Early life.

Born in Glasgow, Grogan and her two sisters all attended the Notre Dame Convent School.  Aged 17 while dancing at the Glasgow College of Technology, a fight broke out nearby between several patrons. Grogan attempted to head away from the violence but was injured by thrown broken glass, causing a deep facial wound and prominent scar on the left side of her face. Grogan states that her parents still find it hard to read about the incident. She began filming "Gregory's Girl" just three months after the incident. In 1998, while she was working in Theatre at Watford, it was discovered part of the glass was still in the facial tissue and had to be surgically removed.

Acting career.

Originally a member of Scottish Youth Theatre, she was originally obliged to appear as 'C.P. Grogan' because there was already a member of Equity named Claire Grogan (the other Claire Grogan went on to become a photographer). She would later drop the "i" from her first name.  While working as a waitress at the Spaghetti Factory restaurant in Glasgow, she was spotted by film director Bill Forsyth. This led to her breakthrough acting role in 1981's "Gregory's Girl" as Susan. Because of her facial wound there were objections from the producers, but Forsyth refused to recast the role and Grogan was filmed mostly in profile. When filmed in close up, makeup artists covered Grogan's scar with Derma wax.  In 1984, she played Charlotte in Forsyth's "Comfort and Joy". In 1985, she was the receptionist in the BBC Television version of "Blott on the Landscape". She had a recurring role playing Dave Lister's would-be love-interest, Kristine Kochanski, in series 1, 2 and 6 of the TV show "Red Dwarf". However she was deemed too old for the role by Series 7 - despite being younger than most of her male counterparts - and replaced by Chloë Annett. Grogan has also appeared in "Father Ted" (episode "Rock-a-Hula Ted") as a feminist rock singer and in "EastEnders" as Ian Beale's love interest, Ros Thorne (1997–1998).  Grogan played the part of Rita in a stage adaptation of "Educating Rita" at Dundee Repertory Theatre in 1987.  In 1996 she played a fitness instructor on the Edinburgh Fringe in the play "Lady Macbeth Firmed My Buttocks".  She had the role of Maggie in a 1998 comedy "Jilting Joe", played an Eye-Surgeon in a 2002 short film "Bury It", appeared in "Doctors" in 2003, and performed another Edinburgh Fringe play "Forbidden" in 2004, as Lily, married to a WW2 Nazi officer but falling in love with a young Jewish woman.  In 2006 Grogan portrayed Sandra Reeves, a control-freak office manager, in a film "The Penalty King" played Cathy in an episode of "Sea of Souls", and May, Danny's mother, in the Scottish sit-com "Legit". She appeared in the video for Peter Kay and Matt Lucas' charity single "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)", recorded for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day 2007, along with two TV films "Wedding Belles" and "Forgiven".  Grogan had a role in the 2011 TV series "Skins" as Shelley, mother of Mini McGuinness. and played Jenny Ferris in the Scottish gangster film "The Wee Man" in 2013. She starred as Myriam in the 2017 film "Delirium", filmed entirely at Royal Holloway, University of London.

Music career.

Grogan developed her singing career as the lead singer of Altered Images, originally a five-piece band that included Johnny McElhone (later of the Scottish rock band Texas), whom she met while studying for her Highers. It became a four-person band with the departure of two members and the addition of Stephen Lironi, who played both guitar and drums. The band had a string of hits in the early 1980s, including "Happy Birthday", "Don't Talk to Me About Love", "I Could Be Happy" and "See Those Eyes". The group split up after the release of their third album, "Bite" (1983).  In 1984, Grogan made a cameo appearance in the music video to "Young at Heart" by The Bluebells.  Grogan later attempted a solo career, but after her single "Love Bomb" failed to gain chart success in 1987, her album "Trash Mad" was never released. Grogan formed Universal Love School in 1989 with Lironi, performing a series of gigs around the UK. However, it was short-lived and produced no hit singles. In 2000, she contributed vocals to the song "Night Falls Like a Grand Piano" on The 6ths' album "Hyacinths and Thistles". She recorded a version of "Angels with Dirty Faces" for the Frankie Miller tribute album. The track "Her Hooped Dream" appears on "The Ultimate Celtic Album".  In 2002, Grogan performed as 'Altered Images' on the Here and Now Tour which featured other well known artists from the 1980s. She performed on similar tours in 2005, 2008 and 2009. She appeared with Chesney Hawkes, Toyah Willcox and Limahl as 'The 80s Supergroup' in the 2011 series of "Let's Dance for Comic Relief".  Grogan sometimes covers for radio presenters on BBC 6 Music, most often for Nemone and sometimes Liz Kershaw.  Grogan appeared in Series 2, Episode 2 of John Shuttleworth's Lounge Music on BBC Radio 4 on 27 November 2016.  Clare Grogan is the inspiration for the song "True" by Spandau Ballet.  Grogan began presenting shows on Absolute Radio 80s from 11 September 2017, presenting Monday to Thursday 8-9pm and Sundays 7-9pm.

Writing.

Grogan's first book was published in October 2008, a children's novel (aimed at age 7 and up) titled "Tallulah and the Teenstars", about a girl who forms a pop band.

Personal life.

Grogan married bandmate Stephen Lironi in Glasgow in 1994. The couple live in Haringey, and in 2005 they adopted a daughter, Ellie.

Claire Patricia Grogan (born 17 March 1962), known professionally as Clare Grogan or sometimes as C. P. Grogan, is a Scottish actress and singer. She is best known as the lead singer of the 1980s new wave music group Altered Images and for supporting roles in the 1981 film "Gregory's Girl" and the science fiction sitcom "Red Dwarf" as the first incarnation of Kristine Kochanski.

Claire Patricia Grogan (* 17. März 1962 in Glasgow, Schottland) ist eine schottische Schauspielerin, Popsängerin sowie Kinder- und Jugendbuchautorin. Trotz abweichender Schreibweise ist sie seit Beginn ihrer Karriere unter dem Namen "Clare Grogan" bekannt. Im Fernsehen trat sie später als "C.P. Grogan" auf, da es in der britischen Künstlergewerkschaft "Equity" eine andere Person gleichen Namens gab.


History.

La-ngu was one of the three original districts of Satun, at first a minor district ("king amphoe") under Thung Wa District. When the pepper production in Thung Wa District declined in the 1910s, many natives moved to the farmland of La-ngu. In 1930 the government adjusted the administrative structure to match the changed economic situation, making La-ngu a district and reducing Thung Wa to a minor district under La-ngu.  At first subdivided into seven "tambon", in 1940 these were reduced to five. The sixth "tambon", Khao Khao, was created on 1 August 1978.

Geography.

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Thung Wa, Manang, Khuan Kalong, and Tha Phae. To the west is the Andaman Sea.  A big part of the shoreline of the district as well as several islands are part of the Mu Ko Phetra National Park.

Ethnic groups.

The Maniq people, from the Negrito ethnic group which immigrated from the northern states of Malaysia, inhabit the Banthat Mountains in tambon Nam Phut of La-ngu District.

Administration.

The district is divided into six sub-districts ("tambon"), which are further subdivided into 64 villages ("muban"). Kamphaeng is a township ("thesaban tambon") which covers parts of "tambon" Kamphaeng. There are a further six tambon administrative organizations (TAO).

Pak Bara deep-seaport.

For more than two decades, plans for a deep-seaport at Pak Bara in La-ngu District have been vetted by the government, only to be dropped, then revived by successive governments. The seaport will be linked to a port in Songkhla on the Gulf of Thailand. The port will be capable of accommodating 825,000 TEU of cargo per year as well as supertankers. It would mean that vessels would not have to sail through the Malacca Straits, notorious for pirate attacks, to reach deep seaports at Laem Chabang or Bangkok. Construction of the port would involve the creation of an artificial island 430 m wide and one kilometre long, an area of 292 rai about four kilometres offshore connected by a bridge. The project includes the construction of roads, port facilities and railway lines, all totalling about 4,734 rai (757 hectares).  In his televised address of 17 April 2014, Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha, once again proposed that the project go ahead. The project has been vociferously opposed by environmental groups and many local residents. Prayut said the port would be Thailand's gateway to the Andaman Sea, linking the country with Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. He went on to say, "I ask that conflicts in this area be halted. The government will help those affected by this project." Locals say marine traffic, pollution and contamination from logistic and petroleum activities will ruin the environment. The seaport and shipping lanes encroach on Mu Ko Phetra National Park, a source of local food and tourist revenue for locals. Construction of the seaport would mean that some of the national park would lose its protected status.  A strategic environmental assessment (SEA) was initiated in 2003, to be submitted in April 2016 at a cost of 50 million baht. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) was completed and approved in June 2009. At that time the project's owner, the Marine Department, was ordered to conduct an environmental and health impact assessment (EHIA), budgeted at 118 million baht. The EHIA was started in March 2015.  In July 2018 the Ministry of Transport "shelved" the 9.7 billion baht project "...to avoid fuelling conflicts between residents and state officials..." The port's construction would have required the expropriation of about 7,400 rai of land close to Ko Petra Marine National Park. A government source said, "...it is about time to shelve the project because we cannot proceed with conducting an environmental impact assessment and public hearings as local villagers usually refuse to participate..." The suspension of the project immediately raised suspicions that the move was a ploy by the government to revive its popularity ahead of the 2019 elections after a series of public relations set-backs. A "Bangkok Post" editorial explained that, "...in Thailand, 'being shelved' is a synonym for buying time—most controversial projects re-emerge after public attention fades." As predicted by the "Bangkok Post", in December 2019, the project was revived.

La-ngu (, ) is a district ("amphoe") of Satun Province, southern Thailand. La-ngu's port, Pak Bara, is the ferry port year-round for boats going to most of the islands in Tarutao Marine National Park, which includes Ko Lipe. It is now the proposed site of Thailand's deep-seaport on the Andaman Sea.

Amphoe La-ngu (Thai: ) ist ein Landkreis "(Amphoe – Verwaltungs-Distrikt)" in der Provinz Satun. Die Provinz Satun liegt im Westen der Südregion von Thailand an der Westküste der Malaiischen Halbinsel.


Geographic range and habitat.

The red-shanked douc is native to Indochina; Vietnam, Southern Laos and possibly Northeastern Cambodia. Before 1967, the douc was completely unstudied. Doucs are found in a variety of habitats: from lowland to mountainous terrain up to 2,000 m (6,600 feet), semi-deciduous, primary and secondary rainforests, in the mid to upper levels of the canopy. They occasionally get on the ground to drink water or eat dirt that contains minerals.

Description.

Like other doucs, the red-shanked douc is a long, slender monkey. The male has an average head and body length of, and the female averages long, with a tail that measures long. Males weigh on average, and females.  The red-shanked douc is the most colorful monkey among all species of primates. They are considered “Queen of primates” thanks to their distinctive and unique appearance. Their forearms are white, upper legs black to grey and the lower legs a deep red while hands and feet are black. The monkey’s yellow-orange face and ears appear to be powdered with theatrical makeup, and the eyelids appear to be dusted with a powder-blue eyeshadow. Dark, almond-shaped eyes view the world, and from a modest nose, tiny nostrils inhale the fragrance of the forest habitat. Long, white whiskers (more generous in males) adorn the chin and frame the monkey’s alien-like face. A wide black band stretches across the monkey’s forehead. Belly and back are grey. There is a slight difference in rump markings between genders: the male has round white spots above the triangle of white on its rump, while the female does not. Males of all ages have a white spot on both sides of the corners of the rump patch, and red and white genitals. Shortly, the douc’s fur is a harmonious combination of the 5 colors: black, grey, white, brown-red and orange. Due to this fact, the species is also called the five-color douc. A baby douc has yellow-brown fur with black face. Between 8 and 24 months of age, the colors of the fur and face have changed gradually to form colors of the mature one.

Behavior.

The doucs are, like all monkeys, social animals. They live in groups with an average size of 4 to 15, but groups of up to 50 have been recorded. A group usually consists of one or more males and approximately two females per male. Both males and females have their own hierarchies and males are dominant to females. Both males and females will eventually leave the group they were born into.  Like all other Old World monkeys, its tail is not prehensile. It uses its tail solely for balance, and it uses its arms and legs to move through the forest along established routes. When on the move, the group is led by adult males, with juvenile males bringing up the rear and the females and infants staying safe in the middle. This douc is an aerial specialist, moving high up in the canopy. It is very agile and frequently makes breath-taking leaps of up to 6 meters (20 feet), leaping with its arms outstretched over its head, pushing off with its legs and landing on two feet.  When the group is untroubled, the red-shanked douc will move noisily from branch to branch through the forest, crashing through foliage, swinging under branches and leaping with two feet together, displaying its remarkable sense of balance. But when a group is disturbed, by either a predator or other dangers, it can flee soundlessly through the trees, away from danger. If it is startled, it may give loud barks and rush around the trees slapping branches with its hands and feet. In contrast to their noisy travel, doucs spend most of their time quietly eating, digesting their bulky food, dozing and grooming each other's fur.  This monkey communicates using facial expressions. It has a specific "play face" with the mouth open, teeth partially bared and chin thrust forward. Sometimes, it closes its eyes and paws blindly towards another douc with remarkable disregard for the hazards of doing this when up a tree. A fixed stare is a threat display. A grimace with the mouth open and the teeth exposed is a submissive gesture given in response to a stare. It is also used to initiate grooming or play. The red-shanked douc has a low-pitched growl that is given as a threat, and a short, harsh distress squeal.  This douc has been rarely observed in the wild and very little is known about its wild mating and breeding habits. Before mating, both genders give a sexual signal with the jaw forward, eyebrows raised and then lowered, and a head-shake. The female makes the first move, lying face-down on a branch, eyeing her chosen mate by looking over her shoulder. The male returns with a stare and may turn to look at another spot he considers more suitable for mating. Single-mount and multiple-mount matings have been reported.  Mating takes place from August to December. The pregnancy lasts between 165 and 190 days, resulting in the birth of a single offspring just before fruiting season of some favorite foods. Twins are very rare. The young are born with their eyes wide open and they cling to their mothers instinctively. The baby's body colouration is lighter than an adult's. Its short, downy grey hair has a dark stripe down the back and it has a black face and two pale stripes beneath the eyes. As it grows older, its body darkens while its face lightens, achieving adult colours at 10 months. In captivity, other group members may look after an infant, and other females may even suckle it. In one study, an orphaned infant was fed by two females in the group and also cared for by a male. Females reach sexual maturity at about 4 years, while the males reach it at 4–5 years. They have a lifespan of about 25 years. The red-shanked douc is diurnal and eats and sleeps in the trees of the forest. Its diet consists mostly of leaves high in fibers. Belonging to the subfamily Colobinae, or leaf-eating monkeys, it has a large stomach which is divided into sacs containing bacteria that break down the cellulose in the leaves through fermentation, giving the douc its pot-bellied look. This also makes it burp frequently from the resulting gas. It prefers to eat small, young and tender leaves, but will also eat fruit like figs, buds, petioles, flowers, bamboo shoots and seeds. It gets all the liquid and protein it needs from the food it eats and doesn't need to descend to the ground to drink. This monkey eats 50 different plant species but no animal prey. It is a messy and chaotic feeder, dropping much of its food onto the forest floor: old leaves, under-ripe or over-ripe fruits. It eats peacefully together, not quarreling over food, and has been known to share it with others. Often, it will share the same clump of foliage and may even break pieces off and hand them to each other, a type of active generosity that is rare among Old World monkeys. It does not have cheek pouches.

Conservation.

According to the most recent assessment of IIUCN Red List, the red-shanked douc is endangered. The species is listed in CITES I which prohibits international trade.  So far, there is no research yet on the total population of red-shanked doucs in the Indochina. In Son Tra, Vietnam, the douc population is approximately 1300 individuals.  Hunting is currently the major threat to this species, most often for subsistence use and traditional medicine. Local people often hunt the species for food, pets or making glue. For the population in Son Tra, habitat loss due to development plan poses as the biggest risk to them.

The red-shanked douc ("Pygathrix nemaeus") is a species of Old World monkey, among the most colourful of all primates. It is an arboreal and diurnal monkey that eats and sleeps in the trees of the forest.

Der Rotschenklige Kleideraffe ("Pygathrix nemaeus") ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen (Presbytini). Der Grauschenklige und der Schwarzschenklige Kleideraffe, die früher als Unterarten des Rotschenkligen Kleideraffen galten, werden heute als eigene Arten betrachtet. Diese Primatenart lebt in Südostasien und ist in ihrem Bestand bedroht.


Results in major championships.

Note: Colt played in only The Open Championship and The Amateur Championship.  DNP = Did not play "T" indicates a tie for a place R128, R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in match play Yellow background for top-10  Source for 1895 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 8 May 1895, pg. 8.  Source for 1896 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 21 May 1896, pg. 11.  Source for 1898 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 25 May 1898, pg. 10.  Source for 1899 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 25 May 1899, pg. 11.  Source for 1900 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 10 May 1900, pg. 13.  Source for 1901 British Amateur: Golf, June 1901, pg. 413.  Source for 1902 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 30 April 1902, pg. 10.  Source for 1904 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 1 June 1904, pg. 11.  Source for 1906 British Amateur: Golf, July 1906, pg. 30.  Source for 1907 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 29 May 1907, pg. 12.  Source for 1908 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 29 May 1908, pg. 14.  Source for 1909 British Amateur: The American Golfer, July 1909, pg. 11.  Source for 1910 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 2 June 1910, pg. 8.  Source for 1911 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, 2 June 1911, pg. 9.  Source for 1912 British Amateur: The American Golfer, July 1912, pg. 198.

Henry Shapland "Harry" Colt (4 August 1869 – 21 November 1951) was a golf course architect born in Highgate, England. He worked predominantly with Charles Alison, John Morrison, and Alister MacKenzie, in 1928 forming Colt, Alison & Morrison Ltd. He participated in the design of over 300 golf courses (115 on his own) in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Colt's courses of note in the UK include: Tandridge Golf Club, Oxford Golf Club, Ladbrook Park Golf Club, Denham Golf Club, St George's Hill, Sunningdale (New course), Belfairs Golf Club, Rye, Blackmoor, Swinley Forest, Brancepeth Castle, Brokenhurst Manor, Camberley Heath, Stoke Park Club, Calcot Park, Goring and Streatley Golf Club, Grimsby Golf Club, Hendon Golf Club, Tyneside and the East & West Courses at Wentworth Club. He performed extensive redesigns of Sunningdale (Old course), Woodhall Spa, and of Muirfield, Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, and Royal Portrush, three of the courses on the rota for the Open Championship. In Canada, his courses for the Hamilton Golf and Country Club and the Toronto Golf Club are highly respected. He also designed in 1914 the first Spanish course bigger than 4.300 yards, the Club de Golf Sant Cugat, promoted by the Barcelona Traction Light and Power Company Ltd. While it is often joked that "the sun never sets" on a course designed by architect Robert Trent Jones, this is actually true for the works of Colt and his collaborators.

Harry Shapland Colt (* 4. August 1869 in Highgate; † 21. November 1951 in East Hendred, Berkshire) war als Golfarchitekt ein Hauptvertreter des Goldenen Zeitalters der Golfarchitektur.


History.

Pre-independence.

In the early 1920s, despite the absence of an organised league, Maccabi Tel Aviv were known as the strongest football team in the country and were invited to numerous friendly matches, even against British teams of the local Mandate. Official tournaments began taking place in 1928 with the establishment of the Football Association and FIFA's recognition of Israeli football. In 1929, the team won their first trophy after beating Maccabi Hashmonai Jerusalem 4-0. Maccabi took the championship again one year later with a 2-1 victory over the British Army's 48th regiment and a third in 1933, when Hapoel Tel Aviv were beaten, 1–0. In 1936, the club was invited to play in the United States. On their way, Maccabi played in France, losing, 2–0, to Racing Paris and 3–1 to Lille. In the United States, Maccabi defeated the All-star team of New York City in front of 50,000 in Yankee Stadium. Maccabi also defeated the American Soccer League team in Brooklyn and Philadelphia on their home ground, 1–0, and also played in Canada, where they drew, 1–1, with Toronto All-Stars. Maccabi continued their tour in the USA and lost, 3–2, to St. Louis Stars and the

1950s.

This decade is considered Maccabi Tel Aviv's "Golden Age", in which they won five championships and four Israel Football Association Cups. The "Golden Age" actually began with the establishment of the State of Israel, with Maccabi Tel Aviv winning the league title in the 1949–50 season. The deciding match of the season was the second Tel Aviv derby against Hapoel Tel Aviv, which Maccabi won, 1–0, thanks to a goal from striker Yosef "Yosale" Merimovich that sealed Maccabi Tel Aviv's first post-independence championship title. Merimovich was just one member of a squad of outstanding players that left Maccabi Tel Aviv unchallenged in their domination of the Israeli Premier League during the 1950s. That squad included the likes of defenders Itzhak Schneor and Eli Fuchs, goalkeeper Avraham Bandouri, striker Zvi Studinski and of course the club's legendary centre forward Yehoshua "Shiye" Glazer. Glazer, who won the top scorer title in 1952 with 27 goals, is considered Maccabi Tel Aviv's greatest ever striker and was the Club's highest goal scorer until Avi Nimni broke his record in 2003.  The 1951–52 season was Maccabi's second league title after the establishment of the State, which they won

1960s.

Following the "Golden Years" of the 1950s, Maccabi Tel Aviv found themselves as the new decade began challenged and ultimately eclipsed by the emergent HaPoel Petach Tikva, who during the late 1950s and early 1960s won five consecutive league titles. The second of those championships, in 1960, came at Maccabi's expense, with the Yellows leading the table on the last day of the season only to disappointingly lose their final match to Hapoel Haifa thereby handing the championship to Hapoel Petah Tikva. The outstanding player of Maccabi's season had been Rafi Levi, one of the greatest strikers in the club's history, who was the league's leading goal scorer with 19 goals. A year later the Brazilian club Santos visited Israel, along with their legendary player, Pelé, for a friendly match against a side composed of the best players from both Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Petah Tikva. But even the combined forces of the two best clubs in the country were no match for the Brazilians, who won, 3–1.  After a number of unremarkable seasons, the 1960s saw the return of Maccabi Tel Aviv with one of their greatest coaches, Jerry Beit haLevi, who had served the club as a player in the 1930s and,

1970s.

By Maccabi Tel Aviv standards, the 1960s had not been a particularly successful decade. With the coming of the 1970s, all that was about to change. The very first year of the decade was a stellar indication of that change as the team, under the able leadership of the late David Schweitzer, won an historic double. The Israeli Football Association (IFA) Cup final was won with a 2–1 victory over Maccabi Netanya. The league title on the other hand was ensured only on goal difference, but one that was built in part upon one of the finest performances in the club's history, a 5–0 thrashing of city rivals Hapoel Tel Aviv in the Tel Aviv derby. On a rainy day at the end of January 1970, 20,000 spectators saw Maccabi midfielder Giora Shpiegel score a hat-trick to lead his side to an unforgettable victory. But despite that defeat, Hapoel stayed neck-and-neck with Maccabi until the very last week and it was Hapoel who found themselves in second place on goal difference when the season reached its conclusion.  The following season was a weak one for Maccabi Tel Aviv that saw them finish tenth in the league table. But just one year later they were fully back on track winning their second championship of the decade in the 1971–72 season. One of the stars of that season, and one of the greatest strikers in the club's history, was Dror Bar Nur, who scored 16 of the club's 45 goals in the league and added two more in other

1980s.

The 1980s saw a period of below par achievements for Maccabi Tel Aviv FC, earning the decade the nickname the "thin years". While adding two Israel Football Association (IFA) Cups to the trophy cabinet, the club remained without a league title throughout the decade. The first of the two consecutive IFA Cup triumphs, however, was won in dramatic fashion in a final against Maccabi Haifa in the 1986–87 season. While Maccabi Tel Aviv, third in the table, finished six places above their northern namesakes, the Cup final was a tight affair that ended, 3–3, after extra time and was decided in a penalty shoot-out. And it was striker Benny Tabak's final kick that saw Maccabi Tel Aviv lift their first IFA Cup in ten years.  The following season Maccabi Tel Aviv, now under the stewardship of Giora Spiegel, underwent their worst defeat in the club's history, a 0–10 rout suffered at the hands of that same Maccabi Haifa. Yet only three weeks later the club appeared in their second consecutive intriguing IFA Cup final, this time against their arch big city rivals Hapoel Tel Aviv. Despite the fresh memories of their lacklustre performance in Haifa the team succeeded in returning to form thanks to a wonderful goal

1990s.

After the considerably less than spectacular decade of the 1980s, a young head coach by the name of Avram Grant took over the reins at Maccabi Tel Aviv and brought with him a whole slew of young players that together brought about one of the most successful decades in the club's history. By the time the decade had reached its halfway point the team had already won an historic "double" along with two more championships, two State Cups and one Toto (League) Cup, to which two more would be added before the decade had drawn to a close. Within a matter of a few short years, the glow surrounding Maccabi Tel Aviv, which had dimmed somewhat in the 80s, had returned and once again the yellow and blue of Maccabi became the national colours of Israel's football culture.  It all started in the 1991–92 season, when by virtue of exceptional talent and quality attacking football under the leadership of Avraham Grant, Maccabi Tel Aviv won the league championship for the first time in thirteen years. What contributed to this talent was, among other things, the arrival at the club of the Russian national goalkeeper Alexander Ubarov, who in time became a real Maccabi Tel Aviv legend. With him arrived defender Alexander Polukarov, who also left an enduring mark at the club and together with midfielder Uri Malmilyan and the young midfielders Avi Nimni and Itzik Zohar returned Maccabi Tel Aviv to the top of Israeli football. In the 1992–93 season, after winning the Toto (League) Cup, this talented and successful group of young players of the 1990s got their first taste of victory in the prestigious State Cup after goals by Itsik Zohar and fellow midfielder Nir Klinger decided the final against arch rivals Hapoel Tel Aviv. But despite finishing an excellent season with 88 points, the league title, and hence an historic "double", remained beyond their grasp as Maccabi Haifa enjoyed a spectacular season

2000s.

With a particularly attacking style of football promoted by head coach Nir Klinger, the second millennium got off to a very good start for Maccabi Tel Aviv, who won two consecutive coveted State Cups. The first came in the 2000–01 season, one that saw Maccabi finish just fourth in the table but with the highest number of goals of any club in the Israeli Premier League, 71. Particularly memorable was Maccabi's 7–0 demolition of Beitar Jerusalem towards the end of the season and the jaw-dropping total of 10 goals to just one reply against Hapoel Rishon Lezion in January of that same year. It was that exceptional attacking prowess that resulted in Maccabi's receiving the State Cup from the country's president after a 3–0 victory over Maccabi Petah Tikva in the final.  The following season will largely be remembered for the tragic event that occurred on 26 January 2002 during a match against Beitar Jerusalem. Without a preceding incident, Maccabi defender Meni Levi suddenly collapsed in the middle of the pitch, picked himself up and then collapsed again. He received treatment on the pitch for quite a long time before being rushed to a hospital. The game, in the meantime, was not resumed. For a number of years Levi received treatment at the rehabilitation facility Beit Levinstein in Ra'anana but unfortunately was unable to recover and was returned to his family. Subsequently, the club decided to retire Levi's number twelve jersey entirely. As the year progressed

2010s.

In the 2010–11 season Maccabi enjoyed one moment of glory in Europe, beating a strong Greek Olympiacos side 1–0 in the home leg of the UEFA Europa League qualifiers. The victory sent Maccabi into the first round of the competition where, despite an exciting 4–3 victory in the home leg, Maccabi failed to surpass French giants Paris Saint-Germain after a 2–0 loss in the French capital. The following season Maccabi claimed a famous victory against Greek side Panathinaikos, beating them 3–0 at Bloomfield Stadium in the qualifying stages of the Europa League.<ref name="Group E 11/12"></ref> It was a year Maccabi actually did succeed in reaching the group stage of the competition but collected just two points in a group that contained Turkish side Beşiktaş, the Ukrainians Dynamo Kyiv and the English Stoke City.  The 2012–13 season finally put an end to Maccabi Tel Aviv's bad fortunes in the league as they won their first championship in a decade. Under the stewardship of new Director of Football Jordi Cruyff and Spanish head coach Óscar García, Maccabi dominated the league and claimed the title by thirteen points ahead of their nearest rival. They finished the season with the league's highest goal total of 78 while conceding the fewest with just 30 goals conceded. Leading that attack was the league's highest goal scorer, striker Eliran Atar with 22, but he was joined by midfielder Maharan Radi with eight (plus eleven assists), young striker Moanes Dabour with ten and Swedish striker Rade Prica (eight) and midfielder Eran Zahavi (seven) who both arrived at the club in the January transfer window. In defense the tone was set by Maccabi's two center halves, Eitan Tibi and the Spaniard Carlos García, backed up by the excellence of Maccabi Tel Aviv's Nigerian goalkeeper, Vincent Enyeama. The 2013–14 season saw a change in the club's Coach Position with Paulo Sousa replacing Oscar Garcia, as well as several players leaving and new players arriving. Notably Vincent Enyeama left for Lille with Goalkeeper Juan Pablo Colinas joining between the posts, and Nikola Mitrović joining from Videoton. The team continued its success in the league and claimed another championship behind Eran Zahavi's goal scoring. The Team's main rivals this season were Hapoel Be'er Sheva who came in second. The team also enjoyed relative success in the UEFA Europa League as they advanced to the round of 32 after a difficult group stage, before ultimately being ousted by Basel.<ref name="Group F 13/14"></ref> The 2014–15 season was characterized by a difficult start. Operation Protective Edge meant that the qualifying games to the UEFA Champions League were held away from Israel, leading Maccabi to be ousted from both the Champions League and the Europa League. There was also a shake up at the coach position as Paulo Sousa left for Basel. Óscar García returned but left before the beginning of the season and was replaced by Pako Ayestarán. During the Tel Aviv Derby on 3 November 2014, a fan from Hapoel Tel Aviv broke onto the pitch with an intent to assault Maccabi Star Eran

Maccabi Tel Aviv Football Club (; "Moadon Kaduregel Maccabi Tel Aviv") is an Israeli football club and part of the Maccabi Tel Aviv sports club.

Der Moadon Kaduregel Maccabi Tel Aviv (Hebräisch: מועדון כדורגל מכבי תל אביב; – "Fußball Klub Maccabi Tel Aviv") ist die Fußballabteilung des größten israelischen Sportvereins Maccabi Tel Aviv, auch bekannt für seine Basketballabteilung.


Rule.

Boruth probably asserted himself as a Carantanian chieftain in the early 8th century. He ruled over large estates in the Eastern Alps, comprising parts of the present-day Austrian states of Carinthia and Styria, as well as adjacent lands in today's Slovenia. Under continuous pressure by Avar raids, he appealed to his mighty neighbour in the northwest, the Agilolfing duke Odilo of Bavaria (d. 748) for help. Military aid was granted, but in turn Boruth had to accept Bavarian overlordship and Christian faith. Duke Odilo himself was a vassal of the Frankish kings and both Bavaria and Carantania were incorporated into the Carolingian kingdom of the Franks soon after, accomplished with the deposition of Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria by Charlemagne in 788. Upon his death, Prince Boruth was succeeded by his son Cacatius (, d. 751) and his nephew Cheitmar ("Hotimir", d. 769), who likewise ruled as Frankish vassals. Bishop Vergilius of Salzburg had them abducted to give them a Christian education probably at Herrenchiemsee Abbey. Prince Cheitmar first appeared as Carantanian governor in 752, a few years later he called the Salzburg chorepiscope Modestus to proselytize his lands and had St Mary's Church erected near his Karnburg ("Krnski grad", in present-day Maria Saal) residence. After Cheitmar's death in 769, the missionary movement temporarily came to a halt; it was resumed under Prince Valhun ("Valtunk") from about 772. One of Valhun's Christian successors was probably Blessed Domitian of Carantania ("Domicijan Koroški") who lived in the time of Charlemagne and died about 802.

Boruth, also Borut (from, "fighter") or Borouth, (died about 750) was the first documented Slavic prince ("Knyaz") of Carantania, ruling from about 740 until his death. He was one of the few pagan leaders of the Carantanians to convert to Christianity.

Borouth oder Boruth (slow. Borut, der "Kämpfer") war im 8. Jahrhundert etwa von 740 bis 750 der erste namentlich erwähnte karantanische Slawenfürst.


Early life.

Alter was born in Magnuszew, Poland, in late 1799. He came from a very distinguished family of rabbis, among the most prominent in Germany and Poland. He was a descendant of Rashi and of the Tosafist, Rabbi Meir ben Baruch of Rothenburg.  He married Feigele Lipszyc, daughter of Moshe 'Halfon' Lipszyc, in 1811, and settled in Warsaw. They had fourteen children, according to most published sources, most of whom died in infancy.  Alter became known as a Talmudic gaon. At first, he was close to the rebbes of Kozhnitz, however after some years, he was drawn to Rebbe Simcha Bunim of Prshischa, whose close adherent he became. After the demise of Simcha Bunim, Alter became a disciple of Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Kotzk, also known as the Kotzker Rebbe, who was famous for his acerbic wit and Talmudic brilliance. He was soon followed by a large number of Simcha Bunim's followers. Alter and the Kotzer Rebbe eventually became brothers-in-law, when the latter married Chaya Lipszyc, the sister of Alter's wife Feigele.  In 1830 he was forced to change his name to "Alter" because of his support towards the Poles during the November Uprising.  Alter was temporarily succeeded as the Rebbe of the Ger hasidim by his colleague and disciple, Rabbi Chanoch Henoch of Aleksander.  One of his sons, Avraham Mordechai, and three daughters, Cyna Pesia, Leah Hudes, and Esther, survived to adulthood and married. However, by the time of Alter's death on 23 Adar 5626 (1866), only one child (Esther) remained alive.

Works.

Rabbi Alter is still well known for his talmudic commentary, though he wrote on many other areas. Extant published works are:

Yitzchak Meir Rotenberg-Alter (,, 1799 – 10 March 1866), was the first Rebbe of the Ger Hasidic dynasty, which he founded in the town of Góra Kalwaria (known as "Ger" in Yiddish), Poland. He headed the Kupath Rabbi Meir Baal Haness Kollel Polen (Poland) Varsha (Warsaw) (Hebrew ). He was also known as The Chiddushei HaRim () for his Torah writings, and was sometimes fondly called "Reb Itche Meir" (Yiddish) by his followers.

Jitzchak Meir Rothenberg Alter (* um 1798 in Magnuszew; † 1866 in Góra Kalwaria) war ein chassidischer Zaddik in Polen und der Begründer der Ger-Dynastie.


Main Company.

Today, the main company consists of 16 dancers. One of the only American dance companies to operate year-round, Hubbard Street performs in Chicago, at national and international dance venues, and through dance programs at universities around the country. While many contemporary dance companies are single-choreographer organizations, Hubbard Street has always been a repertory company, representing numerous choreographers and styles.  Hubbard Street has commissioned and presented almost 200 new and acquired dance works throughout its history. Additionally, Hubbard Street now offers a Summer Intensive, which provides concentrated training in ballet and modern technique classes, repertoire rehearsals, dance history lectures and health and wellness presentations to pre-professional dancers as well as a yearlong professional training program (HS Pro) for dancers ages 18–24 headed by Director of Artist Training, Alexandra Wells.

Lou Conte Dance Studio.

Under the direction of Claire Bataille, one of the original four Hubbard Street dancers, Lou Conte Dance Studio (LCDS) offers weekly classes in ballet, jazz, modern, tap, African, hip hop, African drums, musical theater, yoga, Pilates and Zumba at all levels from basic to professional, as well as workshops and master classes. LCDS also maintains a scholarship program for advanced dancers.

Community Partnerships.

Since 2000, Hubbard Street has established partnerships with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, presenting new and existing choreography set to orchestral music performed by the symphony; the Art Institute of Chicago, producing dance works within art exhibits and free information sessions to the public to explore the vital connection between dance and art; Illinois Institute of Technology School of Architecture, re-imagining the space in which dance is performed; and Rush University Medical Center, which helped establish the Parkinson's Project, using contemporary dance techniques to improve the mobility and quality of life for participants.

Education Programs.

Hubbard Street's Education and Community Programs began in 1997 offer movement-based arts experiences to students, teachers and families. These programs aim to bring students into the world of dance by actively engaging them in perception, research, reflection and discussion, assisting them in strengthening basic proficiencies to develop analytical and abstract thinking, interpretation and problem-solving skills. Hubbard Street's partnerships with schools aim to provide teaching artists and educators the opportunity to plan, teach and learn together to create exciting and meaningful integrated curriculum which challenges students and takes learning to new levels. Hubbard Street also offers family workshops and youth dance programs at Hubbard Street Dance Center and through its community partnerships.

Hubbard Street Dance Chicago is America's premier contemporary dance company based in Chicago. Hubbard Street performs in downtown Chicago at the Harris Theater for Music and Dance and at the Edlis Neeson Theater at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago. Hubbard Street also tours nationally and internationally throughout the year.

Hubbard Street Dance Chicago (HSDC) ist eine US-amerikanische Tanzgruppe mit Sitz in Chicago. Die New York Times nannte die Gruppe eine der wichtigsten Tanzgruppen der amerikanischen Szene und ein „Aushängeschild für moderne Choreographie“. Mehr als 100.000 Menschen besuchen die Aufführungen pro Jahr.


Road route description.

The road starts in Albania at either Durrës (SH4) or Vlore (A2), both situated on the Adriatic coast. It intersects at Rrogozhine (SH7, SH3) and runs towards Elbasan. It then crosses the border with North Macedonia at the Ohrid lake and then runs north to Tetovo mainly as a 2-lanes single-carriageway. The section between Ohrid and Kicevo will be upgraded to a motorway. A2 motorway runs between Tetovo and Skopje, and A1 motorway between Skopje and Kumanovo.  Between Kumanovo and Radomir, Bulgaria, it runs again as a 2-lanes single-carriageway. From Radomir to Pernik it is upgraded to a 4-lane dual-carriageway. Close to Pernik, the route joins Lyulin motorway (A6) for about 20 km to the Bulgarian capital, Sofia. After passing through the Sofia Ring Road, the route joins Trakia motorway (A1) for to Burgas, bypassing Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora and Yambol on the way. At Burgas, the route turns to north, running along Black Sea coast mainly as a single-carriage road (I-9). The route joins Cherno More motorway (A5) for 10 km before reaching its final destination – Varna.

Rail route description.

The railway is only partly complete, at present there is a single track line in Albania and a single track line in parts of North Macedonia. The route is virtually complete in Bulgaria comprising both single and double track lines. The line already in existence in Albania from Durrës-Lin will be used, although upgrading and modifications will be needed. From Lin to Kičevo new construction will be required, almost all in North Macedonia. At the moment progress on this link is small, being mainly aspirational.  On the eastern side of North Macedonia the mothballed, 31 km long, line from Kumanovo-Beljakovce is being restored and upgraded - work on this started in 2014. Construction of a new line, approximately 34 km long, from Beljakovce to Kriva Palanka began in 1996 but was abandoned due to lack of financial resources in 2004. Considerable earthworks and structures are, therefore, already in existence but currently do not reach Kriva Palanka. Entirely new construction will be needed in the area of Kriva Palanka to the Bulgarian border (24 km) plus a short length (~1 km) in Bulgaria. A total of approximately 88 km of track must be restored or built in a region whose morphological features make access difficult. Once in Bulgaria, the existing line from Gjueševo, extant since 1910, will be used.  From Gyueševo the track runs broadly northwards to Sofia then uses the main line through Burgas to Varna.

The Corridor VIII is one of the Pan-European corridors. It comprises both road and rail routes. Both commence on the Italian Adriatic coast at Bari or Brindisi, with a ferry crossing to Durrës in Albania. From there the routes cross the southern Balkans into Bulgaria and thence to Varna, on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The road corridor follows the route: Tirana/Durrës/Vlore - Elbasan - Skopje - Pernik - Sofia - Plovdiv - Burgas - Varna. Although as yet incomplete, it is broadly paralleled by the rail route: Durrës/Vlore-Lin-Radozhda-Kičevo-Skopje-Kumanovo-Beljakovtse-Kriva Palanka-Gyueševo-Sofija-Burgas-Varna

Der Paneuropäische Verkehrskorridor VIII ist eine Verkehrsachse von Albanien über Nordmazedonien nach Bulgarien. Paneuropäische Verkehrskorridore sind wichtige internationale Verkehrsachsen, die jeweils auf Schiene und Straße, teilweise auch kombiniert, zum wirtschaftlichen Warenaustausch und Aufschwung in Osteuropa beitragen sollen. Der Korridor ist in Albanien und Bulgarien eine wichtige wirtschaftliche Verkehrsader.


Band history.

The band was founded by Young, who had composed the song "Under the Boardwalk" for the Drifters in 1964. Young had worked off and on with the Australian singer Susan Traynor on one of his solo albums, "Last Stage For Silverworld", where she was listed as 'Amanda' after Young had written Reparata and the Delrons' "Captain of Your Ship", which had been a UK hit.  Young then discovered Northern Irish singer Clodagh Rodgers on a television show, who had recently released the single, "Play The Drama till The End". The partnership produced hit singles over a three-year period, beginning with "Come Back and Shake Me". With this, Rodgers became something of a blueprint for the group, as she recorded demos of some of the songs which would eventually surface on the first Fox album in 1975, as well as earlier Young tunes. Rodgers' husband John Morris was the first manager of the group.  Meanwhile, Traynor was in a folk group called Wooden Horse, which released two albums before breaking up. After his success with Rogers, Young founded Fox with Irish singer Herbie Armstrong, recruiting Traynor as lead singer. She adopted the stage name 'Noosha', a scrambled version of her own name, and a glamorous image inspired by Marlene Dietrich, wearing elegant dresses to contrast with the scruffy look of the rest of the group.  The band's self-titled debut album was released on GTO Records in 1975 to critical acclaim. The lead single, "Only You Can", was originally released in the Summer of 1974 under the title "Only You" and failed to chart, but was reissued at the beginning of 1975 with a word added to its title and was a Top 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart, the follow-up "Imagine Me, Imagine You" later the same year also reached the Top 20 and "He's Got Magic" was a hit in some European countries. The track "Love Ship" was played extensively on Radio Caroline, and was subsequently adopted as one of their theme tunes in the 1970s. Shortly after the release of their first album, Fox made a cameo appearance in the film "Side by Side".  However, Noosha shared vocals with other members of the band in 1975 follow-up album, "Tails of Illusion", with the songs sung by Noosha, Young, Frank, and Armstrong. The album enjoyed some cult critical acclaim but not the sales success of its predecessor; without Noosha's distinctive voice, casual listeners did not associate the songs with the band that had recorded "Only You Can". Roger Taylor of Queen added backing vocals to the song "Survival".  The band returned to the charts in April 1976 when "S-S-S-Single Bed" was a Top 5 UK hit and topped the Australian chart. (Bananarama did their own version of this song in 2009 on their album "Viva".) Again, the band did not attempt to capitalise upon its previous success, and the accompanying album "Blue Hotel" (1977), yielded only one further single, even though Noosha was the lead singer on all its tracks.  Noosha Fox left the band after "Blue Hotel". Armstrong and Young continued to work together in the band Yellow Dog, Their second single for Virgin became the first hit single that Virgin Records released, "Just One More Night" making it to no. 7 on the UK Singles Chart. After a short period of success, Armstrong went on to work with Van Morrison, and Solley later joined Procol Harum. Noosha launched a solo career, and her first single, "Georgina Bailey", written and produced by Young, briefly entered the Top 40 in the UK Singles Chart (reaching number 31) in 1977.  In 1979, Noosha Fox tried to restart her solo career with a single, "The Heat Is On" (a song written by Florrie Palmer and Tony Ashton), on Chrysalis Records. A later version of the song, by ABBA's Agnetha Fältskog, was a European hit four years later. Noosha recorded several singles in the early 1980s for the Earlobe label but none were successful, and she evidently retired from the music industry, although she did not return to Australia. Fox reformed briefly in 1980, releasing the new wave-influenced "Electro People", written as the theme music for the "Kenny Everett Show". The band considered a reunion in the early 1990s, but the tracks recorded at this time were unreleased until 2004 when they appeared as bonus tracks on the "Tails of Illusion" CD.

After the band.

It was reported in 2007 on BBC Radio 4's "The Music Group" that Noosha Fox was recording a solo album of electropop, and that she has her own website.  In April 2011, Noosha was reported to be working on new material.  Herbie Armstrong recently tried to find solo success, appearing on the 2011 series of "Britain's Got Talent". He made it through to the live semi-finals but did not make it through to the final. In his semi-final, he appeared singing a version of Barry Manilow's hit, "Mandy".

Fox were a British-based pop band popular in the mid-1970s. Led by American songwriter and record producer Kenny Young, the band was perhaps best known for its charismatic Australian lead singer Noosha Fox. They achieved three top 20 hits on the UK Singles Chart - "Only You Can" and "Imagine Me, Imagine You" in 1975 and "S-S-S-Single Bed" in 1976, and Noosha Fox achieved a solo hit in 1977 with "Georgina Bailey".

Fox war eine britische Pop-/Softrock-Band, die von 1974 bis 1977 erfolgreich war. Die Gruppe wurde von dem Songwriter Kenny Young gegründet und geprägt durch die australische Sängerin Susan Traynor (* 8. Dezember 1944), die unter ihrem Künstlernamen Noosha Fox auftrat.


Early life.

Andrea King was born Georgette André Barry on February 1, 1919, in Paris, France, to American Lovinia Belle Hart. At two months of age, she moved with her mother to the United States. She lived with her grandmother in Cleveland, Ohio, and Palm Beach, Florida, for the first four years of her life while her mother attended Columbia University in New York City. When her mother married Douglas McKee, King went to live with them in Forest Hills, Queens.  As a teenager, King attended the progressive Edgewood School in Greenwich, Connecticut, a northern campus of Marietta Johnson's Organic School of Education. Playing Juliet in a school production when she was 14, she was asked to audition for a role in a Lee Shubert play, which led to other stage work.

Career.

Andrea King appeared in Broadway plays and other theater work. Her Broadway credits included "Fly Away Home" (1935) and "Growing Pains" (1933). She also appeared as Mary Skinner in "Life with Father". Her film debut was in a docudrama, The March of Time's first feature-length film titled "The Ramparts We Watch" (1940). In 1944, she signed with Warner Bros. and changed her stage name to King (some of her early movies have her credited as "Georgette McKee", her stepfather's name). King appeared uncredited in the Bette Davis film "Mr. Skeffington" (1944), followed by another ten movies in the next three years. The Warner Bros. studio photographers voted King the most photogenic actress for the year 1945.  She co-starred in the mystery-horror film, "The Beast with Five Fingers" (1946), and a drama, "The Man I Love" (1947), both opposite Robert Alda. King was originally cast to play Dr. Lilith Ritter in "Nightmare Alley", a film noir directed by Edmund Goulding, but she chose instead the role of the sophisticated Marjorie Lundeen in "Ride the Pink Horse" (1947).  In the 1950s, King had leading roles in the film noirs "Dial 1119" and "Southside 1-1000" (both 1950) and a science-fiction story, "Red Planet Mars" (1952). She later played supporting roles in Hollywood feature films like "The World in His Arms" (1952) with Gregory Peck and "Band of Angels" (1957) with Clark Gable.

Television.

In the 1960s and 1970s, most of her acting work was on television, including the ABC/Warner Brothers Television western series "Maverick" episode "Two Tickets to Ten Strike" opposite James Garner. In 1959–1960, King appeared twice as "Duchess" in the episodes "The Blizzard" and "The Devil Made Fire" of another ABC/WB western series, "The Alaskans", starring Roger Moore, Jeff York, Ray Danton, and Dorothy Provine, as well as in multiple episodes of the ABC/WB private-eye series "77 Sunset Strip" and "Hawaiian Eye".  She made four guest appearances on "Perry Mason" between 1959–1963, including the role of murderer Barbara Heywood in the 1959 episode, "The Case of the Bedeviled Doctor". King continued to act on television until 1990 when she played her final role on the "Murder, She Wrote" episode, "The Fixer-Upper". She appeared twice more as herself on the A&E series, "Biography", recalling her work with Peter Lorre and Montgomery Clift.  For her contribution to television she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in February 1960.

Personal life.

According to her "Los Angeles Times" obituary, King was married to lawyer Nat Willis from 1940 until his death in 1970. In her later life, she authored children's books and was active in Democratic politics. During the 1952 presidential election, she supported the campaign of Adlai Stevenson. She was an Episcopalian.

Death.

On April 22, 2003, King died in hospice care while in residence at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital, in Woodland Hills, California. She was survived by a daughter and three grandchildren.

Andrea King (born Georgette André Barry, February 1, 1919 – April 22, 2003) was an American stage, film, and television actress, sometimes billed as Georgette McKee.

Andrea King (* 1. Februar 1919 in Paris als "Georgette Andre Barry"; † 22. April 2003 in Woodland Hills, Kalifornien) war eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin.


Plot.

The film runs two narratives simultaneously, preparation of the escape and the escape itself.  Frank Perry (Brian Cox) is a lifer and has long accepted that he will never see the outside again. When Perry receives his first letter in fourteen years that his cherished daughter is a drug addict and near death following an overdose, he starts to think about escaping. He plans an escape with help from Lenny Drake (Joseph Fiennes), Brodie (Liam Cunningham) and Viv Batista (Seu Jorge). But when Perry's new cellmate James Lacey (Dominic Cooper) gets noticed by Tony (the brother of the powerful inmate Rizza), things get more complicated and lead to Tony's death. When Perry receives the bad news that his daughter has died his plans change.  Perry nears freedom, as he climbs towards a London Underground exit. The story snaps back to within the prison where Perry is offering himself to be killed by Rizza for failing to bring Lacey to him for punishment. The escape scenes were Perry's hallucinations as he was dying, and he sacrificed himself to cause distraction, allowing the other prisoners to escape.

Production.

Writing.

The role of Frank Perry was written specifically for Brian Cox.  In an interview with Trevor Groth, Wyatt said "The structure of the film's plot was inspired by a well known short story written in the 19th century by Ambrose Bierce called "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"."

Locations.

Much of "The Escapist" was shot in Dublin's Kilmainham Gaol. A scene near the end is shot in the bascule chamber beneath Tower Bridge in London; it is exactly the same location where Wyatt's brother-in-law Boris Starling set the climax of his 2006 novel "Visibility". The Kingsway tramway subway also features in the film.

Extras.

The film is noted for featuring not only Irish WWE wrestler Sheamus (billed under his real name, Stephen Farrelly) in a main role but also future UFC star Conor McGregor as an extra playing a prisoner.

Music.

The film features Leonard Cohen's version of "The Partisan" and British band Coldplay who wrote an eponymous song for the film which features on the end credits and on their bestselling album "Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends" as a hidden track.

Reception.

Critical reception.

The film received a rating of 66% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 44 reviews. The site's consensus: "A tense, smart prison break movie, "The Escapist" is a sharp debut from director Rupert Wyatt".

Box office.

The North American box office total for the film was $13,439 with an additional $374,735 internationally for a worldwide total of $388,174.

Remake.

In 2015, it was announced that Liam Neeson will star in a remake with Wyatt as a producer.

The Escapist is a 2008 drama thriller starring Brian Cox, Joseph Fiennes, Liam Cunningham, Seu Jorge, Dominic Cooper, Steven Mackintosh, Stephen Farrelly and Damian Lewis. It is directed and co-written by Rupert Wyatt, and premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival to considerable acclaim. An Irish-UK co-production, the film was produced by Alan Moloney of Parallel Films and Adrian Sturges of Picture Farm.

The Escapist – Raus aus der Hölle ist ein britisch-irischer Spielfilm aus dem Jahr 2008. Der Debütfilm des Regisseurs Rupert Wyatt handelt vom Gefängnisinsassen Frank und dessen Ausbruchsversuch. Das Markante des Filmes sind die zwei Handlungsstränge, die abwechselnd erzählt werden.


Early life.

Beverley Jane Ogg was born on May 13, 1937, in Ottumwa, Iowa. She was the first born child of Wallace E. Ogg and Charlotte M. Vander Ploeg. She grew up in Ames, Iowa, where her father was a professor of agricultural economics at Iowa State University. Her mother died in 1953.

Career.

In 1956, Owen appeared in her first TV role in "As the World Turns". Owen appeared on the shows "The Doctors", "Kraft Mystery Theatre", "The Virginian", "Wagon Train", and "Another World", and in the feature film "Bullet for a Badman", starring Audie Murphy, after which she got the role of Marilyn Munster on "The Munsters". In 1972, she played Dr. Paula McCrea for nine months in the soap opera "Another World".

Personal life.

Owen left "The Munsters" after 13 episodes to marry "Sesame Street" writer and producer Jon Stone in Newfane, Vermont on June 27, 1964. They were married for ten years until 1974. She had two daughters, Polly and Kate. After her divorce in 1974 she continued to pursue her studies in early American history and earned a master's degree in 1989.

Death.

Owen's daughter Polly confirmed that the actress died of ovarian cancer on February 21, 2019, at the age of 81. Butch Patrick, her co-star on "The Munsters", released a Facebook statement on February 24, 2019, saying "Beautiful Beverly Owen has left us. What a sweet soul. I had the biggest crush on her. RIP Bev and thanks for your 13 memorable Marilyn Munster episodes." Her ashes were sprinkled in Woodford, Vermont's state park.

Beverley Owen (née Ogg; May 13, 1937February 21, 2019) was an American television actress, best known for having played the original role of Marilyn Munster on the sitcom "The Munsters" before the role was taken over by Pat Priest.

Beverley Owen (* 13. Mai 1937 als "Beverley Ogg" in Ottumwa, Iowa; † 21. Februar 2019) war eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin.


Early career.

Winnington became a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) British Communist Party around the year 1934. He became a branch secretary in Walthamstow after finding the party through discussions with leading British communist Harry Pollitt. After earning a press pass with the National Union of Journalists, Winnington became the press officer of the CPGB and was appointed chief editor of the "Daily Worker" (later renamed 'The Morning Star') for six years. In 1948 Winnington travelled to China to advise the Chinese Communist Party's information services while he accompanied the People's Liberation Army in the final stages of the Chinese Civil War. Around this time he began worked with Xinhua news department in Beijing.

Korean War – "I Saw Truth in Korea".

In 1950 Winnington became one of only two Western English-speaking correspondents to accompany communist forces in the Korean War, the other being Australian journalist Wilfred Burchett. Within his study of war correspondents, professor of Journalism Phillip Knightley wrote that "Burchett and Winnington were a better source of news than the UN information officers, and if the allied reporters did not see them they risked being beaten on stories". Despite a ban on communications with communist journalists such as Burchett and Winnington, many British and American journalist ignored the ban, considering their reports from the communist side as too valuable and important to miss and were widely considered as more trustworthy than official UN spokespeople.  In August 1950 Winnington published a pamphlet titled I Saw Truth in Korea with photographic evidence of mass graveyards containing the corpses 7,000 civilians executed by South Korean police near Taejon. Embarrassed by Winnington's leaflet, the Cabinet of the British government debated whether they could charge him with "treason", which if found guilty could lead to a death sentence. He was also accused of being involved in the interrogation of British prisoners of war in Korea. Though Winnington met with many British POWs held by the communist forces in Korea as he interviewed them and helped to improve their conditions, none of them have confirmed that Winnington ever took part in interrogations.  An investigation in 1999 leading to declassified US military archives later confirmed Winnington's claims that there was indeed a mass execution of civilians by South Korean forces near Taejon as was documented within "I Saw Truth in Korea."

Study of slave owners and headhunters.

In 1954 Winnington's passport expired and was not renewed by the British government authorities making him virtually stateless (though it was eventually renewed in 1968). Unable to return to Britain he decided to continue living in China. After hearing news of slave owning societies in south China which had been virtually untouched by the Chinese Civil War and Communist Revolution, he set out to investigate. During his journey to investigate slave owning societies he also travelled to the China-Burma border to interview head-hunters of the Wa people and the relatively peaceful Jingpaw (Jingpo). His findings were published in an anthropological study titled ""Slaves of the Cool Mountains: Travels Among The Head-hunters and Slave Owners in South-west China"."

Slavery.

In Liangshan (literally meaning ‘cool mountains’) in China's southwest between Sichuan and Yunnan, there existed a complex system of slavery and nobility among the Yi people (often called Lolo, Nuosu, though Winnington called them Norsu). The Yi people were split into "three social classes; the nuohuo" or Black Yi (nobles), "qunuo" or White Yi (commoners), and slaves. The White Yi were free and could own slaves and property but were bound to a lord. Other ethnic groups in Liangshan including Hans were held as slaves by the Yi. During the 1950s the Communist Party of China attempted to abolish the practice of slavery in rural China, a process which Winnington recorded in his writings. However, slavery as a way of life was so deeply entrenched within Yi society that it took years to convince the people, including many of the slaves themselves, that the system of slavery can be abolished. During his time in Liangshi, Winnington spent months interviewing Yi people from all social classes including slaves, slave owners, commoners and nobility.

Head-hunters.

After months with in Liangshan, Winnington travelled to the border between China and Burma to meet the Wa people, many of whom practiced head-hunting and would keep decapitated heads in baskets in an attempt to promote crop growth. Winnington wrote that by the time he was able to interview and record the Wa, including numerous head-hunters, that the practice of head-hunting was already in the process of being abolished. Winnington found that many of the Wa he interviewed viewed head-hunting as an embarrassing and shameful practice that they would be happy to see end.

Life in Germany.

Winnington arrived in East Germany from China in 1960 to start a new life in East Berlin as the "Daily Worker's" East Berlin correspondent. His family and children instead travelled to Britain without WInnington. He started a new family in Germany and married a woman called Ursula Wittbrodt, who later became Ursula Winnington in 1967. While in Germany he worked as a foreign correspondent for the "Daily Worker" and occasionally as an advisor on Asian politics for the East German government.  He began writing fiction alongside his work as a journalist, mostly novels of the crime-fiction genre.  In 1980 Winnington wrote his autobiography Breakfast with Mao which was published posthumously in 1986 after his death in 1983.

Alan Winnington (1916–1983) was a British journalist, war correspondent and communist activist known for his coverage of the Korean War and Chinese Communist Revolution.

Alan Winnington (* 16. März 1910 in London; † 26. November 1983 in Berlin) war ein britischer Journalist und Schriftsteller.


Early life.

Crawford was born in Lawrence County, Indiana and grew up on a farm while he attended school in Bedford, Indiana. He later attended law school at Cincinnati College. His parents were William and Jane (Morrow) Crawford, who were natives of North Carolina and had moved to Indiana Territory in 1815. His paternal grandparents were James and Mary (Fraser) Crawford, his grandfather having been a Revolutionary soldier.

Arrival in Kansas.

Samuel J. Crawford arrived in Kansas Territory and began the practice of law at Garnett, Kansas on March 1, 1859. In May of the same year of his arrival he attended the Osawatomie Convention and participated in the organization of the Republican Party in Kansas. In September of the same year he was a delegate to the Republican state convention at Topeka, which placed in nomination state officers under the Wyandotte Constitution.  In November 1859, he was elected a member of the first state Legislature, and assisted in putting the state government into operation.

Military career.

Toward the close of the first session the country was involved in war. He resigned his legislative seat to become captain in the 2nd Kansas Infantry. He participated in the 1861 Southwest Missouri campaign led by General Lyon, and took part in all the engagements, including the crucial Battle of Wilson's Creek. In March 1862, Crawford was assigned command of Company A, 2nd Kansas Cavalry, and later commanded of a battalion in the same regiment.  With the 2nd Kansas Cavalry he was with General James G. Blunt in Southwest Missouri, Arkansas, and Indian Territory until early in the fall of 1862. During that time he participated in the battles of Newtonia, Old Fort Wayne, Cane Hill, Bald Peak, Cove Creek, Prairie Grove and Van Buren. At Old Fort Wayne he led his battalion in the charge which resulted in the capture of an entire battery of artillery.  On March 12, 1863, he was assigned command of the 2nd Kansas Cavalry and soon afterward joined Blunt at Fort Gibson for an expedition south through the Choctaw Nation. This campaign ended with the taking of Fort Smith, Arkansas and Colonel Crawford was instrumental in capturing a number of prisoners, wagons, horses, a Confederate paymaster and $40,000 of Confederate money.  In November 1863, he was appointed colonel of the 2nd Kansas (Colored) Infantry (later the 83rd U.S. Colored Troops). His regiment participated in the Camden Expedition and performed admirably in the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry where it relieved an Indiana regiment and captured a rebel artillery battery consisting of three guns. In March 1864, he joined General Frederick Steele on an expedition to the Red River under the general command of General Nathaniel Banks. At Jenkins Ferry his command lost heavily and his own horse was shot.

Governor.

While still in active service, on September 8, 1864, Crawford was nominated for governor of Kansas. On October 1 he was granted a leave of absence, the first he had had since entering the service at the beginning of the war. However, on arriving in Kansas learned of Price's Missouri Raid. Instead of entering the canvass for office, he at once reported to and was assigned to the staff of General Samuel R. Curtis. For meritorious services on the field of battle he was brevetted Brigadier General on March 13, 1865.  On November 8, 1864, he was elected governor, and on January 9, 1865 took the oath of office; On September 5, 1866 he became the first person to be re-elected governor of Kansas.  Governor Crawford resigned on November 4, 1868 to take command of the 19th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry which was to join the 7th United States Cavalry in the Custer-Sheridan Winter Campaign of 1868–69.

Retirement.

After retiring from the governorship Crawford was in the real estate business at Emporia, Kansas until 1876, when he moved to Topeka to undertake the prosecution of certain claims against the United States for indemnity school lands, and in this he rendered much aid to Kansas. Subsequently, he moved to Washington, DC, and practiced law there for a number of years. Among other activities Crawford published "Kansas in the '60s", a work which attracted much attention as a picture of conditions in early Kansas history.  On December 1, 1870 he formed the Florence Town Company. It was a group of men who learned of the proposed route of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway who decided on a town site where the railroad would cross the Cottonwood River. He named the town, Florence, in honor of his daughter.

Legacy.

Samuel J. Crawford is the namesake of Crawford County, Kansas. Many cities in Kansas also have streets named after Crawford.

Samuel Johnson Crawford (April 10, 1835 – October 21, 1913) was an American Civil War General in the Union armies, and the third Governor of Kansas (1865–1868). He also served as one of the first members of the Kansas Legislature.

Samuel Johnson Crawford (* 10. April 1835 im Lawrence County, Indiana; † 21. Oktober 1913 in Topeka, Kansas) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker und von 1865 bis 1868 der dritte Gouverneur des Bundesstaates Kansas.


Political career.

He joined the Eritrean Liberation Front in 1967. He was an independent activist during Eritrea's war of independence from Ethiopia. Post-independence, he served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs before his last posting as Minister of Local Government. During this time he was also appointed Chairman of the Committee to prepare the draft laws concerning the first round of National Elections and the Political Party laws. Once the drafts were completed the Chairman of the National Assembly (and President), Isaias Afewerki summoned a report on the drafts. Mahmoud Ahmed Sherifo was detained for his hazy role (schemes that occurred on May 19, 1993), and for orchestrating a coup d'état in 2001.

Arrest.

He has been detained since 2001 following the G-15 affair. Dissidents suggest he has been detained for campaigning for democratic reforms, while official sources contend that his detention is a consequence of "discreetly...solicit[ing] support in government circles for ousting the president, and to seek US and UN intervention to end the war on Ethiopia's surrender terms" while being detained. In September 2001 he was detained indefinitely along with other politicians who were known as the G-15, a group which opposed the rule of Eritrean president Isaias Afewerki. Mahmud along with 15 other ministers were arrested by the ruling front and detained in unknown location ever since. The ministers were criticizing the border war of the then president, Isaia and signed an open letter. He was fired along with other opposing members and was detained on 18 September 2001. He was considered a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International. Although Eritrea has no post of vice president, nonetheless some sources have listed Sherifo as the vice president, and continue to do so (2006).  Amnesty International has named him a prisoner of conscience and called for his immediate release.

Mahmoud Ahmed Sherifo (born 1948), commonly known simply as Sherifo, served briefly as the Head of State of Eritrea while the President was away. He joined the Eritrean Liberation Front in 1967. He was an independent activist during Eritrea's war of independence from Ethiopia. Post-independence, he served in various capacities as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Local Government.

Mahmoud Ahmed Sherifo (* 1948 in der Südregion, Eritrea) ist ein eritreischer Politiker. Er trat 1967 der Eritreischen Befreiungsfront bei. 1992 wurde er der zweite Außenminister des Landes, als Nachfolger von Mohammed Said Bareh. Von 2000 bis 2001 war er Innenminister.


History.

Distillation is an ancient practice that can be traced back to the first century AD. While the distillation of alcohol may have been carried out reliably by the School of Salerno in the 12th century, fractional distillation was developed by Taddeo Alderotti in the 13th century. There is a legend that tells of a Roman soldier who first distilled grappa in the northern Italian town of Bassano del Grappa using distilling equipment stolen in Egypt ("Crisiopea di Cleopatra" 2nd century AD). However, the story cannot be considered reliable as such equipment could not produce grappa. Distillation useful for producing beverages was not discovered until the eighth century, and it likely took about two more centuries for the technology to travel from its home in the Levant and Persia to Italy (likely by route of the Crusades).  Around 1300–1400 AD, however, the introduction of water as a coolant in the distilling equipment made it possible to produce a substantially larger amount of distilled wine and to distill pomace. Around 1600 AD, the Jesuits in Spain, Italy and Germany studied and codified the techniques used to produce brandy or grappa, and their methods were used until recent times. The Museum of Wine and Grappa shows historical equipment used in the early years of grappa distillation.  The modernisation of grappa distillation is relatively recent, probably in 1979 in Northern Italy. Initially it was carried out by direct flame but soon the advantages of a bain-marie or steam distillation to obtain a better product became obvious. Modern refinements included the distillation of pomace under vacuum, the use of varietal grapes and ageing in casks of various types of wood to improve the flavor of the liquor. Oak is the most used, but some more expensive grappas are aged successively in casks of acacia, ash and cherry-wood, an innovation introduced by the Marzadro Distillery. In Sardinia, Grappa is colloquially known as Filu è Ferru (iron wire), as most of the distillation was illegally home-made to avoid customs and excise taxes. The illegally distilled liquor was bottled, sealed and then buried in orchards, fields and pastures, awaiting sale. A bit of iron wire was tied around the bottleneck, barely protruding through the soil; after some time the wire would rust and disappear completely save for a faintly brown-red stain to the topsoil on the spot where the bottle was buried. While the peasant distiller could easily recognize the colored spot, the urban-schooled Guardia di Finanza officers were generally unable to tell the difference.

Tasting.

Professional tasters distinguish among four categories of grappa: young, cask-conditioned, aromatic, and aromatized. Grappa tastings begin with young grappas, then continue with cask-conditioned and aromatic grappas, and finish with aromatized grappas.  When the tasting involves more than one grappa from the same category, the examination begins with the grappa that has the lowest alcohol content and concludes with the product richest in alcohol. When two grappas have the same alcohol content, the tasting begins with the smoother and less markedly flavored product, which the organizer of the tasting will have selected beforehand.  Another way to "taste" grappa is by rubbing a small amount on the back of the hand and sniffing. If the aroma is pleasant, the grappa is well made. Impurities in grappa come out in the vapor and can be easily distinguished in this way.  After each tasting, and before sampling another glass, some tasters recommend drinking half a glass of milk to refresh the taste receptors on the tongue.  Various other food products can help stop taste-characteristics of one grappa from "dragging" or carrying over to the next. Foods that are effective in this role as well as providing an agreeable accompaniment to grappa's own flavor include:  With the introduction of "boutique" grappas, elaborate flute glasses have been promoted; traditionalists continue to taste grappa in shot glasses.

Grappa is an alcoholic beverage: a fragrant, grape-based pomace brandy of Italian origin that contains 35 to 60 percent alcohol by volume (70 to 120 US proof). Grappa is traditionally produced in Northern Italy and is also widely consumed in places like Argentina, Bulgaria and Uruguay.

Grappa ("der" oder "die", Mehrzahl: "Grappas", Mehrzahl auf ) ist ein aus Italien oder der italienischen Schweiz stammender Tresterbrand. Dieser wird aus den vergorenen alkoholhaltigen Pressrückständen der Weinherstellung, dem Trester, destilliert. Grappa hat einen Mindestalkoholgehalt von 37,5 Volumenprozent. Der Maximalgehalt beträgt für gewöhnlich 60 Volumenprozent, kann aber auch 70 Volumenprozent übersteigen. Die beliebtesten Grappas werden aus den Trestern roter Trauben gewonnen. Durch das Holz von Lagerfässern können Farbe und Geschmack/Geruch bestimmt werden. So besitzen Grappas aus Kirschholzfässern einen süßeren, die aus Eichenholzfässern einen herberen Geschmack. Eine lange Lagerung in Kastanienholzfässern bringt eine bräunliche Farbe. Da die Schalen von weißen Trauben immer noch Zucker enthalten, werden sie mit Most aufgegossen und abermals vergoren. Der entstandene Wein wird anschließend destilliert. So entstehen Traubenbrände aus weißen Sorten.


Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach

Biography.

Eleonore Erdmuthe Louise was the eldest child of John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, and Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein. Of her seven younger siblings, only four survived to adulthood: Frederick August, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Eisenach, John George II, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, John William III, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach and Fredericka Elisabeth (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weisselfels).  In Eisenach on 4 November 1681, Eleonore married firstly John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach as his second wife.  After the death of her husband (22 March 1686), the government of Brandenburg-Ansbach passed to her stepson Christian Albert (eldest surviving son of her husband's first marriage), who being a minor ruled under a regency. Because her relationship with her stepchildren was not good since the beginning, Eleonore and her children moved to Crailsheim, where they lived in poverty; shortly after, she returned alone to her homeland Eisenach, while her children were sent to Berlin, where they became companions of Frederick William, Electoral Prince of Brandenburg. In November 1691 Eleonore also arrived in Berlin to actively participate in the negotiations of her second marriage.

Electress of Saxony.

In Leipzig on 17 April 1692, Eleonore married secondly John George IV, Elector of Saxony and moved with her children to Dresden, where the Saxon court was established. The wedding was concluded at the insistence of Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg (who wanted to secure an alliance with Saxony) and the Dowager Electress Anna Sophie of Denmark, ostensibly to produce legitimate heirs to the Electorate of Saxony but truly to end the liaison between her son and his mistress, Magdalene Sibylle "Billa" of Neidschutz.  The union proved to be unsuccessful; John George IV lived openly with Billa, and she became the first ever Official Mistress ("Favoritin") of an Elector of Saxony; while Eleonore was relegated to the "Hofe" (the official residence of the Elector). In addition, the Electress suffered two miscarriages during their marriage, in August 1692 and February 1693, and a phantom pregnancy in December 1693. In March 1693 began rumors at the Saxon court that Eleonore was not the lawful wife of John George IV, because at the time of their marriage, he was already married with Billa; There was even found a document confirming the conclusion of a marriage contract between the Elector of Saxony and his mistress, but John George IV (probably fearing the anger of the Hohenzollerns) said that he did not consider this contract as a formal marriage, and that it was only made for the purpose of legitimizing his offspring with Billa. Nevertheless, throughout his marriage, John George IV desperately wanted to legitimize the relationship with his mistress and tried to get rid of his wife and her children; fearing for her and her children's lives, Eleonore left the "Hofe" and settled in Pretzsch. During this time, Eleonore confided in the English diplomat George Stepney, who wrote extensively about her and the Saxon court.

Later life.

John George IV died on 27 April 1694 from smallpox after being infected by the dying Billa. The new Elector, Frederick Augustus I allowed the Dowager Electress and her children to remain in Pretzsch, where they lived until Eleonore's death two years later, on 9 September 1696. She was buried at Freiberg Cathedral.  After her death, Eleonore's children were sent back to Ansbach to the court of their older half-brother George Frederick II, who became in the new Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach after Christian Albert's death in 1692. George Frederick II, as well as his predecessor, was a minor and ruled under a regency, who had little interest in the education of the children. William Frederick stayed in Ansbach and in 1703 after the death of his brother inherited the Margraviate; Caroline went to Berlin at Charlottenburg Palace under the care of Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg, and his wife, Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, who was a friend of Eleonore.

Issue.

She had three children:

Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach (13 April 1662 – 9 September 1696), was a German princess member of the House of Wettin and through her two marriages was Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (from 1681 to 1686) and Electress of Saxony (from 1692 to 1694).

Eleonore Erdmuthe L(o)uise von Sachsen-Eisenach (* 13. April 1662 in Friedewald; † 9. September 1696 auf Schloss Pretzsch in Pretzsch) war eine deutsche Prinzessin aus dem Geschlecht der ernestinischen Wettiner und durch Heirat nacheinander Markgräfin von Brandenburg-Ansbach und Kurfürstin von Sachsen.


Professional wrestling career.

Abdullah Farouk.

Ernie Roth got his start in the entertainment business as a disc jockey. He became involved in professional wrestling as a manager in the 1960s in Detroit-based territories. Roth first worked under the names "Mr. Clean" and "J. Wellington Radcliffe." He also portrayed "Abdullah Farouk", the heel (villainous) manager of The Sheik. He frequently appeared on the Toronto wrestling circuit, where local announcer Lord Athol Layton would usually refer to him as "The weasel, Abdullah Farouk".  Sporting a turban, Farouk took great pains in trying to control his madman protégé. But he also carved a niche for himself as a deceitful, underhanded character who insulted US fans whenever he had a chance. Farouk was a pioneer of "manager interference", as he physically would attempt to alter a match's outcome in the Sheik's favor. This sort of interference was rare at the time.  Once the Sheik was scheduled to wrestle 625 lbs Haystacks Calhoun Manager Abdulla Farouk (The Grand Wizard, Ernie Roth) when asked about the upcoming match by WWWF announcer Ray Morgan stepped up to the microphone said “Ashes to Ashes dust to dust if the Camel Clutch does not get you Calhone but the fire must”

The Grand Wizard.

Roth began a stint with the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) in the 1970s, where he became known as The Grand Wizard. Roth, who was Jewish, reportedly took the name "The Grand Wizard" as a snub to the white supremacy organization the Ku Klux Klan, whose leaders were called Grand Wizard.  Almost immediately after arrival in 1971, the Wizard managed Black Jack Mulligan and Beautiful Bobby. He later lead Mr Fuji and Prof. Toru Tanaka to two reigns with the WWWF World Tag Team Championship. A year later, the Wizard led Stan Stasiak to victory over Pedro Morales for the WWF Championship in Philadelphia on December 1, 1973. The Wizard guided a second protégé, Superstar Billy Graham, to the very same championship on April 30, 1977, when Graham overcame Sammartino in Baltimore. On February 20, 1978, Bob Backlund took on Superstar Billy Graham for the WWF Championship at Madison Square Garden and dethroned the champion. The Wizard made it his duty to gain revenge on Backlund, sending charges such as Don Muraco, Ken Patera and Greg Valentine after him.  The Wizard managed the first Intercontinental Champion Pat Patterson, and later Patera (who defeated Patterson for the title in April 1980 after the Wizard and Patterson parted ways) and Muraco to the same championship. Other protégés of the Wizard included "Beautiful" Bobby Harmon, Killer Kowalski, "Crazy" Luke Graham, Sgt. Slaughter, "Big Cat" Ernie Ladd, Ox Baker, and Cowboy Bob Orton.

Other media.

Roth on many occasions (when out of character and greasepaint mustache) co-hosted the syndicated "Big Time Wrestling" show with fellow announcer Bob Finnegan until 1969 when the hosting duties went to Lord Athol Layton.

Personal life.

Roth was revealed to be homosexual after his death, although some claim they were aware of his sexual orientation during his lifetime. He was the godfather of protégé Don Muraco's daughter. His parents were Evrum (Edward) Roth and Rizel (Rose) Stern.  According to former WWE referee & wrestler Dangerous Danny Davis autobiography, Roth was also in charge of helping get the ring to all shows. The position was eventually taken over by Davis himself after Roth's death.  On October 12, 1983, Roth died of a heart attack. In 1995, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 1995 by his friend and protégé Sgt. Slaughter.

Irwin "Ernie" Roth (August 30, 1926 – October 12, 1983), known by the ring names The Grand Wizard of Wrestling and Abdullah Farouk, was an American professional wrestling manager. Not a wrestler himself due to his small stature, he was noted for his flamboyant outfit of sequined jackets, wraparound sunglasses, and a brightly colored turban decorated with jewels and feathers. He was inducted into the WWE's Hall of Fame class of 1995.

Ernie Roth (* 7. Juni 1929 in Canton, Ohio; † 12. Oktober 1983), besser bekannt als The Grand Wizard war ein US-amerikanischer Wrestlingmanager.


General.

Primarily, it was a title for Greek gods and heroes that typically indicated one who was an originator or ancestor, especially of new colonies or settlements. This could be seen most commonly with Apollo, but sometimes also with Heracles and the heroes of the demes of Attica, and the Thracian horseman.

Apollo.

Archegetes was notably an epithet of the Greek god Apollo, under which he was worshipped in several places, as at Naxos in Sicily, where Archegetes was the most popular cult of Apollo, and at Megara. The name has reference either to Apollo as the leader and protector of colonies, or as the founder of towns in general, in which case the import of the name is nearly the same as Δεὸς πατρῷος. The altar of Apollo Archegetes at Naxos had particular importance as Naxos was the first Greek colony, founded in 734 BC. Though the altar was initially likely set up due to the maritime aspects of Apollo - most importantly the God of Happy Landing, έκβάσιος - the aspect of foundation, Archegetes, grew more important over time. As Archegetes was the aspect of Apollo relating to foundations and hence colonisation, the altar became a symbolic foundation and center of Sicilian Greek identity. Due to this symbolically central role, Greeks leaving Sicily would often visit the altar - Malkin describes it as a <nowiki>"</nowiki>"ritualistic point of departure"<nowiki>"</nowiki>. Equally, it was a <nowiki>"</nowiki>"symbol of arrival common to them all'"<nowiki>"</nowiki> when they came "to" Sicily. The pan-Sikeliote nature of Apollo Archegetes is also evident in Timoleon's use of the god as the symbol of his "symmachia", or alliance.  The Apollo Archegetes at Naxos was Pythian, rather than Delian, with regard to its identity - it was connected to the similarly pan-Hellenic Delphic oracle.  Archegetes was also an epithet of the Greek god Asclepius, under which he was worshipped at Tithorea in Phocis.

Archegetes () is a Greek word that meant, effectively, "leader" or "founder". It could refer to a number of different things in classical antiquity.

Archeget(es) (altgriechisch "archēgétēs" „Anführer“, „Ahnherr“, „Gründer“) ist ein altgriechischer Funktionstitel oder Beiname von antiken Heroen (Helden), manchmal in der Bedeutung des „Stammvaters“ seines Volkes.


Biography.

Debut and "Negramaro".

Negramaro formed in 1999 in Copertino, near Lecce. In the beginning, helped by live performances, they received good reviews. That improved when they met producer Caterina Caselli, who taught them how to record music.  In 2001 they won the Tim Tour and ended as finalists at the MTV Brand New Talent.  Their first album, "Negramaro", was released in 2003. The sound of the album was too alternative for the Italian public, so it did not have much success. Two singles were released. They were minor hits: "Mono" and "Solo".

The "000577" Project.

In 2004, Negramaro met Italian producer Corrado Rustici to work on a few songs. The collaboration between them spawned a brand new track, "Scusa Se Non Piango", and three remixes of previous songs: "Es-Senza", "Evidentemente" and "Come Sempre". The four tracks were added to the other songs from their first album to create "000577", a new edition of their debut work.  This new edition gave the band a more pop-rock feeling, which was more suitable for the Italian public. The 2004 version of "Come Sempre" was released as a single with better success of the previous ones, and was even chosen as the soundtrack to celebrate the 50th birthday of the Italian TV network RAI.

"Mentre Tutto Scorre": Commercial success.

Negramaro performed the song "Mentre Tutto Scorre" at the Sanremo Festival in 2005, but were eliminated at the first turn. The song was the first single released from their eponymous second album.  After the festival, eight of their songs were chosen as the soundtrack of the Italian film "La Febbre", starring Fabio Volo.  This helped the band to launch their success: despite the Sanremo disappoinment, the single "Mentre Tutto Scorre" was a success. The second single, "Estate", was even more successful, giving the band their first #1 in the Italian airplay chart. "Solo3min" and "Nuvole e Lenzuola" followed the success of the first two singles.  Thanks to hit singles, good performances and critics, their album "Mentre Tutto Scorre" gained a lot of success, being certified 6× platinum in Italy.  This album was different to the first one: it was entirely produced by Corrado Rustici, and took the band in a pop rock direction rather than their classic alternative style. Their change gave them success through radio, music marketing and fans.  The album was accompanied by a tour later released on the "Negramaro Live" DVD in 2006.  Their single "Nuvole e Lenzuola" is included in the game "Guitar Hero World Tour".  Their fifth studio album "Casa 69" was recorded at Metalworks Studios in Mississauga, Ontario.  Their sixth studio album "La rivoluzione sta arrivando" was released on 25 September 2015.

Negramaro is an Italian pop band formed in 1999 and successful since 2005. Their name stems from "Negroamaro", a wine produced in their native district, Salento in Apulia.

Negramaro ist eine italienische Pop-Rock-Band. Gegründet wurde sie 2001 in der Provinz Lecce, der Name leitet sich von der Weinsorte Negroamaro ab, die dort heimisch ist. Die Mitglieder der Band sind Giuliano Sangiorgi, Emanuele Spedicato, Ermanno Carlà, Danilo Tasco, Andrea Mariano und Andrea De Rocco.


Career.

Harrer began her career as ice hockey goaltender at the age of 5 at SB Rosenheim. Later she trained with TEV Miesbach and was the regular goaltender with the ESC Planegg in the Ladies-Bundesliga, before she ahead of the season 2003/04 moved to her grandparents in Reichersbeuern, to play in the DNL (Rookie)-Team of Tölzer Löwen (Lions of Bad Tölz). In the season 2007/08 she played in the colors of the Tölzer Profimannschaft as the first woman ever to play in the German professional Eishockeyoberliga. As the Tölzer Löwen moved on to play in the 2. Eishockey-Bundesliga she transferred to TSV Erding, where her elder brother Daniel had played for several years. In the season 2010/11, she played for TSV Erding in the Deutsche Fraueneishockey-Liga (women league elite in Germany). In 2012, she was playing again for Tölzer Löwen. She stands and weighs.  Viona Harrer became a Corporal in the German Bundeswehr Sportfördergruppe der Bundeswehr.

Internationally.

Already at the age of 16 years old, she belonged to the extended squad if the Deutsche Nationalmannschaft (German Ladies Ice Hockey National Team) and traveled to the 2003 World Championship in Peking, which was canceled due to the SARS-Epidemics. One year later in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, she had her first assignment in a world championship. Due to some injuries she had to skip the 2006 Winter Olympics, and could not participate internationally until 2007.  At the 2008 World Championship, she and her German team finished 9th and were relegated to Division I.

Viona Harrer (born 5 November 1986) is a German female ice hockey goaltender, who played for the otherwise all-male Team Tölzer Löwen and for the Germany women's national ice hockey team. At a 2009 Women's Four Nations Tournament held in Slovakia, Harrer was named the tournament's top goaltender.

Viona Harrer (* 5. November 1986 in Rosenheim) ist eine deutsche Eishockeytorhüterin und -feldspielerin, die seit 2017 für den EC Bad Tölz in der Fraueneishockey-Landesliga Bayern spielt. Zuvor war sie über viele Jahre Torhüterin der deutschen Nationalmannschaft und bei verschiedenen Herrenmannschaften aktiv.