History.

Planning.

Proposals for an airport serving Molde were first put forward in 1940. Following the German occupation of Norway, Luftwaffe was interested in building an airfield to cover the county of Møre og Romsdal. They considered two sites—Årø and the island of Gossen in Aukra. The latter was selected, resulting in the construction of Aukra Airport, Gossen with its wooden runway. Following the end of the war, a civilian commission looked into building an civilian, central airport for the county. It concluded that Gossen was a suitable site as it was flat and situated between the major towns of Ålesund and Molde. Significant investments had been made and the cost of converting the facility to a civilian airport would be low. However, there was some opposition to the plans. There were complaints that the airport was located too far from Kristiansund and Ålesund and that the county would be best served with multiple airports. Parliament approved the airport at Gossen in 1952.  West Norway Airlines established a seaplane route from Bergen via Ålesund, Molde and Kristiansund to Trondheim in 1950. In Molde it operated out of a water airport situated at the port in the town center. The airline proposed in 1954 that four short take-off and landing airports be built along the coast, including one in Molde. They hoped to serve these using Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneers. Årø was the preferred site, although Langmyren was also considered. However, the aircraft were not approved by the authorities, mostly because of an insufficient de-icing system. This resulted in that the plans for Ålesund Airport, Vigra to be prioritized, and soon the site was upgraded to primary airport, allowing it to open on 7 June 1958. West Norway Airlines closed shut down its flights from Molde after the 1956 season.  As a response, Molde Municipality established an airport committee in September 1958 and bought land at Årø, which at the time was located in the municipality of Bolsøy. Led by merchant Petter Pettersson, it proposed the construction of a runway, allowing it to handle Braathens SAFE's Fokker F-27 Friendships. At this time Molde Municipality was free to build a municipal airport, granted it followed safety regulations. This required trial landings, but due to limited capacity these were not conducted by the Civil Aviation Administration until October 1961. By then the rules had changed and airports needed a state concession to operate. A government airport commission was approved in 1962, placing all local airport plans on hold. The commission recommended that new safety margins be introduced, forcing a larger plot of land to be acquired. The effected land owners were not interested in selling, forcing the municipality to expropriate the land. The issue was not finalized until the Supreme Court came with a final ruling in favor of the municipality.  The state commission considered several locations which could serve Molde and Kristiansund, either jointly or by building two airports. Discarded sites included Gossen, Ytre Fræna, Henda in Averøy, Osmarka and Tingvoll. Only Årø and Kvernberget in Kristiansund were found suitable, with pivoting emphasis laid on their vicinity to their respective town centers. The commission concluded in 1964 that Kristiansund would receive the highest priority, along with Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes. Molde was ranked third.  Molde Municipality accepted the priority, but determined in June 1965 that they were free to finance an airport themselves. The municipal administration started working on plans and on 26 April 1966 Braathens SAFE confirmed that the airline was willing to connect Molde to Oslo, Trondheim and Bergen. Årø was aided in 1968 when the Civil Aviation Administration altered the priority of the airports, placing Molde at the top. It cited lower investments, stipulated at 13.2 million Norwegian krone rather than 22.4 million for Kvernberget. The municipality contacted contractor Olav T. Meisinger, who came with a bid for the leveling of the site. The municipality secured a loan from Kommunal Landspensjonskasse and applied the Ministry of Transport and Communications in 1969 for permission to start construction. They stated they were neutral, while the Ministry of Local Government was positive. By then construction of Kristiansand Airport, Kvernberget was already under way, with the airport opening on 30 June 1970. There was a certain amount of controversy regarding the construction of Molde Airport. This would leave a smaller catchment area for the two airports, which could jeopardize good services from the region as a whole.

Construction.

Ground work was contracted to Olav T. Meisingset & Co., with work commencing in early 1969. They used 110,000 man-hours to move of earthwork. This involved filling in part of Moldefjorden, although the moraine ground eased the work. At the most thirty people were working on the project. When the groundwork was completed, there was interest from private aircraft to land. They were only held off by placing construction equipment strategically along the runway. After the asphalt was laid in 1970, the first such aircraft landed. They continued to use the aerodrome during the winter, without any official permission, yet without the airport authority taking any action to hinder the use. The first official landing was a test flight flown by the CAA on 17 March 1971. Next work commenced on the terminal, operations building and control tower. The main contractor was Arne Moen.  Airport employees started their new jobs on 1 March 1972. The same day Braathens SAFE opened a ticket office at Godtfred Lies plass in downtown Molde. The office also handled local sale of tickets for Widerøe. The official opening of the airport took place on 5 April and was attended by between seven and eight thousand people. The airport initially had fourteen employees. At the time of opening the instrument landing system was not yet installed. A non-directional beacon was installed on Tautra and a visual approach slope indicator at the runway. Later in 1972 two localizers were installed. The airport received a café.

Early operational history.

The airport was dimensioned to handle one Fokker F-27 Friendship at a time. These aircraft were used by Braathens SAFE on both the coastal routes and the services to the capital. The 1972 summer routes involved three daily services to Oslo Airport, Fornebu, including one with a stop-over in Ålesund. Some of the larger routes instead were flown using the Fokker F-28 Fellowship. There were also three daily services on the coastal route. In cases when Ålesund Airport, Vigra was closed, Braathens would land their larger 124-seat Boeing 737-200s at Årø, making the terminal feel cramped.  Braathens SAFE were awarded the routes to the three primary airports in Møre og Romsdal as part of an arrangement where they split the primary market between themselves and Scandinavian Airlines System. Ålesund had by far the most traffic, about three times that of Molde and Kristiansund. Because they had to operate to three airports in close vicinity, they were unable to operate profitably from any of them. The services were cross-subsidized by the airline being granted monopolies on other routes with higher ridership and profitable operations.  Molde Aero Klubb was established on 6 October 1972. It initially had limited activity and did not have its own aircraft until November 1984. However, many of its members owned their own aircraft. Møre Flyklubb based its Piper Cherokees at Årø. In the first full year of operation—1973—the airport handled 70,227 passengers. Construction of oil platforms was carried out in Åndalsnes during the 1970s, leadingto frequent use of the airport by business jets. To bypass two ferry rides, a seaplane base was built at Årø to allow for connecting flights to the yard.  Increased ridership caused Braathens SAFE to replace all its F-27 turboprops with larger F-28 turbojets out of Molde from 1 June 1976. F-28s had until then only been used on Oslo-bound flights via Ålesund to Oslo, as well as on some coastal services. Travel time on direct Oslo flights was cut by 25 minutes. During the late 1970s Braathens SAFE introduced the Boeing 737 on the Oslo flights. Meanwhile, a court case was raised by thirty-four neighbors who demanded compensation due to noise pollution. Nineteen of these were awarded compensation by the court in 1998.  Ownership and operation of the airport passed from the municipality to the state, through the Civil Aviation Administration, in 1978. This led to more manning of the facility. The airport increased from three to four shifts—increasing its opening hours—and also increased the number of people per shift from three to four. New ground vehicles were also bought. Ridership fell the first years after the opening, and not until 90,063 passengers passed through the airport in 1978 did patronage exceed the 1973 figures. The first major project initiated by the CAA was the construction of a maintenance building. The municipality had let snowplows and other equipment stay parked outdoors, causing them to dilapidate into a state of disrepair. The structure opened in 1980. The apron for general aviation was expanded simultaneously.  The CAA's next investment was a new passenger terminal. It included amenities such as a baggage carousel—allowing passengers for the first time to pick up their baggage indoors. With 106,823 passengers in 1982, the airport exceeded the six-digit mark for the first time. A parachute club, Molde Fallskjermklubb, was founded in 1985.  Busy Bee started flights to Molde on 3 March 1980, using a F-27 to fly post to Oslo. Passengers were introduced on these flights from 1985. Braathens SAFE sold their F-28s in 1986. The West Coast route saw only an average 32 passengers to and from Bergen and Stavanger, and 23 to Kristiansund per day. Too small for Boeings, Braathens subcontracted the operations to is regional affiliate, Busy Bee, from March 1986. Patronage to Oslo increased sufficiently that Braathens the same year eliminated all stop-overs in Ålesund. The first proposals for charter flights were launched by Gullivers Reisebyrå in January 1986. They intended to fly a connecting flight to Oslo Airport, Gardermoen and from there onwards to the Mediterranean. Although a contract was signed with Busy Bee, noting came of the plans due to limited interest. Widerøe withdrew from services at Molde in 1987.  An airport coach service was introduced on 4 January 1988. The same year the CAA announced plans to build a new terminal and operations building. Traffic grew rapidly during the 1980s and hit 173,530 passengers that year. Meanwhile, there was a discussion if there was need for both Årø and Kvernberget, and both airports were proposed closed. However, the move was never official from either the CAA nor any political agencies and was confined to speculations in the press. The background for was the 1991 opening of the Kristiansand Fixed Link, which removed the ferry between the two towns.  The airport was partially flooded on 19 January 1989 when Årlelva breached its banks. The riverbed was subsequently moved and areas was freed up to allow for more parking, both on the air and land side. The airport partook in a major military exercise in 1991. The discussion regarding the airport's future was sealed on 6 April 1992 when the CAA announced the construction of a new terminal. Work commenced later that year and Braathens SAFE followed up with the construction of a freight terminal. The CAA invested NOK 54 million, of which 30 million was for the terminal. The airport was closed for a week in September 1993 to re-asphalt the runway and move systems to the new terminal, which opened on 13 September. It was designed to handle 300,000 passengers per year and had three gates. In addition to larger arrival and departure halls, offices were provided for car rental companies. After the official opening took place on 14 October, the old terminal building was demolished to make way for more parking.

Deregulation.

Traffic hit 201,864 passengers in 1993. That year Busy Bee folded and their regional routes were taken over by Norwegian Air Shuttle, using the Fokker 50. The airline market was deregulated on 1 April 1994; thereafter any airline was free to fly any route in Norway. SAS chose initially to not take up the competition with Braathens out of Molde, and the only immediate effect was a slight hike in ticket prices. Later that year Braathens increased from three to four daily services to Oslo Airport, Fornebu. An air show was held at the airport on 30 June 1996, but it proved a failure due to overcast weather. The control tower was upgraded in 1997. As an interim solution a temporary tower was erected to serve in its place.  From 1 September 1997 security controls were introduced on a limited number of domestic passengers and all international passengers. This led to the physical separation of the check-in and departure halls. For passengers this had a dramatic effect on travel times. Passengers without check-in baggage had previously been able to meet at the airport five to ten minutes before boarding time and reach their aircraft. Security controls became a bottle-neck, with peaks just before departures and otherwise minimal traffic. Long queues were commonplace.  Molde FK had a good spell in European football before and after the turn of the millennium. Chartered aircraft with players and supporters attending games at Molde stadion normally constituted the bulk of international passengers at the airport in these years. The Danish carriers Muk Air and Scan Con Airways flew charter services from Molde to Aalborg Airport and Thisted Airport, respectively during the summer of 2000. Muk operated a Shorts 360 while Scan Con operated an Embraer 110 Bandeirante. The airport served 311,988 passengers that year, but fell the following years as part of the general slump in the aviation market.  Braathens was bought by SAS and became part of the SAS Group on 1 September 2002. That day SAS Ground Services took over ground handling at the airport. SAS Commuter look over Norwegian Air Shuttle's regional routes on 31 March 2003. Norwegian instead relaunched itself as a low-cost carrier. It opened a route from Molde to Oslo using a Boeing 737-300 from 19 June. It flew once a day during the afternoon. Although featuring low prices, its inconvenient time slot left it with few passengers, especially business travelers. Norwegian pulled out of the route in January 2004. The first inclusive tour (IT) charter was started by Apollo on 14 June to Crete. It was flown weekly by a Boeing 737-700 operated by Braathens. Combined the football and IT charters drew 3,037 international passengers to the airport in 2003.  Molde's first airline was Classic Norway Air, established with a Jetstream 31 in 2004. Its business idea was to fly tourists staying at their resorts in Romsdal. Braathens merged with Scandinavian Airlines in Norway to create SAS Braathens that year. They introduced Molde's first international route, to Barcelona, six Sundays starting 20 June. Work on the gas terminal at Nyhamna in Gossen started in May 2004. With many construction workers from other parts of the country and abroad, it brought an increase to traffic at the airport. Most of this flying was subcontracted to Atlantic Airways. They flew up to two daily charter flights to Gdańsk as well as weekly services to Inverness, Newcastle, Billund, Bergen, Stord and Stavanger.  IT charter services to Las Palmas commenced on 28 October 2005. Work on a new operations building started in December, costing 60 million kroner. Coast Air introduced services from Molde to Haugesund, Bergen and Trondheim in 2006 and West Air Sweden won the contract to fly the post. SAS Braathens had by then increased to five daily flights to Oslo and reached a load factor of ninety percent.  Work on the extension of the runway started on 31 January 2007, involving the moving of of earthwork. The runway was extended westwards, causing a new ILS system to be installed in that direction. Costing 57 million kroner, the work saw the strip extended by to. The extension opened on 1 July 2008. Although this allowed for longer take-off runs, the landing distances were unaffected. This allows the airport to serve as large aircraft as the Boeing 757-200 on a trans-Atlantic route.  Vildanden introduced a daily service to Skien Airport, Geiteryggen on 26 February 2007. They never reached their target ridership and terminated the route in November. With the completion of Nyhamna in the summer, ridership at the airport began to fall, dropping by 110,000 in 2008. Ving and Star Tour introduced winter IT charters to Las Palmas from October. This spurred the need for a larger terminal, with construction starting in March 2008. When completed, it could handle a full 180-seat Boeing 737-800 at both the domestic and international sections simultaneously. It also featured a duty-free shop.  Centralwings started a scheduled service to Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport and Warsaw Airport on 18 February 2009. Unstable use caused it to be terminated in April. Norwegian resumed flights from Oslo to Molde on 20 August, this time using their 737-800s twice daily. SAS responded by reducing their services from five to three daily flights. Norwegian thereafter, from 1 September, introduced a third daily service. Between them ridership increased by twenty percent. Røros Flyservice was established at the airport to provide ground handling for Norwegian.  SAS terminated its Trondheim service from 1 February 2010. Within days Krohn Air was established to operate the route, using a wet leased 32-passenger Dornier Do 328. SAS Commuter terminated its West Coast operations on June 2010 and transferred these to Widerøe, who introduced 50- and 74-seat Bombardier Dash 8-300s and -400, respectively. Korhn Air introduced flights to Bergen from 31 August. It followed up in September with flights to Stavanger Airport, Sola. Both the Stavanger and Bergen flights were unprofitable and terminated on 19 November 2010.  A further terminal extension was completed in 2012, consisting of, mostly as a new second story. Of this, features a duty-free store. Krohn Air ceased all operations on 4 February 2014, and filed for bankruptcy the following day. Widerøe commenced flights on the Molde–Trondheim route from 1 September 2014. Wizz Air introduced two weekly flights from Gdańsk Airport to Molde starting 30 March 2015.

Facilities.

Molde Airport is situated along Moldefjorden at Årø, from the town center. Owned and operated by the state-owned Avinor, it is the sole airport with scheduled services in Romsdal. It features an asphalt runway with physical dimensions aligned 07/25. It has a takeoff run available (TORA) of on runways 07 and 25, respectively, and a landing distance available (LDA) of. It is equipped with a category I instrument landing system in both directions. The airport is equipped with category 7 fire and rescue service. There is no parallel taxiway. The airport resides at a reference elevation of above mean sea level.  About 200 people work at the airport. It has opening hours from 05:30 to 23:00. There is parking for 600 cars. The airport is situated immediately off European Road E39. There is apron parking for six jetliners, as well as a general aviation area.  The departures area has two dining sites and a duty-free store. The operations building measures and consists of offices, the fire station, garages and workshops. Aviation fuel is provided by Shell. Jetpak SAS Cargo owns a freight terminal, situated between the passenger terminal and the operations builindg. The control tower is located on an artificial peninsula on the south side of the runway. It provides aerodrome flight information service. The air space around the airport is controlled by Vigra Approach.

Airlines and destinations.

The busiest route out of Molde are services to Oslo, which are flown by both Scandinavian Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle, both with three daily round trips using Boeing 737s. Regional carrier Widerøe flies multiple daily trips to Trondheim and Bergen, suing Bombardier Dash 8s. Wizz Air flies twice weekly to Gdańsk. Molde is also an important airport for Norway Post, who fly there through West Air Sweden.  Årø served 481,406 passengers, 9,412 aircraft movements and handled 3,517 tonnes of cargo in 2014. Molde is the airport which handles the fourth-most domestic post in the country. Operation of the airport ran at a deficit of NOK 40 million in 2012.

Molde Airport, Årø (; ) is an international airport serving the town of Molde, Norway. It is situated on the shore at Årø in Molde, on the shore of the Moldefjord, east of town center. The airport's catchment area covers the district of Romsdal.

Der Flughafen Molde-Arø (); Kenndaten: IATA: MOL, ICAO: ENML, liegt in Årø, einem Vorort der Stadt Molde in Norwegen, am Nordufer des Moldefjords. Der Flughafen bedient die Stadt Molde und das umliegende Gebiet der Fylke Møre og Romsdal. Der Flughafen befindet sich etwa 5 Kilometer (3,1 Meilen) östlich der Stadtmitte von Molde. Er hat eine Landebahn in den Abmessungen 2200 m × 45 m. 2016 hatte der Flughafen etwa 500.000 Passagiere.


Early life.

Jiah Khan was born into a Muslim family in New York City, United States. She was the daughter of Ali Rizvi Khan, an Indian American businessman, and Rabiya Amin, a Hindi film actress in the 1980s from Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Khan's father left the family when she was two and never came back. Describing her father's absence she said "A man who left his daughter when she was two, should be hanged in public". Her paternal aunts were Pakistani actresses Sangeeta (born Parveen Rizvi) and Kaveeta (born Nasreen Rizvi). Khan grew up in London where she completed her Edexcel O level and A level with five As, before moving to Mumbai to pursue a career in Bollywood. She has two younger sisters Kavita and Karishma. She was inspired to enter Bollywood after watching Ram Gopal Verma's former protege Urmila Matondkar's movie "Rangeela" at the age of six.  Khan studied at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in Manhattan, though she quit upon receiving a movie offer. She learnt the dance forms of salsa, belly dancing, kathak, lambada, jazz, samba and reggae, along with the other forms of dancing.

Career.

In 2004, at the age of 16, Khan was signed to act in Mukesh Bhatt's "Tumsa Nahin Dekha" but backed out when both she and the director felt the role was too mature for her; she was immediately replaced by Dia Mirza. Three years later, in 2007, at the age of 18, Khan made her debut in Ram Gopal Verma's controversial romantic thriller "Nishabd", as Jia, where she acted opposite Amitabh Bachchan. Despite the provocative content in the film, it performed poorly at the box office, and earned mixed reviews from critics. Nonetheless, Khan received a mostly positive reception for her performance, with critics noting her confidence, attitude, and sex appeal. Raja Sen praised her portrayal of Jia, a seductive, free-spirited teenager, calling her performance "nuanced" and "impressive". Taran Adarsh agrees, saying that "Newcomer Jiah Khan is supremely confident. Loaded with attitude and sex appeal, the newcomer carries off her part with flourish. Her scenes with Bachchan are superb!" Rajeev Masand adds that she is "perfectly cast" for the film. She was also nominated for a Filmfare Best Female Debut Award, however lost to Deepika Padukone for Om Shanti Om.  The following year, she appeared alongside Aamir Khan and Asin in A.R. Murugadoss's psychological thriller "Ghajini", the Hindi remake of its namesake. She played Sunita, a medical student who investigates the history of Sanjay Singhania, portrayed by Aamir Khan. The film gathered much appreciation from critics, and went on to become the highest grossing Bollywood film of 2008. Khan's performance attracted mixed reviews, with critics agreeing that her role was "sketchy". Despite this, Sukanya Verma compliments her performance, commenting that Khan "continues to strike as an exquisite and expressive actress."  In 2010, Khan had almost completed the shooting of the dance film "Chance Pe Dance" opposite Shahid Kapoor when the director Ken Ghosh asked her to leave the film and was replaced by Genelia D'Souza. The director said that she got over-friendly with Kapoor and was not doing her job well. However, after the release of the film, Khan said that she was asked to leave because the director had a bad eye on her. While Kapoor said that he got to know about the replacement when D'Souza came on the set for shooting. Kapoor further said that he has no hand in the replacement of Khan. However, the film was a box office flop and Khan said that she was happy for leaving the film. That same year, Khan made her last film appearance in a supporting role as Devika K. Samtani, the ex-wife of Akshay Kumar's character, in Sajid Khan's "Housefull" with an ensemble cast including Arjun Rampal, Riteish Deshmukh, Deepika Padukone and Lara Dutta. Upon release, "Housefull" received negative reviews, though her performance was better received. Commercially the film did very well and became the highest grossing Bollywood film of the year. Khan had signed a few movies including Udhas Singh's "Aap Ka Saaya", in which she was supposed to play Ranbir Kapoor's wife. Unfortunately, this film couldn't be completed.

Death.

Khan, who was pregnant at the time, reportedly died after hanging herself from a ceiling fan, at approximately 11:45 pm in her bedroom at her family's residence in Juhu, Mumbai on Monday, 3 June 2013. Her mother, Rabiya, and sister, Kavita, were not at home.  An autopsy was performed at JJ Hospital in Byculla. Her body was then brought back to her residence around 7:00 am on Wednesday, 5 June 2013, following the post-mortem. On the same day her Namaz-e-janaza (funeral prayer) took place at Sonapur Kabar Walla Masjid and she was buried at Juhu Muslim cemetery after Dhuhr prayer per Islamic rites. Bollywood actors in attendance included Aamir Khan, Kiran Rao, Riteish Deshmukh, Siddharth Mallya, Sophie Choudry, Urvashi Dholakia, Prem Chopra, Ranjeet, Deepak Parashar, Sanjay Khan and Nagma. Bollywood stars reacted with shock at her death.  On 7 June 2013, a six-page suicide note was found by her sister. The note reportedly indicates that Khan planned to end her life. A transcript mentioning a recent abortion was released by the family. However, her mother later said the purported events did not add up and that she suspected foul play. On 8 June 2013, Khan's memorial was held at Vile Parle Medical Club to pray for Khan and her family. Bollywood actors in attendance included Aamir Khan, Deepika Padukone, Randhir Kapoor, Prateik Babbar, Sanjay Kapoor, Shweta Pandit, Kiran Rao, Urvashi Dholakia, Ranjeet, Deepak Parashar, Sanjay Khan and Nagma.  Aditya Pancholi's son Sooraj Pancholi, who was allegedly in a live-in relationship with Khan, was taken into police custody during the investigation of her suicide on 10 June 2013. The Bombay High Court granted him bail on 2 July 2013. On 3 July 2014, a year after her death, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was ordered by the High Court to further investigate the death.  The High Court held a hearing on the matter, starting on 7 June 2016, following the Supreme Court's call to expedite the process. On 1 August 2016 the CBI ruled out murder in the case. As per its investigations, the cause of Jiah's death was'suicide by hanging'. Khan's mother, Rabia, independently hired British forensics expert Jason Payne-James, who concluded in a 20 September 2016 report that Khan's hanging was staged and the marks on her face and neck indicate it was not simply suicide.  In January 2017, nearly four years after her death, the prosecution requested that charges of sexual assault and murder be laid against Sooraj Pancholi.  On 31 January 2018, nearly five years after her death, a court in Mumbai charged Sooraj Pancholi with abetting Khan's suicide. The CBI submitted a list of 69 witnesses, including Khan's mother Rabia, the complainant, with the case to begin in March 2018.

Legacy.

An episode of the TV series "Yeh Hai Aashiqui" was loosely based on Jiah Khan's suicide, with Mihika Verma and Rithvik Dhanjani playing the central characters.

Jiah Khan (born Nafisa Rizvi Khan, 20 February 1988 – 3 June 2013) was a British-American actress and singer who appeared in Hindi films. She appeared in three Hindi films from 2007 to 2010.

Jiah Khan (; * 20. Februar 1988 als "Nafisa Khan" in New York City; † 3. Juni 2013 in Mumbai, Indien) war eine indische Schauspielerin.


Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and is water. It is by far the largest city by area in Pine County.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,628 people, 582 households, and 441 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 635 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 97.0% White, 0.4% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.  There were 582 households of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 24.2% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.05.  The median age in the city was 39.1 years. 25.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.1% were from 25 to 44; 30.4% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.6% male and 47.4% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,119 people, 389 households, and 301 families living in the city. The population density was 26.0 people per square mile (10.1/km2). There were 417 housing units at an average density of 9.7 per square mile (3.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.30% White, 0.09% African American, 0.80% Native American, 0.45% Asian, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population.  There were 389 households out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. 15.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.24.  In the city, the population was spread out with 30.5% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.1 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $45,000, and the median income for a family was $48,482. Males had a median income of $33,523 versus $20,391 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,281. About 6.8% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

Rock Creek is a city in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,628 at the 2010 census. Portions of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation are located within Rock Creek.

Rock Creek ist eine Kleinstadt (mit dem Status „City“) im Pine County im US-amerikanischen Bundesstaat Minnesota. Im Jahr 2010 hatte Rock Creek 1628 Einwohner.


Background and recording.

About seven months after the release of "Black Gives Way to Blue", Alice in Chains hinted at the possibility of a fifth studio album when guitarist Jerry Cantrell told MTV News that there were thoughts and did not "see any reason why it wouldn't [happen]." Singer William DuVall also commented on the possibility of the album and Alice in Chains' future, "we've got a lot of water to sail before we do that. There's a lot of shows. But yeah, generally speaking, yeah, we're excited about the future. I don't anticipate some long layoff."  DuVall revealed in September 2010 that Alice in Chains had not begun writing their next album yet, but "there's plenty of riffs flying around." He added, "That was the case when we first started back up. We would just stockpile these fragments, and then some time later we would sift through the mountain of stuff, and that's what became "Black Gives Way to Blue". The same thing has been happening since we've been touring "Black Gives Way to Blue", so it would be only natural to at some point say, 'Hey, we've got a lot of stuff. Let's sift through and see what we've got this time.'" DuVall also mentioned that it was possible that the album would feature songs that were written for "Black Gives Way to Blue".  On March 21, 2011, "Metal Hammer" reported that Alice in Chains would begin recording their new album by the end of 2011. In July 2011, Alice in Chains began working on the new album at Los Angeles' Henson Recording Studios. In May 2012, Cantrell revealed that prior to the recording sessions, he had surgery in his right shoulder. He explained, "The thing that set me back is I had some bone spurs [and] cartilage issues in my shoulders. I had the same issue in the other shoulder about six years ago so I've had them both done now. It's a repetitive motion injury from playing." Cantrell could not play guitar for eight months while he was recovering from surgery. While recuperating at home in a sling, Cantrell heard a riff in his head and sang it into his phone. The riff later became the song "Stone". Cantrell returned to the studio to finish the album in early 2012. The band selected Nick Raskulinecz, who produced their previous record "Black Gives Way to Blue", to helm the new album. In December 2012, Cantrell confirmed that the album was completed.  On the making of the album, Cantrell said to "Revolver" magazine: "I don't think you'll be surprised by anything you hear.... It's us. But it's also really unique. It's got all the elements of any record we've put out, but it's unlike any record we've put out. Basically, it's the next chapter in the Alice in Chains book, and it's going to be a big one." Cantrell also said to "Guitar World": "In my opinion, "Black Gives Way to Blue" stood up to anything else we've put out in our career. Hopefully, the new album will connect with people in the same way."

Promotion and AIC 23.

On February 13, 2013, Alice in Chains posted on Facebook that their new album title would be an anagram of the letters H V L E N T P S U S D A H I E E O E D T I U R R, and asked fans to decode the anagram. The next day they announced that the album would be called "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here". The song titles were revealed in the March 2013 issue of Revolver magazine.  To help promote the album, Alice in Chains teamed up with Funny or Die for an 11-minute mockumentary titled "", in which Film Studies professor Alan Poole McLard (played by W. Earl Brown) attempts to make a documentary on Alice in Chains without any help from the actual band, interviewing other musicians instead. Among them are country singer Donnie 'Skeeter' Dollarhide Jr. (played by guitarist/vocalist Jerry Cantrell), Reggae singer Nesta Cleveland (played by vocalist William DuVall), Black Metal musician Unta Gleeben Glabben Globben Globin (played by bassist Mike Inez), and the hipster Stanley Eisen (played by drummer Sean Kinney). Snippets of the album's tracks were played in the short film. The video was released on April 3, 2013 and also features cameos by Ann and Nancy Wilson from Heart, Mike McCready from Pearl Jam, Kim Thayil from Soundgarden, Duff McKagan from Guns N' Roses, Brent Hinds and Bill Kelliher from Mastodon, and Lars Ulrich and Robert Trujillo from Metallica.  A limited edition of Jerry Cantrell's signature Dunlop Cry Baby Wah pedal was made available as a tribute to the album. It features the cover artwork for "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here", and the lyrics to "Stone" printed on the bottom plate.

Music and lyrics.

Jerry Cantrell stated in an interview with "Rolling Stone", "We made a unique record that's completely different from anything we ever did. It encapsulates a period of time, like all records do. You see growth and that the band is moving ahead in new territory that we haven't been to before, but we haven't lost our identity."  Cantrell also stated "There's some real filth in there. That's intentional, and that's also just how we sound together. We're trying to make a record that we dig and we're trying to keep the bar high for ourselves and see if we can get past it, and I think that we did again. And of course you want people to dig it too and to respond to it, and to have that start happening is satisfying."  According to Cantrell, the album title refers to the hypocrisy within organized religion, with "overwhelming evidence that things aren’t working right now. We need to start growing up as a people. When you’re teaching people that being gay is a mortal sin, yet a good portion of the people teaching this are raping kids, there’s a huge problem".  For the lyrics, Jerry Cantrell stated: "The devil put dinosaurs here / Jesus don't like a queer / No problem with faith / Just fear," which appear in the title track. "What's the old joke?" Cantrell said. "There are two things you never want to get into a conversation or argument about: politics and religion. But fuck, I guess we're going to be talking about this for awhile."  William DuVall wrote the lyrics and the guitar solo for "Phantom Limb". DuVall said about the lyrics: "I just got this idea of a person that was trapped under something, like maybe someone who had been in an avalanche or an earthquake or something where you're trapped under rubble, or you're looking up through something trying to get to the surface of something and I just kind of ran with it."

Artwork.

The cover artwork features the skull of a "Triceratops" with a second skull image steganographically hidden on a red background. The two skulls, when revealed, combine to form the image of the devil. The album title refers to a belief held by some religious individuals that to confuse the masses of humanity, Satan himself planted dinosaur bones deep into the Earth to dissuade the faithful.  The inner artwork includes images of other dinosaur skulls steganographically overlapped in a similar manner to the front cover, including two pachycephalosaurs and "Ankylosaurus". Additional imagery is also revealed when the CD tray is removed from the jewel case.

Music videos.

Much like the previous album "Black Gives Way To Blue", Alice In Chains released six music videos in support of "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here". In January 2013, the band released the music video for the single "Hollow", and the music video for "Stone" was released in April 2013. Music videos for "Voices", and "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" were released on YouTube in September 2013 to further promote the album. In October 2014, the band released the music video for the song "Phantom Limb" via BitTorrent Bundle. Three of the videos ("Hollow", "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here", and "Phantom Limb") do not feature the band in any way.

Release.

The album's first single, "Hollow", debuted online on December 18, 2012 through a lyric video posted on YouTube. The single was available for digital download on January 8, 2013, along with an official music video. "Hollow" spent 5 weeks at No. 1 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.  The second single, "Stone", was released to radio stations on March 25, 2013, and spent 3 weeks at No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock chart. The song "Phantom Limb" premiered on radio through Seattle station KISW on March 25, 2013.  The third single, "Voices", premiered on USA Today website on July 26, 2013, and was released to radio stations on July 29, 2013. It peaked at No. 3 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks and stayed on the chart for 20 weeks.  The album was originally scheduled to be released on May 14, 2013, but the release was postponed to May 28, 2013. It was released through Capitol Records on CD, vinyl and as a digital download.

Reception.

Commercial.

"The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" debuted at No. 2 on the "Billboard" 200 (the band's highest chart position since 1995's "Alice in Chains", which debuted at No. 1), selling 61,000 copies in its first week of release. By July 31, 2013, the album had sold 120,000 copies in the US.  The album also debuted at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling 7,300 copies in its first week.

Critical reception.

"The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" has received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has average score of 70 indicating "generally favorable reviews".  Chad Childers of Loudwire wrote: "With their new album, 'The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here,' the veteran rockers prove they can sustain their excellence. While all the things you would expect from Alice in Chains — sludgy guitars, haunting melodies, dark lyrics — are on the disc, the band shows they can still put a fresh spin on their sound." He went on to say that "while Alice in Chains definitely does "dark" well, songs like 'Low Ceiling' and 'Breath on a Window' offer a catchier, faster-paced alternative and deliver the perfect change of pace needed mid-album" and gave the album four and a half out of five stars. Johan Wippsson of "Melodic" magazine felt that ""The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" is overall a good and stable record, but will not count it as one of the band's best."  Dave Kerr of "The Skinny" awarded the album four out of five stars and wrote: "Featuring an even split of melodic slowburners and lead-heavy bangers with blindsiding tempo-shifts that arrive like eleventh hour twists to the plot, songs such as Phantom Limb and Breath On A Window carry the familiar hallmarks of AiC's heyday without entirely surrendering to the predictability they might imply. Brooding, doomy riffs usher in soaring two-part harmonies which reiterate that, against some odds, Cantrell has found a worthy foil in co-vocalist William DuVall. A significant addition to their intimidating catalogue."  Stephen Erlewine of AllMusic gave the album a more mixed review saying: "This has a digital sheen that was missing even from "Black Gives Way to Blue", and it gives the album an expansive feel, so the patented churn doesn't seem quite so claustrophobic as before. Then again, perhaps that expansiveness is just a sign of age: Alice in Chains are now firmly entrenched in their middle age and settling into what they do best: retaining their signature without pandering and, tellingly, without succumbing to the darkness that otherwise defines them." He went on to give the album three out of five stars.  Jon Dolan of "Rolling Stone" gave a similar impression, writing: "It's the band's second LP since the 2002 death of singer Layne Staley, and though new vocalist William DuVall doesn't have his predecessor's talent for shaping Seattle sludge into molten-dread anthems, founder Jerry Cantrell's expressively torpid guitar steps up to become its own kind of lead voice, chugging mordantly on 'Hollow' and wailing like My Bloody Valentine on 'Pretty Done.'" He also went on to give the album three out of five stars.  Stephen M. Deusner of Pitchfork Media also gave a mixed review, writing: "[The title] song is six-and-a-half minutes long. It doesn't need to be. Chop it in half and you could double its impact. But the same could be said of just about any track on "Dinosaurs", which typically lumber past the five-minute mark. The result is an album that feels much longer than its bloated 70 minutes, that often buries its best moments, that exhausts its most intriguing ideas either by stretching them out or simply repeating them." He then adds "On the other hand, Dinosaurs actually does have some intriguing ideas to exhaust, mostly about how you play mainstream rock in 2013."

Track listing.

All songs written by Jerry Cantrell, except where noted

The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here is the fifth studio album by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on May 28, 2013 through Capitol Records (and the band's final album released by the label). It is the band's second reunion album. Following a worldwide tour in support of its previous album, "Black Gives Way to Blue" (2009), Alice in Chains began work on a new album. The making of "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" lasted for more than a year and the release of the album was delayed numerous times. The band entered the studio in July 2011 to start work on their fifth album. During the writing and recording sessions, guitarist and vocalist Jerry Cantrell underwent shoulder surgery, which resulted in the delay of the album. The recording sessions of "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" were completed in December 2012.

The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here ist das fünfte Studioalbum der Grunge-Band Alice in Chains. Es erschien am 28. Mai 2013 bei Capitol Records.


History.

Postal flights to Bodø started in 1921, and before 1940 Bodø was served with sea planes from Widerøe.  The first runway at Bodø Airport was built during World War II by British troops, after Germany had invaded Norway. On 26 May 1940 three Royal Air Force Gloster Gladiators, led by Flight Lieutenant Caesar Hull, landed and made the first airborne defence for the city. The area was swampland, and the first makeshift runway consisted of wooden planks floating on the water. Soon the German Luftwaffe seized control over the airport, and held it for the duration of the war, among other things upgrading the runway to concrete.  Not much was done with the airport until after the Korean War started in 1950. The West were afraid of a Soviet attack on Western Europe, so a new military base was constructed at a new location south-west of the old one. Originally planned to be finished in 1951, the new airport did not become fully operational until 1956, though the civilian terminal opened in 1952. From then on fighter jets have been stationed at Bodø. In 1988, NATO injected vast amounts of money to enable the airfield to handle large air forces in the event of an emergency.  The airport was used during the testing of Concorde in June 1975.  In the early 1980s the current civilian terminal was discussed and planned. The Norwegian Ministry of Finance approved the project early in 1988. The construction started a few weeks after its approval and was completed in spring 1990. The terminal has 11 gates, three with jetways. Since its opening in 1990, the number of passengers increased from 820,000 to 1,700,000 in 2013.

Air force base.

The Bodø Main Air Station, situated adjacent to the airport, is the largest air station in Norway operated by the Royal Norwegian Air Force. This air station is the home of the 331st and the 332nd Squadrons equipped with General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcons in addition to a detachment from the 330th Squadron of Westland Sea King helicopters.

Airlines and destinations.

The airport acts as a hub for regional airports between Trondheim and Tromsø, in addition to being served by more than ten daily return flights to Oslo–Gardermoen. Several international seasonal routes are also served.

Ground transport.

The airport is very near the city centre, about 1.5 km distance, and from the railway station 2.0 km. Travel to the airport can be done by local bus, by taxi, or by foot. There are also regional buses from the airport.

Norwegian Aviation Museum.

The Norwegian Aviation Museum is located next to the airport in a propeller-shaped building. An aviation centre at the airport was approved by parliament on 31 March 1992, and opened 15 May 1994. The military part – Luftfartsmuseet (the Aviation Museum) was opened in May 1995. The Norwegian Aviation Museum was formed on 1 January 1998, founded by the government, the local city council of Bodø and county council of Nordland. The museum is a "national museum" and funded through the national budget.  The museum exhibits several military aircraft including a Lockheed U-2, a Gloster Gladiator and a Supermarine Spitfire. There are also some civilian aircraft on display such as the de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter, Junkers Ju 52/3m on floats, a Fokker F.28-1000 Fellowship.

Bodø Airport (; ) is a civil airport in the town of Bodø in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. Located just south of the city centre, on the westernmost tip of the Bodø peninsula, it shares facilities with the military air force base Bodø Main Air Station. The airport has a single concrete, runway which runs in a roughly east–west direction. In addition to jet operations to major domestic destinations, the airport serves as a hub for regional airline flights to Helgeland, Lofoten and Vesterålen.

Der Flughafen Bodø (norw. Bodø lufthavn) ist ein zivil mitgenutzter Militärflugplatz in Norwegen. Die norwegischen Luftstreitkräfte Luftforsvaret bezeichnen ihn als Bodø hovedflystasjon. Er liegt auf dem Gebiet der Stadt Bodø an der Westspitze einer Halbinsel in der Provinz Nordland.


Early career.

August Schmidhuber was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, the son of a minor government official. After finishing basic military training in the Reichswehr in Ulm in 1919, he signed up for 12 years' military service on 5 May. He was initially assigned to the "Schützen Regiment" (rifle regiment) Number 42. From 16 June 1919 until the beginning of October, Schmidhuber served with the 9th Company of his regiment and then spent nearly a year in 3 company.  At the same time, beginning in May 1919 to mid-June, he also entered the ranks of the Freikorps, Major Franz Ritter von Epp. Schmidhuber then transferred to "Gebirgs-Jäger-Regiment" (mountain hunters) Number 19 and on 1 October 1922 was appointed to the rank of "Gefreiter" (private). He remained in the regular German army until 4 May 1931, when he left as an "Oberfeldwebel" (sergeant major).  After leaving the army Schmidhuber worked as a brewer and became active in politics in Bavaria, joining the "Bayerische Volkspartei" (Bavarian People's Party). During the presidential elections, he stood for the district of Lindau but did not win. He then joined the NSDAP and on 16 July 1933 entered into the SA. In the SA he was part of the "SA Gruppe Hochland" and served first as the deputy director of SA schools in the region, and then later also as a director. Schmidhuber was a member of the training command of the SA.

SS career.

In May 1935 Schmidhuber joined the SS where he was appointed SS Obersturmführer and immediately attached to the "SS-Verfügungstruppe". Initially he commanded the 7th platoon of "SS-1 Standarte" and commanded troops there until early February 1936, when he was transferred to the SS "Germania Regiment". Here he led the 1st Company until 1 May 1936. On 13 September 1936 Schmidhuber was promoted to SS Hauptsturmführer and transferred to the regimental staff of SS "Germania". He remained there until mid-November 1937, where the company is responsible for training noncommissioned officers, until the end of February 1938.  On 30 January 1939 Schmidhuber was promoted to the rank of SS Sturmbannführer and put in command of the 1st SS battalion regiment "Germania". On 21 June 1941 he was promoted to SS Obersturmbannführer and a year later he became the commander of the "SS-Freiwilligen-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 14 "Skanderberg"" of 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen. On 20 April 1943 Schmidhuber was promoted to SS Standartenführer (Colonel) and from 17 April 1944 until 20 January 1945, served as a commander of the 21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg (1st Albanian). On 21 June 1944 he was promoted to SS Oberführer.  With regard to his anti-partisan activities in Kosovo during the war, the scholar Bernd Jürgen Fischer noted:  Schmidhuber of the SS "Skanderbeg" issued orders to increase the burning of villages and killing of people. In keeping with these orders, between 19 September and 23 October, 131 NLM prisoners...were shot or hanged in Kosovo."  Following the German evacuation of Albania, Schmidhuber replaced SS-Brigadeführer Otto Kumm as commander of the remnants of the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen to 8 May 1945.  A Yugoslav 3rd Army military tribunal sentenced Schmidhuber to death by hanging for his role in killing civilians in Yugoslavia, and he was executed on 19 February 1947 in Belgrade.

Career summary.

Schmidhuber's first SS rank was Obersturmführer as of May 1935; his highest rank achieved was Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS as of January 1945. Schmidhuber was awarded German Cross in Gold on 3 August 1943.

August Schmidhuber (8 May 1901 – 19 February 1947) was an SS-Brigadeführer of the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen from 20 January 1944 to 8 May 1945, and the 21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg (1st Albanian) from May 1944 onwards.

August Schmidhuber (* 8. Mai 1901 in Augsburg; † 19. Februar 1947 in Belgrad) war ein deutscher Offizier der Waffen-SS, zuletzt SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS. Er war als Kommandeur verschiedener SS-Divisionen verantwortlich für zahlreiche Kriegsverbrechen auf dem Balkan.


Biography.

His father made surgical instruments and barbers' tools. He received a broad childhood education, possibly from the Jesuits. His initial art studies were with a local master, José Luzán (who had studied with Francesco Solimena in Naples), Antonio González Velázquez, for whom he worked as an assistant, and. In 1758, when Francisco received a scholarship to study in Madrid, at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, his siblings followed; having been orphaned. González, who was then living in Madrid, helped support the family. While there, he created some religious works; notably at the Charterhouse of Aula Dei.  He was expelled in 1759, after conflicts with his instructors, so he returned to Zaragoza with Ramón, who became his first student. Shortly after his return, he married Sebastiana Merklein, his former teacher's daughter. The marriage was intended as an introduction to society, and commissions soon followed.  In 1763, he was recalled to Madrid by Anton Raphael Mengs, to help decorate the Royal Palace. That same year, was given a position at the Royal Tapestry Factory by King Charles III. There, together with Ramón, he created designs and "cartones" (cartoons). He also re-enrolled at the Academia. In 1766, he received a scholarship to study in Italy. In addition to his tapestry work, he executed numerous decorative paintings at various palaces and churches. In later years, one of his colleagues was Francisco Goya, who had married his sister, Josefa Bayeu.  He was named a professor and Lieutenant-Director of the Academia in 1765, and was appointed a court painter in 1767. After several applications, he became Director of Painting at the Academia in 1788. The death of his brother Ramón, to whom he had been very close, caused his already poor health to deteriorate even further. He was finally named Director of the Academia in 1795, shortly before his death from what contemporaries describe as an "agonizing disease"; possibly the same lead poisoning that had afflicted Ramón.

Francisco Bayeu y Subías (9 March 1734, Zaragoza – 4 August 1795, Madrid) was a Spanish painter in the Neoclassic style, whose main subjects were religious and historical themes. He is best known for his frescoes. His brothers Ramón and Manuel were also well-known painters.

Francisco Bayeu y Subías (* 9. März 1734 in Saragossa; † 4. August 1795 in Madrid) war ein spanischer Maler des Klassizismus.


Background and context.

Between 1980 and 1984, Alan Moore became a recurring presence in comic books published in the United Kingdom. Both the British division of Marvel Comics, IPC Magazines (publisher of the comic "2000 AD"), and Quality Communications (publisher of the comic "Warrior") hired Moore to write for them. On more than one occasion Moore worked on comics with artist Dave Gibbons and the two enjoyed working together.  Gibbons' talent caught the attention of DC Comics in 1982. That year, Len Wein hired him as the artist of the "Green Lantern" series.  The following year Moore was also hired by Wein who had been seeking a writer for "Swamp Thing" due to the low sales the title had seen. Alan Moore reinvented the character and introduced new themes, dealing with social and environmental issues. Moore took over the series in 1984 and his scripts soon attracted the attention of audiences and critics.  Both before and while working on "Swamp Thing", Moore submitted numerous proposals to the publisher, seeking to work with characters like the Martian Manhunter and the Challengers of the Unknown, but all ended up being rejected because DC had already developed projects with other writers for the characters with which he intended to work. When the editor Dick Giordano finally approved the project that would become "Watchmen", Moore and Gibbons began working on planning the stories. Shortly after, the editor Julius Schwartz asked Gibbons if he could draw a Superman story. Gibbons said he was available. When Schwartz told Gibbons he could also choose who wrote the story, he immediately requested Moore. "For the Man Who Has Everything" began to take shape.

Plot.

Batman, Robin, and Wonder Woman visit the Fortress of Solitude with gifts on Superman's birthday. They find him catatonic, with an alien plant wrapped around his body. The alien conqueror Mongul reveals himself, explaining that the plant – the "Black Mercy" – has incapacitated Superman while it consumes his bio-aura, feeding him a realistic dream based on his heart's deepest desire. In his catatonic state, Superman dreams of a normal life on his long-destroyed home planet of Krypton, happily married to Lyla Lerrol with children.  While Wonder Woman battles the more powerful Mongul, Batman and Robin try to free Superman. Superman's fantasy takes a dark turn as his father Jor-El, whose prediction of Krypton's doom was unfulfilled, has become discredited and embittered. Superman's mother Lara has died from the "Eating Sickness", further isolating Jor-El from his family. Even the death of his brother Zor-El has not reconciled Jor-El to his sister-in-law Alura and niece Kara Zor-El.  Kryptonian society undergoes political upheaval, and the disgraced Jor-El has become chairman of extremist movement “the Sword of Rao", calling for a return to Krypton's "noble and unspoiled" past through the establishment of a totalitarian theocracy under the leadership of Brother Lor-Em.  The Phantom Zone, Krypton's other-dimensional prison system developed by Jor-El, has become unpopular with the public. Kara Zor-El is assaulted by anti-Zone protesters, for whom the criminal Jax-Ur, sentenced to an eternity in the Zone, is a martyr. Kal-El decides to leave the city, only to witness Jor-El presiding over a political demonstration reminiscent of a Fascist rally, which dissolves into a riot between anti-Zone protesters and the Sword of Rao.  Superman gradually wakes from his increasingly disturbing dream, which finally dissolves as his "son" Van-El slips away at the Kandor crater. Batman pries the Mercy from Superman's chest, and the plant latches on to him instead, submerging Batman in his own dream, in which his parents’ murder is prevented when Thomas Wayne disarms Joe Chill. Superman awakens, infuriated by the Mercy's attack, and attacks Mongul before he can kill Wonder Woman. They battle across the Fortress, causing massive damage.  Robin uses Mongul's discarded gauntlets to pry the Mercy off Batman, stuffing the plant inside a gauntlet to carry it safely toward the battle. Subduing Mongul, Superman is distracted by the sight of the statues of his parents, and Mongul gains the upper hand, but Robin drops the Mercy on him. Seized by the plant, Mongul is submerged in his own fantasy, in which he swats the Mercy aside and kills the heroes, going on to conquer Earth and the universe.  Tending to their wounds, Batman mentions to Wonder Woman that his fantasy included him marrying Kathy Kane and having a teenage daughter, while Wonder Woman confesses envy that she did not find out her heart's desire. Planning to imprison Mongul in a black hole across the galaxy, Superman unwraps his gifts. Wonder Woman brought a replica of Kandor made by the "gem-smiths" of Paradise Island, prompting Superman to hide his own replica of the Bottle City at super-speed. Batman’s gift turns out to be another plant – a new breed of rose named “The Krypton” – which was stepped on during the fight. Musing that it is perhaps for the best, Superman asks that someone make coffee while he cleans up the Fortress. Deep in his fantasy, Mongul is content.

Collected editions.

As well as appearing in "Superman Annual" #11 it has been reprinted in:

Animated episode.

The story was adapted for the second episode of the animated series "Justice League Unlimited". In this version, Robin does not appear and most of his lines and actions are given to Wonder Woman, while some details such as the protective gauntlets are removed, and many other details are altered. Batman simply brings money as his present while Wonder Woman brings the new Krypton rose. While Mongul surmises in the comic that Superman's fantasy may involve "the aboriginal backwater he grew up in" (i.e., Smallville), in the episode he speculates that the Mercy's world involves Superman controlling the universe. Lyla Lerrol, Kal-El's wife in Superman's fantasy, is renamed "Loana" and is an amalgam of both Lois Lane and Lana Lang, the two main loves of Clark Kent's life. Loana is voiced by Dana Delany, who provided the voice of Lois Lane in the earlier series, "", as well as throughout "Justice League Unlimited". The voice of Jor-El is supplied by Christopher McDonald except for Jor-El's final line, which is given by Mike Farrell, who had voiced Pa Kent in "Superman: The Animated Series" (Farrell also voices Brainiac, the household robot). In the original comic story, Kal-El is depicted as the father of two children in Superman's fantasy, but in the animated adaptation, only the son, Van-El, makes an appearance. Also, the dark scenes from Superman's fantasy are replaced with seismic activity that only he actively notices, and it ends with Krypton's destruction as he realizes the false nature of the fantasy while the Black Mercy is gradually removed. Meanwhile Batman's fantasy consists only of his father disarming and beating Joe Chill during his mugging. Similar to Superman's experience, it becomes progressively more dark, with Joe slowly winning against his father, as Wonder Woman gradually frees Batman from the Black Mercy and he realizes the false nature of the fantasy. In the end, Batman does not share his fantasy and Wonder Woman expresses no interest to know her heart's desire, and Mongul's fantasy of conquest is not shown, and instead represented with a soundtrack of screams and explosions as the camera zooms in on his slightly-smiling face.  J. M. DeMatteis adapted the script from the Alan Moore/Dave Gibbons story; they are given credit at the beginning of the episode. According to Dwayne McDuffie, Alan Moore liked the episode, making it the only adaptation of his that he approves.  In 2006, a "Justice League" Superman action figure was released which included a Black Mercy accessory.

"For the Man Who Has Everything" is a comic book story by writer Alan Moore and artist Dave Gibbons, first published in "Superman Annual" #11 (1985). It contains the first appearance of the Black Mercy, an extraterrestrial, magical plant-like organism that, upon it attaching parasitically to its victims, exhibits enjoyable hallucinogenic effects onto the victims' minds. The story has been adapted to television twice, first into the same-named episode of the animated TV series "Justice League Unlimited" and then more loosely into "For the Girl Who Has Everything", the episode of the live action "Supergirl" TV series. The story was nominated for the 1986 Kirby Award for Best Single Issue.

Das Geschenk (Originaltitel: "Superman: For the Man who has everything") ist ein 1985 von Alan Moore geschriebenes Superman-Special. Die Zeichnungen stammten von Dave Gibbons. Ursprünglich erschien die Geschichte in "Superman Annual #11".


Season summary.

The 2013-14 season of the Gibraltar Premier Division, the first since the GFA's acceptance into UEFA, began on October 7, 2013 with Glacis United defeating Lions Gibraltar 3-2. The two sides had finished level on points the previous season at the bottom of the table but remained in the division thanks to the league's expansion from 6 to 8 teams in order to meet the minimum requirements for entry into UEFA competitions. Reigning champions and heavy favourites Lincoln got off to a slow start, being held 0-0 and 1-1 in their opening fixtures to Lynx and College Europa, respectively. Both sides proved early season surprise packages and occupied the top two places for the majority of the early part of the season. The mid season break saw the first edition of the Gibraltar Premier Cup in which Lincoln came out victorious after defeating Manchester 62 in the final. Following this both sides continued long lasting unbeaten runs to reach the top two positions in the table, with Lincoln yet to suffer defeat as of March 31, 2014.  At the other end of the table, two sides suffered mass exoduses in pre-season and struggled for form as a result. St Joseph's, 2012-13 league runners up and reigning Rock Cup champions, saw themselves in particular trouble while the struggle to keep players meant that newly promoted Gibraltar Phoenix, who failed to pick up a single point in their first 10 games, were left struggling to even field a starting 11 by December. In the March 28 game between Lincoln and College Europa, an explosion caused a floodlight failure with 12 minutes to go and saw the match abandoned at 3-2 to the Red Imps. Because Victoria Stadium is the only current stadium in Gibraltar, evening games the rest of the weekend, including the game between St Joseph's and Glacis United, were postponed. However, daytime games including Lions Gibraltar's 1-0 victory over a much improved Gibraltar Phoenix, were permitted to go ahead. Both Lincoln and College Europa have appealed to replay the abandoned game. On April 2, the final 12 minutes were played out with 4-2 the result. Gibraltar Phoenix were relegated on April 7, 2014 after a 5-0 defeat to Manchester 62, having lost all 12 games of the season up to that point. Lincoln secured their title win with a 4-1 victory over Lions Gibraltar on April 14.

Teams.

After the 2012–13 season, no teams were relegated due to the expansion of the league. College Europa and Gibraltar Phoenix were promoted from the Second Division as champions and runners up, respectively.

European qualification.

This will be the first season of the league since Gibraltar were accepted as full members of UEFA. Gibraltar has been allocated one place in the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League, provided the qualifying club has received a UEFA licence.

League table.

The Europa League qualifying spot was unconfirmed after the cup and league finished. UEFA regulations suggested College Europa as Cup runners-ups. GFA promised the spot to the league runners-up pre-season. Eventually College Europa were awarded the spot.

Results.

Teams in the 2013-14 season will play each other twice, with the season starting on October 7, 2013 and ending on May 7, 2014.

Relegation play-off.

St Joseph's won and remained in the Premier Division.

The 2013–14 Gibraltar Premier Division (known as the Argus Insurance Premier Division for sponsorship reasons) is the 115th season of the national amateur football league in Gibraltar since its establishment - the highest level of football in Gibraltar. The league was expanded this season, and will be contested by eight clubs, a requirement for entry into UEFA competitions. The season began on October 7, 2013 with Glacis United defeating Lions Gibraltar 3-2. Lincoln are the defending league champions, having sealed their 11th successive title win in 2012-13.

Die Gibraltar Eurobet Division 2013/14 war die 115. Spielzeit der höchsten gibraltarischen Spielklasse der Männer. Titelverteidiger war Lincoln FC. Jede Mannschaft spielte zwei Mal gegen jede andere Mannschaft. Die Saison begann am 7. Oktober 2013 und sollte am 3. Mai 2014 enden. Durch ein Nachholspiel endete sie allerdings erst am 7. Mai 2014.


Description.

San José Ojetenam is located deep in the mountainous highlands of Guatemala. It is located 2 hours by road from the nearest major town, San Marcos/San Pedro Sacatepéquez, and is between 8–10 hours from Guatemala City, which is 325 km (200 miles) to the east. As of 2008 the municipality had a population of 18,000 inhabitants, 3,930 of which lived in the town center. Politically, it is divided into 6 different micro-regions, which are composed of 68 different communities of varying size. The town centre is located at the altitude of 3,050 metres (10,000 feet) above sea level, which makes the average temperature 16° Celsius (61° Fahrenheit), quite cold for tropical standards. However, due to extreme variety of elevations within the municipality there are some very temperate communities in lower elevations, and very frigid communities at higher elevations. In January 2008, for the first time in recent history, snow fell on the Cotzic pass, which is the highest point in the entire municipality (3,700 metres/12,000 ft. above sea level)  During the rainy season (mid-May to mid-November) the town is regularly subjected to white-out conditions and constant drizzle because of cloud accumulation. Despite the inclement weather, the town offers many great vistas and hiking opportunities, especially during the dry season. San José is perched above several river valleys, as the Coatan and Cuilco rivers both have major tributaries born in San José. And on a clear day it is possible to view as far as Volcano Agua to the east, the Cumbre plateau in Huehuetenango to the northeast, and the Mexican/Guatemalan Coast and Tapachula to the southwest. The two tallest points in Central America, Volcano Tajumulco and Volcano Tacaná are also both very close and are regularly visible from San José. Additionally, San José is the home of "El Prado", a trout hatchery, which is a short walk away from the town centre. El Prado has a hotel, a conference center, a playground, and visitors can fish in the pond and take small pedal boats onto the water as well.  In regards to the population, there is a pocket of Ladino (people who belong to the Hispanic culture, and speak Spanish) Guatemalans who live in the town center, and there are a few communities on the fringe of the municipality that speak in Mam, a Mayan language, and dress in traditional indigenous clothing, but the majority of the inhabitants of San José fall into a gray area. Ethnically, they fall into the indigenous category, as their ancestors were indigenous. However, culturally and legally, they self-identify as Ladinos, as this is a social advantage in society. The change of identity originated in the Guatemalan Civil War, when indigenous peoples in the highlands were military targets. Many indigenous people, in San José as well as other places, started dressing more like Ladinos and started speaking solely in Spanish to avoid scrutiny from the army. This change became permanent in San José, and today the only language spoken is Spanish, with the exception of the very few outlying communities who still speak Mam.

Economy.

Ojetecos, as San José residents are known, are mostly subsistence farmers. Their main agricultural products include potatoes, wheat, oats, beans, maize, squash, avocados, peaches, and apples to name a few. These crops are also traded and sold during bi-weekly market days. The majority of income however, does not come from the agricultural sector, but rather from remittances. Most San José families have one or more member working illegally in the United States, sending back money weekly or monthly. The poorest families, those that cannot afford to pay for passage to the United States, usually send a male representative across the border to Chiapas, Mexico once a year, where they can find work picking coffee. These family members also remit their money, making the economy of San José wholly dependent on remittances.

History.

The municipality was settled by a group of people on 23 August 1848 as "San José", where in the 21st century there is a small settlement, by an initiative of Ángel Roblero.  After severe landslides forced the inhabitants to move to a different location, they chose a place called «Ixjoyon» (mam language meaning «land prosperous for potato»), where the main settlement has remained since. During the 1871 revolution, general Justo Rufino Barrios conferenced with his troops prior to invade Tacaná in a hill that surrounds this area, which has been called "Cerro Barrios" ("Barrios hill") since.  In 1935, during general Jorge Ubico's regime, the municipality was dissolved and the settlements was annexed to Ixchiguán. However, this change was short-lived, as once Ubico was overthrown in 1945, new president el doctor Juan José Arévalo, On 21 June 1945 designated it as a municipality once again.  A variety of non-governmental organizations operate in San Jose to assist its people in agricultural projects, forestry projects, small business development, childhood education, and municipal development. Examples of these organizations include: The United States Peace Corps, Intervida, CARE International, and Creciendo Bien. During 2003, the Cuban government deployed two nurses to assist the Guatemalan doctor and two Guatemalan nurses already staffing the municipal clinic. In July 2005, the medical resources of that clinic were overwhelmed when an overloaded bus on the way to market veered off the road and tumbled 200 metres down the hillside. The bus was carrying more than 90 people. More than 30 people died in the accident. 50 more were injured. San Jose's ambulance was not working at the time because it had broken down after being repeatedly used to transport the town's soccer team to and from regional games.

Climate.

San José Ojetenam has temperate climate (Köppen: "Cwb").

Geographic location.

San José Ojetenam is 60 km away from San Marcos, the capital of the Department of San Marcos.

San José Ojetenam (San José: in honor to Saint Joseph, Ojetenam: from mam "oje" that means "ancient" and "tenam" that means "town") is a municipality in the San Marcos department of Guatemala.

San José Ojetenam ist ein Dorf und ein Municipio im Departamento San Marcos in Guatemala. Der Ort liegt rund 320 km nordwestlich von Guatemala-Stadt und etwa 60 km nordwestlich der Departamentshauptstadt San Marcos im Hochland der Sierra Madre auf 3.050 Metern Höhe.


Taxonomy.

The warbling white-eye was described by the ornithologists Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel in 1845 from a specimen collected in Japan. They coined the binomial name "Zosterops japonicus".  The English name "Japanese white-eye" was formerly used for "Zosterops japonicus" and what are now the Philippine subspecies of "Z. japonicus" were treated as a separate species, the "mountain white-eye" "Z. montanus". A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2018 found that "Z. montanus" and several subspecies of "Z. japonicus" were conspecific, and they were therefore lumped together. They were placed in "Z. japonicus" Temminck & Schlegel, 1845 as this has priority over "Z. montanus" (Bonaparte, 1850). The new English name "warbling white-eye" was introduced for the combined taxa. At the same time, several other subspecies of the former "Z. japonicus" were split off into their own separate species, Swinhoe's white-eye "Z. simplex".  There are 15 recognised subspecies many of which are island endemics:

Description.

The warbling white-eye is olive green on its back, from anterior to posterior, and is pale green on its underside. Its feet, legs, and bill range from black to brown. It has a green forehead and a yellow throat. The white-eye has rounded wings and a long, slender bill – both of which indicate this bird to be very acrobatic. Its wings are dark brown, but outlined in green. Like other white-eyes, this species exhibits the distinctive white eyering that gives it its name ("mejiro" also meaning "white eye" in Japanese). Adults range from 4 to 4.5 inches in length, and weigh between 9.75 and 12.75 grams.

Habits.

Behavior.

This bird species is rarely found on the ground. It is a very sociable species that may form flocks with other species, in which the birds form groups to forage during flight; white-eyes only flock with birds of other species outside of the breeding season. Allopreening – the art of cleaning, grooming, and maintaining parts of the body – is extremely common. Interspecific allopreening (between different species) has been observed in captivity. While sociable, however, the white-eye typically forms monogamous relationships with mates – it has only one mate at any one time.  Social hierarchy in a flock is established through physical displays. Some of these displays are not sex dependent, such as wing flicks exposing the underwing, wing flutters and vibrations, as well as open beak displays and beak snaps (rapid shutting of the beak to make a snapping noise). During breeding seasons, however, males establish territories via the sex-specific activity of singing loudly. Males will fend off intruders of the same species, yet will allow other species of birds to nest inside of their territory.

Nesting.

Pairs of individuals, generally monogamous, choose a location for the nest between 1 and 30 meters above ground level. Construction of the nest lasts 7–10 days on average, and a variety of nesting material may be used (living and non-living); spider webs, moss, lichens, and mammal hair are all examples of building media that the birds employ. When building nests, they often steal material from the nests of other birds. Nests tend to be cup shaped, with a diameter of 56.2 mm and a depth of 41.7 mm. The majority of nests are only used once, but some may be used up to three times in any given season.

Feeding.

The species is omnivorous, living on a diet of fruit from several species of flowering plants, various types of insects, and nectar at all levels of foliage. It feeds on insects by searching the leaves of flowers and scouring tree bark for larvae. Consequences of its diet include regulation of local insect populations and dispersal of seeds; however, the white-eye's seed-dispersal ability does not seem to be significant in Hawaii.

Distribution.

The warbling white-eye is found in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, eastern China, and the northern Philippines. Migratory populations of the bird spend winters in Burma, Thailand, Hainan Island, and Vietnam. The white-eye is widespread and common in Japan, considered one of the more dominant bird species.  In spring 2018 there were several sightings of Japanese white-eyes in Southern California, with confirmed breeding in San Diego County as of 2019.. However, in 2019 the California birds were reclassified as belonging to a newly designated species, Swinhoe's white-eye. The dominant white-eye population in Taiwan has similarly been reassigned to Swinhoe's.

Hawaii.

The warbling white-eye, originally introduced in O’ahu in 1929, has rapidly expanded its population and can now be found on every island of Hawaii; the climates of these islands range from tropical rain forests to deciduous forests. After subsequent releases and natural range expansion (enlargement of the area it occupies), the white-eye was determined to be the most abundant land bird on the Hawaiian Islands as early as 1987. It has become a vector for avian parasites that are now known to adversely affect populations of native birds such as Hawaiian honeycreepers, as well as spreading invasive plant species through discarded seeds.

Predators.

Organisms known to prey upon native Hawaiian avian species include small mammals, like the Polynesian, black, and Norway rats, and the mongoose. There are no documented predators of the warbling white-eye. It can only be inferred that organisms that prey on small mammals and birds in the same area as the warbling white-eye also prey on the white-eye itself.

Competitors.

In its natural habitat, the warbling white-eye competes with other native passerine bird species, including those of the same genus, such as the Bonin white-eye ("Apalopteron familiare"). In Hawaii, the warbling white-eye competes with native passerines such as the common 'amakihi, for food (such as nectar and fruit), as well as for space. In Hawaii, the warbling white-eye has been observed visiting endemic (native) floral species thought to have coevolved with endemic nectarivorous avian species (those that eat nectar). This means that, over time, changes in native flowers have triggered changes in native birds that feed on the nectar of these flowers; the latter change then triggers another change in the flowers, and the whole process continues to repeat itself. The visitation of the white-eye, along with the disappearance of those endemic nectarivorous passerine bird species, suggests that the white-eye is out-competing those endemic species for the floral resource (nectar).

Conservation.

Native species need normal juvenile mass and bill length to recover and persist, but for this to happen, food must be restored to former levels. There is support that an introduced bird, such as the warbling white-eye, is responsible for the food shortage. Control of the white-eye is therefore essential for the recovery of native Hawaiian birds. The determination of the status of native birds is essential; those found to be endangered could possibly benefit from the designation of critical habitat. In 1980, a program to eradicate the Indian white-eye in California involved mist-netting and shooting the birds, and this proved to be the most successful of the various capture methods explored. Whether eradication is feasible and applicable to other instances of invasive exotic birds is yet to be determined, but could be considered a possibility for the eradication of the warbling white-eye in the Hawaiian Islands. However, because the white-eye's current ecological role is not fully understood (i.e. seed disperser, pollinator, etc.) further studies are necessary before any drastic measures are taken.

The warbling white-eye ("Zosterops japonicus"), also known as the Japanese white-eye and mountain white-eye, is a small passerine bird in the white-eye family. The specific epithet is occasionally written "japonica", but this is incorrect due to the gender of the genus. Its native range includes much of east Asia, including the Russian Far East, Japan, Indonesia, Korea, and the Philippines. It has been intentionally introduced to other parts of the world as a pet and as pest control, with mixed results. As one of the native species of the Japanese islands, it has been depicted in Japanese art on numerous occasions, and historically was kept as a cage bird.

Der Japanbrillenvogel ("Zosterops japonicus") ist ein kleiner Singvogel aus der Familie der Brillenvögel, der in Ostasien beheimatet ist. Sein Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich von Japan über den Süden der Koreanischen Halbinsel, Taiwan und Südchina bis nach Südostasien.


Geography.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which is land and is water.  Four-lane U.S. Highway 2 serves as a main route in the city.

Demographics.

2010 census.

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,527 people, 670 households, and 367 families living in the city. The population density was. There were 750 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the city was 94.0% White, 2.9% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.  There were 670 households, of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.2% were non-families. 41.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.89.  The median age in the city was 43 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.2% were from 25 to 44; 21.9% were from 45 to 64; and 26% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

2000 census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,575 people, 681 households, and 379 families living in the city. The population density was 969.1 people per square mile (373.1/km). There were 739 housing units at an average density of 454.7 per square mile (175.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 96.70% White, 0.19% African American, 1.52% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population.  There were 681 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.2% were non-families. 40.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.92.  In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 28.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.4 males.  The median income for a household in the city was $27,634, and the median income for a family was $40,521. Males had a median income of $29,688 versus $21,176 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,064. About 11.4% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 21.1% of those age 65 or over.

History.

The incorporation papers of Fosston were recorded June 8, 1889, by the Register of Deeds in Crookston, the County Seat of Polk County, Minnesota. Fosston was named for Louis Foss (1849–1920), who was an immigrant from the village Nyttingnes in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. Mr. Foss was the founder and owner of Louis Foss & Company, one of the first business to be established in the community. The city of Fosston is reputed to be the adopted hometown of Cordwood Pete, younger brother of famed lumberjack Paul Bunyan.

High School Sports.

Fosston's boys basketball team won the first-ever state basketball championship in 1913. In 2002, the girls basketball team set the state consecutive win record, winning 78 games between 1999 and 2002.  (studios in Fosston, both licensed to nearby Bagley, MN. Owned by R & J Broadcasting. (Owned by Pine to Prairie Broadcasting. QFM's city of license is Fosston, but studios are split between Grand Forks, ND and Bemidji, MN)

Media.

Radio.

Other radio and television stations from Bemidji, Thief River Falls, Crookston, Grand Forks, ND, and Fargo, ND can also be received.

Print.

There is one local newspaper, "The 13 Towns", with additional newspapers "Grand Forks Herald" (Grand Forks), "The Forum" (Fargo, ND), "The Pioneer" (Bemidji), and "Star Tribune" (Minneapolis) available via subscription or at newsboxes.

Fosston is a city in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. The city is most famous for being the birthplace of celebrity Joe Hanson. It is part of the Grand Forks ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,527 at the 2010 census.

Fosston ist eine Kleinstadt (mit dem Status „City“) im Polk County im US-amerikanischen Bundesstaat Minnesota. Im Jahr 2010 hatte Fosston 1527 Einwohner.


Life and career.

Less was born in Berlin, Germany in 1916. He attended the Upper Forest School in Charlottenburg. In 1933, after the Nazis assumed power, he emigrated to France, where he continued his agricultural studies.  In 1938, he emigrated to Mandatory Palestine, and during his first years there, worked on orange plantations. From 1941 to 1948, he was a police officer in Haifa and price checker for the local district. After Israeli independence in 1948, he became head of the Import-Export Section of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, and was Deputy-Director of the Legal Department for price control in the Haifa district. In 1951, he joined the Israel Police, and worked in the Department of Economic Crimes. From 1954 to 1968, while still an officer in the Israel Police, he was loaned to the Foreign Service. He initially served as an attaché in New York City, and as permanent representative of Israel to the annual conference of the UN Drug Commission in Geneva, and as a representative of Israel at Interpol.  In 1960, Less, now a Chief Inspector in the Israel Police, was tasked with interrogating former German SS officer Adolf Eichmann, who was captured by Mossad agents in Argentina in May 1960 and brought to Israel to stand trial. For nine months, Less served as Eichmann's interrogator, questioning him daily for a total of 275 hours. He was the only investigator allowed to speak to Eichmann. The transcripts of the interrogation were forwarded to prosecutors. In 1961, Less testified and was cross-examined at Eichmann's trial. Extracts from the interrogation of Eichmann by Less have been published in the 1983 book "Eichmann Interrogated".  After Eichmann was convicted, Less left for France to serve as Israel's consul in Paris. He was already in Paris when he heard of Eichmann's execution. He lectured on the Eichmann trial in schools throughout Europe, including in Germany. In 1964, Less traveled to Germany at the request of prosecutors to testify at the trial of two Nazi war criminals on trial in Frankfurt over their role in the murder of 400,000 Hungarian Jews. While in Germany, a German nationalist newspaper demanded his arrest as an accessory to the abduction of Adolf Eichmann. This was not taken seriously by authorities.  After completing his term as consul in Paris, Less did not return to Israel and remained in Europe. He settled in Switzerland in 1968, and until 1971 was a member of the "Banque de Crédit International Genève". In 1972, he became head of internal security for "Bank Robinson AG" in Basel. From 1976 to 1979, he worked at the Company for Bank Revisions in Basel, and in 1979, he was employed by "Neutra Treuhand AG" as internal controller. In May 1982, Less's full rapprochement with Germany and the German people became clear when at his request, he was granted citizenship by West Germany, becoming a dual Israeli-German citizen. Less died in Zürich in 1987, at age 71.

Avner Werner Less (18 December 1916 – 7 January 1987) was a German-born Israeli police officer, best known for interrogating former German SS officer Adolf Eichmann after he was captured by Mossad agents in Argentina and brought to Israel to stand trial.

Avner Werner Less, auch Avner W. Less, (* 18. Dezember 1916 in Berlin; † 7. Januar 1987 in Zürich) war ein israelischer Polizist, der 1960/61 in Jerusalem im Zuge des Eichmann-Prozesses die Verhöre Adolf Eichmanns leitete.