Route description.

Section 622 of the California Streets and Highways Code defines Route 710 as "from Route 1 to Route 210 in Pasadena." Section 622.1 amends the definition, stating "Route 710 shall also include that portion of the freeway between Route 1 and the northern end of Harbor Scenic Drive, that portion of Harbor Scenic Drive to Ocean Boulevard, that portion of Ocean Boulevard west of its intersection with Harbor Scenic Drive to its junction with Seaside Boulevard, and that portion of Seaside Boulevard from the junction with Ocean Boulevard to Route 47."  The southern terminus of the freeway presently signed as Interstate 710 is at Ocean Boulevard in Long Beach. From there, the Long Beach Freeway follows the course of the Los Angeles River to Atlantic Boulevard in the city of Bell. I-710 then travels roughly north, east of downtown Los Angeles, to its current northern terminus at Valley Boulevard (just north of Interstate 10) in Alhambra and the El Sereno neighborhood of Los Angeles.  Near its southern terminus, I-710 separates into three spur freeways. The first spur splits at the 9th Street interchange, with the left-branching ramps crossing the Los Angeles River and becoming West Shoreline Drive as they head to downtown Long Beach, passing the Aquarium of the Pacific and the Long Beach Convention Center among other attractions. This spur becomes a surface arterial at the intersection with South Chestnut Place and the Pike Parking Garage. Meanwhile, the main segment continues south as the Seaside Freeway, keeping the I-710 designation, until the interchange with Ocean Boulevard, where offramps to Ocean Boulevard west carry both the Seaside Freeway name and I-710 designation to the approaches to the Gerald Desmond Bridge. The mainline continues south as Harbor Scenic Drive, leading to the eastern piers of the Port of Long Beach and the Queen Mary. Currently, the Interstate 710 designation terminates at the interchange with SR 47, while the actual roadway and Seaside Freeway designation continue over a bridge towards the Vincent Thomas Bridge.  There is a part of Route 710 in Pasadena that is constructed to freeway standards, extending from California Boulevard north to the Foothill (I-210)/Ventura (SR 134) freeway interchange. However, the route designation on this freeway stub is unsigned, and is instead marked as if it were merely freeway entrance and exit ramps to and from I-210.  I-710 and SR 710 are part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, and north of SR 1 are part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.

History.

1930–1965.

Legislative Route 167 was defined in 1933 to run from San Pedro east to Long Beach and north to Monterey Park. An extension was added in 1947, taking it north to Pasadena. State Route 15 was signed in 1934 along the section of Legislative Route 167 from Pacific Coast Highway (State Route 3, later U.S. Route 101 Alternate, now State Route 1) in Long Beach north to Garvey Avenue (U.S. Route 99, replaced by Interstate 10) in Monterey Park. The original pre-freeway alignment ran along Los Robles Avenue (Pasadena) and Atlantic Boulevard. The freeway replacement of SR 15/LR 167 was built from 1953 to 1965. The whole route of LR 167, including the proposed extensions west to San Pedro and north to Pasadena, was renumbered State Route 7 in 1964, after it was decommissioned from portions of the San Diego Freeway (which is now Interstate 405) as part of the state highway renumbering, as the number 15 conflicted with Interstate 15 (Ironically, SR 15 still exists from I-8 to I-5 in San Diego). In 1965 the route was truncated to State Route 1 in Long Beach; the part from SR 1 south and west to State Route 47 was deleted, and the rest from SR 47 west to State Route 11 (now Interstate 110) became part of SR 47.

1964–present.

The Long Beach Freeway was approved as a non-chargeable Interstate in September 1983 by the FHWA, and on May 30, 1984, AASHTO approved the SR 7 designations to be renumbered to Interstate 710. In October 1984, the FHWA approved additional 1.6 mile extension from CA 1 to Ocean Boulevard. The short stub in Pasadena was built in 1975, along with the adjacent sections of Interstate 210 and State Route 134. There are still remaining overhead street signs pointing motorists to State Route 7 on Ford Boulevard in Monterey Park.  The existing freeway from SR 1 south to Ocean Boulevard was taken over by the state on August 25, 2000, in a trade with the City of Long Beach for former State Route 103 north of SR 1. In 2013, Caltrans adopted the remainder of the Seaside Freeway from Ocean Boulevard to SR 47 over the Gerald Desmond Bridge as part of Route 710. Caltrans and the Port of Long Beach plan to replace the Gerald Desmond Bridge by 2018.

Future.

I-710 corridor project.

The significant growth of cargo volumes handled at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach has added a large amount of truck traffic to the Long Beach Freeway, since it is the most direct route between the port complex and the railyards in Vernon and East Los Angeles, as well as the Pomona and San Bernardino freeways that connect Los Angeles to railyards in San Bernardino and Colton. The freeway's pavement has been badly damaged as a result, since it was not designed to carry nearly as large of a load of truck traffic. It has also become a major source of air pollution, emanating from diesel-fueled trucks idling in rush-hour traffic congestion and giving cities along its route some of the worst air quality in already smoggy Southern California. In response, an Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report is currently being conducted to analyze possible significant improvements to I-710 between the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles and the Pomona Freeway (SR-60).

The South Pasadena gap.

Overview.

The planned segment from Alhambra to Pasadena through South Pasadena has been subject to legal battles which have stopped construction. Because of these legal disputes, the freeway's northern terminus has been Valley Boulevard since the 1960s. However, a short unsigned freeway does exist in Pasadena, heading south from the interchange of Interstate 210 and State Route 134 to California Boulevard.  As a result of the route's incomplete condition, freeway signs are inconsistent in their identification of the northbound Long Beach Freeway's destination, with some indicating Pasadena as a control city and others identifying Valley Boulevard as the freeway's terminus. For example, approaching I-710 from State Route 60 (Pomona Freeway) in East Los Angeles, westbound traffic is given Valley Boulevard as the destination for northbound I-710, while eastbound traffic is given a destination of Pasadena. Signs at the interchange with Interstate 105 show Pasadena as the destination for northbound I-710.  Currently, traffic headed for Pasadena on I-710 is redirected to Interstate 10 (San Bernardino Freeway) eastbound by signs at the interchange between the two routes in Monterey Park. These signs identify both Pasadena and San Bernardino as control cities for the eastbound San Bernardino Freeway, although it does not actually pass through Pasadena. Rather, traffic to the city is directed to take State Route 19 (Rosemead Boulevard) northbound from its junction with I-10 (about east of the Long Beach Freeway) to reach Pasadena. Traffic from northbound I-710 is routed onto Fremont Avenue in Alhambra and South Pasadena, and the Pasadena Freeway (State Route 110).  The areas around I-710, northeastern Los Angeles and the northwestern San Gabriel Valley are subject to traffic congestion. There are no completed north–south freeways in the twelve-mile area between Interstate 5 (Golden State Freeway) and Interstate 605 (San Gabriel River Freeway). Pro- and anti-710 lobbies have debated whether finishing I-710 would alleviate any of the San Gabriel Valley's traffic congestion, or merely displace it from surface streets to the freeway.

2009–2012 corridor studies.

Caltrans and its local partner, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro), are researching the possibility of extending the Long Beach Freeway from Valley Boulevard to Pasadena by building a bored tunnel under Alhambra, El Sereno, and South Pasadena. The premise was that a tunnel would allow Caltrans to extend the freeway without disturbing the residential neighborhoods on the surface, similar to other tunnels throughout the world. The proposed twin 4.5-mile-long tunnels would have been the longest in the United States, but were small compared with others around the world. Between January and May 2009, Caltrans conducted soil samples for the tunneling project in the Pasadena area and completed a combined environmental impact statement (EIS) and environmental impact report (EIR), in which the tunnel was one option.  In August 2012, Metro narrowed down the list of potential alternatives to study in the EIR/EIS process. The alternatives include: (1) a no-build alternative, where no additional infrastructure would be built to address the gap in the freeway plan between Valley Boulevard and I-210; (2) a roadway tunnel without exits to connect the northern terminus of the freeway at Valley Boulevard to Pasadena; (3) a light rail line connecting East L.A. with Pasadena using a route that travels along the I-710 right of way until Valley Boulevard where it would become a subway until connecting with the Metro Gold Line at the Fillmore Metro station in Pasadena; (4) a bus rapid transit line from Montebello to Pasadena; and (5) Transportation System Management/Transportation Demand Management (TSM/TDM).

Termination.

In February 2017, California Assemblyman Chris Holden (D-Pasadena) sponsored a bill to block the bridging and completion of the I-710/I-210 gap and hoped for the completed extension, but the cities of South Pasadena and Pasadena remained staunchly opposed. This unanimously led to a decision by the Los Angeles Metro authorities in May to completely defund the completion of the I-710 freeway gap between the northernmost terminus at Valley Blvd in Alhambra, to what was hoped to be traffic relieving extension to potentially the I-210 in Pasadena.  The $780 million allocated through Measure R for the intended project of closing of the gap will now be allocated to improvement of certain local surface street projects, improved traffic signal synchronizations, and other "mobility improvement projects". Holden, along with State Senator Anthony Portantino passed similar legislation, Assembly Bill 29 and Senate Bill 7 respectively, officially deleting this segment of Interstate 710 from the highway grid, and governor Gavin Newsom signed both bills, which will be effective on January 1, 2024.

Route 710, consisting of the non-contiguous segments of State Route 710 (SR 710) and Interstate 710 (I-710), is a major north–south state highway and auxiliary Interstate Highway in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of the U.S. state of California. Also called the Los Angeles River Freeway prior to November 18, 1954, the highway was initially planned to connect Long Beach and Pasadena, but a gap in the route exists from Alhambra to Pasadena through South Pasadena due to community opposition to its construction.

Interstate 710 (Abkürzung I-710), auch "Long Beach Freeway", ist ein Interstate Highway im Los Angeles County im US-Bundesstaat Kalifornien. Der Highway führt größtenteils am Los Angeles River entlang.


Location.

The station is located on the northern edge of the historic town of Fechenheim, on a street called "An der Mainkur", which connects to a set of traffic islands on the Hanauer Landstrasse (“Hanau highway”) at the site of the former "Main Cur" customs house on the border between Frankfurt and the Electorate of Hesse (and earlier the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel). This location now has a tram stop of the Frankfurt network. Main Cur is now spelt as "Mainkur". The Vilbeler Landstraße (“Vilbel highway”) runs north from the station. It formerly crossed a level crossing immediately west of the station, which is now closed. An underpass, however, allows pedestrian and bicycle traffic to pass under the line.

History.

The original station building was opened in 1847 during the construction of the Frankfurt-Hanau Railway. Until the end of the War of 1866, when the Electorate of Hesse and the Free City of Frankfurt were annexed by Prussia, the station was a border station on the border between the two countries with customs clearance. The current station building and freight shed were created between 1913 and 1918.

Infrastructure.

Frankfurt-Mainkur station is managed by DB Station&Service. The station building has been closed for years. The main hall is used by the "L'Etoile" restaurant for art exhibitions. Tickets are available only at the Rhine-Main Transport Association ("Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund", RMV) machines.  The station has three platform tracks at two platforms, connected with each other by an underground passage. The station is served by Regionalbahn services and less often by Regional-Express line 55 of the RMV from Frankfurt Central Station via Frankfurt South and Frankfurt East to Hanau Central Station, Aschaffenburg Central Station and Würzburg Central Station.

Future.

As part of Deutsche Bahn's extensive station modernisation program (supported by the economic stimulus package), Frankfurt Mainkur station is to be completely renovated and developed.

Operations.

South of the station on the Mainkur roundabout on the Hanauer Landstrasse are the "Mainkur Bahnhof" tram and bus stops. North of the station are the "Birsteiner Straße", "Meerholzer Straße" and "Fuldaer Straße" bus stops, which are accessible through the pedestrian underpass that has replaced the Vilbeler Landstraße at this point.  The "Mainkur Bahnhof" stop is served by tram line and bus routes F-41, 44 (operated by traffiQ, the Frankfurt municipal bus company), 551, 560 (regional services) and N64 (a night bus route). "Birsteiner Straße" bus stop is also served by bus routes F-41, 44 and 551; it is also served by routes MKK-23, MKK-25 and MKK-28 of "Stadtverkehr Maintal" (the Maintal municipal bus company).  The tickets of the RMV can be used on all rail services at Mainkur station. There are several parking lots in front of and next to the station building.

Frankfurt-Mainkur station is located on the Frankfurt-Hanau Railway between Frankfurt East station and Hanau Central Station in the Frankfurt district of Fechenheim in the German state of Hesse. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn (DB) as a category 5 station.

Der Bahnhof Frankfurt-Mainkur liegt an der Bahnstrecke Frankfurt–Hanau zwischen dem Frankfurter Ostbahnhof und dem Hanauer Hauptbahnhof im Frankfurter Stadtteil Fechenheim.


Early life.

She was born Pauline Potter at 10 rue Octave Feuillet in the Paris neighborhood of Passy, to wealthy expatriate American parents of Protestant background. Her mother was Gwendolen Cary, a great-grand-niece of Thomas Jefferson and a distant cousin of Britain's Lords Falkland and Cary. Her father was Francis Hunter Potter, a playboy who was a grandson of Alonzo Potter, an Episcopal Bishop of Pennsylvania, and a nephew and great-nephew of successive Episcopal bishops of New York, Horatio Potter and Henry Codman Potter.  Potter was a member of several families that were prominent in the American South since the 17th century. She was a great-great-granddaughter of Francis Scott Key and a direct descendant of Pocahontas. His wife Mary Tayloe Lloyd Key was both a Lloyd, daughter of Edward Lloyd IV of Wye House and a Tayloe of Mount Airy on her mother, Elizabeth's side, the daughter of John Tayloe II and sister to John Tayloe III of The Octagon House, arguably the wealthiest American, if not Southern Planter. Her grand-aunts Jennie and Hetty Cary (wife of the Confederate general John Pegram) were well-known figures during the Civil War, known as the "Cary Invincibles" and considered heroines for sewing battle flags. It was Jennie Cary who put the words of James Ryder Randall's poem "Maryland, My Maryland" to the German folk song "Lauriger Horatius", thereby creating what would become the state song of Maryland. Her mother's cousin and sometime guardian Constance Cary Harrison was one of the United States' best-known women in the late 19th century, a prominent novelist and social reformer. Another cousin, Francis Burton Harrison, served as Governor General of the Philippines and was a Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency.  Due to her parents' frequent separations and subsequent divorce and their later marital and romantic entanglements and custody disputes, she was brought up in varying degrees of poverty and luxury in New York City, Paris, Biarritz, and Baltimore. She was educated at a private finishing school in Groslay, a town north of Paris, as well as schools and tutors elsewhere in France and Maryland, but her formal education was effectively over by the age of 16.  By her father's second marriage to Clara Waterman Knight Colford (formerly Mrs. Sidney Jones Colford), a Philadelphia sugar and utilities heiress, she had two stepsisters, Clara and Dorothy.

First marriage.

In 1930, in Baltimore, Maryland, she married Charles Carroll Fulton Leser (1900–1949), a descendant of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, an art restorer, who was the younger son of a prominent judge and a grandson of one of the city's leading newspaper publishers. He also was an alcoholic and a homosexual.<ref name="MO Nest 1998/99">Mitchell Owens, "Remembrance of Beauty", "Nest" Magazine, Winter 1998/1999</ref> After moving to Majorca, Spain soon after their marriage, they separated in 1934, divorced in 1939, and had no children.

Romances.

After she and Leser separated, she was romantically involved with a number of prominent men, including Paul-Henri Spaak (a Prime Minister of Belgium), American diplomat Elim O'Shaughnessy (1907-1966), French horticultural heir (1907-1987), Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovitch Romanov of Russia (one of the assassins of Rasputin), and producer-director Jed Harris. For a period of years she also was the lover of Isabelle Kemp, an heiress to a New York drug-store and real-estate fortune.

Career.

In the early 1930s, she worked as a personal shopper in New York City, acting as a fashion advisor to wealthy socialites too busy to shop and too unsure of their personal style. Later, after moving to Europe with her first husband, she operated dress shops on Majorca. She also worked for the couturier Elsa Schiaparelli in London and Paris and often was seen in society columns dressed in the firm's latest creations.  In the early 1940s, she and a friend, Louise Macy, a former editor of "Harper's Bazaar", opened Macy-Potter, a short-lived fashion house, in New York City. The firm was bankrolled by a monetary settlement from Macy's former lover, millionaire John Hay Whitney, a.k.a. Jock Whitney, who had left her to marry Betsey Cushing, a former daughter-in-law of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Though Macy-Potter's first (and only) collection was a critical and financial disaster, Potter went on to design a collection for Marshall Field and later to direct the custom-fashion division of Hattie Carnegie, the New York fashion company, succeeding Jean Louis, who left in 1943 to become chief fashion designer for Columbia Pictures.  She remained at Hattie Carnegie for nearly a decade and was known professionally as Mrs. Fairfax Potter. Philippe de Rothschild and Joan Littlewood, "Milady Vine: The Autobiography of Philippe de Rothschild" (London: Jonathan Cape, 1984) Among her clients were the Duchess of Windsor, automotive heiress Thelma Chrysler Foy, actress Gertrude Lawrence, actress Ina Claire, and prominent others. She also designed the women's costumes for John Huston's Broadway 1946 production of "No Exit" by Jean-Paul Sartre, starring Ruth Ford and Annabella. The gown she designed for Ford is in the collection of the Museum of the City of New York.  Potter also worked briefly as an uncredited fashion model. One assignment for "Harper's Bazaar" had her posing in the latest Grecian-style gowns for the photographer Louise Dahl-Wolfe.

Second marriage.

On 8 April 1954, after several years as one of his several mistresses, she became the second wife of Baron Philippe de Rothschild, a noted playboy and poet who was the owner of the fabled French winery Château Mouton Rothschild. The baron's previous wife, Elisabeth Pelletier de Chambure, died in 1945 in Ravensbrück concentration camp.  By this marriage, she had one stepchild, Philippine de Rothschild (1933–2014).

Literary pursuits.

de Rothschild admired the works of the Japanese novelist Yukio Mishima and the stories of Danish writer Isak Dinesen, and she hoped to make her mark as a writer. Her articles about fashion, travel, and other subjects were published in "Harper's Bazaar" and "Vogue" (the latter's editor in chief, Diana Vreeland, was a distant cousin). In 1966, Harcourt Brace published her only book, "The Irrational Journey", a brief, atmospheric memoir of a trip she and her husband took to the Soviet Union in the dead of winter.

Death.

Pauline de Rothschild died on 8 March 1976, of a heart attack in the lobby of the Biltmore Hotel, in Santa Barbara, California. She previously had been diagnosed with breast cancer and had undergone open-heart surgery for a deteriorated valve in 1975. Rothschild's health problems were exacerbated by Marfan's syndrome, a genetic abnormality.

Burial.

She is buried on the grounds of Château Mouton Rothschild in Pauillac, Bordeaux, France, beneath a translucent tomb made of Lalique glass and marble. The monument also contains the remains of her second husband and his parents, Mathilde and Henri de Rothschild.

Pauline, Baroness de Rothschild (née Potter; December 31, 1908 – March 8, 1976) was a writer, a fashion designer, and, with her second husband, a translator of both Elizabethan poetry and the plays of Christopher Fry. She was the only woman named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1969, alongside Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Dean Acheson, Angier Biddle Duke, Cary Grant, and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Pauline Fairfax-Potter, Baroness de Rothschild (* 31. Dezember 1908 in Passy bei Paris; † 8. März 1976 in Santa Barbara, Kalifornien) war eine US-amerikanische Modeikone, Designerin, Schriftstellerin und Grande Dame.


Life.

Pokrovsky attended the law schools of the Moscow State University and St Petersburg University. In 1889, he began his career at the Ministry of Finance. In 1902-1903, Pokrovsky was a deputy chairman (chairman from 1904) of the Department of Taxation of the Ministry of Finance. In 1906, he was appointed deputy finance minister and mainly oversaw taxation affairs. In 1914-1916, Pokrovsky was a member of the State Council (retaining his post of the deputy finance minister until July 1914). From January to November 1916, Pokrovsky held the post of state inspector.

Minister of Foreign Affairs.

On 30 November 1916 (N.S) he was appointed minister of foreign affairs. He succeeded Boris Stürmer, in favour of a peace treaty with Germany, and took over the office from Stürmer's deputy Anatoly Neratov. Some of the English newspapers regarded his nomination as a sign of final suppression of Germanophilic agitation in Russia; a defeat for Rasputin and his friends. On his first speech in the Duma on 2 December Pokrovsky announced in the Imperial Duma that the treaty of 1915 with Great Britain and France (later signed by Italy, as well) had finally established Russia’s right on the straits and Constantinople. On 12 December the German Chancellor, Bethmann-Hollweg, in a speech in the Reichstag, offered to open negotiations with the Entente in a neutral country. On 15 December Pokrovsky said that Russia would never sign a peace treaty with the Central Powers, which caused a storm of applause in the Duma.  Pokrovsky favored the attraction of the American financial capital into the Russian economy. With the support of the Ministry of Finance, he proposed to send a special commission on economic and financial affairs to the United States. In January 1917, Pokrovsky prepared a document, in which he defended the idea of establishing close ties with the US in light of this country’s potentially decisive role in ending the war. In his note to the Tsar from 21 February Pokrovsky expressed his confidence in victory over Germany and inquired about a possibility to prepare an expeditionary force for deployment in Constantinople by October 1917. During a session of the Council of Ministers on 25 February 1917, Pokrovsky proposed the resignation of the whole government. He was sent to negotiate this matter with the Duma and Progressive Bloc. On 26 February Pokrovsky reported about his negotiations with the Bloc (led by Vasili Maklakov) at the session of the Council of Ministers in the Mariinsky Palace. The Bloc spoke for the resignation of the government. After the February Revolution, Pokrovsky headed the Russo-American Committee on Assistance to the Economic Rapprochement between Russia and the US. After the October Revolution, Pokrovsky emigrated from Russia and taught at the Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, Lithuania, where he died in 1930.

Nikolai Nikolayevich Pokrovsky () (27 January 1865, St Petersburg – 12 December 1930, Kaunas) was a (nationalist) Russian politician and the last foreign minister of the Russian Empire.

Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Pokrowski (; * ; † 12. Dezember 1930 in Kaunas) war ein russischer Politiker und letzter Außenminister des Russischen Kaiserreiches.


History.

Tribes of Chippewa and Sioux had encampments on nearby Medicine Lake. The first white settlers arrived in the early 1850s. Golden Valley was incorporated December 17, 1886. In the early twentieth century, it was mostly a farming community.

Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and is water.  The 45th parallel north runs through Golden Valley, coinciding approximately with Duluth Street.  Interstate 394, U.S. Highway 169, and Minnesota State Highways 55 and 100 are four of the main routes in the area.

Education.

Most children who live in Golden Valley attend the Robbinsdale School District or the Hopkins School District, as all of the territory of the city belongs to one or the other school district. Some students attend public schools in other school districts chosen by their families under Minnesota's open enrollment statute.  Golden Valley High School was founded in 1957, and the adjacent Golden Valley Middle School was opened in 1964, and were closed in the early 1980s after the Golden Valley School District merged with the Hopkins School District. Carl Sandburg Junior High School opened in 1959. In 1988, it became Sandburg Middle School. In 1981, the Breck School, a private Episcopal school, purchased the former Golden Valley High School and Middle School property and moved from Minneapolis to the campus of the former Golden Valley schools.  King of Grace Lutheran School is a Christian preschool, elementary school, and middle school of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod in Golden Valley.  There is also a private elementary Catholic School named Good Shepherd Catholic School. Its name was changed in 2006 from the former Parkvalley Catholic.  What is currently the site of the Perpich Center for Arts Education was originally the Golden Valley Lutheran College, which closed in 1985.

Economy.

Major employers in the city include:  Even though the population of Golden Valley is around 20,000, more than 30,000 people work in Golden Valley. This is because of the presence of large employers including General Mills, Honeywell, and Pentair.

Top employers.

According to Golden Valley's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were:

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 20,371 people, 8,816 households, and 5,417 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 9,349 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 85.4% White, 7.1% African American, 0.4% Native American, 3.5% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.  There were 8,816 households of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.6% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.84.  The median age in the city was 45.7 years. 19.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 30.9% were from 45 to 64; and 20.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 20,281 people, 8,449 households, and 5,508 families living in the city. The population density was 1,982.3 people per square mile (765.4/km2). There were 8,589 housing units at an average density of 839.5 per square mile (324.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.07% White, 3.59% African American, 0.29% Native American, 2.87% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.55% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.76% of the population.  There were 8,449 households out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.84.  In the city, the population was spread out with 20.6% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $62,063, and the median income for a family was $75,899 (these figures had risen to $77,976 and $87,828 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $49,890 versus $35,967 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,094. About 0.8% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government.

Golden Valley is a statutory city, where the Mayor votes with the City Council. Golden Valley operates under the council–manager form of government. The City Council sets the policy and overall direction for the city, and appoints a city manager to serve as administrator. The city manager directs city staff in carrying out council decisions and providing services.  The Mayor serves a four-year term. There are four council members serving staggered four-year terms. Two council seats are up for election every two years, in odd-numbered years. The council members run citywide; there are no wards. The current Mayor is Shep Harris. The current City Council includes Larry Fonnest, Maurice Harris, Gillian Rosenquist and Kimberly Sanberg.

Politics.

Golden Valley is located in Minnesota's 5th congressional district, represented in the U.S. House of Representatives by Minneapolis activist and organizer Ilhan Omar, a Democrat. The city is split between two state legislative districts: 46A, represented by Representative Ryan Winkler and Senator Ron Latz, and 45B, represented by Representative Mark Freiberg and Senator Ann Rest. All four are Democrats.

Notable people.

Reid Anderson, Bass player of The Bad Plus

Golden Valley is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. It is a western suburb of Minneapolis and is the main corporate headquarters of General Mills and Pentair. Golden Valley is also the home of NBC affiliate KARE, Honeywell off-shoot Resideo Technologies, the Perpich Center for Arts Education and Breck School. The population was 20,371 at the 2010 census.

Golden Valley ist eine Stadt im Hennepin County im US-Bundesstaat Minnesota. Sie liegt westlich von Minneapolis in der Metropolregion der Twin Cities und hat rund 20.000 Einwohner.


Biography.

Early life.

Huang was a descendant of Huang Tingjian, a Chinese artist, scholar, government official, and poet of the Song dynasty. Huang Xing began his studies at the prestigious South Changsha Academy in 1893, and received his Jinshi degree when he was only 22 years old. In 1898 Huang was selected to complete further study at Wuchang Lianghu College, from which Huang graduated in 1901. In 1902 Huang was selected by Zhang Zhidong to study abroad in Japan, and was enrolled in the Tokyo Hongwen University.  While in Japan, Huang developed an appreciation for the study of military affairs, and studied modern warfare under a Japanese officer in his leisure time. While living in Japan Huang practiced horsemanship and shooting every morning. Huang's military training in Japan prepared him for his later role as a Chinese revolutionary.

Taking up the sword.

In 1903, Huang organized the Anti-Russia Volunteer Army () of over two hundred fellow students in Japan. The Army, quickly shut down by authorities in Japan, was intended to protest Russia's growing hegemony over Outer Mongolia and its occupation of northeast China after the Boxer Uprising. Later in 1903 Huang returned to China and organized a meeting with Chen Tianhua, Song Jiaoren, and more than 20 other people. The group founded the Huaxinghui, a secret revolutionary party dedicated to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. Huang Xing was elected president.  The Huaxinghui cooperated with other revolutionary parties, and in 1905 scheduled an armed uprising in Changsha during the Empress Dowager's seventieth birthday celebration. The Huaxinghui's plan was discovered, and its members (including Huang) were forced to escape to Japan. In Japan, Huang met Sun Yat-sen and helped Sun found the Tongmenghui, another revolutionary party dedicated to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. Huang held the post of General Affairs Officer, and became the Tongmenghui's second most important leader, after Sun. Following the founding of the Tongmenghui, Huang devoted his time and energy to the revolution.

Attempted uprisings.

In 1907 Huang secretly returned to China and traveled to Hanoi in French Indochina in order to participate in numerous revolts, including the Qinzhou Uprising, Fangcheng Uprising, and Zhen Nanguan Uprising. All of the revolts that Huang actively took part in failed due to lack of sufficient resources. In the autumn of 1909, Huang was commissioned by Sun Yat-sen to establish the South Branch of the Tongmenghui, and to prepare the Party for a planned military uprising from Guangzhou. In the spring of 1909, Huang led another uprising, but this revolt also failed. In October 1909, Huang presided over an assembly with Sun Yat-sen in the British colony of Penang (now part of Malaysia). The assembly decided to concentrate human and financial resources to stage further uprisings in Guangzhou.  In the spring of 1911, Huang established the Department of the Guangzhou Uprising in Hong Kong, and became the Department's minister. On April 27, Huang launched the Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou, and led hundreds of people in an attempt to capture the viceroy of Guangdong and Guangxi. Huang and his followers failed to capture the viceroy, who climbed over a wall in order to escape them. During the skirmish, Huang sustained serious injuries and sustained a gunshot wound to his hand, resulting in losing two of his fingers. The Huanghuagang Uprising turned out to be the last unsuccessful revolt before the Wuchang Uprising, that ultimately succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty by the end of 1911.  Following the Wuchang Uprising in October 1911, Huang Xing traveled from Shanghai to Wuchang and commanded the revolutionary forces in the Battle of Yangxia against Qing loyalist forces of Yuan Shikai.

Opposing Yuan Shikai.

On January 1, 1912, the Nanjing Interim Government was established, and Huang was selected to be one of its leaders. In August 1912, Huang became the director of the KMT. In March 1912, the provisional president of the newly formed Republic of China, Yuan Shikai, successfully assassinated the chairman of the KMT, Song Jiaoren, whose party had won China's first elections and who had shown indications of a desire to limit Yuan's powers within the new government.  In 1913, Yuan Shikai expelled KMT members from all government offices and moved the government to Beijing. Huang stayed in Nanjing and attempted to reorganize the South Army in order to oppose Yuan. Because of a shortage of money, Huang's army later mutinied, and Huang had to abandon Nanjing and retreat to the foreign concession areas of Shanghai. Sun Yat-sen again fled to Japan in November 1913.  In July 1913, Sun organized armed forces to suppress Yuan, and the Second Revolution broke out. On July 14, Huang went to Nanjing from Shanghai, convinced the military governor of Jiangsu to declare independence from Yuan, and pushed to be the military commander in charge suppressing Yuan's forces in Jiangsu. After Huang's rebellion in Jiangsu failed, Huang fled back to Japan.

Final years.

Huang went into exile in the United States in 1914, and Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor in 1915. While abroad, Huang raised funds in order to raise a Yunnan National Protection Army to suppress Yuan. After the death of Yuan, in June 1916, Huang returned to China. On October 1916, Huang died in Shanghai at the age of 42 because of cirrhosis On April 15, 1917, Huang was given a state funeral, and was buried in Changsha on Yuelu Mountain.

Family.

Children:

Remembrance.

In popular culture.

Huang Xing is portrayed by Jackie Chan in the film "1911", released in 2011 on the 100th anniversary of the Wuchang Uprising.

Huang Xing or Huang Hsing (; 25 October 1874 – 31 October 1916) was a Chinese revolutionary leader and politician, and the first commander-in-chief of the Republic of China. As one of the founders of the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Republic of China, his position was second only to Sun Yat-sen. Together they were known as Sun-Huang during the Xinhai Revolution. He was also known as the "Eight Fingered General" because of wounds sustained during war. His tomb is on Mount Yuelu, in Changsha, Hunan, China.

Huang Xing (; * 1874; † 1916) war Mitglied der Tongmenghui und einer der wichtigsten Gefolgsleute von Sun Yat-sen. Er führte die Truppen der Tongmenghui während der Xinhai-Revolution von 1911. Er gehörte zu den Mitbegründern der Kuomintang und war der erste Oberbefehlshaber der Streitkräfte der chinesischen Republik.


History.

Construction.

The Gudgeonville Bridge was constructed around 1868 and was rebuilt in the early 1870s after a fire. The bridge is located in Girard Township and crosses Elk Creek. The bridge was built and designed by William Sherman. The foundation of the bridge is believed to be remnants of the Erie Extension Canal. The name of the bridge has been a mystery with some sources indicating that the bridge was constructed to provide access to a gudgeon factory.

Modern use and status.

The bridge has been damaged from numerous small fires and has been the site of constant vandalism over the years. There were several proposals to dismantle the bridge and move it to a more secure location where it would not be vandalized. Another proposal was to build another bridge to bypass the original bridge, as it is too narrow to allow a variety of vehicles to cross it, including snowplows, fire trucks, and ambulances.  Evans' 2001 "Pennsylvania's covered bridges: a complete guide" described the bridge to be "structurally sound," but its general appearance to be "most disappointing". The Federal Highway Administration National Bridge Inventory found the sufficiency rating of the bridge structure to be only 14.6 percent. It found that the bridge's foundations were determined to "scour critical," meaning that the bridge's foundations were "determined to be unstable for the calculated scour conditions," and that the railing "does not meet currently acceptable standards". Its overall condition was deemed "basically intolerable requiring high priority of corrective action", with an estimated cost to improve the bridge of $107,000.

Destruction.

The Gudgeonville Covered Bridge caught fire around 1:40 am local time on November 8, 2008. The blaze was determined by the Pennsylvania State Police to have been an arson. On December 17, the State Police arrested two suspects after they confessed to dousing the bridge in gasoline and setting it on fire. The suspects were also involved in several other incidents in northern Crawford County and western Erie County. In August 2009, one of the arsonists was convicted and sentenced to 5 to 10 years in prison for the destruction of the bridge and for an unrelated charge. The other arsonist was sentenced to to 14 years for the fire and for a string of other crimes.  The remains of the bridge were lifted from its abutments and set in a nearby field and dismantled to allow for a temporary bridge to be built in its place on January 26. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) would not allow an exact replica of the covered bridge as it still would not be up to code. The temporary, prefabricated bridge was erected in August 2009, funded by an insurance policy held by the township. The new bridge was needed quickly as a permanent, concrete bridge would have taken three years to design and build. Without a bridge, traffic would have had to make a detour.

Bridge dimensions.

The following table is a comparison of published measurements of length, width and load recorded in different sources using different methods, as well as the name or names cited. NBI measures bridge length between the "backwalls of abutments" or pavement grooves and the roadway width as "the most restrictive minimum distance between curbs or rails". The NRHP form was prepared by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC), which surveyed county engineers, historical and covered bridge societies, and others for all the covered bridges in the commonwealth. The Evans visited every covered bridge in Pennsylvania in 2001 and measured each bridge's length (portal to portal) and width (at the portal) for their book. The data in Zacher's book was based on a 1991 survey of all covered bridges in Pennsylvania by the PHMC and PennDOT, aided by local government and private agencies. The article uses primarily the NBI and NRHP data, as they are national programs.

The Gudgeonville Covered Bridge was an long Multiple King-post Truss covered bridge over Elk Creek in Girard Township, Erie County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It was built in 1868 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 17, 1980. It was destroyed by arson on November 8, 2008.

Die Gudgeonville Covered Bridge war eine überdachte Holzbrücke in Girard und überquerte den Elk Creek im Erie County. Bei der Konstruktion handelte es sich um ein Fachwerk mit einfacher Hängesäule. Seit 1980 war die Brücke in das National Register of Historic Places eingetragen. Die Brücke wurde am 8. November 2008 durch Brandstiftung zerstört.


History.

Impact Wrestling was formed as NWA: Total Nonstop Action in May 2002. Later that same year, TNA was granted control over the NWA World Heavyweight and World Tag Team Championships by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) governing body; subsequently becoming an official NWA territory as NWA-TNA. On June 19, 2002, NWA-TNA held its first show; a weekly pay-per-view event. The main event of the telecast was a twenty-man Gauntlet for the Gold match in which 20 men sought to throw each other over the top rope and down to the floor in order to eliminate others, until there were two men left who wrestle a standard singles match to become the first ever TNA-era NWA World Heavyweight Champion. Ken Shamrock defeated Malice to win the vacant championship with Ricky Steamboat as the special guest referee at the event.

Creation.

The NWA World Heavyweight and World Tag Team Championships were contested for in TNA until the morning of May 13, 2007. On that day, NWA's Executive Director Robert Trobich announced that the NWA were ending their five-year agreement with TNA, which had allowed them full control over both titles. Trobich went on to state that effective that morning, then-NWA World Heavyweight Champion Christian Cage and then-NWA World Tag Team Champions Team 3D were stripped of their respective championships. The alleged motivation behind these actions was because Cage refused to defend the NWA World Heavyweight Championship against wrestlers from NWA territories. That same day, TNA were scheduled to produce their Sacrifice event, in which both Cage and Team 3D were to defend their respective championships. On the card, Cage was scheduled to defend the NWA World Heavyweight Championship against Kurt Angle and Sting in a match involving three competitors, also known as a three-way match.  That night, the onscreen graphic used to refer to the champions and their respective championships credited both Cage and Team 3D as still being NWA champions. However, the ring announcers for the encounters proclaimed the matches as being strictly for the "World Heavyweight Championship" and the "World Tag Team Championship". Angle defeated Cage and Sting to win the World Heavyweight Championship.  TNA held a set of tapings for the next two episodes of "Impact!" on May 14, with the episodes set to air on tape delay on May 17 and May 24. At the first taping, Angle came to the ring with the new TNA World Heavyweight Championship belt and announced that he was the "new TNA World Heavyweight Champion". TNA commentator Mike Tenay announced when Angle made his way to the ring that Management Director Jim Cornette, TNA's on-screen authority figure at the time, "made the decision that due to TNA's growing worldwide exposure, the company needed to have its own TNA title belts"; thereby not acknowledging the NWA ending their agreement with TNA and giving a storyline explanation as to why the championship was created. Later on during the broadcast, Cornette stripped Angle of the TNA World Heavyweight Championship due to a controversial finish to the match at Sacrifice. Cornette then announced the championship would be contested for at TNA's Slammiversary on June 17, 2007 in a King of the Mountain match—a match which involves five participants racing to gain a pinfall or submission to become eligible to hang a championship belt to win. On May 15, 2007, Jeremy Borash unveiled the TNA World Heavyweight Championship belt on that day's edition of TNA's online podcast "TNA Today". The five participants for the King of the Mountain match were determined in a series of standard wrestling matches that took place on "Impact!" leading up to the event, with Angle defeating Rhino in the first bout to gain entry on the May 17 episode of "Impact!". On the May 24 episode of "Impact!", Samoa Joe defeated Sting to become the second participant. The third qualification match was held on the May 31 episode of "Impact!" between A.J. Styles and Tomko, which Styles won. The next bout pitted Chris Harris against James Storm on the June 7 episode "Impact!", which ended in a double disqualification, therefore neither man advanced to the King of the Mountain match. The final qualification match was won by Christian Cage over Abyss on the June 14 episode of "Impact!". Angle ended up winning the King of the Mountain match at Slammiversary over Joe, Cage, Styles and Harris, who was a mystery participant chosen by Cornette, to become the "undisputed TNA World Heavyweight Champion".  In early 2017 After TNA rebranded as Impact Wrestling, the name of its flagship show, the TNA World Heavyweight Championship changed its name to the Impact Wrestling World Heavyweight Championship to reflect the name changes of the company.  At Slammiversary XV, GFW Global Champion Alberto El Patron defeated Impact Wrestling World Heavyweight Champion Bobby Lashley to unify the titles, with the GFW Global Championship being dropped and the Impact World Heavyweight Championship changing its name to the Unified GFW World Championship as Impact Wrestling began rebranding once again as GFW. In September 2017, GFW reverted their branding to Impact Wrestling.

Championship belt design.

During the championship's history it has had five designs, with the original title belt (which was unveiled in May 2007) having on its center plate an imprint of an eagle with its wings extended. The word "World" was placed above the eagle's head on a ribbon. The ribbon was wrapped around the bird's wings and body. Five stars were engraved on the ribbon when it passed over each of the bird's wings and the word "Champion" as it passed over the bird's talons. The words "Heavyweight Wrestling" were printed across the bird's chest. At the top of the center plate there was TNA logo. Four smaller side plates had an imprint of a globe centered with TNA's logo at the top and bottom of each. At each end of the title belt there was a small plate that covered the championship belt snaps with TNA's logo engraved on each.  At the November 8, 2010 tapings of the November 11 episode of "Impact!", TNA introduced a new design for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship belt, which the champion Jeff Hardy dubbed the "Immortal Championship", as part of the Immortal storyline. The new design consisted of a purple strap with a silver center plate depicting a masked head (designed to resemble Hardy's face with face paint), the TNA logo on the forehead and blue lines along the mask. There were four irregular dodecagonal side plates on the title belt, shaped like stars with rounded edges on two of the sides of these plates.  The Immortal title belt was replaced by the third design of the championship belt at the March 14, 2011 tapings of the March 17 episode of "Impact!", introduced by the reigning champion at the time, Sting. The design featured seven gold plates over a black leather strap. The center plate had faux diamonds aligned along its multiple rounded edges, similar to that of the Big Gold Belt. Over the center plate was a large TNA Wrestling logo and below it the words "Heavyweight Champion" engraved in silver. On each side of the center plate was a group of three smaller plates, one with a TNA logo engraved while the other two featured separate corresponding halves of a globe, on either side of the TNA logo side plate.  Following Slammiversary XV, both the TNA and original GFW Global Championship belts were used in connection to represent the unification of both titles. At Destination X 2017, the GFW Global Championship belt, with an updated color scheme and "Impact" logos on the side plates, became the sole belt used. Following departure of Jeff Jarrett from the promotion, the company reverted to the Impact Wrestling name and the title belt was updated with an Impact name plate to reflect the change.  A new title design was announced and introduced at Impact Wrestling's Redemption on April 22, 2018. The gold center plate has the Impact logo with an owl design on top of it and "World Champion" inscribed below the logo. On each side of the center plate is a group of four smaller gold plates, with the first two on each side featuring separate corresponding halves of a globe with "World" inscribed above the globes and "Champion" inscribed below them and the second pair featuring the Impact logo without an owl design. In 2020, the belt was modified, with red replacing the previous blue, to reflect the new color of the Impact Wrestling logo introduced following the move to AXS TV.

Reigns.

Overall, there have been 48 reigns shared among 27 wrestlers. The inaugural champion was Kurt Angle, who won the championship by defeating Christian Cage and Sting in a three-way match on May 13, 2007, at TNA's Sacrifice event. Angle's first reign also holds the record for shortest reign in the title's history, at 1 day. Angle also holds the record for the most reigns, at six. At days, Bobby Roode's first reign is the longest in the title's history. The title has been vacated five different times.  Tessa Blanchard is the current champion in her first reign. She won the title by defeating Sami Callihan, in an intergender match at Impact Wrestling Hard To Kill on January 12, 2020. She is also the only woman to win this title.

The Impact World Championship is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship owned and promoted by Impact Wrestling. It is the promotion's principal championship. Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won via the result of a predetermined match.

Die Impact World Championship ist der Weltschwergewichts Wrestling-Titel von Impact Wrestling. Eingeführt am 13. Mai 2007, nachdem TNA die rechte für die "NWA World Heavyweight Championship" entzogen worden sind, wird der Titel nur an männliche Einzelwrestler vergeben. Wie im Wrestling allgemein üblich erfolgt die Vergabe nach einer zuvor bestimmten Storyline.


Biography.

Traba's parents were Catalan immigrants, Francisco Traba and Marta Taín. She studied Letters at the University of Buenos Aires. Upon graduation she worked at the arts review journal "Ver y Estimar" ('Look and Consider'), under the editorship of the art critic Jorge Romero Brest.  From 1948 to 1950, Traba lived in Paris and took art history classes at La Sorbonne and the School of the Louvre. In Paris, she met her first husband, the Colombian journalist Alberto Zalamea, with whom she had two children, Gustavo and Fernando. In 1954, after a period in Italy and Argentina, the couple settled in Bogotá, Colombia. There, Traba taught art history at various universities, participated in television programs about art, and wrote art criticism for popular publications such as "El Tiempo," "Estampa," and "Semana." She became a celebrity and one of the leading authorities in contemporary art in Colombia.  In the early 1960s she co-founded and directed the Museum of Modern Art of Bogotá, which was later moved to the campus of the National University of Colombia. In 1967, during the government of President Carlos Lleras Restrepo, the military seized the campus of the National University of Colombia. After Traba publicly criticized these actions the government ordered her deportation, which was later rescinded on condition that Traba resign from all her official posts and refrained from political commentary. Traba left Colombia in 1969. With her second husband, the Uruguayan literary critic Ángel Rama she lived and worked in Montevideo, Caracas, and San Juan de Puerto Rico, often teaching at the local universities and publishing her often provocative art criticism.  In 1979, Traba and Rama settled in the Washington, DC area, as Rama was a tenured professor at the University of Maryland. Traba continued to lecture at various universities while preparing a catalog and a book based on the collection of the Art Museum of the Americas of the Organization of American States. In 1982, when the Ronald Reagan administration denied Traba and Rama permanent residency the couple moved to Paris. They were both killed along with Mexican novelist and playwright Jorge Ibargüengoitia and Peruvian novelist, poet, and political activist Manuel Scorza on 27 November 1983 when Avianca Flight 011 crashed near Madrid-Barajas airport. They were on the plane on their way to Colombia.

Publications.

Traba published more than 20 books and around 1,000 articles about art. In 1958, she published "El museo vacío," a book concerning modern art in which she adopted aesthetic notions by Benedetto Croce and Wilhelm Worringer. Traba also published numerous provocative essays about Latin American art: "La pintura nueva en Latinoamérica" (1961), "Dos décadas vulnerables en las artes plásticas latinoamericanas (1950–1970)" (1973), and "Arte de América Latina 1900–1980." She also supported with her writings the work of numerous Colombian artists such as Alejandro Obregón, Fernando Botero, Leopoldo Richter (1896-1984),, Eduardo Ramírez Villamizar,, Edgar Negret, Feliza Bursztyn and.  In 1966, Traba began to publish novels. Her first novel "Las ceremonias del verano" (1966) received a prestigious award from the Casa de las Americas in Cuba. Amongst her other novels are "Conversación al sur" (1981) (English version: "Mothers and Shadows", translated by Jo Labanyi) which details the struggles of two women during the Dirty War in Argentina.

External links.

Marta Traba reading from her novel "Homérica Latina""." Recorded at Library of Congress, Hispanic Division, on June 10, 1980.

Marta Traba (Buenos Aires, 25 January 1930 – Madrid, 27 November 1983) was an art critic and writer known for her contributions to Latin American art and literature.

Marta Traba (* 25. Januar 1930 in Buenos Aires; † 27. November 1983 in Mejorada del Campo, Spanien) war eine argentinische Schriftstellerin und Kunsthistorikerin. Da sie lange Zeit in Kolumbien gelebt hat, wird sie häufig auch der Kultur dieses Landes zugerechnet.


Winners.

In 1954 Locke and Rees both scored 69 in the 18-hole playoff. Locke won with a par 3 at the 8th sudden-death hole. In 1956 Van Donck and Brown both scored 71 in the 18-hole playoff. Van Donck then won with a par 3 at the 4th sudden-death hole. In 1985 the first day's play was abandoned and the course then reduced in length because of flooded fairways. The new par was set to 66 and the event shortened to 54 holes. In 1996 the tournament was reduced to 54 holes after the final day's play was abandoned.

Baden-Baden Open Championship of Germany.

In 1911 the Baden-Baden golf club organised a 72-hole tournament which they called the "Open Championship of Germany". The German Golf Association, of which Baden-Baden was a member, objected to the use of name. Owing to the disagreement the Baden-Baden club withdrew from the German Golf Association. The Championship was played on 18 and 19 August with total prize money of £250. Harry Vardon, with rounds of 69 and 67, had a 6 stroke lead after the first day. Further rounds of 71 and 72 gave him a score of 279 and a 9 stroke victory. Vardon's total was reckoned to be the lowest in a 72-hole competition. All the players agreed that the event was to be considered "the Open Championship of Germany".  The event was staged again, on 20 and 21 August 1912, with prize money doubled to 10,000 marks (£500). The German Golf Association again objected to the use of the title but the prize money attracted most of the leading British professionals. In the first round Charles Mayo broke Vardon's course record with a 65 but J.H. Taylor led at the end of the day on 133. On the final day Taylor had rounds of 73 and 73 but was caught by Ted Ray. Ray had lost two balls in his first round of 75 but three excellent rounds brought him into the joint lead. A nine-hole playoff was arranged in the evening which Taylor won with an incredible score of 28 compared to Ray's 34. The prize money was the largest ever given for a tournament in Europe.

The German Open was a men's golf tournament. It was first staged in 1911 when the winner was Harry Vardon. The following year the champion was another of the Great Triumvirate of late 19th and early 20th century British golfers, John Henry Taylor. The tournament was then not played again for over a decade. It was played each year from 1926 to 1939; Percy Alliss won five times in this era, Auguste Boyer four times and Henry Cotton three.

Die German Open waren ein Golfturnier das erstmals 1911 ausgetragen wurde. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde die Veranstaltung 1951 wiederbelebt und an verschiedenen Orten ausgetragen. Seit 1978 gab es verschiedene Namenssponsoren, nach denen die Veranstaltung "Braun German Open", "Lufthansa German Open" und "Volvo German Open" genannt wurde.


Isomers of xylidine.

2,3-xylidine.

2,3-xylidine, also called o-xylidine, 2,3-dimethylaniline, 2,3-xylylamine, or 2,3-dimethylphenylamine, is a liquid with melting point 2.5 °C and boiling point 222 °C, and flash point at 96 °C. It is used in production of mefenamic acid, dyes, and pesticides.

2,4-xylidine.

2,4-xylidine, also called 2-methyl-p-toluidine, 2,4-dimethylaniline, 2,4-xylylamine, or 2,4-dimethylphenylamine, is a liquid with melting point 16 °C, boiling point 217 °C, and flash point at 90 °C. It is used for production of pesticides, dyes, and other chemicals.

2,5-xylidine.

2,5-xylidine, also called p-xylidine, 2,5-dimethylaniline, 2,5-xylylamine, or 2,5-dimethylphenylamine, is a liquid with melting point 11.5 °C and boiling point 215 °C. It is used for production of dyes and other chemicals.

2,6-xylidine.

2,6-Xylidine, also called 2,6-dimethylaniline, 2,6-xylylamine, or 2,6-dimethylphenylamine, is a liquid with melting point 8.4 °C and boiling point 216 °C. It is used in production of some anesthetics and other chemicals.

3,4-xylidine.

3,4-xylidine, also called 3,4-dimethylaniline, 3,4-xylylamine, or 3,4-dimethylphenylamine, is a crystalline solid with melting point 51 °C and boiling point 226 °C. It is used as a raw material for production of vitamin B, dyes, pesticides, and other chemicals.

3,5-xylidine.

3,5-xylidine, also called 3,5-dimethylaniline, 3,5-xylylamine, or 3,5-dimethylphenylamine, is a liquid with melting point 9.8 °C and boiling point 220–221 °C. It is used for production of pesticides, dyes, and other chemicals.

Safety.

The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for xylidine exposure in the workplace as 5 ppm (25 mg/m) skin exposure over an eight-hour workday. The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 ppm (10 mg/m) skin exposure over an eight-hour workday. At levels of 50 ppm, xylidine is immediately dangerous to life and health.  Their risk and safety phrases are.

Xylidine can refer to any of the six isomers of xylene amine, or any mixture of them. The chemical formula of xylidines is CHN or, more descriptively, (CH)CHNH. The CAS number for the isomer mixture is. They are colorless solids or liquids, although commercial samples can appear yellow or darker. They are miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether and slightly soluble in water. Xylidines are used in production of pigments and dyestuffs, and various antioxidants, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, hypergolic propellants, and many other organic chemicals.

Die Xylidine (auch Aminoxylole oder Dimethylaniline genannt) sind aromatische Amine mit der allgemeinen Formel CH(CH)NH oder als Summenformel CHN, von denen es sechs Konstitutionsisomere gibt. Man kann sie als Amino-Derivate der Xylole auffassen. Sie entstehen u. a. als Nebenprodukte bei der fraktionierten Destillation von Steinkohlenteer.


Medical uses.

Molsidomine is used for the prevention and long-term treatment of stable and unstable angina pectoris, with or without left heart failure. It is also used to treat angina in the context of an acute myocardial infarction.

Contraindications.

The drug must not be used in patients with acute cardiac arrest or severe hypotension (low blood pressure), during lactation, and in combination with PDE5 inhibitors such as sildenafil.

Side effects.

The most common adverse effects are headache, which occurs in 10–25% of patients, and low blood pressure. Side effects occurring in fewer than 1% of patients include dizziness, nausea, reflex tachycardia (fast heartbeat), hypersensitivity reactions, as well as thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet count) in rare cases.

Interactions.

The blood pressure lowering effect of molsidomine can be amplified significantly by PDE5 inhibitors, potentially leading to fainting or myocardial infarction, and to a lesser extent by other antihypertensive drugs such as beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, or other nitrovasodilators. Ergolines can antagonise the effects of molsidomine.

Pharmacology.

Mechanism of action.

Molsidomine belongs to the drug class of nitrovasodilators. It releases NO, which acts as a gaseous signaling molecule, relaxing the smooth muscles of blood vessels.

Pharmacokinetics.

The substance is quickly and almost completely (>90%) absorbed from the gut. Molsidomine is a prodrug that is hydrolysed to linsidomine (SIN-1) in the liver via first-pass effect, which subsequently releases NO. 44–59% of molsidomine reach the bloodstream in unchanged form, 3–11% of which are bound to plasma proteins. Both molsidomine and linsidomine reach their highest concentrations in the blood plasma after one to two hours. Linsidomine has a biological half-life of one to two hours. More than 90% are excreted via the kidney.

Chemistry.

Molsidomine and linsidomine are sydnone imines, a class of mesoionic heterocyclic aromatic chemical compounds. Molsidomine melts at, is freely soluble in chloroform, soluble in aqueous hydrochloric acid, ethanol, ethyl acetate and methanol, sparingly soluble in water and acetone, and very slightly soluble in diethyl ether and petroleum ether. It is stable in aqueous solutions at pH 5–7, but not in alkaline solutions. Its absorption maximum is in the near ultraviolet, at 326 nm, in chloroform. The substance is sensitive to ultraviolet light at wavelengths shorter than 320 nm.

Synthesis.

Its synthesis starts by reacting 1-aminomorpholine with formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide to give 2. Nitrosation gives the N-nitroso analog (3) which cyclizes to the sydnone (4) on treatment with anhydrous acid. Formation of the ethyl urethane is then made possible by reacting linsidomine with ethyl chloroformate.

History.

The substance was first synthesised at Takeda in 1970. Its antihypertensive and vasodilating properties were discovered the same year.

Molsidomine (trade names Corvasal, Corvaton and many others) is an orally active, long acting vasodilating drug used to treat angina pectoris. Molsidomine is metabolized in the liver to the active metabolite linsidomine. Linsidomine is an unstable compound that releases nitric oxide (NO) upon decay as the actual vasodilating compound.

Molsidomin gehört zur Gruppe der nicht-enzymatischen Stickstoffmonoxiddonatoren. Dieses Medikament setzt Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) frei und führt damit zu einer Gefäßdilatation mit Senkung der Wandspannung der Koronargefäße (Herzkranzgefäße), es wird daher zur Behandlung der "Angina pectoris" bei koronarer Herzkrankheit und zur Behandlung einer akut dekompensierten Herzinsuffizienz eingesetzt.


Signs and symptoms.

The signs and symptoms can include:  Typically, a lesion presents in the form of a lump or ulcer on the labia majora and may be associated with itching, irritation, local bleeding or discharge, in addition to pain with urination or pain during sexual intercourse. The labia minora, clitoris, perineum and mons are less commonly involved. Due to modesty or embarrassment, people may put off seeing a doctor.  Melanomas tend to display the typical asymmetry, uneven borders and dark discoloration as do melanomas in other parts of the body.  Adenocarcinoma can arise from the Bartholin gland and present with a painful lump.

Causes.

Two main pathophysiological pathways are currently understood to contribute to development of vulvar cancer - human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and chronic inflammation or autoimmunity affecting the vulvar area.  HPV DNA can be found in up to 87% of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and 29% of invasive vulvar cancers; HPV 16 is the most commonly detected subtype in VIN and vulvar cancer, followed by HPV 33 and HPV 18. VIN is a superficial lesion of the skin that has not invaded the basement membrane—or a pre-cancer. VIN may progress to carcinoma-in-situ and, eventually, squamous cell cancer.  Chronic inflammatory conditions of the vulva that may be precursors to vulvar cancer include lichen sclerosus, which can predispose to differentiated VIN.

Risk factors.

Risk factors for vulvar cancer are largely related to the causal pathways above, involving exposure or infection with the HPV virus and/or acquired or innate auto-immunity.

Diagnosis.

Examination of the vulva is part of the gynecologic evaluation and should include a thorough inspection of the perineum, including areas around the clitoris and urethra, and palpation of the Bartholin's glands. The exam may reveal an ulceration, lump or mass in the vulvar region. Any suspicious lesions need to be sampled, or biopsied. This can generally be done in an office setting under local anesthesia. Small lesions can be removed under local anesthesia as well. Additional evaluation may include a chest X-ray, an intravenous pyelogram, cystoscopy or proctoscopy, as well as blood counts and metabolic assessment.

Types.

Many cancer can develop in vulvar structures.

Squamous cell carcinoma.

Most vulvar cancer (approximately 90%) is squamous cell carcinoma, which originates from epidermal squamous cells, the most common type of skin cell. Carcinoma-in-situ is a precursor lesion of squamous cell cancer that does not invade through the basement membrane. While this type of lesion is more common with older age, young women with risk factors may also be affected. In the elderly, complications may occur due to the presence of other medical conditions.  Squamous lesions tend to arise in a single site and occur most commonly in the vestibule. They grow by local extension and spread via the local lymph system. The lymphatics of the labia drain to the upper vulva and mons, then to both superficial and deep inguinal and femoral lymph nodes. The last deep femoral node is called the Cloquet’s node. Spread beyond this node reaches the lymph nodes of the pelvis. The tumor may also invade nearby organs such as the vagina, urethra, and rectum and spread via their lymphatics.  A verrucous carcinoma of the vulva is a rare subtype of squamous cell cancer and tends to appear as a slowly growing wart. Verrucous vulvar cancers tend to have good overall prognoses.

Melanoma.

Melanoma is the second most common type of vulvar cancer and causes 8–10% of vulvar cancer cases. These lesions arise from melanocytes, the cells that give skin color and are most common in Caucasian women 50–80 years old. Melanoma of the vulva behaves like melanoma in any other location and may affect a much younger population.  There are three distinct types of vulvar melanoma: superficial spreading, nodular, and acral lentigous melanoma. Vulvar melanomas are unique in that they are microstaged with the Chung, Clark and/or Breslow systems, which specify stage and tumor depth of invasion. In general, they come with a high risk of metastasis and carry a poor overall prognosis.

Basal cell carcinoma.

Basal cell carcinoma makes up about 1–2% of vulvar cancer. These tend to be slow-growing lesions on the labia majora but can occur anywhere on the vulva. Their behavior is similar to basal cell cancers in other locations. They often grow locally and have low risk for deep invasion or metastasis.  Treatment involves excision, but these lesions have a tendency to recur if not completely removed.

Bartholin gland carcinoma.

The Bartholin gland is a rare malignancy and usually occurs in women in their mid-sixties.

Other lesions.

Other lesions, such as adenocarcinoma (of the Bartholin glands, for example) or sarcoma, may cause vulvar cancer as well. Erythroplasia of Queyrat, typically found on the penis may affect the vulvae in females.

Staging.

Anatomical staging supplemented preclinical staging starting in 1988. FIGO’s revised TNM classification system uses tumor size (T), lymph node involvement (N) and presence or absence of metastasis (M) as criteria for staging. Stages I and II describe the early stages of vulvar cancer that still appear to be confined to the site of origin. Stage III cancers include greater disease extension to neighboring tissues and inguinal lymph nodes on one side. Stage IV indicates metastatic disease to inguinal nodes on both sides or distant metastases.

Differential diagnosis.

Other cancerous lesions in the differential diagnosis include Paget's disease of the vulva and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Non-cancerous vulvar diseases include lichen sclerosus, squamous cell hyperplasia, and vulvar vestibulitis. A number of diseases cause infectious lesions including herpes genitalis, human papillomavirus, syphilis, chancroid, granuloma inguinale, and lymphogranuloma venereum.

Treatment.

Surgery is a mainstay of therapy depending on anatomical staging and is usually reserved for cancers that have not spread beyond the vulva. Surgery may involve a wide local excision, radical partial vulvectomy, or radical complete vulvectomy with removal of vulvar tissue, inguinal and femoral lymph nodes. In cases of early vulvar cancer, the surgery may be less extensive and consist of wide excision or a simple vulvectomy. Surgery is significantly more extensive when the cancer has spread to nearby organs such as the urethra, vagina, or rectum. Complications of surgery include wound infection, sexual dysfunction, edema and thrombosis, as well as lymphedema secondary to dissected lymph nodes.  Sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection is the identification of the main lymph node(s) draining the tumor, with the aim of removing as few nodes as possible, decreasing the risk of adverse effects. Location of the sentinel node(s) may require the use of technetium(99m)-labeled nano-colloid, or a combination of technetium and 1% isosulfan blue dye, wherein the combination may reduce the number of women with "'missed"' groin node metastases compared with technetium only.  Radiation therapy may be used in more advanced vulvar cancer cases when disease has spread to the lymph nodes and/or pelvis. It may be performed before or after surgery. In early vulvar cancer, primary radiotherapy to the groin results in less morbidity but may be linked with a higher risk of groin recurrence and reduced survival compared to surgery. Chemotherapy is not usually used as primary treatment but may be used in advanced cases with spread to the bones, liver or lungs. It may also be given at a lower dose together with radiation therapy.  There is no significant difference in overall survival or treatment‐related adverse effects in women with locally advanced vulval cancer when comparing primary chemoradiation or neoadjuvant chemoradiation with primary surgery. There is a need for good quality studies comparing various primary treatments.  Women with vulvar cancer should have routine follow-up and exams with their oncologist, often every 3 months for the first 2–3 years after treatment. They should not have routine surveillance imaging to monitor the cancer unless new symptoms appear or tumor markers begin rising. Imaging without these indications is discouraged because it is unlikely to detect a recurrence or improve survival and is associated with its own side effects and financial costs.

Prognosis.

Overall, five-year survival rates for vulvar cancer are around 78% but may be affected by individual factors including cancer stage, cancer type, patient age and general medical health. Five-year survival is greater than 90% for patients with stage I lesions but decreases to 20% when pelvic lymph nodes are involved. Lymph node involvement is the most important predictor of prognosis.  Prognosis depends on the stage of cancer, which refers the amount and spread of cancer in the body. The stages are broken into 4 categories. Stage one also called "localized" and is when the cancer is limited to one part of the body. This has the highest survival rate of 59%. When the cancer starts to spread this is referred to "distant" or "regional", this stage usually involves the cancer being spread to the lymph nodes. This survival rate is 29%. The third stage is when the cancer has metastasized and spread throughout the body, this is the lowest survival rate of 6%. When vulvar cancer is caught early that is when the survival rate is at its highest.

Epidemiology.

Vulvar cancer newly affected about 44,200 people and resulted in 15,200 deaths globally in 2018.  Vulvar cancer can be split up into two types. One starts as an infection by human papillomavirus, which leads to vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and potentially on to vulvar cancer. This is most common in younger women, predominantly under the age of 40. The second type is vulvar non-neoplastic epithelial disorders (VNED). This is most common in older women, due to the increased risk for developing cellular atypia which in turn leads to cancer.

United Kingdom.

Vulvar cancer causes less than 1% of all cancer cases and deaths but around 6% of all gynecologic cancers diagnosed in the UK. Around 1,200 women were diagnosed with the disease in 2011, and 400 women died in 2012. In the United Kingdom 7 out of 10 vulval cancer patients have major surgical resection as part of their cancer treatment. 22% of patients use radiotherapy and only 7% use chemotherapy as a treatment plan. There are very high survival rates, patients diagnosed with vulvar cancer have an 82% of living more than one year, a 64% chance of living at least 5 years and a 53% chance of living ten or more years. The rate of survival increases dependent on age of patient and the stage the cancer was found in.

United States.

In the United States, it newly occurred in about 6,070 people with 1,280 deaths a year. It makes up about 0.3% of new cancer cases, and 5% of gynecologic cancers in the United States. Vulvar cancer cases have been rising in the United States at an increase of.6% each year for the past ten years.

Vulvar cancer is a cancer of the vulva, the outer portion of the female genitals. It most commonly affects the outer vaginal lips. Less often, the inner vaginal lips, clitoris, or vaginal glands. Symptoms include a lump, itchiness, changes in the skin, or bleeding from the vulva. Risk factors include vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), HPV infection, genital warts, smoking, and many sexual partners. Most vulvar cancers are squamous cell cancers. Other types include adenocarcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Diagnosis is suspected based on physical examination and confirmed by tissue biopsy. Routine screening is not recommended. Prevention may include HPV vaccination. Standard treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biologic therapy. Vulvar cancer newly affected about 44,200 people and resulted in 15,200 deaths globally in 2018. In the United States, it newly occurred in about 6,070 people with 1,280 deaths a year. Onset is typically after the age of 45. The five-year survival rates for vulvar cancer is around 71% as of 2015. Outcomes, however, are affected by whether spread has occurred to lymph nodes.

Vulvakrebs und das Vulvakarzinom (Vulva: weibliche äußere Genitalorgane) sind seltene bösartige Tumorerkrankungen der äußeren Geschlechtsteile der Frau. Während der Begriff Vulvakrebs alle bösartigen Tumoren der Vulva umfasst, bezeichnet das Vulvakarzinom nur diejenigen bösartigen Tumoren der Vulva, die epithelialen Ursprungs sind. Diese machen jedoch bei weitem den Hauptteil aus. Betroffen sind meistens die großen Schamlippen, seltener die kleinen Schamlippen und der Bereich der Klitoris. Über 90 % der Tumoren sind Plattenepithelkarzinome. Bei den restlichen 10 % handelt es sich um Basalzellkarzinome, Adenokarzinome, Melanome, Karzinome der Bartholinschen Drüsen. Aber auch Sarkome, also bösartige Tumore, die von mesenchymalem Gewebe ausgehen, sind zu finden. Letztere gehen vom Bindegewebe der Vulva aus und zählen somit nicht zu den Vulvakarzinomen, fallen aber wohl unter den Begriff Vulvakrebs.


Project history.

Falconcity of Wonders L.L.C. is a subsidiary of Salem Ahmad Al Moosa Enterprises that was founded in 2005. After having a long delayed period in which 10% of the development was done, the project was re-initiated in February 2016 after US$2 billion funding for new developments.  The company having over 30 years of experience in the real-state sector covers an area of over 41 million square feet, featuring residential, commercial, leisure and mixed-use developments, to cater to the needs of residents, tourists, investors, and visitors. The project includes different luxurious international-themed villas, spacious apartments, shopping malls, hotels, premium business offices, fine-dining restaurants, health clubs, spas, nurseries, schools, and parks.  This mega project is inspired by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum's strategic vision to develop Dubai as a global tourist destination and as the region's main business, trading, retail and tourism hub. Falconcity of Wonders, which is shaped like a falcon symbolizes the UAE's heritage.  In 2015, Falconcity of Wonders project was showcased at Dubai Expo and at Bombay Exhibition Centre. In September 2016, it was exhibited at Cityscape Global where project's stand was visited by Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi III (Ajman). It was certified by International Organization for Standardization under.

Projects.

Western and Eastern Villa Residences.

Western and Eastern Villa Residences are internationally themed and contemporary villas. Both residences feature spacious residential villas that are located in the wings part of the city. The developed detached and semi detached Villas and Townhouses are of different international themes including Andalusia, Aegean, Spanish Santa Fe, New World and contemporary styles. All villas, ranging from 2 to 5 bedrooms.

Amenities.

Community Center: Medical Center, Nursery, Hyper Market, Retail Outlets, Food Court and a Mosque with a large parking space. Community Club: Tennis Courts, Swimming Pool, Kids Playing Area, Library, Ladies’ Salon & Spa, Men’s Spa, External Seating Area, Administration Room, Main Entrance Hall, Mini Mart, Restaurant, Squash Court, GYM, Basket Ball Court, Landscaped Gardens, Car Parking, Guard Room and Space for Pocket Substation.

Dueiffel Tower Dubai.

Inspired by the Eiffel Tower in Paris, FCW is developing 'Dueiffel Tower Dubai' encircled by Falcon Elysees to give a French lifestyle in Dubai.

Pyramid's Park.

The Pyramid's Park consists of three pyramids; Dubai Grand Pyramid, Medium Pyramid and Small Pyramid, each of which is named after a star's name combined with the abbreviation SAAM (Salem Ahmed Al Moosa). Dubai Grand Pyramid is named "SAAMAntares" after one of the most gigantic stars; Antares. The Medium Pyramid to be named after the present North Pole star Polaris to become "SAAMPolaris", while the Small Pyramid will be called "SAAMVega" pointing to the future North Pole star Vega.  The axis rotates every 26,000 years, the North Star changes accordingly, and almost 12,000 years from now it will be Vega; the Future North Pole Star that will be pointed at by FCW Small Pyramid.  Dubai Grand Pyramid SAAMAntares will consist of 35 floors. It will feature modern apartments and offices with the finest finishes. The Medium Pyramid SAAMPolaris is a 20-storey mixed-use development that offers residential, commercial, hospitality and leisure services. It includes hotel apartments of studios, one and two bedroom units. The Small Pyramid SAAMVega will host commercial services. It composes of 9 floors that feature business centers, apartments and offices.

Taj Arabia.

Taj Arabia is inspired by the historical Taj Mahal. Featuring more than 300 rooms, Taj Arabia is a luxury 6-star hotel that is designed to be the wedding destination of the world.

Leaning Tower of Dubai.

The Leaning Tower of Dubai is inspired from the Italy’s Wonder; the Leaning Tower of Pisa. It features spacious and hotel apartments located at the center of the Town of Venice, where it is surrounded by retail shops and various restaurants.

Town Of Venice.

Falconcity’s waterfront which features gondola rides, outdoor restaurants and cafes. Town of Venice includes retail outlets and residences of an Italian theme.

Dubai Great Wall.

Higher than a 3-storey building and stretching from one side of Falcon Fun City to the other, Dubai Great Wall will act as a jogging track that is 4.25 times bigger than the Olympic running track.

Falcon Fun City.

Falcon Fun City is being developed next to Falconcity Mall, which shapes the head of the Falcon and features retail outlets, international restaurants and entertainment components.

Falconcity Towers.

Falconcity Towers are located at the base of Falconcity, in the business district. It consist of 24 towers, having commercial, residential services.

Falconcity of Wonders (FCW) is a Dubai-based real-estate project working as a subsidiary of Salem Ahmad AlMoosa Enterprises founded in 2005. The project includes international-themed villas, spacious apartments, shopping malls, hotels, business offices, fine-dining restaurants, health clubs, spas, nurseries, schools and parks.

Die Falcon City of Wonders ist ein Großbauprojekt in Dubai, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate. Die etwa 7 Quadratkilometer bedeckende Urbanisation ist Teil des größeren Komplexes Dubailand und wird als Erkennungsmerkmal die sieben antiken Weltwunder, sowie einige modernere Bauwerke wie den Eiffelturm und das Taj Mahal in annähernd realistischer Nachbildung widerspiegeln.


History.

The journal was established in 1949 as the "Economic Weekly" and edited by Sachin Chaudhuri. It obtained its current name in 1966. It was edited by Krishna Raj for more than three decades and is among the most prestigious scholarly journals in India, having had contributions from many of the country's best known scholars.  Past authors include Amartya Sen, Manmohan Singh, Jagdish Bhagwati, Ramachandra Guha, Angus Deaton, Kaushik Basu, Romila Thapar, Jeffrey Sachs, Prannoy Roy, T.N. Srinivasan, Subramanian Swamy, Christophe Jaffrelot, Jean Drèze, Mani Shankar Aiyar, Andre Beteille, Ashok Gulati, and Nirupam Bajpai.

Political position.

The journal is known for its strong editorial stance with a "social conscience" and for taking left-leaning positions in its editorials, which were occasionally critical of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) government in West Bengal for not being radical enough. The journal was harshly critical of some of the policies of the Indira Gandhi government during the Emergency, as well as of state complicity in the 2002 Gujarat riots.

Abstracting and indexing.

The journal is abstracted and indexed in CAB Abstracts and Scopus.

Licensing.

EPW has licensed its material for non-exclusive use to 3 content aggregators - "Contify", "Factiva" and "JSTOR".  "Contify" disseminates EPW content to "LexisNexis", "Thomson Reuters", "Securities.com", "Gale Cengage", "AcquireMedia" and "NewsBank".  "Factiva" and "JSTOR" have EPW content on their databases for their registered users.

Controversy.

In 2016, C. Rammanohar Reddy quit as editor in a controversial move which led to several academics expressing concern in an open letter, and at least one board member, Jean Dreze, resigning from the board. Shortly after, his successor Paranjoy Guha Thakurta also quit in 2017 after a controversial article about the Adani Group was removed from the website amidst reasons that many felt were unclear or unjustified. In its defence, the Trust posted a statement on the EPW website stating that Guha Thakurta had violated his position by responding to a legal notice sent by the Adani Group without informing the Trust. This once again led to various scholars and commentators questioning the Sameeksha Trust that runs the journal.  Eventually professor and scholar Gopal Guru was appointed as the new editor in January 2018.

The Economic and Political Weekly (EPW) is a weekly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all social sciences, and is published by the Sameeksha Trust. In January 2018, academic Gopal Guru was named the new Editor of the journal. Guru will be Editor for a period of five years. The previous full-time editor was Paranjoy Guha Thakurta. The Trust had earlier appointed Guha Thakurta as the new editor of the journal with effect from 1 April 2016. His appointment came at a time when many social scientists were opposing the supposed removal of the previous editor C. Rammanohar Reddy, who resigned in January 2016 only to controversially end in 2017 with Guha Thakurta also resigning.

Economic and Political Weekly (EPW) (von 1949 bis 1966 unter dem Titel "Economic Weekly") ist eine wöchentlich auf Englisch erscheinende wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift. Das in Mumbai in Indien erscheinende Magazin genießt unter anderem durch die Benutzung der Weltsprache einen weltweiten Ruf.


Playing career.

Meech played his junior hockey for the Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League. There, he teamed with future NHL star Dion Phaneuf as the team's top defensive pairing. On June 23, 2002, he was drafted 229th overall in the 7th round of the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.  Meech made his NHL debut on December 7, 2006 at Joe Louis Arena, Detroit, Michigan against the St. Louis Blues. He played in 4 NHL games during the 2006–07 NHL season. While playing for the Grand Rapids Griffins of the American Hockey League, Meech was named an All Star after posting 6 goals, and 23 assists (29 points) in 67 games. Meech was named to the Red Wings final roster during training camp prior to the 2007–08 NHL season. He would have been exposed to waivers had he been sent to the minor leagues, which factored into the team's decision. Also working in Meech's favor for making the roster was Brent Sopel, on a tryout for the Red Wings, had spontaneously signed with the Chicago Blackhawks and Kyle Quincey broke his hand.  In 2008, Meech was named "Detroit Red Wings Rookie of the Year" by the Detroit Sports Broadcasters' Association for his play in the 2007–08 season. Based on the system the Red Wings employ, Meech was sometimes used as a left winger. His versatility in playing both forward and defenseman led to extra playing time.  Despite not playing the minimum 40 games (Meech only played 32) and not a minute in the playoffs, Meech had his name engraved on the Stanley Cup, due to a successful petition to the NHL by the Detroit Red Wings organization.  Meech scored his first career NHL goal with the Detroit Red Wings on December 4, 2008 against Curtis Sanford of the Vancouver Canucks.  On September 8, 2010, Meech was placed on waivers by the Red Wings. Unclaimed, Meech was assigned to the Griffins for the duration of the 2010–11 season.  Meech signed a two-way contract with the Winnipeg Jets on July 1, 2011. Meech played in only 2 games with the Jets during the 2011–12 season, in a season largely marred by injury. He signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Winnipeg Jets, on July 1, 2012.  On July 14, 2013, Meech signed his first contract with a European team as a free agent on a one-year contract with HC Dinamo Minsk of the Kontinental Hockey League. In the 2013–14 season, Meech played in 23 games with Dinamo Minsk, posting 5 assists, before he was mutually released from his contract. He returned to North America and on January 6, 2014, he signed for the remainder of the season to add a veteran presence with the Texas Stars of the AHL.  After two seasons with the Stars, Meech embarked on a European return in signing a two-year contract with Swedish club, Malmö Redhawks on May 6, 2015. In the 2015–16 season, Meech added a veteran presence to the Blueline, contributing with 12 points in 37 games before he was sidelined due to injury. Unable to return to full physical health in the off-season, Meech and Malmö opted to end his contract early in order to continue his rehabilitation on July 22, 2016.

Derek Meech (born April 21, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman and winger. He last played for the Malmö Redhawks of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and previously appeared in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Detroit Red Wings and Winnipeg Jets.

Derek Meech (* 21. April 1984 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) ist ein kanadischer Eishockeyverteidiger, der seit Mai 2015 bei den Malmö Redhawks in der Svenska Hockeyligan unter Vertrag stand.


Biography.

Martínez was born in Pericos, a small town in Mocorito, Sinaloa, into a family of farmers. His parents were Yssac Martínez Ortega and Silvina Verdugo Verdugo. He started working in his teens and in 1943 he decided to move to Mexico City to take a job at the San Rafael Paper Co. and undertake studies in painting at National School of Painting and Sculpture (1944–46).  In 1946 he joined Mexican Communist Party and soon started directing its Communist Youth's organizing committee (1948–50). After some years rising through its hierarchy, including spending some time in the Soviet Union studying Communism, he joined a faction that succeeded in overthrowing the long-time leadership of Stalinist, who had led the party from 1940 to 1960. He was chosen as Secretary-General of the Mexican Communist Party's Central Committee in 1963 and remained in the post until 1981.  He was one of the protagonists of the political negotiations that in 1978 resulted in the first electoral reform that permitted the PCM to obtain conditional registration, allowing the party to participate in the 1979 election, where it won 18 seats, and one of its deputies served as Parliamentary Coordinator.  In 1981, he directed the dissolution of the Mexican Communist Party and its fusion with other leftist forces, resulting in the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico, which advanced it to the presidency in the 1982 elections. Before this, Martinez had been abducted and freed after the payment of a ransom.  He served twice in the Chamber of Deputies as a plurinominal legislator; first representing the Communist Party of Mexico (1979–82) and later representing the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico (1985–88). Subsequently, he joined with the forces of Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano in his campaign for the Presidency in the 1988 elections.  Martínez was a member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD); a political institution he helped to found and finance in its early years. He was elected its emeritus advisor but his title was removed on 29 November 2009 on strategic grounds, as the result of political struggles inside the party. This maneuver was called "an act of moral amnesia, of disloyalty to its origins, of shabbiness" by Mexico's National Journalism Prize laureate Miguel Ángel Granados Chapa.

Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo (12 January 1925 – 24 May 2013) was a Mexican socialist politician and democracy activist. A long-standing leader of the Mexican Communist Party and the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico (PSUM), Martínez promoted political self-criticism, refused to support regional guerrilla movements, condemned the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and promoted the unification of the political left.

Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo (* 12. Januar 1925 in Pericos, Sinaloa; † 24. Mai 2013) war ein mexikanischer Politiker des linkspolitischen Flügels. Er war von 1963 bis 1981 Parteivorsitzender der Partido Comunista Mexicano (PCM) und nach deren Auflösung Vorsitzender der Partido Socialista Unificado de México (PSUM). Zuletzt war er Mitglied der Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD).


Description.

Plants in the genus Olearia are small or large woody shrubs characterised by a composite flower head arrangement with single-row ray florets enclosed by small overlapping bracts arranged in rows. The flower petals are more or less equal in length. The centre of the bi-sexual floret is disc shaped and may be white, yellowish or purplish, generally with 5 lobes. Flower heads may be single or clusters in leaf axils or at the apex of branchlets. Leaves may be smooth, glandular or with a sticky secretion. The leaves may grow opposite, alternate, arranged sparsely or clustered. Leaf margins either entire or lobed, with or without a stalk. The fruit are dry slightly compressed, one-seeded, narrow-elliptic or egg-shaped with longitudinal ridges and smooth or with sparse hairs.

Taxonomy and naming.

The genus is named after, a 17th-century German scholar and author of "Specimen Florae Hallensis". Originally a large genus, a molecular study has found it to be polyphyletic. "Olearia" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including "Aenetus ligniveren", which burrows into the trunk.

Distribution.

There are approximately 180 species of Olearia, of which about 112 species are endemic to Australia. "Olearia" are found in all states of Australia.

Species.

The following is a list of "Olearia" species accepted by the Australian Plant Census or the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network or listed in the Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea as at April 2019:

Cultivation.

Several species are cultivated as ornamental garden plants, and there are hybrids of uncertain or mixed parentage. Among these, the following have been given the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit:-

Olearia, most commonly known as daisy-bush, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, the largest of the flowering plant families in the world. Olearia are found in Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The genus includes herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees. The latter are unusual among the Asteraceae and are called tree daisies in New Zealand. All bear the familiar daisy-like composite flowerheads in white, pink, mauve or purple.

Die Olearia sind eine Pflanzengattung in der Familie der Korbblütler (Asteraceae). Das Verbreitungsgebiet der etwa 181 Arten liegt in Australasien. Einige Arten und ihre Sorten werden als Zierpflanzen in Parks und Gärten verwendet, sie sind in Mitteleuropa nicht winterhart.