Early life.

Hemme was born in Poway, California, but she grew up in Temecula, California. She enjoyed racing street bikes and dirt bikes. She was a "self-described" tomboy. She grew up watching wrestling and favored The Undertaker.  She was a cheerleader for two years at Temecula Valley High School. She graduated in 1998 at age seventeen. Hemme attended Mt. San Jacinto College, where she majored in dance.

Modeling career.

After graduating, she relocated to Los Angeles, California to pursue a career in modeling. Hemme initially joined a burlesque dance team known as "The Purrfect Angelz". She performed at Easyrider tours and Harley motorcycle rallies. She went on to appear in magazines such as "Maxim", "Playboy", "Rolling Stone", and "Stuff". In addition, she appeared in the music video of the Trace Adkins songs "Chrome", and "Honky Tonk Badonkadonk" and in videos for bands Blink-182 and Sonic. She also had parts in commercials for AT&T Corporation and TrimSpa, and she was a spokesmodel for Hawaiian Tropic. Other early jobs included a waitressing job at Hooters.  In past years, her image has also been found on Bench Warmer trading cards as Christy "Sunni" Hemme. As Sunni, she was Bullz-eye.com's featured model in September 2002. Her modeling career led to her joining the cast of Comedy Central's "The Man Show" as a member of the "Juggy Dance Squad" in 2003. Hemme remained with the series for a year, during which she appeared on "The Commies", a Comedy Central produced award show, on December 7, 2003.  Hemme took part in the 2004 Lingerie Bowl. She appeared on the cover of the April 2005 issue of "Playboy" magazine. Before appearing nude in the magazine, Hemme got the permission of her father, who had previously requested that she never pose nude. She also competed as a quarterback for the Chicago Bliss Lingerie Football League team in the 2006 Lingerie Bowl.

Professional wrestling career.

World Wrestling Entertainment.

Diva Search (2004).

In mid-2004, Hemme participated in the Diva Search, a competition held by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) to recruit new WWE Divas. In the course of the competition, Hemme and the five other finalists faced seven existing Divas in a game of dodgeball at SummerSlam on August 15, eliminating all eight Divas with the loss of just one finalist, Joy Giovanni. Hemme was announced as the winner of the competition on September 20, with a prize of a one-year contract with WWE, with remuneration of $250,000.

Brand switches (2004–2005).

Hemme began her WWE career as a member of the Raw roster. She quickly began a feud with Carmella DeCesare, the runner-up of the Diva Search. The feud culminated in a "lingerie pillow fight" at Taboo Tuesday on October 19, which Hemme won.  Following her feud with DeCesare, Hemme began a rivalry with WWE Women's Champion Trish Stratus. Stratus, along with Molly Holly and Gail Kim, threw Hemme an initiation party, but, it soon turned into a 3-on-1 Bra and Panties Handicap match, which Hemme lost. As Stratus was ostensibly scornful of Hemme's appearance in the April 2005 issue of "Playboy", Stratus interrupted Hemme's unveiling and spray painted all over the cover. Hemme responded by slapping her, which resulted in Stratus knocking her out with a Chick Kick and spraying the word "slut" on her back. Hemme eventually challenged Stratus to a match at WrestleMania 21, with Stratus's nemesis Lita training her in the weeks preceding the event. At the event on April 3, Hemme unsuccessfully challenged Stratus for the Women's Championship.  In the months after WrestleMania, Hemme began a feud with Victoria, who claimed to be jealous of the opportunities afforded to Hemme. Hemme would feud with Victoria during "Raw" house shows, and defeated her on several occasions. On the June 6 episode of "Raw", Hemme teamed up with Rosey and The Hurricane in a losing effort to Victoria and The Heart Throbs (Antonio and Romeo) in a six-person mixed tag team match. The feud culminated in a bout at Vengeance on June 26, which Victoria won. With her feud with Victoria over, Hemme briefly aligned herself with Eugene, before she and Stacy Keibler were traded to the SmackDown! brand in exchange for Candice Michelle and Torrie Wilson, on August 25.  On the September 30 episode of "SmackDown!", Hemme began a feud with Melina, the valet of MNM, after losing to her in a singles match, and in the process joined forces with the Legion of Doom. At No Mercy on October 9, Hemme and the Legion of Doom defeated MNM in a six-person intergender tag team match. On the November 5 episode of "SmackDown!", Hemme defeated Melina in a Bra and Panties match. Her feud with Melina continued into November, with Melina defeating Hemme in two singles bouts.

Ohio Valley Wrestling and departure (2005).

On November 30, Hemme debuted in Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), a WWE developmental territory, aligning herself with Matt Cappotelli in opposition to Aaron Stevens, Beth Phoenix, and Shelly Martinez. On the December 7 episode of OVW TV, Hemme teamed up with Cappotelli in a winning effort defeating Stevens, Phoenix, and Martinez in three-on-two handicap match.  On December 5, 2005, Hemme was released from her WWE contract. The release happened shortly after WWE asked her to relocate to Louisville, Kentucky to train at OVW. The company cited budget cuts and the creative team having nothing for her as the reason for her dismissal.  In November 2008, in her column for TNAwrestling.com, Hemme stated her departure from WWE was on her own terms.

Return to WWE (2017).

Hemme appeared at the 2017 WWE Hall of Fame to support Beth Phoenix, the first time she has been seen in the WWE since 2005.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.

The Rock 'n Rave Infection (2006–2008).

Hemme signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in April 2006, and she debuted on April 23 at Lockdown. In addition to her hosting role on "Impact!", she was also the co-host of the Internet show "TNA Global Impact!" with Jeremy Borash. At "Hardcore War", Hemme refereed a match between Traci and Gail Kim. In July 2006, she was featured on the "Women of Action" special. She also began traveling to Windsor, Ontario to train under TNA agent Scott D'Amore in between TNA television tapings. Hemme was also voted the 2006 Knockout of the Year. On January 14, 2007 at Final Resolution, Hemme interrupted the Voodoo Kin Mafia (VKM) and cut a promo about the involvement of women in wrestling. She said that she wanted to wrestle too, and the mostly male crowd in the TNA arena jeered her. Kip James called her a "slut", which garnered him a slap from Hemme, while B.G. James attempted to play peacemaker, turning Hemme heel in the process. In the following weeks, Kip and Hemme argued over his lack of respect for her and women in general. Hemme made her TNA in-ring debut at Against All Odds, where she wrestled and defeated "The Big Fat Oily Guy" in a Tuxedo match, but after his match, Kip James stripped her of her clothes. On the March 8 episode of "Impact", Hemme asked Jim Cornette for a match pitting the Voodoo Kin Mafia against her new, previously undisclosed, team, at Destination X. Cornette consented and booked the match. At the pay-per-view, Hemme introduced The Heartbreakers. Despite Hemme's attempts to give Kip James a low blow, the VKM defeated her team, who she later browbeat at ringside. Hemme later announced that she had found another team to face the VKM. On the pre-show prior to the Lockdown pay-per-view, the mystery team was revealed to be Serotonin (Havok and Kaz), but VKM defeated them as well. She then brought in Basham and Damaja as her new permanent tag team in her battle with VKM. The team beat Kip in a handicap match at Sacrifice, as B.G. had been attacked by them earlier in the night. At Slammiversary, VKM beat Basham and Damaja, but VKM's associate Lance Hoyt turned on them and kissed Hemme. at Bound for Glory, Hemme competed in the Gauntlet for the Gold match to crown the first TNA Women's Knockout Champion but was unable to continue and was removed from the match by EMTs.  Basham and Damaja were then released from the company, and Hoyt formed a partnership with Jimmy Rave, dubbed The Rock 'n Rave Infection, with Hemme as their manager. In the winter of 2007, Hemme, Rave, and Hoyt began a feud with The Latin American Xchange (LAX) faction after being attacked several times by a mysterious assailant. The assailant was revealed to be Salinas at Final Resolution following LAX's victory over the Infection. Shortly after Final Resolution, The Rock 'n Rave Infection began a new gimmick, portraying a rock band, with Hemme as the lead singer. On the March 13 episode of "Impact", Hemme, Rave and Hoyt won a six-person tag team match against LAX after Hemme hit Salinas with a guitar. At No Surrender, Hemme, Hoyt, and Rave lost in an intergender six-person tag team match against the Prince Justice Brotherhood (Shark Boy, Curry Man, and Super Eric).

Singles competition (2008–2009).

On the October 16, 2008 episode of "Impact!", Hoyt and Rave were attacked by Kurt Angle, and were hospitalized. As Hemme attempted to leave the building and go to the hospital, The Beautiful People (Angelina Love and Velvet Sky) and Cute Kip confronted and insulted her, which led to the trio attacking her and placing a brown paper bag over her head. Hemme transitioned into a face by defeating Sky on the October 23, 2008 episode of "Impact!". She feuded with the Beautiful People, which resulted in two consecutive tag team matches with ODB and Sojourner Bolt as per partners, respectively. After showcasing improved wrestling skills, Hemme was then placed into a more active in-ring role, being pushed to challenge Awesome Kong for the TNA Women's Knockout Championship at Final Resolution, after defeating Raisha Saeed on the November 27 episode of "TNA Impact!". Hemme then teamed with A.J. Styles in a mixed tag team match against Kong and Scott Steiner, where Hemme pinned Kong. At Final Resolution, Hemme was attacked by Saeed and Rhaka Khan and won the match by disqualification, and thus Kong retained the title. Hemme was subsequently granted a rematch at Genesis. A week later, Hemme teamed with ODB against Khan and Saeed in a winning effort. On January 2009, Hemme sustained a neck injury while training in the ring with Styles for her match, and was deemed unable to compete at Genesis.  After a seven-month absence, Hemme returned on the August 13, 2009 episode of "Impact!", defeating Sojournor Bolt. The following week on "Impact", she formed an alliance with her former rival Tara, when they helped save Madison Rayne from an attack from Angelina Love and Velvet Sky. Later that night, Hemme competed in a four-way match against Sarita, Awesome Kong and Traci Brooks, which Brooks won. On the September 3 episode of "Impact", Hemme competed in the first round of the tournament for the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship alongside her tag partner Tara against Sojourner Bolt and Hamada, which Hemme and Tara won. However, on September 17, the duo lost in the semi-finals to the Beautiful People due to interference from Madison Rayne. On the October 1 episode of "Impact!", Hemme defeated Traci Brooks in a "Battle of the Playboy Models" match, but was attacked by Brooks after the match. On the October 29 episode of "Impact!", Hemme teamed with Hamada and ODB in a six-woman tag team match, where they were defeated by Rayne, Sky and Lacey Von Erich, after Von Erich pinned Hemme.

Ring announcer and interviewer (2009–2016).

On the December 10 episode of "Impact!" Hemme debuted in her new role as a backstage interviewer. On December 16, 2009, Hemme announced her retirement from in-ring competition. On April 7, 2010, Dixie Carter announced that Hemme had signed a new multi-year deal with the company. On the December 2 episode on "Impact!", Hemme was involved in a small backstage catfight with Cookie during a brawl with Cookie's cohort, X Division Champion Robbie E, and Jay Lethal. On the December 16 episode of "Impact!", Hemme came out during an X Division Championship match between Robbie E and Lethal and handcuffed herself to Cookie, thus preventing her from interfering in the match and subsequently costing Robbie the X Division Championship. After the match, Hemme and Lethal celebrated, which led to a kiss between the two.  On the April 28, 2011 episode of "Impact!", Hemme began working as a ring announcer. On the September 20, 2012 episode of "Impact Open Fight Night", Hemme was called out by Tara, only to be attacked by her after she refused to say Tara was her favorite Knockout. Miss Tessmacher then made the save for Hemme.  In November 2013, Hemme was put in a storyline with Samuel Shaw, after Hemme interviewed Shaw at his home. Shaw later became an obsessed fan of Hemme, and started asking her on dates, including one in his house, where it was shown that Shaw had a room full of posters and a mannequin of Hemme. Hemme was confronted by Shaw on the February 27 episode of "Impact Wrestling" after an incident the previous week, in which she was injured when Shaw attacked Mr. Anderson. Hemme was used as a shield by Shaw to fend off Mr. Anderson after Anderson attempted to save Hemme from Shaw after she slapped him as well as exact revenge for the previous week's attack.  On April 7, 2014, Hemme was announced as member of the TNA creative team. On April 24, 2015, episode of "Impact Wrestling", Hemme was attacked by the debuting Jade and Marti Bell of The Dollhouse, after Jade lost a match to Laura Dennis. In February 2016, Hemme took an hiatus from TNA being replaced by Jeremy Borash. On April 1, 2016, she announced her departure from TNA.

Independent circuit (2006–2009, 2011).

In November 2006, Hemme participated in the Queens of Chaos shows in Paris, France. She wrestled in a pair of singles matches against the villainous April Hunter; Hemme won the first match, but lost the second. She then defeated British wrestler Minx to earn the right to referee the championship match, which was eventually won by Hunter. On July 21, 2007, Hemme defeated Ann Brookstone at a Heavy on Wrestling event in Superior, Wisconsin with Nora Greenwald acting as Special Guest Referee. She has also competed in Women Superstars Uncensored under the ring name Kristy Hemme.  Christy made her debut for Northeast Wrestling (NEW) on the November 7, 2009 at the "Saugerties Slam" pay-per-view, where competed against Velvet Sky. On November 13, at the "Hart Attack" pay-per-view, Hemme captured her first victory, defeating Alexxis Nevaeh with Kurt Adonis as the special guest referee. On November 14, at the NEW special event "Autumn Ambush" pay-per-view, Hemme defeated Lea Morrison in a singles match.  On May 14, 2011, Hemme made her debut for Family Wrestling Entertainment (FWE) at the "Meltdown" pay-per-view, as a special guest referee for match between fellow TNA Knockouts Winter and Rosita.

KAYfABE (2020–present).

In March 2020, Hemme, along with Lita and Gail Kim, announced "KAYfABE", a new wrestling show inspired by true events which blends scripted drama with pro wrestling.

Music and acting.

In September 2006, Hemme recorded a song entitled "Society Box", which was featured on TNA's November 21, 2006 music release, "". Hemme is also the founder and lead singer in HEMME. The band released five songs on their MySpace: "In This Moment", "Visit Me Mom", "Shine", "Dear You", and "Dirty"; the songs have since been removed following the departure of original members Randy Ramirez, Steve Goodwin, Roland Maniago, and Rocky Ramirez, all from the band POLARIS. Hemme released another song, "Don't Give Up", and an EP entitled "Where are You", which is available on iTunes. The EP features Eric Friedman on Guitar and Garrett Whitlock on drums. Both are currently playing in the band Tremonti and formerly of the band Submersed.  In December 2006, Hemme recorded a scene for "Bloodstained Memoirs", a wrestling documentary. Her scene can be seen in the special extras of the DVD. Hemme made her acting debut in the film "Fallen Angels", portraying the deadly sin "Lust". She also filmed a role in another horror film titled "Bubba's Chili Parlor", playing a zombie.  In November 2010, Hemme was a contestant on an all TNA week of "Family Feud", teaming with Angelina Love, Lacey Von Erich, Tara and Velvet Sky against Jay Lethal, Matt Morgan, Mick Foley, Mr. Anderson and Rob Van Dam.

Personal life.

Hemme has a brother, David, and a sister, Deena Hemme, who is also a model. Hemme is an avid motorcyclist. She owns a Harley-Davidson Dyna Low Rider.  Hemme is married to Charley Patterson in 2010. On January 6, 2015, Hemme gave birth to her first child, a girl, named Charlie Rose. On September 8, 2017, Hemme announced on YouTube that she was expecting quadruplets, three boys and a girl. On October 25, 2017, she revealed the names of her quadruplets: Hemme Lee Patterson, Jagger James Patterson, Quinn Eugene Patterson, and Sunni Sue Patterson. They were born on January 6, 2018, at 32 weeks gestation, sharing the same birthday as their big sister.

Christina Lee Hemme (born October 28, 1980) is an American professional wrestling valet, ring announcer, singer and retired professional wrestler and model. She is best known for her time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA, now known as Impact Wrestling), as a ring announcer and one of the original Knockouts when TNA Knockouts Division was born in 2007, and as a former wrestler in WWE as a WWE Diva. She was also the winner of the 2004 WWE Diva Search, receiving $250,000 and a one-year contract with the company.

Christina Lee Hemme (* 28. Oktober 1980 in Poway, Kalifornien), besser bekannt als Christy Hemme, ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin, Model, Sängerin und ehemalige Wrestlerin. Seit April 2006 steht sie bei Total Nonstop Action Wrestling unter Vertrag und ist dort derzeit als Backstage-Interviewerin und Ringsprecherin tätig.


Biography.

Born in Milan, Lombardy, she is the daughter of Maria Rosa Quario, a former World Cup racer in the early 1980s who had four World Cup wins and fifteen podiums, all in slalom. Brignone made her World Cup debut in December 2007 at age 17, and her first full season on the World Cup circuit was in 2010. At her first World Championships in 2011, Brignone won the silver medal in the giant slalom. In December 2012, Brignone underwent surgery on her right ankle to remove a bothersome cyst, and missed the rest of the 2013 season.  In 2017 Brignone won the giant slalom race at the World Cup Finals in Aspen, leading an Italian hat-trick and triumphing ahead of teammates Sofia Goggia and Marta Bassino. Brignone was part of the podium in two other times when Italian athletes took the top three places in a women's World Cup race: a second place in Bad Kleinkirchheim in 2018 and a third place in Bansko in 2020, both downhill events.  At the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, Brignone won the bronze medal in the giant slalom for her first Olympic medal.  In the 2019–2020 season Brignone earned the overall crystal globe with 1378 points – ahead of Mikaela Shiffrin with 1225 and Petra Vlhova with 1189 – becoming the first and only woman to win World Cup for Italy. With 11 seasonal podiums of which 5 victories Brignone also won the Giant Slalom and the Alpine Combined globes.<br>  Through March 2020, she has 15 World Cup victories and 39 podiums, with 22 in giant slalom.

Personal life.

She is engaged with the French skier Nicolas Raffort.

Federica Brignone (born 14 July 1990) is an Italian World Cup alpine ski racer. Brignone won the 2020 World Cup overall title, becoming the first italian female skier to achieve this feat. She is also an Olympic and World Championship medalist.

Federica („Fede“) Brignone (* 14. Juli 1990 in Mailand) ist eine italienische Skirennläuferin. Sie ist die Tochter der ehemaligen Skirennläuferin Maria Rosa Quario und besonders in den Disziplinen Riesenslalom und Super-G erfolgreich. Ihr größter Erfolg ist der Sieg im Gesamtweltcup in der Saison 2019/20. Außerdem gewann sie bisher eine WM-Silbermedaille und eine olympische Bronzemedaille.


Biography.

He was born at Landsberg am Lech in Bavaria 1489, died at Cologne on 11 August 1539. After studying philosophy at the University of Cologne, he joined the Carthusian Order at the age of twenty (1509), entering the Charterhouse of St. Barbara at Cologne. He was named novice-master there in 1520, and in 1530 became prior of the Charterhouse of Vogelsang near Jülich, where according to Hartzheim, he was also preacher ("concionator") to the Court of William, Duke of Jülich, and confessor to the duke's mother. Because of bad health in 1534 he had to return to Cologne, where a few years later he was named sub-prior and remained in that office until his death. He was a monk of saintly life, employing all the time he could spare from his duties towards others in prayer, contemplation and writing on ascetical and mystical subjects.

Writings.

His literary works comprise paraphrases and homilies on the Epistles and Gospels of the liturgical year, sermons for Sundays and festivals, meditations and discourses on the Life and Passion of Christ, and a variety of treatises, sermons, letters, meditations etc. on subjects pertaining to the spiritual life. He was not a polemist. Among his productions the only ones of a controversial kind are two dissertations against Lutheran errors (from the Catholic point of view) and in defense of the monastic life. These two treatises are also all that he wrote in German, his other writings being in Latin.  The chief feature of his writings is ardent and tender piety. The love of God for man, calling for a corresponding love of man for God, is his usual theme treated in various ways. One thing particularly worthy of mark is the frequency with which he speaks of the Heart of Christ, and pressingly exhorts every Christian to take the Sacred Heart as an object of special love, veneration and imitation. Indeed, it may perhaps be said that no one before him had laid down and explained so clearly the principles upon which that devotion is grounded, nor had so developed their practical application. He was one of the last, and was perhaps the most precise in language, of those whose written teachings paved the way for Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque and her mission, and helped to prepare the Catholic mind for the great devotion of modern times. To him also Catholics owed the first Latin edition (Cologne, 1536) of the "Revelations of Saint Gertrude". The best known of his treatises is the "Alloquia Jesu Christi ad animam fidelem", which has been translated into Spanish, Italian, French and English. The English translation, done by Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, who died in the Tower of London under Elizabeth I, has reached its fourth edition (London, 1867). A new and revised edition of all the works of Lanspergius in Latin has been issued by the Carthusian press of Notre-Dame-des-Prés (Tournai, 1890), in five quarto volumes. The same press has published separately the treatise "Pharetra Divini Amoris" (18mo., 1892) and a French version of the "Alloquia", untitled "Entretiens de Jésus Christ avec l'âme fidèle" (18mo, 1896).

John Justus of Landsberg (1489 – 10 August 1539) was a German Carthusian monk and ascetical writer. His family name was Gerecht, of which "Justus" is merely a Latin translation. The appellation, however, by which he is generally known is that of Lanspergius (latinization 'of Landsberg'), from his birthplace.

Johannes Justus von Landsberg (eigentlich Johannes Gerecht, meist Lanspergius genannt) OCart (* um 1490 in Landsberg am Lech; † 10. August 1539 in Köln) war ein deutscher Kartäusermönch, der mit seinen Schriften eine herausragende Bedeutung in der Herz-Jesu-Frömmigkeit und -Theologie besitzt.


Biography.

Born in a working-class family of Spanish, African, and Chinese heritage, Sarduy was the top student in his high school, in Camagüey, and in 1956 moved to Havana, where he began a study of medicine. With the triumph of the Cuban revolution he collaborated with the "Diario libre" and "Lunes de revolución", pro-Marxist papers. In 1960 he traveled to Paris to study at the Ecole du Louvre. There he was connected to the group of intellectuals who produced the magazine "Tel Quel", particularly to philosopher François Wahl, with whom he was openly involved  Sarduy worked as a reader for "Editions du Seuil" and as editor and producer of the "Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française". Sarduy decided not to return to Cuba when his scholarship ran out a year later. Disaffected with Castro’s regime and fearful of its persecution of homosexuals and the censorship imposed on writers, Sarduy never went home.  In 1972 his novel "Cobra" won him the Medici Prize. He was among the most brilliant essayists writing in Spanish and "a powerful baroque narrator, full of surprising resources." As a poet, he was considered one of the greatest of his time. He was also a more or less secret painter; a major retrospective of his work was held at the Reina Sofía Museum of Madrid after his death.  He died due to complications from AIDS just after finishing his autobiographical work "Pájaros de la playa" (translated as "Beach Birds" by Suzanne Jill Levine and Carol Maier). To this day, his writings are difficult to access for a Cuban audience, whereas his books are available to the French and international public.

Severo Sarduy (25 February 1937, Camagüey, Cuba – 8 June 1993, Paris) was a Cuban poet, author, playwright, and critic of Cuban literature and art. Some of his works deal explicitly with male homosexuality and transvestism.

Severo Sarduy (* 25. Februar 1937 in Camagüey, Kuba; † 8. Juni 1993 in Paris, Frankreich) war ein kubanischer Poet, Dramaturg und Kritiker der kubanischen Kunst und Literatur.


Entertainment.

It was also the venue for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2010, which took place on 20 November 2010.  Shakira performed to a sold out crowd during her The Sun Comes Out World Tour on 19 May 2011.  Jennifer Lopez performed to a sold out crowd during her Dance Again World Tour on 25 September 2012.  Armin Van Buuren performed in the facility on 7 March 2013 as part of a celebration to commemorate 600 episodes of A State of Trance.  Depeche Mode performed at the stadium on 29 July 2013 and on 28 February 2014 during their Delta Machine Tour, in front of a total sold out crowd of 24,523 people. They will perform again for their Global Spirit Tour.  The French singer Mylène Farmer performed on 27 October 2013.  On 18 March 2018, it was confirmed as the host venue for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 which was held on 25 November. This was the second time the venue hosted the contest.  World renowned comedian Rolilney Biong performed to a small crowd here on 19 October 2019 during his European Tour.

Sports.

One of the primary uses of the facility is ice hockey, as the building is the home rink of HC Dinamo Minsk of the Kontinental Hockey League. The arena's official opening was held on 30 January 2010 when the 2nd Kontinental Hockey League All-Star Game was held there. The first match in the facility, however, had already been played by Dinamo Minsk on 14 January 2010 against Metallurg Magnitogorsk. Two more KHL regular-season games were scheduled in January before the official opening: against Avtomobilist on 16 January and against Traktor on 18 January.  It was one of two main venues for the 2014 IIHF World Championship.  The Belarusian Bandy Federation is working towards creating a professional team that would play in the Russian Bandy Super League, with home matches in Minsk-Arena. Minsk was a candidate for a while to host the 2015 Bandy World Championship. For a while there were also speculations about the 2018 Bandy World Championship.  In January 2016, the 2016 European Speed Skating Championships were held. In January 2016, hosted the tournament eSports Starladder i-League Season 13, Discipline such as Dota 2 and. The prize fund of the season is $500,000 US Dollars.

Minsk Arena (), known locally as the Botvinik Arena, (, ) is the main indoor arena in Minsk, Belarus. Along the main arena, the Minsk-Arena complex includes four venues which are the arena itself (hosting 15,000 spectators), a cycling track (hosting 2,000 spectators), a skating stadium (3,000 spectators) and a multilevel parking structure.

Die Minsk-Arena (, ) ist eine Multifunktionsarena in der weißrussischen Hauptstadt Minsk. Die Minsk-Arena bietet 15.086 Zuschauerplätze und ist Teil eines Sportkomplexes zu dem ein überdachtes Velodrom und eine Eisschnelllaufhalle gehören. Die Minsk-Arena ist seit 2010 Austragungsort der Heimspiele des HK Dinamo Minsk aus der Kontinentalen Hockey-Liga sowie der Basketballmannschaft von Zmoki Minsk aus der weißrussischen Basketball-Premier-Liga seit 2012.


Biography.

Urquhart was born to an old landholding family in Cromarty in northern Scotland. At the age of eleven he attended King's College, University of Aberdeen. Afterwards he toured the Continent, returning in 1636. In 1639, he participated in the Royalist uprising known as the Trot of Turriff; he was knighted by Charles I at Whitehall for his support. In 1641 he published his first book, a volume of epigrams.  Urquhart's father died in 1642, leaving behind a large estate encumbered by larger debts. As the eldest son, Urquhart was from that time on harassed by creditors. He left for the Continent in order to economize, but returned in 1645 and published "Trissotetras", a mathematical treatise.  In 1648, Urquhart participated in the Royalist uprising at Inverness. He was declared a traitor by Parliament, though he doesn't seem to have suffered any other consequences. Two years later he marched with Charles II and fought in the Battle of Worcester. The Royalist forces were decisively defeated and Urquhart was taken prisoner. He lost all his manuscripts, which he had brought with him for safekeeping, and he had to forfeit all his property. He was held first at the Tower of London and later at Windsor, but he was given considerable freedom by his captors. The following year he published "Pantochronachanon", a work of genealogy, and "The Jewel", a defense of Scotland. In 1652, he was paroled by Cromwell and returned to Cromarty. Soon after he published "Logopandecteision", his plan for a universal language, and his most celebrated work, his translation of Rabelais.  Urquhart returned to the Continent some time after 1653, perhaps as a condition of his release by Cromwell. Little is known of his life after this time. He died no later than 1660, because in that year his younger brother took up his hereditary titles.  There is a legend that Urquhart died in a fit of laughter on receiving news of the Restoration of Charles II.

Style.

Urquhart's prose style is unique. His sentences are long and elaborate and his love of the odd and recondite word seems boundless. At its worst his style can descend into almost unintelligible pretension and pedantry ("a pedantry which is gigantesque and almost incredible", in the words of George Saintsbury), but at its best it can be rich, rapid and vivid, with arresting and original imagery. He coined words constantly, although none of Urquhart's coinages have fared as well as those of his contemporary Browne.

Posthumous appearances.

Urquhart appears as the protagonist of Alasdair Gray's short story "Sir Thomas's Logopandocy" (included in "Unlikely Stories, Mostly"), the title taken from Urquhart's "Logopandecteision" and some of the material pastiching "The Jewel (Ekskybalauron)". Urquhart appears in the illustrations throughout "Unlikely Stories".  Urquhart appears as a major character in the novel "A Hand-book of Volapük" by Andrew Drummond. Urquhart's language proposal "The Jewel" as well as Volapük, Esperanto, and other constructed languages are prominent plot devices in the novel.  One of the characters in Robertson Davies' Cornish Trilogy claims to be a descendant of Urquhart.

Sir Thomas Urquhart (1611–1660) was a Scottish aristocrat, writer, and translator. He is best known for his translation of the works of French Renaissance writer François Rabelais to English.

Sir Thomas Urquhart (* 1611; † 1660) war ein schottischer Dichter und Übersetzer. Er übersetzte Rabelais ins Englische. Urquhart starb angeblich im Zuge eines Lachanfalls, den er erlitten haben soll, als man ihm von der Machtübernahme Karl II. berichtet hatte.


Early life and education.

Teuteberg was born Linda Merschin on 22 April 1981 in Königs Wusterhausen, East Germany and grew up in Görsdorf bei Storkow, Storkow, Brandenburg as the daughter of a teacher and an engineer. She graduated from the Katholischen Gymnasium Bernhardinum in Fürstenwalde and, on a scholarship from the Studienstiftung, studied jurisprudence and economics at the University of Potsdam.

Political career.

Teuteberg joined the Young Liberals in 1998 and became a member of FDP in 2000.

Career in state politics.

Teuteberg was elected to the Landtag of Brandenburg on 27 September 2009 on the state list and was supported by Hans-Dietrich Genscher. Teuteberg served for five years. She participated in the 2012 German presidential election on 18 March 2012.  During her time in the state parliament, Teuteberg served on the Committee on Legal Affairs, the Committee on the Election of Judges and the Enquete Commission on the "consequences of the SED dictatorship and the transition to a democratic constitutional state in the Land of Brandenburg", and was alao a deputy member of the budget, finance, economy, European affairs and development policy committees. She was also her parliamentary group's spokesperson for legal and media affairs. She did not seek re-election in 2014.  From 2014 until 2017, Teuteberg worked at the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Member of the German Bundestag, 2017–present.

In an internal vote in November 2016, Teuteberg defeated with 57% of votes to become the FDP lead candidate () in Brandenburg for the 2017 German federal election. The FDP won 7.1% of the second votes (9.2% in Teuteberg's constituency) in Brandenburg. Teuteberg won 7.5% of the first votes.  Since September 2017, Teuteberg has been a member of the German Bundestag, where she serves on the Committee on Internal Affairs. She is also her parliamentary group's spokesperson on migration policy.

Political positions.

On the state level, the focus of Teuteberg's political work was the processing of the SED dictatorship and the reparation of the injustice caused in the GDR and the advocacy of a liberal economic policy. Teuteberg opposes the fact that municipal enterprises can compete with private companies and operate economically. Teuteberg campaigned for the University of Potsdam, which was to lose its law school according to plans of the Brandenburg state government. Finally, she is committed to reducing the voting age to 16 years.

Personal life.

Teuteberg is married to Björn Teuteberg. She is a member of the Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia.

Linda Teuteberg (née Merschin; born 22 April 1981) is a German lawyer and politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Serving as a member of the Bundestag since 2017, she was elected as the Secretary General of the FDP on 26 April 2019 and thereby became part of the party's leadership around chairman Christian Lindner.

Linda Teuteberg (* 22. April 1981 als Linda Merschin in Königs Wusterhausen) ist eine deutsche Rechtsanwältin und Politikerin (FDP). Seit 2017 ist sie Mitglied des Deutschen Bundestages, Obfrau der FDP-Fraktion im Innenausschuss sowie deren migrationspolitische Sprecherin. Zuvor gehörte Teuteberg von 2009 bis 2014 als Abgeordnete dem Landtag Brandenburg an. Sie ist seit 2011 gewähltes Mitglied im FDP-Bundesvorstand und seit dem 26. April 2019 FDP-Generalsekretärin. Zudem ist sie seit dem 30. November 2019 Vorsitzende der FDP Brandenburg.


Career.

Berliner had his first television experience at age seven with his sister Eve on "The Children's Hour" on NBC. He was the guitarist for Harry Belafonte in the early to mid-1960s, appearing on many of Belafonte's recordings and playing in venues around the world. At the Metropolitan Opera house in Manhattan he was house guitarist and mandolinist, toured Japan as a banjo soloist, performed at The White House, and at the Metropolitan Opera with Barbara Cook, Audra McDonald, Josh Groban, and Elaine Stritch, which was recorded live for DRG Records. His solo albums include "Bananas Are Not Created Equal", "Romantic Guitars", "Erotic Guitars", three classical albums for Nippon-Columbia, and three classical albums for Spanish Music Center Records. He can be heard on "Romantic Sea of Tranquility" under the pseudonym "Chris Valentino."  Berliner began playing as a studio musician in the early 1960s. Since then he has made more than 13,000 recording sessions for records, commercials and films. He has played on albums by Charles Mingus (including "The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady") and Ron Carter, George Benson's "White Rabbit," Stephane Grappeli's "Uptown Dance," Deodato's "Also Sprach Zarathustra", and Milt Jackson's "Sunflower". He recorded with singers Andrea Bocelli, Debby Boone, Kristin Chenoweth, Perry Como, Harry Connick Jr., Sammy Davis Jr., Blossom Dearie, Sergio Franchi, Astrud Gilberto, Rupert Holmes, Bernadette Peters, Frank Sinatra, Jerry Vale, Frankie Valli, and Russell Watson.  He played on Van Morrison's 1968 album "Astral Weeks". In November 2008 he joined Morrison to play "Astral Weeks" in its entirety at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, California. A vinyl LP and CD from these concerts entitled "Astral Weeks Live at the Hollywood Bowl" were released in February 2009.  Berliner is an original member of Rob Fisher's Coffee Club Orchestra on Garrison Keillor's "American Radio Company" and later at City Center's Encores series. He is also an original member of the Guys All-Star Shoe Band on Garrison Keillor's "A Prairie Home Companion". He has performed in concert with William Warfield and Earl Wild at the Lewisohn Stadium, at Town Hall with Andrea Velis, and with Charles Bressler, playing the American premier performance of songs for tenor and guitar by William Walton and Benjamin Britten. In 2009, he played banjo, mandolin, and baritone ukulele onstage in the Broadway show "Chicago" at the Ambassador Theatre.

Awards.

Berliner has won seven NARAS Most Valuable Player awards as well as the NARAS MVP Virtuoso Award in 1986.

Discography.

As sideman.

With Harry Belafonte  With George Benson  With Don Byron  With James Carter  With Ron Carter  With Blossom Dearie  With Eumir Deodato  With Paul Desmond  With Lou Donaldson  With Gil Evans  With Solomon Ilori  With Jackie and Roy  With Milt Jackson  With Herbie Mann  With Bette Midler  With Charles Mingus  With Airto Moreira  With Van Morrison  With Laura Nyro  With Bernard Purdie  With Marlena Shaw  With Buddy Terry

Jay Berliner (born May 24, 1940 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American guitarist who has worked with Van Morrison.

Jay Berliner (* 24. Mai 1940 in Brooklyn, New York City) ist ein US-amerikanischer Gitarrist der Klassischen Musik, der auch in der gehobenen Unterhaltungsmusik und im Modern Jazz in Erscheinung getreten ist. Er spielt auch Mandoline, Ukulele und Banjo.


Overview.

A stope can be created in a variety of ways. The specific method of stoping depends on a number of considerations, both technical and economical, based largely on the geology of the ore body being mined. These include the incline of the deposit (whether it is flat, tilted or vertical), the width of the deposit, the grade of the ore, the hardness and strength of the surrounding rock, and the cost of materials for supports.  It is common to dig shafts vertically downwards to reach the ore body and then drive horizontal levels through it. Stoping then takes place from these levels.  When the ore body is more or less horizontal, various forms of room and pillar stoping, cut and fill, or longwall mining can take place. In steeply-dipping ore bodies, such as lodes of tin, the stopes become long narrow near-vertical spaces, which, if one reaches the surface is known as a gunnis or coffen. A common method of mining such vertical ore bodies is stull stoping, see below.

Open-stope systems.

Open stoping is generally divided into two basic forms based on direction: overhand and underhand stoping, which refer to the removal of ore from above or below the level, respectively. It is also possible to combine the two in a single operation.

Underhand stoping.

Underhand stoping, also known as horizontal-cut underhand or underbreaking stoping, is the working of an ore deposit from the top downwards. Like shrinkage stoping, underhand stoping is most suitable for steeply dipping ore bodies. Because of the mechanical advantage it offers hand tools being struck downward (rather than upward, against gravity), this method was dominant prior to the invention of rock blasting and powered tools.

Overhand stoping.

In overhand stoping, the deposit is worked from the bottom upward, the reverse of underhand stoping. With the advent of rock blasting and power drills, it became the predominant direction of stoping.

Combined stoping.

In combined stoping, the deposit is simultaneously worked from the bottom upward and the top downward, combining the techniques of overhand and underhand stoping into a single approach.

Breast stoping.

Breast stoping is a method used in horizontal or near-horizontal ore bodies, where gravity is not usable to move the ore around. Breast stoping lacks the characteristic "steps" of either underhand or overhand stoping, being mined in a singular cut. Room and pillar is a type of breast stoping.

Timbered-stope systems.

Stull stoping.

Stull stoping is a form of stoping used in hardrock mining that uses systematic or random timbering ("stulls") placed between the foot and hanging wall of the vein. The method requires that the hanging wall and often the footwall be of competent rock as the stulls provide the only artificial support. This type of stope has been used up to a depth of 3,500 feet (1,077 m) and at intervals up to 12 feet (3.7 m) wide. The 1893 mining disaster at Dolcoath mine in Cornwall was caused by failure of the stulls holding up a huge weight of waste rock.

Square-set stoping.

Square-set stoping is a method relying on square-set timbering. Square set timbers are set into place as support and are then filled with cement. The cement commonly uses fine tailings. This is a highly specialized method of stoping requiring expert input. Square set was invented in the Comstock Lode, Virginia City, Nevada in the 1860s, and they utilized the waste rock to fill the stopes.

Shrinkage stoping.

Shrinkage stoping, is most suitable for steeply dipping ore bodies (70°—90°). In shrinkage stoping, mining proceeds from the bottom upwards, in horizontal slices (similar to cut and fill mining), with the broken ore being left in place for miners to work from. Because blasted rock takes up a greater volume than in situ rock (due to swell factor), some of the blasted ore (approximately 40%) must be removed to provide working space for the next ore slice. Once the top of the stope is reached all the ore is removed from the stope. The stope may be backfilled or left empty, depending on the rock conditions.

Long hole stoping.

Long hole stoping as the name suggests uses holes drilled by a production drill to a predetermined pattern as designed by a mining engineer. Long hole stoping is a highly selective and productive method of mining and can cater for varying ore thicknesses and dips (0 - 90 degree). It differs from manual methods such as timbered and shrinkage as once the stope has begun blasting phase it cannot be accessed by personnel. For this reason the blasted rock is designed to fall into a supported drawpoint or removed with remote control LHD (load, haul, dump machine).  The biggest limitation with this method is the length of holes that can be accurately drilled by the production drill, larger diameter holes using in the hole hammer drills can be accurate to over 100 m in length while floating boom top hammer rigs are limited to ~30 m.

Slot - initial void.

Holes drilled underground are generally drilled perpendicular, in a radial pattern around the drive. For the blastholes to successfully extract the ore material they must be able to fire into a void in front. A slot is required in every stope to provide the initial void. The slot is often the most difficult, costly and highest risk component of mining a stope. Depending on the shape, height and other factors, different methods to create a slot can be used such as:

Stoping is the process of extracting the desired ore or other mineral from an underground mine, leaving behind an open space known as a stope. Stoping is used when the country rock is sufficiently strong not to collapse into the stope, although in most cases artificial support is also provided.

Der Firstenbau ist eine Abbaumethode, die im Bergbau bei steil nach oben gerichteten Lagerstätten angewendet wird. Der Firstenbau ist für steil stehende Steinkohlenflöze und Gangerzlagerstätten eine wichtige Abbaumethode. Der Firstenbau wird so bezeichnet, weil bei dieser Abbaumethode der Abbau von der Firste der Grundstrecke ausgehend nach oben vorrückt. Er zählt zu den Abbauverfahren mit Versatz.


Boundaries.

The western boundary of the strait is delineated by a line running between North Cape, Prince Edward Island and Point Escuminac, New Brunswick while the eastern boundary is delineated by a line running between East Point, Prince Edward Island and Inverness, Nova Scotia.

Hydrography.

The Northumberland Strait varies in depth between 17 and 65 metres, with the deepest waters at either end. The tidal patterns are complex; the eastern end has the usual two tides per day, with a tidal range of 1.2 to 1.8 metres, while the western end effectively has only one tide per day.  The strait's shallow depths lend to warm water temperatures in summer months, with some areas reaching 25°C, or 77°F. Consequently, the strait is reportedly home to the warmest ocean water temperatures in Canada, and some of the warmest ocean water temperatures on the Atlantic coast north of Virginia.  There are many sandy beaches along both the northern and southern coasts of the strait. These beaches, found in New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia, are very popular with tourists.  During the winter months between December and April, sea ice covers the entire strait and Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Geomorphology.

While the western shores of Cape Breton Island and northeastern shores of the Nova Scotia peninsula are dominated by granite, sedimentary rocks along the central and western parts of the strait, as well as the entire south shore of Prince Edward Island, consist of sandstone, lending to beautiful sandy beaches with minimal coastal development. The largest island in the strait is Pictou Island.

Settlements.

Major communities on the strait include the cities of Charlottetown and Summerside, Prince Edward Island as well as the towns of Souris, Prince Edward Island, Pictou, Nova Scotia, and Shediac, New Brunswick.

Transportation.

Shipping.

The Northumberland Strait is a minor shipping route, with ports such as Pugwash shipping salt, Summerside, Charlottetown, Georgetown and Souris shipping agricultural products and receiving petroleum and aggregate, and Pictou shipping forestry products and general cargo. Shipping has declined in recent decades with the decline of rail service to ports and the increased capacity of highways to larger ports outside of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which freezes in the winter.  Cruise ships regularly visit Charlottetown during summer and fall, and since 2012 a few smaller cruise ships have been visiting Pictou, NS.

Confederation Bridge.

The narrowest part of the strait, the 13-kilometre (7–nautical mile) wide Abegweit Passage in the western part of the strait between Borden-Carleton, Prince Edward Island and Cape Jourimain, New Brunswick, is now spanned by the Confederation Bridge.

Ferries.

The strait hosts three seasonal ferry services:  All three ferry services are located in the eastern end of the strait and operate during the ice-free months from May - December.  There was a year-round ferry service that operated in the central/western part of the strait across Abegweit Passage between Port Borden, Prince Edward Island and Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick. This service operated from October 1917 until May 1997. Owned by the Government of Canada, it was one of Canada's busiest ferry services and was operated by various federal Crown corporations (Canadian National Railways, CN Marine, Marine Atlantic). The ferry service was replaced by the Confederation Bridge when it opened on 31 May 1997.  Maritime Electric supplies electricity to customers in Prince Edward Island. Although the utility does have some electrical generation facilities, since the mid-1970s the majority of Prince Edward Island's electricity has been purchased from NB Power and supplied via an interprovincial electrical interconnection. This interconnection consists of two 138 kilovolt oil-filled submarine transmission cables installed 1975-78 under the Northumberland Strait at the western end of the Abegweit Passage between Murray Corner, New Brunswick and Fernwood, Prince Edward Island. Since the Northumberland Strait freezes in winter, the cables are designed to be protected from ice scouring and were copied from a Swedish design that was originally used to supply the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea.

Undersea cables.

Pictou Island, in Nova Scotia receives no electricity from that province's utility, Nova Scotia Power. Residents must generate their own electricity from off-grid sources.  Bell Aliant has two fibre optic telecommunications cables spanning Northumberland Strait to serve Prince Edward Island. The first is a submarine cable running from Caribou, Nova Scotia to Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island. The other runs through the Confederation Bridge; this cable replaced a submarine cable that used to run from Borden-Carleton, Prince Edward Island to Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick.  Eastlink has a fibre optic telecommunications cable connecting Gaspereau, Prince Edward Island with Port Hood, Nova Scotia.

Swim crossings.

Swim-related details about crossings, tides, currents, marine life, and navigation can be found at OpenWaterPedia's Northumberland Strait page.  There have been several documented unassisted swim crossings of the strait, although there is no official body to verify these claims. All documented single and double crossings except one have been at the western end of the strait across the Abegweit Passage.  The first documented single crossing of Abegweit Passage (approximately ) with assistance was made by Evelyn Henry of Keppoch, PEI on July 15, 1951 when she swam from Cape Tormentine, NB to Borden, PEI in 8 hours, 47 minutes.  There have been two documented single-day double crossings of Abegweit Passage (approximately ) with assistance to date:  The first, and to date only, documented single crossing with assistance across the eastern end of the strait (approximately was made by Jill Leon of Charlottetown, PEI on July 31, 2013 when she swam from Caribou, NS to Wood Islands, PEI in 9 hours, 48 minutes.

Cultural significance.

The strait is famous in folklore circles for regular sightings of the Ghost Ship of Northumberland Strait, a flaming vessel which appears in the middle of the strait. The strait is also notable for the ice boats, small oared boats which made regular dangerous crossings of the strait in winter carrying mail and passengers before the era of ice breaking ferries.

The Northumberland Strait (French: "détroit de Northumberland") is a strait in the southern part of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in eastern Canada. The strait is formed by Prince Edward Island and the gulf's eastern, southern, and western shores.

Die Northumberlandstraße () ist eine Meerenge zwischen New Brunswick und Nova Scotia sowie der Provinz Prince Edward Island und Teil des Sankt-Lorenz-Golfs im Osten Kanadas. Die Westgrenze der Meerenge beginnt am North Cape auf Prinz Edward Island und endet am Point Escuminac in New Brunswick. Seine Ostgrenze wird durch die Linie zwischen East Point auf Prince Edward Island und Chéticamp in Nova Scotia festgelegt.


Biography.

Del Monte was born in Pesaro. His father, Ranieri, was from a leading wealthy family in Urbino. Ranieri was noted for his role as a soldier and also as the author of two books on military architecture. The Duke of Urbino, Duke Guidobaldo II, honoured him with the title Marchese del Monte so the family had only become a noble one in the generation before Guidobaldo. On the death of his father Guidobaldo inherited the title of Marchese.  Guidobaldo studied mathematics at the University of Padua in 1564. While there he became a friend of the great Italian poet Torquato Tasso. In fact Guidobaldo may have known Tasso before they studied at Padua together, for Tasso was almost exactly the same age as Guidobaldo and had been educated at the court of the Duke of Urbino, with the duke's son, from 1556.  Guidobaldo then served as a soldier in the ensuing conflict in Hungary between the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire. After serving in the army, Guidobaldo returned to his estate of (Monte Baroccio) Mombaroccio in the Marche, where he was able to spend his time doing research into mathematics, mechanics, astronomy and optics. He studied mathematics under Federico Commandino during this period and became one of his most staunch disciples. He also became a friend of Bernardino Baldi, who was also a student of Commandino around the same time.  He corresponded with several mathematicians including Giacomo Contarini, Francesco Barozzi and Galileo Galilei. His invention of a drafting instrument for constructing regular polygons and dividing a line into any number of segments was incorporated as a feature of Galileo's geometric and military compass.  Guidobaldo was also important in helping Galileo Galilei in his academic career. Galileo, then a promising, but unemployed 26-year-old, had written an essay on hydrostatic balance, which struck Guidobaldo as being nothing short of genius. He then commended Galileo to his brother, the Cardinal Del Monte, who referred him to the powerful Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinando I de' Medici. Under his patronage, Galileo got an indication to a professorship of mathematics at the University of Pisa, in 1589. Guidobaldo became a staunch friend of Galileo and helped him again in 1592, when he had to apply to the chair of mathematics at the University of Padua, due to the hatred and machinations of Giovanni de' Medici, a son of Cosimo I de' Medici, against Galileo. Notwithstanding their friendship, Guidobaldo was a critic of Galileo's principle of the isochronicity of the pendulum, a major discovery which Guidobaldo thought was impossible.  Guidobaldo wrote an influential book about perspective, titled "Perspectivae Libri VI", published at Pesaro in 1600. Several painters, architects and the theater stage designer Nicola Sabbatini used this geometrical knowledge in their works.  He died at Mombaroccio in 1607.

Guidobaldo del Monte (11 January 1545 – 6 January 1607, var. Guidobaldi or Guido Baldi), Marquis del Monte, was an Italian mathematician, philosopher and astronomer of the 16th century.

Guidobaldo del Monte, auch Guidobaldo dal Monte (* 11. Januar 1545 in Pesaro; † 6. Januar 1607 in Mombaroccio), war ein italienischer Mathematiker, Philosoph und Astronom der Renaissance.


Etymology.

Al Qassim is derived from the word "Qassimah" (), a reference to قصائم الغضا, meaning the region's sand dunes from which the white saxaul trees grow. The region is known to contain a large group of Calligonum plants such as comosum (locally known as "arta").

Location.

The province is located in the center of Saudi Arabia approximately northwest of Riyadh, the capital. It is bordered by Riyadh Region to the south and east, by Ha'il Region to the north, and by Al Madinah Region to the west. The region is connected to almost every part of Saudi Arabia by a very complicated network of highways. The regional airport, Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Regional Airport, connects Al Qassim (Gassim) to the other provinces of the country.

History.

Pre-Islamic Arabia.

There isn't much information known about Al Qassim the province in the times of Pre-Islamic Arabia. Unaizah was repeatedly mentioned as a desert watering hole in the poems of Imru Al Qais (the famous Arabian poet). Moreover, AlJiwa, which is about 60 km north of Unaizah, was mentioned by the heroic Absi poet Antarah bin Shaddad.

The Abbasid Empire.

Al Qassim Province had some important foyers on the road of pilgrims and traders coming from the east (mainly Persia and Iraq) in the era of the Abbasid Empire.  The Zubeida road was a long pilgrims road that started from the city of Kufa in Iraq and ran to Mecca in Arabia. The road was constructed in the reign of Harun Al Rashid and was named after his wife Zubeida. It had pilgrims foyers in many of the region's cities including Unaizah.

Tribal conflict (1600s–1907).

The Al Abu Olayan - dynasty from the Banu Tamim tribe established the emirate of Buraydah in the late 16th century by its leader, Rashid Al Duraiby. He built Buraydah and made it the province's capital. However, Unaizah was ruled by Al Sulaim dynasty. The emirate was later captured by Muhanna Salih Abaalkhail. In 1890, the Rashidi dynasty based in Ha'il annexed the province. In 1904, the Abaalkhail recaptured the province. In 1907, the province was integrated under the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia.

The province is Saudi Arabia's most conservative region. It is the heart of the Najd region and the centre of the Salafi movement. The province is regarded as one of the key support bases of the Al Saud family, along with Al Riyadh Province, Ha'il province and Al Jawf province. This province has also contributed many notable Salafi ulema and sheikhs.

Population.

Also, the accent used by those native to Alqassim are known to have a distinctive accent like all other provinces in Saudi Arabia, and it is called the qassimi accent or "Al-Qassimyah".

Geography.

Al Qassim province is divided by the Wadi Al-Rummah (Rummah Valley). The valley crosses the entire region from the west to the northeast. It is the longest valley in the whole Arabian peninsula, it stretches for about from near Medina, to the Thuayrat Dunes in the east, and northeast of the region. The land's height in Qassim is about 600–750 meters above sea level, and it glides from west to east in general.

Climate.

Al Qassim region has a typical desert climate, known for its cool, rainy winters and for its hot, less humid summers.

Agriculture.

Al-Qassim region hosts more than Eight million Palm Trees, making it one of the Middle East largest producers of dates, producing an annual amount of 205 thousand tons of various types of luxury dates, which gives the region a high economic value by exporting large amounts of dates nationally and internationally, especially in the GCC region. Multi cities in the region market their dates production with dates festivals that mostly start in September, although Buraydah (the capital of the province) hosts one of the largest festivals in the region, at which a lot of people come from all over the GCC countries to buy their yearly requirement of dates.  Along with tourism, agriculture is still the cornerstone of the region's economy. Although the region has been known for its agricultural assets for a long time, it wasn't until recently that wheat production has been introduced to the local agricultural industry, making Saudi Arabia a net exporter of cereal. The region also produces dates, grapes, lemons, grapefruits, mandarin oranges, oranges, pomegranates, and a large group of vegetables. The region also hosts one of the biggest camel market in the world, due to its central location, surrounded by Aldahna and alnfound deserts.  Agriculture in general is considered to be a very important part of the region's natives culture, with special vegetables being linked to every city, for example eating leeks (kurrat) is associated with the people of Unaizah, while adding chili peppers to meals is associated with the people of the city of Rass.

Transportation.

Rail Transport.

The North South Railway Line is a 2,750 kilometres (1,709 mi) railway line, built by Saudi Railway Company (SAR) in Saudi Arabia. Operation on 1,392 kilometres (865 mi) long Connecting Al Jawf Region, Northern Borders Region, Ha'il Region, Al-Qassim Region, Riyadh Region.  Al Qassim Railway Station located at East Buraydah 10 km at King Fahad Road.  Station facilities : ATM, Business Lounge, Baggage trolleys, Cafes, Customer Service, Lost property, Mosque, Prayer room, Restaurants, Seated area, Shops, Car parking, Baby change, Toilets and Wi-Fi.  Timetable : 9 July – 23 September 2017  Riyadh to Qassim (Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Fri) from 10:00 To 12:26 passing Majmaah Station. Riyadh to Qassim (Thu, Sat) from 17:30 To 20:00 passing Majmaah Station.  Qassim to Riyadh (Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Fri) from 17:45 To 20:16 passing Majmaah Station. Qassim to Riyadh (Thu, Sat) from 21:00 To 23:26 passing Majmaah Station.

Education.

Schools.

The region is served by schools in every city and town for all three educational levels (primary, intermediate, and secondary), and includes various types of school (public, private, Koranic, international), with international and private schools.  The region has 263,379 Female and Male Students, 33,061 Female & Male Teachers and 2,533 Schools.

Universities.

Qassim University, which is located in Almulida area, West of Buraidah, North West of Unaizah and Almuthnab, North East of Ar Rass, Al Badayea, Al Bukayriyah, Al Khabra and Riyadh Al Khabra.Qassim University was established in 2004 by merging two Qassim branches of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University and King Saud University. Since the establishment of the university, it has experienced a remarkable growth in enrollment and a significant expansion of faculty and its administrative staff. The number of male and female students registered at university during 2010-11 approached 50,000 and number of faculty members and staff reached well over 4,000, At present the university encompasses 28 colleges both for male and female students.  Qassim University (QU) appeared in the QS World University Rankings for the first time in 2011. According to the QS report, it has shown excellent potential for strengthening its position by harnessing its core strengths in teaching and Research. QU has published Research papers with institutions ranked in top 100 of the 2011 rankings. QU has also shown initiative in arranging International Seminars in order to develop relations with global academic peers. Qassim Universities has very competitive colleges that are spread at the main campus (Almulida) and campuses at Al-Qassim's main cities.  In November 2015, AACSB has announced that Qassim University has earned accreditation for its College of Business and Economics (CBE), which is according to the new standards of AACSB, Innovation, Engagement and Impact. AACSB stands for Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. It was founded in 1916 and it is the longest serving global accrediting body for business schools that offer undergraduate, master's, and doctorate degrees in business and accounting. AACSB Accreditation is the hallmark of excellence in business education, and has been earned by less than five percent of the world's business programs.

Main Campus (Al Mulida).

- Applied Science:  - Health Science:  - Arabic & Humanitarian  - Judiciary

Sport activities at Al-Qassim University.

Al-Qassim Universities hosts many sport activities and sport teams that compete at the national level in Saudi Arabia and in the GCC region. The football team has won the national universities competition 2 years in a row, 2014 and 2015. The university sports teams includes volleyball, swimming, athletics and many more.

Technical and Vocational Training Corporation.

<br>

Cities.

There are also other nearby rural towns including Dulay Rasheed, Almethnab, Al-Bukairiyah, Badaya'a, Riyadh Al-Khabra, Al-Khabra, and Nabhaniya.

Health care.

Al-Qassim has many hospitals in the region that provide medical services to citizens and visitors to the region, hospitals are under the management of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Defense, and also includes many privately managed hospitals:

Sports.

Tourism.

According to the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH), Al-Qassim has been recognized as the number one province in the Kingdom in organizing festivals and events, with an annual number of 173 events in 2014. Al-Qassim Province is rich in heritage, nature, and traditional handicrafts, and its geographical location makes it the hub of diverse cultures and various festivals. Each season in Qassim has a certain festival and a specific occasion that highlights the prominent features of that season. During summer vacation, for nearly a month, various events and festivals are organized in Qassim and its governorates and are held in the markets, museums, public parks, and other locations as per the nature of the event. Such festivals are popular with the entire community, and are attended by women, men and children. The most famous events hosted in Qassim are the Buraidah Recreational Festival, Unaizah Tourism Festival, and the Al-Mithnib Summer Festival.  In addition, date festivals are held in Qassim to highlight that the Province is distinguished for its farms and dates. Shopping at the Qassim date market is a unique experience, especially during the harvest season during August and September. Al-Qassim's desert parks become more favorable during the winter and spring seasons, attracting desert lovers as well as the locals and visitors who seek rejuvenation and enjoyment in the open spaces and natural environment. These parks host the spring festivals that are usually organized during the mid-year vacation periods. The festival feature multiple activities and events that highlight the festival's nature and location.  In Al-Qassim, a number of festivals are organized in various places during different periods to recognize the city's heritage. The most prominent festivals include Al-Khelija and Traditional Products Festival in Buraidah, Entajee Festival in Unaizah, Al-Musawkaf Traditional Festival in Unaizah, Eid Al-Khabra Festival, Reef Al-Awshaziyah Festival, and Al-Russ Heritage Festival.  The region hosts many hotels, apartments and resorts for its year around visitors, such as the Mövenpick Hotel in Buraidah, Golden Tulip in Buraidah and Unaizah, Radisson blue in Unaizah, Boudl Resort and Apartments in Unaizah, and the Ramada Hotel in Al-Bukairiyah. Although variety of resorts and chalets and farm are offered such as Al-Malfa Rural Resorts in Unaizah.

Al-Qassim Region ( "", ), also spelled "Qassim", "Al-Qaseem", "Al-Qasim", or "Gassim" internationally, is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. Located at the heart of the country, and almost in the center of the Arabian Peninsula, it has a population of 1,370,727 and an area of 58,046 km2. It is known to be the "alimental basket" of the country, for its agricultural assets.

al-Qasim, auch "al-Qaseem" oder "al-Qassim" (, ), ist eine Provinz von Saudi-Arabien. Die 58.046 km2 große Provinz hat etwa 1,4 Millionen Einwohner und liegt in der Mitte der arabischen Halbinsel. Die Provinz gilt als ein wichtiges landwirtschaftliches Gebiet innerhalb Saudi-Arabiens. In al-Qasim liegen mehr als 400 Orte und Städte, wobei in der Hauptstadt Buraida fast die Hälfte aller Einwohner der Provinz leben.


Implementations.

The command has been implemented in operating systems such as Unix, DOS, IBM OS/2, MetaComCo TRIPOS, AmigaOS (where if a bare path is given, cd is "implied"), Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, and Linux. On MS-DOS, it is available in versions 2 and later. DR DOS 6.0 also includes an implementation of the and commands. The command is also available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox and in the EFI shell. It is named in HP MPE/iX. The command is analogous to the Stratus OpenVOS command.  The system call that effects the command in most operating systems is that is defined by POSIX.  Command line shells on Windows usually use the Windows API to change the current working directory, whereas on Unix systems calls the POSIX C function. This means that when the command is executed, no new process is created to migrate to the other directory as is the case with other commands such as ls. Instead, the shell itself executes this command. This is because, when a new process is created, child process inherits the directory in which the parent process was created. If the command inherits the parent process' directory, then the objective of the command cd will never be achieved.  Windows PowerShell, Microsoft's object-oriented command line shell and scripting language, executes the command ("cmdlet") within the shell's process. However, since PowerShell is based on the.NET Framework and has a different architecture than previous shells, all of PowerShell's cmdlets like, etc. run in the shell's process. Of course, this is not true for legacy commands which still run in a separate process.

Usage.

A directory is a logical section of a file system used to hold files. Directories may also contain other directories. The command can be used to change into a subdirectory, move back into the parent directory, move all the way back to the root directory or move to any given directory.  Consider the following subsection of a Unix filesystem, which shows a user's home directory (represented as ) with a file,, and three subdirectories.  If the user's current working directory is the home directory (), then entering the command codice_3 followed by might produce the following transcript: user@wikipedia:~$ ls workreports games encyclopedia text.txt user@wikipedia:~$ cd games user@wikipedia:~/games$ The user is now in the "games" directory.  A similar session in DOS (though the concept of a "home directory" may not apply, depending on the specific version) would look like this:  DOS maintains separate working directories for each lettered drive, and also has the concept of a current working drive. The command can be used to change the working directory of the working drive or another lettered drive. Typing the drive letter as a command on its own changes the working drive, e.g. ; alternatively, with the switch may be used to change the working drive and that drive's working directory in one step. Modern versions of Windows simulate this behaviour for backwards compatibility under CMD.EXE.  Note that executing from the command line with no arguments has different effects in different operating systems. For example, if is executed without arguments in DOS, OS/2, or Windows, the current working directory is displayed (equivalent to Unix codice_4). If is executed without arguments in Unix, the user is returned to the home directory.  Executing the command within a script or batch file also has different effects in different operating systems. In DOS, the caller's current directory can be directly altered by the batch file's use of this command. In Unix, the caller's current directory is not altered by the script's invocation of the command. This is because in Unix, the script is usually executed within a subshell.

Interpreters other than an operating systems shell.

In the File Transfer Protocol, the respective command is spelled in the control stream, but is available as in most client command-line programs. Some clients also have the for changing the working directory locally.  The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include a codice_5 function with similar functionality. The command also pertains to command-line interpreters of various other application software.

The'command, also known as'(change directory), is a command-line shell command used to change the current working directory in various operating systems. It can be used in shell scripts and batch files.

cd, auf manchen Plattformen auch chdir (aus dem Englisch für "‚‘"), ist ein Kommandozeilenbefehl für den Einsatz in Shells, der ein Wechseln des Arbeitsverzeichnisses ermöglicht. Er kommt unter praktisch allen gängigen Betriebssystemen, darunter Unix, DOS, OS/2, AmigaOS, Windows und Linux zum Einsatz. Auf UNIX version 5 und früher ist nur das Kommando "chdir" bekannt. Der kurze Name "cd" wurde nach dem Aufkommen von 110-Baud-Modems eingeführt um die Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen.


Singles players.

Men's Singles  Women's Singles

Seniors.

Men's singles.

Rafael Nadal defeated Robin Söderling, 6–4, 6–2, 6–4

Women's singles.

Francesca Schiavone defeated Samantha Stosur, 6–4, 7–6

Men's doubles.

Daniel Nestor / Nenad Zimonjić defeated Lukáš Dlouhý / Leander Paes, 7–5, 6–2

Women's doubles.

Serena Williams / Venus Williams defeated Květa Peschke / Katarina Srebotnik, 6–2, 6–3

Mixed doubles.

Katarina Srebotnik / Nenad Zimonjić defeated Yaroslava Shvedova / Julian Knowle, 4–6, 7–6, [11–9]

Juniors.

Boys' singles.

Agustín Velotti defeated Andrea Collarini, 6–4, 7–5

Girls' singles.

Elina Svitolina defeated Ons Jabeur, 6–2, 7–5

Boys' doubles.

Duilio Beretta / Roberto Quiroz defeated Facundo Argüello / Agustín Velotti, 6–3, 6–2

Girls' doubles.

Tímea Babos / Sloane Stephens defeated Lara Arruabarrena / María Teresa Torró Flor, 6–2, 6–3

Other events.

Legends under 45 doubles.

Yevgeny Kafelnikov / Andriy Medvedev defeated Goran Ivanišević / Michael Stich, 6–1, 6–1

Legends over 45 doubles.

John McEnroe / Andrés Gómez defeated Mansour Bahrami / Henri Leconte, 6–1, 6–1

Women's Legends doubles.

Martina Navratilova / Jana Novotná defeated Iva Majoli / Nathalie Tauziat, 6–4, 6–2

Wheelchair men's singles.

Shingo Kunieda defeated Stefan Olsson, 6–4, 6–0

Wheelchair women's singles.

Esther Vergeer defeated Sharon Walraven, 6–0, 6–0

Wheelchair men's doubles.

Stéphane Houdet / Shingo Kunieda defeated Robin Ammerlaan / Stefan Olsson, 6–0, 5–7, [10–8]

Wheelchair women's doubles.

Daniela Di Toro / Aniek van Koot defeated Esther Vergeer / Sharon Walraven, 3–6, 6–3, [10–4]

Singles seeds.

The following are the seeded players and notable players who withdrew from the event. Seedings based on ATP and WTA rankings as of 17 May 2010. Rank and points before are as of 24 May 2010.

Men's Singles.

†The player did not qualify for the tournament in 2009. Accordingly, this was the 18th best result deducted instead.  The following players would have been seeded, but they withdrew from the event.

Women's Singles.

†The player did not qualify the tournament in 2009. Accordingly, this was the 16th best result deducted instead.  The following players would have been seeded, but they withdrew from the event.

Wildcard entries.

Below are the lists of the wildcard awardees entering in the main draws.

Protected ranking.

The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking:

Qualifiers entries.

Men's Qualifiers entries.

The following players received the lucky loser spot:

Women's Qualifiers entries.

The following player received the lucky loser spot:

Withdrawals.

The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries or personal reasons.

Prize money.

All prize money is in Euros (€); doubles prize money is distributed per pair.

Miscellaneous.

Rafael Nadal's victory marked for the 5th consecutive year the No.2 seed has gone on to win the tournament. (Rafael Nadal in 2006,2007,2008 and 2010 and Roger Federer in 2009.)

The 2010 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 114th edition of the French Open, and the second Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, from 23 May through 6 June 2010.

Die 109. French Open fanden vom 23. Mai bis zum 6. Juni 2010 in Paris, Frankreich statt. Titelverteidiger im Einzel waren Roger Federer bei den Herren sowie Swetlana Kusnezowa bei den Damen. Im Herrendoppel waren Lukáš Dlouhý und Leander Paes, im Damendoppel Anabel Medina Garrigues und Virginia Ruano Pascual die Titelverteidiger. Liezel Huber und Bob Bryan waren die Titelverteidiger im Mixed.


Background.

Bruce was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to William Cabell Bruce and Louise Este (Fisher) Bruce (1864–1945). One of his three brothers was James Cabell Bruce. He studied for a year and a half at Princeton University. He dropped out to serve in the United States Army during World War I. At parental insistence, he then attended the University of Virginia School of Law (1919–1920) and the University of Maryland School of Law (1920–1921) without taking a degree before being admitted to the Maryland bar in November 1921.

Career.

State service.

Bruce served in the Maryland House of Delegates (1924–1926) and the Virginia House of Delegates (1939–1942).

Federal service.

During World War II, Bruce headed the Europe branch of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), a precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which was based in London and coordinated espionage activities behind enemy lines for the United States Armed Forces branches. Other OSS functions included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning. He observed the invasion of Normandy landing there the day after the initial invasion.  After leaving the OSS at the end of World War II, and before entering the diplomatic field, in 1948–1949 David Bruce was with the Economic Cooperation Administration which administered the Marshall Plan. It was during this time that David Bruce and his new 2nd wife became an early member of the informal Georgetown Set within D.C.  Bruce, as a member of the new President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities, wrote a secret report on the CIA's covert operations for President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956 that was highly critical of its operation under Allen Dulles's leadership.

Diplomatic service.

He served as the United States Ambassador to France from 1949 to 1952, United States Ambassador to West Germany from 1957 to 1959, and United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1961 to 1969. He was an American envoy at the Paris peace talks between the United States and North Vietnam in 1970 and 1971. Bruce also served as the first United States emissary to the People's Republic of China from 1973 to 1974. He was the ambassador to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from late 1974 to 1976.  Bruce served as the Honorary Chair on the Board of Trustees of the American School in London during his diplomatic career in the United Kingdom.

Personal life and death.

On May 29, 1926, Bruce married Ailsa Mellon, the daughter of the banker and diplomat Andrew W. Mellon. They divorced on April 20, 1945. Their only daughter, Audrey, and her husband, Stephen Currier, were presumed dead when a plane in which they were flying in the Caribbean disappeared on January 17, 1967, after requesting permission to fly over Culebra, a U. S. Navy installation. No trace of the plane, pilot, or passengers was ever found. Audrey and Stephen Currier left three children: Andrea, Lavinia, and Michael.  He married Evangeline Bell (1914–1995) on April 23, 1945, three days after his divorce. She was a granddaughter of Sir Herbert Conyers Surtees, a niece of Sir Patrick Ramsay, a stepdaughter of Ambassador Sir James Leishman Dodds, and the elder sister of Virginia Surtees (who married, and divorced, Sir Henry Ashley Clarke, the British Ambassador to Italy). They had two sons and one daughter, Alexandra (called Sasha). Alexandra died under mysterious circumstances (possibly murder or suicide) in 1975 at age 29 at the Bruce family home in Virginia.  Bruce purchased and restored Staunton Hill, his family's former estate in Charlotte County, Virginia.  He died on December 5, 1977 of a heart attack at Georgetown University Medical Center.

Awards.

Bruce received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with Distinction, in 1976.

Legacy.

The David K.E. Bruce Award was established in 2007 at the American School in London.

Publications.

Bruce wrote a book of biographical essays on the American presidents originally published as "Seven Pillars of the Republic" (1936). He later expanded it as "Revolution to Reconstruction" (1939) and again revised it as "Sixteen American Presidents" (1962).

David Kirkpatrick Este Bruce (February 12, 1898 – December 5, 1977) was an American diplomat, intelligence officer and politician. He served as Ambassador to France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United Kingdom, the only American to be all three.

David Kirkpatrick Este Bruce (* 12. Februar 1898 in Baltimore, Maryland; † 5. Dezember 1977 in Washington, D.C.) war Jurist und einer der bedeutenden Diplomaten der USA im 20. Jahrhundert.


Indications.

Indications include:  Contraindications include:

Procedure.

Contrast agents are classified into two groups: fat-soluble contrast agents and water-soluble contrast agents. Water-soluble contrast agents can fill the finer elements of the ductal system. Fat-soluble contrast agents are viscous and can cause allergic reactions. These can also cause discomfort to the patients. Fat-soluble contrast agents do not fill finer elements of the duct.  A baseline radiograph (scout film) of the required salivary gland would be taken, the duct is dilated using graded lacrimal probes, a cannula then is inserted in this salivary gland duct's opening in the mouth, then a radio-opaque fluid (contrast medium) is injected in the duct through a small tube.  A series of radiographs would then be taken to determine the flow of the fluid, identify any obstructions and its location, the rate of fluid excretion from the gland.  Usually the radiographs taken are lateral oblique views of the face as orthopantomograms are not useful for the purpose of locating the area due to superimpositions and the way they are taken to put the teeth in the main field.

Interpretation.

This study is interpreted by evaluating the morphology of the salivary ducts for obstructions and chronic inflammation. Sialodochitis is a term describing dilation of the ducts caused by repeated inflammatory or infective processes. There is also irregular salivary duct stricture (narrowing) of the duct, which creates an appearance known as "sausage link" pattern on a sialogram. Suggestions of abscesses and autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren syndrome can also be elicited. Sialadenitis is inflammation of the salivary glands, which may cause acinar atrophy and create an appearance known as "pruning of the tree" on a sialogram, where there are less branches visible from the duct system. A space occupying lesion that occurs within or adjacent to a salivary gland can displace the normal anatomy of the gland. This may create an appearance known as "ball in hand" on an sialogram, where the ducts are curved around the mass of the lesion.

Adverse effects.

Like any medical imaging utilizing ionizing radiation, there will be a degree of direct ionizing damage and indirect damage from free radicals created during the ionization of water molecules within cells. The risk of causing the development of a malignant tumor is incredibly small, and is weighed against the benefits of the investigation on a case by case basis. Possible complications include:

Sialography (also termed radiosialography) is the radiographic examination of the salivary glands. It usually involves the injection of a small amount of contrast medium into the salivary duct of a single gland, followed by routine X-ray projections.

Die Sialographie (von griechisch σιαλον, sialon, für Speichel und γραφή, grafí, „die Schrift“) ist die Darstellung der Gänge der großen Speicheldrüsen (Ohrspeicheldrüse, Unterkieferspeicheldrüse und Unterzungenspeicheldrüse). Hierzu wird mit einer feinen, stumpfen Kanüle oder einem Katheter die jeweilige Mündung der zu untersuchenden Drüse sondiert (der Ausführungsgang der Ohrspeicheldrüse liegt in der Wangenschleimhaut in der Nähe des oberen ersten Molaren; die übrigen Ausführungsgänge liegen am Zungenboden hinter den unteren Frontzähnen). Dann wird vorsichtig, unter geringem Druck ein wasserlösliches Kontrastmittel in den Speichelgang eingespritzt und es werden Röntgenaufnahmen der Drüse und der Ausführungsgänge angefertigt.


Playing career.

Throughout his whole career, Poklepović played for RNK Split, between 1956 and 1976, and won the Yugoslav Second League twice, first in the 1956–57 (Zone I) season, and then after in the 1959–60 (West) season.

Coaching career.

He made his impact in the 1984–85 Yugoslav First League as a manager of Hajduk Split when he took over the Croatian powerhouse at the time when a lot of important players left the club and a lot of young players like Asanović, Andrijašević and Španjić joined the club with no experience. Poklepović almost won the league but finished 2nd because of match-fixing that was popular with other clubs in the league. Hajduk broke the record and scored 2 or more goals in every match that season.  In the 1985–86 UEFA Cup, Poklepović lead Hajduk to the quarter-finals. Poklepović won the first leg match against Waregem 1-0 on Poljud but he was then sacked from Hajduk for under-performing in the league so he didn't manage the second leg game against Waregem which Hajduk lost on penalties after a 0-1 defeat.  In 1991, he returned to Hajduk, winning the 1992 Prva HNL which was Poklepović's first league trophy in his career. In 1992, he took over the Croatia national football team, but after 4 games and only 1 win, he left the team.  In 1994, he went to manage the Iran national football team and Persepolis. He won the 1995–96 Azadegan League and the 1996–97 Azadegan League with Persepolis.  In 1998, he took over Osijek and won the 1998–99 Croatian Cup which is Osijek's first and only trophy till today. He also finished 4th in the Prva HNL the same season and secured a place in European competitions for Osijek. He returned again to Iran in 2005 and 2009, but unsuccessfully.  In February 2010, he returned to Hajduk Split for the third time. He won the 2009–10 Croatian Cup and finished 2nd in the Prva HNL the same season. He qualified with Hajduk for the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League after defeating Dinamo București and Unirea Urziceni in the qualifying rounds. In the 2010–11 Prva HNL, he controlled the 1st position for a while and became a favorite of the fans and the media. In the Europa League, he defeated Anderlecht 1-0 on Poljud, which was Hajduk's biggest European victory since the mid 1990s. After losing a cup game against Istra 1961 in the round of 16 and losing the 1st position in the league, he was sacked by Hajduk chairman Joško Svaguša on 27 October 2010.  In February 2015, five years later, Poklepović returned again to Hajduk Split for the fourth time in his career, but later in April, he was sacked because of underperforming in the league.

Honours.

Club.

Split

Manager.

Hajduk Split  Persepolis  Osijek

Stanko "Špaco" Poklepović (19 April 1938 – 24 December 2018) was a Croatian professional football player and manager. He was mostly notable for managing Hajduk Split in four different occasions during his career. He was also the first manager to win the Croatian First Football League with Hajduk Split, in its inaugural season, in 1992.

Stanko „Špaco“ Poklepović (* 19. April 1938 in Split, Königreich Jugoslawien; † 24. Dezember 2018) war ein jugoslawischer bzw. kroatischer Fußballspieler und -trainer.


History.

Argentina was chosen as the host nation of the 1978 World Cup by FIFA in London, England on 6 July 1966. Mendoza, as one of the largest cities in the country, was selected as a venue. The organizing committee, under supervision of the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina since 1976, proposed a new stadium to be built by the Cerro de la Gloria, in General San Martín Park, taking advantage of the topography of a natural depression located on the slopes of the hill. Beside the stadium itself, the project included new access roads, parking lots, a training auxiliar field and other complementary works.  The construction began in 1976 and the Estadio Ciudad de Mendoza ("City of Mendoza Stadium") was opened on May 14, 1978 with a friendly match between a team formed by players from Mendoza and another one with players from San Rafael. During June 1978, Mendoza hosted six Fifa World Cup matches, three first round matches and three second round matches. That same year Gimnasia y Esgrima de Mendoza became the first team from Mendoza to play a first division match at the stadium. Other teams from Mendoza that have reached the first division and used the Malvinas Argentinas as a home stadium since are Independiente Rivadavia, Club Atletico Huracan Las Heras, San Martín de Mendoza and Godoy Cruz.  After the 1982 Falklands War, the stadium was renamed "Estadio Malvinas Argentinas". The new name reflects Argentina's claims of sovereignty over the Falkland Islands ("Islas Malvinas" in Spanish).  During the 1993/1994 season Argentinos Juniors, original from Buenos Aires, played home matches in this stadium. In 1994, Mendoza started hosting the annual Football Summer Tournaments, that has taken place in the Malvinas Argentinas stadium since. In 2011, Godoy Cruz qualified for the Copa Libertadores and the stadium hosted for the first time an international club competition. The Mendocenean club qualified to the most important continental tournament once again in 2012 and took part of the 2011 and 2014 Copa Sudamericana; Godoy Cruz has played all of its home matches for international competitions at the Malvinas Argentinas stadium. In the 2016–17 season, Godoy Cruz drew an average home league attendance of 16,000.

Renovation.

The stadium was renovated for the 2011 Copa America, held in Argentina. Among other works during the renovation all the seats were replaced, the bathrooms were reconstructed, the roof of the stadium was repaired and a new 128 m2 LED screen was installed, being during that time the largest of its kind in South America.

Sporting events.

The stadium was built for the 1978 FIFA World Cup and during June 1978 Mendoza it hosted six matches, three group 4 matches and three second round matches.  Beside the 1978 FIFA World Cup, Malvinas Argentinas stadium has been one of the venues for the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship, the 2011 Copa America and the 2013 South American Youth Football Championship.  Argentina national football team has played several friendly matches in Mendoza but only one official match: it was on 2012 against Uruguay for the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification.  "Los Pumas" has played several test matches here and four The Rugby Championship matches: two against South Africa, in 2012 and 2013, and two against Australia, in 2014 and 2015.  The final and 3rd place match of the 2005 Under 21 Rugby World Championship were played at this stadium, while the rest of the tournament was held in smaller different stadiums of Mendoza province.

Shows.

The stadium played host to Amnesty International's Human Rights Now! Benefit Concert on October 14, 1988. The show was headlined by Sting and Peter Gabriel and also featured Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band, Tracy Chapman and Youssou N'Dour.  Other artists that have played at the Malvinas Argentinas are Maná, Ricardo Arjona, Joaquín Sabina, Joan Manuel Serrat, Chayanne, Soda Stereo, Charly Garcia and Ricky Martin.  The main event of the 2002 Fiesta Nacional de la Vendimia was held at this stadium.

The Malvinas Argentinas is the largest stadium in Mendoza, fourth largest census metropolitan area in Argentina. It is owned and administrated by the Provincial Government, and has a seating capacity of over 40,000 spectators.

Das Estadio Malvinas Argentinas (), bis 1982 Estadio Ciudad de Mendoza (), befindet sich in der argentinischen Stadt Mendoza. Es wurde in den Jahren 1976 bis 1978 errichtet und diente als Spielort bei der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 1978. Die Anlage bietet insgesamt 40.268 Plätze, davon 20.268 Sitz- und 20.000 Stehplätze.


Characteristics.

Despite being opaque at visible-light wavelengths, use of the Very Large Telescope at Cerro Paranal has revealed the presence of about 3,700 blocked background Milky Way stars, some 1,000 of which are visible at infrared wavelengths. Careful measurements of the degree of obscuration resulted in a finely sampled and accurate mapping of the dust distribution inside the cloud. Observations obtained with Herschel Space Observatory were able to constrain the distribution of the dust component and its temperature even more. Having a dark cloud in the solar neighborhood greatly facilitates observation and measurement. If not disrupted by external forces, the stability of dust clouds is a fine balance between outward pressure caused by the heat or pressure of the cloud's contents, and inward gravitational forces generated by the same particles (see Jeans instability and Bonnor-Ebert mass). This causes the cloud to wobble or oscillate in a manner not unlike that of a large soap bubble or a water-filled balloon which is jiggled. In order for the cloud to become a star, gravity must gain the upper hand long enough to cause the collapse of the cloud and reach a temperature and density where fusion can be sustained. When this happens, the much smaller size of the star's envelope signals a new balance between greatly increased gravity and radiation pressure.  The cloud's mass is about twice that of the Sun, and it measures about half a light-year across. Barnard 68's well-defined edges and other features show that it is on the verge of gravitational collapse followed by becoming a star within the next 200,000 years or so.  The cloud is often confused with Boötes void although the two have nothing in common, but pictures of Barnard 68 are often used to illustrate articles about Boötes void.

Barnard 68 is a molecular cloud, dark absorption nebula or Bok globule, towards the southern constellation Ophiuchus and well within our own galaxy at a distance of about 400 light-years, so close that not a single star can be seen between it and the Sun. American astronomer Edward Emerson Barnard added this nebula to his catalog of dark nebulae in 1919. His catalog was published in 1927, at which stage it included some 350 objects. Because of its opacity, its interior is extremely cold, its temperature being about 16 K (−257 °C). Its mass is about twice that of the Sun and it measures about half a light-year across.

Barnard 68 ist eine Dunkelwolke beziehungsweise Bok-Globule. Sie liegt in dem südlichen Sternbild Schlangenträger und ist etwa 500 Lichtjahre entfernt. Das Innere der Wolke ist sehr kalt, die Temperatur liegt bei rund 9 K (−264 °C). Die Gesamtmasse entspricht etwa der doppelten Sonnenmasse, wobei die Wolke eine Ausdehnung von einem halben Lichtjahr hat.


Life.

A few months before Natuzza's birth at Paravati, near Mileto in Calabria, her father emigrated to Argentina to look for work and the family never saw him again. Maria Angela Valente, Natuzza's mother, took on all sorts of work to feed her numerous family. As soon as she was able, Natuzza (a diminutive of Fortunata, a common name in Calabria) tried to help her mother and brothers; she was therefore unable to go to school, and indeed never learned to read or write.  In 1944 she married Pasquale Nicolace, a carpenter, and they had five children, but from quite an early age she was said to have had visions of Our Lord and Our Lady. There is a 10-volume bibliography on Natuzza by Prof. Valerio Marinelli, with many interviews where she explains these facts. The bibliography also has interviews with others who claim to have been healed by her prayers or to have received other graces. Natuzza became known for the appearance on her body of blood-coloured images and words around the time of Easter, and these caused her great psychological and physical pain. Some of the words were found to be Hebrew and Aramaic, which was strange because she could not read or write, even in her native Italian. For decades, devout Catholics from Calabria, then the rest of Italy, began coming to her to ask for advice and prayers, and to ask her for information about the souls of their relatives.  On 13 May 1987 work began on building a shrine in Paravati dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Refuge of Sinners, destined to be her home for the rest of her life and to provide accommodation for the elderly. This is still awaiting authorisation by the Archbishop of Mileto. Italian television crews came several times to interview her and in 1994 she published her autobiography. A documentary film about her was produced in 1987. In 2007 a special programme was broadcast about an entrepreneur from Calabria who had recovered from leukaemia, and he interviewed Natuzza.  Fortunata Evolo was admitted to hospital on 29 October 2009, but almost immediately she was released, and died of renal failure on the morning of Sunday 1 November at the Immaculate Heart old people's home. The Church bells were ordered by the Parish Priest, Natuzza's spiritual director, to peal out for the Feast of All Saints. Thousands of Catholics came from all over Europe to pay their respects, and the cause for her beatification is expected to be started very soon.

Reception.

Psychotherapist and skeptic Armando De Vincentiis has published an article claiming that Evolo may have suffered from painful bruising syndrome:  In July 2019, a decree from Luigi Renzo, the bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Mileto-Nicotera-Tropea, ordered the suppression of the Immaculate Heart of Mary Refuge of Souls Foundation, which had been founded by Evolo.

Fortunata "Natuzza" Evolo (; 23 August 1924 – 1 November 2009) was an Italian Catholic mystic who has been declared a Servant of God. She is said to have evidenced stigmata.

Natuzza Evolo (* 23. August 1924 in Paravati bei Mileto; † 1. November 2009 ebenda) war eine italienische Mystikerin und Gründerin des Gebets-Zönakels.