Excavation.

Lyttle inherited a 20-room property in the London borough of Hackney. In the mid sixties he dug out a wine cellar under his home. Having done so, he said that he had "found a taste for the thing" and kept on digging, for some forty years. He created a network of tunnels, wide and narrow, on several levels. Tunnels led in all directions, some of them up to in length, and reaching as far down as the water table. One excavation connected with the Dalston Lane tunnel, and the railway line.  Lyttle dumped the clay he dug up in his garden and sometimes in empty rooms of the house. At some time he stopped maintaining his house and the building fell into disrepair.  Lyttle's work attracted complaints from neighbours when sinkholes began to appear in the pavement, and when water and power supplies were interrupted. The local pub also expressed concern that its cellar could collapse into one of Lyttle's tunnels. Serious complaints to Hackney Council may have started around the turn of the century, leading to inspections but at first not to firm actions. Because of the state of the house and the complaints an ultrasound inspection was carried out in 2006, revealing the extent of the tunnels.  When asked by journalists why he had excavated the tunnels, he said "I'm just a man who loves to dig" and that he just wanted "a big basement". He also said that "There is great beauty in inventing things that serve no purpose."  Lyttle was dubbed "The Mole Man of Hackney" by the press.

Legal challenges.

Lyttle was evicted in 2006, and Hackney Borough Council filled the tunnels with aerated concrete. He contested the decision in court and returned to his home for a short time. In 2008, the High Court of Justice ordered that Lyttle cover the costs of the council making the structure safe, at a total of £293,000.  After this, Lyttle was moved to a hotel for three years, before being rehoused in an apartment in a high-rise building. He was put on the top floor, to discourage tunnelling. While there he knocked a hole in a dividing wall between two rooms.

The property after Lyttle.

Some 33 tonnes of soil and debris were removed from Lyttle's former garden and from some of the rooms, including the wrecks of three cars and a boat. In 2012 the property was sold for some £1.1 million. By 2020, the house has been renovated by the architect David Adjaye to form a home and studio for the artist Sue Webster.

William Lyttle (1931–2010) was a British civil engineer who gained fame by digging an extensive network of tunnels under his home in London.

William Lyttle (* 1931 in Nordirland; † 7. Juni 2010 in London), genannt "Mole Man of Hackney" (Maulwurfsmann von Hackney) war ein britischer Exzentriker.


Phonemes.

Consonants (Central Dangaleat, Burke 1995) Vowels

References.

Baldi, Sergio. 2007. Les emprunts arabe en dangaleat. In: Henry Tourneux (ed.), Topics in Chadic Linguistics III: Historical Studies. Papers from the 3rd Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages, 27–36. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.  Boyeldieu, Pascal. 1977. Notes linguistiques. In: Jean-Pierre Caprile (ed.), Études phonologiques tchadiennes, 233–237. Paris: SELAF.  Lawrence R. Burke. 1995. An Introduction to the Verbal System of Central Dangaleat. University of North Dakota MA thesis.  Jacques Fedry. 1977. "Apercu sur la phonologie et la tonologie de quatre langues du groupe Mubi-Karbo (Guera, Dangaleat-est, Dangaleat-ouest, Bidiyo, Dyongor)," "Etudes Phonologiques Chadiennes". Ed. J. Caprile. Paris: SELAF. Pages 87–112.  Ebobissé, Carl. 1978. Ein Tiermärchen aus dem Ost-Dangaleat. Africana Marburgensia 11, 1:3–18.  Ebobissé, Carl. 1979. Die Morphologie des Verbs im Ost-Dangaleat (Guera, Tschad). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.  Ebobissé, Carl. 1980. L'injoctif en dangaléat de l'est. Africana Marburgensia, Special Issue 4:41–47.  Ebobissé, Carl. 1985. L'apotonie et l'apophonie dans le système verbal du dangaléat de l'est. In: Langues tchadiques et langues non tchadiques en contact en Afrique Centrale. Paris: SELAF.  Ebobissé, Carl. 1987. Les verbaux du dangaléat de l'est (Guéra, Tchad). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.  Fédry, Jacques. 1969. Syntagmes de détermination en dangaléat. Journal of West African Languages 6, 1:5–19.  Fédry, Jacques. 1971a. Dictionnaire dangaléat. Thèse de 3e cycle, Lyon.  Fédry, Jacques. 1971b. Masculin, féminin et collectif en dangaléat. Journal of African Languages 10, 1:34–46.  Fédry, Jacques. 1971c. Phonologie du dangaléat. Thèse de 3e cycle, Lyon.  Fédry, Jacques. 1974. Pátó à l'est, pàtò à l'ouest, ou l'énigme tonale des parlers dangaléat (Guéra, Tchad). Paper presented at the 11th Congress of the Société Linguistique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Yaoundé, April 1974.  Fédry, Jacques. 1977. Aperçu sur la phonologie et la tonologie de quatre langues du groupe “Mubi-Karbo” (Guéra): dangaléat est, dangaléat ouest, bidiyo, dyongor. In: Jean-Pierre Caprile (ed.), Études phonologiques tchadiennes, 87–112. Paris: Société des Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France (SELAF).  Fédry, Jacques. 1981. Le Dangaleat. In: Jean Perrot (ed.), Les langues dans le monde ancien et moderne. CNRS: Paris.  Fedry, Jaques. 1990. Verbes monosyllabiques en dangaléat. In: Herrmann Jungraithmayr and Henri Tourneux (eds.), Études tchadiques, 9–13. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.  Frajzyngier, Zygmunt. 2005. L'augment telique ('goal') dans les langues tchadiques. In: Antoine Lonnet and Amina Mettouchi (eds.), Les langues chamito-sémitiques (afro-asiatiques), vol. 1, 215–230. Paris: Ophrys.  Frajzyngier, Zygmunt, Holly Krech, and Armik Mirzayan. 2002. Motivation for copulas in equational clauses. Linguistic Typology 6(2): 155–198.  Montgolfier, Paul de. 1973. Dictionnaire dangaléat (kaawo dangla). Avec la collaboration de Bada, Adoum, and Djibrine Zaid.  Shay, Erin. 1994. Complementation and modality: Two complementizers in East Dangla. Colorado Research in Linguistics 13:79–91.  Shay, Erin. 1999. A grammar of East Dangla: The simple sentence. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado. UMI.  Shay, Erin. 2008. Coding the unexpected. In: Zygmunt Frajzyngier and Erin Shay (eds.). Interaction of Morphology and Syntax: case studies in Afroasiatic, 85–106. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Dangaléat (also known as Dangla, Danal, Dangal) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. Speakers make up the majority of the population of Migami Canton in Mongo, Chad.

Dangla, Selbstbezeichnung "daŋla", auf Französisch "dangaléat" genannt, ist eine in der Region um die Stadt Mongo im südlichen Tschad gesprochene Sprache oder Gruppe nahe verwandter Sprachen. Man unterteilt das Sprachgebiet in West- und Ost-Dangla, oder in West-, Zentral- und Ost-Dangla. Je nach Auffassung handelt es sich dabei um mehrere eng verwandte Sprachen oder um Dialekte einer einzigen Sprache. Das Dangla gehört zur Ostgruppe der Familie der Tschadischen Sprachen. Es wird von ca. 45.000 Personen gesprochen, die zumeist auch das Tschadisch-Arabische beherrschen, von dem das Dangla tendenziell verdrängt wird.


Club career.

Michael was raised in Cairns and played all his junior football at Saints Soccer Club. His amateur senior career began at merged club Edge Hill-Saints before moving south to Sydney University in the New South Wales Winter Super League on a Warwick Segal university scholarship. He then spent two seasons playing professionally for Marconi Stallions (2002–2004) in the now defunct NSL, before heading to Romania. He was then signed to Wisła Kraków on a Bosman transfer from FC Naţional Bucureşti in Romania's Divizia A.  On 28 January 2008 he signed for SK Brann and was loaned to the Melbourne Victory on 19 June 2008. On 26 July 2008 he scored his first goal for the Victory in a pre-season cup game against Perth Glory, to guide the Victory to a 1–0 win in Perth.  On 5 January 2009 he was signed from Melbourne by Gold Coast United after successfully negotiating his transfer from Brann.  On 1 February 2012 he scored his first goal in his professional career for Gold Coast United against his former club Melbourne Victory at Aurora Stadium in Tasmania. The game finished 1–1.  Michael played for Perth Glory for the 2012 – 2013 A-League season onwards after Gold Coast United folded at the end of the 2011–12 A-League season and was selected as part of the PFA team of the year. He also featured in the All Stars match verses Juventus after the 2013–14 A-League. He played every single minute of the 2014–15 A-League season.  Following Perth Glory's salary cap scandal of the 2014–15 A-League season, it is understood his days at the club were numbered and in mid-January Thwaite joined Chinese club Liaoning Whowin.  During Michael's first season in the 2016 Chinese Super League Thwaite made 25 appearances scoring 3 goals.  Following changes to the Chinese Super League's foreign allowance and Liaoning Whowin signing Australians Robbie Kruse and James Holland, Thwaite was released along with his Australian teammate Dario Vidošić in February 2017.  Thwaite signed for Western Sydney Wanderers for the 2017–18 A-League season, scoring 1 goal and reaching 200 A-League games during the Sydney Derby on 25 February 2018. At the conclusion of the season, Michael returned home to his family on the Gold Coast.  In 2019 Michael will play for Gold Coast United in the Queensland National Premier League. On 8 June 2019 Thwaite played his 100th competitive game for Gold Coast United scoring in the 52nd minute against South West Queensland.

International career.

Thwaite was part of the Australian under-20s team in the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship in the UAE. He was also involved with the 2004 Olympics qualifying team, but did not make the final squad for the tournament proper. He made his international debut on 9 October 2005 in a 5–0 win in a friendly match held in London against Jamaica. He was a squad member of the Australian national team in their historic World Cup qualifying tie against Uruguay, but did not play, as head coach Guus Hiddink preferred the more experienced Tony Popovic and Tony Vidmar in the starting lineup. Thwaite was also a member of the Australian national team that qualified for the 2014 World Cup.

Honours.

With Melbourne Victory: Personal honours:

Education.

He has a Bachelor of Human Movement Science degree from CQUniversity Australia. Michael also is a certified AFC B-Licence coach.

Michael Errol Thwaite (born 2 May 1983) is an Australian football (soccer) player who currently plays for Gold Coast United.

Michael Errol Thwaite (* 2. Mai 1983 in Cairns) ist ein australischer Fußballspieler, der momentan bei Liaoning Hongyun unter Vertrag steht.


Biography.

Early life.

Goldberger was born in Girált, Sáros County, Kingdom of Hungary (now Giraltovce, Slovakia) into a Jewish family. The youngest of six children, he immigrated to the U.S. with his parents in 1883, eventually settling in Manhattan's Lower East Side. After completing his secondary education, Goldberger entered the City College of New York intending to pursue an engineering career. After a chance encounter in 1892, however, Goldberger became interested in medicine and transferred to the Bellevue Hospital Medical College (now the New York University School of Medicine), receiving his M.D. degree in 1895. His early work on Ellis Island made him a standout investigator for detecting infectious diseases. He became a well-known epidemiologist.

Professional career.

Setting up a private medical practice in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Goldberger soon became intellectually restless. He joined the Public Health Service in 1899, serving first post at the Port of New York, where he conducted health inspections of newly arrived immigrants.  From 1902–1906, Goldberger held a number of epidemiology posts—in Mexico, Puerto Rico, Mississippi and Louisiana. He was involved in the Public Health Service's efforts to combat yellow fever, typhus, dengue fever, and typhoid fever. He gave a particularly noted lecture in Boston, Massachusetts on the effects of parasites in disease transmission. In 1909, Goldberger published his research on an acarine mite-based parasitic infection common among poor, inner-city populations. He also worked with John F. Anderson investigating the transmission of measles and typhus.

Pellagra studies.

In 1914, Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to investigate pellagra, then an endemic disease in the Southern US. Previously it had been rather rare in the United States, but an epidemic broke out in 1906, primarily in the South, and continued until the 1940s. By 1912, South Carolina alone had 30,000 cases, and with a death rate of 40% pellagra had devastating effects on the region.  Pellagra was a painful skin disease commonly found in tropical regions. Some physicians at the time believed that the disease arose in consequence of bad genes, airborne germs, or miasma resulting from poor sanitary conditions. Goldberger's theory that pellagra was associated with diet contradicted the most widely accepted medical opinion that pellagra was an infectious disease. The germ theory of disease had recently become popular in not only the medical field but also the public's consciousness. As a result, the germ theory was often generalized to far more ailments than it actually caused. Goldberger, in contrast, suspected that diet was the true cause, which he came to believe through his observation that hospital staff who worked closely with pellagra patients did not fall sick themselves. Furthermore, pellagra cases were overwhelmingly poor Southerners, especially African Americans and sharecroppers. This was a group that often ate filling and starchy but nutrient-poor foods, especially those derived from corn.  His investigation into pellagra led him to conduct two parallel experiments starting in 1914. In one study he investigated two orphanages that were experiencing rampant pellagra. A group of 172 orphans had the disease already, while 168 subjects did not. With federal funding, he switched them to a more varied diet that included fresh meat, vegetables, milk, and eggs. After several weeks, there were no new cases and almost all of the afflicted orphans had recovered. In the two years of the study, there was only one new case.  His next experiment took place at the Georgia State Sanitarium, the largest mental asylum in the South. Like the orphanages, the asylum had high rates of pellagra. However, this experiment included both an experimental and a control group. Also, he studied two categories of human subjects: black women and white women. By assessing their dietary intake, Goldberger aimed to test his hypothesis. The control group continued receiving the same food as before, but the experimental group was given a more balanced diet. Over the two-year span, half of the control group was sick while everyone on the varied diet recovered. In fact, the latter group improved so much that there was a high dropout rate, since many subjects became well enough to leave the institution. Unfortunately, after the study the funding for more nutritious food dried up and the pellagra rates in the orphanages and asylum returned to pre-study levels.  Goldberger's next objective was to confirm the relationship between poor diet and pellagra. To do this, he met with Earl L. Brewer, the governor of Mississippi, in 1915. He requested access to prisoners of the Rankin State Prison Farm to try and induce pellagra in them. He chose this prison in particular because it previously had no cases of pellagra. After negotiation, Earl accepted Goldberger's request in return for pardons for the prisoners (some of whom had connections with the governor).  Goldberger experimented on eleven healthy volunteers from the Rankin State Prison Farm for this nine-month study. The subjects were put on a strict and heavily monitored corn-based diet lacking meat, milk, and vegetables. Goldberger observed that the subjects became weaker and weaker as the days went on. After six months, five of the eleven patients contracted pellagra and the rest had symptoms corresponding to pellagra. The prisoners reported enduring agony once they were afflicted, and some even tried to drop out of the study but were prevented from doing so. Despite his careful experiments, Goldberger's discovery proved socially and politically unacceptable, and he made little progress in gaining support for the treatment of pellagra. Besides the popularity of the germ theory, opposition also came from Southern leaders who resented a Northerner claiming that the pellagra outbreak was a product of the region's widespread poverty. Consequently, Goldberger became extremely frustrated. He conducted one final experiment, referred to as "filth parties", to silence the critics. In 1916 he injected 16 volunteers—including himself, his wife, and his assistant—with pellagric blood over seven trials. Afterwards they experienced diarrhea and nausea but did not contract the disease. However, this effort too was rejected by critics for using almost entirely male subjects when pellagra was supposedly more common in females.  Though Goldberger established a clear link between pellagra and diet, he never discovered the exact nutrient deficiency that caused it. It was not until 1937 that Conrad Elvehjem discovered that pellagra is caused by a dietary lack of the B vitamin niacin, along with reduced levels of the essential amino acid tryptophan. Tom Spies also contributed to this finding.  Goldberger did not live to see this important discovery. He died on January 19, 1929 from renal cell carcinoma.

Death and legacy.

Goldberger died of kidney cancer in Washington, D.C. in 1929, at the age of fifty-four. Upon his death, Goldberger's wife received a $125-a-month pension thanks to a special congressional bill that recognized the value of his work.  Goldberger was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize. In 1940, John Nesbitt produced a short film about Goldberger titled "A Way in the Wilderness", directed by Fred Zinnemann and starring Shepperd Strudwick.  The story of Goldberger's research on pellagra was featured on the Science Channel TV show, "", August 4, 2012.  The radio program "Cavalcade of America" in 1940 had an episode called "The Red Death" about Goldberger's research on pellagra starring Ray Collins and Agnes Moorehead.  His papers are held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.

Joseph Goldberger () (July 16, 1874 – January 17, 1929) was an American physician and epidemiologist in the United States Public Health Service (PHS). As a public health official, he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize for his important work on the link between pellagra and poor diet.

Joseph Goldberger (* 16. Juli 1874 in Giraltovce, Königreich Ungarn; † 17. Januar 1929 in Washington, D.C., Vereinigte Staaten) war ein US-amerikanischer Mediziner. Zusammen mit Kollegen bewies er Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts, dass sowohl die sogenannte Pellagra des Menschen als auch die "Schwarze-Zunge-Krankheit" des Hundes durch einen Mangel an Nicotinsäure, einem Vitamin aus dem B-Komplex, entstehen. Davor favorisierte man Keime aus Ursache.


Early life.

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Dion Waiters Sr. and Monique Brown, Waiters was raised by his mother, who had him when she was seventeen; his father was in jail at the time of his birth. Four hours after Waiters was born, his grandmother died. Waiters grew up playing basketball wherever he could, regardless of weather or time of day. Away from basketball, his home life revolved around his mother and stepfather, James Barnes.

High school career.

As a freshman, Waiters attended Bartram High School and South Philadelphia High School in Philadelphia, but did not play basketball at either school. Waiters committed to Syracuse during the summer after his freshman year despite not having played a minute of high school ball. In his sophomore year of high school, Waiters attended South Kent School. Waiters then played basketball at Life Center Academy his junior and senior years. Following his senior year, Waiters was ranked as the 15th best overall recruit according to ESPNU and ranked as the No. 2 best shooting guard in the ESPN 100. Waiters was also ranked as the 29th best overall recruit by Rivals.com.

College career.

Freshman season.

In his freshman season at Syracuse, Waiters averaged 6.6 points, 1.5 assists and 1.6 rebounds per game. In a second round loss to Marquette in the NCAA Tournament, Waiters shot 8-for-10 with 18 points.

Sophomore season.

In his sophomore season at Syracuse, Waiters averaged 12.6 points, 2.5 assists and 2.3 rebounds per game. He was named the Big East Sixth Man of the Year, earned third-team All-Big East honors, was named AP Honorable Mention All-American, and was selected to the All-Big East Tournament team.

Professional career.

Cleveland Cavaliers (2012–2015).

Waiters was selected fourth overall in the 2012 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers despite choosing not to work out for any teams before the draft. This was a choice he made after receiving a promise from a team in the middle of the lottery that they would draft him if available. Many scouts also found it a surprise that Waiters was drafted so high because he did not start in college and played zone defense at Syracuse.  On January 14, 2013, Waiters scored a career-high 33 points against the Sacramento Kings, doing so on 12-of-18 shooting. Waiters was selected to play in the Rising Stars Challenge game during 2013 NBA All-Star Weekend, along with teammates Kyrie Irving, Tristan Thompson, and Tyler Zeller. Waiters came off the bench to score 23 points for Team Shaq. Throughout his rookie season, Waiters both started and came off the bench for the Cavaliers. He was consistently bothered by a sprained ankle and loose cartilage in his knee, forcing him to miss 21 games over the year.  After his rookie season, Waiters was graded as the fourth-best overall rookie by NBA.com and placed fifth in NBA Rookie of the Year voting with 21 points.  On February 14, 2014, Waiters participated in the BBVA Rising Stars Challenge. He finished the game with 31 points and 7 assists.  On March 18, 2014, Waiters recorded his first career double-double with 17 points and a career-high 11 assists in a loss to the Miami Heat.  On November 5, 2014, Waiters was absent for the U.S. national anthem and was quoted saying that he stayed in the locker room because of his Muslim faith. He later stated that the report about his religious beliefs having anything to do with him skipping the national anthem was entirely false.

Oklahoma City Thunder (2015–2016).

On January 5, 2015, Waiters was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder from the Cavaliers in a three-team trade that also involved the New York Knicks. Cleveland received Iman Shumpert and J. R. Smith from the Knicks and a first-round pick in the 2015 NBA draft from the Thunder, while Cleveland sent Lou Amundson, Alex Kirk, and a second-round pick in the 2019 NBA draft to the Knicks, and the Thunder sent Lance Thomas to the Knicks. After a poor debut for the Thunder against the Sacramento Kings on January 7 where he scored 4 points on 1-of-9 shooting, he scored 15 points on 7-of-14 shooting two days later to help the Thunder defeat the Utah Jazz, 99–94. On April 15, 2015, in the team's final game of the season, Waiters tied his career-high with 33 points in a 138–113 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves.  Waiters garnered a bench role for the Thunder in 2015–16 under new head coach Billy Donovan. He started in just two games for the team over the first half of the season, playing back up to André Roberson. On November 10, 2015, he scored a season-high 25 points in a 125–101 win over the Washington Wizards. With a knee injury to Roberson in late January, Donovan entrusted Waiters with stepping up to a starting role. On January 26, in his first start since November 22, Waiters scored 14 points in a 128–122 overtime win over the New York Knicks. He returned to the bench on February 24 following Roberson's return from injury. On April 6, he tied his season-high with 25 points in a 120–115 loss to the Portland Trail Blazers. In Game 2 of the Thunder's semi-final series against the San Antonio Spurs, with San Antonio trailing 98–97 with 13.5 seconds remaining and Oklahoma City out of timeouts, Waiters elbowed Spurs guard Manu Ginóbili to get the space needed to inbound the ball. Following the game, Waiters and the referees were highly scrutinized by the public and media personnel.  On June 27, 2016, the Thunder tendered a qualifying offer to make Waiters a restricted free agent. However, on July 18, the Thunder rescinded their qualifying offer, allowing him to become an unrestricted free agent.

Miami Heat (2016–2020).

On July 26, 2016, Waiters signed with the Miami Heat. He made his debut for the Heat in their season opener on October 26 against the Orlando Magic. In 34 minutes as a starter, he recorded nine points, six rebounds and four assists in a 108–96 win. On November 26, he scored a then season-high 28 points in a 110–107 loss to the Memphis Grizzlies. Four days later, he was ruled out for two weeks after an MRI revealed he had suffered a Pectineus tear. He returned to action on January 4, 2017 against the Sacramento Kings after missing 20 straight games. On January 21, he tied a career-high with 33 points in a 109–97 win over the Milwaukee Bucks. Two days later, he made a three-pointer with 0.6 seconds left to cap his second-straight 33-point effort, as he lifted the Heat to a 105–102 win over the Golden State Warriors. He finished the game with six three-pointers on eight attempts. On January 30, 2017, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, January 23 through Sunday, January 29. Waiters led the Heat to a 4–0 week as Miami extended its winning streak to seven games. He averaged 23.3 points (tied for eighth in the East), 5.0 assists and 4.5 rebounds. Waiters missed the final 13 games of the season with an ankle injury, as the Heat missed a playoff spot with a ninth-seed finish and a 41–41 record.  On July 7, 2017, Waiters re-signed with the Heat. On October 30, 2017, he tied his career high with 33 points in a 125–122 overtime loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. In January 2018, his long-problematic left ankle forced him to the sidelines indefinitely, and on January 22, he underwent successful surgery to repair instability in the left ankle. A preexisting navicular bone fracture was also repaired.  On December 28, 2018, Waiters was sent to Miami's NBA G League affiliate team, the Sioux Falls Skyforce, for a rehabilitation assignment. On January 2, 2019, he made his return for the Heat, scoring seven points in six minutes in a 117–92 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers. It was his first game since December 22, 2017. Far from 100 percent fit, he played the game due to Dwyane Wade being sidelined by a virus. His second game of the season came on January 8, scoring a team-high 15 points in a 103–99 loss to the Denver Nuggets.  On October 19, 2019, Waiters was suspended for Miami's 2019–20 season debut game for "conduct detrimental to the team." On November 8, Waiters missed a game against the Los Angeles Lakers due to a panic attack he experienced while flying to the game. His panic attack stemmed from over-consumption of THC-infused edibles. Two days later, the Heat suspended Waiters for 10 games, including the previous game he missed, for the consumed edible. On December 12th, the Heat suspended him again, this time for six games, for calling in to work with an illness, then posting a picture of himself on his Instagram page on a boat celebrating his birthday. On January 24, 2020, Waiters made his season debut scoring 14 points in a 122–117 loss against the Los Angeles Clippers.  On February 6, 2020, Waiters was traded to the Memphis Grizzlies in a three-team trade also involving the Minnesota Timberwolves and three days later, he was waived by the Grizzlies.

Los Angeles Lakers (2020–present).

On March 6, 2020, Waiters signed with the Los Angeles Lakers.

Dion Waiters (born December 10, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Syracuse Orange and was selected with the fourth overall pick in the 2012 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers. Waiters also played for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Oklahoma City Thunder and Miami Heat.

Dion Waiters (* 10. Dezember 1991 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) ist ein US-amerikanischer NBA-Basketballspieler, der zurzeit für die Los Angeles Lakers in der NBA aktiv ist.


Plot.

Buck is a St. Bernard/Scotch collie hybrid dog living the easy life on Judge Miller's estate in Santa Clara, California—unaware that the fall-1897 Klondike gold rush has created a demand for sled dogs. This demand results in Judge Miller's gardener, Manuel, stealing Buck away and selling him to a man who sends him to Seattle—where another man, wearing a red sweater, beats the headstrong Buck into submission with a club—the first introduction into "primitive law". Buck is then sold to Perrault, a dispatch-courier for the Canadian government—who, with his partner, dog-musher Francois, takes him on a boat to Dyea, Alaska.  There, Buck, new to the snowy Northland, sees "the law of club and fang": Curly, another Southland dog, is brought down by a husky, then a group of huskies mercilessly finish her off. Buck then is strapped into dog-team traces and taught to pull a sled—a humiliating experience at first, but something he learns to enjoy. He comes to know the brutal and experienced lead-dog Spitz—and they develop a rivalry for mastery. Among the many lessons of the harsh Northland he learns, learning how to steal without being caught is the "first sign" that he's capable of adapting to the precarious environment. Perrault is a daring man who works hard to drive the team safely over treacherous ice; Francois is a stern but fair dog-driver who even makes moccasins for Buck's as-yet soft feet from a pair of his own. The team travels the "Yukon Trail" up to Dawson City in Canada's Yukon territory—where a gold prospector, later revealed to be John Thornton, notices him.  On the way back to Dyea, a chase between the dogs and a hare leads to the ultimate death-match between Buck and Spitz—who severely wounds Buck before Buck determines how to effectively strike back and kill Spitz. With Spitz gone, Buck prepares to assume the lead-dog position, but Francois attempts to place the half-blind but reliable Sol-leks in the spot. Buck contests that—and when Perrault and Francois can't get Buck to comply, even with clubs thrown, they give "him" the position; Buck then proves to be an even more reliable leader than Spitz. Perrault, already ahead of the trail record and determined to beat it, slowly works the dogs down;—when wheel-dog Dave can longer pull the sled, and won't run free alongside to get back his strength, the men decide to euthanize him—with Perrault leading the team ahead before Francois' shot is heard.  When they return to Dyea, the dogs——too worn out to work for the men anymore—are sold. Francois embraces them—especially Buck—a final time, while Perrault tells the new owners—Hal, his sister Mercedes, and her husband Charles, a trio of inept Southland prospectors—that the dogs need a rest. But the rash, impatient Hal wants to head to Dawson immediately—ignoring the onlookers' advice about lightening the load and ditching the tent until after the dogs pull the sled, and it tips over and spills. With a smaller load, the team starts out—with four of Mercedes' dogs from the Southland added, which ultimately means too many dogs to feed over the long trek.  The overworked and starving dogs start dying off; when the good-natured Billie falls dead in his tracks, Hal—all Southland gentility gone—cuts him out of the traces and leaves his corpse on the snow. The spring thaw leaves them increasingly without crossing places on the river; when they pull into John Thornton's camp at White River, he advises them to lay over until the fall. Hal instead orders Buck to lead the sled across the ice, but Buck, sensing "impending doom", refuses to get up, even under several blows of the club. John Thornton pushes back Hal, saying, "If you strike that dog again, I'll kill you", and cuts Buck loose. The trio leads the remaining dogs on; after a quarter mile, the ice gives way under the sled—killing dogs and humans alike.  Buck finds the nurturing John Thornton to be the "ideal master"—experiencing "love" for the first time;—he nevertheless grows wilder and more tempted by the forest—with only Thornton holding him to civilization. He later repays his live-saving master when John and his partners Hans and Pete are prospecting for gold and Thornton is suddenly swept into the harsh river current—leading to a daring rescue by Buck with Hans and Pete. Later, in Dawson, John Thornton pays off his debts by betting that Buck can single-handedly pull half a ton of flour on an ice-stuck sled 100 yards—which Buck amazingly does. Buck and Thornton then head off into the wilderness in search of a Lost Cabin full of gold.  Before they can find the legendary cabin, they find a used gold mine and decide to go no further. While John pans for gold, Buck increasingly spends more and more time in the forest, hearing "the call of the wild". During a long time away, Buck kills a bear and befriends a wolf; remembering John Thornton, he returns to his master, only to set out again later. When John Thornton finally finds gold, he is slain by a Yeehat Native American warrior—who is then slain by Buck, who's arrived a little too late. Mourning his master, he hears the call again; this time, with "the last tie" to mankind broken, he obeys, becoming a wild dog leading a pack of wolves. The Yeehats subsequently tell of a "Ghost Dog" who leads the wolf-pack—terrorizing them, and ensuring "there is one valley they never enter." This dog "sings the song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack."

Reception.

The Hollywood Reporter said it was, "... a pleasant surprise. Much more faithful to Jack London's 1903 classic than the two Hollywood versions." The New York Post claimed Ludlow's adaptation was the "best version yet of Jack London's classic story of survival." In contrast, TVGuide.com said: "The umpteenth dramatization of Jack London's primordial sled-dog novel has some intriguing casting choices, but doesn't do much to lead the pack."

DVD release.

The film has been released on DVD in Region 0, PAL format.

Call of the Wild: Dog of the Yukon is a 1997 movie. The screenplay by Graham Ludlow is based on Jack London's classic 1903 novel "The Call of the Wild", and is narrated by Richard Dreyfuss and stars Rutger Hauer.

Ruf der Wildnis ist ein kanadischer Abenteuerfilm aus dem Jahr 1997. Regie führte Peter Svatek. Das Drehbuch beruht auf dem gleichnamigen Roman von Jack London.


Plot.

Joel Reynolds is the owner and founder of Reynolds Extract, a flavoring-extracts company. Although his business is successful, his marriage lacks passion. He is also often accosted by his annoying neighbor, Nathan. One day, a series of mishaps occur at the extract factory, resulting in an employee, Step, losing a testicle. Cindy, a con artist, reads a news story about the accident. Hatching a get-rich-quick scheme, she gets a temporary job at the factory, manipulating Joel into giving her more information about Step. She also begins a series of petty thefts from her co-workers, who openly accuse each other of the thefts. Although Step initially decides not to sue the company, he changes his mind after a meeting with Cindy, which she sets up in order to meet and flirt with him. Under Cindy's influence, Step hires attorney Joe Adler.  Joel, mistaking Cindy's manipulations for genuine attraction to him, entertains the idea of an affair with her; however, he still loves his wife, and wants to avoid actions that would leave him with regrets later. While visiting his friend Dean and complaining about his situation, Dean suggests that Joel hire a gigolo to seduce his wife, so that Joel can then have a guilt-free "revenge" affair. Joel initially balks at the idea; but, after his judgment is impaired after ingesting a ketamine tablet that Dean mistakenly told him was Xanax, Joel agrees. The friends hire Brad to seduce his wife, Suzie, into an affair, while posing as the pool cleaner. The next morning, Joel sobers up, realizes what he has done, and tries to stop Brad from going to his house; by then, Brad and Suzie have already begun an affair. Brad falls in love with Suzie and wants to run away with her. After smoking marijuana with Dean and his friend Willie, Joel attempts to call Cindy, but soon realizes that he is calling Willie's number. Just then, Cindy walks into the apartment. Willie realizes that Joel is trying to get with Cindy, and punches Joel in the face.  Joel meets with Adler and his associates to discuss the terms of the settlement for Step. The workers, believing that the meeting is about a buy-out of the factory by General Mills, organize a strike. Frustrated by Adler's uncompromising negotiating style and the growing disrespect from his employees, Joel storms out and goes home—where Suzie admits her affair with Brad. Joel admits to Suzie that he hired Brad to do it, then leaves after arguing with his wife.  Joel moves into a motel, where he spots Cindy, staying in another room. When he goes to her room, he notices a purse stolen from one of his employees, along with other stolen items, and realizes that Cindy is not only a thief, but is also behind many of the company's problems. Joel threatens to call the police, but softens when Cindy breaks down in tears. Cindy promises to talk to Step and get him to drop the lawsuit. Ultimately, the two spend the night together. The next morning, Cindy disappears, but leaves the stolen items behind.  Step meets with Joel at the factory, where he offers to drop the lawsuit if Joel promotes him to floor manager. Meanwhile, Nathan stops by Joel's house, making Suzie lose her temper and finally tell him what she really thinks of him. Just as she finishes her tirade, he collapses and dies; feeling guilty, Suzie attends the funeral, where she runs into Joel. After an awkward moment, the two agree to share a ride. It is revealed that Cindy has stolen Adler's luxury car, leaving him Step's truck in its place.

Production.

Principal photography began on August 25, 2008 in Los Angeles. Shortly after completing "Office Space" (1999), director Mike Judge was already about 40 pages into his follow-up script, set in the world of an extract factory, when he was convinced by his representative team that he needed to shelve that and concentrate on something more commercial. "The only idea that I had that anyone was interested in was what eventually became "Idiocracy"," says Judge. Over the next several years he focused his energy on developing "Idiocracy". But years later, by the time of the film's release, audiences had decided that "Office Space" had struck a chord, and they were ready to see Judge return to on-the-job humor and thus the "Extract" script was given new life.  Seeking to keep "Extract" below the radar of the studio system, Judge and his producers set up a production company, Ternion Productions, and arranged private financing—while partnering with Miramax for domestic distribution of the film. Judge relied heavily on his own personal knowledge of the industrial world to bring the story to life. "I actually worked in a factory a little bit myself," the director stated. "I hopefully write stuff that is recognizable as the archetypes of this world." Keeping true to this baseline of reality, "Extract" was shot in a working factory, in this case a water bottling plant south of Los Angeles, in the City of Commerce. Judge took the authenticity one step further by using the plant's employees as extras in the scenes' backgrounds. "Those people were actually running, doing some bottling while we were shooting. There were people working on machines that were so loud in there they couldn’t hear anyone call 'action' or 'cut.' They were just doing their job." Shooting on the factory set led Judge to some epiphanies about what made the story resonate for him: ""Office Space" was told from the point of view of the employees looking up at management as the 'bad guys'. This is told from the point of view of the owner of the place and the workers are the big pain in the butt to him. I think partly it was inspired by that point in my life where I suddenly had a large number of people working for me and realizing you can’t be a 'cool guy boss'. It just doesn’t work. So this is my more sympathetic take on the boss."

Release.

Marketing.

Leading up to the film's release, Affleck went on a promotional tour of various cities, starting in Vancouver, Washington, on August 20, 2009, and ending in Los Angeles on September 14, 2009.  In an effort to promote the film, Judge released a promotional short which featured his characters Beavis and Butt-head who summarize, and critique, the events depicted in the film.

Home media.

"Extract" was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on December 22, 2009.

Reception.

Box office.

"Extract" made $4.3 million during its opening weekend and $7.1 million in its first week of release, with a total worldwide gross of 10.8 million, against a production budget of $8 million.

Critical response.

On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 62% based on 187 reviews, with an average rating of 5.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Extract" has some very funny moments and several fine performances, but the film feels slighter and more uneven than Mike Judge's previous work." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 61 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."  Dan Zak of "The Washington Post", called it "the most disappointing American comedy of the decade". On the other end of the spectrum, Michael Phillips of the "Chicago Tribune" called it "the funniest American comedy of the summer".

Extract is a 2009 American comedy film written and directed by Mike Judge, and starring an ensemble cast featuring Jason Bateman, Mila Kunis, Kristen Wiig, and Ben Affleck, with J. K. Simmons, Clifton Collins, Jr., and Dustin Milligan.

Ausgequetscht (Originaltitel: "Extract") ist eine US-amerikanische Filmkomödie von Regisseur Mike Judge aus dem Jahr 2009. Alternativtitel ist "Extract – Ausgequetscht".


History.

Crete had been raided by Muslim forces since the first wave of the Muslim conquests in the mid-7th century. It first experienced a raid in 654 and then another in 674/675, and parts of the island were temporarily occupied during the reign of the Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I (). However, the island at that time was not conquered and despite occasional raids in the 8th century, it remained securely in Byzantine hands; Crete was too far from the Arab naval bases in the Levant for an effective expedition to be undertaken against it.

Conquest of Crete.

At some point in the second half of the reign of Byzantine Emperor Michael II (), a group of Andalusian exiles landed on Crete and began its conquest. These exiles had a long nomadic history. Traditionally they have been described as the survivors of a failed revolt against the emir al-Hakam I of Córdoba in 818. In the aftermath of its suppression, the citizens of the Córdoban suburb of al-Rabad were exiled "en masse". Some settled in Fez in Morocco, but others, numbering over 10,000, took to piracy, probably joined by other Andalusians, landed in Alexandria and took control of the city until 827, when they were besieged and expelled by the Abbasid general Abdullah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani. As W. Kubiak points out, however, the supposed origin from Córdoba is contradicted by other sources, which record the presence of Andalusian corsairs in Alexandria as early as 798/9, and their takeover is dated to 814; furthermore, the Andalusians' leader, Umar ibn Hafs ibn Shuayb ibn Isa al-Balluti, commonly known as Abu Hafs, came from a locality (Fahs al-Ballut) that was far from Córdoba.  The exact chronology of the Andalusians' landing in Crete is uncertain. Following the Muslim sources, it is usually dated to 827 or 828, after the Andalusians' expulsion from Alexandria. Byzantine sources however seem to contradict this, placing their landing soon after the suppression of the large revolt of Thomas the Slav (821–823). Further considerations regarding the number and chronology of the Byzantine campaigns launched against the invaders and prosopographical questions of the Byzantine generals that headed them have led other scholars like Vassilios Christides and Christos Makrypoulias to propose an earlier date,. Under the terms of their agreement with Ibn Tahir, the Andalusians and their families left Alexandria in 40 ships. Historian Warren Treadgold estimates them at some 12,000 people, of whom about 3,000 would be fighting men. According to Byzantine historians, the Andalusians were already familiar with Crete, having raided it in the past. They also claim that the Muslim landing was initially intended as a raid, and was transformed into a bid for conquest when Abu Hafs himself set fire to their ships. However, as the Andalusian exiles had brought their families along, this is probably later invention. The Andalusians' landing-place is also unknown; some scholars think that it was at the north coast, at Suda Bay or near where their main city and fortress Chandax (, "rabḍ al-kḫandaq", "Castle of the Moat", modern Heraklion) was later built, but others think that they most likely landed on the south coast of the island and then moved to the more densely populated interior and the northern coast.  As soon as Emperor Michael II learned of the Arab landing, and before the Andalusians had secured their control over the entire island, he reacted and sent successive expeditions to recover the island. Losses suffered during the revolt of Thomas the Slav hampered Byzantium's ability to respond, however, and if the landing occurred in 827/828, the diversion of ships and men to counter the gradual conquest of Sicily by the Tunisian Aghlabids also interfered. The first expedition, under Photeinos, "strategos" of the Anatolic Theme, and Damian, Count of the Stable, was defeated in open battle, where Damian was killed. The next expedition was sent a year later and comprised 70 ships under the "strategos" of the Cibyrrhaeots Krateros. It was initially victorious, but the overconfident Byzantines were then routed in a night attack. Krateros managed to flee to Kos, but there he was captured by the Arabs and crucified. Makrypoulias suggests that these campaigns must have taken place before the Andalusians completed their construction of Chandax, where they transferred the capital from the inland site of Gortyn.

Pirate emirate.

Abu Hafs repulsed the early Byzantine attacks and slowly consolidated control of the entire island. He recognized the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate, but he ruled as a "de facto" independent prince. The conquest of the island was of major importance as it transformed the naval balance of power in the Eastern Mediterranean and opened the hitherto secure Aegean Sea littoral to frequent and devastating raids.  The Andalusians also occupied several of the Cyclades during these early years, but Michael II organized another large-scale expedition, recruiting an entire new marine corps, the "Tessarakontarioi", and building new ships. Under the admiral Ooryphas, this fleet managed to evict the Arabs from the Aegean islands but failed to retake Crete. Michael II's successor Theophilos () sent an embassy to Abd ar-Rahman II of Córdoba proposing a joint action against the Andalusian exiles, but beyond Abd ar-Rahman giving his assent to any Byzantine action against Crete, this came to nothing. In October 829, those Arabs destroyed an imperial fleet off Thasos, undoing much of the work of Ooryphas and opening the Aegean and its coasts to pillage. Later they attacked Euboea (), Lesbos (837), and the coasts of the Thracesian Theme, where they destroyed the monastic centre of Mount Latros. They were heavily defeated, however, by the local "strategos", Constantine Kontomytes.  After the death of Theophilos in 842, new measures to confront the Cretan threat were undertaken by the new Byzantine regime: in 843 a new maritime theme, that of the Aegean Sea, was established to better deal with the Arab raids, and another expedition to recover Crete was launched under the personal leadership of the powerful "logothetes" and regent Theoktistos. Although it succeeded in occupying much of the island, Theoktistos had to abandon the army due to political intrigues in Constantinople, and the troops left behind were slaughtered by the Arabs. In an effort to weaken the Arabs in 853, several Byzantine fleets engaged in coordinated operations in the Eastern Mediterranean, attacking the Egyptian naval base of Damietta and capturing weapons intended for Crete. Despite some Byzantine successes against the Arabs in the following years, the Cretans resumed their raids in the early 860s, attacking the Peloponnese, the Cyclades, and Athos. In 866, the Byzantine "Caesar" Bardas assembled another large-scale expeditionary force to subdue Crete, but his murder by Basil the Macedonian only two weeks after the fleet set sail from the capital spelled the end of the undertaking.  In the early 870s, the Cretan raids reached a new intensity: their fleets, often commanded by Byzantine renegades, ranged the Aegean and further afield, reaching the Dalmatian coasts. On one occasion a Cretan fleet under the renegade Photios even penetrated into the Marmara Sea and unsuccessfully attacked Proconnesos, the first time since the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople in 717–718 that a Muslim fleet had come so close to the Byzantine capital. On its return, however, it suffered a heavy defeat at the hands of the new Byzantine admiral, Niketas Ooryphas, at the Battle of Kardia. Shortly after, Ooryphas once again defeated the Cretans at the Gulf of Corinth and took many prisoners, whom he tortured extensively in revenge for their raids. At about the same time, the Muslim fleet of Tarsus led by Yazaman al-Khadim was destroyed in a raid against Euripos. These Byzantine victories apparently led to a temporary truce, and it appears that the Cretan emir Saïpes (Shu'ayb ibn Umar) was obliged to pay tribute to Byzantium for about a decade.  Raids resumed soon after, in which the Cretans were joined by North African and Syrian fleets. The Peloponnese in particular suffered considerably from their raids, but also Euboea and the Cyclades: the islands of Patmos, Karpathos and nearby Sokastro came under Cretan control, and Cretan rule extended as far north as Aegina in the Saronic Gulf, and to Elafonisos and Cythera off the southern coast of the Peloponnese; the great Cycladic island of Naxos, probably along with the neighbouring islands of Paros and Ios, was forced to pay them the poll-tax ("jizya"). As the Muslim presence left generally few material or literary traces, the list of islands at one time controlled or occupied by them could well be longer. Nevertheless, the impact of this new wave of Arab raids was felt across the Aegean, where some islands were deserted altogether, and elsewhere coastal sites were abandoned for better protected inland locations. Athens may have been occupied in, and in 904, a Syrian fleet led by Leo of Tripoli sacked the Byzantine Empire's second city, Thessalonica. The Arabs of Crete co-operated closely with their Syrian counterparts, who often used Crete as a base or a stop-over, as during the return of Leo of Tripoli's fleet from Thessalonica, when many of the over 20,000 Thessalonian captives were sold or gifted as slaves in Crete. Likewise, the Cretan emirate received strong support from the Tulunid governors of Egypt (868–905), but their Ikhshidid successors neglected aid to Crete. In 911, another large-scale Byzantine expedition of well over 100 ships was launched against Crete, headed by the admiral Himerios, but it was forced to leave the island after a few months. On its return journey, Himerios' fleet was destroyed in battle off Chios by the Syrian fleet.

Byzantine reconquest.

Cretan piracy reached another high in the 930s and 940s, devastating southern Greece, Athos, and the western coasts of Asia Minor. As a result, Emperor Constantine VII () sent another expedition in 949. This too was routed in a surprise attack, a defeat which Byzantine chroniclers ascribe to the incompetence and inexperience of its leader, the eunuch chamberlain Constantine Gongyles. Constantine VII did not give up, and during the last years of his reign he began preparing another expedition. It would be carried out under his successor, Romanos II (), who entrusted its leadership to the capable general Nikephoros Phokas. At the head of a huge fleet and army, Phokas sailed in June or July 960, landed on the island, and defeated the initial Muslim resistance. A long siege of Chandax followed, which dragged over the winter into 961, when the city was stormed on 6 March.  The city was pillaged, and its mosques and walls were torn down. Muslim inhabitants were either killed or carried off into slavery, while the island's last emir Abd al-Aziz ibn Shu'ayb (Kouroupas) and his son al-Numan (Anemas) were taken captive and brought to Constantinople, where Phokas celebrated a triumph. The island was converted into a Byzantine theme, and the remaining Muslims were converted to Christianity by missionaries like Nikon "the Metanoeite". Among the converts was the prince Anemas, who entered Byzantine service and fell at Dorostolon, in the war of 970–971 against the Rus'.

Legacy.

This early Muslim period of Crete remains relatively obscure due to a paucity of surviving evidence regarding its internal history. Furthermore, other than a few place names recalling the presence of the Arabs, no major archaeological remains from the period survive, possibly due to deliberate Byzantine destruction after 961. This has influenced the way the emirate is generally regarded: scholars, forced to rely mostly on Byzantine accounts, have traditionally viewed the Emirate of Crete through a Byzantine lens as a quintessential "corsair's nest", surviving on piracy and the slave trade.  The picture painted by the few and scattered references to the Cretan emirate from the Muslim world, on the other hand, is of an ordered state with a regular monetary economy and extensive trade links, and there is evidence that Chandax was a cultural centre of some importance. The survival of numerous gold, silver, and copper coins, of almost constant weight and composition, testifies to a strong economy and a high living standard among the population. The economy was strengthened by extensive trade with the rest of the Muslim world, especially with Egypt, and by a booming agriculture: the need to sustain an independent state, as well as access to the markets of the Muslim world, led to an intensification of cultivation. It is also possible that sugar cane was introduced to Crete at the time.  It is unclear what happened to the island's Christians after the Muslim conquest; the traditional view is that most were either converted or expelled. There is evidence from Muslim sources, however, for the continued survival of Christians on Crete, as a subject class, as in other Muslim conquests, although according to the same sources the Muslims, whether descendants of the Andalusians, more recent migrants, or converts (or any combination of these) formed the majority. There is also evidence of rival classes on the island as when Theodosius the Deacon reports that the rural Cretans, not rulers of the land but inhabitants of crags and caves, descended from the mountains under their leader Karamountes during the siege of Chandax by Nikephoros Phokas to assist the besieged. It seems that the Byzantine Christian population of the countryside was left relatively alone, while the Muslim element (including native converts) predominated in the cities.

List of emirs.

The succession of the emirs of Crete has been established by Arab and Byzantine sources, but chiefly through their coinage. The dates of their reigns are therefore largely approximate:

The Emirate of Crete () was a Muslim state that existed on the Mediterranean island of Crete from the late 820s to the reconquest of the island by the Byzantine Empire in 961. Although the emirate recognized the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate and maintained close ties with Tulunid Egypt, it was "de facto" independent.

Das Emirat von Kreta war ein islamischer Staat auf der Insel Kreta, der von den 820er Jahren bis zur byzantinischen Rückeroberung der Insel 961 bestand.


Description and design.

The "Halifax"-class frigate design of which "Halifax" belongs, was ordered by the Canadian Forces in 1977 as a replacement for the aging,,, and es of destroyer escorts, which were all tasked with anti-submarine warfare. In July 1983, the federal government approved the budget for the design and construction of the first batch of six new frigates of which "Halifax" was a part, out of twelve that were eventually built. To reflect the changing long term strategy of the Navy during the 1980s and 1990s, the "Halifax"-class frigates was designed as a general purpose warship with particular focus on anti-submarine capabilities.  As built, the "Halifax"-class vessels displaced and were long overall and between perpendiculars with a beam of and a draught of. That made them slightly larger than the "Iroquois"-class destroyers. The vessels are propelled by two shafts with Escher Wyss controllable pitch propellers driven by a CODOG system of two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines, generating and one SEMT Pielstick 20 PA6 V 280 diesel engine, generating.  This gives the frigates a maximum speed of and a range of at while using their diesel engines. Using their gas turbines, the ships have a range of at. The "Halifax" class have a complement of 198 naval personnel of which 17 are officers and 17 aircrew of which 8 are officers.

Armament and aircraft.

As built the "Halifax"-class vessels deployed the CH-124 Sea King helicopter, which acted in concert with shipboard sensors to seek out and destroy submarines at long distances from the ships. The ships have a helicopter deck fitted with a "bear trap" system allowing the launch and recovery of helicopters in up to sea state 6. The "Halifax" class also carries a close-in anti-submarine weapon in the form of the Mark 46 torpedo, launched from twin Mark 32 Mod 9 torpedo tubes in launcher compartments either side of the forward end of the helicopter hangar.  As built, the anti-shipping role is supported by the RGM-84 Harpoon Block 1C surface-to-surface missile, mounted in two quadruple launch tubes at the main deck level between the funnel and the helicopter hangar. For anti-aircraft self-defence the ships are armed with the Sea Sparrow vertical launch surface-to-air missile in two Mk 48 Mod 0 eight-cell launchers placed to port and starboard of the funnel. The vessels carry 16 missiles. A Raytheon/General Dynamics Phalanx Mark 15 Mod 21 Close-In Weapon System (CIWS) is mounted on top of the helicopter hangar for "last-ditch" defence against targets that evade the Sea Sparrow.  As built, the main gun on the forecastle is a /70 calibre Mark 2 gun from Bofors. The gun is capable of firing shells at a rate of 220 rounds per minute at a range of more than.

Countermeasures and sensors.

As built, the decoy system comprises two BAE Systems Shield Mark 2 decoy launchers which fire chaff to and infrared rockets to in distraction, confusion and centroid seduction modes. The torpedo decoy is the AN/SLQ-25A Nixie towed acoustic decoy from Argon ST. The ship's radar warning receiver, the CANEWS (Canadian Electronic Warfare System), SLQ-501, and the radar jammer, SLQ-505, were developed by Thorn and Lockheed Martin Canada.  Two Thales Nederland (formerly Signaal) SPG-503 (STIR 1.8) fire control radars are installed one on the roof of the bridge and one on the raised radar platform immediately forward of the helicopter hangar. The ship is also fitted with Raytheon AN/SPS-49(V)5 long-range active air search radar operating at C and D bands, Ericsson HC150 Sea Giraffe medium-range air and surface search radar operating at G and H bands, and Kelvin Hughes Type 1007 I-band navigation radar. The sonar suite includes the CANTASS Canadian Towed Array and GD-C AN/SQS-510 hull mounted sonar and incorporates an acoustic range prediction system. The sonobuoy processing system is the GD-C AN/UYS-503.

Modernization.

The "Halifax" class underwent a modernization program, known as the Halifax Class Modernization (HCM) program, in order to update the frigates' capabilities in combatting modern smaller, faster and more mobile threats. This involved upgrading the command and control, radar, communications, electronic warfare and armament systems. Further improvements, such as modifying the vessel to accommodate the new Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone helicopter and satellite links will be done separately from the main Frigate Equipment Life Extension (FELEX) program.  The FELEX program comprised upgrading the combat systems integration to CMS330. The SPS-49 2D long range air search radar was replaced by the Thales Nederland SMART-S Mk 2 E/F-band 3D surveillance radar, and the two STIR 1.8 fire control radars wre replaced by a pair of Saab Ceros 200 re-control radars. A Telephonics IFF Mode 5/S interrogator was installed and the Elisra NS9003A-V2HC ESM system replaced the SLQ-501 CANEWS. An IBM multi-link (Link 11, Link 16 and Link 22 enabled) datalink processing system was installed along with two Raytheon Anschütz Pathfinder Mk II navigation radars. Furthermore, Rheinmetall's Multi-Ammunition Soft kill System (MASS), known as MASS DUERAS was introduced to replace the Plessey Shield decoy system. The existing 57 mm Mk 2 guns were upgraded to the Mk 3 standard and the Harpoon missiles were improved to Block II levels, the Phalanx was upgraded to Block 1B and the obsolete Sea Sparrow system was replaced by the Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile.

Service.

The frigate's keel was laid down on 19 March 1987 by Saint John Shipbuilding Ltd. at Saint John, New Brunswick. The first warship constructed in Canada since 1971, the vessel was launched on 30 April 1988. The ship was provisionally accepted by the Canadian Forces in June 1991. This was followed by a year of sea trials, which after a series of issues that arose during the trials led to modifications in later vessels of the design. The ship was commissioned into the Canadian Forces on 29 June 1992.  On 2 April 1994, "Halifax" sailed to relieve the destroyer as Canada's contribution to the naval blockade of Yugoslavia in the Adriatic Sea. While in transit to Adriatic, one of the ship's diesel engines broke down and the frigate was forced to continue on gas turbines only. "Halifax"s tour ended when the ship returned to CFB Halifax on 9 September. In early 1995, the frigate sailed to Europe and made several port visits in connection with the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe. "Halifax" then took part in the NATO naval exercise "Linked Seas" off Portugal, returning to Halifax in June.  On 18 March 1996, "Halifax" departed for the Adriatic for a second tour with the embargo force, operating as flagship of the group for part of the ship's deployment. In 1998, the frigate took part in the NATO naval exercise "Strong Resolve" off Norway and assisted in the recovery operation following the crash of Swissair Flight 111. In 2000, "Halifax" deployed with NATO's STANAVFORLANT fleet between 26 July and 15 December.  "Halifax" departed Halifax on 15 August 2001 to join STANAVFORLANT. However, on 8 October 2001 the ship was diverted for combat operations in the Indian Ocean following the September 11 attacks on the United States. The frigate was the first Canadian ship on station and was deployed in the north Arabian Sea, integrated into the carrier battle group. "Halifax" was replaced by sister ship in December. The ship returned to Halifax on 11 February 2002.  On 13 January 2010, as part of Operation Hestia, it was announced that "Halifax" would be deployed to the waters around Haiti to assist in relief efforts after the January 2010 earthquake, along with the destroyer. Specifically "Halifax" was to be deployed outside the area of Jacmel, which was slow to receive aid due to the fact the roads were cut off and the airport was too small to handle large aircraft. The frigate arrived off Jacmel on 18 January. "Halifax" provided air traffic control for Jacmel Airport on the ship. The ship departed Haiti's waters on 19 February. On 4 September 2010, "Halifax" was turned over to Irving Shipbuilding's Halifax Shipyards, to start an 18-month mid-life upgrading and modernization.  "Halifax" participated in the acceptance trials of the new CH-148 Cyclone helicopters acquired for the Royal Canadian Navy. In September 2015, "Halifax", along with "Athabaskan", were deployed for two large NATO training missions, "Joint Warrior" and "Trident Juncture". "Halifax" underwent a year-long refit at Halifax Shipyard beginning in 2016. The vessel returned to service on 27 September 2017. In October 2018, "Halifax" was among the Canadian ships sent to participate in the large NATO exercise Trident Juncture in the North Atlantic and Baltic Seas. On 26 October 2018, a minor fire began in the starboard gas turbine in the forward engine room of "Halifax". The fire was extinguished quickly and the frigate continued on her deployment.  On 6 July 2019, "Halifax" sailed for the Mediterranean Sea to join Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG2) as part of Operation Reassurance. Once the frigate joins SNMG2, "Halifax" will become flagship of the unit. However, within 24 hours of the frigate's departure, "Halifax" returned to port after an oil leak was discovered in one of the engine rooms. The vessel's departure for the Mediterranean was delayed. The oil leak was repaired and "Halifax" sailed for the Mediterranean, where the frigate spent six months. The vessel returned to Canada on 24 January 2020.

HMCS "Halifax" (FFH 330) is a that has served in the Royal Canadian Navy and Canadian Forces since 1992. "Halifax" is the lead ship in her class which is the name for the Canadian Patrol Frigate Project. She is the second vessel to carry the designation. She carries the hull classification symbol FFH 330.

Die HMCS Halifax (FFH 330) ist eine Fregatte der "Halifax-Klasse" der kanadischen Marine. Sie ist nach der kanadischen Stadt Halifax benannt.


History.

The southern portion of Echague separated by Cagayan River was created into a municipality named Jones in honor of an American Legislator, William Atkinson Jones, who authored the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, and was inaugurated on January 1, 1921. It was originally composed of 21 barrios of virgin forest and wide fertile plains with Cabanuangan as the seat of the Municipal Government.  The house of one Tirso Mateo served as the first town hall with the following as the first municipal officials; President;Don Antonio Vallejo, Vice President; Benito Tiburcio, Secretary; Francisco Gumpal; Treasurer Pio Tomines; Justice of Peace Daniel Apostol; Zoilo Gadingan, Chief of Police; and Modesto Payuyo, Antonio Pintang, Gregorio Santos, Dionicio Cristobal, Valentin Torio; and Damaso Leano as Councilors.  The first proposed town site of Jones was in Barangay Daligan, but due to the insistence of the Municipal President Don. Antonio Vallejo who voluntarily donated two hectares of land for the municipal hall and public market site, he also later donated the vast fertile land area of Jones Rural School and Jones North Central School hence the present site of Barangay I and II.  Transportation was then a big problem as there were no good roads, the barrios being only connected by narrow roads and trails suited for hiking, for horse and carabao and for sled and cart. During rainy days, these roads and trails easily turned into knee-deep mud fit only for wallowing carabaos. The principal means of transportation was the Cagayan River passing almost all the barrios, using raft and boats. It was only after about eight years of existence that more vehicles applied between Jones and Echague.  The vast virgin forest and fertile soil of the place was pioneered by enterprising Ilocanos from the Ilocos Province, particularly from Ilocos Norte and some Yogads who are natives of Cagayan Valley. Other ethnic groups followed like the Ibanags and some Tagalogs from Central Luzon.  The Aglipayan Church (Philippine Independent Catholic Church) was the first established church. There were very few primary schools, all hinged to an intermediate school called Jones Farm School at the Poblacion. The early inhabitants concentrated on agriculture with tobacco and corn as the chief crop. Revenue principally came from the real property tax, cedula and sled tax. The town was greatly dependent on national aid.  The town holds a special place in the history of Isabela. When the Japanese Imperial Army invaded the Philippines in 1914, JONES was a shelter for the National and Provincial officials and evacuees from other places up to 1942.  The town likewise became the provincial seat of the Provincial Government during the wartorn years from 1941 to 1942. It was subsequently occupied by the Japanese forces but it continued to be a stronghold of Filipino and American Guerillas led by the brave soldiers under the command of the Brigadier General Guillermo Nakar.  On 1945, Filipino troops of the 2nd, USAFFE 11th, 12th and 13th Infantry Division and the USAFIP-NL 11th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the 1st Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was liberated and recaptured the entering towns in Jones, Isabela and helping recognized guerrilla units and defeated and attacking Japanese Imperial Army forces and ended in World War II.  Jones is the home of Silvino M. Gumpal, who ably led the Province as Provincial Governor from 1946 to 1951 and who represented Isabela in Congress from 1934 to 1935.  In 1959, the name of barrio Mangaratungat was changed to San Vicente.  Jones has two new steel bridges worth P300M.

Barangays.

Jones is politically subdivided into 42 barangays. Barangay Dicamay 2 is situated in the forest region, 35 kilometres away from Jones poblacion. There are more or less 700 family heads of inhabitants in the barangay and they are classified into four ethnic groups which are the Ilokos, Ifugaos, Igorots and Gaddangs. Agricultural products such as corn, cassava, banana and rice are the source of income of the Dicamay people.  Sibsib falls is the known tourist spot in Dicamay 2 which is 4 km from the barangay proper. It is a great place for bonding. Many visitors from other towns and barangays enjoy the beauty and freshness of air and water in the falls.  Dicamay people also celebrates the Banana “Saba” festival in the month of May. In this month people choose a day where they gather to the Barangay center for celebration, “Thanksgiving mass” is held in the morning and other activities in the evening where each purok/zone members shall have presentations for people enjoyment.

Demographics.

In the, the population of Jones, Isabela, was people, with a density of.  There was originally a population of Agta living in the vicinity of Jones, along the Dicamay River. The Agta are one of the many groups known as 'Negritos' and who are descended from the pre-Austronesian population of the islands. The Dicamay Agta, who combined hunter-gathering with swidden agriculture, have been severely impacted by the influx of other ethnic groups to take up farming land in the area, resulting in there being no Agta living in the area today. There are numerous reports of the Agta having been driven off their lands, and in some cases of having been killed by immigrant groups of farmers.

Economy.

Jones is primarily an agricultural municipality best suited for the intensive production of rice and corn as evidence by its topographic map which shows that 73% of the agricultural area of 16,848 hectares is under 0-3 slope category.

Culture.

Pinilisa Festival  The “Pinilisa Festival” is an acknowledgment of all Jonesian and celebrated every 17th day of March for the bountiful harvest of rice Pinilisa product, a unique organic plum colored rice known not only in the region but as well as on other country, due to its unique fragrant and unique flavor compared to other ordinary rice. Unlike other varieties that rely on synthetic commercial fertilizer to grow healthy, it is rare breed of rice thrives only rainwater and natural features to make it a favorite food for consumers.<  The success of the first Pinilisa Festival was conceptualized by the initiative of the administration of Florante A. Raspado, he was the first Director-General of the Pinilisa Festival. The festival was easily produced and marked the history of the town of Jones and one among the line-up of the Department of Tourism Wow! Philippines Program, making Pinilisa Festival is recognized not only in the Philippines but as well as on the world. The famous product “Pinilsa Rice” of Jones has given birth to the now famous Pinilisa Festival of Jones and is now identified and included in the list and calendar of the famous festival in the country maintained and documented by the Department of Tourism. Tourism Regional Director Blessida G. Diwa is among the patrons of the Pinilisa Festival, showing consistent support for the promotion of the Festival.

Transportation.

The municipality is 354 kilometres north from Metro Manila and about 116 kilometres from Ilagan City, the province's capital, 45 kilometres from Santiago, Isabela and 35 kilometers from junction at Barangay Ipil in the municipality of Echague.  GV Florida Transport is the one of the biggest bus transportation in Northern Philippines particularly Cagayan Valley was currently serving the town & that serves Executive Deluxe Buses (with restroom) - (Jones, Isabela - Sampaloc, Manila via TPLEX  Accessible with UV Express Vans from Santiago to San Agustin.

', officially the ', is a in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

Jones (Filipino: "Bayan ng Jones") ist eine philippinische Stadtgemeinde in der Provinz Isabela, Verwaltungsregion II, Cagayan Valley. Sie hat Einwohner (Zensus ), die in 42 Barangays lebten. Sie wird als Gemeinde der ersten Einkommensklasse auf den Philippinen und als teilweise urbanisiert eingestuft.


Premise.

City Protective Services (CPS) law enforcement officer Kiera Cameron lives with her husband and son in 2077-era Vancouver under the corporatocratic and oligarchic dystopia of the North American Union and its Corporate Congress, a technologically advanced high-surveillance police state. When a group of self-proclaimed freedom fighters known as Liber8 escape execution by fleeing to the year 2012, Kiera is involuntarily transported with them. Joining with Detective Carlos Fonnegra of the Vancouver Police Department and enlisting the help of teen computer genius—and future corporate oligarch—Alec Sadler, Kiera works to track down and thwart Edouard Kagame and his followers in the present day while concealing her identity as a time-traveller from the future, and tries to find a way to return home to her family.

Prelude.

Episodes from the first season and the second begin with the plot of the show narrated via a voice-over from the point of view of Kiera Cameron.  Starting with the third season, the narration was replaced by a new sequence that contains a computer-animated version of the time travel device, scenes from previous seasons, and cast credits, before finishing with Kiera Cameron (Rachel Nichols) holding the device, followed by the title card.

Episodes.

The first season has 10 episodes. On August 25, 2012, Showcase renewed "Continuum" for a second season of 13 episodes which premièred on April 21, 2013 (Showcase) in Canada, May 23, 2013 (Syfy) in the UK and on June 7, 2013 (Syfy) in the US. On June 5, 2013, "Continuum" was officially renewed for a third season which premièred on March 16, 2014 on Showcase in Canada and April 4, 2014 on Syfy in the US.  During an interview in May 2014, Simon Barry revealed that he had 7 to 10 seasons in mind for "Continuum". Showcase announced on December 8, 2014 that "Continuum" had been renewed for a fourth and final season of six episodes, which began airing September 4, 2015 on Showcase in Canada, and on September 11, 2015 on Syfy in the US. The series concluded on October 9, 2015.

Production.

Development.

Series creator Simon Barry explains how the show was picked up by Showcase:

Broadcast.

The series premiered in Canada on May 27, 2012, with Season 1 consisting of ten episodes; and concluded on October 9, 2015, after forty-two episodes.  In French Canada, it debuted on addikTV on November 6, 2013.  It premiered in the UK on September 27, 2012, on Syfy (UK), with season 2 returning on May 23, 2013, and season 3 on January 28, 2015.  The series premiered in the U.S. on January 14, 2013, on Syfy, with season 2 premiering on June 7, 2013, season 3 on April 4, 2014 and season 4 on September 11, 2015.  The series premiered in Australia on SF on February 21, 2013, and returned for season 2 on October 3, 2013. Season 3 premiered on Syfy (Australia) (the replacement to the now defunct SF) on May 5, 2014.

Cancellation.

The show was cancelled mid-story, but was allowed to make a further six episodes in a fourth season to come to a conclusion. Because of the reduced number of episodes, the final season focused primarily on Kiera, Alec, Carlos and Kellog. Emily, Julian and the Traveler were originally all supposed to get larger stories, but their threads had to be dropped. The Traveler, who had a build-up in season three, was meant to be used as a way to branch out and expand the show's mythology by exploring his background in detail and how he was connected to everything. There were also talks about doing an entire season about the members of Liber8 and their individual backstories.  Simon Barry has also expressed interest in continuing the Continuum universe and mythology in other mediums if possible, as there were "some great ideas that never made it to the screen" due to the cancellation; for instance, he would love to follow Kellog's story after the final episode as a book or graphic novel. He also says he would love to see fans exploring the universe and characters in the form of fan fiction.

Reception.

Critical response.

The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an 80% approval rating for the first season, with an average rating of 7.2/10 based on 10 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Continuum blends time-tested genre ingredients to deliver a sci-fi crime drama that's solidly entertaining despite its overall familiarity." Reviewer Neil Genzlinger of "The New York Times" described the series as "slick" and highlighted its attention to detail. Reviewer David Hinckley of the New York "Daily News" compared "Continuum" positively to "Life on Mars", another series with a time travelling police officer, and gave the show three stars out of five. According to Hinckley, the series has potential to do well, and if it "doesn't aim to soar, it executes the basics well".

Awards.

On January 15, 2013, the day after the U.S. launch, the Canadian Screen Awards nominated "Continuum" for 5 Screenies: Best Drama Series, Writing, Direction, Music and Visual Effects. It won in the latter category. The show received a record 16 Leo Award nominations.

Other media.

Zeros 2 Heroes Media Inc. has created an alternate reality game website, "Continuum the Game".  The game site also includes a Comics section, featuring "Continuum: The War Files", which is an eight part graphic novel that tells of the war going on in 2065, between the Corporations and Liber8. The comic was available only in Canada.  Rittenhouse released a trading card set based on the show in June 2014.

Continuum is a Canadian science fiction series created by Simon Barry that premiered on Showcase on May 27, 2012, and ran for four seasons. It was produced by Reunion Pictures, Boy Meets Girl Film Company, and Shaw Media. The plot centres around the conflict between a group of terrorists from the year 2077 who time travel to Vancouver, British Columbia in 2012 and a police officer who unintentionally accompanies them. In spite of being many years early, the terrorist group decides to continue its violent campaign to stop corporations of the future from replacing governments, while the police officer endeavours to stop them without revealing to everyone that she and the terrorists are from the future.

Continuum ist eine kanadische Science-Fiction-Serie von Simon Barry, welche ab 2012 produziert wurde und am 9. Oktober 2015 mit der Ausstrahlung der 42. Episode in Kanada endete. Die Premiere in Kanada erfolgte am 27. Mai 2012 auf dem kanadischen Sender Showcase, während die deutschsprachige Erstausstrahlung am 13. Februar 2013 bei RTL Crime begann.


Biography.

Born Roberta Frances Horowitz in Santa Monica, California on April 22, 1937, Fiedler attended area public schools. Studies continued at Santa Monica Technical School (1955–1957) and Santa Monica City College (1955–1959).  Fiedler formed her political identity at Encino's Lanai Road Elementary School, where she mobilized other mothers to protest court-ordered desegregation busing. Fiedler formed an organization called Bustop in 1976, and the organization grew to 30,000 members in weeks. Fiedler's role in the grass-roots group helped propel her to public office, as she won a surprising upset in 1977 against Los Angeles school board president Robert Docter, who favored desegregation busing. While serving on the Los Angeles (City) Board of Education, Fiedler and fellow board member Roberta Weintraub were fierce opponents of desegregation busing.

Career.

In 1980, Fiedler ran as a Republican (GOP) for Congress against Democrat James C. Corman, who had served 20 years in Congress. Fiedler was an underdog, running against Corman in a district that was 62% Democratic, and with the incumbent next in line to be chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. But in a year in which Reagan's coattails drew large numbers of Democratic voters to the GOP, the National Republican Congressional Committee targeted Corman, hoping not to defeat him, but to embarrass him. Desegregation busing was the central issue in the election between Fiedler and Corman. "Time" magazine reported on the campaign as follows: "Again the issue is local: busing that was ordered by the California Supreme Court in 1977 to desegregate public schools in Los Angeles County.  Corman's campaign manager, Clint Reilly, later recalled that his candidate's position on racial integration drew heavy fire from Fiedler, whom he described as "the leader of LA's anti-busing movement." Reilly noted that the Republican Party raised more than a million dollars for Fiedler, and "the campaign was waged in the racially charged atmosphere of the San Fernando Valley." After a fierce campaign in which Corman was often picketed by anti-integration activists, the candidates entered election day in a dead heat in the polls, and Corman lost to Fiedler by 750 votes out of 200,000 cast.  Fiedler was one of several Jewish woman who has been elected to Congress from California; she was followed in 1982 by Barbara Boxer and in 1992 by Jane Harman. (The first woman elected from California was Florence Prag Kahn of San Francisco in 1924.) Fiedler considered herself an independent Republican, breaking with her party over her support for abortion rights and the Equal Rights Amendment.  After her narrow victory in 1980, Fiedler was re-elected in 1982, defeating Democrat George Henry Margolis 71.8% to 24.1%. She won in another landslide in 1984, defeating Charlie Davis 72.3% to 25.9%.

U.S. Senate campaign.

In 1986, Fiedler did not run for re-election to the House of Representatives, opting instead to make what proved to be an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination to challenge three-term Democratic incumbent Alan Cranston for his United States Senate seat.  She was charged with political corruption in January 1986 after an undercover investigation allegedly showed that Fiedler offered $100,000 to a rival, State Senator Ed Davis (R), if he would withdraw from the Republican senatorial primary. The charges were dismissed by Judge Robert Altman before the matter went to trial. Despite the dismissal of the charges in February 1986, Fiedler garnered only 7.2% of the vote in the Republican primary.  Fiedler died in Northridge, California on March 3, 2019.

Roberta Frances "Bobbi" Fiedler (née Horowitz; April 22, 1937 – March 3, 2019) was a Republican U.S. Representative from California.

Bobbi Fiedler (* 22. April 1937 in Santa Monica, Kalifornien; † 3. März 2019) war eine US-amerikanische Politikerin. Zwischen 1981 und 1987 vertrat sie den Bundesstaat Kalifornien im US-Repräsentantenhaus.


Description.

The natural monument is centered on the mountain of salt mines () in the barangay of the same name in Bambang municipality near the confluence of Magat River and Santa Cruz River in the Upper Magat River Basin. This once snow-white mountain of travertine situated on the southeastern slopes of the Cordillera Central contains the Salinas Salt Springs, a popular attraction in the province during the early days of Spanish and American colonial periods. The mountain of salt was formed through the continuous flow of a natural spring containing sulfate and carbonate salts over millions of years. When the 1990 Luzon earthquake hit the area, tectonic movements caused the underground water to be diverted leaving the whitish mounds dry and causing them to turn gray. At present, this mountain at Sitio Bansing once known for its salt industry is being utilized as fishponds arranged in terraces on the mountainside for freshwater fish such as "tilapia" and African sharptooth catfish, including the giant freshwater prawn.  The surrounding forest inhabited by numerous Philippine deers spreads over the villages of Salinas and Barat in Bambang, Mapayao, Acacia and San Fabian in Kayapa, and Baan in Aritao just north of Caraballo Sur. It is located approximately south of the region's commercial center of Santiago and some from the Cauayan Airport. It is accessible via a road from the Pan-Philippine Highway (AH26) in Bambang.  On June 22, 2018, the Salinas Natural Monument was designated a national park through the Expanded National Integrated Protected Areas System (ENIPAS) Act or Republic Act No. 11038 which was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte.

The Salinas Natural Monument is a natural monument comprising saline springs and forested mountains in southern Cagayan Valley in the Philippines. It is one of four protected areas in the landlocked province of Nueva Vizcaya spanning an area of in the municipalities of Bambang, Kayapa and Aritao. The park was established on 18 May 1914 as the Salinas Forest Reserve covering the Salinas Salt Springs and surrounding forest through Executive Order No. 44 signed by Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison. In 1926, through amendments made in Proclamation No. 53 by Governor-General Leonard Wood, the forest reserve was re-established as the Salinas Deer Refuge. Salinas was finally declared a natural monument in 2000 under the National Integrated Protected Areas System through Proclamation No. 275 by President Joseph Estrada.

Das Salinas Natural Monument liegt in der Provinz Nueva Vizcaya auf der Insel Luzon in den Philippinen. Das Naturschutzgebiet wurde am 23. April 2000 auf einer Fläche von 6.675 Hektar auf dem Gebiet der Großraumgemeinden Bambang, Kayapa, Aritao etabliert. Das Naturschutzgebiet liegt im Südwesten der Cordillera Central.