Launch.

The phone was initially launched in Singapore on June 4, 2010. Before the end of its first weekend on sale in Singapore, Samsung tweeted that Singtel, the exclusive carrier to sell the device in Singapore, was sold out of devices. On Friday, June 25, 2010, the phone was launched in Malaysia and South Korea. Overall the launch schedule comprised launches on 110 carriers in 100 countries at the same time. U.S. Variants named as Epic, Vibrant, Fascinate, Captivate, and Mesmerize were released from June through September 2010.

Reception.

CNET Asia gave the Galaxy S a favorable review with a score of 8.4/10. The Galaxy S was compared to current high-end Android-based phones such as the HTC Desire, Xperia X10, Nexus One, and smartphones using different operating systems like the iPhone 4, which runs iOS, and HTC HD2, which runs Windows Mobile in CNET Asia.  GSMArena.com described the Galaxy S as having "perfect audio quality," claiming the phone's superior all-round performance made it a "new leader of the Android pack."  TIME listed the Galaxy S as #2 device in "Top 10 Gadgets" of 2010, praising its Super AMOLED display.  The phone was criticized by some reviewers for sub-par GPS performance. Anandtech, reviewing the Epic 4G variant, said, "the phone will take an inordinate amount of time to determine your actual location, and/or it won’t pinpoint your location very accurately." Engadget described the GPS in the Vibrant and Captivate variants as "utterly broken and non-functional... this is a problem for which there's no reasonable explanation why it made it all the way to retail devices." Samsung released an application for the Captivate and Vibrant variants only that resets the phone's GPS settings to factory defaults. TechRadar acknowledged GPS faults in the Galaxy S and stated that these have been fixed in the Google Nexus S. There is, however, a solution to the problem and it includes opening it and welding the antenna contacts with the motherboard.

Hardware.

Processor.

The Samsung Galaxy S used the Samsung S5PC110 processor. This processor combined a 45 nm 1 GHz ARM Cortex-A8 based CPU core with a PowerVR SGX 540 GPU made by Imagination Technologies which supported OpenGL ES 1.1/2.0 and is capable of up to 20 million triangles per second. The CPU core, code-named "Hummingbird", was co-developed by Samsung and Intrinsity. This processor was subsequently renamed to the Samsung Exynos 3110 in October 2011.

Memory.

The Samsung Galaxy S has 512 MB of LPDDR1 RAM (Mobile DDR). Some variants also come with either 8 GB or 16 GB of OneNAND memory combined in a package-on-package stack with the processor. An external microSD card slot supports up to 32 GB of additional storage memory.

Screen.

The Samsung Galaxy S uses a Super AMOLED touch screen covered by Gorilla Glass, a special crack and scratch resistant material. The screen is a WVGA PenTile display manufactured by Samsung.

Audio.

The phone uses Wolfson's WM8994 DAC as its audio hub.

Camera.

Samsung Galaxy S has 5 Megapixel camera with no optical but digital zoom. It has sensor type 1/3.6" (rectangle 4×3 mm), which is a bit smaller in size than usual sensor in digital compact cameras, which have 1/2.33"-1/2.5" type sensor.

GPS.

The Samsung Galaxy 'S' was well known for the poor performance of the GPS module. This was due to poor electrical connectivity caused by the use of 'conductive rubber'. Modification of the i9000 to improve GPS performance was a popular hardware modification within the handset hacker community.

Software.

User interface.

The phone employs the proprietary Samsung TouchWiz 3.0 user interface. Unlike TouchWiz 3.0 on the Samsung Wave, it allows up to seven homescreens. However, different from other Android user interfaces, TouchWiz 3.0 allows users to add, delete and rearrange homescreens. The program launcher is also different from other Android user interfaces in that it has an iOS-like program menu which allows customization of shortcuts. In addition, three of the four shortcuts at the bottom of the screen can also be customized.  The Epic 4G features a specialized version of TouchWiz based on TouchWiz 3.0. Because of the Epic 4G's QWERTY slide-out keyboard, the homescreen needed to be able to rotate into landscape mode. The other Galaxy S TouchWiz 3.0 devices do not support this feature.  The most important aspect of all three generations of TouchWiz is the widget interface. The most prominent widgets that come with the Galaxy S are the Daily Briefing, weather clock and the Buddies Now widget. In addition to Samsung widgets, standard Android widgets can be added and removed from the homescreens.

Bundled applications.

Other provided software includes the Layar Reality Browser, a program that visualizes GPS direction, and Aldiko, an ebook reader. The phone also comes with various upgraded versions of software that came with Samsung's previous generation of smartphones (such as i8910HD and i8000 Omnia II).

Media support.

The Galaxy S comes with support for many multimedia file formats, including audio codecs (FLAC, WAV, Vorbis, MP3, AAC, AAC+, eAAC+, WMA, AMR-NB, AMR-WB, MID, AC3, XMF), video codecs (mpeg4, H.264, H.263, Sorenson codec, DivX HD/ XviD, VC-1) and video formats (3GP (MPEG-4), WMV (Advanced Systems Format), AVI (divx), MKV, FLV).

Updates.

Android 2.2 upgrade.

At the time of launch, the Galaxy S had Android 2.1 ("Eclair") installed. An official upgrade to Android 2.2 ("Froyo") began rolling out worldwide in November 2010.  Canada received the 2.2 upgrade for select carriers on December 10, 2010.  According to Samsung the 2.2 upgrade has come to the United States in 2011 for most versions of the handset (AT&T Captivate, Verizon Fascinate, T-mobile Vibrant, Sprint Epic). The 2.2 upgrade was released for T-Mobile on January 20, 2011. It enabled stock Android features that had previously been disabled such as Wi-Fi calling and mobile AP.  Verizon's Fascinate was upgraded to Android 2.2 in April 2011. Verizon's Continuum variant was upgraded to 2.2 in February 2012.

Android 2.3 upgrade.

An Android 2.3 ("Gingerbread") update became available for Nordic countries, The Netherlands and Germany on April 16, 2011. The update reached UK, India and HongKong by the start of Nov, 2011. Singapore received the update in June. Australia received the update in August. The Samsung Epic for Sprint started receiving the Gingerbread update on November 9, 2011 and the update was released for the Samsung Galaxy S 4G on November 15. As of December 1, 2011, the Samsung Fascinate on Verizon has been updated to Gingerbread 2.3 (Droid-Life).  T-Mobile in the United States made the 2.3 upgrade available on November 15, 2011. Currently, this update is only available on T-Mobile's 4G model (SGH-T959V). T-Mobile USA never produced a 2.3 update for its original Samsung Galaxy S (SGH-T959). The SGH-T959V update is available at their website. On January 10, 2012, AT&T provided an update to Gingerbread (2.3.5) to the owners of the Captivate (SGH-I897). The update was possible through a manual update using Kies Mini.

Android 4.0 and later.

An official update to Android 4.0 was never released, as Samsung felt that the Galaxy S did not have enough memory (RAM) to run the TouchWiz interface on top of Android 4.0. In lieu of Android 4.0, Samsung released a "Value Pack" update for the Galaxy S in March 2012 in South Korea, which maintains the 2.3 (Gingerbread) -based operating system, but includes new features from TouchWiz 4.0 (some of which are backported from 4.0) such as Face Unlock, improvements to the launcher, the ability to take still photographs while recording video, and a redesigned photo editor.  However, unaffiliated developers associated with CyanogenMod produced unofficial updates based on Android 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 for the Galaxy S and its variants. These updates are developed from Android Open Source Project code. LineageOS 14.1, based on Android 7.1, has also been ported to the device.

Unofficial.

The device was popular with the software modification community due to the popularity of the handset and supported by CyanogenMod until the demise of the project. The Galaxy S is currently supported by the Replicant project. In 2017, LineageOS v14.1 (which is CyanogenMod"s successor) based on Android 7.1.2 Nougat, was unofficially ported to XDA.

Variants.

International.

International versions of the Galaxy S closely resemble the 'GT-I9000' reference version.

GT-I9000B.

The Brazilian "GT-I9000B" includes an ISDB-T 1seg digital television tuner with program guide, closed caption and recording support. The units are manufactured locally by Samsung to take advantage of tax cuts associated with local production.

GT-I9000M.

The Canadian "GT-I9000M" drops UMTS band VIII support for UMTS band V support. Bell, Virgin Mobile and SaskTel offer the model.

GT-I9000T.

The "GT-I9000T" changes UMTS band VIII support for UMTS band V support. It is offered by Telcel in Mexico, Telstra in Australia and numerous other carriers throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.

GT-I9000/M8.

The "GT-I9000/M8" is the only model to include a quad-band 3G UMTS radio. It is offered primarily in Australia and New Zealand.

GT-I9003.

The "GT-I9003" is a late-model, reduced-cost version of the Galaxy S. It substitutes the 4-inch Super AMOLED screen with a cheaper 4-inch SuperClear-LCD screen. It also swaps the Hummingbird SoC with a Texas Instruments OMAP 3630 SoC, which includes the slower PowerVR SGX530 graphics processor and TWL5030 DAC. To compensate for the increased power draw of the SC-LCD screen, battery capacity is increased from 1,500 to 1,650 mAh.

North America.

North American versions of the Galaxy S moderately differ from the "GT-I9000" reference version. Most use a 4-button layout, drop the FM tuner and front camera, and include UMTS band V support. A number of models also include 4G support and a physical QWERTY keyboard.

Captivate.

AT&T released this variant (SGH-I897) for the United States on July 18, 2010, while Rogers released its own variant (SGH-I896) for Canada. Both variants include 16 GB of internal flash memory, but without the front camera, FM radio and LED camera flash present on other Galaxy S variants. Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" is available for this model. The Rogers version includes minor GPS functionality differences and the ability to use HSUPA.

Vibrant.

T-Mobile released this variant (SGH-T959) for the United States on July 15, 2010. It is the third Android 2.x phone officially supported by T-Mobile (after the Nexus One and MyTouch 3G Slide). Like the Captivate, it includes 16 GB of internal flash memory, but omits the front camera and FM radio, and lacks an LED camera flash. The SGH-T959 was only updated through Android 2.2.1.  T-Mobile and Wind Mobile also released the closely named Vibrant 4G (SGH-T959V/W) in February 2011. It adds HSPA+ support and a 1.3-megapixel front-facing camera. Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" is the last version available for this model.

Fascinate.

Verizon released this variant (SCH-I500) for the United States on September 9, 2010. It omits the front camera and FM radio of the base model, but adds a LED flash. Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" is available. Its release was accompanied by some controversy over Verizon's decision to replace Google Search with Bing as the primary search engine.  The SCH-I500 is also known as the Mesmerize for US Cellular and the Showcase for C Spire and Ntelos.

Galaxy S Showcase.

Available on Straight Talk/NET10. Similar to the Verizon Fascinate (SCH-I500) but is thinner and lighter.

Epic 4G.

Sprint released this variant (SPH-D700) for the United States on August 31, 2010. It lacks an FM radio, but it includes a LED flash, a message indication LED, a full slide-out QWERTY keyboard and 4G WiMax support. The included edition of TouchWiz in Android 2.1 had to be reworked to support landscape mode when using the QWERTY keyboard.  Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" is available as an official carrier upgrade, while it is possible to upgrade to Android 4.4 ("KitKat") with Cyanogenmod.

Stratosphere.

The Verizon Stratosphere (SCH-I405) is similar to the Epic 4G. Main differences are an upgraded 1.3 MP front camera, 4G LTE support and no message LED. The US Cellular Metrix (SCH-I405U) adds several bands to the LTE support. All models were released with Android 2.3.

Indulge.

The MetroPCS variant (SCH-R910) was released on February 21, 2011, for the United States. It was the first LTE smartphone at the time of its release. The Indulge shrinks the screen size from 4 inches to 3.5 inches, removes the front-facing camera, reduces the camera to 3.2 megapixels, removes the flash, lowers the screen resolution 480×320 pixels, and adds a full QWERTY keyboard. The Cricket model (SCH-R915) lacks LTE support, but adds CDMA 1xEV-DO support over AWS Band IV.

Galaxy Proclaim.

Available on Straight Talk/NET10. Similar to the Cricket Indulge (SCH-R915) but lacks the QWERTY keyboard.

Infuse.

AT&T released this variant (SGH-I997) for the United States on May 15, 2011, while Rogers released it for Canada on July 26, 2011. It includes a faster 1.2 GHz version of the Exynos "Hummingbird" SoC, 16 GB of internal flash memory, 8 MP primary camera, 1.3 MP secondary front-facing camera, HSPA+ support and an improved 4.5-inch Super AMOLED+ screen. AT&T has released an Android 2.3.6 update while Rogers has released 2.3.3.

Aviator.

The US Cellular Aviator (SCH-R930) resembles the Infuse 4G, but uses the original 1.0 GHz Hummingbird SoC. It offers a dual-band CDMA and quad-band LTE radio.

Asia.

SC-02B.

In Japan, NTT Docomo carries the Galaxy S (SC-02B). It is similar to the GT-I9000, but omits the front-facing camera.

SHW-M110S.

The Galaxy S (SHW-M110S) is an exclusive phone for SK Telecom subscribers. It differs from the GT-I9000 in that it includes a T-DMB tuner. It is sold under the "Anycall" branding.

SHW-M130K.

KT offers this variant (SHW-M130K) for South Korea as the Galaxy K. It includes a tri-band UMTS radio, a faster 1.2 GHz Hummingbird SoC, a T-DMB tuner and a smaller 3.5-inch Super AMOLED screen. It is sold under the "Anycall" branding.

SHW-M130L.

LG U+ offers this variant (SHW-M130L) for South Korea as the Galaxy U. It is similar to the Galaxy K, but instead offers a stock 1.0 GHz Hummingbird SoC and a CDMA 1xEV-DO radio.

SCH-I909.

China Telecom offers the SCH-I909 variant which supports both GSM and CDMA 2G standards and CDMA 3G.

SCH-I919.

China Telecom later offers this more advanced variant, sporting a design almost identical to the AT&T Infuse 4G, a Qualcomm S2 SoC, while retaining support for CDMA 3G.

GT-I9008.

China Mobile offers the GT-I9008 variant which supports GSM 2G and TD-SCDMA 3G standards. It includes a CMMB digital television tuner. It also uses the OPhone 2.0 platform as opposed to Android.

GT-I9088.

China Unicom offers the GT-I9088 variant which supports GSM 2G and UMTS-FDD 3G standards.

Nexus S.

The Nexus S is a Galaxy S-derived smartphone co-developed by Google and Samsung in 2010. The Nexus S differs from the Galaxy S in that it runs a stock version of Android provided by Google as opposed to the TouchWiz edition provided by Samsung and the mobile carriers. In addition, the Nexus S drops the microSD slot in favor of a NFC transmitter.  Models for the United States, United Kingdom and Canada use a 4-inch Super AMOLED screen similar to the reference Galaxy S, but with a small curvature Google refers to as "Contour Display". Models for other markets use a 4-inch SuperClear-LCD (SC-LCD) screen.  The Nexus S originally shipped with Android 2.3 "Gingerbread". It can be upgraded to Android 4.1.2 "Jelly Bean".

Legal.

In a lawsuit filed on April 15, 2011, Apple accused Samsung of committing patent and trademark infringement with the touchscreen on Samsung Galaxy line of mobile products. That includes the Galaxy S smartphone and the Samsung Galaxy Tab tablet.

The Samsung Galaxy S is a touchscreen-enabled, slate-format Android smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Samsung Electronics; it is the first smartphone of the Samsung Galaxy S series. It is the first device of the third Android smartphone series produced by Samsung. It was announced to the press in March 2010 and released for sale in June 2010. Due to shortage of Super AMOLED displays, Samsung released a successor to the device called S scLCD or SL and ceased production of the original I9000 model.

Das Samsung Galaxy S I9000 (kurz Samsung Galaxy S oder "SGS") ist ein Smartphone des südkoreanischen Konzerns Samsung und der Nachfolger des Samsung Galaxy I7500. Seit Anfang Juli 2010 ist es auf dem deutschen Markt erhältlich.


History.

On February 10, 2010, Albany River Rats owner Walter L. Robb sold his team to MAK Hockey LLC, led by Charlotte beer distributor Michael Kahn, owner of the ECHL Charlotte Checkers. It was then announced that the River Rats would play the 2010–11 season as the Charlotte Checkers, and the ECHL franchise was relinquished to the league. Meanwhile, Robb, as well as members of the River Rats and Times Union Center's front office, had already begun looking for an American Hockey League team to replace the River Rats.  On April 26, 2010, the New Jersey Devils sent Albany County a letter of intent to relocate their AHL affiliate to Albany, with a five-year commitment, on the grounds that the arena have specific renovations made. New Jersey Devils General Manager Lou Lamoriello, in a letter to the members of the Lowell Devils Booster Club, stated that changes presented in the lease with Lowell made it "financially impossible" to stay.  On May 10, 2010, the county legislature voted 35–2 in favor of a $1.6 million upgrade to the facility to be spent on a new scoreboard, ribbon board advertising, and exterior lighting.  On June 10, 2010, the New Jersey Devils officially announced on their website that they were moving the Lowell Devils to the Times Union Center in Albany, New York beginning with the 2010–11 AHL season to play as the Albany Devils, playing 36 of their 40 home games in Albany. The other four home games were to be played in Atlantic City, New Jersey, at Boardwalk Hall. Soon after that, the New Jersey Devils announced they had promoted John MacLean to fill their head coaching vacancy. MacLean had been the head coach of the Lowell Devils during the 2009–10 season. In August, Rick Kowalsky was named head coach of the Albany team, with former New Jersey Devils defenseman Tommy Albelin being named the assistant coach.  On January 13, 2016, the Devils won their 11th consecutive home win to set a new franchise record. On April 1, 2016, the Devils broke the franchise's previous wins record, set in 2013-14, with their 41st win: an overtime victory over the Binghamton Senators.  On April 4, 2016, the Times Union Center and its managing group SMG announced they had reached an agreement with the New Jersey Devils to extend the lease of its AHL affiliate through the 2018–19 season. However, on January 25, 2017, it was reported that the Albany Devils would relocate to replace the departing Binghamton Senators in Binghamton, New York, in the 2017–18 season. The Binghamton Devils were announced on January 31. At the time of the announcement, the Albany Devils were drawing the lowest average attendance in the league.

The Albany Devils were a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League (AHL). The top affiliate of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL), the A-Devils played their home games at the Times Union Center in Albany, New York.

Die Albany Devils waren ein US-amerikanisches Eishockeyfranchise in Albany, New York. Es spielte von 2010 bis 2017 in der American Hockey League und fungierte dabei als Farmteam der New Jersey Devils.


History.

Cobreloa is a relatively new club, having been founded on 7 January 1977. The name Cobreloa comes from combining the Spanish word for copper ("cobre"), and "loa", after the province and the Loa River, the longest river in Chile, which is located near Calama and Chuquicamata, the world's largest open pit copper mining|mine.  The club was able to establish itself in Chile's top flight very quickly, earning promotion after its first season, where they have stayed ever since. Only four years after their foundation, Cobreloa reached the finals of the Copa Libertadores in 1981, losing in a third match to Brazilian club Flamengo. Cobreloa reached the Copa Libertadores final the following year, losing to Peñarol of Uruguay. The club also reached the semi-final of the Copa Libertadores in 1987.  They have competed in the Copa Libertadores de América 13 times, 3 times in the Copa Sudamericana and twice in the Copa CONMEBOL. In 1995 they reached the quarter-finals and the following year were eliminated in the first round. Cobreloa have 8 Primera División titles and 1 Copa Chile title making them the most successful side outside Santiago in Chile and one of the four biggest clubs of the country.

Domestic League record.

Domestic League Chart with each tier division who the team has participated since 1977.  Notes

Support.

In 2019 to get a membership of the club can be by the assistant to the headquarters of the club in Calama in Abaroa street N°1757 or through the online platform in the official website of the institution with previous registration. The necessary documents to get a membership are passport or ID Card and a photo.  The first official supporters group was created in 1977, called "Barra Oficial de Cobreloa" by the workers from the El Loa province; Orlando Navarro, Mario Paniagua and José Santos Rodriguez and the support of the club directors.  In 1982, 35 CODELCO workers established the supporters group, "Barra Chuquicamata". On this decade was created de group of supporters "Mario Soto", tribute to Defense of the club, who dressed the club colors until 1985. They were characterized because they support with musical instruments.  In 1994 was created the supported group, "Huracan Naranja", from the Santiago de Chile fans group "Vicente Cantatore".  A poll called, "Encuesta GFK Adimark", study who is the most popular team on Chile. Cobreloa in 2015 reached the most high value on the poll, with a 1,5% of the total of the population polled. And in the 2018 the lowest value with 0,9%. In both polls the team was the 5th most popular club in country. In "Región de Antofagasta" the team reach since 2015 until 2019 the 12,752% of preference of the population.  The Cobreloa supporters, specifically the CODELCO Workers are known for been donates a day of salary to contribute to pay his signing pass of the defender, Mario Soto.

Colours, badge and symbols.

The traditional color of Cobreloa is orange, according to president, José Gorrini, the color of the club was selected due to give tribute to Netherlands National Football Team, in the 70's this selection was very popular by players like Johan Cruyff. Also, by commercial reasons this color was selected due obtain travel discounts in the national airline, Ladeco (Línea aérea del Cobre), whose corporative color was orange.  The first Cobreloa kit was red shirt and white shorts due lack of clothing, so its improvised in February 1977, valid for Copa Chile, facing up Regional Antofagasta. Since 1977 the classical kit of the team is full orange, with some modifications, like 1992–93 season with white shorts, in 2009–10 the official kit was change with white socks. The away kit has been mostly full white, until 2001–2006 year it changed by color black, also in 2013–15 and 2017–18 seasons alternating with white color during those years.  The first commemorative shirt of the club was in 2007, with Spanish sportswear company, Kelme. That attire was a special logo on them. In December 2016, the sportswear company, Macron, announced for sale a commemorative shirt to celebrate 40 years of the club; the design was similar to the 1980s kits style.  On 4 February 2019, was shown its first third kit in Cobreloa, being the black the color that was elected due to the popular choice of the club fans.  The first badge was created by Enrique Escala, inspired by the symbol of copper, make reference to corporate logo of Codelco also, with a soccer ball insert instead the ball in the company logo. This badge has been changed multiple times, especially in the kits. The most notable change was change the name "Cobreloa" below the badge instead "Calama" word and adding the ""Cobreloa"" words in the upper side of the badge.  The first anthem of the club was written and composed by the musician and writer, Alejandro Álvarez Vargas—the winning contestant from a contest advertised through the local radio station  The first mascot of the club was a cartoon fox called "Loíto"; it was the original idea and creation of journalist, Alfredo Llewellyn Bustos. The design of the mascot was by the director René Vásquez Rodríguez. The mascot appears for the first time on a handbill of the club for membership recruitment and also in the local journal "El Mercurio de Calama" in 1977 with the purpose of following the activities of the team week-by-week.

Stadiums.

Since 1977 the first home ground of the club was the Estadio Municipal de Calama, who played the national league and internationals Cups matches until 27 January 2013. The last match that was played by the team in this stadium was against Colo-Colo, the team won 5–2.  For the two finals of Copa Libertadores the team played in the Estadio Nacional de Chile, in 1981 and 1982, against Clube de Regatas do Flamengo and Club Atletico Peñarol respectively.  In February 2013 due to the renovation of the Stadium, the team had to play in another's home ground, the first stadium at which it was elected to play was the Parque Estadio Juan López located in Antofagasta. For the first class matches the stadium elected was the Tierra de Campeones on Iquique, where Club de Deportes Universidad Católica plays.  The complaints of the team about the infrastructure of the stadium Juan López, the directing of the club made negotiations with the Municipality of Antofagasta to play in the Stadium Calvo y Bascuñan, in this homeground the team played the Copa Sudamericana matches, with Club Atletico Peñarol and Club Deportivo La Equidad and local first Class matches of the Local League for the rest of the year.  From June of this year, the main stadium at which the team played mostly the national league, in the recently inaugurated stadium Estadio Luis Becerra Constanzo, formerly called Estadio la Madriguera de Calama in Calama, the team inaugurated the home ground in a Copa Chile match against Club de Deportes Cobresal.  Since 2015, the team plays in the stadium Zorros del Desierto of Calama. The first match was against Club de Deportes Antofagasta. The team plays the local competitions like the Primera B de Chile and Copa Chile.

Honours.

The team have won 8 domestic Leagues and the 1986 Copa Chile.

Records.

This institution owns the fifth local unbeaten streak of the world, which extended from 22 December 1980 until 22 September 1985, with a total of 91 matches without loss in Calama for Domestic Matches.

Management.

The club is managed by "Sociedad Anonima Deportiva Profesional" (Professional Sports Corporation) format in Chile, through the Chilean law, "N° 20.019 relativa a las Organizaciones Deportivas Profesionales" (Related to Professional Sports Organizations). This law allow to organize, produce, marketing and participate in professional sports activities in the country.  On 2 October 2017, the club made an extraordinary assembly with the members of the club, the assistance of these with suffrage right was of 86. The purpose was to reform the statute regime of the club in that moment. This renewed statutes lay down the official address of the club, Calama, the indefinite length time of the directory and the unlimited number of member who could be owns.  This statute allude the principles and objectives of the institution, the rights and duties of the members, the heritage and the administration, the members general assemblies, the directory, the duties of the directors of the corporation, subsidiaries of the club and the rules of this.

Club de Deportes Cobreloa S.A.D.P. (), commonly referred to as Cobreloa, is a Chilean football professional club based in Calama, Región de Antofagasta, Chile. That competes in the Primera B de Chile, the second tier flight of Chilean Football. The club's home ground is the Estadio Zorros del Desierto.

Club de Deportes Cobreloa ist ein chilenischer Fußballverein aus Calama. In der Saison 2011 spielt der Verein in der höchsten Spielklasse Chiles, der Primera División. Der 1977 gegründete Verein wurde achtmaliger Meister Chiles (1980, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1992, 2003 [2×], 2004).


Lake Togo Origin.

Lake Togo is about long, wide and 64km2 in area. It receives water from the Sio River in the southwest and various other smaller streams to the west and east and the Haho River enters from the north. The lake is separated from the sea by a sandbar a kilometre or so wide. Water exits to the east through a canal-like extension where it receives water from the nearby, smaller Lake Vogan, and continues into the lagoonal system along the coast.  A main road traverses the coast to the south of the lake and local roads circle the lake, connecting the small villages. The area is not heavily populated and there is little tourism. The economy depends on extensive agriculture and fishing, with seine nets being used and fish sold in local towns. Coconuts are grown between the lake and the coast, and there are plantations of coconut and oil palms on the flood plains to the north of the lake.

Wildlife.

Lake Togo, together with the nearby smaller Lake Vogan and various coastal lagoons, make up an important area for birds. They are surrounded by floodplains which are covered with typical floodplain grasses, and "Phragmites" and "Typha" occur in wetter depressions. There are no mangroves because these lagoons are not tidal. At times when flood water is present in the lagoons, the fast-growing water cabbage ("Pistia stratiotes") appears.  The lake, wetlands, lagoons and coastal sands of this area provide resting places for migrant water birds and terns on their routes down the west side of Africa. Fish in the lake are of both marine and riverine origins, and the most common species are "Tilapia" and the carfish "Chrysichthys". Invertebrates include the gastropod molluscs "Pachymelania" spp. and "Tympanotonos fuscatus", and the crustaceans "Farfantepenaeus duorarum" and "Callinectes latimanus".

Lake Togo "(French: Lac Togo)" is the largest part of a lagoon in Togo, separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow coastal strip. It is shallow and a popular location for water sports. Towns on the lake's shore include Agbodrafo and Togoville. Transport on the lake is generally by pirogue.

Der Togosee ist eine 64 km2 große Lagune im Süden des afrikanischen Staates Togo in der Region Maritime am Atlantischen Ozean westlich der Stadt Aného.


Background and political career.

Aged 49 at the time that she assumed office as Premier, Jenkins had been the Mayor of the Pixley ka Seme (formerly Bo Karoo) District Municipality, at De Aar in the Karoo. Previously she was a teacher.  Born on 6 June 1960 in Ceres in the Western Cape, she was educated in Worcester, matriculating from the Esselen Park High School. She graduated with a teaching diploma from the Bellville Training College, with her first posting as a teacher at Rocklands High School in Mitchell's Plain, Cape Town. Jenkins was a Youth Councillor in the Anglican Church.  In 1995 Jenkins was elected as a Councillor in De Aar's Emthanjeni Local Municipality, going on to serve as Executive Mayor for the Bo-Karoo District Municipality. She served two terms as the Deputy Chairperson of the South African Local Government Association.

Premier of the Northern Cape.

In 2009, following the landslide victory of the ruling African National Congress in the general election, Jenkins was announced as the party's nominee for Premier of the Northern Cape, in succession to Dipuo Peters. The announcement drew criticism from the provincial ANC branch, however, which was annoyed at the sidelining of its chairperson John Block. Jenkins said at the time: "We will work as a united force. Contrary to what some might say about the premier being a puppet on a string, we will work as a collective..." Block pledged his support, adding "I still remain the political head of the Province and together with the PEC (Provincial Executive Council) will assist and guide Jenkins and the rest of the Executive Council."  Her Premiership became effective on 6 May 2009.

Appointment of Acting Premiers.

Jenkins collapsed, suffering a stroke, while delivering her 2012 State of the Province Address in Kimberley on 17 February 2012, and was admitted to the intensive care unit at Kimberley Hospital. The Executive Council of the Province met on 20 February, unanimously resolving to appoint the MEC for Education, Ms Grizelda Cjiekella, as Acting Premier for the duration of Premier Hazel Jenkins’ incapacity leave.  Premier Jenkins, following a lengthy hospital stay, made a surprise first public appearance at the Northern Cape ANC elective conference in Upington on 7 June 2012. "She appeared healthy," reported the media, "singing and dancing along with President Jacob Zuma and other members of the party’s upper echelons."  On April 2, 2013, Hazel Jenkins officially stepped down from the post of Premier of the Northern Cape and was to be succeeded by Sylvia Lucas, the Provincial Minister for Environmental Affairs. However the motion to recognize Jenkins' stepping down was opposed on procedural grounds. A vote in the Northern Cape legislature on 30 April 2013, in which opposition parties COPE and the Democratic Alliance took part, failed to achieve the required two thirds support for the motion to be carried. Accordingly, Jenkins technically remained premier and Lucas was sworn in on the same day as Grizelda Cjiekella's successor as acting premier of the province.  Jenkins resigned as premier with effect from 22 May 2013, paving the way of Lucas to be sworn in as her successor.

Hazel Gertrude Jenkins is a South African politician and former Premier of the Northern Cape province. She served as Premier from May 2009 until she officially stood down in April 2013, following a stroke. The motion to recognise her stepping down as Premier (on medical grounds) was defeated in a vote by the legislature on 30 April 2013 so that technically Jenkins remained Premier. Hence Sylvia Lucas was sworn in on 30 April not as Jenkins' successor but as Acting Premier. Jenkins subsequently resigned, as of 22 May 2013, paving the way for Lucas to be sworn in as her successoron 23 May 2013.

Hazel Gertrude Jenkins (* 6. Juni 1960 in Ceres, Südafrikanische Union) ist eine südafrikanische Politikerin und ehemalige Premierministerin der Provinz Nordkap (African National Congress, ANC).


Structure.

Law XII (Audiencia y Chancillería Real de Santiago de Chile) of Title XV (De las Audiencias y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias) of Book II of the "Recopilación de Leyes de las Indias" of 1680—which reproduces Philip IV's decree of February 17, 1609—describes the limits and functions of the Audiencia.  In the city of Santiago de Chile shall reside another Royal "Audiencia" and Chancellery of ours, with a president-governor-captain general; four judges of civil cases ["oidores"], who shall also be judges of criminal cases ["alcaldes del crimen"]; a crown attorney ["fiscal"]; a bailiff ["alguacil mayor"]; a lieutenant of the Gran Chancellor; and the other necessary ministers and officials, which will have for district all of said Kingdom of Chile, with the cities, towns, places and lands, which are included in the government of those provinces, including what is now pacified and populated, as well as what shall be subdued, populated and pacified inside and outside the Straits of Magellan and inland to the Cuyo Province, inclusive. And we order that said president-governor-captain general govern and administer its government ("gobernación") in all matters and by all means, and that said "Audiencia", nor any other minister interfere in this, except our Viceroy of Peru, in the cases, which comply with the laws in this book and as permitted by our orders, and that said president do not intervene in matters of justice, and leave the "oidores" to decree in them freely, and that all sign that which they decree, sentence or dispatch. The Province of Cuyo was transferred to the Audiencia of Buenos Aires, when the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was created in the late eighteenth century.

Independence.

The "Audiencia" continued to function after the establishment of the First Government Junta of the Kingdom of Chile on September 18, 1810, until the Figueroa mutiny of April 1, 1811. In fact, its Regent, Fernando Márquez de la Plata, was elected as one of the junta's members. The Figueroa uprising provided a reason to dissolve the "Audiencia", seen by many as a bastion of royalism, and it was replaced by a "Tribunal de Apelaciones" or Appeals Court.  With the temporary return of royalists to power after the Battle of Rancagua, the body was reconstituted by the new Governor-Captain General, Mariano Osorio. It functioned until 1818, when it was finally shut down by the independent government of Bernardo O'Higgins, again replaced by a new appeals court, this time called the "Cámara de Apelaciones". This was in turn the ancestor of today's Chilean Appeals Court in Santiago.

The Royal "Audiencia" of Santiago () was an "Audiencia Real" or royal law court that functioned in Santiago de Chile during the Spanish colonial period. This body heard both civil and criminal cases. It was founded during the 17th century and abolished in 1818.

Die Real Audiencia von Chile (auf Spanisch vollständig: "Audiencia y Cancillería Real de Chile") war ein Gerichtshof, eine Institution der Kolonialverwaltung und zugleich ein Gerichtsbezirk ("Real Audiencia") im Vizekönigreich Peru, der von 1565 bis 1811 und von 1815 bis 1817 bestand.


Early life.

Jáuregui was born in Lecároz, the son of Matías de Jáuregui and of his wife, Juana María de Aldecoa.  At the age of 25 he entered the military, serving at Cartagena de Indias (now in Colombia) during the British siege in 1740. He rose to the rank of lieutenant general, and became a knight of the Order of Santiago.  Before his appointment as governor of Chile, he also served in Honduras, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1772, while resident in Spain, he was named governor by authority of King Charles III. In October of that year he embarked for Peru with his son Tomás. His wife, a native of Havana whom he had married there, remained in Spain.

As governor of Chile.

Jáuregui was governor of Chile from March 6, 1772, to 1780, during which time he promulgated a number of administrative and governmental reforms. For example, he set up a postal service on April 29, 1775. He oversaw Chile's first census, which established the population at 259,646 inhabitants, in 1778.  In June 1772 he introduced a severe ordinance intended to preserve public order. Individuals could not bear arms in public; theft of animals was to be punished by whipping; shopkeepers who did not close at the proper hour were subject to fines. With the agreement of Bishop Alday, he restricted the right of asylum in churches to only two, Santa Ana and San Isidro.  He introduced reforms of the tax-collection system in 1772. For many taxes he ended the farming system (collection by third parties, for a percentage of the revenue), and required that taxes be paid directly to the Crown. This included the customs. The reforms were opposed by the merchants, but Jáuregui put them into effect anyway.  He held a series of formal meeting with indigenous leaders. In April 1774 he met with their ambassadors in Santiago and he met with various leaders in the Parliament of Tapihue the following December. One of the things agreed to was the establishment of a school for the Indigenous, to be run by the Jesuits. This was the "Colegio de San Pablo", which opened in April 1775 in Santiago.  Jáuregui presided over the beginning of construction of the cathedral of Santiago, under the direction of the Italian architect he recruited, Gioacchino Toesca. The cathedral was consecrated on December 8, 1775. Also, the Real Universidad de San Felipe enjoyed growth during his tenure. The Academy of Forensic Practice was established, and attached to the University.  In 1776 the Captaincy General of Chile suffered the loss of the province of Cuyo, including the cities of Mendoza, San Juan, and San Luis, due to the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.  In 1777 Jáuregui established a militia system to defend against rural banditry and prepare for other military action, although each unit was required to finance uniforms and weapons itself. Two cavalry regiments, with 1,400 men, were created, and one new infantry regiment, with 800 men. In the professional army, the forces were redistributed along the frontier in Arauco, and in Santiago. He proposed better pay for the troops, and this was approved by Charles III in January 1778.  By royal order, free trade among various ports in Spain and America was adopted in 1778. Included were Valparaíso and Concepción in Chile. The order also authorized the route around Cape Horn. This was an important benefit for the colony.  Also in 1778 the "Colegio de San Carlos" was founded in Santiago. This replaced the "Convictorio de San Francisco Javier", which had been administered by the Jesuits up until their expulsion.  In May 1778 the Mapocho River flooded.

As viceroy of Peru.

In 1780, Jáuregui was named viceroy of Peru. The reception in honor of his arrival (July 20) included a speech of welcome by the Peruvian intellectual José Baquíjano.  Almost before the celebrations in Lima in honour of his arrival had ended, he had to confront the insurrection of Túpac Amaru II (José Gabriel Condorcanqui). Túpac Amaru was a direct descendant of the earlier Túpac Amaru, the last Inca (Emperor) of Vilcabamba, who had been beheaded on the orders of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo in 1572. Túpac Amaru II was cacique of Tungasuca, Surimana and Pampamarca, and enjoyed properties, businesses and prestige in the region of Cusco. He was 40 years old when he led the rebellion, tired of the abuses of the "corregidores" and merchants and of the reforms of "Visitador" José Antonio de Areche (customs, taxes, tributes).  Túpac Amaru had been organizing a conspiracy since 1778. The revolt began on November 4, 1780. On that date, he captured and condemned to the gallows the corregidor of Tinta, Antonio de Arriaga. The same day he spoke to thousands of followers at Tungasuca, announcing the abolition of "mita" (forced labour), "obraje" (another form of forced labour), black slavery, the sales tax and the corregidors.  Jáuregui succeeded in defeating Túpac Amaru in 1781, and within a month he had been arrested and tried. On May 18, 1781, Túpac Amaru, his wife, and other leaders were executed. Túpac Amaru himself was torn into pieces by four horses, and the pieces were publicly displayed in various Indian towns as a warning to future rebels. Other rebels were brutally tortured and killed between 1781 and 1783. It is not known whether any descendants of the Inca emperors survived the repression.  However, discontent persisted amongst the native peoples because of abuse of the "repartimiento" and "mita" systems of labor tribute, which Jáuregui notified the court of. Jáuregui also busied himself in improving the defenses, the militia, and the postal service of the viceroyalty. He left his post on April 6, 1784, and a few days later died in an accident in Lima.

Agustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa (May 17, 1711 (some sources say 1708) – April 29, 1784) was a Spanish politician and soldier who served as governor of Chile (1772–80) and viceroy of Peru (1780–84).

Agustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa (* 17. Mai 1711 in Lecároz, Navarra, Spanien; † 29. April 1784 in Lima, Peru) war ein spanischer Offizier und Politiker. Von 1773 bis 1780 amtierte er als Gouverneur im Generalkapitanat Chile. Von 1780 bis 1784 war er Vizekönig von Peru.


Life and career.

Frank Chin was born in Berkeley, California on February 25, 1940; until the age of six, he remained under the care of a retired vaudeville couple in Placerville, California. At that time, his mother brought him back to the San Francisco Bay Area and thereafter Chin grew up in Oakland Chinatown. He attended the University of California, Berkeley, and graduated from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1965. According to Chin, who had returned from a sabbatical working as the first Chinese brakeman for the Southern Pacific railroad, he intimidated a dean into graduating him with a bachelor's degree in English: "[I said] 'I want a decision by Friday' and he said, 'Well, I'm a very busy man,' and I said, 'You're a working stiff like me - you have a decision Friday and I don't care what it is. Either I've graduated or I haven't graduated because I have to get back to work.' Friday, I walked by the office and the secretary jumps up and says: 'You've graduated!' I said, 'That's all I want to know'."  Early in his career, Chin worked as a story editor and scriptwriter on Sesame Street and as a reporter for KING-TV in Seattle.  Chin is considered to be one of the pioneers of Asian-American theatre. He founded the Asian American Theater Workshop, which later became the Asian American Theater Company in 1973. He first gained notoriety as a playwright in the 1970s. His play "The Chickencoop Chinaman" was the first by an Asian American to be produced on a major New York stage. As an author, Chin has won three American Book Awards: the first in 1982 for his plays "The Chickencoop Chinaman" and "The Year of the Dragon", the second in 1989 for a collection of short stories entitled "The Chinaman Pacific and Frisco R.R. Co.", and the third in 2000 for lifetime achievement.  Stereotypes of Asian Americans and traditional Chinese folklore are common themes in much of his work. Many of his works revolve around criticism of the racism in the United States. Frank Chin has accused other Asian American writers, particularly Maxine Hong Kingston, of furthering such stereotypes and misrepresenting the traditional stories. Chin also has been highly critical of American writer Amy Tan for her telling of Chinese-American stories, indicating that her body of work has furthered and reinforced stereotypical views of this group. On a radio program, Chin has also debated the scholar Yunte Huang regarding the latter's evaluation of Charlie Chan in his writing. This discussion was later evaluated on the activist blog "Big WOWO."  In addition to his work as an author and playwright, Frank Chin has also worked extensively with Japanese American resisters of the draft in WWII. His novel, "Born in the U.S.A.", is dedicated to this subject. Chin was one of several writers (Jeffery Paul Chan, Lawson Fusao Inada, and Shawn Wong of CARP, Combined Asian American Resources Project) who worked to republish John Okada's novel "No-No Boy" in the 1970s; Chin contributed an afterword which can be found in every reprinting of the novel. Chin has appeared in Jeff Adachi's "The Slanted Screen", a 2006 documentary film about stereotypical depictions of Asian males in American cinema. Chin was also an instrumental organizer for the first Day of Remembrance.  Chin is also a musician. In the mid-1960s, he taught Robbie Krieger, a member of The Doors, how to play the flamenco guitar. After a stroke in 1990, he lost his ability to play the guitar and, temporarily, to laugh. Chin was married for five years to Kathy Chang in the 1970s. Kathleen Chang (October 10, 1950 – October 22, 1996), was better known by her performance name Kathy Change. She was a Sino-American political activist, writer, and performance artist.

Movies.

"The Year of the Dragon" was an adaptation of Chin's play of the same name. Starring George Takei, the film was televised in 1975 as part of the PBS Great Performances series.  As an actor, Chin, appeared as an extra in the riot scene of the made-for-TV movie adaptation of "Farewell to Manzanar". Chin was one of several Asian American writers who appeared in the movie; Shawn Wong and Lawson Fusao Inada, who, like Chin were co-editors of the anthology "Aiiieeeee!", also acted in the riot scene.

Documentaries.

"What's Wrong with Frank Chin" is a 2005 biographical documentary, directed by Curtis Choy, about Chin's life.  Frank Chin was interviewed in the documentary "The Slanted Screen" (2006), directed by Jeff Adachi, about the representation of Asian and Asian American men in Hollywood.  Chin wrote the script for the 1967 documentary "And Still Champion! The Story of Archie Moore". Chin's script was narrated by actor Jack Palance. Some of Chin's experiences would be worked into his first play, in which the protagonist is making a documentary about a boxer.  Chin researched and hosted "Chinaman's Chance" (1972) an Ene Riisna directed documentary focusing on the conditions of Chinatown communities in America. Interview subjects included Roland Winters, Betty Lee Sung, and Ben Fee.  Chin also directed a documentary short in 1972, "The Last Temple" about the Taoist temple in Hanford, California, which dates back to 1893, and the effort to preserve and restore it.  Theatre Communications Group produced the "Legacy Leaders of Color Video Project", a series highlighting influential figures in the American minority theaters. Set to be released in 2017, one of the episodes focuses on Frank Chin, his time with the Asian American Theater Company, and Chin's influence.  In 2019, "It Takes a Lunatic" a Netflix distributed documentary about Wynn Handman was released. Handman had produced Chin's two plays at the American Place Theatre, and Chin was one of the interview subjects.  "Be Water" a 2020 episode of the ESPN documentary series 30 for 30 about Bruce Lee featured archival footage of Chin.

Frank Chin (born February 25, 1940) is an American author and playwright. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of Asian-American theatre.

Frank Chin (chinesisch: 趙健秀, Zhào Jiànxiù; * 25. Februar 1940 in Berkeley, Kalifornien) ist ein chinesisch-amerikanischer Schriftsteller. Chin gilt als Pionier des chinesisch-amerikanischen Theaters. 1974 war er der erste asiatisch-amerikanische Dramatiker, der eine Arbeit an einer bedeutenden Bühne in New York City aufführte. Darüber hinaus trat er als Herausgeber hervor und schrieb Erzählungen, Romane und Essays.


History.

The Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie was founded in 1957 by the late King Mohammed V. The structure of its functions has been determined by the two major different but complementary traditions. One of them has its roots in the history and culture of Morocco. The gendarmerie was born of Moroccan administrative and political system which has ensured public security and maintenance of public order for centuries. The second tradition ("Makhzen") is much newer.

Description.

Like other members of the FIEP organization, the legislation which founded the Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie describes it as a public force designed to guarantee public security and public order and the implementation of laws. This legislation text attaches the Gendarmerie to the Royal Moroccan Army, then constituting a military force in its structure, administration and command forms. It consists of officers and NCOs.

Duties.

The duties of The Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie are numerous and various in kind. However, the legislative body has given great importance to policing duties. The seventh Article of the founding text indicates that "The service aim of the gendarmerie is to ensure especially administrative, judicial and military policing activities directly and to help to the competent authorisations with the envisaged laws." This situation implies three attachments as to the utilisation of the Royal Gendarmerie:  To the National Defence Administration especially on the subjects of organisation equipment and military judicial policing ; To the Ministry of Justice for the implementation of judicial policing; and, To the Ministry of the Interior on the subject of Common Administration Policing.  The duties of the Royal Gendarmerie, in this field, have been determined by the code of Penal Trial Procedures of 1959. It performs all these duties under the administration of the royal prosecutor and control of the Court of Appeal. Duties consist of determination of the crime before the prosecution gathering the evidence, detection of perpetrators and bringing them before the authorised courts ;  And executing the orders of the judges after the prosecution. The personnel of the Royal Gendarmerie participates in the implementation Judicial Policing. The Royal Gendarmerie who acts with the characteristics of being a judicial oriented police officer according to the Court of Penal Proceedings  Detects and determines the violation of the laws as a judicial police; and As a police of public force, informs the royal prosecutor of crimes and offences over which they have no jurisdiction. To struggle against the continuous increase of crime and its international aspects and, on the other hand, the increase of the texts and their complexity the Royal Gendarmerie is modernising its methods and equipment continuously and reinforcing its efficiency by evaluating technical and scientific policing and criminal data. With this aim, two laboratories, which are under the administration of senior researchers, were established.

Administrative Police.

There are two major policing families within the Royal Gendarmerie sharing specific preventive activities. They are, the General Administrative Police and the Special Administrative Police. The first one gathers the general and individual measures relating to the maintenance of public order, public security, health, peace and morality. This Police is attached to the Ministry of the Interior. The other one consists of a number of special police functions according to varieties and sectors. These units such as Traffic, Hunting, Fishing, Explosives are arranged according to special laws and attached to units of different ministries. This units have, sometimes, their own police but, due to the existing personnel they are not always able to be ready in time. According to the principle of assistance and the accomplishment of the administrative police tasks, the need implied by these functions are satisfied. The administrative police ensures the continuation among the units of ministries with its description in the second place. However, policing the traffic and security of the transportation roads represent according to the ruling texts, one of its fundamental functions. The Royal Gendarmerie gives priority to the preventive measures by accompanying the activities of the Government. This is the reason why it reinforces the administrative police with its all in hand a unit which is securing and discouraging as much widely and continuously as possible. Territorial Authority in the Country : The text put forwards for the gendarmerie to be active throughout the country and to show itself in the army as a special condition. The gendarmerie is especially responsible for securing the roads of villages and transportation. However its activities generally are generally conducted out of city surroundings. The Royal Gendarmerie sometimes becomes active in the cities when the situation requires. To put it in a more concrete way, it is responsible for watching coasts and borders of the whole country which (approximately 3,400 km), more than half of the population; most of the transportation roads and important points of the social life.

Organisation.

Further information: Groupe d'Intérvention de La Gendarmerie Royale  To perform various duties, the Royal Gendarmerie is organised as follows : There is a Mobile Gendarmerie specifically in charge of maintaining public order and helping the regional gendarmerie occasionally. They are ; Air Gendarmerie, Maritime Gendarmerie, Beside these major units, specialised units have been founded with the commitment to perform the duties to meet special needs which requires special capabilities. But it is worth indicating that the regional posts have a special place among these units. They are rightly accepted as a main pole of the army. The base of the services is performed according to their levels. The remaining Headquarter and specialised units are available to provide needed supports to these posts. Within the hierarchical organisation posts become more autonomous which allows them to co-operate with the local authorities and public prosecutors office. The most recent units are the environment posts. They are specifically assigned to the protection of nature. Their activities are co-ordinated by the central unit for environment founded for this aim. Commanding on top of the organisation is a chief of staff gathering all the central units together. Today the Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie is commanded by a lieutenant general.

International co-operation.

Since its foundation, the Royal Gendarmerie has laid efficient mutual co-operation basis with the different brotherhood organisations and also joined in the FIEP organization in 1999 which provides the framework the improvement of mutual relations and the maintenance of security in the region.

The Royal Gendarmerie (Arabic: الدرك الملكي المغربي "Al-Darak al-Malikiy al-Maghribiy)" is the gendarmerie body of Morocco, and comes under the authority of the Ministry of Interior.

Die Königlich Marokkanische Gendarmerie (, ) ist eine Polizeieinheit in Marokko. Sie ist Teil der Marokkanischen Streitkräfte und daher im Unterschied zu den übrigen marokkanischen Polizeikräften nicht dem Innenministerium, sondern direkt dem König unterstellt.


Season synopsis.

This year's edition of the Top 14 welcomed Agen, winners of the 2010 title in the second-level Pro D2 and returning to the top flight three years after being relegated, and La Rochelle, victors in the 2009 promotion playoffs between the second- through fifth-placed teams. They took the place of Montauban and Albi, relegated at the end of the 2009–10 Top 14.  Of the two promoted teams, Agen survived, while La Rochelle were tentatively relegated after finishing second-from-bottom. The other relegated side were Bourgoin, which had barely avoided bankruptcy in the previous season. Their financial struggles continued, and they were docked 5 points for their financial issues. The deduction was ultimately immaterial, as even without it they would have finished more than 20 points adrift of 13th-place La Rochelle.  There was, however, a chance that La Rochelle would be spared the drop. During the season, Stade Français faced major financial issues, temporarily avoiding an administrative relegation in early June 2011 when president Max Guazzini announced a deal in which a Canadian foundation, working with former France national coach Bernard Laporte and an unnamed investor, would purchase a minority stake in the club. However, the planned infusion of €12 million did not materialize; Guazzini and Laporte sued the foundation, and three people had been arrested in connection with the deal as of June 24. On June 27, Guazzini met with the LNR's financial watchdog, DNACG, to discuss the club's situation. Reports indicated that if the club did not find €6.6 million by the time of the meeting, Stade would file for bankruptcy, which would result in an automatic relegation to the nominally amateur Fédérale 1. The French government had announced it would not bail out the club. The meeting ended with the announcement of a new deal by which Guazzini would sell a controlling stake in the club to a group of investors led by French technology executive Jean-Pierre Savare, keeping Stade in the Top 14 and confirming La Rochelle's relegation. As part of the deal, Guazzini stepped aside as club president in favor of Savare's son Thomas.  The season saw signs of a changing of the guard in French rugby, especially in Paris. Racing Métro reasserted itself as a national power, finishing second on the season table. Bayonne went from being reprieved from relegation to playoff contenders, ultimately missing out in the final week of the season. Montpellier went from fighting for survival through much of 2009–10 to finalists this season, winning their quarterfinal and semifinal matches away by 1 point each, and leading Toulouse for most of the final before falling short. In the end, traditional power Toulouse lifted the Bouclier de Brennus.

Previous season.

The 2009–10 season saw Clermont, in their 100th season, end decades of frustration by defeating Perpignan in the final to claim their first title, having lost in all 10 of their previous final appearances. At the other end of the table, Albi, which had been promoted to the Top 14 for 2009–10, finished bottom of the table and went down. Bayonne finished second-to-bottom but avoided relegation when it was revealed that 12th-placed Montauban were filing for bankruptcy and would therefore be automatically relegated. The other newly promoted team in 2009–10, Racing Métro, enjoyed a very successful season, finishing sixth, and qualified to the quarter-finals where they narrowly lost to eventual champions Clermont.

Competition format.

Each club played every other club twice. The second half of the season was conducted in the same order as the first, with the club at home in the first half of the season away in the second. This season maintained the format introduced the previous season for the knockout stage: the top two teams qualified directly to the semifinals, while teams ranked from third to sixth qualified for a quarterfinal held at the home ground of the higher-ranked team. Semifinals are traditionally held at neutral sites; this season, both were held at Stade Vélodrome in Marseille. The final was held at Stade de France.  Going into the season, the top six clubs are guaranteed of berths in the following season's Heineken Cup. The winners of the 2010–11 Heineken Cup and European Challenge Cup are assured of berths in the 2011–12 Heineken Cup regardless of their league standing, as long as they avoid relegation. This means that if a club finishes in the top six and wins one of the European competitions, the seventh-place team will gain a Heineken Cup berth. However, if French clubs win both competitions, only five clubs will qualify for the 2011–12 Heineken Cup via their league position because France is capped at seven Heineken Cup places. France can also secure a seventh berth if clubs from England's Aviva Premiership, also capped at seven Heineken Cup places, win both Cup competitions, and the top club in the European Rugby Club Rankings among those not already qualified for the Heineken Cup is from the Top 14. Note, however, that if a winner of one of the European cups is relegated in the same season, LNR will not nominate it for European competition; its place will be taken by a current Top 14 side based on league position.  The bottom two teams are provisionally relegated to Pro D2, with the possibility of one or both of the bottom teams to be reprieved if a team above them fails a postseason financial audit (mandatory for all clubs in the league).  The LNR uses a slightly different bonus points system from that used in most other rugby competitions. It trialled a new system in 2007–08 explicitly designed to prevent a losing team from earning more than one bonus point in a match, a system that also made it impossible for either team to earn a bonus point in a drawn match. The LNR chose to continue with this system for subsequent seasons.  France's bonus point system operates as follows:

New developments.

Salary cap.

This season was the first in French rugby history to have a fixed salary cap. Previously, the only restrictions on team salaries were that wage bills were limited to 50% of turnover and that 10% of the salary budget had to be held in reserve. In December 2009, LNR announced that team payrolls would be limited to €8 million in 2010–11, and that the reserve requirement would be increased to 20%. The previous limitation of 50% of turnover remained in effect. However, rugby journalist Ian Moriarty dismissed the cap as "little more than a bit of sleight of hand by the LNR to appease a sporting public", noting that the announced cap was 5% "greater" than the highest official wage bill in the 2009–10 Top 14, and translated to £7.1 million at the time of announcement, well above the then-current £4 million cap in the English Premiership. Moriarty also added that clubs would likely find ways around the cap, noting, "Last season [2008–09], it's rumoured that one big, overseas name was paid less than 40% of his total income as a salary."

Domestic player rules.

LNR also announced new rules requiring a minimum percentage of French players on team rosters. Under the new policy, "French players" are defined as those meeting the following criteria:  The required percentage of French players was 40% this season, and will increase to 50% in 2011–12 and 60% in 2012–13.

Tax issues.

A change in French tax law that took effect on 1 July 2010 raised concerns about the financial future of smaller clubs. The root of this issue is a French law known as DIC ("Droit à l'Image Collectif"), passed in 2004, that had allowed all French professional sports clubs to treat 30% of each player's salary as image rights. This portion of the salary was thus exempt from France's high employment and social insurance taxes, allowing French clubs to compete on a more equal financial footing with those in other European countries. However, the government announced in 2009 that it would suspend DIC.  The policy change was publicly criticized by wealthy club owners. Mourad Boudjellal of Toulon, who claimed that the change in the law would cost him more than €1 million in 2010–11, and Paul Goze of Perpignan took to the pitch before one of their matches to participate in a protest. Max Guazzini of Stade Français complained that the end of DIC would cost him about €800,000. However, the real concern in French rugby circles was for the potential blow to smaller clubs. Bourgoin, who only avoided a bankruptcy filing in 2009 by players agreeing to large wage cuts, faced an effective increase of €400,000 in their 2010–11 expenses. Brive had already announced that they would slash their budget by 40% for the 2010–11 season, but with a 2009–10 wage bill of €7.2 million and several high-profile players locked into long-term contracts, the increased tax bill was speculated to be a serious problem for the club.

Financial troubles at Bourgoin.

Bourgoin's financial struggles became a major issue during the early summer of 2010. The club had been called in for a financial review by LNR's financial watchdog DNACG late in the 2009–10 season, which they survived with no action taken at that time. However, after the fixture list for the 2010–11 season was released, DNACG denied Bourgoin a professional license. Bourgoin appealed this ruling, and also considered pursuing legal action against LNR. Had Bourgoin been unsuccessful in their bid to stave off relegation, the choice of the team to replace them would not have been straightforward, as the most logical choice, Albi, who had been relegated after finishing at the bottom of the 2009–10 table, were facing their own financial problems and may not have had the resources for a Top 14 campaign. However, the FFR officially rescinded the DNACG's ruling on July 9, allowing Bourgoin to stay in the Top 14, thus also confirming Albi's place in Pro D2.

The teams.

Note: Stade Francais have moved their home matches from their traditional home of Stade Jean-Bouin while a new 20,000-seat stadium is built on the site. The new Jean-Bouin is scheduled to open in 2013–14.

Results.

As in recent seasons, several teams took occasional home matches to larger stadiums, either in their home city or a nearby location. In addition to Stade Français and Toulouse, whose use of larger venues is long-established, the following teams took home matches to other venues:

Key.

The score of the game is given by the middle (third and fourth) columns. The first and last columns indicate the number of tries scored by the home and the away team, respectively. A blue border indicates that the team has earned an attacking bonus point (i.e. has scored at least three more tries than its opponent), a yellow one that the team has earned a defensive bonus point (defeat by 7 points or less).  Within each round, matches are listed in order of kickoff time. Matches with the same kickoff time are listed in alphabetic order of the home team. A dark horizontal line separates matches held on different dates.

Playoffs.

All times are in Central European Summer Time (UTC+2).

Individual statistics.

"Correct as of June 5, 2011"

The 2010–11 Top 14 competition was a French domestic rugby union club competition operated by the Ligue Nationale de Rugby (LNR). Home-and-away play began on August 13, 2010 and continued through April 2011. The regular season was followed by a three-round playoff starting in May that involved the top six teams, culminating in the final on June 4 at Stade de France. Toulouse won the Bouclier de Brennus for the 18th time, defeating Montpellier 15–10.

Die Saison 2010/11 war die 112. Austragung der französischen Rugby-Union-Meisterschaft. Sie umfasste 14 Mannschaften in der obersten Liga Top 14 und 16 Mannschaften in der zweithöchsten Liga Pro D2.


History.

The present chapel, which replaced a smaller previous building, was probably built between 1682 and 1683 according to plans by Thomas Gampfer or "Camper". Local official Johann Simon Rosinus was responsible for the construction supervision.  The patrons for the chapel's construction were the barons Carl Caspar and Damian Adolph von der Leyen, who had moved their residence from Blieskastel to Koblenz a few years earlier. According to the dedication inscription, the church was to serve "(f)or the increased sewing of Christian-Catholic thought amongst the subjects." The chapel had a relic of the True Cross that generated many pilgrimages and which also became the namesake of the chapel. Long before the arrival of the “Arrow Madonna” from the Gräfinthal monastery, the Holy Cross Chapel was a regionally important pilgrimage site. The priest and royal visitator Carl Desiderius de Royer, reorganizer of Catholic life in the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrucken, published a booklet on this pilgrimage in 1692.  In the course of the French Revolution, the church was desecrated in 1793 and pilgrimages came to a standstill. The new revolutionary owners temporarily used it as a guard room and powder magazine. Ultimately, the chapel was reconsecrated in 1804, and regular services resumed. A quarter century later in 1829, the famous votive picture "Our Lady with the Arrows" arrived at the chapel from the Gräfinthal monastery. Pilgrimage to the chapel was revived in 1913 - this time with a focus on the votive image of the Madonna. Since that time, the little church has been one of the most famous pilgrimage sites in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer.  The first restoration of the chapel was carried out in 1958, which led to the discovery of a ribbed vault that was fully uncovered and painted in its original colors from 1965–66. The chapel roof was restored in 2008–09, however, further building work was urgently required.  Meanwhile, the Capuchins, who worked here until 2005, have been replaced by Franciscans who are tenants in the monastery complex after founding a monastery foundation. The Catholic Cross Chapel Association, a recognized non-profit founded in December 2007, is responsible for maintaining the building's condition.  The interior renovation of the chapel began on May 16, 2013. The chapel was ceremoniously reopened by the auxiliary bishop Otto Georgens of Speyer on December 1, 2013.

Church organ.

In a corner next to the chapel's entrance is an organ built in 1972 by the organ maker firm Hugo Mayer (Heusweiler). The instrument has 5 registers and a free-standing organ console.

The Holy Cross Chapel (German: "Heilig-Kreuz-Kapelle") also known as the "Gnadenkapelle" is located on the Han ("Hain") above Blieskastel in Saarland. As a place of pilgrimage, it belongs to the Blieskastel Monastery, built in 1929, and is visited by around 80,000 pilgrims annually. The chapel was built as a place of veneration for a relic of the True Cross, but today it is closely related to the 14th century Pietà "Our Lady with the Arrows". In the list of monuments of the Saarland, the chapel is listed as an individual monument within the ensemble of the monastery complex "Auf dem Han".

Die Heilig-Kreuz-Kapelle oder auch Gnadenkapelle liegt am Han („Hain“) oberhalb von Blieskastel im Saarland. Es gehört als Wallfahrtsort zu dem 1929 erbauten Kloster Blieskastel (Minoritenkloster) und wird jährlich von etwa 80.000 Pilgern besucht. Die Kapelle entstand als Verehrungsort einer Kreuzreliquie, steht aber heute in engem Kontext zu der aus dem 14. Jahrhundert stammenden Pietà „Unsere Liebe Frau mit den Pfeilen“. In der Denkmalliste des Saarlandes ist die Kapelle als Einzeldenkmal im Ensemble "Klosteranlage „Auf dem Han“" aufgeführt.


Early life.

Wallis was born in Oxford, England. She was raised in Cascais, Portugal, where her family emigrated when she was eighteen months old.  Her maternal great-uncle is actor Richard Harris. Her cousins are actors Jared Harris, Jamie Harris and director Damian Harris. On her father's side, she is a descendant of English singer Marie Lloyd. Her older brother, Francis Wallis, is a director and worked for fashion designer Michael Kors and singers Pixie Lott and Birdy.  As a result of attending international schools, Wallis speaks fluent English, Portuguese, French, and Spanish.

Career.

2005–2012: Career beginnings.

In Portugal, Wallis appeared in several short films before she moved to London to pursue a career in film. In London, she did some advertisements and looked into drama schools before ultimately deciding to find an agent.  In 2005 she landed a lead role in the Bollywood film "Dil Jo Bhi Kahey...". The film did not fare well at box office. In the following years, she landed small parts in "True True Lie" (2006) alongside Jaime King or "Body of Lies" (2008) in which she played Mark Strong’s girlfriend. She starred in the B-movie "Steel Trap" (2008).  In television, her breakthrough was in season three of the Showtime drama series "The Tudors" (2009) as queen Jane Seymour. She replaced actress Anita Briem. In the following years, she starred in the television film "The Lost Future" (2010) alongside Sam Claflin and in the ABC series "Pan Am" (2011). The show was cancelled after one season due to a drop in audiences.  In 2011, she was directed by Madonna in "W.E.: Wallis & Edouard" and had a small part in "". In 2012 she appeared in Jared Leto's documentary "Artifact" and in "Snow White and the Huntsman" but was not credited.

2013–2017: "Peaky Blinders" and blockbusters.

Wallis starred as Grace Burgess in the BBC drama "Peaky Blinders", from 2013 to 2016.  In 2014, she joined "The Conjuring Universe" with the main part of the horror film "Annabelle" directed by John R. Leonetti and produced by James Wan. The film was a box-office success and became the fourteenth highest-grossing horror/supernatural film. Wallis' performance stood out and she was nominated at the 2015's MTV Movie & TV Awards for "Best Scared-As-S**t Performance". She returned as Mia Form in "" ("2017"). In 2014, she portrayed Muriel Wright, the original Bond Girl, on the mini-series "" alongside actor Dominic Cooper.  In 2016 she starred in the action comedy film "The Brothers Grimsby", the drama "Come and Find Me" and the psychological thriller war film "Mine".  In 2017, Wallis joined the "Dark Universe" created by Universal Pictures and starred as archaeologist Jenny Halsey in "The Mummy", a reboot of "The Mummy" franchise. Wallis did almost all of her stunts herself including a Zero-G scene that almost killed her. The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb. It was nominated in eight categories at the Golden Raspberry Awards and in two categories at the Alliance of Women Film Journalists which included Tom Cruise and Annabelle Wallis in the category "Most Egregious Age Difference between the Lead and the love Interest Award". The same year she joined Guy Ritchie's "".

2018–2020: Diversification and leading parts.

In 2018, she landed a lead in the American comedy "Tag" as Rebecca Crosby. Later that year, Wallis reunited with film director Alex Kurtzman for an episode of "". She lends her voice to an artificial intelligence called Zora.  In April 2018, she was announced to be Cartier's ambassador for jewelry and the new face of the "Panthère de Cartier" watch.  In 2019, Wallis joined Showtime's mini-series "The Loudest Voice". She portrays Laurie Luhn, Head of Booking at Fox News Channel and Roger Ailes' long-time "mistress". Luhn is one of Ailes' first victim to talk and denounce him, alongside Gretchen Carlson. The series received generally favorable reviews and was nominated at the Golden Globe Awards for Best Limited Series or Television Film. Wallis' performance was praised and seen as an "heartbreakingly powerful work" according to the "Chicago Sun Times".  Later that year, Wallis reprised her role as Grace Shelby in the fifth season of "Peaky Blinders". She joined the science fiction action film "Boss Level" directed by Joe Carnahan, starring Frank Grillo and Mel Gibson and was announced as a lead in Agata Alexander's science fiction thriller "Warning".

Upcoming projects.

In February 2019, she landed the role of Sheriff Alice Gustafson in Robin Pront’s thriller "The Silencing". The film was supposed to premiere at the South by Southwest festival in March 2020 but it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Saban will distribute the film. Wallis stars in James Wan's horror film "Malignant". Scheduled by Warner Bros to premiere on August 2020, the released was postponed to an unknown date due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In February 2020, right before the lockdown ordered by the United Kingdom due to the pandemic, she finalized the filming of the Christmas comedy "Silent Night".

Philanthropy.

Wallis is a feminist. In February 2018, she attended the "Letters Live" event curated by Net-à-Porter in Los Angeles where she read a letter from suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst. The money raised was donated to Women for Women International.  She spoke up against Brexit and in June 2018, she participated to the "#DontFuckMyFuture" campaign to conscientize young people and encourage them to vote against the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.  Wallis supports Save The Children and participated to the "Christmas Jumper"’s campaign in November 2018. She is committed to the NGO Help Refugees and their project "Choose Love" which provides humanitarian aid to refugees around the world and advocates for them. She attended the launch of the Choose Love's store in Los Angeles in December 2019. In September 2019 she joined the "U.n.I (You & I)" project for UNICEF.  In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Wallis teamed up with her friend, fashion designer Georgia Hardinge, to raise funds for the charity Age UK. Along with other celebrities, Wallis joined the movement "#SaveWithStories" in partnership with Save The Children and No Kid Hungry. The movement aims at providing fun and education to kids and parents stuck at home during the pandemic. The donations made to "#SaveWithStories" will help children and families most affected by the COVID-19 crisis around the world by providing them with food, access to early learning resources and household goods.

Personal life.

Wallis was in an on-off relationship with singer Chris Martin from August 2015 to August 2017. she did vocals on the song "Up&Up" which closes Coldplay's album "A Head Full of Dreams".  In April 2018, it was revealed that she has been dating American actor Chris Pine.

The Astra modelo 400 was a Spanish service pistol produced by weapons manufacturer Astra-Unceta y Cia SA. as a replacement for the Campo-Giro 1913/1916, which had also been chambered in 9mm Largo. It was the standard issue sidearm in the Spanish Army during the Spanish Civil War and also saw service in Germany during World War II.

Die Selbstladepistole Astra 400 wurde im Kaliber 9 mm Largo und weiteren Kalibern hergestellt. Waffenhersteller war die spanische Firma Astra Unceta Y Compañia S.A. Diese Pistole wurde 1921 von der Spanischen Armee eingeführt und gilt daher als Ordonnanzpistole. Sie hat ein innenliegendes Schlagstück, verfügt über eine Griffsicherung und hat einen unverriegelten Masseverschluss.


β-1.6D<br>.

The 1.6-liter Hyundai G4GR (β-1.6D) engine was assembled from 1995 to 2001 at the Ulsan plant. Unlike other representatives of the Beta series, this engine did not receive the second generation and was replaced by the power unit Alpha II. In a number of markets, a deferred version of 90 hp was sold.  The β-1.6D (Engine code: G4GR) is an in-line, spark-ignition 4-stroke, dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) 16 valve engine and had two (2) variants depending on the vehicle's sub-model. There was a Beta I G4GR version for the GL sub-models (Europe Germany market) with an advertised power of 66 kW/ 89 hp/ 90 PS (ECE) and 126 Nm/ 93 lb-ft of torque and the Beta I G4GR version for the GLSi and LSi sub-models ("") advertised power of 84 kW/113 hp/114 PS (ECE) with 143 Nm / 105 lb-ft of torque.  SPECIFICATIONS:  Cylinder bore: 77.40 mm/ 3.051 in Stroke: 85.00 mm/ 3.346 in Engine Displacement: 1599 cm3 / 97.9 cui Compression Ratio: 9.85 Firing Order: 1-3-4-2Idle RPM: 800°± 100 Ignition Timing at idling speed: BTDC 7°± 5°/800 rpm "(Limit: BTDC 10°± 5°/800 rpm"'  PISTON  VALVE GUIDE  Installed dimension O.D. (Intake): 14 mm (0.551 in.) Installed dimension O.D. (Exhaust): 14 mm (0.551 in.) Service size: 0.05, 0.25, 0.50 mm (0.002, 0.010, 0.020 in.) oversize  The 2nd generation Elantra (J2) and 1997-2000 Hyundai Coupe-I (RD) were equipped with Beta I G4GR engine and were distributed primarily within the European, Russian, Middle East and parts of Asian General Market. The vehicles sold in this market were equipped with an Adjusting Potentiometer, idle mixture  All models except the Hyundai Coupe-I equipped with the Beta-I G4GR DOHC did not include a Mass Air Flow (Air Mass) sensor which can be purchased separately.  For aftermarket barometric pressure (MAP) sensor installation, an integrated Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) and the Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor is available.  The Beta-I series G4GR engine was equipped on the following vehicles listed below:  The Beta-I series G4GR engine was equipped on the following vehicles listed below:  Hyundai Coupe-I (RD) 1.6 16v from 03-

β-1.8D<br>.

The 1.8-liter Hyundai G4GM engine (β-1.8D) was manufactured from 1995 to 2003 at the Ulsan enterprise and was put on several popular models of the Korean concern, for example the Elantra and Coupe. The motor was assembled for eight years and after it was replaced with a similar in volume unit of the Beta II series.  SPECIFICATIONS:  Cylinder bore: 82 mm (3.228 in.) Stroke: 85 mm (3.346 in.) Engine Displacement: 1795cc (109.54 cu.in.)Compression Ratio: 10.0

β-2.0D<br>.

The 2.0-liter Hyundai G4GF engine was assembled from 1996 to 2001 at an enterprise in Ulsan and was put on two models of the concern: Elantra, as well as the Coupe. The motor was produced only five years and after it gave way to the power unit of the Beta II series, which became a real bestseller.  The G4GF (also called the 2.0 D) is the 2.0L (1975cc) version, having debuted in 1997 as the uplevel engine for the original Hyundai Tiburon. It shares the 82 mm bore of the 1.8 but is stroked to 93.5 mm. It has a cast iron engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder head. It uses MFI fuel injection, has four valves per cylinder and features powdered cast steel connecting rods. OPA Output is 140 hp (102 kW) at 6000 rpm and

β-1.8D<br>.

The 1.8-liter Hyundai G4GB engine was manufactured from 2000 to 2010 in Korean Ulsan and was put on such popular models of the concern as Elantra, Cerato and Matrix. The motor belonged to the Beta II series therefore had an upgraded design relative to its predecessors.

β-2.0D<br>.

The 2.0-liter Hyundai β-2.0D engine was produced from 2001 to 2012 at the company in Ulsan and was put on numerous popular models of the concern, such as Elantra, Sonata and Tucson. The power unit belonged to the β-2.0D (Beta II) series and since 2003 it was equipped with a phase regulator at the inlet.  The β-2.0D engine is equipped with the CVVT timing system. The engine is reliable and unpretentious, has a high resource of more than 300 thousand km. The β-2.0D is the oldest model of the 2nd generation β-series (Beta II) family.  Four-stroke, four-cylinder petrol with electronic control system of fuel injection and ignition, with in-line arrangement of cylinders and pistons rotating one common crankshaft, with the top arrangement of two camshafts (with the CVVT system). The engine has a closed-type liquid cooling system with forced circulation. The lubrication system is combined: under pressure and spraying.  The head of the block of cylinders' "β-2.0D "' is made of an aluminum alloy. The drive of the camshafts is carried out by a toothed belt. The belt itself drives only the exhaust camshaft and the intake camshaft is driven from the exhaust by means of a chain, it is in the rear of the cylinder head as is the mechanism for changing the valve timing. On the engine there are no hydraulic compensators, adjustment of backlashes of valves is required at run in 90 thousand in km.  During 2001-2002, the new β-2.0D engine made its debut in models such as the XD Elantra and GK Tiburon. Output is 138 hp (102 kW) at 6000 rpm with of torque at 4500 rpm. It has a cast iron engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. The latest version of the 2.0L Beta engine (G4GC) features CVVT, which exists only on the intake side, a first for Hyundai/Kia. The following changes were noted.  In 2008 the Beta II was modified to produce and of torque.

The Hyundai β-series engines are 1.6 L to 2.0 L straight-4 built in Ulsan, South Korea. All β-series engines are dual overhead camshaft valvetrain (DOHC) design. The β-series engine uses a direct-acting overhead cam valvetrain arrangement which places the camshaft in the cylinder head above the pistons and combustion chamber and operates the valve tappets/lifters directly.

Bei der Baureihe Beta handelt es sich um Vierzylinder-Ottomotoren mit zwei obenliegenden Nockenwellen (DOHC) und vier Ventilen pro Zylinder. Die Motoren werden in Ulsan und Hwaseong, Südkorea gebaut. Entwickelt wurden sie in Hyundais Forschungs- und Entwicklungszentrum in Yongin (Südkorea).


History.

Ashley Laminates was founded in 1955 by Peter Pellandine and Keith Waddington. The name "Ashley" was chosen as it was the name of Peter Pellandine's house in Woodford Green. They designed and built their first car using GRP for the bodyshell. The two set up a small factory in a garage next to the Robin Hood Inn at Loughton, Essex to produce shells. The garage has now made way for the pub car park.  In late 1956 Pellandine left the company to found Falcon Shells, another specials company. Pellandine took with him the rights and tooling to manufacture the short-wheelbase bodyshell for the Ashley 750 and the Sports Racer which he continued in production as the Falcon Mark 1 and Mark 2 respectively.  In 1958, to increase manufacturing space, Ashley Laminates moved to the Potteries in Upshire, whilst retaining the Loughton premises as a showroom. He also introduced a new bodyshell, the 1172, and the Regent chassis. 1960 saw the introduction of the Sportiva.  In 1961 the company moved again, this time to Bush Fair, Harlow, but the following year production of body shells ceased when the specials market waned, due to a change in Sales Tax rules. The company, however, continued to manufacture GRP hardtops and bonnets for sports cars.  Adverts from 1963 onwards indicate that the company changed names to Ashley Auto Improvements and moved, this time to Bishops Stortford in Hertfordshire. Although Keith Waddington died in the mid-1960s, the company continued until 1972. The Ashley range of bodyparts has been re introduced in 2010 by Moto-Build Racing in Sutton in Surrey and whilst at present it focuses mainly on the MG Midget and Austin Healey Sprite there are moulds in progress for the Triumph Spitfire Mk1, 2 and 3, there is a website dedicated to this at www.ashleygt.co.uk

Models.

Ashley 750.

Based on the short-wheelbase (6-foot 3 inch) Austin Seven chassis, with its 747 cc engine (hence the model name). Later a long-wheelbase (6-foot 9 inch) version was offered. The price of both was the same: £78 for the shell and £25 for the hard top. The early hardtops had gull wing doors but it is believed that none have survived. When Pellandine left, he took the rights to build the short-wheelbase version, while Ashley just manufactured the long version.

Ashley Sports Racer.

Introduced shortly after the 750 for £90, it was made to accommodate wheelbases from to As the name suggests the shell was primarily designed for track rather than everyday road use and could be mated to an Elva chassis. A number of contemporary racing cars used it.

Ashley 1172.

Launched in August 1958, it was initially a roadster with a detachable hard top, to fit the Ford 8 and 10hp chassis of wheelbase with the Ford Sidevalve engine. It had a displacement of 1172 cc from which the model took its name. The Regent chassis was advertised as an alternative underpinning for the shell. Early in 1959 a fixed head coupe was offered whilst from January 1960 the 1172 was also available to fit the Prefect ladder frame. The roadster shells retailed for £105 and the coupes for £160. The rights to the 1172 body were acquired by Yitzhak Shubinsky of the Israeli Autocars Co. and modified, becoming both the Autocar Sabra and in a manufacturing agreement with Reliant, the Reliant Sabre.

Ashley Sportiva.

Debuting in November 1960, it was initially an 1172 with revised front styling. It was made available as a bodyshell or with an Ashley chassis. It could be had as a drophead or a fixed head coupe with two or four seats. Later Sportiva's had a revised rear with boot lid and a longer wheelbase of eight feet to accommodate the new Mark 6 chassis. The fixed head coupe bodyshell retailed for £182.

Ashley Sportiva Morgan +4 Coupe.

Debuting at the 1962 Geneva Motor Show this Morgan +4 fitted with an Ashley Sportiva body-shell never went into production.

Ashley were manufacturer of body shells and chassis for specials from 1955 to 1962. They also offered a range of products for special builders: radiators, header tanks, lighting sets, steel tubing, sheet aluminium, various suspension parts, water pumps, tires, tubes and wheels. The company also made bonnets and hardtops for other mass-produced sports cars, including the Austin-Healey Sprite and Jaguar E-Type.

Ashley Laminates war ein britischer Hersteller von Karosserien, Fahrgestellen und Kit Cars, der von 1955 bis 1962 in Loughton (Essex), Potteries (Epping Forest (Essex)) und Bushfair (Harlow (Essex)) arbeitete. Er bot auch eine Reihe von Automobilzulieferteilen wie Kühler, Tanks, Lichtanlagen, Stahlrahmenrohre, Aluminiumbleche, verschiedene Teile für die Radaufhängung, Wasserpumpen, Reifen, Schläuche und Räder für Kleinserienhersteller an. Ferner stellte das Unternehmen Motorhauben und Hardtops für verschiedene Großserienfahrzeuge wie den Austin-Healey Sprite und den Jaguar E-Type her.


Professional career.

Labović grew up with KK Zdravlje from Leskovac. In 2002 he moved to juniors of FMP. He made his debut for the first team during the 2003–04 season, and in next two years he played a couple games for first team.  For the 2005–06 season he was loaned to KK Borac Čačak where he had minutes to play and chance to improve himself. In 2006 he was invited to play at Nike Hoop Summit in Memphis, Tennessee. After one season at loan he goes back to FMP. With FMP he won the 2007 Serbian Cup. He was the top scorer of the 2008–09 season of the Adriatic League, averaging 18 points per game.  On January 3, 2010, he signed with the Greek club Aris. He played only three league games and four Eurocup games, and in March 2010, he moved to Skyliners Frankfurt for the rest of the season.  The 2010–11 season he played with BC Enisey. For the next season he moved to Krasnye Krylia. In June 2012, he signed a two–year contract with Nizhny Novgorod. He left Nizhny after one season.  In November 2013, he signed with the Polish club AZS Koszalin. He left the club in January 2014, because of family reasons. On January 31, 2014, he signed with Aliağa Petkim of the Turkish Basketball League. He left them in April 2014. Later that month he entered the Lebanese League signing with Al Riyadi Club. He left Al Riyadi in May 2014 after playing only two games.  In July 2014, he signed a one-year contract with the Romanian team CSU Asesoft Ploiești. In February 2015, he left Asesoft. In 12 league games he averaged 10.7 points per game. He also played 15 games in Eurocup where he had 8.3 points per game.  In October 2015, he signed with the Turkish club İstanbul BB. He left Istanbul after appearing in four games. In December 2015, he signed with the Finnish club BC Nokia for the rest of the season.  On July 7, 2016, Labović signed with Macedonian club Karpoš Sokoli for the 2016–17 season. On June 19, 2017, he re-signed with Karpoš Sokoli for one more season. On December 1, 2017, he left Karpoš Sokoli and signed with his former club BC Nokia.

Serbian national team.

Youth level.

Labović won the gold medal at the 2003 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship and the 2005 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship. He was MVP at 2005 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship. He was part of the younger generation in the national teams did not lose a single match at official matches, and there he was one of the best players in that generation with Milenko Tepić and Miloš Teodosić.

Full squad.

Labović made the Serbian national basketball team under head coach Moka Slavnić for the EuroBasket 2007.  During summer 2012, head coach Dušan Ivković included Labović on the preliminary list of players for the EuroBasket 2013 qualifying, but the 25-year-old power forward who spent the previous season with BC Krasnye Krylia from Samara didn't make the final cut.  Commenting his decision to exclude Labović, Ivković reportedly said that "Labović has issues with his weight as he recently became a father and probably celebrated a little too much".  Stung by Ivković's comment, Labović responded months later in September 2012 by putting out a bitter, somewhat cryptic, and highly unusual press release, which was published by Serbian sports media outlets. Though Ivković's comments were made months earlier, Labović's press release came after the end of qualifying cycle in which Serbia barely qualified for the EuroBasket.  In the release Labović criticized 68-year-old Ivković's professional integrity and coaching skills, accusing the famous coach of letting his agent Miško Ražnatović of the BeoBasket agency exert an undue influence when it comes to squad selection for the national team. Among other things, addressing Ivković directly, Labović said:  A few weeks after his press release, Labović's club BC Nizhny Novgorod led by a Serbian head coach Zoran Lukić, reprimanded the player although his punishment was not specified.

Dragan Labović (; born April 20, 1987) is a Serbian professional basketball player who last played for BC Nokia of the Finnish Korisliiga. He also represented the Serbian national basketball team internationally. He is a 2.07 m (6 ft 10 in) tall power forward.

Dragan Labović (; * 20. April 1987 in Prokuplje, SR Serbien) ist ein serbischer Basketballspieler. Bisher spielte er in dem serbischen Verein FMP Železnik Belgrad und im griechischen Verein Aris Thessaloniki, wurde jedoch in den letzten Stunden der Transferperiode im Februar 2010 zu einem Teammitglied der Skyliners Frankfurt und spielte in der Saison 2009/10 als 2,07 m großer Center. Zur folgenden Saison wechselte er zum BK Jenissei Krasnojarsk aus Russland. Für die Spielzeit 2011/12 wechselte er aus Sibirien zum Ligakonkurrenten "Krasnye Krylja" () nach Samara im europäischen Südrussland. Nach einer weiteren Spielzeit in Russland war er während der Saison 2013/14 befristet für AZS aus Koszalin in der polnischen Tauron Liga tätig, bevor er Anfang 2014 bei Aliağa Petkim GSK aus Izmir in der Türkiye Basketbol Ligi Marcellus Sommerville ersetzte, der zum deutschen Verein s.Oliver Baskets gewechselt war. Noch vor Saisonende verließ Labović den abgeschlagenen Tabellenletzten und hatte im April 2014 noch zwei Einsätze in der libanesischen Division A bei al-Riyadi aus Beirut.