English.

English is an example of a language with no general imperfective. The English progressive is used to describe ongoing events, but can still be used in past tense, such as "The rain was beating down". Habitual situations do not have their own verb form (in most dialects), but the construction "used to" conveys past habitual action, as in "I used to ski". Unlike in languages with a general imperfective, in English the simple past tense can be used for situations presented as ongoing, such as "The rain beat down continuously through the night".  A contrast between the progressive and imperfective is seen with stative verbs. In English, stative verbs, such as "know", do not use the progressive ("*I was knowing French" is ungrammatical), while in languages with an imperfective (for instance, French), stative verbs frequently appear in the imperfective.  African American Vernacular English does have an imperfective aspect for present tense formed by adding "be" before the present continuous of a verb, such as "he be working", or "they be eating". This is however, considered non-standard in formal conversation.

Other languages.

Verbs in Slavic languages have a perfective and/or an imperfective form. Generally, any of various prefixes can turn imperfectives into perfectives; suffixes can turn perfectives into imperfectives. The non-past imperfective form is used for the present, while its perfective counterpart is used for the future. There is also a periphrastic imperfective future construction.  The imperfective aspect may be fused with the past tense, for a form traditionally called the imperfect. In some cases, such as Spanish, Portuguese and Modern Greek, this is because the imperfective aspect occurs only in the past tense; others, such as Georgian and Bulgarian, have both general imperfectives and imperfects. Other languages with distinct past imperfectives include Latin and Persian.

Perfective.

The opposite aspect is the "perfective" (in Ancient Greek, generally called the "aorist"), which views a situation as a simple whole, "without" interior composition. (This is not the same as the "perfect".) Unlike most other tense–aspect category oppositions, it is typical for a language not to choose either perfective or imperfective as being generally marked and the other as being generally unmarked.  In narrative, one of the uses of the imperfective is to set the background scene ("It was midnight. The room was dark. The rain was beating down. Water was streaming in through a broken window. A gun lay on the table."), with the perfective describing foregrounded actions within that scene ("Suddenly, a man burst into the room, ran over to the table, and grabbed the gun.").  English does not have these aspects. However, the background-action contrast provides a decent approximation in English: Here 'entered' presents "the totality of the situation referred to [...]: the whole of the situation is presented as a single unanalysable whole, with beginning, middle, and end all rolled into one; no attempt is made to divide this situation up into the various individual phases that make up the action of entry." This is the essence of the perfective aspect: an event presented as an unanalyzed whole.  'Was reading', however, is different. Besides being the background to 'entered', the form'reading' presents "an internal portion of John's reading, [with] no explicit reference to the beginning or to the end of his reading." This is the essence of the imperfective aspect. Or, to continue the quotation, "the perfective looks at the situation from the outside, without necessarily distinguishing any of the internal structure of the situation, whereas the imperfective looks at the situation from inside, and as such is crucially concerned with the internal structure of the situation, since it can both look backwards towards the start of the situation, and look forwards to the end of the situation, and indeed it is equally appropriate if the situation is one that lasts through all time, without any beginning and without any end."  This is why, within the past tense, perfective verbs are typically translated into English as simple past, like 'entered', whereas imperfective verbs are typically translated as 'was reading', 'used to read', and the like. (In English, it is easiest to illustrate aspect in the past tense. However, any tense is possible: Present "John is reading as I enter", future "John will be reading when I enter", etc.: In each tense, the aspectual distinction is the same.)  This aspectual distinction is not inherent to the events themselves, but is decided by how the speaker views them or wishes to present them. The very same event may be described as perfective in one clause, and then imperfective in the next. For example, where the two forms of 'to read' refer to the same thing. In 'John read that book yesterday', however, "John's reading is presented as a complete event, without further subdivision into successive temporal phases;" while in 'while he was reading it', "this event is opened up, so that the speaker is now in the middle of the situation of John's reading," as it is in the middle of this reading that the postman arrives.  The perfective and imperfective need not occur together in the same utterance; indeed they more often do not. However, it is difficult to describe them in English without an explicit contrast like "John was reading when I entered."

Combination.

The two aspects may be combined on the same verb in a few languages, for perfective imperfectives and imperfective perfectives. Georgian and Bulgarian, for example, have parallel perfective-imperfective and aorist-imperfect forms, the latter restricted to the past tense. In Bulgarian, there are parallel perfective and imperfective stems; aorist and imperfect suffixes are typically added to the perfective and imperfective stems, respectively, but the opposite can occur. For example, an imperfect perfective is used in Bulgarian for a simple action that is repeated or habitual: Here each sitting is an unanalyzed whole, a simple event, so the perfective root of the verb'sat' is used. However, the clause as a whole describes an ongoing event conceived of as having internal structure, so the imperfective suffix "-eshe" is added. Without the suffix, the clause would read simply as "In the evening he sat on the verandah."

The imperfective (abbreviated or more ambiguously ) is a grammatical aspect used to describe a situation viewed with interior composition. The imperfective is used in language to describe ongoing, habitual, repeated, or similar semantic roles, whether that situation occurs in the past, present, or future. Although many languages have a general imperfective, others have distinct aspects for one or more of its various roles, such as progressive, habitual, and iterative aspects. The imperfective contrasts with the perfective aspect, which is used to describe actions viewed as a complete whole.

非完整体(imperfective aspect)是一种语法体。它提及从特定观点可被看作正在进行的、惯常的、重复的或一般包含内部结构的行动。对立用法是完整体,它把行动看作一个单一整体。


Plot.

The Creed family—Louis, Rachel, and their children Ellie and Gage—move from Chicago to rural Ludlow, Maine, after Louis is offered a job as a physician with the University of Maine. They befriend their neighbor Jud Crandall, who takes them to an isolated pet cemetery (misspelled "sematary") in the forest behind the Creeds' new home.  On his first day at work, Louis encounters Victor Pascow, a jogger who has been mortally injured after being hit by a truck. He warns Louis about the pet cemetery before he dies, calling Louis by name despite the fact they have not previously met. That night, Pascow comes to Louis as a ghost and leads him to the Pet Sematary, warning him not to cross the barrier because the ground beyond is "sour". Louis awakens, assuming it was a dream, but notices his feet are covered in dirt.  During Thanksgiving while the family is gone, Ellie's cat, Church, is run down on the highway. Realizing that Ellie will be devastated, Jud takes Louis beyond the cemetery and deep into the woods, where they reach an ancient Miꞌkmaq burial ground. Jud instructs Louis to bury the cat and warns him not to tell anyone else about what they have done. The next day a reanimated Church returns to the house, a shell of what he was before; he stinks, moves sluggishly, and is vicious towards Louis. Jud explains that as a boy he himself revived his beloved pet dog in the Miꞌkmaq ground and that although the cat might be different, it will save Ellie the grief of losing her favorite pet.  Sometime later, Gage is killed by a truck along the same highway. The family is devastated, and Jud anticipates that Louis is considering burying his son in the Miꞌkmaq ground, although Louis denies it. Jud believes that introducing Louis to the ritual ground aroused the malevolent forces present there, which caused Gage's death. He tells him the story of a local named Bill Baterman who buried his son Timmy in the Miꞌkmaq ground after he was killed in World War II. Timmy returned as a malevolent zombie, terrifying the townsfolk. A group of men including Jud tried destroying Timmy by lighting the Baterman house on fire, only for Bill to perish with his son. Jud insists that the burial ground is evil and Louis must never try to bury his son there.  After the funeral, Rachel and Ellie leave for Chicago while Louis remains home. Despite Pascow and Jud's warnings, Louis exhumes his son's body and buries him at the ritual site. In Chicago, Pascow appears to Ellie in a dream and warns her that Louis is about to do something terrible. Rachel is unnerved by her daughter's dream but is only able to reach Jud when she calls, who tells her Louis is not home. She decides to return to Maine, much to Jud's alarm.  That night, Gage returns home and steals a scalpel from his father's bag. He taunts Jud before slashing his Achilles tendon and his mouth horizontally through the lips, before biting his throat, killing him. Rachel returns home and is lured into Jud's house by the voice and specter of her dead sister Zelda, only to discover that she is actually seeing Gage, holding a scalpel. In shock and disbelief, Rachel reaches down to hug her son and he kills her off screen.  Waking up from his sleep, Louis notices Gage's muddy footprints in the house and discovers that his scalpel is missing. Receiving a phone call from Gage that he has "played" with Jud and Mommy, he fills three syringes with morphine and heads to Jud's house. Encountering Church, he kills the cat with an injection before entering the house. Gage taunts him further and Louis is startled by Rachel's falling corpse hanged from the attic before he is attacked by his son.  After a brief battle, Louis overpowers Gage and injects him with the morphine syringe. He then lights Jud's house on fire, leaving it to burn as he carries Rachel's body from the fire. Pascow appears and warns Louis not to "make it worse" but grief-stricken Louis believes that because Rachel was not dead as long as Gage was, burying her "will work this time". Pascow cries out in frustration and vanishes as Louis passes through him.  That night, Rachel returns to Louis and the couple embrace. Rachel takes a large knife from the counter, before Louis screams.

Production.

Development.

The film rights were sold to George A. Romero in 1984 for $10,000. King had previously declined several other offers for a film adaptation. Romero eventually had to pull out of the production, as he was busy with "Monkey Shines". Development executive Lindsay Doran loved the finished script and advocated for it to be made at Embassy Pictures and then at Paramount Pictures, after she became vice president of production there in 1985. She was told each time that there was no more demand for Stephen King films after the slew of adaptations from his novels released in the early 80's.  It was only during the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike that Paramount reconsidered because the studio was facing a possible shortage of new productions for 1989 release. Stephen King's script for "Pet Sematary" was finished and ready to go, so Doran was given the greenlight to obtain the rights for Paramount and start production. King, who had final say on the choice of a director, met with the studio's first choice of Mary Lambert. She impressed him with her enthusiasm for his novels and her commitment to stay faithful to his source material, which secured her the job.  The original cut of the film delivered to Paramount's executives was judged to be too long, so excess footage had to be removed. The original ending scene was more ambiguous: it showed only the undead Rachel entering the kitchen where Louis is playing solitaire, leaving his fate uncertain. Although Lambert called this the "more spooky, sad... tragic" ending, because the audience knows "it's not going to be what he wants. She's not coming back as his wife", the studio decided it was too tame and at their request it was re-shot to be more graphic. Rachel's appearance was made far more gruesome with special prosthetic effects, and she kills Louis at the end as alluded to in his screams when the film cuts to black.

Casting.

Initially, Paramount executives wanted a pair of twins to play the role of Gage, like those chosen to play Ellie, which was the more cost-effective option. However, Lambert was very impressed with three-year-old Miko Hughes, whom she felt was a natural talent despite his young age, so she lobbied the studio to accept her choice. She also faced resistance from executives over her choice to cast Fred Gwynne, whom the studio believed audiences wouldn't take seriously because of his fame as Herman Munster. After first auditioning girls for the role of Zelda, Lambert changed course and ended up casting Andrew Hubatsek in the role, because she felt having a grown man playing the role of a teenage girl deformed by spinal meningitis made the character more frightening.

Filming.

As stipulated by King when selling the rights, "Pet Sematary" was shot in Maine where the story was set and King himself wrote the screenplay. Production was based out of Ellsworth and auditions held at The Grand theater, where several hundred locals auditioned to be extras or for small spoken roles. King himself was very involved in the filming process, consulting with Lambert frequently on her ideas for the story and any deviations from the script she wished to make.  The house used for the Creeds' home is a private residence near Hancock, while Jud's house across the street was actually a facade constructed around an existing house that was insulated with fireproof material so that the mock-up could be burned around it. The interiors of the Creed house were recreated on a soundstage in Ellsworth, while the interiors of Jud's house were built inside the Bangor Arsenal. The approach to the Miꞌkmaq burial ground was filmed at an abandoned granite quarry on Mount Desert Island in Acadia National Park, while a hilltop near Sedgwick was the site of the Miꞌkmaq ground itself. Other locations included a forest near Ellsworth for the pet cemetery, Mount Hope Cemetery in Bangor for the graveyard scenes, and Ellsworth Town Hall, which stood in for the hospital of the University of Maine, Orono.

Music.

The film's score was written by Elliot Goldenthal. The film features two songs by the Ramones, one of Stephen King's favorite bands: "Sheena Is a Punk Rocker" appears in a scene, and "Pet Sematary", a new track written specially for the picture, plays over the credits.  The song "Pet Sematary" became one of the Ramones' biggest charting hits, reaching number four on "Billboard"s "Modern Rock Tracks" list, despite being, in the words of AMG, "reviled by most of the band's hardcore fans".  Lambert was better known for her work directing music videos, especially those for Madonna including "Like a Prayer" and "Material Girl". Through her work in the music industry she was friends with the Ramones. She approached them about recording a song for the film and they agreed to write and perform "Pet Sematary", which is featured in the closing credits.

Release.

The "Los Angeles Times" wrote that the film "defied the critics and opened at blockbuster levels". The film grossed $57 million in the United States.

Reception.

Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 51% of 35 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 5.42/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Pet Sematary" is a bruising horror flick that wears its quirks on its sleeves, to the detriment of its scare factor." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 38 out of 100 based on 12 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B.  "Variety" called it "undead schlock dulled by a slasher-film mentality". Vincent Canby of "The New York Times" wrote that the film "has some effectively ghoulish moments" but "fails mostly because it doesn't trust the audience to do any of the work". Gene Siskel of the "Chicago Tribune" gave the film zero stars out of four and called it "sickening." Kevin Thomas of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote, "Lambert goes for strong, succinct images and never stops to worry whether there's a lack of credibility or motivation."  Richard Harrington of "The Washington Post" called it "bland, clichéd, cheap". Harrington criticized Gage's actions as disturbing and the climax as "an ugly payoff to an inept setup". Philip Strick of "The Monthly Film Bulletin" wrote, "The family feuds and loyalties which lend some coherence to the novel and justify its punchline... are simply plundered for their shock effect en route to the final bloodletting. Emaciated, then, rather than enhanced by its adaptation, "Pet Semetary" as a movie is nevertheless strikingly well-told."  Bloody Disgusting rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, "The plot alone would make for a scary movie, but by injecting excellent atmosphere, capable acting and generally nightmarish scenes, "Pet Sematary" is a truly effective horror flick and well worth the price of admission." At Dread Central, Steve Barton rated it 4/5 stars and called it one of the best King adaptations; Jason Jenkins rated it 3.5/5 stars and called it "one of the better King adaptations of the period".

Home media.

It was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment in April 14, 2003. "Collector's Edition". "Pet Sematary" was a best-selling VHS upon release. Paramount released it on DVD in 2006 and on Blu-ray in 2012. "Pet Sematary" was released on 4K UHD Blu-ray on March 26, 2019.

Legacy.

Sequel.

A sequel, "Pet Sematary Two", was released in 1992 to poor reviews and a disappointing box office. Although it references the events of the first film, the sequel focused on all-new characters. "Pet Sematary" has acquired a cult following in recent years, and members of the cast occasionally appear at horror conventions to discuss it.

Documentary.

A documentary, "Unearthed & Untold: The Path to Pet Sematary", premiered in September 2014, and was released in January 2017.  "Pet Sematary" was ranked #16 on IFC's list of the best Stephen King film and television adaptations, and also placed at 16 on "Rolling Stone"s Top 30 King adaptations.

2019 film.

There was intermittent buzz about a possible adaptation of "Pet Sematary". Juan Carlos Fresnadillo was announced to direct an adaptation in October 2013, but nothing came of it.  In August 2017, the brother-sister team behind the 2017 adaptation of Stephen King's "It", Andrés and Barbara Muschietti, told the "Toronto Sun" that they hoped to adapt "Pet Sematary" after the sequel of "It". Again, there was no further action.  Finally, in December 2017 Paramount Pictures announced that it was remaking the film, with Jeff Buhler penning the script and Kevin Kolsch and Dennis Widmyer set to direct. The new adaptation stars Jason Clarke and Amy Seimetz as Louis and Rachel Creed, with John Lithgow appearing as Jud Crandall. The movie began filming in Montreal, Canada, in June 2018 and was released on April 5, 2019.

Pet Sematary (sometimes referred to as Stephen King's Pet Sematary) is a 1989 American supernatural horror film and the first adaptation of Stephen King's 1983 novel of the same name. Directed by Mary Lambert and written by King, it stars Dale Midkiff, Denise Crosby, Blaze Berdahl, Fred Gwynne, and Miko Hughes as Gage Creed. The title is a sensational spelling of "pet cemetery".

是一部1989年美国恐怖电影,改编自史蒂芬·金的1983年英文同名小说。由Mary Lambert (director)执导,史蒂芬·金编剧,主演是戴尔·米基夫、丹妮丝·克罗斯比、布拉兹·贝尔达尔、米卡·休斯和弗雷德·格温。史蒂芬·金也客串扮演牧师。本片的英文片名是「cemetery」的感官拼字。


Description.

The amalgamation of the collections previously held by the City Corporation at the Guildhall Museum and of the London Museum, which was located in Kensington Palace, was agreed in 1964. The Museum of London Act, allowing for the merger, was passed in the following year.  The museum was opened in December 1976 as part of the Barbican Estate. The architects were Philip Powell and Hidalgo Moya, who adopted an innovative approach to museum design, whereby the galleries were laid out so that there was only one route through the museum – from the prehistoric period to the modern galleries.  The museum comprises a series of chronological galleries containing original artefacts, models, pictures and diagrams, with a strong emphasis on archaeological discoveries, the built city, urban development and London's social and cultural life, with interactive displays and activities for all ages. Fragments of the Roman London Wall can be seen just outside the museum.  The museum had a £20 million redevelopment which was completed in May 2010. This was its biggest investment since opening in 1976. The re-design, by London-based architects Wilkinson Eyre, tells the story of London and Londoners from the Great Fire of 1666 to the present day. The transformation includes four new galleries. The new City Gallery features large street level windows along London Wall and provides an illuminated showcase for the Lord Mayor's State Coach, which takes to the streets each November for the Lord Mayor's Show.  The Galleries of Modern London increased the museum's exhibition space by 25 percent and enabled the display of 7,000 objects. Star exhibits include a reconstruction of Georgian pleasure gardens, the foreboding wooden interior of the Wellclose debtors prison cell, an art deco lift from Selfridges department store and the puppet stars of BBC children's TV Andy Pandy and Bill and Ben.  The "Expanding City" gallery covers the period 1660s to 1850. "People's City" addresses 1850 to 1940s, including a "Victorian Walk" with recreated shops and public buildings, and sections on the West End, Suffragettes, World War I and World War II, and everyday life.  The new galleries place a renewed emphasis on contemporary London and contemporary collecting. "World City" is the gallery which tells London's story from 1950 to the present day. Fashion looms large here – from formal suits of the 1950s, through to the Mary Quant dress of the swinging 1960s, hippy chic in the 1970s and the bondage trousers and ripped T-shirts of the punk era. Fashion comes right up to date with a pashmina from Alexander McQueen's 2008 collection.  The Sackler Hall contains an elliptical LED curtain where the work of up-and-coming young filmmakers is screened in a bi-annual Museum of London Film Commission, in association with Film London. A temporary exhibition space, "Inspiring London", features a changing programme of displays on the theme of creativity and inspiration.

Museum of London Docklands.

In 2003, the Museum of London Docklands (formerly Museum in Docklands) was opened in a 19th-century grade I listed warehouse near Canary Wharf on the Isle of Dogs. The Museum of London Docklands charts the history of London as a port, beginning 2,000 years ago with the Roman trading post set up on the banks of the Thames and following London's expansion into the biggest port the world had ever known. In November 2007, it opened the capital's first permanent gallery examining London's involvement in the transatlantic slave trade, "London, Sugar & Slavery".

Museum of London Archaeology.

Once part of the Museum of London, Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA) became an independent charity in November 2011, regulated by the Charity Commission for England and Wales. MOLA now has its own Board of Trustees but the Museum of London and MOLA continue to work together. MOLA employs around 190 archaeologists working on most of the major archaeological sites in London. Independence gives MOLA a stronger remit; it streamlines operations, reduces duplication and cuts red tape. Originally, MOLA was a much smaller department within the Museum of London but it expanded hugely – and outgrew its parent organisation. Independence gives MOLA the freedom to operate and to explore new markets across the country and overseas.  The Museum of London and MOLA retain close links via a partnership arrangement set out in a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). This is to the clear benefit of both organisations and includes key areas of collaboration – on initiatives such as educational outreach, fundraising and public relations.  MOLA will continue to have its headquarters at Mortimer Wheeler House (in Shoreditch) and share specialist expertise and equipment with Museum of London colleagues at London Wall.

Structure.

The Museum of London and Museum of London Docklands are part of the same group. Since 1 April 2008, the Museum has been jointly controlled and funded by the City of London Corporation and the Greater London Authority. Prior to this the Museum had been jointly controlled by the City of London and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. It is headed by a director.

Move to Smithfield.

Work is underway to move the museum to a new site in West Smithfield. Plans for the vacated Barbican site include the Centre for Music, a permanent home for the London Symphony Orchestra.  In March 2015, the museum revealed plans to move to the General Market Building at the nearby Smithfield site. Reasons for the proposed move included the claim that the current site was difficult for visitors to find, and that by expanding, from 17,000 square metres to 27,000, a greater proportion of the Museum's collection could be placed on display. The cost of the move was estimated to be in the region of £70 million and, if funding could be achieved, the estimated completion date was 2021.  It was later discovered that the building project would be more complex than first thought, and the deadline for opening was pushed back to 2024.

The Museum of London documents the history of the UK's capital city from prehistoric to modern times and is located in the City of London on the London Wall, close to the Barbican Centre and is part of the Barbican complex of buildings created in the 1960s and 1970s to redevelop a bomb-damaged area of the City.

伦敦博物馆(英语:Museum of London)展示了史前时代至现今伦敦的历史。博物馆在二战大轰炸的地区,于1976年所建立,是巴比肯屋村的一部分,接近巴比肯艺术中心,步行数分钟便北抵圣保罗座堂,可见罗马时代在伦敦建造的城墙。博物馆内可见伦敦,特别是历史城区伦敦市的社会历史改变。


Examples.

The wedge sum of two circles is homeomorphic to a figure-eight space. The wedge sum of "n" circles is often called a "bouquet of circles", while a wedge product of arbitrary spheres is often called a bouquet of spheres.  A common construction in homotopy is to identify all of the points along the equator of an "n"-sphere formula_3. Doing so results in two copies of the sphere, joined at the point that was the equator:  Let formula_5 be the map formula_6, that is, of identifying the equator down to a single point. Then addition of two elements formula_7 of the "n"-dimensional homotopy group formula_8 of a space "X" at the distinguished point formula_9 can be understood as the composition of formula_10 and formula_11 with formula_5:  Here, formula_14 are maps which take a distinguished point formula_15 to the point formula_16 Note that the above uses the wedge sum of two functions, which is possible precisely because they agree at formula_17 the point common to the wedge sum of the underlying spaces.

Categorical description.

The wedge sum can be understood as the coproduct in the category of pointed spaces. Alternatively, the wedge sum can be seen as the pushout of the diagram "X" ← {•} → "Y" in the category of topological spaces (where {•} is any one-point space).

Properties.

Van Kampen's theorem gives certain conditions (which are usually fulfilled for well-behaved spaces, such as CW complexes) under which the fundamental group of the wedge sum of two spaces "X" and "Y" is the free product of the fundamental groups of "X" and "Y".

In topology, the wedge sum is a "one-point union" of a family of topological spaces. Specifically, if "X" and "Y" are pointed spaces (i.e. topological spaces with distinguished basepoints "x" and "y") the wedge sum of "X" and "Y" is the quotient space of the disjoint union of "X" and "Y" by the identification "x" ∼ "y":

在数学的拓扑学中,楔和是一族拓扑空间的「一点并」。更明确而言,设"X"和"Y"是两个带基点的空间(即有基点"x"和"y"的拓扑空间),则"X"和"Y"的楔和是在其不交并中黏合两个基点"x" ∼ "y"而得的商空间:


Gameplay.

"Wii Sports" consists of five separate sports games—tennis, baseball, bowling, golf, and boxing—accessed from the main menu. The games use the motion sensor capabilities of the Wii Remote and Nunchuk attachment to control the actions of the on-screen ball. The player moves the remote in a similar manner to how the separate games are played in real life; for example, holding and swinging the Wii Remote like a golf club, baseball bat, tennis racket or bowling ball. Some aspects of the gameplay are computer controlled. In tennis, player movement is controlled by the Wii, while the swinging of the racket is controlled by the player. Baseball consists of batting and pitching, with all of the fielding and baserunning handled by the computer.  The in-game characters are taken from the Wii's Mii Channel, which allows the user to create a Mii (a customized avatar) that can be imported into games that support the feature. "Wii Sports" is the first Wii title to use this feature. Miis saved on the Wii will appear in the crowd during bowling games and as members of human-controlled teams in baseball. The non-player characters in the game were also created using the Mii Channel toolset. Miis created on one Wii can be transferred onto the internal memory of a Wii Remote for use on another Wii with different save data.  After a game, a player is awarded or penalized skill points based on performance relative to the computer's skill level, though some games do not calculate points during multiplayer sessions. The game keeps track of these points by charting them on a graph, as well as increasing the size of the crowd in Tennis and Boxing single-player modes. After obtaining 1000 skill points in a sport, a player is awarded "pro" level, along with a cosmetic feature for their Mii in Bowling and Boxing. A Mii newly turned pro will receive a message on the Wii Message Board notifying them. "Wii Sports" also features a fitness test that calculates a player's fitness age (ranging from 20 to 80 years old, 20 being the best possible). The test gauges the player's performance in three randomly chosen challenges in each test from the training mode that have been played at least once, and can only be taken once a day per Mii. Calculating the fitness age takes into account a player's balance, speed, and stamina. Fitness age results are graphed over one, two, or three months, with daily results posted on the Wii Message Board.

Development.

Katsuya Eguchi, who managed Software Development Group 2 at Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development, produced "Wii Sports". With the Wii, Nintendo desired to reach people who had not played video games before. To do this they needed software that allowed both long time and first time players to interact together in a fun way. Nintendo also wanted players to use the system daily and intended "Wii Sports" to be the console's flagship title to help accomplish this. "Wii Sports" was designed as a simple introductory line meant to offer something for both gamers and non-gamers. Sports were chosen as the theme because of the widespread familiarity with them. Rather than feature professional athletes or have realistic graphics, the game was designed to be simple so that anyone could play. Gameplay like running towards a ball in tennis was excluded to maintain simplicity. At one point in development, Super Mario characters were used, but were removed because of feedback from players who preferred Miis. The game supports a and progressive scan, runs at 60 frames per second, and makes use of the Wii Remote's accelerometer to interpret the player's motion. Motion-sensing actions, like pitching and hitting, were prioritized to make them as realistic as possible. Because Nintendo did not expect players to purchase the Wii solely to play "Wii Sports", they bundled the game with the console; Nintendo believed players would be more likely to play "Wii Sports" through this distribution method. They also felt players that enjoyed the game would increase its popularity by word of mouth.  Before the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) Media and Business Summit of 2006, the first sport in the game was announced as "Wii Sports: Tennis". It was later announced, at Nintendo's press conference prior to E3 2006, it would be part of a sports package. Satoru Iwata introduced this package as "Wii Sports", and stated it would include tennis, golf, and baseball. The game was featured as both a video demonstration and an on-stage playable demo. The demo featured Iwata and Reggie Fils-Aime in a doubles tennis match against Shigeru Miyamoto and Scott Dyer, a contest winner. The other sports titles were on display at E3 and shared a similar naming convention to the tennis game such as, "Wii Sports: Baseball", "Wii Sports: Golf", and "Wii Sports: Airplane". At the time, baseball only featured a batting simulation. The airplane title was similar to "Pilotwings" and required the player to maneuver an airplane through rings within a time frame. It was not included in the final game, but was later incorporated into "Wii Sports Resort". At the Nintendo World event on September 14, 2006, Reggie Fils-Aime announced that "Wii Sports" would be included free with the Wii. The bowling and boxing titles were also introduced.

Reception.

"Wii Sports" received "generally favorable" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. GameTrailers called it a good complement to the Wii system and referred to all five games as a "nice total package". They commented that the games provided enough gameplay for long time gamers without making it inaccessible to novices. GameTrailers stated, however, that the lack of a tournament mode was a detractor, and did not recommend paying for the game if it did not come bundled with the system. "GamePro" also commented that the free addition of "Wii Sports" with the Wii was a positive. Matt Casamassina of IGN called it a "successful showpiece for Nintendo's new hardware" and enjoyed the ability to import Miis. GameSpot editor Ryan Davis complimented the multiplayer aspect and the fitness test. Reviewers praised the game's controls and ease of use. Casamassina referred to the controls as "revolutionary" and described them as intuitive. "GamePro" echoed similar comments, praising the ease of play and realistic motion controls, while Davis commented that the motion controls were sometimes erratic. Common criticism focused on the graphics and lack of depth in the separate games. Casamassina stated that the game "comes up short in depth and visuals", and called the graphics "generic" and "archaic". Other reviewers said the graphics were on par with Nintendo's older gaming systems, the GameCube and Nintendo 64. Davis criticized the oversimplified nature of the games, and GamePro stated that the separate games offered less depth than regular console sports games. "Nintendo Power" listed "Wii Sports" along with its sequel "Wii Sports Resort" as two of the greatest multiplayer experiences in Nintendo's history, stating that everyone from young children to grandparents can enjoy the games. The magazine praised the grouping of sports and the game's longevity. In 2019, "Wii Sports" was ranked 28th on "The Guardian" newspaper's The 50 Best Video Games of the 21st Century list.  The separate games garnered their own reception among critics. Casamassina called bowling, tennis, and baseball "fun and addictive", while Tom Bramwell of Eurogamer said baseball, golf, and boxing were lacking in gameplay depth when compared to tennis and bowling. "PC Magazine" columnist John C. Dvorak, an avid bowler, praised the realistic physics used in bowling and stated, "Nintendo did a stupendous job of coding." He complimented the addition of physical activity to video gaming, but complained that long term use caused his wrist and shoulder to become sore. Casamassina ranked bowling as the best experience of the five. Before its release, IGN's Craig Harris commented on an exploit allowing easy strikes in the bowling game that removed the challenge and replay value. After the release, he stated that the exploit was not fixed. GameTrailers called golf the most in-depth, but criticized the lack of multiple courses and unpredictable controls when trying to slice or hook a shot. "GamePro" said golf offered the most content and was the best looking of all the games, but commented that its controls were the most difficult to use. GameTrailers called tennis the most accessible and easy to play, but criticized the difficulty of putting spin on a shot. Casamassina stated that tennis was one of the more enjoyable games, but the lack of movement control was a detractor. GameTrailers called baseball the most "worthless" because of the luck factor associated with the computer-controlled fielding. They called boxing the best workout on "Wii Sports", but criticized the difficult timing needed to punch properly. Casamassina criticized boxing for being "like a chore" and ranked it as the worst experience of the five sports.

Sales.

By the end of 2007, "Wii Sports" was the best-selling Wii game. In Japan, where the game was not included with the system, the game sold 176,167 copies in the first two days of release, a record for a seventh generation console game in Japan. By February 2007, it had sold over a million copies. In early May 2007, game-industry research firm Media Create placed "Wii Sports" third in their list of top-20 games in Japan. It was the best-selling game of 2007 in Japan with 1,911,520 copies sold. It was the tenth best-selling game in Japan in 2008, selling 841,736 copies in that year. The game sold 45.71 million copies—including bundled copies—worldwide by March 2009. By January 2011, worldwide sales were reported at 75.66 million, which increased to 82.90 million by March 2020.

Awards.

"Wii Sports"s debut at 2006 E3 garnered it several awards. At the event, it won the Game Critics Award for "Best Sports Game". 1UP.com listed it as the "Best Wii Game" and "Most Original Game" in their "Best of E3 2006" feature. Following its release, "Wii Sports" received multiple awards from various organizations, websites, and magazines. IGN awarded it "Best Sports Game of 2006" and second best game of 2006. "Time" magazine listed the game as the number one game of 2006 in their list of "Top 10 Video Games of 2006". "Wii Sports" won "Famitsu"s 2006 "Innovation Award". "Electronic Gaming Monthly" awarded it "Best Multiplayer Experience" in their 2006 "1Up Network Awards". At the 2007 Interactive Achievement Awards, "Wii Sports" won "Outstanding Achievement in Game Play Engineering", "Outstanding Achievement in Game Design", and "Outstanding Innovation in Gaming". In 2007, the game won the "Innovation Award" and "Best Game Design" at the Game Developers Choice Awards, and won "Grand Prize" in the entertainment division of the Japan Media Arts Festival. At the 2007 British Academy Video Games Awards, "Wii Sports" won six out of seven award nominations: Sports, Innovation, Gameplay, Multiplayer, Casual, and Strategy and Simulation. The New York Times named wii sports as the Game of the year, also The gaming website Gamasutra said that Wii sports was the most important game of 2006. In 2010, the game was included as one of the titles in the book "1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die".

Impact.

"Wii Sports", a major factor in the Wii's worldwide success, was the first release among a number of core Wii games being developed at the same time, with the same philosophy; others were released as "Wii Play", "Wii Fit", and "Wii Music". A direct sequel to "Wii Sports", titled "Wii Sports Resort", was released in 2009. The game, along with "Wii Fit", has been credited with attracting more casual, female, and elderly gamers. It has also been cited as a game that can provide a bonding experience among family members, and as a means of exercising and losing weight when played regularly. A study involving 13- to 15‐year-old teenagers was conducted by the Liverpool John Moores University and concluded that players used 2% more energy than by playing on other consoles. They stated that it was no substitute for playing a real sport, but could contribute to weight management. "Wii Sports" has been used to aid in the physical therapy of a boxer at the Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital in Canada, stroke victims in Minneapolis, Minnesota and Raleigh, North Carolina, and injured soldiers in Prescott, Arizona; Washington, D.C.; and Landstuhl, Germany. "Wired" included the game in its list of "The 15 Most Influential Games of the Decade" at #8, for its role in popularizing motion controls and having a major impact on the "videogame landscape." In 2019, "GameSpot" named it one of the most influential games of the 21st century, citing its accessibility, broad appeal, and long-term impact on console development at Nintendo and other game hardware designers.  After the Wii's release, players began incurring injuries while playing "Wii Sports", among other games, when they accidentally hit other players or objects while swinging the Wii Remote. This string of accidents, and others related to players throwing the Wii Remote while playing "Wii Sports", prompted Nintendo president Satoru Iwata to develop a campaign to reduce such incidents. In regard to the issue, Nintendo spokesman Yasuhiro Minagawa commented, "People tended to get a bit excited, especially while playing "Wii Sports", and in some cases the remote would come loose from their hands." Nintendo responded by offering replacement Wii Remote wrist straps that were almost twice as thick. Other injuries include muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries from excess playing of simulated sports on the Wii—dubbed "Wii-itis".  "Wii Sports" has become a popular means for social gatherings and competitions. Residents at senior centers and retirement homes have formed leagues using "Wii Sports" bowling. After its Australian release, Nintendo and Myer, an Australian department store chain, held a "Wii Sports" tennis tournament in January 2007 in Melbourne, Australia. The winners competed against professional tennis players Pat Cash and Mark Woodforde, and were awarded new Wiis. An unofficial "Wii Sports" tennis tournament titled "Wiimbledon" was held in the Brooklyn, New York bar Barcade on June 23, 2007. It featured 128 competitors, many of whom were dressed in costumes.  "Wii Sports" has been featured on television multiple times. The game was featured in commercials for the Wii system, and in news features on ABC and NBC. The game has appeared on various comedy shows. An episode of "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" featured host Conan O'Brien competing against his guest, tennis star Serena Williams, in a match of "Wii Sports" tennis. On an episode of the "Rick Mercer Report", former Canadian prime minister Jean Chrétien beat Rick Mercer in a game of "Wii Sports" boxing. The boxing game also appeared on an episode of "The Colbert Report" where a clip featured Mii versions of Stephen Colbert and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi boxing. At the 80th Academy Awards Show, host Jon Stewart and Jamia Simone Nash were caught playing "Wii Sports" tennis on one of the event's gigantic projection screens after a commercial break as part of a joke. "Wii Sports" has also been featured in mainstream movies such as "Tropic Thunder" and in commercials for products such as Kellogg's Smart Start.

Series continuation.

"Wii Sports Resort".

A sequel, "Wii Sports Resort", was first revealed at Nintendo's E3 2008 presentation. Development moved forward after the extent of the Wii MotionPlus was realized, though the idea for a sequel existed sooner. The game features 13 sports, (2 from the original) including Swordplay, Wakeboarding, Frisbee, Archery, Basketball, Table Tennis, Golf, Bowling, Power Cruising, Canoeing, Cycling and Air Sports (Parachuting and Piloting). The game was first released in South Korea on June 24, 2009 and in Japan on June 25, 2009 before releasing in other markets in July 2009.

"Wii Sports Club".

On September 18, 2013, Nintendo announced "Wii Sports Club" for the Wii U Nintendo eShop. The game features the five games of "Wii Sports" remade in high-definition graphics, with support for the Wii MotionPlus (similar to "Wii Sports Resort") and online multiplayer. The game uses a 'Club' system, in which players are registered to regional or national clubs, communicating with each other via Miiverse, and compete against other clubs for rankings. After a 24-hour free trial period, players can purchase a day pass to access all of the games, or purchase full access to the individual games. Tennis and Bowling were first released on October 30, 2013, golf was first released on December 18, 2013 and Baseball and Boxing were first released at the end of June 2014. A retail version of Wii Sports Club was released in July 2014.

Wii Sports is a 2006 sports video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii video game console. The game was released in North America along with the Wii on November 19, 2006, and was released in Japan, Oceania, and Europe the following month. It was included as a pack-in game with the console in all territories except Japan and South Korea, making it the first sports game included with the launch of a Nintendo system since "Mario's Tennis" for the Virtual Boy in 1995. "Wii Sports" is available on its own as part of the Nintendo Selects collection of games.

是一款适用于Wii游乐器的电子游戏,由日本任天堂公司制作,在欧美地区属于Wii系列和Touch! Generations系列中的一作。游戏于2006年11月19日在北美地区随Wii游戏机先行发售,并在随后一个月内于日本、澳大利亚和欧洲发行。2008年,游戏先后在南韩和台湾发行,也成为Wii上为数不多的中文游戏之一。除日本和韩国外,所有的Wii游戏机均同捆本作销售,使得本作成为自1995年Virtual Boy平台的《马里奥网球》以来,再度捆绑任天堂游戏机贩售的首发游戏。


Career.

M2M and early solo career.

Marit Larsen was born in Lørenskog, Norway. She became friends with Marion Raven at age five, and they formed their own band when they were eight, naming it "Hubba Bubba" after their favourite bubblegum. They released a children's album, "Synger Kjente Barnesanger", under the band name "Marit & Marion". The album was nominated for a Spellemannprisen award when they were both 12 years old. They later decided to shorten the band name to M2M. Atlantic records signed them to a worldwide contract in 1998. Their debut single, "Don't Say You Love Me", was both a critical and commercial success, was their debut album, "Shades of Purple". Despite critical acclaim, their second album, "The Big Room", did not perform as well commercially, and the duo broke up the year of its release.  After the breakup of M2M, Raven began her solo career, while Larsen took time off to go to school. Fan interest was reignited in 2004 and early 2005 when Larsen made several appearances in Norway, showing off a darker-haired image and new music with increased instrumental and lyrical scope. Larsen performed three original songs, titled "This Time Tomorrow", "Recent Illusion", and "Walls", on NRK radio in October 2004, showcasing her skills at both guitar and piano. She also performed live at the highly anticipated concert in February 2005.

2005–2007: "Under the Surface".

Larsen recorded her debut album in fall 2005, "Under the Surface", with her new record label, EMI. The first single, "Don't Save Me", made radio impact on 3 January 2006, and quickly climbed into the top ten on many Norwegian charts and playlists. After the physical single release on 6 February 2006, "Don't Save Me" jumped to No. 1 on the official Norwegian singles chart in its second week of availability, and then spent five consecutive weeks in the top spot. The second single released from the album was the title track "Under the Surface". Both the single and its accompanying video were released in Norway in May 2006 and within a month the single became the most widely played track on Norwegian radio. After debuting at #19 the single peaked at #6 and spent 16 weeks inside the Norwegian Top 20. "Only A Fool" and "Solid Ground" were the third and fourth singles released, respectively. Her father Geir Tore Larsen played cello on the album, and her then-boyfriend, the musician Thom Hell, was one of the musicians on it.  "Under the Surface", which was released in Norway on 6 March 2006, contains 11 songs, most of which were written solely by Larsen. Touted as "what many people consider to be the most eagerly awaited album of 2006" (according to Norwegian magazine, Plan B), the record debuted and peaked at No. 3 on the sales chart in Norway. On 31 March 2006, after just three weeks of sales, "Under the Surface" became a certified gold record in Norway, selling over 20,000 copies. In late 2006 and early 2007, "Under the Surface" won Larsen other accolades, including the award for Best Norwegian Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards, and the Spellemannprisen (Norwegian Grammy) awards for Best Female Artist and Best Video ("Don't Save Me"). After Larsen's Spellemannprisen victories in January 2007, the album crossed the 40,000 copy mark, qualifying it for platinum certification. It was later announced in May 2007 that the album had reached double platinum status. In addition, she was the most played artist on NRK P3 radio in 2006, with her three singles ("Don't Save Me", "Under the Surface", and "Only A Fool") being played collectively more than 880 times.  Concurrently with the release of "Under the Surface", Larsen participated in the "Lyd i mørket" charity concert series in early March 2006. She began a Norwegian club tour in late April, headlining concerts for the first time in her career. She then played in music festivals across Norway during the summer, and held a second Norwegian club tour starting in October 2006.  "Under the Surface" was released in India and Thailand in late 2006, and in November, "Don't Save Me" began to be played on MTV Asia. Larsen also began making international appearances, performing at special events in Germany and Spain in September 2006, India in October 2006, and France in January 2007. She appeared in the United States at South by Southwest in March 2007. On 2 May 2007, Right Bank Music announced that Larsen would be managed by them for a possible release in the U.S.

2008–2010: "The Chase" and "If a Song Could Get Me You".

Larsen's second solo album, "The Chase", was released in Norway on 13 October 2008 and in Sweden on 19 November 2008. Like "Under the Surface", it was well received by critics; in December, it was named as the top album of the year by Dagbladet reviewers.  The first single from "The Chase", titled "If A Song Could Get Me You", shot to No. 1 on the Norwegian singles chart in its first week of sales in August 2008, and was later nominated for the Spellemannprisen award as Hit of the Year. The second single was "I've Heard Your Love Songs" (released 27 October 2008), and another song from the album, "Steal My Heart", was used in the soundtrack of the Norwegian movie "I et speil, i en gåte" ('‘Through a glass, darkly'’).  Early 2009, Larsen joined Jason Mraz as an opening act for his European spring tour. She was invited by Mraz when they met each other during the Nobel Peace Prize concert in 2008.  Larsen released "If A Song Could Get Me You" as her first single outside Norway. It was released in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Iceland. In Germany and Austria it became a number-one single. In Switzerland it peaked at No. 2. The song also peaked at No. 19 in Iceland.  In November 2009, Larsen started her first German-Swiss Tour.  On 24 November, "Verdens Gang", a Norwegian newspaper made a list of the best Norwegian songs of the past decade 2000–2009. "Under the Surface" was judged as the best song of the decade, making her 1st place on the list. Her song "If A Song Could Get Me You" came in 4th place and her album "Under the Surface" gets 2nd place for the best album of the decade.  Marit recorded a duet with Belgian singer/songwriter Milow titled "Out of My Hands". The song was originally contained in Milow’s album “Coming of Age” released in 2008 in Belgium. The duet version featuring Marit was released on 12 February 2010 via Milow’s MySpace page and Marit’s YouTube page.  In July 2010, Marit Larsen released the remake single of "Don't Save Me".

2011–2013: "Spark".

January 2011 Larsen recorded the song "Vår Beste Dag" (Our Best Day) in her native language for the NRK. Released only in Norway, it reached No. 1.  On 1 August, Marit Larsen started to record her 3rd solo album at Propeller Recordings.  On 7 October Marit Larsen announced that the album will be called "Spark" including 10 new tracks. The album was released in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark on 18 November. In Germany, Switzerland and Austria the album was released on 16 December. The first single, "Coming Home" had premiered on NRK P1 and on her Facebook page on 15 October. The music video had premiered on Verdens Gang's website on 12 November.  On 24 October 2011, "Coming Home" received successful radio airplay in the Philippines and named as the "Most Wanted Song Of The Month", reached atop for 4 consecutive weeks, and gave Marit her first number 1 song as a solo artist in the Philippine Top 100 Songs ( Last time was way back in 2000 when "The Day You Went Away" stayed atop for 9 non-consecutive weeks but was with M2M (band) ). On 16 December "Coming Home" was also performed by Marit Larsen on the finals of "Idol Norge" while Marion Raven was one of the judges on the same show. On 9 January 2012, despite of not being released as a single, "Last Night" received moderate radio airplay success in the Philippines and stayed atop for 2 consecutive weeks and gave Marit her second number 1 song in the Philippine Top 100 Songs. It also reached number 3 in Thailand.

2014–present: "When the Morning Comes" and "Joni Was Right".

On 14 July 2014, Marit Larsen made the premiere of the single "I Don't Want to Talk About It" from the album "When the Morning Comes" on NRK P3 radio. The single was released on 4 August 2014. The album, which climbed to No. 1 in Norway, was released in the Nordic countries on 20 October 2014. In Germany, Switzerland and Austria it was released on 27 March 2015. In the USA "When the Morning Comes" was released through iTunes on 29 January 2016.  Between 14 January and 14 February 2015, Marit Larsen played nineteen concerts on her "When The Morning Comes Tour" in Norway. On 18 January 2016, despite of not being released as an official single, "Before You Fell" received commercial radio airplay success in the Philippines which helped the song to stay atop for 6 consecutive weeks and gave Marit her third number 1 song in the Philippine Top 100 Songs and it was named as the "February Conqueror" by the DJ's for staying at number 1 for the whole month and on 7 March, it was replaced by "Please Don't Fall For Me", her fourth number 1 song in the Philippine Top 100 Songs, which stayed atop for 2 non-consecutive weeks and made Marit as the second act to have a same artist replacement in the number 1 position (First was way back in 2009 when The Black Eyed Peas charted atop with Boom Boom Pow then replaced by I Gotta Feeling after 8 weeks) in the Philippine Top 100 Songs chart. In January 2016 Marit Larsen announced that she will release new material in April 2016. She also announced that she will release her new material on her own, independent label ("Håndbryggrecords"), and will continue to release music independently in the future. The EP, entitled "Joni Was Right", was released on 1 April 2016. It contains five tracks and is available on iTunes and other online music stores. On 9 September 2016 the EP "Joni Was Right pt. II", which contains five tracks, was released on iTunes and other online music stores. On 9 September 2016 Marit Larsen also released a CD and a vinyl record called "Joni Was Right I & II", where the ten tracks of the two EP releases were combined. The CD release of "Joni Was Right I & II" entered the Norwegian album charts at #36 on 16 September 2016.

Marit Elisabeth Larsen (born 1 July 1983) is a Norwegian singer and songwriter. She began playing violin at age of 5 and played it until the age of 8. She gained international fame during her teenage years as a member of the pop duo M2M with childhood friend Marion Raven. She then pursued her own music career, releasing her debut solo album "Under the Surface" in 2006. Her second album, "The Chase", was released in Norway in October 2008. Her third album, titled "Spark" was released in Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland on 18 November 2011, and in Germany, Austria and Switzerland on 16 December 2011. Her fourth studio album "When the Morning Comes" was released on 20 October 2014. Larsen toured in its support within Norway with her own concerts, played songs from the album in Germany and Switzerland at public festivals and was the opening act at two of Johannes Oerding's concerts in November 2015.

玛莉特·拉森(,全名,1983年7月1日-),挪威创作歌手。 玛莉特·拉森在青少年时期便已经以M2M团体获得了国际名声。团体解散后,玛莉特于2006年发布了自己的第一张个人专辑《Under the Surface》。2008年10月,玛莉特第二张个人专辑《The Chase》于挪威发行。第三张个人专辑《Spark》于2011年11月18日在挪威、丹麦、瑞典、芬兰发行,而德国、奥地利、瑞士则在2011年12月16日发行。2014年10月20日第四张个人专辑《When The Morning Comes》发行。


Plot.

Two bookies are separately ambushed and murdered by their unseen killers; elsewhere, a young man is killed by a sniper. In a bus terminal, a young man is approached by Goodkat, who tells the story of Max and the Kansas City Shuffle: two decades earlier, Max borrowed money from the mob to bet on a fixed horse race, only for the horse to die mid-race. To set an example to make sure nobody else would try to bet on a fixed race, the mob killed Max, his wife and young son Henry. Goodkat describes the "Kansas City Shuffle", a misleading double bluff, then tricks and kills the young man, taking the body in a truck.  In New York City, Slevin Kelevra is staying in his friend Nick Fisher's apartment and, upon being visited by Nick's neighbor Lindsey, discusses Nick's disappearance and why his apartment was unlocked. Lindsey suggests that Nick may be missing and, after she leaves, Slevin is kidnapped by two henchmen, who take him to "The Boss". Mistaking Slevin for Nick, The Boss orders him to repay a large gambling debt or kill the son of his rival, "The Rabbi"; The Boss believes The Rabbi is responsible for assassinating his son (seen in the intro), and wants The Rabbi's homosexual son, Yitzchok "The Fairy", to be killed in revenge. Slevin returns to the apartment, but is kidnapped again, this time by two of The Rabbi's Jewish henchmen. Like the Boss, The Rabbi also mistakes Slevin for Nick, and also demands he repay a large gambling debt. Slevin tells The Boss he will kill The Fairy. Concurrently with Slevin visiting the mob bosses, it becomes apparent Goodkat is somehow involved in both sides and is responsible for Nick's debts being called in, and that he plans to kill Slevin after The Fairy dies and make it look like they both committed suicide.  Slevin and Lindsey go out to dinner, where Slevin arranges a date with The Fairy. Slevin is approached by Detective Brikowski, who is investigating The Boss and The Rabbi. Birkowski, who used to bet big with one of the murdered bookies, has also been informed that Goodkat is back in town for the first time in twenty years and think there's a connection between The Boss, The Rabbi, Goodkat, and Slevin. The detective hassles him again later and Slevin reveals his full name. Slevin arrives for his date at The Fairy's apartment and fatally shoots him, only for Goodkat to appear. Rather than shoot Slevin, however, Goodkat finishes The Fairy, revealing Slevin and Goodkat are working together. Slevin then brings the bus terminal victim's body, revealed to be Nick Fisher, into the apartment while Goodkat kills The Fairy's bodyguards. Together, they blow up the apartment and the bodies, faking Slevin's death in the process. Goodkat and Slevin kidnap The Boss and The Rabbi, with both awakening restrained in The Boss's penthouse. Slevin appears and explains the overarching twist: Slevin is Henry, the son of the ill-fated Max, and the mobsters who killed Max were The Boss and The Rabbi. Goodkat is revealed as the assassin hired to kill young Henry, who after an attack of conscience took him in and raised him instead.  Slevin reveals after twenty years later, he and Goodkat killed the mobsters' bookies and stole the ledgers in the process. After identifying Nick as owing a great deal of money to both sides, they killed him and stole his identity. Then Slevin murdered The Boss's son in order to get The Boss to contract Goodkat to murder The Rabbi's son in revenge. Goodkat took the contract to kill The Fairy from The Boss and convinced The Rabbi he'd protect The Fairy on the condition they both call in Nick's debts, granting Slevin and Goodkat unhindered access to the heavily guarded mobsters as their ally, under his Nick Fisher alias. After revealing his identity, Slevin suffocates The Rabbi and The Boss by taping plastic bags over their heads, killing them the same way they killed his father. Since Lindsey earlier photographed Goodkat while investigating Nick's disappearance, Goodkat shoots her to protect his identity.  While Burkowski is hunting for Slevin he gets a phone call from his boss and learns the meaning of the pseudonym Slevin Kelevra: "Lucky Number Slevin" was the horse his father had bet on, and "Kelevra" is Hebrew for bad dog, mirroring Goodkat's name. It is revealed that Brikowski murdered Slevin's mother to pay his own gambling debts twenty years ago. As he hears this story Burkowski resigns himself to his fate as Slevin, showing real anger for the first time, appears in Burkowski's backseat and shoots him finishing his masterpiece of revenge.  Sometime later at the bus terminal Slevin is met by Lindsey, and it is revealed that Goodkat's informed Slevin he had to murder Lindsey because she had a picture of him. It's also revealed around the same time that Slevin explained his true identity to Lindsey and helped fake her death. When Goodkat appears, aware of the trickery, Slevin explains he had to save Lindsey and didn't think Goodkat would understand. Since Goodkat had saved Slevin as a boy he states he understood and agrees to leave Lindsey alone. Goodkat gives Slevin back his father's old watch and then disappears into the crowd. Flash back twenty years to when Goodkat first spared young Henry, they drive away and Goodkat turns on the radio to a song titled "Kansas City Shuffle".

Reception.

Box office.

"Lucky Number Slevin" opened in 1,984 theaters in North America and grossed $7,031,921, with an average of $3,544 per theater and ranking #5 at the box office. The film ultimately earned $22,495,466 domestically and $33,813,415 internationally for a total of $56,308,881, above its $27 million budget.

Critical response.

"Lucky Number Slevin" has received mixed reviews., the film holds 52% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 155 reviews, with an average rating of 5.91 out of 10. The critical consensus states "Trying too hard to be clever in a "Pulp Fiction" kind of way, this film succumbs to a convoluted plot, overly-stylized characters and dizzying set design." The film also has a score of 53 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 36 critics indicating mixed or average reviews. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Home media.

The film was released on DVD on September 12, 2006. and on Blu-ray November 8, 2008. To date the film has made $26,877,256 in home video sales, bringing its worldwide total to $83,186,137. This does not include rentals or Blu-ray sales.

Lucky Number Slevin (released as The Wrong Man in Australia) is a 2006 crime thriller film directed by Paul McGuigan, written by Jason Smilovic, and starring Josh Hartnett, Bruce Willis, Lucy Liu, Stanley Tucci, Morgan Freeman, and Ben Kingsley.

《幸运数字斯莱文》(英语:Lucky Number Slevin)是2006年一部犯罪惊悚电影,导演为保罗·麦格根,编剧为詹森·斯米洛维奇,主演为乔什·哈奈特、布鲁斯·威利斯、刘玉玲、史丹利·图奇、摩根·弗里曼和本·金斯利。


History.

2001–2005: Formation and pre-debut activities.

Before becoming KAT-TUN, each member belonged to different trainee units within Johnny & Associates. In 2001, eight members were chosen to become a temporary dancing unit in order to support Koichi Domoto in the NHK music program, "Pop Jam". The eight members were switched around before it officially became KAT-TUN, with the current three members plus Jin Akanishi, Koki Tanaka and Junnosuke Taguchi. Although the formation was only meant to be a temporary support unit, KAT-TUN gained a great deal of attention and became a solid unit.  In 2002, in response to many requests, KAT-TUN held their first concert called, for which 550,000 people tried to get tickets. That same year, they performed eleven shows in a single day. This is the current record in Japan for the most performances in one day. Since then, KAT-TUN has held concerts in Japan almost every season.  In 2003-2004, their popularity rose to that of a debuted group, to the point where they performed on Music Station multiple times before debuting. In 2005, KAT-TUN released their first major DVD,, which topped the "Oricon" yearly chart for the best-selling DVD. At the 20th Japan Gold Disc Awards, "Live Kaizokuban" placed on the Music Video Of The Year list.

2006: Debut and "Real Face".

On March 22, KAT-TUN released their debut single "Real Face", accompanied by an album, "Best of KAT-TUN" and a DVD "Real Face Film". These were released on their own label J-One Records. The group also went on a nationwide tour, "Live of KAT-TUN "Real Face"", in support of the album. Within the first week, "Best of KAT-TUN", "Real Face" and "Real Face Film" topped all three "Oricon" weekly charts by selling 556,548 copies, 754,234 copies and 374,202 copies respectively. They became the second artists to do so, the first being Ayumi Hamasaki. With these numbers, KAT-TUN holds the record for the highest weekly single debut sales (previously held by Arashi with their debut single "Arashi" of 557,000 copies sold in 1999). In addition, "Real Face" topped the "Oricon" charts for three weeks straight, becoming the first debut single to do so in Japan in 8 years 8 months since KinKi Kids' debut single "Garasu no Shōnen." The single sold over a million copies in nine weeks, making "Real Face" the highest selling single for the year 2006.  In March 2006, KAT-TUN became the first group to hold their own performances in Japan's most popular stadium, Tokyo Dome, before debuting. They performed to 110,000 people over two days and about 630,000 people in total during the tour. About three months after releasing "Real Face", KAT-TUN released their second single, "Signal", on July 19.  On October 12, member Akanishi announced a hiatus from the group in order to study linguistics abroad in the United States, leaving KAT-TUN as a five-member group for six months. The remaining members continued activities by releasing their third single, "Bokura no Machi de" as the theme song to members Kamenashi and Tanaka's drama, "Tatta Hitotsu no Koi" and their second album, "Cartoon KAT-TUN II You" on December 7.  KAT-TUN is the first group in Japan to have all three singles from debut to exceed 500,000 in yearly sales, taking first, fifth and thirteenth place on the Oricon yearly singles chart.

2007: "Cartoon KAT-TUN II You".

Under the same name as their second album, KAT-TUN started their second nationwide tour, "Tour 2007 Cartoon KAT-TUN II You", still without Akanishi, on April 3. The next day, KAT-TUN began to host their own variety show "Cartoon KAT-TUN", which aired every Wednesday from 11:55 p.m. to 12:26 a.m.  Akanishi returned to Japan on April 19 and officially resumed work activities on April 20. Akanishi joined the rest of KAT-TUN during their tour on April 21 in Sendai for the encore, marking his official return to KAT-TUN.  On June 6, KAT-TUN released their fourth single, "Yorokobi no Uta", as the theme song to Tanaka's drama, "Tokkyu Tanaka 3 Go".  On November 21, they simultaneously released their fifth single, "Keep the Faith", as the theme song to members Akanishi and Taguchi's drama, "Yukan Club", and the DVD to their "Tokyo Dome Live of KAT-TUN "Real Face"" concert. The DVD marked their fifth consecutive release topping the Oricon musical DVD chart, and set the opening week record for the year. KAT-TUN took the annual number one position on the Oricon musical DVD charts for the third time in a row with the release.  After KinKi Kids, KAT-TUN is the second artist to have all singles since debut to exceed 300,000 in sales during their first week.

2008: "Queen of Pirates".

KAT-TUN released 'Lips', the theme song to Kamenashi's drama based on the manga "One Pound Gospel", as their sixth single on February 6. The single topped at number one on the Oricon charts.  KAT-TUN released their seventh single "Don't U Ever Stop" on May 14, which topped the weekly "Oricon" chart. On May 15, during the MC segment promoting "Don't U Ever Stop" on Music Station, Kamenashi announced that two shows had been added to their Tokyo Dome tour dates, resulting in a total of four consecutive days at the Dome. This marked a historic event in the Dome's history, as KAT-TUN became the first Japanese artist to hold four consecutive days at the stadium since it opened in 1988. Other Japanese artists, such as SMAP, X Japan and Ayumi Hamasaki have had three consecutive days at the Dome. The Rolling Stones and Michael Jackson have played multiple days at the Dome, but they were not consecutive.  On June 4, KAT-TUN released their third album, "".  On December 3, KAT-TUN released "White X'mas", their first Christmas single.  On December 21, it was announced that KAT-TUN would release a new single "One Drop" as a tie-in theme song to Kamenashi's new drama, Kami no Shizuku, just two months after their "White X'mas" single. The release consisted of three versions: Limited Edition w/DVD, Regular Edition (First Press) and a Regular Edition.

2010: International activities, Akanishi's departure and "No More Pain".

On February 10, KAT-TUN released their first single since March 2009, which was used for Kamenashi's live-action drama adaptation of Tomoko Hayakawa's manga series "Yamato Nadeshiko Shichi Henge", which premiered January 15 on TBS. The single, "Love Yourself (Kimi ga Kirai na Kimi ga Suki)", debuted at number one on the Oricon weekly singles chart, resulting in KAT-TUN's eleventh consecutive number one single since their debut. It became KAT-TUN's first single to sell more than 350,000 copies in its first week since the May 2008 release of their single "Don't U Ever Stop", which sold more than 381,000 copies in its first week.  On March 24, Johnny & Associates announced that KAT-TUN would go on their first Asia concert tour as a five-member group while Akanishi held his own solo concerts in the United States, making him the first Johnny's artist to perform solo in the United States. KAT-TUN is set to have their Asia Tour from early May to late August and although the majority of the concerts will be held in Japan, KAT-TUN will also be heading to Bangkok on July 31, Seoul from August 6 to 7, and Taipei from August 27 to 28; other sources say that a Hawaii concert is also being considered. Due to his absence from KAT-TUN's Asia concert tour and single promotions, Akanishi did not participate in the recording of KAT-TUN's twelfth single "Going!" set for release on May 12. Due to the political unrest in Thailand, Johnny & Associates announced on May 15 that KAT-TUN's concert in Bangkok would be indefinitely postponed.  KAT-TUN released their first 2010 album, "No More Pain", on June 16 in two versions: a limited and regular edition that both include solo songs by each member. The limited edition contains thirteen songs and a bonus DVD with the PVs and making-of's the album's songs while the regular edition contains a bonus track.  Johnny & Associates announced on July 17 that Akanishi would leave the group in late 2010 to pursue a solo career while the rest of the members would continue to work as a five-member group. On July 21, Akanishi himself confirmed through the official Johnny's mobile site, Johnny's Web, that he would leave KAT-TUN to focus on his solo career, although he had not appeared on any event to his fans until October.  KAT-TUN continued as a group of five. On August 28, the last day of their World Big Tour 2010, KAT-TUN revealed their 2011 tour plan to celebrate their fifth anniversary by performing at industrial complexes in five cities in Japan and expanding its overseas tour to five different countries including Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, China, and Hawaii. The Hawaii concert would make them the first Johnny artist to hold a concert in Hawaii. The World Big Tour is where former member Tanaka Koki gave the name "hyphens" to the fans, saying that the fans unite KAT-TUN together.  On October 13, KAT-TUN announced the release of their new single, "Change Ur World", which was KAT-TUN's 13th single and the first single after Akanishi's official departure, was released on November 17. The single debuted at number one on the Oricon weekly singles chart for selling 230,829 copies, resulting in KAT-TUN's thirteenth consecutive number one single since their debut plus all of their 13 singles sold over 200,000 copies in the first week.  On December 29, KAT-TUN released KAT-TUN -NO MORE PAIИ- WORLD TOUR 2010 DVD, featuring their last day in Japan leg of their successful World Big Tour 2010 at Kyocera Dome and more concert footages from their Korea and Taiwan legs.

2011: 5th anniversary.

The group announced a release of their 14th single on 2010s Christmas Eve, "Ultimate Wheels" on February 2, 2011 along with a tie-in CM of Suzuki Solio car that the group endorsed. On January 6, KAT-TUN announced its plan of KAT-TUN Live Tour 2011 during May to October. The tour includes the 5 big dome tour at Sapporo Dome, Tokyo Dome, Nagoya Dome, Yahoo Dome in Fukuoka, and Kyocera Dome in Osaka and a special live event in Kawasaki on July 17–19. KAT-TUN will become the fourth Johnny group to be able to conquer the 5 big domes in Japan after SMAP, KinKi Kids and Arashi. After October, the group will start their Asia Tour that includes Thailand, Taiwan, and Korea. "Ultimate Wheels" became their 14th straight No.1 single since their debut. The total number of copies sold in the first week was over 180,000 copies, reported by Oricon. Early March, KAT-TUN announced three new songs in three days, including "Perfect" for Kamenashi's new Aoki TV commercial, "White" for a Sofina commercial, and "Diamond" as the theme song of NTV telecasts of Yomiuri Giants baseball games.  It was announced on March 29 that Johnny's Company would start a new charity project called Marching J, a fundraising project for the Tohoku earthquake victims. The first part of the project started as an event held from April 1 through April 3. From the company, SMAP, Tokio, KinKi Kids, V6, Arashi, Tackey and Tsubasa, NEWS, Kanjani8, KAT-TUN, Hey! Say! JUMP and some of Johnny's Juniors participated in this first event. The first event will be held in Tokyo, in front of the first Yoyogi gymnasium. Groups took turns according to their schedule and will have a talk session in front of the fans, also calling out for donations for the earthquake victims. And due to this disaster, all the planned events to celebrate KAT-TUN's 5th debut anniversary were canceled.  On May 18, KAT-TUN's 15th single, "White", was released with "Perfect" as its coupling song. By this time, they also announced another two new songs, "Cosmic Child" for a Wing TV commercial, and "Run For You" for a New Suzuki Solio commercial. On May 29, KAT-TUN with all its five members joined another Marching J project, "Johnny's Charity Baseball Tournament" with other Johnny artists and juniors at Tokyo Dome, in which the ticket sales would be donated for Japan's earthquake and tsunami victims.  It was announced in mid-June that members Kazuya Kamenashi, Koki Tanaka and Yuichi Nakamaru would star in this year's "Dream Boy" musicals as the leads, shows will commence from September 3 to 25.  On September 8, 2011, it was confirmed that KAT-TUN would host a new TV show titled "KAT-TUN no Zettai Manetaku Naru TV", their first show since "Cartoon KAT-TUN" ended in March 2010. The new show began airing on October 18 on NTV. During the broadcast of the first episode, it was revealed that the show will only air for a limited time until the end of December 2011 with a total of 10 episodes. On September 30, 2011, KAT-TUN announced their 17th single "Birth" as the soundtrack to Kamenashi Kazuya's drama "Youkai Ningen Bem" would have been released on November 30. "Birth" became their 17th straight No.1 single on the Oricon's weekly chart since their debut.

2012: "Chain".

KAT-TUN began their new year with an extreme special TV show titled "KAT-TUN no Sekaiichi Dame Yoru Ni", a one-off show broadcast on the night of January 1 on TBS. A few weeks later they announced the release of their sixth album, titled "Chain", scheduled for release on February 22. On January 13, KAT-TUN endorsed the mobile game site Entag which used KAT-TUN's album track "Smile for You" as the commercial song and the first-ever KAT-TUN animation, "Ai wa KAT-TUN", voiced by KAT-TUN themselves, was launched on The Entag site for a limited period. On February 11, they kicked off their nationwide tour "KAT-TUN Live Tour 2012 Chain". This tour covered 12 cities, including Sendai. The tour started in Niigata and will end in Sendai. They will become the first Johnnys group to perform in the affected areas after the earthquake and tsunami disaster. Music Station presented on Jan 13 with a special report for the 'Most Powerful Group BEST 20' which listed the Top 20 most powerful groups of all-time in terms of physical single and album sales, KAT-TUN was listed at number 16 with their five-year debut, 17 singles and 5 albums, together they have sold over 8,450,000 records. Music Station hints to this ranking included the debut single 'Real Face' which became 2006's number 1 selling single and how they managed to hold 8 consecutive concerts at Tokyo Dome. Among the groups in Top 20, KAT-TUN is apparently the newest group on the list.  KAT-TUN's 6th studio album, "CHAIN", reached No.1 on Oricon album ranking on March 5, making them the first male artist in history to have six consecutive No.1 albums ever since the debut. KAT-TUN broke the record for the first time in 24 years and 10 months. On March 8, it was announced that the second episode of "KAT-TUN no Sekaiichi Dame Yoru Ni" will be aired on April 3.  Official confirmations for the upcoming 2012 shows for Johnny's long-running "Dream Boys" musicals were released, and once again member Kamenashi reprises his role as the main lead for the musical. According to confirmation, the shows will begin in September. On April 20–22, KAT-TUN performed at Tokyo Dome as parts of their LIVE TOUR 2012 CHAIN tour. According to news reports, KAT-TUN's original idea "Flash-Tree" spotlights was introduced for the first time in Johnny and also Tokyo Dome's 25m moving stage was the longest in Johnny's history.  On June 27, KAT-TUN released its 18th single "To The Limit", which was used as a tie-up song for Suzuki Solio Bandit CM. On June 29 Music Station reported that KAT-TUN ranked as No.10 best-selling Heisei era's idol with the total sales of 6,661,293 copies from 17 singles. In early August it was announced that KAT-TUN's "Sekaiichi Dame Yoru Ni" TV special will be turned into a regular show due to the success of the previous 2 special episodes. The regular show was renamed KAT-TUN Sekaiichi dame na yoru! and began airing on August 24 on TBS.  KAT-TUN's 19th single "Fumetsu no Scrum" which was used as the theme song for Kanjani8 member Yasuda Shota's drama Dragon Seinendan, was released on September 12 and sold around 157,000 copies within its first week of release, this gives KAT-TUN their 19th consecutive #1 single since their debut in 2006. In November, KAT-TUN achieved their 9th consecutive no.1 music-DVD, and 8th no.1 overall DVD with their live DVD, "KAT-TUN LIVE TOUR 2012 CHAIN TOKYO DOME." The latter achievement puts them at 3rd place among male groups who have done the most no.1 overall DVDs in history after B'z and Mr.Children.

2013: Tanaka Koki's departure.

"Expose" sold 155,000 copies in the first weeks. With this single, their number of consecutive singles topping the chart has reached 20. KAT-TUN is the second artist to top the singles chart for 20 consecutive singles since the debut. It was only achieved by their senior KinKi Kids 8 years and a month ago with “Anniversary”.  In October 2013, Koki Tanaka was removed from the band and the talent agency for having violated his contract, leaving KAT-TUN as a four-man ensemble.  The mini album "Kusabi" was released on November 27, 2013, on J-Storm. The title track "Kusabi" was used as the theme song for the drama "Henshin Interviewer no Yūutsu" starring KAT-TUN member Yuichi Nakamaru and actress Fumino Kimura, while "Gimme Luv" was used in a Suzuki Solio Bandit television commercial. "Kusabi" debuted at the number one spot top the Oricon weekly album chart, selling approximately 168,000 copies in its first week of release. The album is KAT-TUN's seventh consecutive album to achieve number one, putting them in a tie with singer Hikaru Utada for most consecutive album number ones in Oricon chart history.

2014: "Come Here".

"In Fact" was their 22nd single released on June 4, 2014 under the label J-One Records. The title track "In Fact" was the main theme song for the TV drama series "First Class". In Fact debuted at the number one spot top the Oricon weekly single chart, selling over 146,000 copies in its first week of release. With this, KAT-TUN achieved their 22nd consecutive No.1 with their 22nd single.  On June 25, "Come Here" album was released and KAT-TUN became the first artist in history to have 8 consecutive No.1 albums since debut according to Oricon.

2015: "Dead or Alive" single and Taguchi Junnosuke's departure.

"Dead or Alive" was released on January 21, 2015 and it debuted at the number one spot on the Oricon weekly single chart, selling over 192,000 copies in its first week of release. With this, KAT-TUN has then achieved their 23rd consecutive No.1 with their 23rd single. They are currently behind KinKi Kids who are with 34 consecutive No.1 singles since debut.  On November 24, 2015, before their performance at Best Artist, Junnosuke Taguchi surprised the audience by announcing that he had decided to quit not only KAT-TUN but also from Johnny's Entertainment and that he would retire from the industry by Spring the following year.

2016: 10th anniversary and Hiatus.

KAT-TUN released two more singles as a four-member group entitled "Tragedy" on February 10, 2016 followed by "Unlock" on March 2, 2016, both of which had reached number 1 in Oricon chart in their first week. A compilation album entitled ""KAT-TUN 10th Anniversary BEST 10Ks"" and a 3-Dome Tour entitled ""KAT-TUN 10th Anniversary LIVE TOUR 10Ks"" were announced by the three remaining members through their official website. They also announced that the group activities of KAT-TUN will be on a temporary, indefinite hiatus (or so-called "recharging period") starting on May 1, 2016, as each member will focus more on their solo projects and works. ′′"KAT-TUN 10th Anniversary BEST “10Ks”"′′ album was then released on March 22, 2016 (the same date with their debut album released back in 2006) and has reached number 1 in the Oricon chart in its first week. On August 17, 2016, KAT-TUN released the DVD for KAT-TUN 10TH ANNIVERSARY LIVE TOUR"10Ks!” and it reached the number one spot in the Oricon Chart as well.

2017: Recharging Period and Start of Individual Projects.

While the group activities are temporarily on hold, each member had their own individual projects, apart from the regular TV programs where they were regulars individually. All had been part or starred in different dramas, movies and theatrical plays and all three also had the chance to perform in a concert and stage shows.

2018: End of Recharging Period and Resume of Group Activities.

On January 1, 2018 on the annual Johnny's Countdown, a big surprise had been announced and that KAT-TUN had finally resumed their group activities. The group sang their debut song, Real Face, which was then followed by their new song "Ask Yourself" which will be the main theme song for Kamenashi's drama this January. After the performance, the group also announced that concert dates had been decided, which would be happening on April 20–22, 2018. The group later announced they would be releasing "CAST" on 18 July, their first original album in four years.

Other activities.

TV shows.

KAT-TUN had regularly appeared on NHK's Johnny's Jr. show Shounen Club and became the regular hosts and leaders of the show until 2006 when they made their official debut. They also became part of other variety programs like "Minna no Terebi" and "KAT-TUNx3". KAT-TUN even became special supporters for the "FIVB World Grand Champions Cup" in 2005, wherein their song "Gloria" served as its theme song.  From 2005 to January 2007, KAT-TUN was a regular participant in the variety show "Utawara Hot Hit 10" with Jun Matsumoto. From October 8, 2006, members Tanaka Koki & Nakamaru Yuichi hosted the show YouTachi! YOUたち! together, until the show ended on September 30, 2007.  From April 4, 2007, KAT-TUN then began hosting their own talk show "Cartoon KAT-TUN" every Wednesday until March 24, 2010, comprising a total of 152 episodes. This was their last regular show as a 6-member group.  After becoming a 5-member group, their next TV show titled "KAT-TUN no Zettai Manetaku Naru TV" began on October 18, 2011 on NTV and lasted only for a total of 10 episodes, with the show's finale on December 20, 2011.  KAT-TUN then also had a one-off TV special titled "KAT-TUN no Sekaiichi Dame Yoru Ni" which was aired on the night of January 1, 2012 on TBS. It was soon followed by another special episode on April 3, 2012. Following the success of the two special episodes of the show, it became KAT-TUN's third regular TV show. The show was then renamed as "KAT-TUN Sekaiichi Dame na Yoru!" and began airing from August 24, 2012 until December 28, 2012.  On January 11, 2014, after becoming a four-man group, KAT-TUN became guests for a special program titled "KAT-TUN Sekaiichi Tame ni Naru Tabi" where they traveled to Okinawa (for two episodes), Aomori, Hokkaido and Kumamoto. The 5-part special became a success that the show was soon confirmed to become another regular show for KAT-TUN, retaining the same title of the program. The first episode aired on April 17, 2015 and lasted until the 42nd episode on March 25, 2016.  In 2014, KAT-TUN also became the main hosts for the "Shounen Club Premium", replacing Taichi Kokubun from TOKIO. Their stint as the show's main hosts started from April 2014 until March 2016. Another Johnny's group NEWS then replaced them as the hosts of the show.

Radio.

The group has had three different radio shows, each hosted by different members and all have aired for several years.  Former members Jin Akanishi, Koki Tanaka and Junnosuke Taguchi hosted "KAT-TUN Style" together from April 2006 until March 2012. Yuichi Nakamaru and Tatsuya Ueda hosted "R-One KAT-TUN" every Tuesday from 12am – 12:30am.  Kazuya Kamenashi had his own radio show called "Kamenashi Kazuya - Kase by Kase" until it ended on September 20. He has a new radio show called "Kamenashi Kazuya - Hang Out" and currently airs every Saturday from 10:20am – 10:50am.  Taguchi Junnosuke also had his own radio show called "Tag-tune driving" and a radio show together with Yuichi Nakamaru called "KAT-TUN no Gatsūn" from April 2012 and ended in March 2016.

Musicals.

As a group, KAT-TUN has appeared in Koichi Domoto's "Shock" musical, "Summary of Johnnys World" with NEWS and Ya-ya-yah and Johnny's long-running "Dream Boys" musicals from 2004 to 2006.  Since 2004, member Kazuya Kamenashi has played the lead role in "Dream Boys" musicals consecutively each year, after senior Hideaki Takizawa handed down the role to Kamenashi. Kamenashi and fellow KAT-TUN member Koki Tanaka paired up to play the lead roles for the shows held in 2007 and 2008. The pair collaborated once again as the leads for the 2011 shows alongside fellow KAT-TUN member Yuichi Nakamaru. The 2012 shows for the musical began in September, and once again Kamenashi reprised his role as the lead for the musical.

Concerts.

Since their first concert in 2002, granted after overwhelming numbers of fan requests to Johnny's, KAT-TUN regularly holds concerts during almost every season of the year in Japan. This has helped them gain more popularity with their fans. It was considered remarkable for a Johnny's group which had not yet officially debuted to be able to hold its own concerts.  KAT-TUN was the first Japanese artist to perform for four days in a row at Tokyo Dome during their "Queen of Pirates" tour. The following year, they broke their own record becoming the first artists ever to perform for eight consecutive days at Tokyo Dome during their "Break The Records: By You & For You 2009" tour. Now, Johnny & Associates submitted this new record to Guinness Book of World Records for KAT-TUN to be recognized as the Japanese boy band who broke the records in Tokyo Dome performances.  The group (excluding Jin Akanishi) held their biggest ever concert tour in 2010 titled "KAT-TUN -NO MORE PAIИ- WORLD TOUR 2010" which consisted of concerts in many major cities across Japan. The tour also included concerts held in Taiwan and Korea; the first time the group has ever toured outside Japan for their official concerts. Although during their pre-debut years, KAT-TUN had on several occasions toured overseas with their senior groups, while they were still Johnny Jrs.  Their nationwide tour for 2012 titled "KAT-TUN LIVE TOUR 2012 CHAIN" began in Nagiita on Feb 11, they toured 12 cities across Japan including Sendai; which was one of the worst affected areas by the Tohoku earthquake & tsunami disaster back in March 2011.

Commercials.

KAT-TUN regularly appeared in TV commercials to endorse for NTT docomo, SKY PerfecTV!, Rohto and Lotte from 2005 to 2009.  Since 2010, member Kazuya Kamenashi endorses Panasonic's Lamdash shaver and DOLTZ electric toothbrush, and AOKI 3D slim suits. Kamenashi also endorses KIRIN's 'Gogo no Kocha' tea since March 2012, and is endorsing SOURS Gummies since early 2013.  Since early 2011, the group together has endorsed Suzuki's 'SOLIO' car, and has sung commercial theme songs for Sofina and Wing products. The group are also currently endorsing the mobile game site entag!.

Events.

On August 26–27, 2006 KAT-TUN members were the main personality supporters for the NTV telethon "24 Hour Television: Love Saves the Earth" charity program.

In 2010, Akanishi left the group to start a solo career, making the group's acronym then come from KAmenashi, Taguchi, Tanaka, Ueda, and Nakamaru, and the group toured with five members. In 2013, Tanaka's contract was terminated for several violations, leaving KAT-TUN as a four-man ensemble, and Tatsuya Ueda took the T to keep the acronym. By the end of March 2016, Taguchi left both the group and the agency, leaving KAT-TUN with only three remaining members.

KAT-TUN是日本杰尼斯事务所旗下的艺人组合;于2001年3月16日组成,2006年3月22日正式发行CD出道。