers.  Urch died suddenly on 15 May 1945, in Stockholm. In an obituary published by "The Times" on 12 June 1945, pg. 7, Mr. Peter Tennant wrote:  The Swedish newspaper "Dagens Nyheter" published an obituary already the day after his death (in Swedish, here translated into English):

Personal life.

Urch married in 1909 and had a son and daughter. His daughter Edith Urch founded the Ladyeholme Housing Association, a charity for homeless people in London.

Reginald Oliver Gilling Urch (13 May 1884 – 15 May 1945) was an author and journalist specialising in Russian affairs. He witnessed and described several major events in the first part of the 20th century.

Reginald Oliver Gilling Urch, auch als R.G.O. Urch bekannt (* 13. Mai 1884 in Mark, Somerset; † 15. Mai 1945 in Stockholm) war ein britischer Sprachlehrer, Schriftsteller und Zeitungskorrespondent.


Club career.

Born in Zumarraga, Gipuzkoa, Balenziaga started his football grooming at Real Sociedad, playing two full seasons with its B-team in the third division. However, in 2008–09, he switched to neighbours Athletic Bilbao.  Initially thought of as a member of the reserve side, Balenziaga quickly beat competition from veterans Koikili and Javier Casas to become the undisputed first-choice for the vast majority of the campaign, making his first-team debut on 14 September 2008 in a 0–0 away draw against Málaga CF – another club graduate, Ander Iturraspe, also made his first La Liga appearance in that game.  In July 2009, Athletic bought Xabier Castillo from neighbours Real Sociedad and Balenziaga, seeing his chances for the upcoming season dim, accepted a loan move to CD Numancia, freshly relegated from the top division. He transferred to Real Valladolid on a three-year contract in the summer of 2011, after an unassuming campaign in which he made only one official appearance for the "Lions".  After two solid years as first-choice in Castile and León, Balenziaga returned to Athletic for 2013–14 to challenge for a first-team spot under new manager Ernesto Valverde. He scored his first ever goal as a professional on 24 September 2016, helping the hosts defeat Sevilla FC 3–1 in the domestic league.

International career.

Balenziaga appeared once for the Spain under-21 team, playing 58 minutes in a 1–4 friendly away loss to Portugal on 18 November 2008. He also featured for the unofficial Basque Country regional side.

Mikel Balenziaga Oruesagasti (; ; born 29 February 1988) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Athletic Bilbao as a left back.

Mikel Balenziaga Oruesagasti (* 29. Februar 1988 in Zumarraga) ist ein spanischer Fußballspieler. Seit 2013 spielt er für Athletic Bilbao in der spanischen ersten Liga.


Host selection.

Original round of bidding.

The following countries submitted a bid to host the tournament by the May 2013 deadline:  South Africa were awarded the hosting rights by FIFA Executive Committee at their meeting on 5 December 2013. However, they later withdrew, giving its notice at FIFA's Executive committee meeting prior to the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

Second round of bidding.

After South Africa's withdrawal, the following countries announced they would be interested in hosting:  Papua New Guinea were awarded the hosting rights of the tournament by the FIFA Executive Committee on 20 March 2015.

Qualified teams.

A total of 16 teams qualify for the final tournament. In addition to Papua New Guinea who qualified automatically as hosts, the other 15 teams qualify from six separate continental competitions. The slot allocation was published in June 2014.

Venues.

A FIFA delegation visited the following four stadiums in April 2015: Sir Hubert Murray Stadium, Sir John Guise Stadium, Lloyd Robson Oval (National Football Stadium), and Bisini Sports Complex, all located in Port Moresby. The same four stadiums were submitted to FIFA for approval in October 2015. The four final approved stadiums are:

Emblem and slogan.

The official emblem and slogan ("To Inspire, To Excel") were unveiled on 8 March 2016.

Mascot.

The official mascot, a bird-of-paradise nicknamed "Susa", was launched on 11 June 2016.

Squads.

Each team must name a squad of 21 players (three of whom must be goalkeepers) by the FIFA deadline. All players must be born on or after 1 January 1996, and on or before 31 December 2000. The official squads were announced on 8 November 2016.

Match officials.

A total of 16 referees, and 27 assistant referees were appointed by FIFA for the tournament.

Draw.

The official draw was held on 17 March 2016, 18:30 CET (), at the FIFA headquarters in Zürich, Switzerland. The teams were seeded based on their performances in previous U-20 Women's World Cups and confederation tournaments, with the hosts Papua New Guinea automatically seeded and assigned to position A1. Teams of the same confederation could not meet in the group stage.

Group stage.

The top two teams of each group advance to the quarter-finals. The rankings of teams in each group are determined as follows:  If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings are determined as follows:  All times are local, PGT ().

Group A.

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Group B.

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Group C.

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Group D.

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Knockout stage.

In the knockout stages, if a match is level at the end of normal playing time, extra time is played (two periods of 15 minutes each) and followed, if necessary, by a penalty shoot-out to determine the winner, except for the third place match where no extra time is played as the match is played directly before the final.  On 18 March 2016, the FIFA Executive Committee agreed that the competition would be part of the International Football Association Board's trial to allow a fourth substitute to be made during extra time.

Awards.

The following awards were given for the tournament:

The 2016 FIFA U-20 Women’s World Cup was the 8th edition of the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, the biennial international women's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament was held in Papua New Guinea from 13 November to 3 December 2016. This was the first FIFA tournament held in the country.

Die U-20-Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft der Frauen 2016 (offiziell "2016 FIFA U-20 Women’s World Cup") war die achte Ausspielung dieses Wettbewerbs für Fußballspielerinnen unter 20 Jahren (Stichtag: 1. Januar 1996) und fand vom 13. November bis 3. Dezember 2016 in Papua-Neuguinea statt. Papua-Neuguinea war damit erstmals Gastgeber eines FIFA-Turniers. Am Turnier nahmen 16 Mannschaften teil, die zunächst in vier Gruppen und danach im K.-o.-System gegeneinander antraten. Nordkorea wurde nach 2006 zum zweiten Mal Weltmeister.


Early life.

McKay was raised in Barrhead and began his career as a youth player for Kilmarnock, where he spent seven years. He was released by Kilmarnock due to a hip problem which their medical staff feared would cause him long-term problems. McKay was then signed by Rangers in the summer of 2011. He played regularly in their under-19 side at the age of 16 and ended the season as top goalscorer.

Club career.

Rangers.

McKay made his first-team debut for Rangers on 13 May 2012, in a 4–0 win against St Johnstone. On 11 August 2012, he scored Rangers first goal in the club's inaugural game in the Third Division, a 2–2 draw against Peterhead. On 11 September 2012, McKay pledged his future to Rangers for another five-years. After a great start to the season, his form dropped and as a result he was dropped to the bench with Fraser Aird taking his place. After a few matches on the sidelines, he reclaimed his place in the starting eleven with a stunning performance from the bench against Alloa Athletic, in which he scored two goals in a 7–0 win. From that point on, McKay established himself as a key player in the team, putting in several excellent performances, including in a 3–0 win against Elgin City and a 4–2 win against Montrose, racking up a number of assists in the process.  On 27 December 2013, he joined Greenock Morton on a one-month loan deal. As there were no U20 League fixtures until January 2014, this was to give him some much needed game time, with McKay expected to be available for five fixtures in his time at Cappielow. On 28 January 2014, his loan was extended until the end of the season.  McKay signed for Scottish Championship club Raith Rovers on 1 September 2014, agreeing a loan move until 1 January 2015. On 31 December 2014, it was announced by Raith Rovers that McKay's loan deal had been extended until the end of 2014–15 season.  The arrival of new Rangers manager Mark Warburton in June 2015 saw McKay appear more frequently in the first team. On 19 August 2015, he scored his first goal for Rangers since November 2012, in a 2–0 win over Ayr United in the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 15 February 2016, McKay extended his Rangers contract until May 2018. On 17 April 2016, he scored a long-range goal to put Rangers 2–1 up against Celtic in the Scottish Cup semi-final. After the match finished 2–2, Rangers went on to win on penalties and progress to the final, with McKay scoring in the penalty shootout. He was named in the PFA Scotland Team of the Year from the Scottish Championship for his performances in the 2015–16 season.

Nottingham Forest.

McKay signed a four-year contract with Nottingham Forest on 5 July 2017 for a reported fee of £500,000, linking up with Warburton once again. He was assigned squad number 10. On his début on 4 August 2017, he scored the only goal of the game against Millwall.

Swansea City.

On 31 July 2018, McKay signed a three-year contract with Swansea City, having moved from Nottingham Forest for an undisclosed fee.

International career.

McKay was a youth international, representing the Scotland national team at under-18, under-19 and under-21 levels.  McKay received his first call-up to the senior Scotland squad in May 2016, along with Rangers teammate Lee Wallace, for friendlies against Italy and France and made his Scotland debut as an 84th-minute substitute during a 3–0 defeat to the latter on 4 June 2016.

Personal life.

He is the younger brother of fellow footballer Daniel McKay, and has two other brothers.

Honours.

Rangers  Individual

Barrie McKay (born 30 December 1994) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Fleetwood Town on loan from Swansea City and the Scotland national team. McKay can play either as a striker or as a winger.

Barrie McKay (* 30. Dezember 1994 in Paisley) ist ein schottischer Fußballspieler, der für den englischen Erstligisten Swansea City spielt.


History.

The Trappist abbey was founded in the early nineteenth century. In 1815, after twenty years of exile due to the suppression of religious orders by Napoleon, the Trappists returned to work in France. More precisely, on February 21, 1815, a Trappist community under Dom Bernard de Girmont, later their first abbot, settled in the empty buildings of a former priory occupied by a community of canons, dissolved during the French Revolution.  The new community was formally recognised as an abbey on December 10, 1816, by Pope Pius VII.

Present day.

Today, in addition to the conventual buildings, the abbey church and the beautiful chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, the abbey has a house for pilgrims with about 30 rooms and a small shop at the entrance selling religious books and the produce of the monks: jam, honey, biscuits, cakes. There is also at the abbey entrance a small external house for pilgrims, in case of emergency arrivals at night.  At the beginning of the 20th century at least 100 monks lived here, but today there are only 12.

Notre Dame du Triomphe.

Behind the abbey is a little hill with a beautiful wild garden. A path leads to the column of "Notre Dame du Triomphe" (Our Lady of Triumph), a column on which there is a statue of the Virgin Mary overlooking the landscape. According to a plaque, all those who recite three Hail Marys are granted 100 days of indulgence, as determined by Pope Pius IX.

Port-du-Salut Abbey, also the Abbey of Notre-Dame du Port du Salut (, "Abbaye Notre-Dame du Port-du-Salut" or "Abbaye du Port-Ringeard") is a Trappist monastery located in Entrammes, Mayenne, France. The main monastery building dates from around the 13th century.

Kloster Notre-Dame du Port-du-Salut (lat. "Abbatia B. M. de Portu Salutis") ist eine französische Trappisten-Abtei in Entrammes bei Laval im Département Mayenne.


Club career.

Sevilla.

Born in Son Servera, Majorca, Luna finished his youth career in Andalusia with Sevilla FC, making his senior debut with the reserve side in Segunda División B. On 15 and 19 May 2010, he appeared in his first two official games with the first team, and both were decisive ones: in the first he played the full 90 minutes as his team won 3–2 away against UD Almería in the last round, finally edging RCD Mallorca for the last qualification position for the UEFA Champions League. The second was a 2–0 triumph over Atlético Madrid in the final of the Copa del Rey, again playing the full match.  On 19 January 2011, Luna was loaned to neighbouring Almería until the end of the campaign. He was regularly utilised, as the club suffered top flight relegation after a four-year stay.  After returning to Sevilla, Luna played 14 league matches in 2011–12, his first full season. He scored his first goal as a professional in a 1–2 away defeat on 29 January 2012 against Málaga CF, playing as a left midfielder.  On 25 November 2012, Luna was sent off despite being an unused substitute in a 0–4 loss at Atlético Madrid, in which his teammates Federico Fazio and Ivan Rakitić were also dismissed. He spent the second half of the 2012–13 season on loan to Mallorca in his native Balearic Islands, eventually meeting the same fate as with Almería.

Aston Villa.

On 20 June 2013, Aston Villa announced the signing of Luna on a three-year deal. He started and scored on his Premier League debut with the club, a 3–1 win at Arsenal on 17 August.  On 5 August 2014, Luna was loaned to Serie A club Hellas Verona F.C. in a season-long loan. In February of the following year, having not made a single appearance, he was loaned to Spezia Calcio in Serie B for the second half of the campaign. In only his second match for his new team, he was sent off in a 3–2 home win over Modena FC.

Eibar.

On 9 July 2015, Luna signed a two-year deal with SD Eibar after terminating his contract with Aston Villa. He made his debut for the Basques on 24 August, assisting goals by Adrián and Gonzalo Escalante as they began the new top flight season with a 3–1 win at Granada CF.  In October 2016, Luna and teammate Sergi Enrich apologised when a sex tape involving them and a woman went viral on the Internet. He totalled 46 appearances in his two seasons at the club, scoring in a 3–2 win at Sporting de Gijón the following 15 January.

Levante.

On 11 June 2017, Luna signed a four-year contract with newly promoted side Levante UD. On 29 August 2019, he was loaned to Segunda División's Rayo Vallecano for one year.

In popular culture.

Aston Villa fans nicknamed Luna 'Tony Moon', a direct translation of his name from Spanish into English. Manager Paul Lambert admitted that he did not understand the nickname.  Luna was referenced in the 19th Jack Reacher novel "Personal" by Lee Child, an Aston Villa fan. There, character Casey Nice described him as a friend of hers, adding "I call him Tony Moon".

Honours.

Sevilla

Antonio Manuel Luna Rodríguez (born 17 March 1991) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Rayo Vallecano on loan from Levante UD as a left back.

Antonio Manuel Luna Rodríguez (* 17. März 1991 in Son Servera) ist ein spanischer Fußballspieler. Seit 2017 spielt er für UD Levante in der spanischen ersten Liga.


Life.

Guillaume Courtois was born in Saint-Hippolyte, Doubs, in France as the son of the obscure painter Jean-Pierre Courtois. Very little is known about Guillaume’s youth but it is assumed he received his initial training from his father. The father and his sons went to Italy circa 1636 when Guillaume was still a child. They travelled to Milan, Bologna, Venice, Florence and Siena.  The movements of the brothers Courtois are not very well documented, which has led to alternative theories. It is possible Guillaume Courtois settled in Rome by 1638 where he entered the studio of Pietro da Cortona. Here he is supposed to have supplemented his training by drawing from life and copying works of Giovanni Lanfranco and Andrea Sacchi. He studied also the Bolognese painters and Guercino, and formed for himself a classicizing style with very little express mannerism, partly resembling that of Carlo Maratta. Another view of the movements of the brothers that has gained support with modern scholars is that Guillaume and Jacques remained together until the later 1640s and that Guillaume Courtois only came under the influence of da Cortona when he worked under him in 1656.  Guillaume Courtois spent most of his active life in Rome where he died of gout on 14 or 15 June 1679.  Jean-Blaise Chardon and Antonio Dupré were his pupils.

Work.

General.

Guillaume Courtois was mainly a history painter of Christian religious and mythological scenes. He was also in demand as a staffage painter. He is sometimes referred to as a battle painter because of his involvement in the decorative project in the chapel of the Congregation of the Jesuits, a small oratory housed in a room of the Collegio Romano adjacent to the Sant'Ignazio Church, Rome. This was a collaborative effort of the brothers Guillaume and Jacques. It is now established that Jacques - who was a specialist in battle scenes - painted the battles in the backgrounds. Guillaume painted the scenes that depict victories attributed to the intervention of the Virgin: "Heraclius defeats the armies of Chosroes", "St. Pulcheria", "The Triumph of Emperor Zimisches", "The Battle of Louis IX of France", and "Julian the Apostate pierced by Saint Mercurius". Early drawings of Guillaume Courtois represent battle scenes and show that he was initially influenced by his brother. He also produced a few portraits and collaborated with other artists on genre paintings.  Courtois’ first major public commissions were frescoes for the San Marco, Rome. Pietro da Cortona recommended the two brothers to Niccolò Sagredo, the Venetian ambassador in Rome who wished to have the church decorated. He painted the "Battle of Joshua" for the Gallery of Alexander VII in the Quirinal Palace and the "Martyrdom of St Andrew" for the high altar of the Sant'Andrea al Quirinale.  These early works show the influence of Cortona, combined with the influence of the Baroque style of Agostino Carracci through the mediation of the more dynamic version offered by Giovanni Lanfranco’s work. These influences are reflected in the exuberance in form and color that will remain characteristic of Courtois’ work. The style of Pier Francesco Mola also formed a factor in his development. He also worked alongside Mola, Gaspard Dughet, Francesco Cozza, and Giovanni Battista Tassi on the decoration of the Valmontone Palace of Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili around 1658-1659. Some figures painted by Courtois in this Palace were previously attributed to Mola.  In 1661, he painted an "Assumption" for the church of San Tommaso da Villanova in Castelgandolfo in Ozzola.  In his mature work he further showed the influence of Carlo Maratta, an artist who fused the Baroque and Classicist styles. This is reflected in the sweet faces of the female figures in works such as the "Madonna of the Rosary" for the St. George Church in Monte Porzio Catone made in 1666 on a commission by prince Giovanni Battista Borghese.

Collaborations.

In addition to the frequent collaborations with his brother Jacques, a number of collaborations between Guillaume Courtois and Abraham Brueghel, a Flemish still life painter active in Rome, are recorded. An example is the "Still life of fruits and flowers with a figure" (Sold at Sotheby's on 29 January 2015 in New York, lot 302). The still life was painted by Brueghel while Courtois painted the figure. The painting is a variant of the "Grapes and pomegranate with a vase of flowers and a female figure" (private collection), which has been dated to the end of the 1660s. Courtois reprised the charming female figure in his "Fruit Picker" (Gemäldegalerie, Dresden), which is a collaboration with Michele Pace del Campidoglio. He also collaborated frequently on public works with Bernini, who admired his work and recommended him for commissions, and Carlo Maratta.  In 1653 he painted the figures of St. Eustace, the Good Samaritan, a St. Mary of Egypt and St. Augustine in four large landscapes of Gaspard Dughet. This was one of the earliest documented commissions of Courtois and the patron was Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili. The next year Courtois and Dughet collaborated again for the same patron on works for the Palazzo Pamphilj.

Drawings.

Guillaume Courtois was a very skilled draughtsman as is testified by the many preparatory studies he left behind and which can be found, amongst others, in the Istituto Nazionale per la Grafica. Preparatory drawings are generally in chalk, whereas compositional designs tend to be in pen and ink and wash.  The preparatory studies in chalk (Nationalmuseum, Stockholm and the Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf) for "The Martyrdom of St Mark" fresco in San Marco are very skillful and demonstrate a fluid technique and a firm grasp of form and chiaroscuro.

Guillaume Courtois or italianized as Guglielmo Cortese, called Il Borgognone or Le Bourguignon ('the Burgundian'), (1628 – 14 or 15 June 1679) was a French-Italian painter, draughtsman and etcher. He was mainly active in Rome as a history and staffage painter and enjoyed high-level patronage. He was the brother of the painters Jacques Courtois (Giacomo Cortese) and Jean-François Courtois.

Guillaume Courtois, auch Cuglielmo Cortese und "il Borgognone" (* 1628 in Saint-Hippolyte (Doubs), Franche-Comté; † 14. Juni 1679 in Rom) war ein italienischer Historien- und Kirchenmaler französischer Herkunft.


Early life.

She was born into the Spencer family as the daughter of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (1706–1758) and the Honourable Elizabeth Trevor (d. 1761). Her siblings were George, Charles, and Elizabeth. She was raised at Langley Park, Buckinghamshire, where she was introduced to art at an early age. Joshua Reynolds, an artist, was a family friend.

Marriages and children.

She married Frederick St John, 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke (1734–1787) in 1757. From 1762–1768 she was Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Charlotte. She became widely known as 'Lady Di' (as did her namesake in the early 1980s, before she became Princess Di).  She had four children during this first marriage:  This marriage was unhappy and her husband was notoriously unfaithful. In February 1768 he petitioned for divorce on grounds of adultery ("criminal conversation"). The petition required an act of parliament, which was passed the next month.  Within two days she married Topham Beauclerk of Old Windsor. They had three children:

Friends.

Their circle of friends included Samuel Johnson, Georgiana Cavendish — who maintained a glittering salon — Edward Gibbon, David Garrick, Charles Fox, James Boswell and Edmund Burke.  Fanny Burney recorded in her diary the feelings of Edmund Burke about Lady Diana after the death of Topham Beauclerk: From the window of the dining-parlour, Sir Joshua [Reynolds] directed us to look at a pretty white house which belonged to Lady Di. Beauclerk. "I am extremely glad," said Mr. Burke, "to see her at last so well housed; poor woman! the bowl has long rolled in misery; I rejoice that it has now found its balance. I never, myself, so much enjoyed the sight of happiness in another, as in that woman when I first saw her after the death of her husband. It was really enlivening to behold her placed in that sweet house, released from all her cares, a thousand pounds a year at her own disposal,and — her husband was dead! Oh, it was pleasant, it was delightful to see her enjoyment of her situation!" "But, without considering the circumstances" said Mr. Gibbon, "this may appear very strange, though, when they are fairly stated, it is perfectly rational and unavoidable." "Very true," said Mr. Burke, "if the circumstances are not considered, Lady Di. may seem highly reprehensible." He then, addressing himself particularly to me, as the person least likely to be acquainted with the character of Mr. Beauclerk, drew it himself in strong and marked expressions, describing the misery he gave his wife, his singular ill-treatment of her, and the necessary relief the death of such a man must give.  On the other hand, James Boswell records that Samuel Johnson said of her (in 1773), "The woman's a whore and there's an end on't."

Artistic work.

Beauclerk illustrated a number of literary productions, including Horace Walpole's tragedy "The Mysterious Mother", the English translation of Gottfried August Bürger's "Leonora" (1796) and "The Fables of John Dryden" (1797). After 1785 she was one of a circle of women, along with Emma Crewe and Elizabeth Templetown (1746/7-1823), whose designs for Josiah Wedgwood were made into bas-reliefs on jasper ornaments.

Later life, death, and legacy.

Her second husband died in 1780 and, due to restricted finances, she began to lead a more retired life. She died in 1808 and was buried in Richmond.  In the mid-1990s a portrait of her hung in Kenwood House, on Hampstead Heath in London, with the caption: "Lady Diana Spencer, known chiefly for the unhappiness of her first marriage."

Lady Diana Beauclerk ("née" Lady Diana Spencer; other married name Diana St John, Viscountess Bolingbroke; 24 March 1734 – 1 August 1808) was an English noblewoman and artist.

Lady Diana Beauclerk (auch Lady "Diana Spencer" oder "St John") (* 24. März 1734; † 1. August 1808 in Richmond) war eine britische Malerin.


Biography.

Bilash was born on March 6, 1931 in the town of Hradyzk, Ukraine (now Hlobyne Raion of Poltava Oblast, Ukraine) to a family of skilled amateur musicians. His father, Ivan Panasovych Bilash, played balalaika and guitar; his mother, Yevdokiya Andriyivna, was a solo singer at rural gatherings.  After studying for a year in the Kiev music school for adults, Oleksandr traveled to the city of Zhytomyr where he entered the second year of the Viktor Kosenko Music School. In 1951, Bilash had successfully passed the entrance examinations for entry into the faculty of Composition of the Kiev State Conservatory (now The Tchaikovsky National Academy of Music). He studied composition with the outstanding Ukrainian composer and teaching professor Mykola Vilinsky. Oleksandr Bilash graduated from the Kiev State Conservatory in 1957.  From 1956–1961 Bilash worked as an Instructor of music theory at the Kiev Pedagogical Institute (Kiev Teachers Training Institute, now Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University). Already Bilash had emerged as a pre-eminent and prolific Ukrainian composer who had contributed immensely to variety of musical genres and styles. Many of his lyric songs became very popular in Ukraine. His lyric songs have become a part of the 'golden fund' of Ukrainian national culture and many of them are often perceived as traditional folk songs. He composed the opera "Haydamaky" (1965), "The Ballad of War" (1971), "The Grooms" (1985), operetta "The Legend of Kiev", "The Bells of Russia". Bilash opposed the soundtrack to numerous movies. One of them - "Roman and Francesca" (1960) with the celebrated lyric songs by Bilash was the first Soviet film (musical) where love between a Soviet sailor and a foreign girl was not criminalized. At the time of Chernobyl nuclear accident in April 1986, the popular lyric song "Dva kolyory" (Two colors) composed by Oleksandr Bilash sounded like a revelation.  From 1976-1994 Bilash served as the Chairman of the Kiev branch of the Union of Composers of Ukraine. Oleksandr Bilash was one of the most highly regarded Ukrainian composers and his creative output was highly praised. Among others, Bilash received the State Taras Shevchenko Award (1975), titles of People's Artist of Ukraine (1977) and People's Artist of the USSR (1990). In March 2001, the honorable title of the Hero of Ukraine (the highest State degree of recognition in Ukraine) was bestowed upon him for his 'outstanding personal contribution to the enrichment of the spiritual treasures of the Ukrainian people and many years of fruitful creative activity' (March 6, 2001). His wife was famous Ukrainian singer Larysa Ostapenko-Bilash (1935–2010) with whom he had two daughters Lesya and Oksana. Oleksandr Bilash died on May 6, 2003 in Kiev. He was buried at the Baikove Cemetery in Kiev, the burial place of the Ukrainian elite.

Oleksandr Ivanovych Bilash (also spelt "Olexandr Bilash", "Alexander Bilash", ) (March 6, 1931 – May 6, 2003) was a Ukrainian composer and the author of popular lyric songs, ballads, operas, operettas, oratorios and music for films. Laureate of the Taras Shevchenko State Award (1975), People's Artist of Ukraine (1977), People's Artist of the USSR (1990), Hero of Ukraine (2001).

Oleksandr Iwanowytsch Bilasch (* 6. März 1931 in Hradysk, Oblast Poltawa, Ukrainische SSR; † 6. Mai 2003 in Kiew) war ein ukrainischer Komponist und Dichter.


Background.

Adrian Moncrieffe is a Jamaican national who has lived in the United States since he moved there in 1984 at the age of three. In 2008 he was stopped by police in Georgia for a traffic violation when they found 1.3 grams of marijuana in his car. Moncrieffe pleaded guilty to the charge of marijuana possession with intent to distribute and agreed to a deal with no jail time. Two years later, immigration officials discovered the arrest and decided to detain and finally deport him, as drug trafficking charge is treated as an aggravated felony under immigration policies. After Moncrieffe lost his challenge in an administrative case, he was deported back to Jamaica.  Georgia's marijuana law, like most other states define possession with intent to distribute marijuana for no remuneration and distributing a small amount of marijuana charge under the same statute, which made his case. Under federal marijuana law the prior charge is treated as a possession case if it involves a small amount of marijuana which cleared Moncrieffe from having committing an aggravated felony(i.e. drug trafficking) under immigration law.  The Fifth Circuit Court upheld the deportation order, ruling that as the prosecution was not required to prove the amount of marijuana involved, the conviction amounted to a felony under federal law. The Supreme Court granted writ of certiorari to clear up confusion in the lower courts. The federal government argued that as the distinction based on the amount of marijuana possessed was a sentencing and not a conviction issue, and, hence did not affect the deportation order.

Opinion of the Court.

Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor, writing for the majority, agreed with Moncrieffe's lawyers that he was still eligible for the exception for possession of small amounts of marijuana under federal law. He would thus be able to appeal his deportation with immigration officials.

Moncrieffe v. Holder, 569 U.S. 184 (2013), is a United States Supreme Court decision in which the court ruled in a 7–2 decision that "social sharing of a small amount of marijuana" by a legal immigrant does not constitute aggravated felony and hence does not require mandatory deportation.

Moncrieffe v. Holder ist eine Grundsatzentscheidung, die der Oberste Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten am 23. April 2013 mit einer Mehrheit von sieben zu zwei Richtern fällte.


Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region

Demographics of LINER galaxies.

Galaxies that contain LINERs are often referred to as "LINER galaxies". LINER galaxies are very common; approximately one-third of all nearby galaxies (galaxies within approximately 20-40 Mpc) may be classified as LINER galaxies. Approximately 75% of LINER galaxies are either elliptical galaxies, lenticular galaxies, or S0/a-Sab galaxies (spiral galaxies with large bulges and tightly wound spiral arms). LINERs are found less frequently in Sb-Scd galaxies (spiral galaxies with small bulges and loosely wound spiral arms), and they are very rare in nearby irregular galaxies. LINERs also may be commonly found in luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), a class of galaxies defined by their infrared luminosities that are frequently formed when two galaxies collide with each other. Approximately one-quarter of LIRGs may contain LINERs.

Scientific debates: energy sources and ionization mechanisms.

LINERs have been at the center of two major debates. First, astronomers have debated the source of energy that excites the ionized gas in the centers of these galaxies. Some astronomers have proposed that active galactic nuclei (AGN) with supermassive black holes are responsible for the LINER spectral emission. Other astronomers have asserted that the emission is powered by star formation regions. The other major issue is related to how the ions are excited. Some astronomers have suggested that shock waves propagating through the gas may ionize the gas, while others have suggested that photoionization (ionization by ultraviolet light) may be responsible.  These debates are complicated by the fact that LINERs are found in a wide variety of objects with different brightnesses and morphologies. Moreover, the debate over the energy sources for LINERs is entangled with a similar debate over whether the light from star formation regions or the light from AGN produce the high infrared luminosities seen in LIRGs.  Although both the energy sources and the excitation mechanisms for LINER emission are still being studied, many LINERs are frequently referred to as AGN.

Star formation in LINERs.

A number of surveys have been performed to explore the connection between star formation and LINER activity. If a connection can be found between star formation activity and LINER activity, then this strengthens the possibility that LINERs are powered by the hot gas found in star formation regions. However, if star formation cannot be found in LINERs, then this definitively excludes star formation as powering LINER emission.

Star formation in LIRGs with LINERs.

Recent observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope show a clear connection between LINER emission in luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) and star formation activity. The mid-infrared spectra of LIRGs with LINERs have been shown to look similar to the mid-infrared spectra of starburst galaxies, which suggest that infrared-bright LINERs are powered by star formation activity. However, some mid-infrared spectral line emission from AGN have also been detected in these galaxies, indicating that star formation may not be the only energy sources in these galaxies.

Star formation in normal galaxies with LINERs.

Normal nearby galaxies with LINERs, however, appear to be different. A few near-infrared spectroscopic surveys have identified some LINERs in normal galaxies that may be powered by star formation. However, most LINERs in nearby galaxies have low levels of star formation activity. Moreover, the stellar populations of many LINERs appear to be very old, and the mid-infrared spectra, as observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope, do not appear similar to the spectra expected from star formation. These results demonstrate that most LINER in nearby normal galaxies may not be powered by star formation, although a few exceptions clearly exist.

A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission. The spectra typically include line emission from weakly ionized or neutral atoms, such as O, O, N, and S. Conversely, the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms, such as O, Ne, and He, is relatively weak. The class of galactic nuclei was first identified by Timothy Heckman in the third of a series of papers on the spectra of galactic nuclei that were published in 1980.

Eine low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER; zu deutsch etwa "Galaxien-Kernregionen mit Emissionslinien geringen Ionisationsgrades") ist ein Typ von Galaxienkern, der durch seine Spektrallinien definiert ist:


Accreditation.

The National Assessment and Accreditation Council accredited Annamalai University with a grade of "A" in 2014. The Faculty of Agriculture of Annamalai University is accredited with ICAR (NAEAB)

Rankings.

Annamalai University was ranked 801–1000 in the world by the "Times Higher Education World University Rankings" of 2018 and 251–300 in Asia. It was ranked in the 101–150 band overall in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) for 2018 and in the 101–150 band among universities. NIRF also ranked it 12 in its pharmacy ranking in 2020.

Faculties.

The university has ten faculties, namely Agriculture, arts (including management studies), dentistry, education, engineering and technology, fine arts, Indian languages, marine sciences, Rajah Muthiah Medical College (medicine) and science.

Distance education.

Directorate of Distance Education was established in 1979 which now offers more than 500 courses including MBA.All the programmes of study offered have the approval of the Distance Education Council. B.Ed. programme is approved by the National Council for Teacher Education.

Scholarships and awards.

A total of 356 scholarships and awards are given to eligible candidates every year.

International.

In 2006, Annamalai University opened its first international intake centre in Toronto, Canada, offering Annamalai University's programs in Carnatic music, barathanatiyam, Tamil language and yoga. Other overseas centres include the Al Mihad Institute, Dubai, the Dhafir Institute in Abu Dhabi, the Al Hilal Education Centre in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, and the Al Noor Education Centre in Muscat, Oman. In 2017,dance, music and yoga were offered through Naku Nachhilfe und Kulturschule in Switzerland.

Annamalai University is a public state university located in Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. The university is spread across in Chidambaram and offers courses of higher education in Arts, Science, Engineering, Medical, Management (MBA), Humanities, Agriculture, and Physical Education. The university was founded in 1929 by the entrepreneur Annamalai Chettiyar in the aftermath of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms. In the early 1920s, to serve the downtrodden and to promote Tamil Literature, Rajah Sir S. R. M. Annamalai Chettiar founded Sri Minakshi College, Sri Minakshi Tamil College and Sri Minakshi Sanskrit College in a rural setup at Chidambaram. In 1928, Rajah Sir S. R. M. Annamalai Chettiar agreed with the local Government to handover the above said institution for establishing a University. Thus, on 01.01.1929 Annamalai University was established as per Annamalai University Act 1928 (Tamil Nadu Act 1 of 1929). The most significant development is the enactment of the Annamalai University Act, 2013 (Tamil Nadu Act 20 of 2013), which has come into force from September 25, 2013, after obtaining the assent of His Excellency, the President of India.

Die Annamalai University (Tamil: "Aṇṇāmalaip palkalaikkaḻakam") ist eine Universität im indischen Bundesstaat Tamil Nadu. Sie befindet sich in Annamalai Nagar am Rand der Stadt Chidambaram im Distrikt Cuddalore. Die Universität wurde formell 1928 gegründet, nahm 1929 ihren Lehrbetrieb auf und trägt ihren Namen nach ihrem Stifter Annamalai Chettiar. Heute wird sie vom Bundesstaat Tamil Nadu getragen.


History.

Cannon Mountain was the site of the first passenger aerial tramway in North America. From its construction in 1938 to its 1980 retirement, the first tram carried 6,581,338 passengers up the route to near the summit of Cannon Mountain. On May 24, 1980, the Cannon Mountain Aerial Tramway II was dedicated. Alexander Bright, a skier involved in developing the sport in the area, conceived the idea of building a tramway in New Hampshire during his trip to Europe as a member of the US Olympic Ski Team in 1933. In Europe, Bright had seen passenger-carrying tramways and recognized that building one in New Hampshire could foster the growth of skiing and summer tourism in the White Mountains. Bright persuaded L.R. Batemen of the American Steel and Wire Company to conduct a preliminary survey to locate a suitable site for a tramway and to estimate construction costs. In November 1933, the first physical survey of Franconia Notch was made by Batemen, E.J. Lloyd and Roland Peabody of Franconia, who was called in as an advisor because of his knowledge of the area and his enthusiasm for recreation development in the White Mountains. Bright's idea appealed to an increasing numbers of people and groups associate with winter sports, and Peabody, through his enthusiasm, aroused the support of the New Hampshire legislature.  In the spring of 1934, after estimating construction costs, completing research on operating costs and potential income, and examining seven promising sites for a tramway, a committee appointed by Governor John G. Winant unanimously recommended Cannon Mountain.  Environmental concerns were a principal reason for selecting the Cannon site. At Cannon, it was possible to build a tramway with only minor cutting of forests and without marring the scenic beauty of the Notch. In addition, the area was already a major route for tourists in the White Mountains.  Legislation was drafted and passed in 1935, but the project hit a snag when federal financing, a provision of the legislation, proved unavailable. In June 1937, a bill was passed by the New Hampshire legislature and signed into law by Governor Francis P. Murphy authorizing a $250,000 bond issue to finance erection of the tramway. Later Roland E. Peabody was named Managing Director of the Cannon Mountain Aerial Tramway.  In August, American Steel Wire Company was awarded the construction contract and the project rapidly took shape. As the contractor began construction of the tramway, a 200-man CCC camp began work on a parking area and developing the Coppermine, Tucker Brook, Kinsman and Cannon ski trails. Old logging roads on the mountain had been used for skiing since 1929, and the famous Richard Taft Race Course had been developed in 1931-1932.  To build the final passenger tramway it was first necessary to construct a freight tramway to carry materials. Carrying cement and materials by backpack, four dozen men completed the formidable task in December. Construction of the tramway continued through the winter, with almost all the work, pouring 32 carloads of cement, assembling 232 tons of steel and four miles (6 km) of cable, done by hand. It was considered an outstanding engineering feat of the period. On June 28, 1938, after nine months of construction and one year after the passage of legislation, North America’s first aerial tramway was dedicated.  The opening attracted newspapermen, photographers, newsreel cameramen and syndicated writers from across the nation. Later Lowell Thomas made evening news broadcasts from both the valley and mountain stations. The tramway quickly became a major tourist attraction, carrying 163,000 passengers in its first year.  As its proponents had predicted, the tramway proved not only a sound financial investment for the state, but also confirmed the viability of skiing as an industry in New Hampshire. Cannon Mountain, with the highest vertical drop of any ski mountain in the state, became the pinnacle of Eastern skiing. The success of the state's venture attracted the interest and investment of the private sector, and the ski industry in New Hampshire grew and prospered.  In early 1965, Commissioner George Gilman of the Department of Resources and Economic Development recognized the need to begin planning for the replacement of the original tramway. Although still in prime operating condition, thanks to a diligent maintenance program, the cost of custom-made replacement parts and the tramway's limited passenger capacity made replacement desirable and economically practical. The replacement project was authorized by the New Hampshire legislature in 1977 after a study by consulting engineer Robert Heron proved the project feasible.  In July 1978, a contract for the replacement project was awarded to Nuova Agudio. Preliminary construction begun in July 1978, with the lower terminal completed in April 1979. During the summer of 1979, helicopters were briefly used to airlift some major components. Unlike the original construction project in 1937, there was no need to erect a freight tramway since the existing tramway could be used as the work-horse for moving materials up the mountain. Even as construction proceeded heavy summer passenger traffic was maintained. Construction continued through the cold but nearly snowless winter of 1979-1980. In February 1980, the tramway successfully passed a series of stringent operational tests conducted by Nuova Agudio and was approved for passenger traffic by the State of New Hampshire. Cannon Mountain Aerial Tramway II ascends the famous slopes of Cannon Mountain for. Its two cabins, each with a capacity for 80 passengers and one attendant, travel at a speed of per minute, with an hourly passenger capacity of 1,540, or 770 in each direction, more than three times the capacity of the original tramway.  Until 1984, the north-northwestern face of Cannon was operated under the name Mittersill Ski Area (Cannon Mountain Ski Area occupies the north-northeastern face). The trails are often skied by those that know the area as a result of their ease of accessibility (only a short hike is required from Taft Slalom to find them). However, in the late 1990s/early 2000s (decade), the state of New Hampshire unveiled plans to purchase the north-northwestern face and use the already-cut trails as an expansion to the current ski area. The purchase was completed in 2008. A $2.6 million Doppelmayr double chairlift was ordered, to be installed for the 2010-2011 ski season.  The Tuckerbrook Quad Chair serves beginner trails (Bear Paw, Deer Run, Fleitmanm and Coyote Crossing) that are segregated from the upper mountain. The bottom half of Cannon has four long runs suitable for beginners (Lower Cannon, Parkway, Gremlin and Turnpike). This area is most easily accessed via the Eagle Triple Chair, from the Peabody Base Area. The Brookside learning area, a beginner skiing area, is segregated from the rest of the mountain. It is serviced by its own triple chairlift as well as two surface lifts. Its location allows novices to progress to the nearby short beginner trails off the Tuckerbrook quad chair.

Trails.

Although touted as an expert's mountain, the ski area offers slopes for lower ski levels. From the summit, Vista Way, Tramway and Upper Cannon descend through the forest. These feed into a collection of intermediate runs, including Middle Cannon and Middle Ravine. An alternate route, Cannonball Express Quad, is also available. The Tram Cutback is an intermediate return route to the tram from Gary's, considered the easiest of the Front Five.  Expert trails include DJ's Tramline, a narrow trail that descends via a series of cliff steps. The trail is rarely open because of the amount of snow required to cover the boulders and cliffs scattered throughout the trail. DJ's Tramline has been included in "Vermont Sports Magazine's" "Gnarly 10 Toughest Trails in the East". There are no double Black Diamonds on Cannon Mountain, only Black Diamonds, although the color/shape nomenclature for trail rating is always relative to the other trails on the mountain. The Tramline, for example, could earn double black diamond at another mountain, and the same thing is possible in the reverse. It is therefore recommended that skiers take careful note of the mountain's average challenge, and to proceed with caution when attempting a new run labeled as "advanced" or "experts only". Besides the Tramline, Avalanche is the steepest run, measuring at a 31 degree vertical pitch. Trails such as Paulie's Folly and Hard Scrabble also have a high vertical pitch. The Mittersill area consists of some of New Hampshire's only sidecountry skiing. Many glades and mogul runs can be found here. One of the longest glades in the east is Kinsman Glade, on skier's right of the tramline. The Front Five trails are accessed via Paulie's Extension or Lower Cannon. Three of them, Avalanche, Paulie's Folly and Zoomer, are marked black. The other two, Rocket and Gary's, have less pitch and no bumps. From the summit, trails include Cannonball, Skylight or Upper Ravine.

Awards.

In its 2013 issue, "SKI Magazine" named Cannon #1 in New Hampshire for value, challenge, lifts/lift service, and overall satisfaction. In the same issue, Cannon was listed in the Top 10 in the East for value, access, challenge, character, lifts/lift service, and overall satisfaction.

Rentals and ski school.

Brookside Learning Center offers all-day and part-day youth programs, plus childcare for ages six months and older. Seasonal programs are available. Cannon offers a full-service PSIA Ski and Snowboard School. Slopeside ski shops are located at Peabody Base Lodge and Tram Base; a ski/snowboard rental and service shop is at Peabody Base Lodge. A slopeside High Performance Tuning Center is located at the Peabody Base Lodge. All rental skis are "shaped" skis; all rental snowboards feature "step in" bindings.

Cannon Mountain Ski Area is a state-owned ski resort located on Cannon Mountain in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, United States. Cannon is located within Franconia Notch State Park and offers 10 lifts servicing of skiing (168 with snowmaking). Cannon has of trails and a north-northeast exposure and has the only aerial tram in New Hampshire. Cannon has the most vertical of any ski area in New Hampshire,, and is the seventh largest in New England. US Olympic skier Bode Miller grew up skiing at Cannon.

Das Skigebiet am Cannon Mountain ist ein staatseigenes Skiresort in den White Mountains des US-Bundesstaats New Hampshire. Zum Angebot zählen 10 Lifte auf 1,07 km2 Skigebiet. Cannon Mountain zählt insgesamt 37 km Pistenlänge, der höchste Punkt befindet sich mit 1274 m am Gipfel. Der olympische US-Skiläufer Bode Miller wuchs am Cannon Mountain auf.


Variants.

Common metre is related to other poetic forms.

Ballad metre.

Like common metre, "ballad metre" comprises couplets of tetrameter (four feet) and trimeter (three feet). However, the feet need not be iambs (with one unstressed and one stressed syllable): the number of unstressed syllables is variable. Ballad metre is "less regular and more conversational" than common metre.  In each stanza, ballad form typically needs to rhyme only the second lines of the couplets, not the first, in the form "A-B-C-B" (where "A" and "C" need not rhyme), while common metre typically rhymes both the first lines and the second lines, in the pattern "A-B-A-B".

Fourteener.

The "fourteener" is a metrical line of 14 syllables (usually seven iambic feet).  Fourteeners typically occur in couplets. Fourteener couplets broken into quatrains (four-line stanzas) are equivalent to quatrains in common metre or ballad metre: instead of alternating lines of tetrameter and trimeter, a fourteener joins the tetrameter and trimeter lines to give seven feet per line.  The fourteener gives the poet greater flexibility than common metre, in that its long lines invite the use of variably placed caesuras and spondees to achieve metrical variety, in place of a fixed pattern of iambs and line breaks.

Common-metre double and particular.

Another common adaptation of the common metre is the "common-metre double", which as the name suggests, is the common metre repeated twice in each stanza, or 8.6.8.6.8.6.8.6. Traditionally the rhyming scheme should also be double the common metre and be "a-b-a-b-c-d-c-d", but it often uses the ballad metre style, resulting in "x-a-x-a-x-b-x-b". Examples of this variant are "America the Beautiful" and "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear". Likewise related is the "common particular metre", 8.8.6.8.8.6., as in the tune "Magdalen College", composed in 1774 by William Hayes, which has been used with the hymn "We Sing of God, the Mighty Source", by Christopher Smart.

Examples.

Common metre is often used in hymns, like this one by John Newton.  William Wordsworth's "Lucy Poems" are also in common metre.  The first opening theme used on the dubbed version of the Japanese anime "Pokémon" also uses common metre.  Many of the poems of Emily Dickinson use ballad metre.  Another American poem in ballad metre is Ernest Thayer's "Casey at the Bat": A modern example of ballad metre is the theme song to "Gilligan's Island", infamously making it possible to sing any other ballad to that tune. The first two lines actually contain anapaests in place of iambs. This is an example of a ballad metre which is metrically less strict than common metre.  Another example is the folk song "House of the Rising Sun".  "Gascoigns Good Night", by George Gascoigne, employs fourteeners.  "America the Beautiful" by Katharine Lee Bates employs the common metre double, using a standard CM rhyme scheme for the first iteration, and a ballad metre scheme for the second. Likewise "Advance Australia Fair" by Peter Dodds McCormick, Australia's national anthem:

Common metre or common measure—abbreviated as C. M. or CM—is a poetic metre consisting of four lines that alternate between iambic tetrameter (four metrical feet per line) and iambic trimeter (three metrical feet per line), with each foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. The metre is denoted by the syllable count of each line, i.e. 8.6.8.6, 86.86, or 86 86, depending on style, or by its shorthand abbreviation "CM".

Das Common measure oder Common metre ist eine in der englischen Dichtung verbreitete vierzeilige Strophenform mit Reimschema, die zwischen jambischem Vierheber und jambischem Dreiheber alterniert. Das Schema der Strophe ist in metrischer Notation:


Video.

The 1:46-minute commercial shows a well-to-do grandfather receiving messages over the years from his successful children around the world, who call off family get-togethers at Christmas time. Each year he eats his Christmas dinner by himself. Eventually he fakes his own death, and his grieving children and grandchildren travel to his home, only to find him still alive. He tells them, "I had no other way to bring you together". After the family unites in a joyful Christmas dinner, the final shot shows the Edeka logo.  Arthur Tulloch Nightingale plays the role of the grandfather The advertising agency is Jung von Matt. Alex Feil directed the clip, which was shot in Prague and Bangkok. Florian Lakenmacher of "Supreme Music" wrote the song "Dad" for it, which is sung by Neele Ternes. The song reached number 43 on the German charts.

Viral phenomenon.

Edeka published the commercial on Facebook and YouTube on November 28, 2015. By December 2 it had received 300,000 likes and 500,000 shares on Facebook and over 20 million views on YouTube., views on YouTube had passed 43 million.

Reviews and reactions.

British retail chains (compare John Lewis Christmas advert) often use emotional commercials for Christmas, but this had not been the custom in Germany. #heimkommen led on a current chart of such ads with more than 33 million clicks after a week. The video is a showcase for Integrated marketing communications on different channels.  Parodies have appeared including: a family angry about the deception killing their grandfather and a Deutsche Bahn image showing Arthur Nightingdale in a train dining car and the caption: "Lieber Opa, warte nicht bis sie zu Dir kommen" (Dear Grandpa, don't wait till they come to you). An Italian PR agency reworked the spot shortly after its release with an Italian background; in their version, the nonno expresses fears about his stock of Parmesan cheese deteriorating.

Heimkommen (Homecoming) and the related hashtag #heimkommen is a German commercial video for the supermarket corporation Edeka that went viral in November and December 2015.

Heimkommen (in Hashtag-Schreibweise "#heimkommen") ist ein Werbespot des Einzelhandelsunternehmens Edeka. Der Ende November 2015 veröffentlichte Clip wurde als virales Video vielfach verbreitet und erhielt weltweite Aufmerksamkeit. Der Spot gilt als ästhetisch wie emotional besonders ansprechendes Beispiel eines Werbefilms. Die Handlung ruft starke Emotionen hervor, was für einen deutschen Werbefilm bislang ungewöhnlich war.


Location and structure.

The stop is located in the north of Uerdingen in the eastern part of the Chempark Hohenbudberg. It has an island platform.

History.

Bayer planned an enlargement of its plant in the area of the Krefeld-Uerdingen – Homberg branch line in 1961. Therefore, Hohenbudberg Bayerwerk station was built on the Duisburg-Ruhrort–Mönchengladbach railway for the workers at the Bayer works, replacing Hohenbudberg station on the line. In 2013, it was renamed "Chempark" like the other stations that included "Bayerwerk" (Bayer works) in their names, and the city’s name "Krefeld" was added as a prefix.

Transport connections.

Rail services.

The station is served by Regionalbahn services, RB33 "Rhein-Niers-Bahn" and RB35 "Emscher-Niederrhein-Bahn". They both run hourly between Duisburg and Mönchengladbach, together providing a service every half hour. The RB33 starts from Essen and continues via Mönchengladbach to Aachen and the RB35 continues via Duisburg to Wesel.

Public transport.

Before the Bayer works was enlarged to the south in 2004/2005, there was a bus stop called "Hohenbudberg Bayerwerk Bf" next to the station on the then Friedensstraße. It was served by routes 054 and 927 of SWK Mobil, which travelled down Friedensstraße to the Uerdingen–Rumeln-Kaldenhausen connecting road and then ran to the south towards Uerdingen station and inner Krefeld and the 054 continued to Willich-Anrath. The 927 ran to the north towards Rheinhausen. When the Bayer works expanded to the south in 2004/2005, Friedenstraße had to be closed. Since then route 927 has run parallel to the railway line and 054 has stopped west of Friedensstraße. The nearest stop on the 927 is at "Chempark Tor 2" (gate 2). The night route NE27 runs from Duisburg-Rheinhausen to Krefeld, but mostly end at the "Chempark Tor 2" stop.

Krefeld-Hohenbudberg Chempark station is a station in northern Uerdingen and near the suburb of Hohenbudberg in the city of Krefeld in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was originally called Hohenbudberg Bayerwerk and it is named after the Bayer chemical works in Hohenbudberg.

Der Haltepunkt Krefeld-Hohenbudberg Chempark in Krefeld ist ein Bahn-Haltepunkt im Norden Uerdingens nahe dem Duisburger Stadtteil Hohenbudberg. Er hieß ursprünglich Hohenbudberg Bayerwerk und war nach dem Chemiewerk der Bayer AG in Hohenbudberg benannt.


Life and career.

1998–2015: Early life and career.

Jamie-Lee Kriewitz was born in Bennigsen, Hanover on 18 March 1998 to Michael Kriewitz, a former drummer for the German punk rock band 3Zylinder, and Nicole Kriewitz. She has an older brother named Joey. At the age of 12, Kriewitz became a member of the German children choir Joyful Noise. At the age of 14, she became a vegan. Kriewitz originally intended to pursue a degree in Korean studies before deciding to pursue a career as a musician.  In 2015, Kriewitz successfully auditioned for the fifth season of "The Voice of Germany", singing "The Hanging Tree" by James Newton Howard and Jennifer Lawrence. She persuaded all four coaches to turn their chairs and chose to compete as one of the 17 composing members of Team Michi & Smudo. Kriewitz progressed to the battle rounds and was paired against Meike Rosendahl, singing "Royals" by Lorde and was saved by her coach. She made it to the knockout rounds, where she sang "Berlin" by RY X and was saved by her coach once again. During the live rounds, Kriewitz sang "Lights Will Guide Me" by Fahrenhaidt and was saved by her coach for the third consecutive time. On 2 December, the music video for her winner's single, "Ghost", premiered on the Digster On Stage's official YouTube channel. For the semi-final, Kriewitz sang "Warriors" by Imagine Dragons and was saved by the public vote. During the grand final, she was required to perform three songs – a duet with her coaches ("Name drauf"), a duet with a singer ("Take Me Home") and the winner's single ("Ghost"). Kriewitz was later announced as the winner after garnering 38% of the public vote.  After emerging as the winner of the fifth season of "The Voice of Germany", Kriewitz's debut and winner's single, "Ghost", peaked at number 11 on the GfK Entertainment Charts, number 65 in the Ö3 Austria Top 40 and number 26 on the Swiss Hitparade. She subsequently signed a recording contract with Universal Music Group. Kriewitz then embarked on The Voice of Germany: Live in Concert concert tour with 8 other finalists, which ran from 27 December 2015 in Hof, Bavaria to 13 January 2016 in Hamburg, Germany.

Performances on "The Voice of Germany".

denotes a performance that entered the charts<br> denotes winner

2016–present: Eurovision Song Contest and "Berlin".

2016 for Kriewitz began with an announcement which presented "Ghost" (2015), previously released as her debut and winner's single, as one of the ten finalists of "Unser Lied für Stockholm", the German national competition held in search for their representative in the sixty-first edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. Prior to the competition, Xavier Naidoo was originally intended to be their representative after an internal selection, although numerous controversies which involved him ultimately resulted in his withdrawal. "Ghost" was drawn as the ninth performance of the first round, later advancing to the subsequent round after accumulating 28.78 percent of the public vote. It ultimately achieved the winning title after accumulating the highest number of votes with 44.5 percent from the public. The compilation album of the sixty-first edition of the competition titled "Eurovision Song Contest: Stockholm 2016", released on 15 and 22 April digitally and physically respectively, featured "Ghost" on its first disk.  Kriewitz's debut studio album titled "Berlin", released on 29 April, peaked at number eighteen on the GfK Entertainment Charts. It produced two singles; "Ghost" was previously released in December 2015, which served as her winner's and debut single following her emergence as the winner of the fifth season of "The Voice of Germany". It went on to peak at number eleven on the GfK Entertainment Charts and has made a notable appearance on the Ö3 Austria Top 40 and the Swiss Hitparade at number sixty-four and twenty-six respectively. "Wild One" was released in September 2016, however it failed to match the success of its predecessor. She then embarked on her second headlining tour in order to further promote "Berlin", which ran from 19 October through 20 April 2017.  In the Eurovision Song Contest, Kriewitz automatically advanced to the final since Germany was among the countries included in the "Big Five" rule. "Ghost" was drawn as the tenth performance of the final, where it later finished last after accumulating eleven points; it received one point from the national jury and ten points from the televoting. In an interview with Barbara Schöneberger, who previously presented "Unser Lied für Stockholm", she told her: "Well, of course I'm a little sad that it actually happened and I finished last. But I personally don't think it's my fault and I was really satisfied with my performance." Kriewitz was then selected as the cover girl of the "Welt Vegan" magazine for their June 2016 issue, where it held a raffle for a copy of "Berlin" for five winners. Later that month, she served as a member of the national jury for "2016 KWF Audition In Berlin", a German national competition in search for their representative in the sixth edition of the K-Pop World Festival.  2017 saw the release of "Jetzt erst recht!", a collaboration between Kriewitz and Fargo. It served as the opening theme of the Song Contest Eineweltsong.

Activism.

Kriewitz is an animal rights activist. She collaborated with the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals for their "Vegan life is the best life" project, where her Japanese decora kei-inspired outfit and an autographed poster was auctioned. During an interview with PETA, Kriewitz explained her perspective on equality of all living things by saying: "The difference between the dog and pork is simply not for me - it is inhumane, animals that cannot defend themselves to abuse. I take my responsibility for all animals too seriously and would also say 'no' to leather, wool and animal experiments."

Concert tours.

Headlining

Jamie-Lee Kriewitz (; born 18 March 1998), better known by the mononym Jamie-Lee, is a German singer and activist. Born and raised in Bennigsen, Hanover, she performed as a member of the German children choir Joyful Noise before auditioning for the fifth season of "The Voice of Germany" in 2015. She competed as one of the seventeen composing members of Team Michi & Smudo and later emerged as the winner after garnering 38% of the public vote. Kriewitz's debut and winner's single, "Ghost", peaked at number 11 on the GfK Entertainment Charts, number 65 in the Ö3 Austria Top 40 and number 26 on the Swiss Hitparade. She subsequently signed a recording contract with Universal Music Group; her debut studio album "Berlin" was released on 29 April 2016 and peaked at number 18 on the GfK Entertainment Charts.

Jamie-Lee Marie Kriewitz (* 18. März 1998 in Gehrden) ist eine deutsche Popsängerin. Am 17. Dezember 2015 gewann sie die fünfte Staffel der Gesangs-Castingshow "The Voice of Germany". Mit ihrem Titel "Ghost" gewann sie die deutsche Vorentscheidung zum Eurovision Song Contest 2016 und vertrat Deutschland am 14. Mai 2016 im Finale in Stockholm. Dort belegte sie mit 11 Punkten den letzten Platz. Auch als Interpretin von "Wild und Frei", dem Titellied der Super RTL-Serie kennt man sie. Seit der Veröffentlichung ihres ersten Albums tritt sie als Jamie-Lee auf.


Plot.

Four-year-old Colton Burpo (Connor Corum) is the son of Todd Burpo (Greg Kinnear), pastor of Crossroads Wesleyan Church in Imperial, Nebraska. Colton says he experienced Heaven during an emergency surgery. He describes to his incredulous family about having seen the surgeon operating, his mother calling people in the waiting room to pray, and his father in another room yelling at God to not let him die. He also speaks of incidents with people he never met or knew about: meeting a great-grandfather who had died long before he was born, an unborn sister he never knew about who had died in a miscarriage, and having met Jesus.  Colton speaks about his experiences in Heaven, and Todd is faced with the dilemma of determining the legitimacy of his son's experience. Todd's wariness about discussing the situation erodes the confidence of the board members of his church, and he is contacted by several members of the media. When Todd is called by a radio station for an impromptu on-air interview, he invites them to attend his sermon the following Sunday. At church, he preaches about his son's experiences and reveals his support for him.  Following the events at the church, Todd is doing research on the Internet and finds a story about a Lithuanian girl who had a similar experience. Her recall of Jesus was identical to that of Colton. Todd tries to speak to Colton further about the experience but he is interrupted by his wife revealing that she is pregnant with another child. Photos of Colton and his family are shown in the present day.

Production and development.

In May 2011, Sony Pictures acquired the film rights of the book "Heaven Is for Real". It was announced that Joe Roth would be producing the film with T. D. Jakes for the TriStar Pictures division of Sony Pictures. On August 23, 2012 "Braveheart" writer and "Secretariat" director Randall Wallace signed on to direct.  On March 19, 2013, it was announced that Greg Kinnear was in talks to star, and he later joined the cast. On April 15, 2013, actress Kelly Reilly joined the film.  On July 17, it was reported that composer Nick Glennie-Smith would score the film, and behind the scenes, the director of photography was Dean Semler.  Shooting began in the last week of July 2013 in Selkirk, Manitoba.

Release.

The film was released on April 16, 2014 and held a 3,048 theater count through its 4th week.

Reception.

Box office.

At the end of box office run, the "Heaven Is for Real" earned a gross of $91,443,253 in North America and $9,026,536 in other territories for a worldwide total of $100,469,789 against a budget of $12 million.  The film grossed $3.7 million on its opening day. It went on to gross a total of $22.5 million in its opening weekend, playing in 2,417 theaters for a $9,318 per-theatre average finishing in second behind "".  The biggest markets in other territories were Mexico, Poland, and Colombia where the film grossed $1.9 million, $1.4 million, and $1.2 million, respectively.

Critical response.

"Heaven Is for Real" received mixed reviews. The film holds a 50% rating on the film aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 83 reviews, with an average score of 5.5/10. The site's consensus states, ""Heaven Is for Real" boasts a well-written screenplay and a talented cast, but overextends itself with heavy-handed sequences depicting concepts it could have trusted the audience to take on faith." On another website, Metacritic, it has a 47/100 score (indicating "mixed or average"), based on reviews from 27 critics.  In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.  Jeb Lund, a columnist for "The Guardian", expressed skepticism about the depiction of the story in the film. The red markers which Colton Burpo claims Jesus had on his hands and feet are well known. The boy could have easily guessed his minister father would have been praying or nursing staff could have told him.

Heaven Is for Real is a 2014 American Christian drama film written and directed by Randall Wallace and co-written by Christopher Parker, based on Pastor Todd Burpo and Lynn Vincent's 2010 book of the same name. The film stars Greg Kinnear, Kelly Reilly, Connor Corum, Margo Martindale, and Thomas Haden Church. The soundtrack of the film contains Darlene Zschech's song "Heaven in Me". The film was released on April 16, 2014.

Den Himmel gibt’s echt (Originaltitel: "Heaven Is for Real") ist ein 2014 erschienenes US-amerikanisches Filmdrama von Randall Wallace nach einem Drehbuch von Christopher Parker, das auf Pastor Todd Burpos und Lynn Vincents 2010 erschienenem gleichnamigen Buch basiert. Die Hauptdarsteller sind Greg Kinnear, Kelly Reilly, Jacob Vargas und Nancy Sorel. Der Soundtrack des Films enthält den Song „Heaven in Me“ von Darlene Zschech. Der Film wurde am 16. April 2014 veröffentlicht.


Plot.

Buster is the manager of a post office and general store in a provincial town where Fatty works as the mailman. While delivering his letters for the day, Fatty stops to see his girlfriend Fanny (Malone) on her farm. There they play a game of hide-and-seek. While Fanny searches for Fatty he falls asleep; meanwhile, the town's constable arrives at the house and begins flirting with her.  Later in the day Fatty is busy sending out deliveries to the townsfolk when the constable sneaks into the building and steals a letter hidden by Fatty after hearing it is insured for $300. The constable presents Fanny with a ring bought with the money gained from Fatty's insured letter but is outraged when Fatty presents her with an even more expensive one. That night at the store, which has been converted into a dance hall, Fatty and Fanny dance while Buster entertains the crowd with magic tricks. Fatty is due to sing to the crowd; however, his voice gives out, so Buster persuades him to eat some onions to strengthen his voice. The onions have the desired effect, but they also make his breath so pungent that it causes the entire audience to cry.  Next the constable tries to frame Fatty by insinuating it was he who stole the money from the insured letter. As Fatty tries to deny the charges to his friends, they all (including his dog (Luke) turn their backs on him in disgust. Fatty believes their reaction is due to their not believing him, but it is actually due to his repugnant onion breath. Keaton then informs them that it was the constable, not Fatty, who stole the money. As a scuffle ensues, Fatty sics Luke on the crooked official; and the constable runs out of town with the dog in hot pursuit. In the film's closing scene, Fatty and Fanny prepare to celebrate their relationship with a kiss, but she initially refuses to kiss him due to his lingering bad breath. He suggests that she eat some onions too in order to cancel out the effect.

The Hayseed is a 1919 American two-reel silent comedy film directed by and starring Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle and featuring Buster Keaton.

The Hayseed ist ein US-amerikanischer Stummfilm, der am 26. Oktober 1919 Premiere feierte. Die Filmkomödie zeichnet sich durch typische Slapstickhandlungen wie Schlägereien und Verfolgungsjagden aus.


Development of the Arabian-Nubian Shield.

The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is the northern half of a great collision zone called the East African Orogeny. This collision zone formed near the end of Neoproterozoic time when East and West Gondwana collided to form the supercontinent Gondwana. The East African orogeny extends southward to the Mozambique Belt, and is a subset of the overall Pan-African orogeny. The assembly of Gondwana coincided with the breakup of Rodinia, closure of the Mozambique Ocean, and growth of the shield at 870 Ma This shield growth extended for the next 300 Ma., and included island arc convergence and terrane suturing at 780 Ma, with final assembly by 550 Ma. At this time, the East African Orogen became a passive margin and the southern shore of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.  The shield is divided into crustal blocks or tectonostratigraphic terranes delineated by ophiolite shear zones or sutures. These terranes are paired across the Red Sea, starting from the south, these include Nakfa (870-840 Ma) with Asir (785-720 Ma, 850-790 Ma), Haya (870-790 Ma) with Jiddah (870-760 Ma), Gabgaba (735-700 Ma) and Gebeit (832-810 Ma) with Hijaz (870-807 Ma), and Eastern Desert (810-720 Ma) with Midyan (780-710 Ma). In addition the Halfa (2.6-1.2 Ga, 750-718 Ma) and Bayuda (806 Ma) terranes are in the western portion of the shield, and the Hulayfah (720 Ma), Ha'il (740 Ma), Afif (750-695 Ma, 840-820 Ma, 1.86-1.66 Ga), Ad Dawadimi (695-680 Ma), and Ar Rayn (667 Ma) terranes in the eastern portion.  Key amalgamation events, starting 780-760 Ma, with the formation of the Tabalah-Tarj Shear Zone, the gneiss Afaf Belt, and the 600 km long and 565 km wide Bi'r Umq and Nakasib Suture (780-760 Ma), an ophiolite-decorated fold-shear zone, between the Jiddah-Haya and Hijaz-Gebeit Terranes. Then between 750-660 Ma, the Atmur-Delgo Suture formed as Halfa Terrane ophiolite nappes were thrust onto the Bayuda Terrane. Simultaneously, the Allaqi-Heiani-Sol and Hamed-Onib-Yanbu Suture formed, consisting of nappes and portions of ophiolite along an east-trending shear zone between the Gebeit-Hijaz and Eastern Desert Terrane and Midyan Terranes. Between 680-640 Ma, the 600 km long and 5–30 km wide Hulayfah-Ad Dafinah-Ruwah Suture formed between the Afif Terrance and terranes to the southwest. Simultaneously, the Halaban Suture formed between the Afif and Ad Dawadimi Terranes as a nappe of Halaban ophiolite thrust westward. In addition, the Ar Amar Suture, consisting of the Al Amar Fault zone with ophiolite lenses, between the Ad Dawadimi and Ar Rayan Terranes, while the Nabitah Fault Zone formed in Asir Terrane. The final amalgamation event occurred 650-600 Ma, when the Keraf Suture, consisting of ophiolite folded and sheared rocks, formed between the Bayuda-Halfa and Gebeit-Gabgaba Terranes.  Post-amalgamation events include the formation of the Huqf Supergroup (732-540 Ma) in Oman and W. Saudi Arabia, which accumulated in basement basins, the first 1100 m of which include glaciomarine deposits with diamictites and dropstones from the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations. Gneiss belts and domes forming in the Late Neoproterozoic include the Kirsh gneiss in the Arabian shield and the Meatiq gneiss dome in the Eastern Desert. Late Neoproterozoic shear zones include the Hamisana Shear Zone (665-610 Ma), the Ar Rika- Qazaz Shear Zone (640-610 Ma) within the Najd Fault System, and the Oko Shear Zone (700-560 Ma).  A number of features have been ascribed to late stage extensional tectonics including a widespread NE-SW trending dyke swarm, NE-SW trending normal faults and NW-SE trending sedimentary basins filled with post-orogenic molasse deposits  Crustal weaknesses before 500 Ma influenced continental rifting, as the Arabian peninsula moved away from Africa, and the formation of the Red Sea Basin at the start of the Oligocene. By then, some of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks had been eroded, if ever deposited. In fact, the 1200 km wide ANS orogenic belt, has a present-day layered crustal structure, with a uniform Moho depth of 35–45 km. Post-rift deposition of evaporites occurred until the Pliocene, when a marine environment took over.

Gold deposits in Egypt and Nubian Sudan.

As Rosemarie and Dietrich Klemm point out, "...gold deposits exploited in antiquity occur almost exclusively in the Neoproterozoic sequences of the ANS in the Eastern Desert in Egypt and Northern Sudan." The shield in this part of Africa consists of a cratonic African basement or "infrastructure", overlain by a Pan-African overthrust "superstructure". The infrastructure consists of migmatite gneiss and gneiss domes such as Gebel Hafafit and Gebel Meatiq. The metamorphism is associated with overthrust tectonics, but bear no relationship to the ancient gold mines. The superstructure consists of an ophiolite-like sequences with island arc volcanics, Hammamat sediments, and post orogenic granites. The ophiolite sequences range in age from 746-832 Ma and are mainly serpentite with elevated gold values of 25 ppb. The Hammamat sediments, common in Wadi Hammamat and referred to as "bekhen" stone, consist of greywackes and siltstones, which are slightly enriched in gold. The Hammamat sediments include dike intrusions and the dacite to rhyolite Dokhan volcanics, which formed in the early stages of orogeny at 600-625 Ma. These volcanics include the Roman imperial porphyry quarries. The granite intrusions include two sequences, an older one 614-709 Ma, and a younger sequence at 544-596 Ma, which includes the Aswan granite at 565 Ma. The margin of the includes granodiorite and diorite, and most importantly, auriferous quartz veins. These veins mineralized from hydrothermal flow inside tectonic extensional gaps, or within cavities from shearing. These characteristics were exploited by New Kingdom of Egypt prospectors. This is especially true for ancient gold exploitations oriented in NNW-SSE shear zones, such as the sites at Hammama, Abu Had-North, Wad Atalla el-Mur, Atalla, Umm el Esh Sarga, Fawakhir, El-Sid, Umm Soleimat and Hamuda.  Wadi el-Sid was the chief mining area for the New Kingdom of Egypt, with high gold grades of 30 grams per ton (g/t) in the mineralized quartz veins within sheared ophiolite sequences of serpentinite and metabasalt, imbricated with Hammamat sediments, in direct contact with the tonalite margins of the Fawakhir granite pluton. The ophiolite nappe dates from 850 to 770 Ma, while the Fawakhir pluton dates from 574 ma. These gold-rich veins are oriented according to post-tectonic extension, something the Egyptian prospectors understood.  The well of Umm el-Fawakhir area includes a Large Ptolemaic settlement and round stone mills dating from the Roman or Early Arab Period to the oval stone mills of the New Kingdom. Even fist hammers from the Old/Middle Kingdom are present. Tailings were reworked by the Louison Company from the 1930s until 1956.

The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. Geographically - and from north to south - the ANS includes parts of Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia. The ANS in the north is exposed as part of the Sahara Desert and Arabian Desert, and in the south in the Ethiopian Highlands, Asir province of Arabia and Yemen Highlands.

Der Arabisch-Nubische Schild (abgekürzt "ANS") ist eine präkambrische Grundgebirgseinheit Nordost- und Ostafrikas sowie des Westens der Arabischen Halbinsel. Er ist zu großen Teilen aus Gesteinen aufgebaut, die während der Pan-Afrikanischen Orogenese im späten Neoproterozoikum entstanden sind. In diesem Zusammenhang bildet er den nördlichen Abschnitt des rund 6000 km langen Ostafrikanischen Orogens.