William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570)

William Herbert, 1. Earl of Pembroke (1501–1570)

Early life.

William Herbert's early life was distinguished by intense ambition coupled with an equally fierce temper and hot-headed nature. Described by John Aubrey as a "mad fighting fellow," the young Herbert began his career as a gentleman servant to the earl of Worcester. However, when a mercer called Vaughan was killed by Herbert, after an affray between some Welshmen and the watchmen for unknown reasons in Bristol, he fled to France.  Upon arrival, he immediately joined the service of King Francis I as a soldier, earning a reputation for courage and great skill on the battlefield. "In a short time he became eminent, and was favoured by the king, who afterwards recommended him to Henry VIII of England, who much valued him, and heaped favours and honours upon him." For his service to King Henry, Herbert was granted the estates of Wilton, Remesbury, and Cardiff Castle, and his position as a man of means was secured.  Herbert's first wife, Anne Parr, was sister of Queen consort Catherine Parr, sixth wife to King Henry VIII. He rose with the Parrs after his sister-in-law's marriage and was knighted in 1544. He had been granted Wilton Abbey and other land by Henry VIII by 1544. He pulled down the abbey, and built the first Wilton House in the 1540s.

Earldom.

Herbert was a Guardian of the young King Edward VI after the death of Henry VIII in 1547. As an executor of Henry's will and the recipient of valuable grants of land, Herbert was a prominent and powerful person during Edward's reign, with both the protector Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset and his rival, John Dudley, angling for his support. He threw in his lot with Dudley, and after Somerset's fall obtained some of his lands in Wiltshire. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1549, and created Baron Herbert of Cardiff on 10 October 1551, and 1st Earl of Pembroke (of the tenth creation) the following day, by Edward VI.  After the death of Edward VI, Herbert initially supported Lady Jane Grey's claim to the throne. Herbert arranged the marriage of his eldest son and heir, Henry, to Jane's sister, Lady Catherine Grey, at Durham House on 25 May 1553, the same day as her sister Jane was married to Guilford Dudley. The third couple married that day was the Duke of Northumberland's youngest daughter, Katherine, to Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon. When it became clear that Lady Mary Tudor would take the throne as Mary I, he cast his daughter-in-law, Catherine, out of his house and had the marriage annulled. Lady Catherine's father and sister, Jane, were both executed for high treason in February 1554 by the orders of Queen Mary I. Herbert managed to distance himself from the Grey family after their fall and obtained the new queen's favour by crushing Thomas Wyatt's rebellion. In 1557 the English army under the Earl of Pembroke did not arrive in time for the battle of St Quentin, but played a significant role in the capture of the city that followed. Pembroke was Mary's most effective commander at the war with France.  Mary sometimes suspected Pembroke's loyalty, but he was employed as governor of Calais, as president of Wales and in other ways. He was also to some extent in the confidence of Philip II of Spain. The earl retained his place at court under Elizabeth I until 1569, when he was suspected of favouring the projected marriage between Mary, Queen of Scots, and the duke of Norfolk.  According to John Aubrey's very colourful "Brief Life", he could "neither read nor write" but "had a stamp for his name." Aubrey says: "He was of good naturall parts, but very colericque. In Queen Mary's time, upon the return of the Catholique religion, the nunnes came again to Wilton Abbey; and this William, Earl of Pembroke, came to the gate which lookes towards the court by the street, but now is walled up, with his cappe in his hand, and fell upon his knees to the Lady Abbess and nunnes, crying peccavi. Upon Queen Mary's death, the Earl came to Wilton (like a tigre) and turned them out crying, "Out, ye jades! to worke, to worke—ye jades, goe spinne!"  Herbert had a secretary 'Robert Streynsham', who lived in the Parsonage in Ospringe (near Faversham in Kent).  Herbert is reported to have had a close bond with his pet dog. Aubrey writes that he "had a little cur-dog which loved him, and the earl loved the dog. When the earl died the dog would not go from his master's dead body, but pined away, and died under the hearse." Herbert's dog can be seen in the portrait at left.

Marriages and issue.

Herbert married twice:

Death.

William died on 17 March 1570, in Hampton Court. He was buried on 18 April 1570 in Old St Paul's Cathedral, where his first wife, Anne (Parr) Herbert, had been buried. His grave and monument were destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. A modern monument in the crypt lists him as one of the important graves lost.

William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke, 1st Baron Herbert of Cardiff (c. 150117 March 1570) was a Tudor period nobleman, politician, and courtier.

William Herbert, 1. Earl of Pembroke KG (* 1501; † 17. März 1570) war ein Adliger und Höfling unter den Tudors.


Early life and education.

Wakeham was educated at two independent schools in Surrey: Aldro School in Shackleford, and Charterhouse School near Godalming before graduating from Christ Church, Oxford. He became a successful accountant and later a businessman.

Political career.

He stood unsuccessfully in Coventry East in 1966 and in Putney in 1970 before his election to the House of Commons at the February 1974 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Maldon in Essex. He became a minister after Margaret Thatcher's victory in 1979.  During the late 1980s he served as Leader of the House of Commons, in which capacity he was responsible for the televising of Parliament, and as Energy Secretary (1989–92), where he drew up plans for the privatisation of electricity supply. Following a recommendation by John Major, he was created a life peer on 24 April 1992 taking the title Baron Wakeham, of Maldon in the County of Essex, serving as the Leader of the House of Lords until 1994.  He became chairman of the Press Complaints Commission in 1995, retiring in 2001. In 1997 he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Hampshire. Tony Blair appointed him in 1999 to head a Royal Commission on reform of the House of Lords – the resulting Wakeham Report suggested a mainly-appointed Lords be maintained, with a small elected component.

Personal life.

His first wife, Roberta, was killed in the Brighton hotel bombing in October 1984 and he was trapped in rubble for seven hours, suffering serious crush injuries to his legs. The couple had two children. Wakeham married his secretary, Alison Ward MBE in 1985 and they have a son of their own. Before being Wakeham's secretary, Ward had been Margaret Thatcher's secretary.

John Wakeham, Baron Wakeham, PC, DL (born 22 June 1932), is a British businessman and Conservative Party politician. Between 1998 and 2012, he was chancellor of Brunel University, and since then has been its chancellor emeritus.

John Wakeham, Baron Wakeham PC (* 22. Juni 1932 in Godalming, Surrey, England) ist ein britischer Wirtschaftsmanager und Politiker der Conservative Party.


Political career.

Ginn went to Washington in 1961 as chief aide to U.S. Rep. G. Elliott Hagan, and then served as the chief aide to U.S. Sen. Herman E. Talmadge. In 1971, Ginn returned to Georgia to resume a career in business and to explore the prospect of running for Congress. He was elected in 1972, and served five consecutive terms representing the First District, encompassing 20 counties in the southeast section of the state, including all of the Georgia coast.  At the time of his retirement from Congress, Ginn had become a senior member of the House Committee on Appropriations, and was chairman of the powerful Military Construction Subcommittee with authority for U.S. military ba se construction world- wide. He had sought the Appropriations Committee assignment after fighting off the near-closure of Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield in the early 1970s, and used his committee position to preside over a massive construction program for the Stewart- Hunter facilities that would later become the home base of the 3rd Infantry Division. Ginn is also credited with facilitating the construction of the Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base in Camden County, and led Congressional efforts to bring the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) to Glynn County, which is now the county's largest employer. In addition, he was a staunch advocate for MARTA in Atlanta, and an ardent supporter of national interests that brought jobs and economic development to Georgia such as Lockheed's C-5 A aircraft program. Ginn also was an early leader in environmental preservation issues in Georgia. He was the prime author of legislation that led to a protected wilderness designation for the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, the Blackbeard Island and Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuges, and large portions of Cumberland Island National Seashore.  He decided to leave Congress in 1982 to run for governor to succeed George Busbee, who was stepping down after eight years in office. The Democratic runoff election was a classic confrontation between Harris, who ran as a conservative promising no tax increases under any circumstances, and Ginn, who wanted to pursue a more progressive agenda for the state's future.  In the 1982 Georgia gubernatorial election, Ginn lost in the primary to Joe Frank Harris. His political career over, he founded the Ginn & Eddington lobbying firm in Washington, D.C. and later moved to Augusta, Georgia to be closer to his children.

Georgia Southern University.

Ginn is one of the most significant and effective Georgia Southern University graduates and contributors in history... His given years of dedicated and loyal support to Georgia Southern since arriving on campus in 1953... Born May 31, 1934 in Calhoun County, Georgia... Earned Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Education from Georgia Teachers College... Named Most Outstanding Business Student and was elected to Who's Who Among American University and College Students... Student Council President during senior year... Administrative Assistant to Congressman G. Elliot Hagan and United States Senator Herman E. Talmadge from 1961 to 1972... Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from the First Congressional District of Georgia in 1972... Served on the Public Works and Transportation Committee and Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee before gaining a seat on the influential Appropriations Committee... Also served on the Defensive Appropriations Subcommittee and as Chairman of the Military Construction Appropriations Subcommittee... In addition, spent time on the House Steering and policy Committee, the House Personnel Committee, the Congressional Campaign Committee and the Board of the visitors at West Point... Elected to five terms in the House before seeking governorship of Georgia... Served as Chairman of the Board of Ginn, Edingtion, Moore and Wade, a Washington-based governmental relations firm... Chairman of the Board of Deacons of the Millen Baptist Church... Member Board of Directors of the Warm Springs Roosevelt Institute... Taught Business and History at Coffee County High School for two years following graduation from Georgia Teachers' College... Assistant Manager for Public Relation for Planters Electric Corporation in 1957... Board member of the Georgia Southern Foundation, National Business Education Association, Korean War Veterans National Monument and Sunbelt Institute.  Ginn was a firm supporter of increased educational funding and Georgia Southern University. Ginn helped secure the title of "University" for the college and raised millions of dollars in donations to build the college's first football stadium while Erk Russell was head coach of the GSU Eagles national championship team. Ginn also taught as an adjunct professor for the University in political science.

Magnolia Springs State Park.

In 1988, the Millen National Fish Hatchery at Magnolia Springs State Park was named in honor of Ginn. The state park was a project of the Civilian Conservation Corps opened in 1939 in Jenkins County, midway between Augusta and Savannah and had been the location of Camp Lawton, a prisoner of war center during the Civil War. The Fish and Wildlife Service opened the hatchery in 1950 and operated it until 1996 when it was unable to continue funding the center and transferred control to the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The state of Georgia operated the hatchery and adjacent aquarium until 2009 when the Jenkins County Development Authority assumed operation of the hatchery for one year, but was unable to fund the aquarium.  Ginn's wife Gloria died in 1998; Ginn was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2003 and succumbed to the disease on January 6, 2005. He was survived by three children, and seven grandchildren.

Ronald Bryan Ginn, known as 'Bo' Ginn (May 31, 1934 – January 6, 2005), represented Georgia's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.

Ronald Bryan „Bo“ Ginn (* 31. Mai 1934 in Morgan, Calhoun County, Georgia; † 6. Januar 2005 in Augusta, Georgia) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1973 und 1983 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Georgia im US-Repräsentantenhaus.


Background and early years.

Born in Vail, Colorado, Shiffrin is the second child of Eileen (née Condron) and Jeff Shiffrin, both originally from the Northeastern United States and former ski racers. Shiffrin's father Jeff grew up in New Jersey, but was an avid skier on weekends in Vermont with his family; as an undergraduate, he raced for Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. Her mother Eileen raced in high school in northwestern Massachusetts in the Berkshires, and brother Taylor (born 1992), raced for the University of Denver.  When Mikaela was eight in 2003, the family moved to rural New Hampshire near Lyme, where her father, an anesthesiologist, worked at Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center. After five years, he took a new job in Denver; her older brother Taylor was in high school at Burke Mountain Academy, a ski academy in northeastern Vermont, and stayed in the east. Shiffrin also attended middle school at Burke, but went with her parents to Colorado, before returning to Burke. She has been treated for anxiety disorder and hyperactive type ADHD ever since she was a child.  Shiffrin began rising up through the ranks in alpine racing as soon as she was old enough to compete in FIS-sanctioned races. While meeting the minimum age requirement of 15 years, she won a Nor-Am Cup super combined race in December 2010 at Panorama in British Columbia, only the eighth FIS-level race in which she had competed. Shiffrin followed it up with three podiums in her next three Nor-Am races: runner-up in a super-G, third in a GS, and victory in a slalom. Weeks later, she won a pair of Nor-Am slalom races held at Sunday River, Maine. A month later Shiffrin took the slalom bronze medal at the FIS Junior World Ski Championships held at Crans-Montana, Switzerland (after having been down with a stomach flu the day before)..In January 2015,Shiffrin named former Croatian ski racer Janica Kostelić as her idol while growing up.

World Cup.

Shiffrin made her World Cup debut on March 11, 2011, in a giant slalom at Špindlerův Mlýn in the Czech Republic. In early April, just a few weeks after her 16th birthday, she won the slalom title at the US National Championships at Winter Park, Colorado, and became the youngest American ski racer to claim a national alpine crown.

2012 season.

During the 2012 Alpine Skiing World Cup, Shiffrin took her first World Cup podium on December 29, 2011, at a slalom in Lienz, Austria. She started 40th and lost her left shin guard halfway down, but finished in 12th place in the first run. Shiffrin, age 16, then posted the fastest time in the second run to secure third place.

2013 season.

Shiffrin won her first World Cup race in December 2012 at age 17, in a night slalom in Åre, Sweden. She became the second-youngest American to win an alpine World Cup event, behind Judy Nagel (17 yr, 5 mo.). Shiffrin's second win came two weeks later at a night slalom at Zagreb, Croatia; and her third win 11 days later at another night slalom in Flachau, Austria. After winning the slalom at the World Cup finals in Lenzerheide, she secured the 2013 season title in the slalom discipline. Though she spent most of her last two years of high school in Europe on the World Cup circuit, she graduated on time from Burke Mountain Academy in June.

2014 season.

Shiffrin opened the 2014 season in October 2013 in Sölden, Austria, with a career-best sixth in giant slalom, within a half-second of the podium. She won the next event, a slalom at Levi, Finland, improving on her podium finish the previous year for her fifth World Cup victory. At Beaver Creek, she was runner-up in the giant slalom, her first World Cup podium in that discipline. On January 5, Shiffrin secured first place in a two-run slalom race in Bormio, Italy (the race took place there instead of being, as scheduled, in Zagreb due to bad snow/weather conditions). She also won the world cup slalom races in Flachau, Åre and Lenzerheide, to secure a consecutive World Cup slalom title. Shiffrin ended the season as the reigning Olympic, World Cup, and world champion in slalom. That year, she was named one of ESPNW's Impact 25.

2015 season.

Shiffrin opened the 2015 season in October 2014 in Sölden with her first World Cup win in giant slalom. She had some trouble with slalom at first and ended up outside the podium in the first three World Cup slalom races, but emerged victorious in the races at Kühtai, Zagreb, Maribor, Åre and Méribel. She ended up winning the slalom world cup title once again. Shiffrin also won the World Championship in slalom held in Beaver Creek next to her home city of Vail, Colorado, USA.

2016 season.

In the first two slalom races of the 2016 season, both in Aspen, Shiffrin won by large margins, and in her first race, she achieved a new record margin for women's slalom, 3.07 seconds over the runner-up. On December 12, 2015, during the warm-up for the giant slalom in Åre, she fell and injured her knee. After two months away from racing, Shiffrin made a successful return in her first race back on February 15, 2016, where she took her 18th victory in Crans-Montana. In the 2016 season, she won all five slaloms she started. She missed the other five slaloms due to injuries, and chose not to compete in a parallel slalom in Stockholm.

2017 season.

Shiffrin opened the 2017 season with a second-place finish in giant slalom at Sölden in October 2016. This was followed by a victory in slalom at Levi on November 12. On November 26, 2016, she finished fifth in giant slalom at Killington in her first World Cup race in Vermont, but she returned the following day to a first-place finish in the slalom. On December 11, 2016, Shiffrin won her 11th straight World Cup win in the slalom in Sestriere, Italy. On December 27, Shiffrin won the giant slalom in Semmering, Austria, her second career giant slalom win and her first solo giant slalom win. The next day, she repeated and won her third career giant slalom and 25th World cup career victory. Shiffrin subsequently won the final race held at Semmering, a slalom, on December 29, 2016, achieving her 26th World cup victory and completing her sweep of races at the resort. This made her the first woman to take three wins in three consecutive days in technical disciplines since Vreni Schneider won two giant slaloms in Schwarzenberg and a slalom in Mellau in January 1989. However she missed out on equalling the record of eight consecutive slalom wins, jointly held by Schneider and Janica Kostelić, when she failed to finish first run of the Snow Queen Trophy race in Zagreb on January 3 – her first DNF in slalom since a race in Semmering in 2012. On January 29 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, Shiffrin posted her best result in a speed event, finishing fourth in the super-G, only 0.03 seconds off the podium. She won her first parallel slalom on January 31 in Stockholm, Sweden.  At the World Championships in St. Moritz in February, she won the gold medal in slalom and took the silver in giant slalom. The gold was her third consecutive in slalom at the World Championships; she became the first woman to do this in the World Cup era, and the first since Germany's Christl Cranz in 1939, when the Worlds were held annually.  On February 26, Shiffrin won her first super combined race at Crans-Montana. It was her ninth World Cup victory of the season, and extended her lead in the overall standings. She has more World Cup victories before the age of 22 than Ingemar Stenmark, the record holder for number of World Cup victories. In Squaw Valley, the first World Cup races there since 1969, she won the giant slalom on March 10 and the slalom the following day, taking her to 31 World Cup victories and 11 for the season. This secured her her fourth slalom world cup. In Aspen, Colorado, the World Cup finals of the season took place. Shiffrin secured her first overall World Cup, but did not win the giant slalom World Cup that year. After the season, she received the "Skieur d’Or" (golden skier) award, given by the international ski journalist association to the best alpine skier of the year (one award for both genders).

2018 season.

Shiffrin started the 2018 season with a 5th place finish in giant slalom at Sölden. In early December she competed in downhill at Lake Louise, where she reached her first downhill podium (3rd place) and the next day she won her first downhill race in her fourth ever start.  Between December 19 and January 9, Shiffrin won 8 of the 9 races on the World Cup circuit (4 SL, 2 GS, and 2 PSL). She made history winning the very first FIS parallel slalom with the win in Courchevel, France. Then she won the slalom in Lienz, Austria to finish her 2017 year. She started 2018 with the win in the City Event in Oslo, Norway and became the first women ever with 2 wins in City Event. Two days later she won the slalom in Zagreb, Croatia. With wins in both the giant slalom and slalom at Kranjska Gora, Slovenia, Shiffrin clocked up her 39th and 40th World Cup wins at age 22. She then won the slalom in Flachau, Austria to equal Annemarie Moser-Pröll's record of 41 World Cup wins before 23rd birthday. She also became the first woman in history to win the first 5 World Cup races of a calendar year and the first one in 20 years (since Katja Seizinger) to win 5 straight World Cup races. After a third place in downhill, things stopped going her way. The rest of January had two 7th places and three races where she did not finish.  At the 2018 Winter Olympics, in Pyeongchang, South Korea – after several days of weather postponements, which caused the first three and final two races to be held on consecutive days, Shiffrin won gold in giant slalom as well as silver in super combined. In the giant slalom she finished second after the first run behind Italian Manuela Moelgg, but was able to secure the gold when Moelgg made mistakes on the second run. Due to weather delays, the slalom was contested the day after the giant slalom. Shiffrin entered the heavy favorite as the reigning Olympic champion, three-time consecutive world champion, reigning World Cup champion and the world cup leader in the event. She finished the first run in fourth, and was unable to improve her ranking after the second run, missing the podium after winning every single major slalom title that she entered in her career beforehand. Although she had originally intended to run at least 4 races, she pulled out of the super-G due to it being held the day after slalom, believing that she would not be able to perform well if she did 3 races in as many days. The weather delays also caused the downhill and the super combined to be held on consecutive days, choosing to run only one of the two. Believing she had her best chance at a medal in super combined, she pulled out of the downhill after running all three training runs, her best finish being 5th in the 3rd and final training run. In the super combined, the final individual alpine event on the Olympic schedule, she finished 6th after downhill. However, she was far behind the leader, 1.98 seconds behind compatriot Lindsey Vonn. However, due to having the 3rd fastest slalom run—and many of the leaders of the first run having mistakes in the second—she was able to move up to the silver medal position behind Michelle Gisin of Switzerland. Her gold and silver medals coming out of the Olympics made her the most decorated American Olympian, the most decorated female alpine skier, and the second most decorated alpine skier overall, only behind Marcel Hirscher of Austria who won two gold medals.  Shiffrin secured her second consecutive World Cup overall title on March 9, 2018 with 5 races left in the season. At the World Cup Finals in Åre, Sweden she won the slalom by 1.58 seconds over Wendy Holdener of Switzerland, her 12th win of the season. This tied her for second with her teammate Lindsey Vonn for most World Cup wins in a single season by a woman, behind Swiss skier Vreni Schneider holding the record of 14.

2019 season.

On December 2, 2018 she won a super-G race in Lake Louise, becoming the only alpine skier ever — male or female — to win all six currently contested alpine skiing disciplines. These include slalom, giant slalom, downhill, super-G, combined, and the most recently added, parallel slalom (also called a city event). Tina Maze and Lindsey Vonn never won a parallel slalom race since its introduction into World Cup competition. With her 1st super-G World Cup win at Lake Louise, Shiffrin become the seventh woman to win in the five more traditional disciplines (not including parallel slalom). She joined Lindsey Vonn, Tina Maze, Janica Kostelić, Anja Pärson, Pernilla Wiberg and Petra Kronberger.  On December 8, 2018 she won her second Super-G at St. Moritz, Switzerland for her first back-to-back speed wins. The next day, December 9, she won her 4th parallel slalom with a dramatic win over her main slalom rival, the Slovakian Petra Vlhová. This marked her 5th win out of 9 season races to start the 2018/2019 season. On December 22, 2018, she won the slalom in Courchevel, France and became the youngest skier ever – female or male – to win 50 World Cup ski races, at the age of 23 years and nine months. With that race she also equalled the record of the Austrian Marlies Schild for the most wins in women's slalom – 35, and put herself in joint seventh place in all-time World Cup victories with Alberto Tomba of Italy.  One week later, she took another World Cup slalom win in Semmering, Austria, becoming the first alpine skier to take 15 World Cup wins in a single calendar year, moving ahead of Marcel Hirscher, who had taken 14 wins in 2018: both had broken the old record of 13 wins which had been set by Ingemar Stenmark in 1979. The race was also her 36th World Cup slalom win, breaking Schild's record: Shiffrin subsequently described Schild as "my biggest idol beside Bode Miller".  At the start of February 2019, shortly before the 2019 Alpine World Ski Championships, Shiffrin moved into third place on the list female skiers with the most World Cup race wins at a meeting in Maribor, tieing with Vlhová for the win in a giant slalom to put her equal with Vreni Schneider on 55 wins before winning a slalom the following day to overtake the Swiss skier.  At the World Championships, Shiffrin won the gold medal in the super-G before taking a bronze in the giant slalom in windy, changeable conditions, finishing behind Vlhová and Viktoria Rebensburg. She went on to secure a second gold in the slalom, becoming the first alpine skier to win four consecutive World Championships in the same discipline, despite suffering from a lung infection on the day of the race.  Following the Worlds, in March 2019 Shiffrin became the first alpine skier to take 15 World Cup wins in a season when she took victory in a slalom in Špindlerův Mlýn, breaking the record she had previously held jointly with Vreni Schneider. At the World Cup finals in Soldeu, Shiffrin started her campaign by clinching the super-G crystal globe, finishing fourth in the final race to take her tenth World Cup title and her first in a speed discipline, having already built an unassailable lead to secure the overall and slalom titles earlier in the season. She became the first skier to win World Cups in a technical and a speed event in the same season since Tina Maze six years earlier. She went on to win the slalom, her 16th win of the season and the 40th slalom win of her career, tying with Stenmark for the most World Cup slalom race wins. The following day she took her 17th win of the season and the 60th win of her career in the giant slalom to secure the GS crystal globe, becoming the first skier to win the overall, super-G, giant slalom and slalom World Cup titles in a single season. She also later won her 41st slalom race, making her the skier who has won the most World Cup slalom races.

2020 season.

Shiffrin had inconsistent performances in the technical races in the first half of the 2020 season, winning three slalom races to start, but placing runner up to Petra Vlhova later in the season. She also experienced similar fluctuations in ranking in Giant Slalom. However, she competed more frequently in speed races and following the Bansko World Cup in January 2020, had recorded 6 victories for the season, 3 slaloms and one each in giant slalom, Super G and Downhill; off pace with her performance in previous seasons, but still the most on the World Cup tour and with a considerable lead in the Overall Standings. However, on February 3, 2020, her father unexpectedly died in an accident, causing her to take an indefinite break from the World Cup tour and her chances of a fourth consecutive title. She did attend the final competition in Are, Sweden, but the race was canceled due to coronavirus. As a result, Petra Vlhova took over the top spot of the slalom rankings following a World Cup in Slovenia, the first time Shiffrin wasn’t leading slalom at that point in the season since 2016 and Federica Brignone reduced her lead in the overall from over 400 points to just over 100, and later took over the lead in the overall,

World Championship results.

Shiffrin competed in her first World Championships in 2013 at Schladming, Austria, and finished sixth in the giant slalom at Planai. Two days later in the slalom, she won the world title at age 17.

Olympic results.

Favored to win the slalom at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, Shiffrin led after the first run and nearly fell in the second, but held on for victory at Rosa Khutor. Three weeks shy of her 19th birthday, she became the youngest slalom champion in Olympic history. Three days earlier, she finished fifth in the giant slalom, held in the rain.  She competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang where she won the gold medal in the giant slalom and silver medal in the Combined. She placed 4th in the slalom despite being favored to win the gold medal in the event.

Media appearances and documentaries.

Days after her first World Cup finals in 2013, Shiffrin was interviewed by David Letterman on the "Late Show" on March 19.  In 2014, Shiffrin was featured in a one-hour special on NBC television, "How to Raise an Olympian," on February 5. Hosted by Meredith Vieira, it chronicled the journeys of seven US Olympians and featured interviews from parents and coaches along with home video and photos from each athlete's childhood. The event was broadcast on television with live social-media components to enhance each segment. After Shiffrin's first gold medal win, she played "Catch Phrase" with Reese Witherspoon and Usher on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon". On July 12, 2014, Shiffrin was a guest on the NPR radio show "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!", where she won the show's Not My Job game at the Red Rocks Amphitheatre.  On October 27, 2016, Shiffrin, speaking in German, presented the award for the best Austrian sportsman to Marcel Hirscher at a sports gala in Austria. In 2017, Shiffrin discussed her skiing roots and aptitude for napping on NBC's "Late Night with Seth Meyers". In 2018, Shiffrin was profiled on CBS News' "60 Minutes".  In the weeks after the February 2019 World Ski Championship, Amanda Ruggeri twice profiled Shiffin in "Deadspin", and she was featured in "The Wall Street Journal". In March 2019, after the conclusion of her record-setting World Cup season, she discussed handling anxiety on NBC's "Today", addressed dealing with social media trolls on CNN, discussed pay equity on ABC's "Good Morning America" and the entertainment news show "Access", and taught host Jimmy Fallon how to do the shuffle dance on NBC's "Tonight Show". "The New York Times" profiled Shiffrin as "the face of American skiing,", a theme echoed in a "Sports Illustrated" profile and video where Shiffrin talked in detail about her history with Lindsey Vonn.  Shiffrin has been the subject of long-form documentary videos. She is often featured in Outside's "In Search of Speed," including in 2015, 2017 and 2018. After covering Shiffrin's training regimen in 2017, Red Bull in 2018 produced the 48-minutes long documentary "Peak Season: The Determination of Mikaela Shiffrin." In April 2019, NBC's Olympia channel devoted 25 hours of prime-time to feature 20 of Shiffrin's races in the 2018-2019 season; her fanclub also released a compilation of highlights from her 2018-2019 season.

Mikaela Pauline Shiffrin (born March 13, 1995) is an American two-time Olympic gold medalist and World Cup alpine skier. She is a three-time Overall World Cup champion, the four-time reigning world champion in slalom, and a six-time winner of the World Cup discipline title in that event. Shiffrin is the youngest slalom champion in Olympic alpine skiing history, at 18 years and 345 days.

Mikaela Pauline Shiffrin (* 13. März 1995 in Vail, Colorado) ist eine US-amerikanische Skirennläuferin. Sie ist eine der erfolgreichsten Läuferinnen der Geschichte, insbesondere in ihrer Paradedisziplin Slalom – in dieser ist sie die jüngste Olympiasiegerin, die erste vierfache Weltmeisterin in Folge sowie sechsmalige Siegerin der Weltcup-Disziplinenwertung und mit 43 Weltcupsiegen Rekordsiegerin. Sie gewann bisher drei olympische Medaillen (davon zwei goldene) und fünf Weltmeistertitel. In den Wintern 2016/17, 2017/18 und 2018/19 entschied sie den Gesamtweltcup für sich und gewann acht Disziplinenwertungen. Außerdem ist Shiffrin eine von nur sieben Athletinnen, die Weltcupsiege in allen Disziplinen feiern konnte. Mit 17 Weltcupsiegen in der Saison 2018/19 hält sie den Rekord für die meisten Saisonsiege.


Development.

2000–2004.

The LF-A sports car began development with a codename of TXS, which was intended to showcase the performance capabilities of Toyota Motor Corporation and its Lexus marque. The first prototype

2005–2006.

In January 2005, the first LF-A concept premiered at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan as a design study with no plans for production. The first LF-A concept had an overall length of, shorter than the Porsche 911 Turbo (996) while its wheelbase measured, or about longer. The concept was nearly in height, with a width of. Some news outlets reported the concept name as referring to Lexus Future-Advance, a claim later dismissed by Chief Engineer Tanahashi. The first

2007–2008.

Following the original LF-A concept, development time was lengthened by the switch from an aluminum frame to a carbon fibre tub, the result of engineering efforts aimed at improving the LF-A's power-to-weight ratio. The LF-A was reported to draw engineering resources from Toyota's Formula One team. In January 2007, a restyled LF-A concept car premiered alongside the first production F marque vehicle, the IS F sports sedan. The second LF-A concept featured a more aerodynamic exterior, a near-production interior, and F marque emblems. Later that year, Lexus Great

2009.

On 5 August 2009, Toyota's new CEO, Akio Toyoda, publicly confirmed production of the LF-A in his speech at a conference held at the Center for Automotive Research in the United States. The production vehicles were expected to carry V10 engines, putting the car in market competition with the Lamborghini Gallardo, Ferrari F430, the Porsche 911 (997), and the Chevrolet Corvette C6 ZR1.  Two LF-A prototypes had also competed at Nürburgring VLN endurance races in mid-2009. In September 2009, reports in Japanese automotive magazines indicated that the 4.8 L V10 engine for the LF-A would carry a "1LR" designation. A subsequent television ad for the Japanese market showed the pre-production LFA testing at

Production.

Lexus began taking orders for the LFA on 23 October 2009. Buyers were selectively chosen by Lexus in the second quarter of 2010. Production began in December 2010. Only 500 total cars were made for worldwide markets, with only 20 produced each month. Each car had to be custom ordered to the customer's specifications. Following the LFA's Introduction at the Tokyo Motor Show, Lexus unveiled a website with an 'LFA configurator', which allowed users to select exterior and interior colours, brake caliper colours, seats, steering wheel leather, and other interior designs. In total, there were over 30 billion possible combinations. Each LFA was hand-built by a dedicated production team of engineers and specialists at Toyota's Motomatchi plant in Aichi, Japan.  In the North American market, 150 cars were initially sold through a two-year lease program much like the Ferrari F50. This was to prevent owners from reselling the vehicle for a profit. Racing

Overview.

Engine.

The Lexus LFA is powered by a 72-degree bank angle V10 engine equipped with Dual VVT-i carrying the "1LR-GUE" designation with a maximum output of delivered at 8,700 rpm. Its maximum torque output of arrives at 6,800 rpm, 90 percent of which is available from 3,700 rpm. The engine redlines at 9,000 rpm, but with a fuel cutoff set at 9,500 rpm, and is constructed using forged aluminum pistons, forged titanium connecting rods, and solid titanium valves. The V-angle of the LFA's V-10 engine is set to 72-degrees to fully balance the firing force from the pistons. This 72-degree angle allows for even firing from the pistons without the use of a split-journal crankshaft, thus improving engine efficiency as well as lowering overall weight. Dry sump lubrication prevents engine oil starvation through high speed corners and lowers the engine's center of mass. Air is fed directly from beneath the hood through a visible slit passing into a dual stage variable intake manifold and then into ten individual throttle bodies before finally exiting from

Transmission.

The gearbox built by Aisin is

Chassis.

The Lexus LFA's frame is made from an in-house designed and manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) centre monocoque with aluminium front and rear subframes. The subframes, which can be removed and replaced minimising potential repair costs, are joined to the monocoque using a newly developed aluminum flanged collar designed to create a stronger joint. According to the manufacturer, the quality of the CFRP material matches that of aeronautical grades and is woven by a laser monitored circular loom, one of only two in the world. Overall 65% of the vehicle's total body mass is CFRP material while the remaining 35% is aluminum. Manufacturer data indicates that the use of CFRP saves over equivalent aluminum materials.  An electric power steering rack with a 14.3:1 gear ratio is used. The front suspension utilises a double-wishbone arrangement and there is a multi-link arrangement at the

Exterior.

The LFA has an overall length of, while its wheelbase measures, with a height of and width of. Compared to the prior 2007–2008 concepts, the production model is nearly longer, with identical width, height, and nearly same wheelbase dimensions. The exterior design of the LF-A concepts and the final production model was the work of car stylists led by Lexus Design general manager Kengo Matsumoto. The overall design ethos was based on the principle of form follows function, with aesthetics secondary to aerodynamics and operation.  The LFA's body features sharp edges and cutoffs for improved aerodynamic performance, made possible by the carbon fiber body.

Interior.

The LFA interior incorporates carbon fibre, leather, alcantara, and metallic surfaces. There are two bucket seats, and Lexus' Remote Touch controller interface. The interior design uses bespoke materials and colors. The instrument display is a digital thin-film transistor (TFT) speedometer with color-changing background, size-changing numbers, and side-appearing submenus.  In operation, the TFT display shows small digits in automatic mode; larger and bolder numbers in normal mode; inverted colors, moved redline, and stark numbers in sport mode, along with a programmable redline warning color change. The tachometer display also features an electric movable metal ring with layer acrylic plastic

Nürburgring Package.

On 15 March 2010, Lexus detailed the circuit-tuned variant of the LFA, plans for which were first disclosed at the LFA official press launch the previous October. The variant is officially known as the LFA Nürburgring Package in reference to the similar setup employed on the LFA race cars at the 24 Hours Nürburgring.  The package features an extra from its V10 engine, bringing the total to. It also features a re-calibrated transmission with gear shifts made faster by 0.05 seconds, a front splitter, stiffer and more adjustable suspension, lightweight alloy wheels wrapped in track tyres, aerodynamic canards at the sides of the front bumper, and a large fixed rear wing.  The LFA with the Nürburgring Package is a competition-focused variant, and was available in four exterior colours, namely glossy black, matte black, race yellow, and whitest white. The production totals are to be included in the 500-unit total LFA planned build cycle, and although Lexus stated it

Specifications.

Manufacturer.

Official specifications and performance figures

Performance.

Tested performance specifications for the Lexus LFA from "Car and Driver", "Motor Trend", "Road & Track" and "Insideline" are as follows: Edmunds' "Insideline" managed to acquire a LFA from Lexus for one week and tested the LFA against the Porsche GT2 RS on the track including an impromptu grudge match on the drag strip. Both cars won 2 races each making it a draw.  "Insideline" recorded a in 3.9 seconds without launch control system and achieved the 1/4 mile 11.6 seconds at. Lexus LFA circled the skidpad in 1.02 g and achieved one of the highest slalom speeds

Lap times.

Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours.

"Motorsports France" conducted a track test on the Lexus LFA and ran a hotlap around the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours resulting in a laptime of 1:20.6, which was the fastest ever recorded laptime on the race track despite the test having been conducted

Contidrom.

"Auto Zeitung" Germany in the August 2010 edition conducted a comparison between Lexus LFA and Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG. Around Contidrom race track in Hannover, Germany, the LFA turned a faster lap time by 1.8 seconds of

El Toro.

In the LFA's "Top Gear USA" appearance in the third quarter of 2011 in the "Beating Tanner" episode, the American Stig also did a hotlap around the "Top Gear USA" testing track in 1:22.6, located at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, which is the third

Goodwood Circuit.

"AutoWeek" on the Goodwood Circuit in an LFA, independently clocked a fastest lap time of 1:24.8 making it the fastest ever recorded lap on the race track so far and

Infineon Raceway.

The LFA appeared on "Top Gear USA" in the third quarter of 2011 in the "Beating Tanner" episode where Tanner did a hotlap around

Nürburgring.

Chief Engineer Haruhiko Tanahashi mentioned during the world's press at the Nürburgring in Germany that the LFA has lapped the Nürburgring Nordschleife in "better than 7 minutes 20 seconds", although no further specifics were given to the record lap.  "Sport Auto" in the September 2010 edition conducted an LFA supertest with a red LFA that had been used in several other tests in Europe and Horst Von Saurma conducted a hot lap of the LFA around the Nürburgring Nordschleife. The LFA clocked the Nürburgring in 7:38. The LFA was wearing temporary Bridgestone S001 street tires since the LFA spec tires are still under development. Although the LFA lap time is slower than the chief engineer's "better than 7:20" claim, "Sport Auto" cited LFA ran exactly the same lap time with the same driver as other major

"Top Gear" test track.

The LFA appeared on "Top Gear" in January 2010, where its power lap of 1.22.8 was the quickest wet test lap

Westover.

"Battle of the Supercars" did a head-to-head comparison of Audi R8 V10 with the Lexus LFA with Tanner Foust driving the LFA and Paul Tracy driving the R8 V10 at the runways of Westover Air Reserve Base. LFA comprehensively was declared the winner by the presenter where LFA lapped the short 1-mile track 1 full second faster than the R8 V10 with a lap time of 48.9 for the LFA versus 49.9 R8 despite Tanner having difficulties launching the Lexus LFA in the 1-mile road course lap and also the standing mile drag race where LFA won despite a delayed launch (no launch control used for these runs). This test also saw LFA using launch control for

Reception.

"Car and Driver" concluded in its review of the LFA and its performance that the carbon-fibre sports car rated as a "bargain" compared to the more expensive Enzo Ferrari and Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren. In May 2010, "Motor Trend" ran the LFA through several track tests and praised its driving dynamics and performance. The LFA was criticised for being sold at a price much higher than comparable sports cars by Top Gear.  GTspirit.com tested the LFA in Monaco in May 2010 and gave it a positive review with quotes such as "The LFA is incredibly easy to drive. It communicates well, has a superb overall balance and the transparency of the options is an eye-opener. The choice between the racing setup and an all-day trip through a dense city is easily changed." and "the “I want one” feeling grew considerably ever single minute."  Many reviewers have placed Lexus LFA near the top of the cars they have ever driven. Chris Harris of "Evo UK" had called LFA as the "best car I have ever driven around Nurburgring. No other car inspires more confidence than the LFA". "Autoweek" Netherlands professional driver Sandor Van Ees stated "Lexus LFA - that sound, that experience. I place Lexus LFA in the top 5 best cars I have ever driven". Dutch European journalist Thomas Bangma said "this car is an absolute gem... It is absolutely the best car I have ever driven". "Car Magazine" editor and professional test driver Ben Barry called the LFA Nurburgring edition "the Bugatti Veyron of Japan".

Television programs.

The LFA appeared on "Top Gear" in January 2010, where Richard Hammond drove and raved about the car. Later in the episode, the LFA set a record for the quickest wet test lap ever recorded on the "Top Gear" test track, faster than the Lamborghini Gallardo. However, it was noted that the LFA cost 3 times more than the Gallardo, and was £130,000 more than the Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano but not faster than it; Jeremy Clarkson also noted that the 202 mph LFA costs 6 times more than the 193 mph Nissan GT-R, but is not 6 times faster. In response, "Evo's" review of the LFA pointed out that the performance of "a Bugatti Veyron is not 12 times more than the GT-R", with reviewer Chris Harris observing that no cars are 6 times more than a GT-R either. Jeremy Clarkson drove the LFA for the first time on Top Gear, describing it as "bloody brilliant". Later, in Series 19, Ep.2, Clarkson states at the start that the LFA is the best car he's ever driven and, in the end, quoted, "If I could have any car ever made given to me I'd pick a dark

Comparison tests.

AutoZeitung Germany: SLS AMG vs Lexus LFA.

In the August 2010 edition of "Autozeitung" Germany magazine, a full track test comparison was conducted between the Lexus LFA and Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG. In straight line acceleration tests, the SLS AMG and the LFA attained similar results, with arriving in 3.8 seconds for the SLS AMG and 3.9 seconds for the LFA. The test was

Stevinson Lexus LFA vs Eclipse 500 Jet Race.

In October 2012, Lexus staged a race as a result of a charity bet between pilot Marc Arnold and Kent Stevinson to race a Lexus LFA against an Eclipse 500 jet. The plane was given a head start of about with the Lexus LFA launching from a dead stop as the jet flew by. Both vehicles would accelerate and race to the end of a 4,800-foot runway, where the LFA would then brake and

Car and Driver: Lexus LFA vs Ferrari 599 GTB w/ HGTE track package.

In November 2010, "Car and Driver" did a comparison test between the LFA and the Ferrari 599 GTB HGTE with the additional handling package. The LFA won the comparison and was featured in full in the November 2010 edition of the magazine. The LFA was generally favored in the review as the more hardcore sports car, while the 599 GTB was viewed as the better grand tourer. The LFA out-performed the 599 HGTE from and in the, with times of 3.6 seconds and 11.7 seconds at respectively, while

Evo UK: Ferrari 599 GTO vs Lexus LFA.

In August 2011, Evo UK conducted a direct head to head comparison of Lexus LFA and Ferrari 599 GTO, which mainly consisted of driving in the mountains of Scottish highlands. The 599 GTO makes 100 more horsepower than the LFA, however LFA is 125 kg (275 pounds) lighter and has more compact dimensions. Though the 599 GTO delivered more power,

Edmunds Inside Line: Lexus LFA vs Porsche 911 GT2 RS.

Edmunds' "Insideline" managed to acquire a LFA from Lexus for one week and tested the LFA against the Porsche GT2 RS on the track including an impromptu grudge match on the drag strip. Both cars won 2 races each making it a draw. "Insideline" recorded a 0 - 60 mph in 3.9 seconds without launch control system and achieved

"Motor Trend": Lexus LFA vs Nissan GT-R.

In May 2010, "Motor Trend" conducted a track test comparison between the Lexus LFA and Nissan GT-R. The LFA had a statistical advantage in the test, as it was over lighter than the Nissan GT-R, and put down 60 wheel horsepower more when both cars were tested on a dyno. However, the Nissan GT-R came with stickier high-grip tyres, and also offered a launch control system and AWD. In acceleration tests, Lexus had not given permission to "Motor Trend" to use the in-built launch control system for the LFA, resulting in a 3.8 seconds 0−60 mph (97 km/h) time (versus 3.5 seconds for the Nissan GT-R). However,

Sunday Times: Jeremy Clarkson.

In 2012, Jeremy Clarkson wrote an article in the Sunday Times about his Yorkshire drive in the moors of the "Lexus LFA". Jeremy highly praised the LFA's appearance and how special it felt both inside and out by saying "It looks very very special and inside it even gets better. Unlike Ferrari that fits buttons everywhere it can find some space, Lexus has thought through everything beautifully in this car. Apart from the switch that engages the reverse, which is behind the mileometer - there's a Spock-like logic to everything. And when you push or pull or engage anything, there is a sense that it will continue to work for thousands of years. It is the nicest car interior I've ever encountered and I would never ever tire of the tool that moves all of the dials around". Clarkson highly praised the LFA engine by saying "Then you fire the engine up. Snick it into first, move off and... whoa! The noise beggars belief. This is not a car that shouts, growls or barks. It howls. Up there, on the moors, it

Motorsport.

2008.

A Lexus LF-A prototype was entered on 10 May 2008 on the Nürburgring 4 hour VLN endurance race. Despite being lapped 5 times and finishing 77th overall among over 200 teams, it surprisingly won the over 4,000 cc class SP8, as all other five class entrants, including a Porsche 997 Turbo and Aston Martin Vantage, failed to finish. The best lap time of the Lexus, on the 24.4 km version used in

2009.

On 4 April 2009, a LF-A and a Lexus IS F entered by Gazoo Racing (which had already raced smaller cars in 2007 and 2008) finished first and second in the SP8 class in the ADAC-Westfalenfahrt VLN 4h endurance race, as all three other class entrants, a Gallardo, a Corvette and an R8, failed to complete the race. In winning its second VLN 4h event, the LF-A improved its fastest lap time, with one driver completing 8:41 laps both in practice and in the race; by comparison, the fastest overall race laps were 8:27 by a Dodge Viper and a Porsche 997 Cup S, both of the new SP9 class, which is close to FIA-GT3. The LF-A was subsequently entered into the 24 Hours Nürburgring race for the manufacturer stated purpose of obtaining feedback for fine-tuning production versions along with training of support technicians. Gazoo

2010.

Lexus/Gazoo again entered two cars in the 2010 24 Hours of Nürburgring, in the SP8 class over 4,000 cc. The “Balance of Performance” required a minimum weight of, a restrictor diameter of 34.2 mm, and a fuel tank size of 120 liters. The No. 50 car won its class, and finished 18th overall with 142 laps, 12 laps down. The No. 50 car, with 4 Japanese drivers, did a fastest lap of 8:55.934 (average of 170.470 km/h), which was over 20 seconds slower than the top 10

Sculpture models.

In April 2005, Lexus presented a sculptural model of the original LF-A concept at that year's Milan Design Week exhibition in Milan, Italy. Part of the marque's introductory display of its L-finesse design theme, the full-size LF-A model was presented next to a production Lexus GS model, in a design space produced by painter Hiroshi Senju, designer Junya Ishigami, and architect Kazuyo Sejima. The sculpted LF-A model followed the first introduction of the LF-A concept at the North American International Auto Show in January of that year. In contrast with

Awards.

In October 2009, the debut of the Lexus LFA was named among "Road & Track"'s Best of the 2009 Tokyo Auto Show. For his role in leading its development project, "Top Gear" awarded Lexus LFA chief engineer Haruhiko Tanahashi as one of its Men of the Year for 2009 along with Sébastien Loeb, Jenson Button, and others. In April 2010, the LFA topped the "Stiff Magazine" list of the Top 5 V10 Road Cars. In its 2010 test of the LFA, "Car" gave the vehicle the magazine's maximum rating of five stars. The LFA was also named to the "Top Gear" 100 Sexiest Supercars of All Time list in 2010. "Top Gear" magazine in its September 2010 edition picked "5 greatest supercars of the year" and the LFA was honored as one of the greatest sports cars of the year along with the Porsche GT3 RS, Lamborghini Gallardo Superleggera, Ferrari 458 Italia and SLS AMG. All 5 cars were featured in the magazine in a side-by-side comparison and LFA was picked as the "Stig's most favorite supercar".  "Evo UK" in its January 2011 edition held a "best engine of the year" selection. Lexus LFA's 4.8 Liter V10 was selected as the "best engine of the year" over the SLS AMG's V8, 458 Italia's V8, GTR's V6, LP570-4

In popular culture.

Gaming.

This first LF-A concept car is featured in "The Fast and the Furious", "Forza Motorsport 4", "5" and "6", "Forza Horizon", "2", "3", and in "4 then Polyphony Digital, game developers for Sony Computer Entertainment announced that the Lexus LFA would make an appearance in "Gran

Film.

The car was also briefly seen at the end of Fast Five driven by Sung Kang's character Han Lue on the German

The is a two-seat sports car manufactured by Lexus, the luxury car division of Toyota. It is the second model in the F marque line of performance vehicles from Lexus, following the IS F. Three concept versions were unveiled, each debuting at the North American International Auto Show with the LF-A designation as part of the LF Series concept line. After beginning development in the early 2000s (with a codename of TXS), the first LF-A concept premiered in 2005, followed in 2007 by a second concept with a more completely furnished interior and exterior. The third version of the LF-A, featuring a roadster bodystyle premiered in 2008. The production model, trademarked LFA, was unveiled at the Tokyo Motor Show in October 2009. According to Lexus, the "A" in production LFA name stands for the "Apex" of the LF line of cars.

Der Lexus LFA ist ein zweisitziger Supersportwagen von Lexus. Das Fahrzeug ist nach dem IS-F das zweite Modell in der "F Performance"-Reihe.


Early life.

Steinfeld was born in the Tarzana neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, the younger of two children of Cheri ("née" Domasin), an interior designer, and Peter Steinfeld, a personal fitness trainer. She has an older brother, Griffin. Her paternal uncle is fitness trainer Jake Steinfeld, and her maternal granduncle is former child actor Larry Domasin. Her maternal first cousin, actress True O'Brien, appeared in a television commercial when Steinfeld was eight years old, inspiring her to try acting as well.  Steinfeld's father is Jewish, and her mother is Christian. Her maternal grandfather, Ricardo Domasin, was of half Filipino (from Panglao, Bohol) and half African-American descent. Steinfeld was raised in Agoura Hills and later in Thousand Oaks, California, attending Ascension Lutheran School, Conejo Elementary, and Colina Middle School. She was home-schooled from 2008 until her high school graduation in June 2015.

Career.

2007–2014: Early work, breakthrough and "True Grit".

Steinfeld began acting at the age of 10; she appeared in several short films, including playing the role of Talia Alden in the award-winning "She's a Fox". She made several television guest appearances and commercials. Steinfeld was chosen for the role of Mattie Ross in "True Grit" when she was 13. The film was released internationally in December 2010; Richard Corliss of "Time" magazine called her performance one of the Top 10 Movie Performances of 2010 and wrote that Steinfeld "delivers the orotund dialogue as if it were the easiest vernacular, stares down bad guys, wins hearts. That's a true gift". Reviews from Roger Ebert, the "Los Angeles Times", and "Rolling Stone" were also complimentary. The role earned Steinfeld a nomination at the 83rd Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actress; the Oscar went to Melissa Leo. In May 2011, five months after "Grit" was released, she was chosen to be the new face of Italian designer brand Miu Miu.  In 2011, Steinfeld was cast at age 14 to play Juliet Capulet in a 2013 adaptation of "Romeo and Juliet". The role was originally intended for a 22-year-old actress; there was concern about nudity in the film, its director explained that when Steinfeld was cast, the script was changed to make it age-appropriate. The film was released in October 2013 to poor reviews in the United States and internationally. Steinfeld starred as Petra Arkanian in "Ender's Game", a science-fiction action-adventure film based on the book by Orson Scott Card. The film was released on November 1, 2013.  Steinfeld played Violet, one of the leads in the romance-drama "Begin Again". The film was given a limited release in the United States on June 27, 2014, grossing $134,064 on its opening weekend; it opened in wide release on July 11. It was re-released by The Weinstein Company on August 29. Paramount Pictures closed a deal in 2011 for the screen rights to the Cat Patrick novel "Forgotten" and announced that she would play London Lane in a project yet to be filmed. In 2014, Steinfeld was announced to star as Min Green in a screen adaptation of Daniel Handler's romantic-comedy book "Why We Broke Up", but the film has not yet gone into production.

2015–present: "Pitch Perfect", "Haiz", and "The Edge of Seventeen".

Steinfeld was cast as Eliza opposite "Ender's Game" co-star Asa Butterfield in the film adaptation of "Ten Thousand Saints", which premiered on January 23, 2015, at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. Steinfeld was originally cast to play the female lead in the 2015 film, "For the Dogs", but was replaced by actress Emma Roberts. In spring 2014, Steinfeld narrated as the voice of Anne Frank for an exhibition on Frank at the Museum of Tolerance. In October, she was cast to star as Hadley in "The Statistical Probability of Love at First Sight", based on the novel of the same name by Jennifer E. Smith. Steinfeld was announced in January 2015 as the star of the film adaptation of "Carrie Pilby", the young adult novel by Caren Lissner. In March, Steinfeld was one of the voice actors for the English-language dub of the Japanese animated film "When Marnie Was There". Steinfeld plays Anna Sasaki alongside Kiernan Shipka as Marnie. Steinfeld stars as the Trinity in the music video for "Bad Blood" by Taylor Swift featuring Kendrick Lamar. The video premiered at the 2015 "Billboard" Music Awards ceremony on May 17, 2015 and won a MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year. In 2015, Steinfeld co-starred in "Pitch Perfect 2", alongside Anna Kendrick, Rebel Wilson, and Elizabeth Banks, who also directed. She played some of her songs for a representative from Republic Records at an event in New York City, and the label signed her. In May, Republic Records announced the record deal and that Steinfeld was working on her first release. In April 2015, Steinfeld was cast in a lead role in "Break My Heart 1000 Times", based on the YA novel by Daniel Waters. Scott Speer is set to direct. In July 2015, Steinfeld and singer Shawn Mendes released an acoustic version of Mendes' single, "Stitches". The following month, Steinfeld released her debut single, "Love Myself", with Republic Records. The song garnered media attention for its empowering message as well as suggestive lyrics that led media outlets to dub the song an "ode to masturbation". Steinfeld's debut extended play, "Haiz" (the nickname used by her fans), was released in November 2015. "Haiz" was produced by Mattman & Robin and features co-writers Julia Michaels and Justin Tranter. The EP was released to mixed reviews from PopDust, "Vulture" and "Nylon". In February 2016, Steinfeld released a new version of "Rock Bottom" (replacing the original version) as the second single featuring American funk pop band DNCE. Her second verse and a line in the bridge was sung by lead singer, Joe Jonas as well as the second pre-chorus and rest of the choruses after that. Performing alongside Steinfeld and Jonas were the other DNCE members, with JinJoo Lee on guitar, Cole Whittle on bass guitar, and Jack Lawless on drums. Her single "Starving" was released in July 2016. The song is a collaboration with Grey featuring Zedd and became her biggest hit to date going platinum in Italy, New Zealand, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States while also going double platinum in Australia and triple platinum in Canada.  Steinfeld played the lead role in "The Edge of Seventeen", a coming-of-age comedy co-starring Blake Jenner, Woody Harrelson and Kyra Sedgwick, and written and directed by Kelly Fremon Craig. The film was released on November 18, 2016, to positive reviews, and Steinfeld's performance was praised by critics and earned a Golden Globe Award nomination. Steinfeld reprised her role as Emily Junk in "Pitch Perfect 3" (2017). She released two singles in 2017: "Most Girls" in April, which peaked at number 58 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in the United States, and "Let Me Go" in September, a collaboration with Swedish record producer Alesso featuring backup vocals from Florida Georgia Line and Republic Records songwriter Andrew Watt, which reached number 14 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart. In December 2017, it was confirmed that Steinfeld will be the opening act for Charlie Puth's Voicenotes Tour. In March 2018, Steinfeld revealed that she is "wrapping up" work on her debut studio album. Steinfeld then featured the song "Colour" with MNEK on June 1.  In late 2018, Steinfeld starred in the "Transformers" spin-off film "Bumblebee". At the same time, she provided the voice of Gwen Stacy/Spider-Woman in the Academy Award-winning animated film "." On November 2 of that year, her song "Back to Life" was released as a single from the soundtrack of the film. Steinfeld was cast to star as Emily Dickinson in the Apple TV+ period comedy series "Dickinson," which aired on November 1, 2019.  In September 2018, she was featured on Logic's album YSIV, on the song "Ordinary Day".  In January 2019, she featured on the remix of "Woke Up Late" by Drax Project. In August 2019, she was featured on the music video for Benny Blanco and Juice Wrld's single "Graduation", along with various actors and singers, including Justice Smith, Dove Cameron, Tony Revolori, Peyton List and Lil Dicky. She appeared in a cameo as one of the recruited Angels in the 2019 film "Charlie's Angels".  Steinfeld has released two singles in 2020, "Wrong Direction" and "I Love You's". The tracks act as the first and second singles, respectively, from her EP "Half Written Story", which was released on May 8, 2020. The EP serves as the first part of a two-part project, with the second part to be released in the summer of 2020.

Activism and charity.

Steinfeld has endorsed a variety of charities, most of them are focused on improving children's lives. The list of charities endorsed by the actress/singer includes: "What's Your Mission?" A charitable Initiative with Mission apparel and accessories brand, "No Kid Hungry" a charity working to eradicate child hunger in the United States, WE Movement, The Ryan Seacrest Foundation, Make-A-Wish Foundation and more.  In 2016, Steinfeld participated in singing "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" with fellow singers and celebrities. The single raised money to aid New York City's homeless during the holiday season through "Robin Hood", a New York City organization that focuses on fighting poverty.  Steinfeld has made several public appearances during charity events, such as during WE Day California 19, iHeartRadio Jingle Ball 2015 tour, and Breast Cancer Foundation's 2014 Hot Pink Party.

Tours.

Opening act.

2016 2018

Hailee Steinfeld (born December 11, 1996) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. Her breakthrough role was as Mattie Ross in the drama western film "True Grit" (2010), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Thereafter, Steinfeld gained further prominence for roles in "Ender's Game" (2013), "Romeo & Juliet" (2013), "Begin Again" (2013), and "3 Days to Kill" (2014). She appeared as Emily Junk in the "Pitch Perfect" film series (2015–2017), and received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical for her role as Nadine Franklin in "The Edge of Seventeen" (2016). In 2018, she voiced Gwen Stacy / Spider-Woman in the animated film "" and starred in the action film "Bumblebee", contributing to the latter's soundtrack. Steinfeld currently stars as Emily Dickinson in the Apple TV+ series "Dickinson".

Hailee Steinfeld (* 11. Dezember 1996 in Tarzana, Los Angeles, Kalifornien) ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin und Sängerin. Bekannt wurde sie vor allem durch ihre Rolle der "Mattie Ross" im 2010 veröffentlichten Spielfilm "True Grit". Sie wurde für mehrere Filmpreise nominiert. Als Sängerin erreichte sie mit ihren Songs mehrere Chartplatzierungen.


Overview.

Founded under the Consulate, the Fine Arts Museum of Nantes receives work purchased by state and the central museum deposits (the Louvre). It takes from the 19th century where it was an important place in the French public collections through the purchase by the city of Nantes in the collection of the brothers Pierre and François Cacault. The fund, with major works, were later supplemented by several other direct or law given gifts, and a purchasing policy supported by the friends of the museum. Compounding this today adds to this rich set of deposits of work of the Regional Contemporary Art Funds of the Loire and the Centre Pompidou.  The museum offers an overview of all the main French and European art movements, which places its collections among the largest public collections of province alongside some of Museums of Fine Arts of Valenciennes, Grenoble, Lyon, Lille and Montpellier.

Origins.

It benefits in 1804 and 1809 to send to the state of 43 paintings taken from the reserves of the Central Museum. These works came from the former royal collection, from churches and convents of Paris of the revolutionary and Napoleonic conquests. But it is the purchase of the collection by the Cacault brothers by the city in 1810 that gives the museum of Nantes its riches and variety. According to an inventory conducted in 1818, the collection Cacault was then the richest collections of painting that existed outside of Paris, since it had 1,155 paintings, 64 sculptures, and 134 collections of prints.  It was not until 1830 that the collections were presented to the public on the floor of the hall with paintings (located on the street of Feltre to the sight of the old market of Feltre) This space quickly proved to be too small. In 1891, the city decided to build a designed to preserve and present them to the public in good conditions. A square plot near the school and the botanical garden, is chosen to host the future Palace of Fine Arts. The project was in the public competition as the “museum of paintings and sculptures.”

Architecture.

Building from 1893.

The winner, the original Nantes architect Clement-Marie Josso, designed the plans for Palace of Fine Arts according to the principles of recent museums of Lille and Amiens. The plan was organized around a central courtyard covered with a glass roof. A dual circuit galleries and room surrounded it on two levels behind a monumental double staircase and a vaulted vestibule. The rooms on the bottom floor are lit by large windows, those on the floor have a modern overhead lighting made possible by the metal frame of the whole.  The architectural eclecticism meets the triumph of architects at the Universal Exhibition of 1900 (inauguration year of the museum) and take their revenge on the engineers of the 1889. The small hole between the Ionic columns hold art allegories and architecture in the middle on top of the entry door.  This monument of the late 19th century, the museum was able to fit the chronological presentation of enriched collections. Meanwhile, an ambitious temporary exhibition allows the spread of heritage and contemporary creation. From 1985 to 1990, the building also housed the bulk of the funds from municipal library of the city before it was finally installed in the new Jacques Demy-media library which was located on the.

Future Museum of Arts.

In 2011, the museum was closed for a maximum of 2 years to make major expansion work to increase its area to 17,000 m2, versus 11,400 m2, and to enclose the chapel of the Oratory (serving as a place of temporary exhibitions for the museum) nearby, constructing new buildings according to the plans of the architect, British Stanton Williams, instead of commercial constructions. This work includes: the expansion of 2,500 m2 for exhibition area (mainly dedicated to contemporary art), the development of an auditorium of 180 seats in the patio, improving access to the entire building, and the reception staff to more appropriate premises. However, the discovery of significant water pipes at the construction site delayed progress, forcing architects to change their plans and adding an additional cost of 10 million euros. For all the exhibition spaces, reopening of the museum will finally take place in December 2016, after 3 years of delay while the former work schedule planned to reopen in two phases: 2016 and 2018 extension for the historic building.  As a result of the transformation of the urban community in the metropolis, the museum became the Metropolitan on 1 January 2015.

During Jules Dupré.

Location: 47 ° 13 '10 "N 1 ° 32' 52" W  Jules-Dupré course is a paved road that connects Georges Clemenceau St. to Gambetta St. along the west side of the museum. The entry is from the beginning, limited by gates at each end to allow exclusive use by the museum.  Its name, decided in 1899, is a tribute to the painter Jules Dupré (1811-1889.)  The boundary of the protected area of Nantes goes through the middle of the road. The Fine Arts Museum is not part of the protected area

Collection.

Artworks in the collection include paintings from the 13th century to modern art by painter such as:

The Fine Arts Museum of Nantes, along with 14 other provincial museums, was created, by consular decree on 14 Fructidor in year IX (31 August 1801). Today the museum is one of the largest museums in the region.

Das Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes (2017 wiedereröffnet als Musée d’Arts de Nantes; deutsch "Kunstmuseum Nantes") ist ein französisches Museum in der Innenstadt von Nantes, Region Pays de la Loire. Es zeigt Kunst vom 13. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart.


Early life and surrealism.

Gascoyne was born in Harrow the eldest of the three sons of Leslie Noel Gascoyne (1886–1969), a bank clerk, and his wife, Winifred Isobel, née Emery (1890–1972). His mother, a niece of the actors Cyril Maude and Winifred Emery, was one of two young women present when dramatist W. S. Gilbert died in his lake at Grim's Dyke in May 1911. Gascoyne grew up in England and Scotland and attended Salisbury Cathedral School and Regent Street Polytechnic in London. He spent part of the early 1930s in Paris.  His first book, "Roman Balcony and Other Poems", was published in 1932, when he was sixteen. A novel, "Opening Day", was published the following year. However, it was "Man's Life is This Meat" (1936), which collected his early surrealist work and translations of French surrealists, and "Hölderlin's Madness" (1938) that established his reputation. These publications, together with his 1935 "A Short Survey of Surrealism" and his work on the 1936 London International Surrealist Exhibition, which he helped to organise, made him one of a small group of English surrealists that included Hugh Sykes Davies and Roger Roughton. At this exhibition Gascoyne had to rescue Salvador Dalí from the deep-sea diving suit—that Dalí had worn to give his lecture—using a spanner.

Political outlook.

Gascoyne was an active anti-fascist, taking part in several protests against the British Union of Fascists in London's East End. Gascoyne joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1936 and travelled to Spain, where he broadcast some radio talks for the Barcelona-based propaganda ministry. However, he soon became disillusioned with the treatment of the POUM and the Spanish Anarchists by the Communists, and left the party. Gascoyne had become friends with Charles Madge and through him became involved in the Mass Observation movement.  The diaries Gascoyne kept for six years from 1936 put forward a kind of existentialist auto-criticism, recording with great honesty his acute emotional and spiritual crises, his struggle to accept his sexual identity as a homosexual, and his affairs. Apart from his involvement with communism and Mass-Observation, he had friendships with Dylan Thomas, Kathleen Raine, Lawrence Durrell, Henry Miller and others. Also apparent is a strong engagement with existentialist philosophy.  Later, interviewed for the book "Authors Take Sides on the Falklands", Gascoyne expressed strong opposition to the Falklands War.

Later life and works.

Gascoyne spent the years just before World War II in Paris, where he became friendly with Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, André Breton, Paul Éluard and Pierre Jean Jouve. His poetry of this period was published in "Poems 1937–1942" (1943) with illustrations by the artist Graham Sutherland.  His poem "Requiem", dedicated to the future victims of war, was written to be set to music by his friend Priaulx Rainier. Her "Requiem" was premiered in 1956. She died on Gascoyne's 70th birthday, 10 October 1986.  Gascoygne returned to France after the war and lived there on and off until the mid-1960s. His work from the 1950s appeared in "A Vagrant and Other Poems" (1950), and "Night Thoughts" (1956). This later work had moved away from surrealism towards a more metaphysical and religious poetry.  After suffering a mental breakdown, Gascoyne returned to England and spent the rest of his life on the Isle of Wight. He appears to have written little from that point on. Publication continued due to various "rediscoveries" of his works, with a number of collections and selections of his work from Oxford University Press, Enitharmon and other imprints. Two books of his journals were returned to him after being lost for some time and were published in two separate volumes by Alan Clodd at Enitharmon Press. When a third book was found, a collection including the additional material was edited by Lucien Jenkins for Skoob Books Publishing. For this Gascoyne himself provided what he called a "postface", one of the most extended pieces of writing from his later years.  It was in Whitecroft Hospital on the Isle of Wight that Gascoyne met his wife, Judy Lewis, in a remarkable coincidence. Judy explains: They married in 1975. David Gascoyne died on 25 November 2001 at the age of 85.

Reputation.

In a poetic landscape dominated by W. H. Auden and other more political and social poets, the surrealist group tended to be overlooked by critics and public alike. He, among others, was lampooned by Dylan Thomas in "Letter to my Aunt." Although "Poems 1937–1942" (illustrated by Graham Sutherland and edited by Tambimuttu) received critical acclaim at the time, it was only with the renewed interest in experimental writing associated with the British Poetry Revival that their work began to be rediscovered and discussed. His "Collected Poems" appeared in 1988 and his work was included in the Revival anthology "Conductors of Chaos" (1996).  In later years, Gascoyne himself seemed remarkably resigned to the fact that he had not altogether achieved in poetry what he had set out to achieve when young, and had not sustained his remarkable early promise. He was nevertheless pleased whenever he received critical notice. When in his later years his attention was drawn to a balanced assessment of his work by Martin Seymour-Smith in that poet and critic's immense "Guide to Modern World Literature" (Macmillan), he was gratified both by the tone of the commentary and by the assertion that he was still widely read.

David Gascoyne (10 October 1916 – 25 November 2001) was an English poet associated with the Surrealist movement. He also translated work by French surrealist poets.

David Gascoyne (* 10. Oktober 1916 in Harrow; † 25. November 2001 in Newport, Isle of Wight) war ein britischer Dichter, Übersetzer und Künstler, der mit der surrealistischen Bewegung verbunden war.


Simon Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Aspley Guise

Family and education.

Wolfson's great-grandfather, Solomon Wolfson, was a Polish cabinet-maker who settled in Glasgow and had nine children, one of whom was Sir Isaac Wolfson, Simon's great uncle, who made his fortune through Great Universal Stores. Wolfson's father, David Wolfson, was chairman of Next and a Conservative life peer.  Wolfson is the eldest of three siblings. He attended Radley College, near Abingdon, followed by studying law at Trinity College, Cambridge.

Business career.

Wolfson joined Next as its most highly paid sales consultant ever, in its Kensington branch in 1991 for several weeks, the year his father was granted his peerage. The following year, he was taken on as assistant to Next's chief executive, David Jones. Wolfson was elevated within the company rapidly, being appointed to the board of directors in 1997, culminating in his appointment as chief executive in August 2001 but leading at least one city analyst to make allegations of nepotism. At the age of 33, this made him the youngest chief executive of a FTSE 100 company. He was one of the first businesspeople to predict the 2008–9 economic crisis.

Relationship with staff.

In 2013, he waived his £2.4 million bonus and gave it to the staff of Next who had been with the company since 2010. Wolfson earned £4.6m in 2013 at a time when the average pay of Next employees was £10,000. This led the GMB trade union supported by Paul Heaton to tour Next shops presenting anti-social behaviour awards to managers for their failure to provide a living wage. In 2014, for a second successive year, Wolfson waived his bonus and distributed it among staff, sharing some £3.8m. In May "Retail Week" reported that Next staff would be up to £1000 a year worse off after the company decided not to pay a premium for staff working on a Sunday. Those refusing a change of employment terms were allegedly told they risked being made redundant. The GMB union accused Wolfson of having a "total disregard for family life." In April 2017, the salaries of some of Next's most senior staff were cut following a 3.8% fall in profits though Wolfson's salary was raised by 1%.

Approach.

Wolfson is focused on numbers, logic and reason. He is wary of stories that are “anecdotally true but empirically false”.

Political views.

Wolfson is a prominent supporter of the Conservative Party, having donated to David Cameron's campaign in the 2005 leadership election and co-chaired the party's Economic Competitiveness policy review. He was named by "The Daily Telegraph" as the 37th-most important British conservative in 2007. He was one of 35 signatories to an open letter calling on the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, to press ahead with the coalition government's plans to reduce the public finance deficit in one term in the face of opposition.  On 18 June 2010, Wolfson was created Baron Wolfson of Aspley Guise, "of Aspley Guise in the County of Bedfordshire", and was introduced in the House of Lords on 6 July 2010. As of March 2019; he has not attended the house since October 2018; has a less than average attendance record for the House, and has spoken in the House on only 3 occasions since his entering the House in 2010, well below average for the House.  He voted loyally to the Conservatives in favour of working tax credit cuts in October 2015.

Views on Brexit.

Wolfson has been described as the businessman most in favour of Brexit, calling for radical change to prevent a long period of low growth. Talking to "The Times", he predicted a very difficult 2016 for Next though he blamed a change in customer spending habits rather than uncertainty surrounding Brexit. Following the success of the Leave campaign, whilst most businessmen urged the Government not to rush proceedings, Wolfson said Britain's success now depended on the tone of trade negotiations, including with China, India and other global economies. However, in January 2017 Wolfson, who had warned the UK economy would collapse if the government failed to get trade agreements in place said the Government should declare its negotiating objectives and not rush things. Wolfson also blamed a "far worse than expected" slump in Next's share price and the issuing of a profit warning, on customers preferring non-clothing Christmas presents. The company, whose share price halved in 2016, warned that the Brexit devaluation would add 5% to prices and lead to further reduction in business.

Open Europe.

In December 2016, Wolfson was appointed to the Chair of the Open Europe think-tank.

The Wolfson Economics Prize.

Wolfson is the founder of the £250,000 Wolfson Economics Prize.

Personal life.

Wolfson married Eleanor Shawcross in London in 2012. She is 14 years younger than he, and her career included working for 8 years as George Osborne's economic adviser. They had a son in 2013/14.  He owns houses in London and Aspley Guise.

Simon Adam Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Aspley Guise (born 27 October 1967) is a British businessman and currently chief executive of the clothing retailer Next plc and a Conservative life peer. He is the son of former Next chairman David Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Sunningdale, also a Conservative life peer. His full title, as recorded in the House of Lords (which reserves the prefix "Right Honourable" for members of the Privy Council) is "The Lord Wolfson of Aspley Guise".

Simon Adam Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Aspley Guise (* 27. Oktober 1967 in London) ist ein britischer Geschäftsmann und seit 2001 Chief Executive des Einzelhandelsunternehmens Next sowie Life Peer (Lord) der Conservative Party. Er ist der Sohn von David Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Sunningdale, der ebenfalls Life Peer der Conservative Party ist.


Launch.

The car was unveiled at a test in Valencia on 23 January 2008, a week before the car's official launch, driven by Rubens Barrichello. The car was officially unveiled at the team's operational headquarters in Brackley, England.  For the 2008 season, the Honda F1 team named Ross Brawn as team principal and also announced a new deputy technical director in the form of former BMW Sauber chief designer Jörg Zander.  For the 2008 season, the team retained their drivers from the previous two seasons, Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello. Honda also recruited Alexander Wurz from Williams, although the veteran Austrian had announced his retirement from race driving in 2007, but Wurz could not turn down the prospect of working alongside Ross Brawn. Honda also confirmed that their young driver line up will include 2006 British Formula 3 Champion Mike Conway and Italian Luca Filippi.

2008 season.

Testing.

The RA108 had been a constant mid to rear end car in 2008 testing with Jenson Button saying the car lacked "driveability" as the drivers and team adapted the RA108 to new rules. For the 2008 season, the FIA implemented rules that required all teams to use one gearbox for four races and a standard McLaren Electronic Systems ECU that prevents the use of driving aids such as traction control and engine braking. Ross Brawn had already said the team had a better chance for the 2009 Formula One season as the regulations for 2009 would be totally new.  Button commented on how positively the team developed the RA108. At their final week of testing at the Jerez Circuit in Spain, the team added new aerodynamics, with most of the wings being revised. Head of Race and Test Engineering, Steve Clark, believed the car was a clear step forward.  In the testing in Paul Ricard before the Monaco Grand Prix, a second revision of the "dumbo" wings on the nose, first introduced in the Spanish Grand Prix, was introduced.

The Honda RA108 was the Formula One racing car with which Honda Racing F1 contested the 2008 Formula One season. The car was driven by teammates Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello. Following the departure of Honda from the sport at the end of 2008 and the sale of the team to team principal Ross Brawn in 2009, the RA108 was the last car produced by the Brackley-based team to bear the Honda name and the last Formula One car powered by a Honda engine until 2015, when Honda re-entered the sport as an engine supplier to power the McLaren MP4-30.

Der Honda RA108 war der zwölfte und letzte Formel-1-Rennwagen von Honda. Der von Loïc Bigois und Jörg Zander konstruierte Wagen nahm an allen 18 Rennen der Formel-1-Saison 2008 teil, wurde vom Briten Jenson Button sowie dem Brasilianer Rubens Barrichello gesteuert und fuhr einen dritten Platz heraus – wodurch das Team in der Konstrukteurswertung mit 14 Punkten den neunten Platz von elf belegte. Als V8-Motor wurde der "RA808E" eingesetzt, der bei einem Gewicht von 95 kg eine Leistung von 747 bhp bei 19.000/min erzielte. Die Lebensdauer des Aggregats wurde mit 1350 km angegeben.


Overview.

The novels chronicle the adventures of a Dwarven Slayer named Gotrek Gurnisson and his poet/insurrectionist companion, Felix Jaeger. As a Slayer, Gotrek seeks a glorious death in battle to atone for his unknown sins. Felix, bound to him by a Dwarven blood-oath sworn after a drinking binge, is tasked with writing and recording his heroic exploits and ultimately his death. Felix, however, has long since come to adopt the opinion that "anything capable of killing the Slayer would finish me off shortly afterwards". Together they have travelled the length and breadth of the Old World and beyond, fighting against all manners of evil from orcs to undead to the forces of Chaos so that Gotrek might finally fulfill his Slayer Oath by dying in battle.  As well as appearing in the novels they have also been incorporated into the Warhammer Fantasy Battle game appearing initially as special characters in the 4th edition Dwarf army book and then gaining rules as a regiment of renown in the 6th edition of the game. The characters also make an appearance in the Warhammer Fantasy MMORPG.

Books.

Audio dramas.

Gotrek and Felix make (small) appearances in many Warhammer Army books during the fourth edition of the game as well as an old version of the magic rulebook for Warhammer Fantasy Battles:

Other.

Several characters introduced in the Gotrek and Felix series are featured in their own novels:

See also.

Black Library

Gotrek and Felix is a series of novels in the "Warhammer Fantasy" setting by William King, Nathan Long, Josh Reynolds, and David Guymer.

Gotrek und Felix ist eine Fantasyromanreihe die im Universum von Warhammer Fantasy spielt. Die Reihe wurde 1999 ursprünglich von William King begonnen, später aber von anderen Autoren weitergeführt.


History.

"Taormina" was built in 1908 by D. & W. Henderson Ltd. of Glasgow for the Italia Soc. di Navigazione a Vapore, known as the Italia Line. "Taormina" sailed on her maiden voyage from Genoa to New York and Philadelphia beginning on 3 September 1908. In 1909, accommodations for 120 first-class passengers were added, and in 1910, her accommodations were again reconfigured so as to carry 60 first-class and 120 second-class passengers.  After beginning her last Italia Line voyage on 16 December 1911, "Taormina" was taken over by Lloyd Italiano in 1912 and put in Genoa–New York service. When Lloyd Italiano, first purchased by Navigazione Generale Italiana (NGI) in 1911, was completely absorbed in 1918, "Taormina" began sailing under the NGI banner.  In July 1918, "Taormina" was chartered for one voyage as a United States troopship. On 26 July, "Taormina", loaded with 2,680 officers and men, departed for France in the company of U.S. Navy transports and. The group met up with Navy transports and, and the Italian steamers and from Newport News, Virginia. American cruisers and, and destroyers and escorted the transports. On 2 August, "Finland" developed engine trouble and fell back from the convoy, but by the next day, she and a destroyer that stayed with her had rejoined the convoy. The convoy arrived in Brest on 7 August. "Taormina" arrived back in the United States on 20 August, ending her one U.S. troopship voyage.  In 1919, "Taormina" was put on the Genoa–Marseille–New York route, making her last voyage on 8 August 1923. In 1927, she returned to the same route for one roundtrip voyage. She was scrapped at Savona in 1929.

SS "Taormina" was an Italian ocean liner for the Italia Line, Lloyd Italiano, and Navigazione Generale Italiana. The ship was named after Taormina, Sicily. Launched in 1908, she sailed from Genoa to New York and Philadelphia for most of her career. During World War I she was employed as a troopship carrying United States troops to France for one voyage in July 1918. She was scrapped in 1929.

Die Taormina war ein 1908 in Dienst gestellter italienischer Transatlantik-Passagierdampfer, der nacheinander drei Reedereien gehörte und zwischen Italien und den Vereinigten Staaten verkehrte. 1923 wurde das Schiff außer Dienst gestellt und sechs Jahre später verschrottet.