Background.

Slint formed in 1986 in Louisville, Kentucky, from the remnants of the punk rock band Squirrel Bait; the founding members included Brian McMahan (guitar, vocals), David Pajo (guitar), Britt Walford (drums) and Ethan Buckler (bass guitar). The band's debut album, the Steve Albini-produced "Tweez", was released on the group's self-owned label Jennifer Hartman Records and Tapes. The album's sound has been described as a combination of "scratchy guitars, thumping bass lines and hard hitting drums". Buckler promptly left the band out of dissatisfaction with Albini's production, and was replaced with Todd Brashear. The band's second recording was for the instrumental extended play "Slint", which included a new version of "Rhoda" from "Tweez". The EP, which would not be released until 1994, was a departure from "Tweez"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s sound and reflected the band's new musical direction.  After the band ended its brief tour in support of "Tweez", most of its members attended college. Around this time McMahan and Walford began writing together for the band's next record, creating six new songs which the band practiced throughout the summer of 1990. Slint entered River North Records in August 1990 to record "Spiderland". At that time there were no vocals or lyrics prepared for the album, so the band wrote them while in the studio. The album's producer, Brian Paulson, was known for his "live" recording style in the studio, with minimal takes. Paulson recalled "It was weird while I was doing ["Spiderland"] because I remember sitting there, and I just knew there was something about it. I've never heard anything like this. I'm really digging this but it's really fucking weird."  The recording sessions for "Spiderland" are reputed to have been difficult for the members of the band and were, according to AllMusic, "intense, traumatic and one more piece of evidence supporting the theory that band members had to be periodically institutionalized during the completion of the album." Rumors circulated that at least one member of Slint had been checked into a psychiatric hospital. Walford later addressed these stories in an article in "Select" by saying, "[We were] definitely trying to be serious about things, pretty intense, which made recording the album kinda stressful." The recording was completed in four days.

Music.

The music of "Spiderland" is noted for its angular guitar rhythms, dramatically alternating dynamic shifts and irregular time signatures. McMahan's singing style interchanges between mumbling spoken word and strained shouting. The lyrics of "Spiderland" are often written in a narrative style. Influences on the record included Gang of Four, Black Sabbath and Sonic Youth. Will Hermes of "Spin" summarized the album's sound as "mid-'70s King Crimson gone emo: screeching guitar chords and gorgeous note-spinning in odd-metered instrumentals speckled with words both spoken and sung".  The album's opening track, "Breadcrumb Trail", describes a day spent at a carnival with a fortune-teller. The song features a complex arrangement with sharp transitions, and the guitar fluctuates between a clean-sounding riff with harmonics in the verse to heavy distortion featuring extremely high-pitched notes in the chorus.  "Nosferatu Man", the second track, is inspired by the 1922 German Expressionist silent film "Nosferatu". The song's verse includes a dissonant guitar riff, which uses high-pitched notes similar to those in "Breadcrumb Trail" and a drumbeat based on snare and toms, absent of cymbals. The chorus, featuring "jagged" distorted guitar and a beat with "thrashing cymbals with quick drum fills", segues into an extended jam before the song ends with 30 seconds of feedback.  "Don, Aman" features Walford on lead vocals and guitar. Delivered in a hushed tone, the song's ambiguous lyrics depict the thoughts of an "isolated soul" before, after and during an evening at a bar. The tempo quickens throughout, and then becomes loud and distorted before slowing back to the original tempo.  "Washer", the album's longest track, features a "barely audible" intro with guitar and cymbals before the rest of the band comes in. The song builds tension until the final verse, which features loud distortion, and is followed by a lengthy outro.  "For Dinner..." is an instrumental track. Beginning with a quiet section of "brooding chords throb[bing] with the occasional rumble of muted toms and bass drum", the song cycles through sections of building and releasing tension.  The final song of the album, "Good Morning, Captain", is a tribute to the Samuel Taylor Coleridge poem "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner". The song features a two chord guitar structure, a "spindly, tight riff" from the rhythm section and a "jerky" beat. During the recording of the song's final chorus, McMahan became physically sick due to the strain of yelling over the guitars. David Peschek of "The Guardian" compared "Good Morning, Captain" to Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven", writing that "the extraordinary Good Morning Captain is [Slint's] Stairway to Heaven, if it's possible to imagine Stairway to Heaven bleached of all bombast."  On the iTunes edition of the album, an additional track is added to the end of the album, entitled "Utica Quarry, Nighttime". The track is, simply, 15 minutes of field recordings of Utica Quarry, the same place where the photos for Spiderland were taken.

Title and packaging.

The name "Spiderland" originates from McMahan's younger brother, who thought that the record sounded "spidery". The album's black-and-white cover photograph, which depicts the members of the band (Brashear, McMahan, Walford and Pajo, from left to right) treading water in the lake of an abandoned quarry, was taken by Will Oldham. An article in "The Stranger" credited the cover for creating a mystique surrounding Slint, noting "[m]ost people only had seen Slint as four heads floating in a Kentucky quarry on Spiderland's cover. Listeners pondered the band's sparsely adorned black-and-white covers as if they were runes bearing secrets." Chris Gaerig of the "Michigan Daily" wrote, "the cover of Slint's masterful "Spiderland" captures the joyous fear and violence of the album so precisely it shakes souls. The group—submerged in a lake to their chins with deranged smiles—seems to be stalking you, hovering out of the black-and-white façade." Several other promotional images have been taken from the same photo session with Oldham.  A photo of a spider taken by Noel Saltzman is used on the back cover, reflecting the album's title. The inside sleeve contains the message "interested female vocalists write 1864 douglas blvd. louisville, ky. 40205". McMahan confirmed that this message was serious, and said "We did get some responses and we did listen to CDs and tapes. We didn't end up doing anything immediately, so that idea of adding someone sort of fell by the wayside." The message "this recording is meant to be listened to on vinyl" is printed on some CD issues of "Spiderland", demonstrating Slint's preference of analog audio devices.

Critical reception.

"Spiderland" received widespread critical acclaim from music critics, including "Spin", "NME", and "The Village Voice". In a contemporary review for "Melody Maker", Steve Albini, producer of Slint's 1989 album "Tweez", gave the album ten stars and called it "a majestic album, sublime and strange, made more brilliant by its simplicity and quiet grace." Albini found its unadorned production impeccable and said that it vividly captures McMahan and Pajo's playing so well that their guitars "seem to hover in space directly past the listener's nose", while "the incredibly precise-yet-instinctive drumming has the same range and wallop it would in your living room." "Select" noted that the band's popularity in the college circuit was "probably due to the college circuit celebrity status of their drummer – Shannon Doughton, aka Britt Walford, the only male member of the 'all-female' indie supergroup The Breeders". Their review noted the multiple listens it may take to appreciate it, acknowledging the album as "immediate as a snail trail to hell, 'Spiderland' needs several plays to burn its way into your consciousness, but when it does..."  In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Mark Deming said that "Spiderland" is "one of the most important indie albums of the '90s" and a "singular achievement" which found the band "working with dynamics that made the silences every bit as much presence as the guitars and drums, manipulating space and time as they stretched out and juggled time signatures, and conjuring melodies that were as sparse and fragmented as they were beautiful". Robert Christgau was less enthusiastic and wrote that, despite their "sad-sack affect", Slint are actually "art-rockers without the courage of their pretensions" with poor lyrics. In "The New Rolling Stone Album Guide", "Rolling Stone" journalist Mac Randall felt that the album's music lacks songform, even though it sounds more accessible than "Tweez": "[t]he absence of anything resembling a tune continues to nag."  In 2003, "Pitchfork" wrote of "Spiderland": "a heady, chilling listen; the irregularity of its hypnotic melodies, fractured beats and mismatched lyrics demand a new kind of appreciation, independent of traditional notions of songcraft. With its half-mumbled, half-hollered vocals, deliberate percussion and drone-gone-aggressive guitars, "Spiderland"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s urgency is almost traumatic to swallow: despondency never tasted so real." They named it the twelfth best album of the 1990s. In 2014, "Spiderland" was reissued as a box set, featuring 14 previously unreleased tracks, and received widespread critical acclaim; it holds an average score of 99 out of 100 at Metacritic, based on 11 reviews from mainstream publications. In 2015, "Gigwise" named the album in their list "The 11 most vicious post-hardcore albums ever".

Legacy.

Though largely ignored upon its initial release, "Spiderland" has attracted greater attention through time. The album has sold over 50,000 copies, though Kory Grow of the "College Music Journal" suggested that the album "has inspired countless bands (and therefore fans) far beyond its SoundScan numbers". "Spiderland" has become a landmark indie rock album and is considered, along with Talk Talk's "Spirit of Eden" and "Laughing Stock", to have been the primary catalyst of the post-rock genre. The album is also regarded as being essential to "the fabric of math-rock genre". David Peschek said that the album is "the ur-text for what became known as post-rock, a fractured, almost geometric reimagining of rock music stripped of its dionysiac impulse." Rachel Devine of "The List" called "Spiderland" "arguably the most disproportionately influential [album] in music history". "Pitchfork" reviewer Stuart Berman commented: ""Spiderland"s greatest legacy is not that it motivated a cluster of semi-popular bands in the late-90s and early 2000s to adopt its whisper-to-scream schematic. It's the boundless inspiration it perpetually provides for all the bands that have yet to emerge from the basement."  McMahan reflected on the album's success: "We worked really hard on "Spiderland". I mean, I definitely felt much more personal about it. I thought it represented us as people, musically, a lot more than "Tweez" did. That's about it. It seemed like when we were around, and actively playing and stuff, that people's responses to us were fairly ambivalent. I thought it was funny when the press picked up on it. For an independent release, it had a strange sort of audience and kept selling three or four years after we recorded it; it still sells more copies than when it first came out." Touch and Go founder Corey Rusk said that "Spiderland" is "like an icon now. But when it came out, nobody cared! The band had broken up by the time the album came out, and it really didn't sell particularly well or get written about all that much in the year it was released. But it was a revolutionary, groundbreaking record, and it's one of the few instances where people catch up to it later on."  "Spiderland" has also been said by Michael Alan Goldberg to have been a considerable influence on post-rock bands Mogwai, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, Isis and Explosions in the Sky. Dinosaur Jr and Sebadoh member Lou Barlow said of "Spiderland", "It was quiet-to-loud without sounding like grunge or indie rock. It sounded more like a new kind of music." PJ Harvey has included "Spiderland" in a list called Ten For Today, which were records she was enjoying listening to in 1992. Bob Nastanovich of Pavement and Mark Clifford of Seefeel have also cited "Spiderland" as among their favorite albums. The album cover of "Spiderland" was recreated by The Shins in the music video for "New Slang".

Reunions.

Despite having plans for a tour of Europe to promote "Spiderland", Slint broke up in November 1990, after Brian McMahan decided to quit the band. Members of the band went on to join other musical projects, including Tortoise, The Breeders, Palace and The For Carnation. Slint reunited briefly in 2005 for an eighteen-date tour. Pajo said, "We don't want to be a reunion band that keeps reuniting.... I know that this is going to be it." However, in 2007 Slint reunited again for a tour featuring performances of "Spiderland" in its entirety as part of All Tomorrow's Parties' "Don't Look Back" concert series celebrating classic albums. The tour included appearances at the 2007 Pitchfork Music Festival and Primavera Sound Festival. McMahan said in an interview at the Pitchfork Music Festival that performing the album live was "pretty cool. It moves a little slower than it does on the record, but it's all there.... It took some getting used to, some revisiting the material and rehearsing." In an August 2013 interview with Vish Khanna, former producer Steve Albini revealed that the band was working on remastering "Spiderland" with engineer Bob Weston.  Critical responses to Slint's reunion have been mixed, with detractors commenting on the music's unsuitability for a live setting. "Chicago Sun-Times" music critic Jim DeRogatis wrote that although "fans greeted [Slint's performance at the Pitchfork Music Festival] as manna from heaven. [...] the musicians' fragile, intertwining guitar lines, mumbled attempts at poetry and uninspiring shoegazer personas were poor matches for the setting and the occasion, especially during the static, percussion-deprived 'Don, Aman' and the bloated anthem 'Good Morning, Captain'." According to members of The A.V. Club, Slint's performance of "Don, Aman" at the festival "capture[d] the band's greatness "and" its greatest weakness: Slint completely lacks stage charisma, and playing a deathly quiet, moody song on a big outdoor stage just doesn't work." Both DeRogatis and the "A. V. Club" review also noted that the band's performance was plagued by sound problems. A "New York" review of a performance at Webster Hall opined "the deeply brooding, fussily-executed album finally sounded, sixteen years later, like the existential, cosmos-annihilating shrug it was envisioned as. Which is to say: It sounded fucking great."

Remastered box set.

In 2014, Touch and Go reissued "Tweez" and a version of "Spiderland" remastered by Bob Weston. On April 15, a deluxe box set was released containing the remastered "Spiderland" album, fourteen previously unreleased tracks, the DVD documentary "Breadcrumb Trail", and a photobook documenting Slint's history. All 3,138 hand-numbered copies sold out prior to release.  The bonus tracks featured in the set were selected by Slint and include demos, outtakes, and a live performance. The songs "Pam" and "Glen" (a reinterpretation of the original) were recorded during the "Spiderland" sessions and failed to make the album. "Todd's Song" and "Brian's Song" were recorded after "Spiderland" while the band was briefly reformed. "Cortez the Killer", a cover of the Neil Young song by the same name, was recorded on March 3, 1989, during a live performance in Chicago. Demos of "Nosferatu Man", "Washer", and "Good Morning, Captain" were also selected for the release.  Remnants of the second "bonus tracks" disc (sides E/F) from the "Spiderland" box set were sold separately in plastic sleeves from Touch and Go's website. The disc – one of two bonus LPs from the collection – contains eight of the set's fourteen previously unreleased tracks.

Track listing.

All songs written by Todd Brashear, Brian McMahan, David Pajo, and Britt Walford, except where noted.

Spiderland is the second and final studio album by the American rock band Slint. It was released on March 27, 1991, through Touch and Go Records. Featuring dramatically alternating dynamics and vocals ranging from spoken word to shouting, the album contains narrative lyrics that emphasize alienation. "Spiderland" was Slint's first release on Touch and Go, and the group's only album to feature bassist Todd Brashear.

Spiderland ist das zweite Studioalbum der amerikanischen Post-Rock-Band Slint. Es erschien am 27. März 1991 auf Touch and Go Records. Es beinhaltet viele dynamische Wechsel sowie Gesang, welcher von Spoken Word bis hin zum Shouting rangiert. Die Songtexte handeln narrativ über Distanz und Entfremdung. "Spiderland" war die erste Veröffentlichung von Slint auf Touch and Go, doch auch das letzte Album der Band.


Life.

Dume was born in 1920 in Starje, a village in Kolonjë District. During the Second World War (1942–44) he participated as a partisan of the communist and anti-fascist National Liberation Movement. He was the last commander of the partisan battalion "Hakmarrja" (Revenge).  After the founding of the People's Republic of Albania on 11 January 1946, he joined the Armed Forces (Alb: "Forcat e Armatosura të Shqipërisë") and increased his influence over time as commander of a brigade and then as division commander.  Between 1948 and 1974, he served as representative of Ersekë in the National Assembly (Alb: "Kuvendi Popullor"). At the same time he was a member of the Central Committee (CC) of the Party.  Dume, who graduated from the General Staff Academy of the USSR Marshal Kliment Voroshilov in Moscow, was finally appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces in 1953. Between 1957 and 1974, he was Major General and Deputy Minister of Defence. In this role, he participated in December 1973 as head of a military delegation on a visit to the People's Liberation Army.  At the 4th Congress of the PPSh in February 1961, he became candidate-member of the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania, and member of the Central Committee of Party. He carried on these duties until July 1974.  Petrit Dume was among the 154 persons to whom the title "Hero of the People" (Alb: "Hero i Popullit") was awarded.

Trial and execution.

In July 1974, he was pinpointed as associate of Defense Minister Beqir Balluku for inciting revisionist ideas and put on trial in a military court for an alleged attempt of coup d'etat, consequently accused of treason.  He was condemned to death soon after and executed, together with Balluku and the head of the General Political Bureau of the Armed Forces, Hito Çako. He was immediately succeeded as Chief of General Staff by Sami Metollari, but in 1975 Veli Llakaj took over.  On 18 July 2000, after the collapse of communism in Albania, at the request of his family, his body was exhumed from a secret grave in Horë-Vranisht in Vlorë District, together with those of the other generals that shared his fate.

Legacy.

The football club Partizani Tirana carries the nickname "Futboll Club Gjeneral Petrit Dume" in his honor.

Petrit Dume (20 May 1920 – 5 December 1975) was an Albanian general and politician of the Albanian Party of Labour (PPSh).

Petrit Dume (* 20. Mai 1920 im Kreis Kolonja; † 5. Dezember 1975) war ein albanischer General und Politiker der Partei der Arbeit Albaniens (PPSh).


History.

There was an early reference to a seventh-century realm of Malayu based in Jambi, which was eventually absorbed into the Srivijaya empire as an autonomous trading community or a subject region. An account associated the early history of the sultanate with the Islamization of Sumatra, citing that these two events roughly coincided in the fifteenth century. The sultanate's access to natural resources as well as its strategic location, particularly its proximity to the Strait of Malacca, allowed it to flourish and be involved in international trade. By 1682, Jambi was disputed as a vassal state between the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) and the Kingdom of Siam.  In the late 19th century the sultanate was slowly annexed by the Dutch, with the sultan degraded to a puppet ruler. This culminated in 1883 with the invasion of the Dutch-controlled Palembang by Jambi's Sultan, Mohammad Fakhruddin, which gave the Dutch the pretext to finally gain control of Jambi, forcing the sultan to accede to their authority and provide significant economic concessions. By 1907 the last vestiges of indigenous rule had been abolished.

Society.

As a society, Jambi has a history of being an entrepot and a trading center that is open to outsiders. This is demonstrated in the way Jambi families easily incorporate outsiders, particularly men as well as foreigners (e.g. Chinese and Arab traders) through marriage into the Jambi womenfolk. For instance, a Jambi "pangeran" (prince) adopted a Dutch official as his son, resulting to kinship obligations between the Dutch and the royal family.

The Sultanate of Jambi was a region ruled by a sultan in northern Sumatra. The Dutch conquered the sultanate and killed the sultan in 1904. The sultanate has since been restored in recent years. The original sultanate was centered in the modern-day province of Jambi in Indonesia.

Das Sultanat Jambi, zur Kolonialzeit üblicherweise "Djambi" geschrieben, bestand bis zur Unabhängigkeit Indonesiens im südlichen Teil der Insel Sumatra. Seit 1957 ist Jambi autonome Provinz. Regierungssitz war und ist die knapp 90 km im Inland liegende gleichnamige Hauptstadt am südlichen Ufer des Hari, die einige Zeit Telanaipura genannt wurde. Ein Unterdistrikt der Hauptstadt trägt diesen Namen noch heute.


Life and Work.

Svetlana Velmar-Janković was born in Belgrade, in the city which should remain the center of life for her whole life until death. She grew up in city quarter Dorćol and was one of two daughters of Vladimir Velmar-Janković, appointed deputy minister of education of the Government of National Salvation in the German Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia, who escaped from Yugoslavia in September 1944. He left his wife and children behind. They had to accept serious social consequences because of that in communist Yugoslavia, and that was not easy to endure for the remained family members. At the beginning of the 3rd millennium, late efforts of his daughters to get him officially rehabilitated, ran into opposition. A brief statement by his famous daughter gives an idea of the long-term suffering of the family, and a question asked at the beginning of this millennium by a contemporary witness and representative of the post-war state, who was nobody else than Tito's official German language interpreter during state visits and receptions, brings up this issue to the point.  After completion of her secondary school education, she graduated with maturity diploma at IV gymnasium for girls in 1951, she began studying French language and literature at the Philological Faculty of Belgrade's University, and completed with diploma in 1963. In 1953, still while her education at university, she became journalist and wrote contributions to the youth magazines "Dečje štampe" and "Pioniri". From 1959 to 1975, she was editor of the literary journal "Književnost" of Prosveta publishing house, and in 1971 she became member of the editorial board of this company, where she worked until 1989. In the meantime, she edited Prosveta's publication series "Baština" (Heritage) which consists of prose and essays of numerous Serbian authors.  She was elected corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts since 2006, and became a full member three years later. From 2007 to 2013, she was chairwoman of the board of directors of the National Library of Serbia.  Svetlana Velmar-Janković was married twice, her first marriage to journalist Miodrag Protić ended with his death in 1974, after twenty one years of wedlock, and her son Đorđe (born in 1966) comes from this relationship, he emigrated to the United States of America. She is interred in an honorary grave of the Belgrade New Cemetery. Her second husband was Žarko Rošulj (born in 1940), who worked at Nolit publishing as a graphic editor from 1978 to 1996 and died in 2018.  In its obituary, the newspaper Politika cites the deceased lady once again who will never be passed away in collective memory and lives on in her books about places, people and generations. Her complete work is already including one or several editions in Bulgarian, German, English, French, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, Macedonian and Spanish translation, most of all published in French. Internationally best known book from her complete work is the novel "Lagum", which has also been published in Bulgarian, English (two editions in 1996 and 2002), French, German, Italian and Spanish translation. "Lagum", a term of Turkish origin, refers to a dark dungeon-like underground passage, in which no light falls, as are numerous under the Kalemegdan fortress, and scene of the plot is the city of Belgrade, written from the perspective of the wife of a professor of Belgrade University. Protagonist Milica Pavlović, first-person narrator, tells life events from her time period between 1928 and 1984. When her husband, the well-respected Dušan Pavlović, tried to save as many people as possible from the Ustashe extermination camps in the Independent State of Croatia during the war and therefore co-operated with Serbian Quisling government, the couple became increasingly estranged. Above that, Milica hides a wounded partisan in the servant room of her apartment without her husband's knowledge and children. The takeover of power by the communist resistance fighters become the fate of the family: Dušan is executed as a collaborator, the apartment is ransacked by neighbors who hastily turned into zealous and cruel henchmen of the new regime. Milica is reviled as a traitor by people whom she and her husband had saved years ago. So also from that partisan who recovered hidden in family's flat. It is a sensitive but relentless portrait of society, a profound analysis of human contradictions, character weaknesses and political opportunism.  Celia Hawkesworth, English translator of the novel "Lagum", describes this work as follows:  For the past three decades of her life, Svetlana Velmar-Janković was not only a recognized "Grande Dame" of Serbian literature, but also a loud voice of conscience who courageously and unequivocally advocated democracy and human rights, based on humanism and European values of the Western world. Many possible examples could illustrate this, but only two are briefly presented here: an excerpt from her speech during the 1991 protests including the beginning of the Yugoslav wars and her statement about the Serbian declaration on Srebrenica massacre. She was also a member of the "Truth and Reconciliation Commission" (Komisija za istinu i pomirenje).

Bibliography.

Novels Essays Memoirs Short Stories, Narrations Monograph Theatre Plays English editions

Svetlana Velmar-Janković (,, 1 February 1933 – 9 April 2014) was a Serbian novelist, essayist, chronicler of Belgrade, and first female laureate of the Isidora Sekulić Award. She was considered to be one of the most important Serbian female authors of her time. In 2001, the French President Jacques Chirac honored her with the Chevalier medal of Legion of Honor because "she always took care to preserve the humanist values which unite her and her country with the rest of Europe".

Svetlana Velmar-Janković (kyrillisch: Светлана Велмар-Јанковић; * 1. Februar 1933 in Belgrad; † 9. April 2014 ebenda) war eine serbische Schriftstellerin und Journalistin. Sie zählte zu den einflussreichsten serbischen Autorinnen ihrer Zeit.


Career.

James Thomas Condon was born in Fremantle, Western Australia. His career started in repertory theatre, before joining at ABC Radio in Perth in 1942, he would serve with the RAAF serving in the Air Force during World War II and eventuate to flight lieutenant. After the war he worked for the BBC before returning to Australia in 1951 to resume his acting career, working on radio serials, including Portia Faces Life. When TV arrived in 1956 he moved to Sydney and appeared on the opening night of ABN2, Sydney, and in a number of ABC plays, including "Tomorrow's Child" and "A Phoenix Too Frequent", before landing the lead role in ATN7's "The Story of Peter Grey", one of the first soap opera dramas produced for Australian television.  He made many other appearances on television, including "Homicide", "Matlock Police", "Number 96" (both the TV serial and the 1974 feature film spin-off, playing different characters), "Bellamy", "The Young Doctors", "Carson's Law", "Sons and Daughters", "Prisoner", "The Flying Doctors", "Blue Heelers" and "Something in the Air".

Personal life.

Condon was the brother of actress and theatre producer Coralie Condon and had a brother Terry. His first marriage was to Joan Cranmer. The couple had four daughters. Condon was married to Australian actress Anne Haddy, best known for the role of matriarch Helen Daniels in "Neighbours", from 1985 until her death in 1999. Condon was the stepfather of Haddy's children Jane and Tony. He acted alongside Haddy in "Neighbours" twice – as Douglas Blake in 1985 and again in 1995 as Reuben White. Condon suffered a stroke in 2013. He died from a stroke at a RSL retirement home in Narrabeen, Sydney on 14 February 2014, aged 90.

James Thomas Condon (27 September 1923 – 14 February 2014) was an Australian actor of radio and stage, a scriptwriter and voice over, however best known for his numerous television roles in serials and television movies in Australia, paricularly Number 96 and Neighbours, he was the husband of Neighbours actress Anne Haddy. and the brother of theatre producer and actress Coralie Condon, who was known an Order of Australia recipient and was known as the "First Lady of Western Australian Television", she died on 31 December 2014, aged 99

James Thomas Condon (* 27. September 1923 in Fremantle, Australien; † 14. Februar 2014) war ein australischer Schauspieler. James Condon war seit 1958 als Schauspieler tätig und spielte in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren u. a. in folgenden Filmen mit: "Nächte auf Tahiti", "The Life and Death of King Richard II", "Jenny" und "Ein Sheriff in New York". Condon war auch im Film Die fliegenden Ärzte zu sehen.


History.

Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. was founded in 1955, and in 2005 become a holding of Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group and a joint-stock company. As of 2009 it was the 6th-largest automaker in China.  In 2009, the company acquired 29% of the Chinese sport-utility vehicle maker Changfeng Automobile, becoming its biggest shareholder. GAC purchased the remaining portion of Changfeng in 2011 completing its acquisition of the company.  Previously a backdoor listing via Denway Motors, GAC became listed under its own name on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong in 2010. In that year shareholders of Denway Motors approved its privatization by GAC. Denway Motors was subsequently delisted on 25 August 2010 and replaced by Guangzhou Automobile Group () on 30 August 2010 via stock swap.  In late 2010 GAC purchased 51% ownership of Gonow, a midsize Chinese automaker of sport-utility vehicles, subcompacts, and pickup trucks.  In December 2010 GAC launched the new Trumpchi marque. Its initial product was based on the Alfa Romeo 166.  In 2010 GAC was among the ten largest Chinese carmakers reaching number six and selling 724,200 vehicles. 2011 saw the company retain its position as the sixth-largest Chinese automaker by production volume, with GAC making 740,400 vehicles in that year.  In early 2012, the company was listed on the Shanghai Stock exchange.

Subsidiaries and divisions.

GAC New Energy.

The GAC New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd. (GAC NE) is the NEV arm of GAC. GAC New Energy produces their own EV brand, Aion, and sells the EV and PHEV Trumpchi models.  Vehicles built by and sold by GAC NE:  Vehicles built by Trumpchi and sold by both Trumpchi and GAC NE:

Changfeng Motor (Leopaard).

In 2009, GAC owned 29% ownership of this SUV-maker a purchase supposedly imposed by the Chinese state as a condition of a then-upcoming joint venture with Fiat. GAC completed its acquisition of Changfeng in 2011. In 2012 Changfeng Group began moves to re-enter the vehicle business culminating in the move to a new headquarters in Changsha in January 2013 and the establishment of a new subsidiary, Hunan Liebao Automobile Co. Ltd., alongside the continuing Anhui Changfeng Yangzi Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd., to oversea manufacturing and marketing of vehicles under the Liebao or "Leopaard" brand.

Gonow.

Gonow (officially Zhejiang Gonow Auto Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese manufacturer of automobiles, commercial vehicles and SUV's headquartered in Taizhou, Zhejiang and a subsidiary of GAC Group. It markets its products under the brand name GAC Gonow in China and as Gonow in other markets.

Trumpchi.

Trumpchi is an automotive marque owned by GAC Group which was launched in December 2010. The following Trumpchi vehicles are currently available in China:

Current joint ventures.

GAC Fiat Chrysler.

Fiat signed on to a joint venture with GAC on 6 July 2009, and GAC FIAT Automobiles Co Ltd was incorporated on 9 March 2010. The new company has a production base in Changsha, Hunan Province, that opened on 28 June 2012 to manufacture the Dodge Dart-based Fiat Viaggio.

GAC Honda.

Guangqi Honda is a 50:50 joint venture between GAC and Honda, which has been making a number of Honda-branded vehicles for the Chinese market since 1999. In 2011 it started sales of its own brand, Everus.

GAC Mitsubishi.

GAC Mitsubishi Motors is a joint venture between GAC and the Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors. It became operational in September 2012 following a late 2010 memorandum of understanding.

GAC Toyota.

GAC Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. is a 50:50 joint venture between GAC and Toyota Motor Company which manufactures Toyota vehicles for the Chinese market. It was founded in 2004 and is headquartered in Guangzhou.

Former joint ventures.

Guangzhou Isuzu.

Guangzhou Isuzu Bus Co., Ltd. is a coach manufacturing joint venture between GAC (51%), Isuzu Motors (33.67%) and Isuzu (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (15.33%) that was established on 6 March 2000. Isuzu light trucks and buses were also built by Guangzhou Yangcheng Automobile (), a joint venture with Hong Kong China Lounge Logistics. Their light trucks are based on the Isuzu Elf and are marketed under the "YCACO" brand. Yangcheng's various bus building operations were merged with Guangzhou Isuzu Bus and Denway into the Guangzhou Bus Co., Ltd. in September 2008. At the same time, Guangzhou Yangcheng's truck making arm was merged into Guangzhou Hino.

Guangzhou Peugeot Automobile.

One of the first Sino-western joint venture auto-making companies, Guangzhou Peugeot Automobile Co. Ltd. is a joint venture set up by PSA Peugeot Citroën and the Guangzhou Municipal government between 1985 and 1997. Over its eleven-year lifespan, the company produced about 100,000 cars.  Sales began in 1989 mainly as automobiles for government officials and taxis. Its model line comprised the Peugeot 505 and 504.

Markets outside of China.

In 2015, GAC Group partnered with Doha Marketing and Services Company (DOMASCO), to market and sell their vehicles to the local customers. On November 7, 2018, GAC Group entered the Philippines, with President Rodrigo Duterte welcoming the partnership between the manufacturer and distributor Legado Motors Inc. (LMI), which is owned by Narvacan Mayor Chavit Singson.  In 2018, GAC Group partnered with Al Jomaih Automotive to launch the GAC Group manufactured vehicles in Saudi Arabia.  On December 9, 2019, GAC Group launched their GAC Motor brand and the Trumpchi GS8 SUV, in Russia.  In Lebanon, the GAC Group’s Trumpchi GS8 SUV is sold by Bazerji Motors Sal.  GAC Group has been very vocal about their US expansion plans. They were initially planning to launch their first product for the US market: Trumpchi GS8 SUV, by late 2019, but, during the 2019 Detroit Auto Show they announced delays to their sales plans to the first half of 2020. On May 22, 2019, due to the worsening China-US trade tensions, an indefinite postponement of their US market plans was announced.

Sponsorships.

GAC was the sponsor of the 2011 World Table Tennis Championships held in Rotterdam and the title sponsor of the 2012 ITTF World Tour.  GAC was the title sponsor of the 2013 World Team Cup Table Tennis tournament held in its home city of Guangzhou.

GAC Group (officially Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese automobile maker headquartered in Guangzhou, Guangdong, and a subsidiary of Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group.

Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd., bekannt unter der weitläufigen Abkürzung GAC, ist ein großer Automobilkonzern der Volksrepublik China. Gegründet im Jahr 1955, ist dieses Unternehmen der größte Automobilproduzent in Südchina und zugleich Tochterunternehmen der Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group. Die Unternehmensanfänge fanden in Gestalt der Entwicklung von Vorläuferunternehmen statt; GAC wurde mit seiner jetzigen Namensbezeichnung erst 1997 etabliert. Ihre jetzige Rechtsform, nämlich die der Aktiengesellschaft, hat die Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. erst am 28. Juni 2005 erhalten.


Early life and education.

Cicerone was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, on May 2, 1943, to Salvatore and Louise (Palus) Cicerone. His father, an insurance salesman, was the son of Italian immigrants.  Cicerone was the first in his family to attend college. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965 with a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering. He was captain of MIT's varsity baseball team. After college, he obtained masters and doctoral degrees from the University of Illinois.

Career.

Cicerone joined the University of Michigan as a research scientist, later holding faculty positions in electrical and computer engineering from 1971 to 1978. In 1978 he moved to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego as a research chemist. He was appointed senior scientist and director of the Atmospheric Chemistry Division at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, in 1980. He held this position until 1989 when he joined the University of California, Irvine (UCI), as professor of earth system science (having founded the department) and chaired the Department of Earth System Science from 1989 to 1994, when he became Dean of Physical Sciences. Cicerone was recognized on the citation for the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to colleague F. Sherwood Rowland. In 1998 he became the fourth Chancellor of UCI. Ralph Cicerone held the position of Chancellor of UC Irvine until 2005, when he left to be President of the National Academy of Sciences. He retired as NAS President in June 2016.  In 2001, while chancellor of UCI, Cicerone led an academy panel, commissioned by George W. Bush, tasked with reporting to him on climate change. The panel concluded unequivocally that "greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise."  Cicerone was a member of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Advisory Board, a Foreign Member of the Royal Society, Academia Sinica, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Korean Academy of Science and Technology.He also served as president of the American Geophysical Union, the world's largest society of earth scientists.

Honors, awards and legacy.

He was the 1999 laureate for the Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science. The American Geophysical Union awarded him its James B. Macelwane Award in 1979 for outstanding contributions to geophysics by a young scientists and later in 2002 its Roger Revelle Medal for outstanding research contributions to the understanding of Earth’s atmospheric processes, biogeochemical cycles, and other key elements of the climate system. The World Cultural Council honored him with the Albert Einstein World Award of Science in 2004.  Cicerone revived the baseball program at UC Irvine in 2002, while he was its chancellor. The baseball field at UC Irvine's Anteater Ballpark was named after Cicerone in 2009.  Ralph Cicerone and his wife Carol Cicerone endowed a graduate fellowship at UCI in 2009.

Personal life.

Cicerone was married to Carol M. (Ogata) Cicerone (a professor of cognitive sciences at the UCI during the Cicerone's time at the university) and had a daughter and two grandchildren.  He was an avid baseball fan who played varsity baseball during college at MIT.  Cicerone died unexpectedly at his home in the Short Hills section of Millburn, New Jersey on November 5, 2016.

Ralph John Cicerone (May 2, 1943 – November 5, 2016) was an American atmospheric scientist and administrator. From 1998 to 2005, he was the chancellor of the University of California, Irvine. From 2005 to 2016, he was the president of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). He was a "renowned authority" on climate change and atmospheric chemistry, and issued an early warning about the grave potential risks of climate change.

Ralph John Cicerone (* 2. Mai 1943 in New Castle, Pennsylvania; † 5. November 2016) war ein US-amerikanischer Klimatologe, der sich mit der Chemie der Atmosphäre und dem Klimawandel befasste. Er war von 2005 bis 2016 Präsident der National Academy of Sciences und Vorsitzender des National Research Council.


Biography.

Born in 1357 as "Yi Bang-Gwa", he was a prudent, generous, brave, and able military officer. During the latter days of the declining Goryeo Dynasty, Jeongjong followed his father, Yi Seonggye, to various battlefronts and fought at his side. When his father became king in 1392, he became prince.  King Taejo had two wives—the first one, who gave birth to six of the king's sons including Jeongjong, died before King Taejo was crowned. Taejo had second wife, who had 2 sons from him. The king favored his youngest son, whose mother was Taejo's second wife. Prime Minister Jeong Dojeon also backed him as the successor to the throne, causing much disappointment from other princes. In 1398, King Taejo's fifth son, Yi Bang-won, who later would be King Taejong of Joseon, led a coup along with many military officers and killed his two brothers, Prime Minister Jeong, and many of his faction. Yi Bang-won first tried to show that he was not intended to take the throne, so he gave a push to his older brother Jeongjong (who was also the oldest then), to be a crown prince. King Taejo was upset and abdicated in disgust, and Jeongjong became king in the following year, 1399. The same year he moved the capital back to Gaegyeong, the old Goryeo capital.  In 1400, a conflict broke out between Yi Bang-won and his older brother, Yi Bang-gan. Yi Bang-won's force attacked and defeated that of Bang-gan's, Bang-gan was then sent into exile along with his family. General Bak Bo, who persuaded Bang-gan to fight against Bangwon, was executed. King Jeongjong, knowing the acting king of the kingdom was his younger brother Bangwon, appointed him as a crown prince, and abdicated a few days later.  He was an able, wise administrator even though his short reign was marked by bloodshed within the royal family. He banned all kinds of private troops on the advice of Crown Prince Bangwon. He died in 1419, and was buried near Kaeseong.

Jeongjong of Joseon (18 July 1357 – 15 October 1419), born Yi Bang-gwa, whose changed name is Yi Gyeong, was the second king of Joseon (or Chosun) Dynasty (1399–1400). He was the second son of King Taejo of Joseon, the founder and first king of the dynasty.

Jeongjong (koreanisch: ) (* 18. Juli 1357, Joseon; † 15. Oktober 1419, ebenda) war während seiner Regierungszeit von 1398 bis 1400 der 2. König der Joseon-Dynastie () (1392–1910) in Korea.


Career.

Nymo was born in Valnesfjord near Fauske. He joined the Bodø Big Band, led by his teacher Henning Gravrok, and was later educated on the Jazz program at Trondheim Musikkonservatorium, and has also played in Håvard Stubø's Quintet North. The later years He has played with Ole Morten Vågan's band Motif where he was to be named «Young Jazz Comets» 2001 at Copenhagen Jazz Festival. In «next MGN Trio» he cooperates with Mats Monstad and Ketil Gutvik, and in the latter band «Gutvik5». Otherwise, and also played with Kaizers Orchestra.  Nymo also has his own album release with «Atle Nymo & Frode Nymo Quartet» (Håkon Mjåset Johansen drums and Ole Morten Vågan bass). In his own band «Atle Nymo Quartet» he cooperates with Vigleik Storaas (piano), Magnus Forsberg (drums) and Ole Morten Vågan (bass). The first mentioned played in Quintet with guest Roger Kellaway (piano), and they released an album "Inner Urge" in 2001 with concert recordings from «Oslo Jazz Festival». Together with Ingebrigt Håker Flaten and Håkon Mjåset Johansen he made the album "Complete communion" in 2006, and with the Swedish trumpet player Magnus Broo as the fourth member, the group was called IPA and they have released the albums "Lorena" (2009), "It's A Delicate Thing" (2011) and "Bubble" (2013). He is also involved in two other band projects «Saxwaffe» (Frode Nymo, Klaus Holm, Eirik Hegdal, Espen Reinertsen) and «Juxtaposed» (Petter Vågan, Erik Nylander, Ole Morten Vågan)  Nymo is a frequently used big band musician and is attending such as the drummer Børre Dalhaugs «Big Band Blast» (2004) and trombonist & composer Helge Sundes «Denada» (2005), and was from 2002 to 2003 a member of Geir Lysne Listening Ensemble. He also played in Trondheim Jazz Orchestra, and attended the orchestra's cooperation projects with Chick Corea in 2000/2001 (Moldejazz) and Pat Metheny in 2003.

Atle Nymo (born 9 June 1977) is a Norwegian jazz musician (tenor saxophone and bass clarinet), and the younger brother of Jazz saxophonist Frode Nymo. He is known for his contributions with the orchestras Motif, one of his main projects, and Trondheim Jazz Orchestra in which he has worked with Jazz greats like Pat Metheny and Chick Corea.

Atle Nymo (* 1977 in Valnesfjord in der Nähe von Fauske) ist ein norwegischer Jazzmusiker (Tenorsaxophon und Klarinette). Nymo ist Bruder des Jazzmusikers Frode Nymo. Er war Mitglied der Bodø Big Band unter Henning Gravrok und wurde bei Jazzlinja (NTNU) ausgebildet. Er spielte früher im Håvard Stubøs Quintett "North". Später arbeitete er in Ole Morten Vågans Band "Motif". Im Next MGN Trio spielt er mit Mats Monstad und Ketil Gutvik, sowie in dessen Formation "Gutvik 5". Des Weiteren wirkte er im Trondheim Jazzorkester mit (Tournee mit Pat Metheny 2001, Moldejazz mit Chick Corea 2003), im Norsk Jazzforum ("Milestones in Jazz") und mit Kaizers Orchestra. Aktuell spielt er auch bei Helge Sund ("Finding Nemo").


Early life.

Diana Barnato was born on 15 January 1918 in London, the younger daughter of Woolf Joel Barnato (1895–1948), a financier and racing driver, and Dorothy Maitland, "née" Falk (1892/3–1961). In 1936, at the age of 18, she was a debutante and was presented to King Edward VIII at Buckingham Palace. She attended Queen's College, London.  From an early age, she became interested in aircraft and at age 20 she decided to become a pilot. Her initial training was in Tiger Moths at the Brooklands Flying Club, the aerodrome being located within the famous motor racing circuit in Surrey. She showed a natural aptitude for flying and made her first solo flight after only six hours of dual instruction.

Family.

Her parents were Dorothy Maitland Falk (1893–1961), an American from White Plains, New York and Woolf Barnato (1895–1948), Chairman of Bentley Motors and a leading member of their racing team. They were married at the Ritz Carlton in London. Her paternal grandfather was Barney Barnato (1851–1897), a co-founder of the De Beers mining company in Johannesburg. Her parents later divorced.  In 1935, her mother remarried to Lt. Richard Butler Wainwright. Her father remarried twice, first to Jacqueline Claridge Quealy from 1933 to 1947, and second, to Joan Jenkinson from 1947 until his death in 1948.

World War II.

Red Cross.

Soon after the outbreak of World War II, Diana volunteered to become a Red Cross nurse. In 1940 she was serving as a nurse in France before the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk and later drove ambulances in London during the Blitz.

Air Transport Auxiliary.

In early 1941 she applied to become one of the first women pilots of the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) and successfully took her initial assessment flying test at their headquarters at White Waltham, Berkshire, on 9 March 1941 with the ATA's Chief Flying Instructor, A.R.O. Macmillan, in the Tiger Moth's rear seat.  Barnato Walker was admitted to the ATA's Elementary Flying Training School at White Waltham on 2 November 1941. After a lengthy period of intensive flight instruction and tests in primary training aircraft, she joined her first ATA Ferry Pool (FP), No.15 FP at RAF Hamble, Hampshire, on 9 May 1942. She soon began to deliver low-powered single engine aircraft from factory or repair base to storage units and RAF and Naval flying units.  Further advanced training permitted her to deliver several hundred Spitfires, Hurricanes, Mustangs, Tempests and other high performance fighter aircraft. After further training, she was eligible to deliver twin-engined aircraft and delivered Whitleys, Blenheims, Mosquitos, Mitchells and Wellingtons, normally flying solo when doing so. She continued intensive flying with the ATA until the organisation was disbanded in late 1945. By that time she had flown 80 types of aircraft and had delivered 260 Spitfires.

Post war.

Women's Junior Air Corps.

After the end of the War, Barnato Walker continued flying and gained her commercial flying licence. For many years she was a volunteer pilot with the Women's Junior Air Corps (WJAC), later the Girls' Venture Corps, giving flights to air-minded teenage girls to encourage them to enter the aviation industry. In July 1948, an aircraft that she was flying burst into flames near White Waltham. Rather than bail out and lose the WJAC's aircraft, she switched off the fuel and glided the aircraft back.

Air Speed record.

On 26 August 1963 she flew an English Electric Lightning T4 to Mach 1.6 (1,262 mph) after convincing the Air Minister to let her fly it with Squadron Leader Ken Goodwin as her check pilot, and so became the first British woman to break the sound barrier. She also established by this flight a world air speed record for women.

Personal life.

She was engaged to Squadron Leader Humphrey Trench Gilbert DFC of No. 65 Sqn RAF in April 1942, but he died in a flying accident 2 May 1942 when Spitfire BL372/YT-Z crashed at Loves Farm, Cutlers Green, Thaxted, Essex. With him in the Spitfire was Flt Lt David Gordon Ross. They took off from Great Sampford, the RAF Debden satellite station, having consumed 6-8 bottles each of Benskins Colne Springs beer, according to the licensee of the pub. This information was not revealed until after the Court of Enquiry. The Commanding Officer tried to borrow a Magister but his flight sergeant, realising that he was in no fit state to fly, told him it was unserviceable. He then took a Spitfire.  Two years later, on 6 May 1944, she married Wing Commander Derek Ronald Walker RAF. He continued active flying operations until he was killed on 14 November 1945 in bad weather while flying a North American Mustang fighter between two UK airfields.  Barnato Walker vowed never to marry again. For 30 years she was the mistress of Whitney Straight, a married pilot and a pre-war champion racing driver, like her father. In 1947, the couple had a son: Barney Barnato Walker.  Shortly after her record-breaking flight in 1963, Barnato Walker was diagnosed with cancer, and subsequently had three operations. She was awarded the MBE in 1965 for services to aviation, and was a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society. She died on 28 April 2008, aged 90.

References.

Notes  Sources

Diana Barnato Walker MBE FRAeS (15 January 1918 – 28 April 2008) was a pioneering English aviator. In World War II, she became one of the first women pilots of the Air Transport Auxiliary, flying 80 types of aircraft and delivering 260 Spitfires. In 1963, she became the first British woman to break the sound barrier, flying at Mach 1.6, which also represented a world air speed record for women.

Diana Barnato Walker (geborene "Barnato", * 15. Januar 1918; † 28. April 2008) war eine englische Pilotin und die erste Britin, die schneller als der Schall flog.


History.

Foundation.

A previous league under the same name, the National Youth League was an Australian national soccer league run in parallel to the National Soccer League (NSL) between 1984 and 2004.  The current league was announced by Football Federation Australia at the start of March 2008. It was set up in conjunction with the A-League in order to continue to develop young Australian talent into the league as well as into the Australian national team and its affiliates such as the under 17, under 20 and under 23 teams. The league's inaugural season was made up of seven teams, each linked to the corresponding Australian club in the A-League (excluding Wellington Phoenix) and had strong links to players training at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). The 2009–10 season saw the addition of Gold Coast United and a team from the Australian Institute of Sport Football Program.

Expansion.

In the 2012–13 season, Gold Coast United were replaced by Western Sydney Wanderers. In April 2017, the closing of the FFA Centre of Excellence (previously the Australian Institute of Sport Football Program) was announced. Before the 2017–18 season, it was announced that Canberra United were granted a National Youth League licence.  All players in the youth teams are between the ages of 16 and 21 as of the start of the calendar year for each new season, while four over-age players from each of the senior teams are also allowed to be selected.

Competition format.

Each club contracts a squad of 16 Youth Development Players. Players must be between the ages of 16 and 23 as of 1 January in the year the season commences. Four over-age players (including goalkeeper) are also allowed to be selected (except when playing the AIS where it is restricted to two), usually these coming from the senior team. Each youth player must receive a minimum of 30 minutes game time. Players under 21 signed for the first team filling foreign player spots are classed as over-age players. These players can be any Australian player within the age group. A-League clubs must draw replacement players for their senior teams from the Youth League squad, except under certain circumstances. Such would include severe injuries to over-age players where an injury replacement player is able to be signed.

Original format.

Up until and including the 2014–15 season the league had an 18-round format with every team playing all other teams Home and Away. In previous seasons an end-of-season finals series playoff tournament was played between the highest-placed teams from the regular season, culminating in the Grand Final game. The aim of a league is to provide a pathway for young players and state league players to play regular high-level football, and allow reserve players from senior A-League teams to remain match fit.

Introduction of conferences.

From the 2015–16 season a new format was introduced. From 2016, all A-League clubs now have youth teams entered into their local conferences of the National Premier Leagues. By having NPL teams, there is now less reliance on the NYL to provide an avenue for youth players to their respective clubs. There was also pressure from A-League clubs to reduce travel budgets. As such the season was shortened from 18 games per team to 8 games plus a Grand Final. The existing ten NYL teams were divided into two conferences of five teams: Conference A consisted of teams from WA, SA, Victoria and Queensland, while teams from ACT and NSW were in Conference B. All teams play all other teams in their conference on a home and away basis. After the home and away series a Grand Final is played between the top teams from each conference.

Clubs.

12 clubs have played in the Y-League from its inception in 2008, up to and including the 2019–20 season.  The following 10 clubs will compete in the Y-League during the 2019–20 season.

Sponsorship.

From 2013, the National Youth League had naming rights sold to Foxtel which was the most recent title sponsor.

The Y-League, formerly known as the National Youth League is an Australian national soccer youth developmental and under-23s reserve league, run by Football Federation Australia. The National Youth League was established as a successor to the competition of the same name and commenced in August 2008. The league runs in conjunction with the A-League as a developmental/reserve league. It is contested by ten teams, nine of which compete in the A-League, the other, the Australian Institute of Sport. Seasons currently run from October to March.

Die A-League National Youth League ist eine nationale australische Fußball-Liga, die parallel zur landesweiten Profiliga A-League ausgetragen wird. Die Liga dient als Nachwuchs- und Reserverunde für die A-League-Teams. Die unter Verantwortung des australischen Fußballverbandes stehende Spielklasse startete im August 2008.


Plot.

Andrew Norris is the new music teacher at a troubled inner city school. As he arrives on his first day, he meets fellow teacher Terry Corrigan, who is carrying a gun. When Andrew asks about the firearm, Terry assures him he will learn why the protection is necessary. When they enter the school, Andrew is shocked to see everyone scanned by metal detectors and frisked. He spots a student with a knife, but the security guards let the kid go because they are so overworked.  The halls of the school are covered with graffiti. Andrew learns he is expected to patrol the halls as a security guard during his off periods. In his first class, a group of five disruptive students are roughhousing and causing trouble. The leader of the gang is Peter Stegman, the only member of the group who is actually registered in that class. They all eventually walk out, and Andrew discovers the rest of the students actually want to learn, especially Arthur, who plays the trumpet, and Deneen, who plays the clarinet.  As Andrew gets to know the school and the area, he decides that he wants to put together an orchestra with his more advanced students. Peter's gang sells drugs, run a strip club, and cause all kinds of mayhem. They follow Andrew home and taunt him one night.  At school, Andrew is confronted with more and more evidence of Peter's crimes. The two grow increasingly at odds. Eventually, after Peter killed Terry's animals in his lab, Andrew and Peter wind up in a bathroom alone together. Peter throws himself into a mirror and beats himself, claiming that Andrew attacked him. Trying to clear things up, Andrew visits Peter's mother at home. Frustrated when Peter still plays the victim and his mother will not hear Andrew out, he hotwires Peter's car and drives it into a wall. During lunch, the gang starts a "food fight" and forces their friend Vinnie to stab Arthur, which he does so and causes him to be sent to a hospital. Vinnie is arrested and held in a youth detention center. Terry is driven insane after the incident with the animals in his lab and is killed after crashing his car when trying to kill Peter and the others.  Andrew's orchestra is about to give its first concert. As his wife Diane gets ready at home, Peter's gang breaks into the house and gang-rapes her. One of them takes a Polaroid of her being raped and has it delivered to Andrew on the podium, just as he is about to start the concert. Horrified by the photo, he runs off the podium in pursuit of Peter's gang. Andrew and the gang chase each other through the school. Andrew kills them off one by one, and finally confronts Peter on the roof. Their last scuffle ends with Peter falling through a skylight and getting strangled to death in the ropes above the stage. His corpse falls into full view of the audience. Andrew is never charged because the police could not find a witness to the crime.

Release.

The film premiered on August 20, 1982 in the United States.

Censorship.

When originally released in the United Kingdom, the theatrical version received four minutes and fourteen seconds of cuts from the British Board of Film Classification, and was refused a video certificate four years later. It was finally passed fully uncut in 2005.

Reception.

Upon original release, the film was banned in several countries due to its lewd content. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 75% based on 20 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.32/10. Metacritic gave the film a score of 49 based on 11 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Home media.

Scream Factory released the film in a Collector's Edition Blu-ray on April 14, 2015.

Legacy.

Comedy writer/producer Tom Scharpling has noted that "Class of 1984" is one of his favorite films. Scharpling would often reference the film on his weekly call in radio program "The Best Show on WFMU".

Sequels.

The film spawned two sci-fi-themed sequels that were loosely based on the original: "Class of 1999" (1990) and the direct-to-video follow-up "" (1994), the first of which was also directed by Lester and like its predecessor, was also released via "Vestron Video", while the latter was released by Vidmark Entertainment. Lionsgate released Class of 1999 on DVD September 16, 2008. The sequel films have been released on DVD in other territories, such as Korea, Italy and Australia.

Class of 1984 is a 1982 Canadian action thriller crime film directed by Mark L. Lester and co-written by Tom Holland and John Saxton based on a story by Holland. The film stars Perry King, Merrie Lynn Ross (who also served as co-executive producer), Timothy Van Patten, Lisa Langlois, Stefan Arngrim, Michael J. Fox (credited as Michael Fox in an early role shortly before his breakthrough on the TV series "Family Ties"), and Roddy McDowall.

Die Klasse von 1984 (Originaltitel: "Class of 1984") ist ein kanadischer Thriller, der in Deutschland am 11. November 1982 anlief und von Mark L. Lester inszeniert wurde.


Background.

After releasing four solo albums under the name Devin Townsend, each with a different recording lineup, Townsend decided in 2002 to assemble a permanent band for his solo material. He formed the Devin Townsend Band, consisting of Brian Waddell on guitar, Mike Young on bass, Ryan Van Poederooyen on drums, and Dave Young on keyboards. The newly formed group released their first album, "Accelerated Evolution", in March 2003. The group recorded and toured for the album while Townsend's extreme metal project, Strapping Young Lad, were doing the same for their third release, "Strapping Young Lad".  At the end of a whirlwind year, Townsend began working on Strapping Young Lad's fourth album, "Alien", in March 2004. Feeling that "Strapping Young Lad" did not live up to expectations, Townsend decided to take the next album to a new extreme. To prepare for "Alien", Townsend stopped taking the medication prescribed to treat his bipolar disorder. "I think that as an artist, in order for me to get to the next plateau, I kind of feel the need to explore things and sometimes that exploration leads you to places that are a little crazy," he explained. "And "Alien" was no exception with that."  Shortly after the release of "Alien" in March 2005, Townsend began putting together the next Devin Townsend Band record with the working title "Human", intended as the more "pleasant" counterpart to "Alien". The album was ultimately entitled "Synchestra", and was "basically a record about coming back down to earth after being in space with "Alien" for a while," according to Townsend.  "Synchestra" was primarily recorded and mixed by Townsend at his home studio, the Devlab. Van Poederooyen's drums were recorded at Armoury Studios in Vancouver, BC. Mike Young's bass recording, and the album's final mixing, took place at Hipposonic Studios in Vancouver. The album was engineered by Shaun Thingvold, who had also worked for Strapping Young Lad and Fear Factory.

Music.

Townsend showcased a wide variety of musical styles in "Synchestra", blending his trademark "pop metal" with influences from folk, polka, and Middle Eastern music, with "a few headbanging elements" mixed in. Bassist Mike Young and guitarist Brian Waddell share vocals on the bonus song "Sunshine and Happiness". Keyboardist Dave Young also plays guitar on "Sunshine and Happiness" and "Sunset". "Triumph" contains a country breakdown based on "On the Pipe" by Steve Morse from the album "The Introduction", and also features a solo by Steve Vai, for whom Townsend performed lead vocals on the album "Sex & Religion".  Because the album is considered a single piece, several tracks recall themes played earlier in the record; in addition, "Judgement" would later be referenced in "Polyphony" from SYL's "The New Black".

Release.

"Synchestra" was released on January 31, 2006. The album was released on Townsend's label HevyDevy Records in North America, and InsideOut in Europe. A two-disc special edition was released simultaneously with the standard edition. The special edition includes an in-studio live DVD titled "Safe Zone" containing eight tracks played live in the studio and some bonus features put together by the band. The special edition was released in digipak and jewel-case formats. A music video was produced for the song "Vampira".

Reception.

"Synchestra" debuted at number 33 in Finland, number 85 in Germany, and 128 in France. The album received favorable reviews from critics. Greg Prato of "Allmusic" praised the album's diversity and originality, remarking that "Townsend seems to be getting more musically daring with each subsequent release, unlike some other veteran rockers who start to play it safe as the years roll on." Scott Alisoglu of "Blabbermouth.net" compared the album favorably to "Accelerated Evolution". He wrote that the album has "melodies that are bit more out front" yet is "still as progressive as they come."

Synchestra ( ) is the eighth solo album by Canadian musician Devin Townsend, and the second and final album he recorded with The Devin Townsend Band. The album was released in January 2006 on Townsend's label, HevyDevy Records.

Synchestra () ist das siebente Soloalbum des kanadischen Musikers Devin Townsend und das zweite Album, das er mit der The Devin Townsend Band aufnahm. Das Album wurde im Januar 2006 bei Townsends Label HevyDevy Records veröffentlicht.


Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Saint Michael Archangel in Sydney

Territory and statistics.

The eparchy includes all Catholic faithful of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church in Australia and New Zealand. Its eparchial seat is in the town of Darlington, a suburb of Sydney, in New South Wales, where is located the Cathedral of St. Michael and All Angels.  The territory is divided into 13 parishes and there were 50,000 Catholics in 2010.

History.

In the mid-19th century began the migration of Christians of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church to Australia. The first colonies fixed in Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne, and later settled in other regions. After the number of believers was significantly increased, the need arose to exercise faith and the Eucharist in the Byzantine rite.  In 1889, an Archimandrite of the Basilian Chouerite Order of St. John the Baptist, Silwanos Mansour, was from Baalbek in Lebanon to Australia to visit his parents. At the request of the faithful, he remained, after he had obtained the administering approval of the Church in Sydney. Mansour began with the collection of donations, and in 1891 the cornerstone of the first church of the Melkite Greek Catholic community are placed. The foundation stone of the church was blessed by Bishop Higgins on behalf of the Roman Catholic Archbishop Patrick Francis Moran of Sydney. The dedication of the church took place in 1895 and was a meeting place for the Christian faithful from various Eastern Churches. Since 1895 at the church is sided the name "Saint Michael Archangel" Cathedral. Pope John Paul II implemented the eparchy with the Apostolic constitution Quae quantaque on 26 March 1987. The territory of the diocese is covering also New Zealand since 22 September 1999 when Pope John Paul II, by decree of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, extended the jurisdiction of Eparchy also to the faithful of the Melkites in New Zealand.

The Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Saint Michael Archangel (Latin: Eparchia Sancti Michaëlis Sydneyensis Graecorum Melkitarum) is based in Sydney suburb of Darlington, Australia. The eparchy is administered by Bishop Robert Rabbat. The Rt. Rev. Abdallah Sayegh is the current vicar general. The eparchy was established in March 1987.

Die Eparchie Erzengel Sankt Michael in Sydney (lat.: "Eparchia Sancti Michaëlis Sydneyensis Graecorum Melkitarum") ist eine mit der römisch-katholischen Kirche unierte melkitische Eparchie mit Sitz in Sydneys Vorort Darlington, Australien.


Design and history.

In the early 1940s, John Entenza, the owner of Arts & Architecture magazine and Case Study Program founder, purchased 5 acres of land on a wooded bluff that was once part of Will Rogers' large estate. He sold 1.4 acres of this land to Charles and Ray in 1945. Their home's design was first sketched out by Charles Eames with fellow architect Eero Saarinen in 1945 as a raised steel and glass box projecting out of the slope and spanning the entrance drive before cantilevering dramatically over the front yard. The structure was to be constructed entirely from "off-the-shelf" parts available from steel fabricator catalogs. Immediately after the war, though, these parts were in very short supply. By the time the materials arrived three years later, much pre-construction time had been spent picnicking at and exploring the lot where the house would stand. After a period of intense collaboration between Charles and Ray, the scheme was radically changed to sit more quietly in the land and avoid impinging upon the pleasant meadow that fronted the house. Although Eero Saarinen did not have any contribution to the Eames House as-built, he did co-design the Entenza House (Case Study House #9) with Charles Eames nextdoor for John Entenza. The new Eames House design featured a residence building and a studio building tucked into the landscape's slope, with an 8-foot (2.4 m) tall by 200 foot (60 m) long concrete retaining wall. The lower level of the residence features a living room with alcove, hall with closets and spiral staircase, kitchen, and utility space. The upper level holds two bedrooms and overlooks the double-height living room in mezzanine fashion. The residence's second story also boasts two bathrooms, multiple hallways filled with aluminum closets, and a wire-embedded skylight. The studio building has a similar mezzanine, but is much shorter in length. The studio's ground floor features a utility sink, bathroom, dark room for processing photographs, and a large open space with double-volume height. The upper floor was primarily used as storage, but occasionally became guest quarters. A courtyard was also introduced, separating the residence from the studio space. This revised scheme required only one additional beam. The 17 foot (5.1 m) tall facade is broken down into a rigidly geometric composition of brightly-colored and neutral-colored panels between thin steel columns and braces, painted "a warm grey". Over time, painting schemes allowed the grey to become black. The entry door is marked with a gold-leaf panel above. Planted in the 1880s by Abbot Kinney, an existing row of eucalyptus trees was preserved along the exposed wall of the house, providing some shading and a visual contrast with the house's bold facade.  As for the interior design, the Eameses' collection includes, among others: an Isamu Noguchi floor lamps, folk and Abstract Expressionist art, Japanese kokeshi dolls, Chinese lacquered pillows, Native American baskets, Thonet chairs, and numerous Eames furniture designs (some of which never made it past the prototype stage). The maximalist interiors were grouped by the Eameses in idiosyncratic tableaux and the home's interior decorating has sparked conversation of the Eameses "humanizing" modernism. Of the twenty-five Case Study Houses built, the Eames house is considered the most successful both as an architectural statement and as a comfortable, functional living space. The brash sleekness of the design made it a favorite backdrop for fashion shoots in the 1950s and 1960s for publications such as Vogue. Perhaps the proof of its success in fulfilling its program is the fact that it remained at the center of the Eameses' life and work from the time they moved in (Christmas Eve 1949) until their deaths.  Eames House is one prominent architectural example with the influence of the De Stijl Movement outside Europe. The sliding walls and windows give it the trademark versatility and openness of the De Stijl Movement.  After the Eameses died, the house was largely unchanged.

The Eames Foundation.

The Eames House is operated by The Eames Foundation, a non-profit foundation established in 2004 by Lucia Eames, Charles Eames’s daughter from his first marriage. The Eames Foundation's corporate sponsors are the Eames Office, Herman Miller, and Vitra. On September 20, 2006, the Eames House was designated a National Historic Landmark (and administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places the same day). In 2011, the contents of the living room were reassembled at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art as a centerpiece of the exhibition “California Design, 1930-1965: Living in a Modern Way”.  Also in 2011, the Eames Foundation hired Los Angeles architectural firm Escher GuneWardena to develop a plan for the house, one that would restore and preserve the house as it was in 1988. In 2012, the Getty Conservation Institute pledged about $250,000 to preservation-related research work at the Eames House. In 2013, the Eames Foundation teamed up with the digital marketing agency Nebo to produce limited-edition prints for auction with a goal of raising $150,000; every donation will be matched by an Authenticity Fund created by modern furniture manufacturers Herman Miller and Vitra.  Lucia Eames passed away in 2014, leaving her five children as the Board of Directors of the Eames Foundation. Together, with the help of staff and docents, they oversee the ownership, conservation, and visitor services of the two structures, landscaping, and Charles and Ray's belongings. The Eames Foundation's 250 Year Project hopes to conserve and care for the home for 250 years into the future.  The Eames House is open to the public five days a week for reservations, which include exterior self-guided visits, private interior tours, picnics, events, and more.

Literature.

In February 2010 LAS Magazine posted an article about the building's history and current significance to the Eames Century Modern Collection, a typography project by design studio House Industries.  In April 2019, the Getty Conservation Institute released the Conservation Management Plan (CMP) of the Eames House. This publication spanned over 200 pages and featured Eames House history, current use of the property, potential damage and ecological risks, and mitigations for conservation. This publication will aid the Eames Foundation's 250 Year Project for conservation and serves as a tool for other stewards of modern architecture around the globe.

The Eames House (also known as Case Study House No. 8) is a landmark of mid-20th century modern architecture located at 203 North Chautauqua Boulevard in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles. It was constructed in 1949, by husband-and-wife design pioneers Charles and Ray Eames, to serve as their home and studio. The house is also known as Case Study House No. 8 because it was commissioned by "Arts & Architecture" magazine as part of a program challenging architects to design progressive, but modest, homes in Southern California. Charles and Ray moved into the home on Christmas Eve in 1949 and never moved out (Charles died in August 1978 and Ray died in August 1988). Charles's daughter, Lucia Eames, inherited the home and created the non-profit organization, the Eames Foundation, in 2004. Still a historic house museum maintained by the Eames Foundation, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006 and serves as a pilgrimage site for nearly 20,000 visitors a year (reservations are required).

Das Eames House ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Wohnhaus, das von dem Architekten Charles Eames und seiner Frau Ray Eames 1949 im Rahmen des Case-Study-Houses-Programms der Zeitschrift Arts & Architecture als ihr privates Wohnhaus gebaut wurde. Das auch "Case Study House Nr. 8" genannte Haus steht im Pacific-Palisades-Viertel von Los Angeles unweit der Pazifik-Küste.


History.

Before Namibian independence the territory was known as South West Africa. All elections until 1978 were only for Whites, but even thereafter several parties representing the indigenous population, among them SWAPO, were excluded.  The first parliamentary elections were held in Namibia between 7 and 11 November 1989. These elections were for the Constituent Assembly of Namibia, which, upon independence in March 1990, became the National Assembly of Namibia. SWAPO won as expected, gaining 41 of the 72 seats, but not with the margin that was anticipated. Support for the opposition parties Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA, 21 seats) and United Democratic Front (UDF, 4 seats) was strong in the former bantustans including Hereroland and Damaraland. Since then, election results of the opposition parties have been dwindling steadily. For instance the DTA gained 15 seats in 1994, 7 seats in 1999, and 4 seats in 2004. the state of the opposition has been described as "on the verge of collapsing".  In 2019 Hage Geingob won the presidential election and received a second term as president. His percentage of votes gained, however, dropped significantly from 87% in 2014 to 56% in 2019. While rural areas predominantly supported Geingob, many urban centres voted for the independent candidate, Panduleni Itula, who received 29% of the overall votes. No other candidate achieved a two-digit result. SWAPO, yet again, won a majority of seats in the National Assembly, but closely missed the threshold for a two-thirds majority, which it held since 1994. Consequently, opposition parties also gained seats, most prominently the PDM, which obtained 16 seats in the National Assembly. The PDM's 16.60% vote share is its best electoral performance since the 1994 election.

Elections in Namibia gives information on election and election results in Namibia. Namibia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The Parliament is bicameral in nature. Until 2014 the National Assembly had 78 members of which 72 were elected by direct popular vote using the proportional representation and a maximum of 6 non-voting members are appointed by the president. The members are elected for a five-year term. Since then the number of elected seats to the National Assembly was increased to 96 to allow for wider representation of the population, although the real reason behind it was the newly introduced gender equality system of the ruling party SWAPO. This system would have pushed several male members out of parliament.The National Council has 26 members, elected for a six-year term in double-seat constituencies (regions). Namibia is a democratic but one party dominant state with the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) in power.

Bei Wahlen in Namibia unterscheidet man seit der Unabhängigkeit 1990 vier verschiedene Anlässe, zu denen diese in Namibia stattfinden. Alle Wahlen basieren auf der Verfassung Namibias und dem Wahlrecht von 1992 („Electoral Act“ 1992) mit Anpassungen von 2006 und 2009. Namibia, als demokratischer Staat, stützt sich auf ein Mehrparteiensystem. Namibia ist für Wahlen in derzeit (Stand: 9. August 2013) 121 Wahlkreise unterteilt.


Phonology.

The Akha dialect spoken in Alu village, 55 kilometers northwest of Chiang Rai city in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand is described below. Katsura conducted his study during the late 1960s. With a population of 400 it was, at the time, one of the largest Akha villages in Northern Thailand and was still growing as a result of cross-border migration from Burma. The Akha in Alu spoke no Standard Thai and communicated with outsiders using either Lahu Na or Shan.  The Alu dialect has 23 or 24 consonants depending on how the syllabic nasal is analyzed. The, realized variously as or, can be analyzed as a separate single consonant or as sequences of /ʔm/ and /hm/. Katsura chose the latter but listed the /m/ component of the syllabic consonant with the vowels. Akha is often described as glottal "tension" rather than a true stop  Any consonant may begin a syllable, but native Akha syllables which don't end in a vowel may only end in either -m or -ɔŋ. A few loan words have been noted that end in -aŋ or -aj. In the case of a nasal coda, some vowels become nasalized. Alu Akha distinguishes ten vowel qualities, contrasting rounded and unrounded back vowels at three heights while only the mid front vowels contrast roundness.  Three vowels,, and, show marked nasalization when followed by a nasal consonant becoming, and, respectively.

Varieties.

Laos.

The table below lists the Akha varieties surveyed in Kingsada (1999), Shintani (2001), and Kato (2008), with autonyms and informant birth places given as well. All locations are in Phongsaly Province, northern Laos.  Akha Chicho, spoken in Ban Pasang village, Muang Sing district, Luang Namtha Province, is documented in Hayashi (2018). Hayashi (2018: 8) reports that Akha Chicho is mutually intelligible with Akha Buli.

China.

In Jinghong City and Menghai County, the two major Hani subgroups are Jiuwei 鸠为 and Jizuo 吉坐. The Jizuo 吉坐 are the largest Hani ethnic subgroup in Jinghong.  The Jiuwei claim to have migrated from Honghe and Mojiang. The Jiuwei live in various villages in Jinghong, including:  There are also ethnic Hani that are locally called Aini 爱尼 living in 7 villages on Nanlin Mountain 南林山 of southwestern Jinghong, namely Manbage 曼八阁, Manjinglong 曼景龙, Manjingnan 曼景囡, Mangudu 曼固独, Manbaqi 曼把奇, Manbasan 曼巴伞, and Manjingmai 曼景卖.

Akha is the language spoken by the Akha people of southern China (Yunnan Province), eastern Burma (Shan State), northern Laos, and northern Thailand.

Akha ist die Sprache der südostasiatischen Ethnie der Akha, deren Angehörige in Birma (dort überwiegend im Shan-Staat), der Volksrepublik China (im Südwesten Yunans), Laos (Provinz Phongsali und Luang Namtha), Thailand (Provinzen Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai und Mae Hong Son) und im Nordwesten von Vietnam (Provinzen Quang Binh und Quang Tri) leben. Die Sprache wird in China als ein Dialekt des Hani angesehen.


Controversy.

A controversial incident occurred in frame 13 of the semi final match between John Higgins and Ronnie O'Sullivan. In trying to escape from a snooker after Higgins had left him in among the reds, O'Sullivan brushed one of the balls with his wrist while trying to play a colour. The foul was called by referee Jan Verhaas and acknowledged by O'Sullivan; however, when Higgins asked for the cue ball to be replaced, the referee refused because he had not called a miss- the foul could not be called as a miss by the letter of the law as a stroke had not actually been played- and he also did not have the option of a free ball. Additionally, O'Sullivan could not be put back in because in a situation where reds are still on the table, the miss rule does not apply when playing a colour and O'Sullivan would have to play for a red if the cue ball was replaced. Higgins was awarded 4 points for the foul but was required to play the next shot from where the cue ball finished. The incident was debated in the TV studio by former players Steve Davis and John Parrot who were covering the event for BBC, both of whom stated that they had never known of this situation having occurred before, and Verhaas was interviewed by Davis. The referee stated that he had applied the letter of the law but acknowledged that the law may need to be reviewed and that in the spirit of fair play he could have required O'Sullivan to play for a colour. Higgins took the frame and eventually won the match 9–8.

Prize fund.

The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: Winner: £100,000 Runner-up: £46,000 Semi-final: £23,250 Quarter-final: £16,450 Last 16: £12,050 Last 32: £8,750 Last 48: £5,500 Last 64: £2,300  Stage one highest break: £500 Stage two highest break: £5,000  Stage one maximum break: £1,000 Stage two maximum break: £25,000  Total: £625,000

Main draw.

<nowiki>*</nowiki> Dott withdrew due to illness.

Qualifying.

These matches were held between 23 and 30 November 2009 at the Pontin's Centre, Prestatyn, Wales.

The 2009 Pukka Pies UK Championship was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 5–13 December 2009 at the Telford International Centre in Telford, England.

Die Pukka Pies UK Championship 2009 waren ein Snookerturnier, das vom 5. bis 13. Dezember 2009 in Telford ausgetragen wurde.