Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro

天主教卡加延-德奥罗总教区

History.

During the Spanish era only the Province of Misamis existed, which included the present Provinces of Misamis Oriental and Misamis Occidental, and was handled by the civil government from Cebu. The Recollect Missionaries arrived from Cebu and started a mission in the province. A civil government of its own started only in 1901, and because one part of it was separated from the main by Iligan Bay, the government decided to divide the province into two. Misamis Oriental is the bigger portion. Today the Diocesan Cathedral is one of the 12 Cathedrals that was founded by the Order of Augustinian Recollects in the Philippines.  Before 1865, the whole of Mindanao island and Sulu were part of the Diocese of Cebu. In 1865 the western half of Mindanao came under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Jaro in Panay. Then Pope Leo XIII established the Diocese of Zamboanga, separating it from Jaro and making it the first diocese in Mindanao. But it was Pope Pius X who executed this in 1910. Thus from 1910 Cagayan de Oro City became part of the Diocese of Zamboanga.  It was only after forty-five years, in 1910, that the diocese of Zamboanga was established as the first diocese ever created in the entire island. Then, twenty-five years after in 1933, Pope Pius XI in a Papal Bull entitled “Ad maius religionis” divided Mindanao between the diocese of Zamboanga in the south and a new diocese that of Cagayan de Oro in the north, to which he appointed an American Jesuit, James Hayes, as the first bishop.  The original territory of the diocese of Cagayan de Oro in 1933 included the provinces of Surigao, Agusan, Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Lanao and the island of Camiguin. A series of divisions however, gradually reduced this territory.  During the episcopacy of Bishop Hayes, in 1933, he founded two secondary schools, later raised to colleges – Lourdes College for Girls (run by the RVM Sisters) and the Ateneo de Cagayan for Boys (run by the Jesuits and raised to University status as Xavier University in 1958).  It was in the thirteenth year of the Pontificate of Pope Pius XII, on the 29th of June 1951, when the Papal Bull, Quo Phillipina Republica, was decreed in order to serve better and more easily the spiritual needs of the Lord’s flock in the Philippine Republic. The bull contained the Pope’s decision to create new Dioceses and to constitute new Ecclesiastical Provinces in the Philippines. The Dioceses of Lingayen, Caceres, Nueva Segovia, Tuguegarao, Legaspi, Sorsogon, and the Prelature Nullius of Batanes and Babuyanes, as well as the Dioceses Bacolod, Cagayan, Capiz, Jaro or Santa Isabel, Surigao, Zamboanga, and the Prelature Nullius of Cotabato and Sulu, Davao and Ozamis, were withdrawn from the Metropolitan Archbishoprics of Manila and Cebu. From these Dioceses, four new Ecclesiastical Provinces were constituted, namely, Nueva Segovia, Caceres, Jaro, and Cagayan de Oro. The Episcopal seats of these dioceses were elevated to the rank and dignity of Metropolitan Archbishops. Bishop James G. Hayes, S.J., became the Metropolitan Archbishop. Later, the Apostolic Prefecture of Sulu, the Prelature Nullius of Marbel, the Prelature Nullius of Tagum, the Diocese of Butuan, the Prelature Nullius of Malaybalay, the Prelature Nullius of Iligan and the Diocese of Tandag became suffragans of the Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro.  Eventually four other archdioceses were established in Mindanao island: Zamboanga in 1958, Davao in 1970, Cotabato in 1979 and Ozamiz in 1983. Thus there are at present five ecclesiastical provinces in Mindanao.  In 1952, the first Columban missionaries arrived in Cagayan de Oro as a response to the Archbishop’s invitation because he felt the dearth of priests who would care for his flock. In 1956, in order to respond to the growing number of priests in the diocese, the San Jose de Mindanao Seminary was opened with Fr. Theodore A. Daigler, SJ, as its first rector. In 1958, the Maria Reyna Hospital was opened and directed by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres.  After long years of service to the people of Cagayan de Oro and with so much effort to put up the foundations of the Archdiocese since his arrival in 1926, Archbishop Hayes, the modest and humble shepherd of Cagayan de Oro for almost half a century, retired in 1971.  On January 12, 1971, Patrick Cronin,an Irish Columban Missionary, formerly Prelate Ordinary of Ozamis and Iligan was installed as Archbishop of the Ecclesiastical Province of Cagayan de Oro replacing Archbishop Hayes who had just retired. He continued what Archbishop Hayes had begun. In 1976, through the initiatives of the Archbishop, the House of Friendship located amidst the slum areas of Sto. Nino, Cagayan de Oro City, was opened in order to cater to the needs of the orphans, neglected children, aged, unwed mothers, physically handicapped, refugees, stranded persons, transient indigents, and victims of calamities. At the age of 74 and after serving the people of Cagayan de Oro with utmost love and care, Archbishop Cronin retired due to old age and settled at St. Patrick’s House, Seminary Hill, which he intentionally built as a retirement home and at the same time a home for the aged, sick, and incapacitated diocesan priests of the Archdiocese. To date, priests get together on Mondays for games, meetings, and prayers at St. Patrick’s House.  The Holy Father, Pope John Paul II, accepted his resignation as Archbishop of the Ecclesiastical Province of Cagayan de Oro. The resignation took effect on January 5, 1988. Jesus B. Tuquib, a native from Clarin, Bohol, who had been the Coadjutor Archbishop took over the office and functions of Archbishop Cronin on that day until the year 2006. On the 30th day of May 2006 Antonio J. Ledesma was installed as the fourth Archbishop of Cagayan de Oro. Previously, he was Bishop of the Prelature of Ipil in southwestern Mindanao from 1996 to 2006.  There are 46 diocesan priests manning the 46 parishes within the jurisdiction of the archdiocese, helped by two Jesuit and five Columban priests. Six others are doing non-parochial work and 3 others are in retirement. The rest of the Jesuits are in Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan or in the major seminary, and the rest of the Columbans, apart from the five involved in parish work, are in their procure house doing various apostolates such as hospital work and other activities. There are 18 religious institutes of women, one of which is a contemplative institute, the Carmelite nuns.  The archdiocese has its own diocesan college seminary, the San Jose de Mindanao Seminary that opened in 1955. It was constructed by Archbishop Hayes, was first administered by the Jesuits, then by Columban priests, and now by the diocesan clergy.  Also within the archdiocese is a theology seminary - the St. John Vianney Theological Seminary, which is mainly for seminarians of the Ecclesiastical Metro Cagayan de Oro. This was started by Archbishop Cronin and finished by Archbishop Tuquib. It opened in 1985.

The Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro (Latin: "Archidioecesis Cagayana") is an archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines. It is a metropolitan see on the island of Mindanao which comprises the civil provinces of Misamis Oriental, Camiguin and the municipality of Malitbog, Bukidnon. Today, it is headed by Archbishop Antonio J. Ledesma, S.J and its seat is located at Saint Augustine Metropolitan Cathedral in Cagayan de Oro City.

天主教卡加延-德奥罗总教区(),是罗马天主教会以菲律宾南部棉兰老岛北部城市卡加延-德奥罗为中心的一个总主教区,包括东米萨米斯省、甘米银省和布基农省一个市。下辖四个教区。


History.

The Castellers de Vilafranca cultural association was founded in September 1948 by Oriol Rossell, who became the first cap de colla (Leader/Technical Manager of the group). The group successfully started with seven-level towers, and also forged close relationships with casteller groups in other towns. The first caps de colla were Oriol Rossell (1948–1952) and Ramon Sala (1953–1955). The group originally wore rose-coloured shirts, and subsequently, red ones. In 1956, the group became almost inactive due to internal disagreements and disputes. In 1957, it reorganized and elected to wear green shirts, which is still the distinctive colour used by the group today. From 1957 to 1968, seven-level towers were the norm, and the cinc de set was the highest tower achieved. From 1969 to 1974, the group improved considerably, building the first towers in the eight-level category: the torre de Set, quatre de vuit, tres de vuit, pilar de sis, and the torre de vuit amb folre. In 1972, the group won the Concurs de castells de Tarragona, the Human Towers Competition held biennially in Tarragona city in the south of Catalonia. During those years, the caps de colla were Josep Pedrol (1957–1959), Carles Domènech (1960–1961), Joan Bolet (1962–1963), Gabi Martínez (1964–1969), Lluís Giménez (1970–1973) and Gabi Martínez, again (1974).  In 1975, the group went through major internal restructuring, shifting from the very personal and almost-exclusive leadership of the cap de colla to management of the technical side of tower-building by a consensual team. 1981 brought with it more internal changes, and it was decided that team members would no longer be individually paid. This provoked a division in the group. From 1975 to 1982, eight-level towers were performed frequently but with difficulties. In 1983 and 1984, the group regained its strength in this category and, in 1985, it built the first cinc de vuit. This landmark achievement proved merely to be a milestone on the way to even more impressive nine-level towers. In 1987, the first tres and quatre de nou amb folre (carregat) arrived, and in 1989 the first completely successful tres de nou amb folre (descarregat) was achieved. Similar success came in 1990 with the first quatre de nou amb folre (descarregat). The cap de colla between 1975 and 1994 was Carles Domènech.  Between 1995 and 2004, the group enjoyed its most successful years to date. During this period, the highest and most difficult towers were achieved: descarregats (completely and successfully dismantled) the torre de nou amb folre i manilles, pilar de set amb folre, pilar de vuit amb folre i manilles (the first one in the 20th century), quatre de vuit amb l’agulla (the first one in the 20th century), quatre de nou amb folre i l’agulla (the first one in human tower history), cinc de nou amb folre, and tres and quatre de nou amb folre built simultaneously (the first - and only - time in human tower history). There were other successes, too. As for towers that were “only” carregats (reached the top but collapsed afterwards): the torre de vuit (the first one in the 20th century); quatre de nou, and the tres de deu amb folre i manilles (the first one in human towers history). The group also won the Tarragona Human Towers Competition in 1996, 1998, 2002, 2004 and 2006. In 2005 Castellers de Vilafranca achieved the torre de nou amb folre, which is considered the most difficult tower ever done by any group to date.  Francesc Moreno "Melilla" was the cap de colla between 1995 and 2003, and Lluís Esclassans from 2004 to 2007. David Miret was elected the new cap de colla in December 2007.

"Castells" achieved.

Castellers de Vilafranca have achieved in their history most of the constructions that have been seen in any performance. You will find below the detailed list of human constructions and the date in which they were topped or dismantled for the first time :

Organization.

According to the general organization of the group, management is divided into two main bodies - a technical one (Technical Committee or simply called la Tècnica), and an administrative one (Board Committee).  The Technical Committee is in charge of all aspects of human tower construction. The cap de colla has the most responsibility as he is the head of the tower-building side of the association. He is advised, supported and helped by a team composed of the sotscap de colla (vice-cap de colla) and two technical advisors. Three other teams depend on this core: the canalla team (responsible for the kids that crown the towers), the pinyes, folres and manilles team (responsible for the first, second and third bases), and the medical team. Each of them is also responsible for logistics, technical information and physical training, respectively.  The Board Committee is in charge of the administration of the group. While it oversees and manages the group’s assets, the committee members' primary responsibility is to represent the group externally to the community, the media and other organizations. Within the board, the president has the most responsibility. The secretary and the five vice-presidents are answerable to him, and each of them is responsible for a specific area: social activities, treasurer, liaising with the public authorities, maintenance of Cal Figarot and marketing and media. The group also has three advisory councils: international relations, legal service and a council of elders.

Cal Figarot, the group's headquarters.

Cal Figarot is the group's headquarters. The neogothic-style building, built by August Font de Carreres at the end of the 19th century, was acquired in 1983. An adjacent warehouse was bought in 1998, and both buildings were renovated to better suit the group's needs. The warehouse has an interior open space of 600 square metres. The most important space is the courtyard, where the training sessions take place.

Castellers de Vilafranca in the world.

The Castellers de Vilafranca have been one most international human tower group. They have performed in: The Castellers de Vilafranca have also spread the human tower tradition in the Països Catalans (territories in which the varieties of Catalan are traditionally spoken):

Victories in Tarragona's Human Towers Competition.

Castellers de Vilafranca have won the Concurs de castells de Tarragona (Human Towers Competition) eight times:

The Castellers de Vilafranca () is a cultural and sporting association whose main objective is to build castells (human towers). It has the status of a public-interest association. The group was founded in 1948 in response to the increased interest in human tower building in Vilafranca del Penedès, a Catalan tradition that has evolved since the 18th century Ball de Valencians, a dance from Valencia.

维拉弗兰卡城堡人()是一个加泰罗尼亚文化和体育性的团体,其成立主要目的是推动具有传统文化气息的叠人塔运动。


Plot.

In 1991, Hong Kong police inspector Wong Chi-shing meets his informant, Hon Sam. At the same time, Lau Kin-ming, Hon's prospective mole within the Royal Hong Kong Police Force, assassinates Sam's triad boss, Ngai Kwun. Lau is later greeted by Sam's wife, Mary, who casually ascertains whether he has any reservations about his mission for Sam. While giving him cash, Mary advises Lau to maintain a low profile. She also confesses that she was the person who ordered the hit on Ngai Kwun, admitting that Sam has no knowledge of this transgression and urges Lau to remain silent. Mary wants Sam to replace Ngai Kwun as the triad boss.  Meanwhile, instructors at the police academy discover that Chan Wing-yan, a promising but troubled cadet, is the half-brother of Ngai Kwun's heir, Ngai Wing-hau; he is subsequently discharged from the police force. Chan is later approached by Wong, who asks him why he wants to be a cop; Chan replies, "I want to be a good guy." Wong subsequently makes Chan an undercover cop, sending him to prison to get close to one of Sam's men, Keung. Meanwhile, Hau replaces his father as the triad boss; he is the only Ngai child directly involved in the family business. With Kwun dead, four other underbosses, the "Big Four", dismiss Hau and debate on whether to continue paying their dues to his family. However, Hau forces them to pay up by blackmailing them individually with his knowledge of their mutual betrayals. Sam acts as an "agent provocateur" for Hau in this affair.  By 1995, Chan has become a small-time gangster while Lau rises as a rookie cop. Chan's continual association with Sam and Hau causes his girlfriend to have an abortion because she does not want their child to follow in Chan's footsteps. Hau wishes the troubled Chan to be integrated into the Ngai family and invites him to his daughter's birthday party, where he announces that he wants to retire in Hawaii and divide his business among the Big Four. He also gives Sam control over a Thai cocaine smuggling ring. Meanwhile, Sam leaks information about criminal dealings to Lau, who is able to apprehend many local gangsters and earn a promotion in rank.  During Hau’s next drug deal, Chan tips off the police with a Morse code message about an abrupt change of plans for the meeting. The police show up and arrest Hau as the deal is taking place. However, no drugs are found in the suitcase, which instead contains a videotape showing that Wong conspired with Mary to have Ngai Kwun murdered. Caught off guard by the sudden turn of events, the police release Hau. Wong is relieved of his police authority pending an investigation for misconduct. While Hau is taken in for questioning, his men assassinate the Big Four and set into motion his plans for vengeance against his father's murderers. An ambush awaits Sam as he meets Hau's contact in Thailand. A bomb is set off in Wong's car; while Wong is unharmed in the attack, his superior and friend, Chief Inspector Luk, dies in the blast. Lau saves Mary from an assassin and takes her to a safehouse, but decides to have her killed when she rejects his feelings toward her. He reveals to Hau's men that she will be at Kai Tak Airport, where she gets mown down by a car.  In 1997, Lau is picked as one of the officers to preside over the ceremony signifying Britain's handover of Hong Kong to China. Wong is cleared of misconduct by his superiors and reinstated to his former post. Hau attempts to enter politics but his support disintegrates after Sam, who survived the shooting in Thailand, turns on him and provides evidence to Interpol about his illegal dealings. Wong brings Hon back to Hong Kong under witness protection after Sam agrees to testify against Hau in court. In the meantime, Hau sends his men to Thailand to take Sam's family hostage in an attempt to threaten Sam to back out. During the confrontation between Hau and Sam, Sam reveals to Hau that his Thai mafia friends are also holding Hau’s family hostage in Hawaii and that he has no real family in Thailand. Infuriated, Hau holds Sam hostage at gunpoint just as Wong and the police show up. During the standoff, Wong fatally shoots Hau, who dies in Chan's arms. Moments before succumbing to his wound, Hau discovers the wire in Chan's jacket and realises that his half-brother is an undercover cop.  Sam's tactics against Hau lead to a falling out between him and Wong. Shortly after their final meeting, Sam reluctantly lets his Thai friends murder Hau's family in Hawaii. The pieces are set in place for the first film: Sam goes down the dark path of replacing Hau as the triad boss, becoming Wong's new foe; Lau is a police inspector and Sam's mole; Chan is forced to remain undercover, returning to join Sam's triad. As the handover ceremony takes place, Sam sheds tears over the loss of Mary before hosting a party. Back at police headquarters, Lau handles a case involving a young woman, coincidentally also called Mary, who becomes his fiancée in "Infernal Affairs".

Music.

The film's score was composed by Chan Kwong-wing. The theme song, "Eternal Realm" (長空; "Changkong"), was composed by Wong Ka-keung, lyrics provided by Wong and Yip Sai-wing, and performed by the band Beyond.

Reception.

The film was highly anticipated prior to its release due to the success achieved by "Infernal Affairs". However, the general response to the film was mixed.

Box office.

The film grossed HK$24,919,376 — big by 2003 Hong Kong standards, but only about half of the original's earnings.

Awards.

Although "Infernal Affairs II" earned twelve nominations for the 2003 Hong Kong Film Awards, it could not match its predecessor's success. The film won only one award, Best Original Film Song, for the song "長空" (performed by Cantopop band Beyond). The film won the Best Film award at the Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards.  23rd Hong Kong Film Awards  10th Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards

Infernal Affairs II is a 2003 Hong Kong crime-thriller film directed by Andrew Lau and Alan Mak.

《无间道II》(英语:"Infernal Affairs II")是一部-{zh:于;zh-hans:于;zh-hant:于;}-2003年上映的香港电影,由刘伟强和麦兆辉担任执导,以及由黄秋生、曾志伟、刘嘉玲、吴镇宇、陈冠希、余文乐、胡军、杜汶泽等担任主演;此电影为《无间道系列》中的第二部,亦为《无间道》的前传。本片以《教父2》交叉叙述的手法呈现。


Early and personal life.

Hercog was born in Maribor, Slovenia, to florist Romana and bar owner Vojko. As a four-year-old she began playing in the local tennis clinic opened by Mima Jaušovec, and at age 14 moved to Italy to train professionally. Hercog is fluent in Slovenian, English, and Italian, and cites Justine Henin as her role model. She currently resides in her hometown and practises in Budapest.

Career summary.

2007—2009.

Hercog made her WTA Tour debut in Portorož, Slovenia, losing to Elena Vesnina in three sets. In 2008, she participated in the İstanbul Cup, where she lost in the first round to Tsvetana Pironkova, but reached the finals of the doubles competition partnering with New Zealand's Marina Erakovic. The same year, Hercog and Australian Jessica Moore won two Grand Slam junior doubles titles, the French Open and the Wimbledon Championships. She also played the qualifications for the US Open, but lost to Sandra Záhlavová in the first round in straight sets.  Hercog entered the 2009 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem in Fes, Morocco, via the qualifying rounds, and beat 7th seed Roberta Vinci to reach the quarterfinals, where she was defeated by Alisa Kleybanova. At that year's French Open she upset 23rd seeded Kleybanova, but was in turn beaten by Aravane Rezaï. At the US Open, Hercog was beaten by American wildcard Christina McHale in the first round. She also played the BGL Luxembourg Open, defeating Maria Elena Camerin in the opening round. She then lost to Sabine Lisicki in two sets. Polona managed to make it up to the second round at the 2009 Allianz Cup in Sofia but was beaten by Bojana Jovanovski.

2010.

Hercog opened the season at the ASB Classic where she lost to Shahar Pe'er in the first round.  At the tournament in Acapulco, Mexico, Hercog reached her first WTA Tour singles final and won her first WTA Tour doubles title. She defeated Rossana de los Ríos in the first round, Alizé Cornet in the second, Ágnes Szávay retired from the quarterfinals match when Hercog was leading by a set, and Carla Suárez Navarro in two sets in the semifinals. In the final, she lost to first seed and former world No. 1, Venus Williams, despite winning the first set. Partnering with Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová, she won her first tour doubles title, beating the Italian team of Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci.  At the Indian Wells Masters, Hercog defeated Ioana Raluca Olaru in the first round and was defeated by 11th seed Marion Bartoli in the second round. She caused an upset in the second round of the French Open by defeating No. 24, Lucie Šafářová.  In Portorož, she reached the semifinals, was up a set against Anna Chakvetadze but then lost the match in three sets. Seeded 6th at the e-Boks Danish Open in Copenhagen, she had a chance to take revenge on Anna Chakvetadze as they met in the quarterfinals. Hercog lost the match, this time in straight sets.

2011.

Hercog began the year at the Brisbane International where she lost in the first round to Iveta Benešová in two sets. Seeded second in qualifying at the Medibank International Sydney, Hercog lost in the first round to Jill Craybas. At the Australian Open, she lost in the first round in a close match to world No. 46 Anastasija Sevastova.  After the Australian Open, Hercog played at the 2011 Fed Cup World Group II against Germany. She defeated Julia Görges, however, she lost to Andrea Petkovic in straight sets. Slovenia lost to Germany 1-4. Seeded 2nd at the Copa Sony Ericsson Colsanitas, she defeated Pauline Parmentier in the first round. In the second round, she lost to Petra Martić. Seeded second at the Abierto Mexicano Telcel, Hercog lost in the first round to Lourdes Domínguez Lino. She then stayed in Mexico for the Monterrey Open. Seeded eighth, Hercog defeated Angelique Kerber in the first round 6–3, 6–3. She then reached the semifinals where she lost to top seed Jelena Janković in two sets. At the BNP Paribas Open, Hercog lost in the first round to Anastasija Sevastova. At the Sony Ericsson Open, she lost in the first round to Chanelle Scheepers in three sets.  Hercog began her clay court season at the Andalucia Tennis Experience. She lost in the first round to Laura Pous Tió 1–6, 2–6. Next, Hercog played at the Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem. She got revenge on Chanelle Scheepers by defeating her in the first round. However, she withdrew from her second round match against Melanie Oudin due to an ankle injury. At the Barcelona Ladies Open, Hercog won her first round match against lucky loser Jamie Hampton. In the second round, she easily beat Mirjana Lučić. In the quarterfinals, she lost to Laura Pous Tió in three sets.

2012.

Hercog began the year at the Brisbane International. She retired trailing 6–1, 4-1 in her first round match against seventh seed Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova due to a low back injury. Seeded third in qualifying at the Apia International Sydney, Hercog lost in the final round of qualifying to seventh seed Ekaterina Makarova. However, she received a lucky loser spot into the main draw. In the first round, Hercog lost to eighth seed Marion Bartoli. At the Australian Open, she lost in the first round to 22nd seed Julia Görges.  After the Australian Open, Hercog represented Slovenia for Fed Cup against Japan. She lost both of her rubbers to Kimiko Date-Krumm and Ayumi Morita. Japan went on to defeat Slovenia 5-0. At the Open GDF Suez, Hercog lost in the first round to Chanelle Scheepers in straight sets. She suffered another first-round loss at the Qatar Total Open to Tsvetana Pironkova. Seeded 2nd for qualifying at the Dubai Tennis Championships, she lost in the final round of qualifying to Aleksandra Wozniak. Entering the main draw as a lucky loser, Hercog lost in the first round to world No. 21, Daniela Hantuchová. Ranked 38 at the BNP Paribas Open, she lost in the first round to wild card Jamie Hampton 0–6, 1–6. At the Sony Ericsson Open, Hercog got revenge on qualifier Jamie Hampton defeating her in the first round 6–1, 6–3. In the second, she lost to seventh seed Marion Bartoli.  Hercog began her clay court season at the Family Circle Cup. Seeded 14th, she beat Kimiko Date-Krumm in the first round. In the second round, she defeated American Varvara Lepchenko. In the third round, Hercog upset third seed Marion Bartoli. In the quarterfinals, she upset 13th seed Nadia Petrova 6–1, 6–2 to reach the semifinals where she was crushed by ninth seed Lucie Šafářová 6–0, 6–0. Seeded 8th at the Barcelona Ladies Open, Hercog retired in her first round match against Sorana Cîrstea after losing the first set 4–6 due to dizziness. Seeded 9th at the Estoril Open, she defeated Tamira Paszek in the first round 6–0, 6–3. In the second round, Hercog retired trailing 6–4, 3-0 to Carla Suárez Navarro due to a right foot injury. Ranked 37 at the Mutua Madrid Open, Hercog lost in the first round to Shahar Pe'er 3–6, 5–7. At the French Open, she was defeated in the first round by Ayumi Morita.  At the Wimbledon Championships, Hercog lost in the first round to qualifier Kristýna Plíšková.  After Wimbledon, Hercog competed at the Internazionali Femminili di Palermo. Seeded 6th, she was upset in the first round by Irina-Camelia Begu. After Palmero, Hercog played at the Swedish Open where she was the defending champion. Hercog defeated Mathilde Johansson in the final. Representing Slovenia at the Summer Olympics, Hercog was defeated in the first round by María José Martínez Sánchez.  She played one warm up tournament before the US Open. At the Texas Tennis Open. She faced Kiki Bertens in the first round, and won the first set 6–4 when Bertens retired due to a right abdominal injury. In the second round, she lost to third seed and eventual champion Roberta Vinci. At the US Open, Hercog was defeated in the first round by fifth seed Petra Kvitová.  At the Korea Open, she lost in the first round to eighth seed Ekaterina Makarova. Seeded 11th for qualifying at the Toray Pan Pacific Open, Hercog lost in the first round of qualifying to wild card Kurumi Nara. She qualified for the China Open beating 17th seed Mathilde Johansson and Gréta Arn. In round one, Hercog led 5–7, 6–4, 3-0 before Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova retired due to a gastrointestinal illness. In the second round, she defeated Ekaterina Makarova in a very close match. In the third round, Hercog lost to second seed and eventual finalist Maria Sharapova. Her final tournament of the year was at the HP Open. She lost in the first round to eventual champion Heather Watson.  Hercog ended the year ranked No. 80.

2013.

At the 2013 Australian Open, she was defeated in the first round by 21st seed Varvara Lepchenko.  Seeded 17th for qualifying at the French Open, she beat Ajla Tomljanović in the first round of qualifying, but in the second round she lost to Grace Min. After the French Open, Hercog played the 25k-tournament in Maribor, Slovenia. As the top seed, she won the tournament defeating Ana Konjuh in the final. At the 100k-tournament in Marseille, she was defeated in the semifinals by 1st seed Anabel Medina Garrigues. Competing at the first edition of the Nürnberger Versicherungscup, Hercog upset second seed Klára Zakopalová in the first round. In the second round, she beat Julia Cohen in two sets. In the quarterfinals, Hercog was defeated by fifth seed Lucie Šafářová.  Seeded 4th for qualifying at the Wimbledon Championships, Hercog lost in the second round of qualifying to Petra Cetkovská.  At the Internazionali Femminili di Palermo she was defeated in the second round by second seed Roberta Vinci. Hercog won the ITS Cup as the top seed beating Katarzyna Piter in the final. Seeded 6th at the Baku Cup, Hercog lost in the first round to Galina Voskoboeva.  Hercog qualified for the Western & Southern Open defeating ninth seed Lourdes Domínguez Lino in the final round of qualifying. In the first round, she beat world No. 19, Dominika Cibulková, 6–2, 6–4. In the second round, Hercog lost to 6th seed Sara Errani. At the US Open, Hercog was defeated in the first round by 24th seed Ekaterina Makarova.  At the Challenge Bell, she stunned top seed and defending champion Kirsten Flipkens in the first round 6–3, 6–1. In the second round, she beat qualifier Julie Coin 6–0, 6–2. In the quarterfinals, Hercog lost to Christina McHale. Hercog qualified for the Toray Pan Pacific Open beating ninth seed Tsvetana Pironkova in the final round of qualifying. In the first round, she was defeated in a close match by world No. 35, Lucie Šafářová. Qualifying for the China Open, Hercog beat Monica Puig in the first round 6–1, 6–4. In the second round, Hercog upset 14th seed and former world No. 1, Ana Ivanovic. In the third round, she lost to third seed Agnieszka Radwańska. Her final tournament of the year was the HP Open. In the first round, she beat Petra Cetkovská, and received a walkover in the second round since her opponent, second seed Sabine Lisicki withdrew due to a hip injury. In the quarterfinals, Hercog was defeated by Kurumi Nara.  She ended the year ranked No. 66.

2014.

Hercog began her season at the Australian Open. In the first round, she was up against 25th seed Alizé Cornet. Hercog retired trailing 1-0 due to a shoulder injury.  Hercog made her comeback during the clay court season at the Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem. In the first round, she upset Zhang Shuai 6–2, 6–2. In the second round, she defeated Alison Van Uytvanck 6–1, 6–4. Hercog was then stopped in the quarterfinals by eventual champion María Teresa Torró Flor in two tie-breakers. At the Portugal Open, she beat Stefanie Vögele in the first round. In the second round, she upset sixth seed Lucie Šafářová. Hercog lost in the quarterfinals to top seed and eventual champion, Carla Suárez Navarro. Seeded 6th for qualifying at the Internazionali BNL d'Italia, Hercog lost in the first round of qualifying to Belinda Bencic. Her final tournament before the French Open was the Nürnberger Versicherungscup. In the first round, she upset third seed Klára Koukalová in three sets. In the second round, Hercog lost to Karin Knapp. At the French Open, she defeated Jana Čepelová in the first round In the second round, Hercog was defeated by 15th seed Sloane Stephens 6–1, 6–3.  Hercog played only one grass court tournament before Wimbledon. She lost in the first round at the Topshelf Open to sixth seed Kirsten Flipkens. At Wimbledon, she won her first round match over Paula Ormaechea. In the second round, she was defeated by 23rd seed Lucie Šafářová.  After Wimbledon, Hercog competed at the first edition of the BRD Bucharest Open. Seeded eighth in the draw, she defeated Anna Tatishvili in the first round. In the second round, she beat Katarzyna Piter. In the quarterfinals, Hercog lost to Monica Niculescu. Seeded eighth at the Swedish Open, she lost in the first round to Dinah Pfizenmaier.  Hercog began the US Open series at the Citi Open. She lost in the first round to sixth seed and eventual champion Svetlana Kuznetsova. Seeded 20th for qualifying at the Western & Southern Open, Hercog qualified for the main draw beating Paula Ormaechea and Julia Glushko. In the first round, she was defeated by Kirsten Flipkens 6–3, 6–2. At the Connecticut Open, her final tournament before the US Open, Hercog lost in the second round of qualifying to Karin Knapp 2–6, 1–6. Ranked 76 at the US Open, she defeated world No. 35, Elina Svitolina, in the first round in two sets. In the second round, she lost to 17th seed Ekaterina Makarova.  After the US Open, Hercog played at the first edition of the Hong Kong Tennis Open. She lost in the first round to third seed and eventual finalist, Karolína Plíšková. At the Korea Open, Hercog was defeated in the first round by top seed and defending champion Agnieszka Radwańska. Seeded 18th for qualifying at the first edition of the Wuhan Open, she lost in the first round of qualifying to Nicole Gibbs. Seeded 11th for qualifying at the China Open, Hercog qualified by defeating Yulia Putintseva and seventh seed Monica Puig. In the first round, she beat world No. 29, Karolína Plíšková. In the second round, Hercog lost to 12th seed Ekaterina Makarova. Seeded second for qualifying at the Generali Ladies Linz, she lost in the first round of qualifying to Lucie Hradecká. Her final tournament of the year was at the BGL Luxembourg Open. She won her first-round match over Marina Erakovic 6–3, 6–4. Then Hercog was defeated by qualifier Johanna Larsson.  She ended the year ranked No. 95.

2015.

Hercog started the year at the Shenzhen Open. She lost in the second round to Zheng Saisai. Coming through qualifying at the Apia International Sydney, Hercog was defeated in the first round by Karolína Plíšková. At the Australian Open, Hercog lost in the second round to qualifier Lucie Hradecká.  Seeded seventh at the Rio Open, Hercog was defeated in the second round by Brazilian wild card Beatriz Haddad Maia. Playing in Acapulco at the Abierto Mexicano Telcel, Hercog lost in the first round to third seed and eventual finalist Caroline Garcia. Hercog stayed in Mexico to compete at the Monterrey Open. She was defeated in the second round by eighth seed Magdaléna Rybáriková. Hercog had multiple match points in the third set but failed to convert. Getting past qualifying at the BNP Paribas Open, Hercog beat 2009 champion Vera Zvonareva in the first round. She lost in the second round to twenty-fifth seed Caroline Garcia. At the Miami Open, Hercog was defeated in the first round by Anna Karolína Schmiedlová. In Poland at the Katowice Open, Hercog lost in the second round to second seed and defending champion Alizé Cornet.

2016.

Hercog began the year at the ASB Classic. She lost in the first round to fifth seed and eventual champion Sloane Stephens. In Sydney at the Apia International Sydney, Hercog was defeated in the final round of qualifying by Monica Puig. However, she was awarded a lucky loser spot into the main draw. She lost in the first round to Sabine Lisicki. At the Australian Open, Hercog was defeated in the first round by nineteenth seed Jelena Janković.  Seeded fifth at the Rio Open, Hercog lost in the second round to Sorana Cîrstea. Playing in Mexico at the Abierto Mexicano Telcel, Hercog was defeated in the first round by top seed Victoria Azarenka. At the Monterrey Open, Hercog lost in the second round to eventual champion Heather Watson. Competing in Indian Wells at the BNP Paribas Open, Hercog was defeated in the first round by Yanina Wickmayer. Hercog retired during her first round of qualifying match at the Miami Open to Fanny Stollár.  Hercog began her clay-court season at the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix. She lost in the final round of qualifying to German Laura Siegemund. At the Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem, Hercog was defeated in the first round by fifth seed and last year finalist Tímea Babos. In Madrid at the Mutua Madrid Open, Hercog lost in the first round of qualifying to Madison Brengle. At the Italian Open, Hercog was defeated in the first round of qualifying by Julia Görges. Hercog's final tournament before the French Open was the Nürnberger Versicherungscup. She lost in the second round to fourth seed Lesia Tsurenko. At the French Open, Hercog was defeated in the second round by thirtieth seed Barbora Strýcová.  Seeded seventh at the Bol Open, Hercog reached the final where she lost to Mandy Minella.  Beginning her grass-court season at the Ricoh Open, Hercog retired during her first-round match against Varvara Lepchenko. Coming through qualifying at the Aegon International Eastbourne, Hercog was defeated in the first round by Misaki Doi. At the Wimbledon Championships, Hercog lost in the first round to Alizé Cornet.  Competing in Romania at the BRD Bucharest Open, Hercog made it to the quarterfinal round where she was defeated by fourth seed Laura Siegemund. At the Swedish Open, Hercog fell in the first round to Julia Görges. Representing Slovenia at the Rio Olympics, she lost in the first round to eventual gold medalist Monica Puig.  At the US Open, Hercog faced second seed Angelique Kerber in the first round. She retired from the match due to illness.  Due to not playing for the rest of the year, Hercog ended the year ranked 139.

2017.

She returned to the WTA Tour for her first tournament since the 2016 US Open at the French Open. Hercog beat French wild card Harmony Tan in the first round of qualifying. However, in the second round, she lost to Zarina Diyas. At a 25k tournament in Grado, Italy, she lost in the first round to Diāna Marcinkēviča. Seeded seventh at the Internazionali Femminili di Brescia, she won the title defeating Ganna Poznikhirenko in the final in two sets.

2019.

Hercog began the year at the ASB Classic. She lost in the first round to third seed Hsieh Su-wei. In Hobart at the Hobart International, Hercog was defeated in the first round of qualifying by Olivia Rogowska. At the Australian Open, Hercog lost in the first round to second seed and 2016 champion Angelique Kerber.

2020.

Hercog kicked off her 2020 season at the Australian Open. She lost in the second round to top seed Ashleigh Barty.  Playing in Dubai at the Dubai Tennis Championships, Hercog was defeated in the final round of qualifying by Kristina Mladenovic. At the Qatar Total Open, Hercog lost in the first round to Alison Van Uytvanck.

Performance timelines.

"Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup and Olympic Games are included in Win-Loss records."

Singles.

"Current through the suspension of the 2020 WTA Tour."  Notes

Polona Hercog (, born 20 January 1991) is a Slovenian professional tennis player. Her career-high WTA rankings are No. 35 in singles and No. 56 in doubles. She has won five WTA Tour titles; three in singles and two in doubles. Hercog also enjoyed success on the ITF Women's Circuit, winning 14 singles and five doubles titles. She is the Slovenian No. 1 in women's tennis.

波洛娜·赫尔科格(Polona Hercog,1991年-1月20日)是斯洛文尼亚职业网球女运动员,2006年转职业。她的WTA生涯最高单打排名为35(2011年9月12日)。


Early career.

Born in Tumed Left Banner, just outside the city of Hohhot, Ulanhu was the child of herders. He went to elementary school in his hometown, and went on to study at the Mongolian-Tibetan College of Beiping (now Beijing). He joined the Socialist Youth League of China (later renamed Communist Youth League) in 1924, intending to become communist revolutionary. In 1925, he joined the Communist Party of China and was sent to Moscow Sun Yat-sen University in the Soviet Union to study Marxism. In Moscow, Ulanhu shared a desk with Chiang Ching-kuo, the son of Chiang Kai-shek.  In 1929, when he returned from his studies, Ulanhu began organizing communist rallies in Mongolia, and was appointed a Committee Member of the CPC's West-Mongolia Working Committee. In 1931, Ulanhu was chosen to run the military and intelligence offices in Mongolia, serving in Ikh Juu League (now the city of Ordos). During the Second World War, Ulanhu led his forces to stop the Japanese from advancing towards Hohhot and led his officers to march to northern Shaanxi where he continued battling against the Japanese forces. In August 1941, he arrived at the revolutionary base of Yan'an to work on ethnic affairs.

Civil war.

During the Chinese Civil War, Ulanhu was one of the commanders of the Pingjin Campaign and the Liaoshen Campaign, he also led his Communist forces to destroy the local bandits and anti-communist forces in Mongolia. Ulanhu was instrumental in bringing Inner Mongolia under the control of the Communist Party of China and was elected the Acting Governor and founding Chairman of the Autonomous Government of Inner Mongolia in 1947. Inner Mongolia was the first of five recognized autonomous regions in China. In September 1954, Ulanhu was named Vice-Premier, ranking eighth.  In 1955 he was awarded the rank of General ("shang jiang"), becoming one of only 57 generals bestowed the honour of being a "founding general" of the People's Republic. He served as Communist Party Secretary and chairman of Inner Mongolia from the region's founding to 1966.

Cultural Revolution.

At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, zealous Red Guard organizations attempted to storm the Inner Mongolia government headquarters. Ulanhu used troops at his disposal to repel them, only to be later undone by military forces sent in by leftist leaders in Beijing, ousting him from office. He was accused of "ruling Inner Mongolia like an independent kingdom", and persecuted as a suspected member of the independence-leaning Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, a charge later proven to be false. However, while he was a target for struggle, Ulanhu survived the Cultural Revolution without enduring some of the more severe physical hardships inflicted upon some of his colleagues, largely owing to the support of Premier Zhou Enlai.

After rehabilitation and death.

Ulanhu was politically rehabilitated in 1973, prior to the 10th Party Congress, with the personal blessing of Mao Zedong. In 1977, Ulanhu became head of the United Front Department of the central organization of the CPC. Among various other posts, he served one term as Vice President of the People's Republic of China under President Li Xiannian from 1983 to 1988. Upon completion of the term as Vice-President, he was elected Vice-Chairman of the National People's Congress. He died shortly thereafter in 1988 after an illness. He was eulogized with high honours by the ruling Communist Party.  In 1992, the Ulanhu Memorial Hall was opened to the public in Hohhot. His "Selected Works" were published in 1999 at a dedication ceremony attended by Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. In December 2007, the Communist Party held a high-profile conference to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Ulanhu's birth. In 2009, the historic epic "Spring Comes Early to the Grasslands" aired on China Central Television, and depicted some of Ulanhu's activities during the revolution.

Family.

Ulanhu married twice and had four sons and four daughters. His son, Buhe, served as the Chairman of Inner Mongolia from 1982 to 1993. His granddaughter (Buhe's daughter) Bu Xiaolin was appointed Chairwoman of Inner Mongolia in March 2016, making her the third generation of the Ulanhu family to hold that position. Another son of Ulanhu, Uje, served as mayor of Baotou.

Ulanhu or Ulanfu (23 December 1907 – 8 December 1988), also known by his Chinese name Yun Ze, was the founding Chairman of China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, serving from 1947 to 1966. Ulanhu had the nickname of "Mongolian King" during his political career. He served as Vice-Premier between 1956 and 1966. He was purged during the Cultural Revolution but later reinstated. Between 1983 and 1988 he held the office of Vice President of the People's Republic of China.

乌兰夫(;),汉名云泽、云时雨,中国内蒙古蒙古族人。中国共产党政治家、中华人民共和国和内蒙古自治区领导人,中国人民解放军开国上将,官至国家副主席,有“蒙古王”之称。


Plot summary.

While on holiday in Cairo, Hercule Poirot is approached by successful socialite Linnet Doyle. She requests his help in deterring her friend Jacqueline de Bellefort from hounding and stalking her. Linnet had recently married Jacqueline's fiancé, Simon Doyle, which has made Jacqueline bitterly resentful. Poirot refuses the request, but attempts unsuccessfully to dissuade Jacqueline from pursuing her plans further. Simon and Linnet secretly board the steamer "Karnak", set to tour along the Nile, to escape her, but find she had learned of their plans and boarded ahead of them. Apart from them, Poirot travels on the steamer, while the other passengers include Linnet's maid Louise Bourget, her trustee Andrew Pennington, romance novelist Salome Otterbourne (a thinly-disguised portrayal of Elinor Glyn) and her daughter Rosalie, Tim Allerton and his mother Mrs. Allerton, American socialite Marie Van Schuyler, her cousin Cornelia Robson and her nurse Miss Bowers, outspoken communist Mr. Ferguson, Italian archaeologist Guido Richetti, solicitor Jim Fanthorp, and Austrian physician Dr. Bessner.  While visiting an ancient temple, Linnet narrowly avoids being crushed by a falling rock. Jacqueline is initially suspected, but she is found to have been aboard the steamer at the time of the incident. During the return voyage, Poirot finds his friend Colonel Race has joined the steamer. He reveals to him that he seeks a murderer amongst the passengers. Later that night in the steamer's lounge, Jacqueline's resentment of Linnet boils over, leading her to shoot Simon in the leg with a pistol she possesses. She is taken back to her cabin by those who witness this, where she is confined, while Simon is treated for his injury; in that time, Jacqueline's pistol, which she dropped, disappears. The following morning, Linnet is found dead, having been shot in the head, while her valuable string of pearls has disappeared. No one in the cabins on the opposite side heard or saw anything. Poirot notes two bottles of nail polish in the victim's room, one of which intrigues him. Jacqueline's pistol is later recovered from the Nile; it is found wrapped in a stole belonging to Miss Van Schuyler, which was stolen the previous day, and which has been fired through.  When interviewing the maid Louise in the cabin in which Simon is resting, Poirot notes an oddness in the words she uses. Soon afterwards, she is found stabbed in her cabin. Mrs. Otterbourne later meets with Poirot and Race in Simon's cabin, claiming she saw who killed the maid; Simon declares loudly his surprise at this. Before she can reveal who it is, she is shot dead from outside the cabin. Poirot soon confronts Pennington over his attempted murder of Linnet at the temple – he came to Egypt upon learning of her marriage to Simon, to trick her into signing documents that would exonerate him of embezzling her inheritance. However, he did not murder Linnet on the steamer, despite his gun having been used in Mrs. Otterbourne's murder. Race later arrests Richetti, the man he sought. Poirot recovers the missing pearls from Tim, who substituted an imitation string of pearls for the real ones. The imitation pearls were later stolen by Miss Van Schuyler, a kleptomaniac, and returned by Miss Bowers.  When alone with Simon, Poirot reveals him to be his wife's killer. The murder was not his plan, but Jacqueline's; the pair were still lovers. Their scheme was to steal Linnet's money – the pair staged their break-up, whereupon Simon married Linnet. On the night of the murder, Jacqueline deliberately missed Simon, who faked his injury with red ink. While everyone in the lounge was distracted by Jacqueline, he took her gun that she had deliberately discarded, went to Linnet's cabin, and shot her. He then returned to the lounge and shot his own leg, to give himself a genuine injury. Louise and Mrs. Otterbourne were murdered by Jacqueline, who was warned by Simon when the plan was going awry – Louise witnessed Simon entering Linnet's cabin that night, and gave him a coded message when Poirot was interviewing her; Mrs. Otterbourne witnessed Jacqueline entering Louise's cabin before stabbing her.  Poirot reveals what led him to his theory: the ink was contained in a bottle of nail polish he noticed in Linnet's cabin; Simon reloaded the gun with two spare cartridges before he disposed of it, as Poirot realized that three shots were fired that night; the stole was used to silence the gun when Simon shot his own leg; Poirot suspected premeditation for the murder, because he slept deeply through that night's events – he had been drugged through his wine that evening. As the steamer arrives back in Cairo and the passengers disembark, Jacqueline shoots Simon and herself with another gun she possessed, so they may escape the gallows. When pressed, Poirot reveals he had known she had a second gun, but had sympathetically chosen to allow her to take her own life.

Reception.

Contemporary reviews of the book were primarily positive. The "Times Literary Supplement"'s short review concluded by saying "Hercule Poirot, as usual, digs out a truth so unforeseen that it would be unfair for a reviewer to hint at it."""  "The Scotsman" review of 11 November 1937 finished by saying that, "the author has again constructed the neatest of plots, wrapped it round with distracting circumstances, and presented it to what should be an appreciative public."  E.R. Punshon of "The Guardian" in his review of 10 December 1937 began by saying, "To decide whether a writer of fiction possesses the true novelist's gift it is often a good plan to consider whether the minor characters in his or her book, those to whose creation the author has probably given little thought, stand out in the narrative in their own right as living personalities. This test is one Mrs. Christie always passes successfully, and never more so than in her new book."  In a later review, Robert Barnard wrote that this novel is "One of the top ten, in spite of an overcomplex solution. The familiar marital triangle, set on a Nile steamer." The weakness is that there is "Comparatively little local colour, but some good grotesques among the passengers – of which the film took advantage." He notes a change in Christie's novels with this plot published in 1939, as "Spies and agitators are beginning to invade the pure Christie detective story at this period, as the slide towards war begins."

Film, TV and theatrical adaptations.

"Murder on the Nile".

Agatha Christie adapted the novel into a stage play which opened at the Dundee Repertory Theatre on 17 January 1944 under the title of "Hidden Horizon" and opened in the West End on 19 March 1946 under the title "Murder on the Nile" and on Broadway on 19 September 1946 under the same title.

"Kraft Television Theatre".

A live television version of the novel under the name of "Murder on the Nile" was presented on 12 July 1950 in the US in a one-hour play as part of the series "Kraft Television Theatre". The stars were Guy Spaull and Patricia Wheel.

"Death on the Nile" (1978 film).

The novel was adapted into a feature film, released in 1978 and starring Peter Ustinov for the first of his six appearances as Poirot. Others in the all-star cast included Bette Davis (Miss Van Schuyler), Mia Farrow (Jacqueline de Bellefort), Maggie Smith (Miss Bowers), Lois Chiles (Linnet Doyle), Simon MacCorkindale (Simon Doyle), Jon Finch (Mr. Ferguson), Olivia Hussey (Rosalie Otterbourne), Angela Lansbury (Mrs. Otterbourne), Jane Birkin (Louise), George Kennedy (Mr. Pennington), Jack Warden (Dr. Bessner) and David Niven (Colonel Race). The screenplay differs slightly from the book, deleting several characters, including Cornelia Robson, Signor Richetti, Joanna Southwood, the Allertons and Mr. Fanthorp. Tim Allerton is replaced as Rosalie's love interest by Ferguson.

BBC Radio 4 adaptation.

The novel was adapted as a five-part serial for BBC Radio 4 in 1997. John Moffatt reprised his role of Poirot. The serial was broadcast weekly from Thursday, 2 January to Thursday, 30 January at 10.00am to 10.30pm. All five episodes were recorded on Friday, 12 July 1996 at Broadcasting House. It was adapted by Michael Bakewell and directed by Enyd Williams.

"Agatha Christie's Poirot".

A high-quality adaptation for the ITV television series, "Agatha Christie's Poirot", was made for the show's ninth series. It starred David Suchet as Poirot, and guest stars included Emily Blunt as Linnet, JJ Feild as Simon Doyle, Emma Griffiths Malin as Jacqueline, James Fox as Colonel Race, Frances de la Tour as Mrs. Otterbourne, Zoe Telford as Rosalie Otterbourne and David Soul as Andrew Pennington. The episode was filmed in Egypt, with many of the scenes filmed on the steamer PS "Sudan".  This version remained largely faithful to the novel, with some minor changes:  References to real life events appear to set this episode in late 1932, though the only entered service in 1935, but there is some confusion here: Ferguson refers to "a lunatic about to take power in Germany", suggesting a pre-1933 setting, but a later shot of Pennington's luggage label shows the date of his sailing on the "Normandie" as "January 1936".

Computer game.

"Death on the Nile" was turned into a "hidden object" PC game, "Agatha Christie: Death on the Nile", in 2007 by Flood Light Games, and published as a joint venture between Oberon Games and Big Fish Games. The player takes the role of Hercule Poirot as he searches various cabins of the "Karnak" for clues, and then questions suspects based on information he finds.

Graphic novel.

"Death on the Nile" was released by HarperCollins as a graphic novel adaptation on 16 July 2007, adapted by François Rivière and Solidor (Jean-François Miniac) (). This was translated from the edition first published in France by in 2003 under the title of "Mort sur le Nil".

"Death on the Nile" (2020 film).

In November 2017, it was announced that 20th Century Studios is developing "Death on the Nile" as a sequel to their version of "Murder on the Orient Express." Michael Green was announced as penning the script and Kenneth Branagh was expected to return as Poirot and as director. It was originally scheduled for release on 20 December 2019, up against "", but on 16 October 2018, Fox delayed the film release date to 2 October 2020. On 28 September 2018, it was announced that Gal Gadot was the first member of the cast signed on to the film, playing the role of Linnet. Armie Hammer and Letitia Wright have joined the cast of the film as Simon Doyle and Rosalie Otterbourne respectively. Ali Fazal was cast in an unspecified role. In August, Russell Brand was in talks to join in an undisclosed role.

Partial publication history.

The book was first serialized in the US in "The Saturday Evening Post" in eight installments from 15 May (Volume 209, Number 46) to 3 July 1937 (Volume 210, Number 1) with illustrations by Henry Raleigh.

Death on the Nile is a book of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 1 November 1937 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00. The full length novel was preceded (1937) by a short story with the same title, but with Parker Pyne as the detective. The details of the short story's plot are substantially different, though the settings and some of the characters are very similar.

《尼罗河谋杀案》(英语:"Death on the Nile"),是阿嘉莎·克莉丝蒂所创作的侦探小说,它由英国的柯林斯犯罪小说俱乐部在一九三七年十一月首次出版,在美国则由达德米德公司(Dodd, Mead, and Company)于隔年出版。 英国版售价是七先令六便士,而美国版则是两美元。


Overview.

In "SimEarth", the player can vary a planet's atmosphere, temperature, landmasses, etc., then place various forms of life on the planet and watch them evolve. In the “Random Planet” game setting, the game is a software toy, without any required goals. The big (and difficult) challenge is to evolve sentient life and an advanced civilization. The development stages of the planet can be restored and repeated, until the planet "dies" ten billion years after its creation, the estimated time when the Sun will become a red giant and kill off all of the planet's life.  There are also 8 scenarios that do have goals, the first 3 (Aquarium, Cambrian Earth, and Modern-day Earth) involving managing the evolution and development of Earth in different stages, then 4 (Mars, Venus, Ice Planet, and Dune) involving terraforming other planets to support life, then the final one (Earth 2XXX) involving rescuing life and civilization on a future Earth from self-replicating robots and nuclear warfare and giving you the option of causing a great flood to help achieve this goal. In addition, there is another game mode besides Random Planet and Scenario mode, called Daisy World, where the only biome on the planet is daisies, which change their color relative to the temperature.  The game models the Gaia hypothesis of James Lovelock (who assisted with the design and wrote an introduction to the manual), and one of the options available to the player is the simplified "Daisyworld" model.  The player's control of the planet in the game is quite comprehensive; display panels allow the player to regulate everything from atmospheric gases, with percentages to three decimal places, to the rate of continental drift, to the rate of reproduction and mutation of lifeforms. In addition, the player is given options to place equipment or items that interfere with the planet's development, such as Oxygen Generators, which increase the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere, and the monolith, a take on the one found in "", which aids in increasing intelligence of a lifeform through extraterrestrial contact.  The list of disasters ranges from natural occurrences, such as hurricanes and wild fires, to population-dependent disasters, such as plagues and pollution. Effects on the planet may be minor or major depending on the current conditions. Increased volcanic eruptions, for example, increase the amount of dust in the atmosphere, lowering global temperature; earthquakes in a body of water may produce tsunamis; and the shortage of nuclear fuel for a nuclear power-dependent civilization may potentially trigger nuclear war and nuclear winter.  Global warming can cause the planet's ice caps to melt and sea levels to rise, but if a planet gets very hot, the oceans boil away until there are no oceans left, only land. A planet without any water can have oceans brought back if hit by an "ice meteor" (a.k.a. a comet). Many things have to be kept within a certain balanced range for a planet to be able to support multicellular animal life; outside this range, only single-celled lifeforms, plants, robots, and lifeforms that have been civilized can survive. This excludes most lifeforms in this game since most are multicellular animals that are not civilized.  All player-triggered actions have a cost specified in "energy units" or "omega (Ω) units"; for example, 50 energy units are required to lay down a single terrain square, while 500 units are required to lay down a terraforming device. The energy budget is determined by the level of development of the planet, and the chosen difficulty level; on the lowest difficulty level, the energy budget is unlimited.  Gameplay itself can be somewhat mystifying; species may thrive or die out for no apparent reason. Mass extinctions, however, are often followed by periods of renewed evolutionary diversification, allowing the player to experiment with new sets of species and ecosystems.

Taxa.

A feature of the game is that all taxa of multicellular animals are on an equal footing, and thus it is possible to evolve, for example, sapient molluscs. The two single-celled lifeform taxa, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (or Bacteria and Amoebas, in-game respectively) are treated specially. Some examples of animal taxa include Radiates and Cetaceans as well as more well known taxa such as fish and birds. As an "Easter egg", there is also machine life, which can appear if a city of the highest technology level (Nanotech Age) is destroyed by a nuclear explosion. Machine life can thrive in any biome or environmental conditions, generally out-competing any other lifeforms present, and can itself eventually evolve intelligence and build cities. Additionally, there are Carniferns, which are mutated, carnivorous plants, which can occur only naturally. Having an abundance of insects allows for these life-forms to develop. Carniferns are able to develop intelligence just as animals can. In addition to the familiar types, the long-extinct "trichordates" are included. The game states that "We [the game's developers] felt sorry for them, and are giving them a chance for survival in "SimEarth"." Dinosaurs are also an included taxa.

Development.

The DOS version of "SimEarth" was released in December 1990, and was scheduled to release in Spring 1991 for the Amiga and Atari ST. Will Wright was introduced to James Lovelock by Stewart Brand, a former editor of "CoEvolution Quarterly" who lived near Wright, upon hearing about "SimEarth". Lovelock advised the development team behind "SimEarth", and particularly assisted with geophysical models. Lovelock stated in regards to the Gaia model that "Attempts to model the Earth through simple sciences such as biology or biochemistry fail because the models are oversensitive to initial conditions and prone to chaotic disturbance." Gaia models link biology and geology however, which Lovelock claimed are "for some reason stable and able to resist perturbations." Lovelock expressed that "SimEarth's" simulation has 'a degree of realism' despite it being "little more than a game", and he expressed that he hadn't seen or been involved in any computer simulations of nature on the scale of "SimEarth" at the time, noting that many professional climate models at the time didn't take clouds, the ocean, or biology into account.

Reception.

"Computer Gaming World" called "SimEarth" "absolutely fascinating". The reviewer wished that the game had more "SimCity"-like visual feedback, but stated that it was superior to the predecessor because of larger scope and greater replayability. It won the 1991 Software Publishers Association Excellence in Software Awards for Best Secondary Education Program and Best Simulation Program.  "Entertainment Weekly" gave the game an A- and wrote that "While it's never too early to teach kids to respect the biosphere, the same may not be true of introducing them to complicated simulations such as "Simearth: The Living Planet" ("FCI, for Super NES"), which has more variables (temperature, precipitation, etc.) than a polynomial equation. There's something to be said for this, though: A task as simple as 'growing a daisy'—one option offered here—requires knowing far more than which button to push to cream the bad guy."  "The One" gave the DOS version of "SimEarth" an overall score of 95%, and expressed that the game is fun'regardless of whether you know what you're doing or not', and said that experimenting with the simulation is "hours of fun". "The One" praised "SimEarth's" substantial gameplay, expressing that the game has "near-infinite variations with which to experiment." "The One" noted the game as having "tremendous educational possibilities", but simultaneously being fun and engaging.

SimEarth is a life simulation video game, the second designed by Will Wright, in which the player controls the development of a planet. The game was published in 1990 by Maxis. Versions were made for the Apple Macintosh, Commodore Amiga, IBM PC, SNES, Sega Mega-CD and TurboGrafx-16. It was also subsequently re-released on the Wii Virtual Console. In 1996 several of Maxis' simulation games were re-released under the "Maxis Collector Series" with greater compatibility with Windows 95 and differing box art, including the addition of "Classics" beneath the title. SimEarth was re-released in 1997 under the "Classics" label.

是一款由威尔·莱特设计,Maxis公司制作和发行的模拟经营类游戏。游戏于1991年12月19日在日本地区超级任天堂发行。


High school, college and the minor leagues.

Buehrle was born in St. Charles, Missouri, and attended Francis Howell North High School in St. Charles. In his sophomore year, Buehrle was cut from the school's baseball team.  After high school, Buehrle attended Jefferson College in Hillsboro, Missouri. He was later selected in the 38th round of the 1998 draft by the Chicago White Sox organization.  Buehrle began his professional career in 1999 with the White Sox' Single-A Burlington Bees. He went 7–4 with a 4.10 ERA that included a complete game shutout. Buehrle followed this up with an excellent year in 2000, going 8–4 with a 2.28 ERA for the Double-A affiliate Birmingham Barons in Hoover, Alabama, giving up only 17 walks in 119 innings. He would be named the Southern League's Most Outstanding Pitcher that season and was the winning pitcher in the Futures Game, then rated as the No. 8 prospect in the White Sox organization.  Buehrle made a total of 36 appearances in the minor leagues before joining the White Sox roster.

Major League career.

Chicago White Sox (2000-2011).

2000–2004.

Buehrle made his major league debut on July 16, 2000, pitching one inning of relief against the Milwaukee Brewers and allowing a run. Three days later he started against Minnesota, allowing six hits and two runs in seven innings while earning a win.  In 2001, Buehrle's first year as a major league starter, he went 16–8 with a 3.29 ERA. He threw 242⁄3 consecutive scoreless innings from May 26 to June 7, the most by a White Sox pitcher since Tommy John threw 25 scoreless innings in 1967. Buehrle recorded his first complete game on May 26 against the Detroit Tigers and later pitched two consecutive complete games on August 3 against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays (a one-hitter) and on August 8 against the Anaheim Angels.  In 2002, Buehrle posted a 19–12 record and ranked among the American League leaders in innings pitched (2nd, 239.0), games started (tied 2nd, 34), complete games (tied 2nd, 5), shutouts (tied 2nd, 2), wins (tied 4th, 19) and quality starts (tied 5th, 23). Buehrle pitched at least 6.0 innings 30 times and at least 8.0 innings nine times. FSN (FOX Sports Net) Chicago honored him as the White Sox Player of the Year. He was selected as a member of the Major League All-Star Team that played in Japan in November. In his one start, he allowed four runs on five hits over 3.0 IP, before leaving with a bruised left shoulder sustained when he was hit with a line drive off the bat of Hideki Matsui.  Buehrle set a career high with 35 starts in 2003. He ranked among the American League leaders in starts (tied 2nd), quality starts (3rd, 24) and innings pitched (5th).  In 2004, Buehrle led the American League in innings pitched with 2451⁄3, in games started with 35, and in complete games with 5. He ranked among the AL leaders in quality starts (3rd, 23), walks per 9.0 innings (5th, 1.87), wins (tied 6th, 16), strikeout to-walk ratio (7th, 3.24), ERA (8th, 3.89) and strikeouts (9th). Buehrle lasted at least 6.0 innings in each of his last 28 starts. On July 21 in Cleveland, he faced the minimum 27 batters in a two-hit shutout of the Indians.

2005–2008.

In 2005, Buehrle began the season with a 10–3 record, a 2.58 ERA and a 1.11 WHIP. On April 16, he finished a game against the Seattle Mariners in only 1 hour and 39 minutes, giving up only one run and three hits (all to Ichiro Suzuki), and backed by only two White Sox runs, both homers by Paul Konerko. In the game, he threw just 106 pitches. Subtracting the time spent between innings, the game took only 63 minutes to play. Buehrle was selected to the American League All-Star Team, and was named the starting pitcher after Roy Halladay could not to play due to a broken leg and pitched two innings, allowing no runs and striking out three batters while earning a win. Buehrle's streak of 49 consecutive starts of six or more innings ended on August 1, 2005 after he was ejected for hitting Baltimore Orioles outfielder B. J. Surhoff. During the White Sox playoff run, Buehrle pitched a complete game against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in Game 2 of the ALCS, the first of four consecutive complete games for White Sox starters. On October 25, 2005, Buehrle became the first pitcher in World Series history to start and save consecutive games, earning a no-decision in Game 2 and his first career save in Game 3 of the 2005 World Series, which the Sox swept from the Houston Astros, winning their first world championship since 1917.  On May 14, 2006, Buehrle became the first major-league starting pitcher in over a century to allow seven runs in the first inning but then win the game. The previous time had been on September 29, 1900, when Jack Powell of the St. Louis Cardinals pitched such a game against the Chicago Cubs. On October 30, 2006, the White Sox exercised their $9.5 million option for Buehrle's 2007 season. Buehrle finished the 2006 season 12–13 with a 4.99 ERA, his first losing season in seven major league seasons.  On April 18, 2007, Buehrle threw a no-hitter versus the Texas Rangers at U.S. Cellular Field. It was the first no-hitter in the stadium's history. It was the sixteenth such game in team history and the first since Wilson Álvarez no-hit the Baltimore Orioles on August 11, 1991. A fell walk to Sammy Sosa in the 5th inning cost him a perfect game, but he still faced the minimum number of batters, 27, by picking him off at first base two pitches later. Buehrle struck out eight Rangers during the game, throwing an efficient 106 pitches. Thanks to Buehrle's gem, the American League narrowly avoided, by mere days, five years without a no-hitter.  On July 8, 2007, Buehrle signed a four-year contract extension worth a reported $56 million with a player option worth $19 million if he was traded.  Buehrle finished the 2008 season with a 15–12 record and 3.79 ERA, pitching at least 200 innings for the eighth straight season. He induced more double plays (34) and gave up more infield hits (38) than any other pitcher in the majors, while tying for the major league lead in bunt hits allowed (9).

2009–2011.

On June 14, 2009, Buehrle hit his first major league home run, off Milwaukee Brewers starting pitcher Braden Looper, becoming the first White Sox pitcher to hit a home run in a game since Jon Garland on June 18, 2006, at Cincinnati. On July 5, 2009, Buehrle was selected to represent Chicago at the 2009 All-Star Game, where he pitched a perfect third inning.  On July 23, 2009, Buehrle threw a perfect game against the Tampa Bay Rays at U.S. Cellular Field. It was the eighteenth perfect game in MLB history and Buehrle's second career no-hitter. With the perfect game, Buehrle became the 24th pitcher to throw multiple no-hitters in a career, and the sixth perfect game pitcher who had also thrown another no-hitter, joining Cy Young, Addie Joss, Jim Bunning, Sandy Koufax, and Randy Johnson. (Roy Halladay would join them by pitching two no-hitters in 2010: a perfect game on May 29, and a second no-hitter on October 6, in the NLDS.) Coincidentally, the home plate umpire for both of Buehrle's no-hitters was Eric Cooper (who, coincidentally, shares Buehrle's number 56). He recorded the final out against Jason Bartlett on a ground ball to shortstop Alexei Ramírez. Earlier in the 9th inning, teammate DeWayne Wise, a defensive replacement, made a spectacular catch to rob Gabe Kapler of a home run and preserve the perfect game. Like his previous no-hitter, the game was completed in exactly two hours, three minutes. On July 28, his next appearance, Buehrle retired the first 17 batters he faced before finally allowing a baserunner in the sixth inning, setting an MLB record for consecutive outs at 45, which was later broken on August 28, 2014, by Yusmeiro Petit. Buehrle became only the third pitcher in MLB history (joining Cy Young and Sandy Koufax) to have a no-hitter, a perfect game, and a World Series title with the same team – a feat Buehrle accomplished with the White Sox in 2005 (World Series), 2007 (no-hitter), and 2009 (perfect game).  Illinois Governor Pat Quinn declared July 30, 2009 "Mark Buehrle Day". Prior to the game against the New York Yankees, Buehrle was given a plaque to commemorate the occasion. In September 2009, the July 23 perfect game received the "Sporting News" Performance of the Decade award.  In November 2009, Buehrle was selected for his first career Gold Glove Award. He also was honored with a Fielding Bible Award for his statistically based defensive excellence during the year.  On April 5, 2010, Buehrle made his eighth career opening day start, setting a franchise record. In that game he threw 7 and 1/3 shutout innings against the Cleveland Indians and also made an incredible play which involved him flipping the ball to first base between his legs with his glove. After this play, Web Gems on Baseball Tonight added the "Buehrle-Meter", in which they compare the day's best play to the degree of difficulty of Buehrle's. The "Buehrle-Meter" is used daily on Baseball Tonight and was proposed as an idea by Baseball Tonight's John Kruk. On August 3, 2010, Buehrle won his tenth game of the season against the Detroit Tigers pitching 7 innings allowing 2 earned runs on seven hits and striking out one batter in a 12–2 blowout. The win marked his tenth consecutive season of at least 10 wins.  In November 2010, Buehrle was selected with his second career Gold Glove Award. He is the only pitcher in MLB history to throw multiple no-hitters and win multiple Gold Gloves. He also won his second consecutive Fielding Bible Award. He followed up with his third Fielding Bible and Gold Glove Awards in 2011. In twelve seasons with the White Sox, Buehrle was 161-119, with a 3.83 ERA, appearing in four All-Star Games.

Miami Marlins (2012).

On December 7, 2011, Buehrle agreed to a four-year, $58 million contract with the Miami Marlins. In his debut with the Marlins, Buehrle recorded a loss, giving up two earned runs, in six innings pitched against the Cincinnati Reds. On May 5 Buehrle threw a complete game against the San Diego Padres. The Marlins won that game 4-1. Buehrle won his fourth straight Fielding Bible Award in 2012.  In his one season with the Marlins, Buehrle pitched to a 13–13 record with a 3.74 ERA and 125 strikeouts for a team that finished 69-93.

Toronto Blue Jays (2013–2015).

On November 19, 2012, Buehrle was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays along with Josh Johnson, José Reyes, John Buck and Emilio Bonifacio, in exchange for Jeff Mathis, Adeiny Hechavarria, Henderson Álvarez, Yunel Escobar, Jake Marisnick, Anthony DeSclafani and Justin Nicolino. On February 5, 2013, manager John Gibbons named Buehrle the number 3 starter for the 2013 season. Buehrle pitched his first complete game and shutout as a Blue Jay on July 25 against the Houston Astros, and surrendered just two hits and two walks while striking out nine. The win broke a season-long seven game losing streak for the Blue Jays. On August 25, Buehrle won for the tenth time in 2013, defeating the Houston Astros 2–1. In winning the game, he extended his streak of seasons with at least 10 wins to 13, and also ended a seven-game losing streak for the second time in 2013. Buehrle surpassed 200 innings for the 2013 season in a game against the Boston Red Sox on September 21, his 13th consecutive season with at least 200 innings pitched. He would finish the 2013 season with a record of 12–10, a 4.15 ERA, and 139 strikeouts over 203 innings pitched. On October 25, Buehrle was announced as a finalist for the AL Pitcher's Gold Glove, along with teammate R.A. Dickey and Detroit Tigers pitcher Doug Fister; however, he would finish second to Dickey in voting.  Buehrle won his first four starts of the 2014 season, and put up an ERA of 0.69. On May 1, he and teammate Melky Cabrera were named the co-winners of the Honda Player of the Month Award for April. In a 10–0 win over the Philadelphia Phillies on May 7, Buehrle earned his 6th win of the season, and became the first pitcher to do so in the 2014 season. In his following start on May 12, Buehrle retained his wins lead, earning his 7th win of the season by beating the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim 7–3. After taking a no-decision against the Texas Rangers on May 17, Buehrle earned his league-leading eighth win on May 22. He pitched seven innings and yielded only two runs to the Boston Red Sox, and in becoming the majors' first eight-game winner in 2014, gave the Jays a three-game sweep at Fenway Park and a 5–1 road trip. On May 27, Buehrle retained his lead in wins, earning his ninth of the season and extended the Blue Jays winning streak to 8 games. On June 1, Buehrle became the first starter to reach double digits in wins, taking his 10th game of the season 4–0 over the Kansas City Royals. His production would drop off considerably from that point onward, posting a record of 2–9 in the 19 starts between June 7 and September 19. On September 24, making his final start of the season, Buehrle surpassed the 200 innings pitched mark for the 14th consecutive season. He would earn the win 1–0 over the Seattle Mariners.  Buehrle began the 2015 season as the fourth starter in the Blue Jays rotation. In his first start of the season, he defeated the Baltimore Orioles 12–5 and earned the 200th win of his career, joining Bartolo Colón, Tim Hudson, and CC Sabathia as the only active pitchers with at least 200 wins. He also became the second pitcher to record his 200th win in a Blue Jays uniform, joining Roger Clemens. On May 29, Buehrle threw his first complete game of the 2015 season, defeating the Minnesota Twins 6–4. In his next start, Buehrle pitched his tenth career complete game shutout, needing only 93 pitches to defeat the Washington Nationals 8–0. He earned his 30th career win against the Minnesota Twins on August 6, becoming the 21st pitcher to have 30 or more wins against one franchise since 1961. Buehrle made what many believed to be his final appearance of the season on October 2, holding the Tampa Bay Rays to 4 runs over 6 innings and earning his 15th win. The start left him two innings short of continuing his streak of 14 seasons with 200 or more innings pitched. On October 3, it was reported that Buehrle would attempt to throw the two innings the following day, and would retire afterward, as he did not believe he would be included on the postseason roster. In the subsequent game, Buehrle was only able to pitch of an inning, after errors in the field resulted in Tampa Bay scoring eight unearned runs on five hits. After the game Buehrle, confirmed that he was not named to the Blue Jays' post-season roster, but that he had not yet made a decision about playing the next season.  He finished the 2015 season with a 15–8 record, 3.81 ERA, and 91 strikeouts. He had the fewest strikeouts per 9 innings in the major leagues (4.12), and he also led major league pitchers in highest contact percentage (89.1%) of batters against him. On October 29, Buehrle was announced as a finalist for the pitcher Gold Glove award, along with Sonny Gray and Dallas Keuchel.  In three seasons with Toronto, Buehrle was 40-28 with a 3.79 ERA, appearing in one All-Star Game. Buehrle retired at age 36, having won 10 or more games for fifteen consecutive seasons and pitching 200 or more innings in fourteen consecutive seasons.

Honors.

Buehrle's number 56 was retired by the Chicago White Sox on June 24, 2017.

Pitching style.

Buehrle threw a fastball, curveball, changeup, slider, and cut fastball. He was a command pitcher, relying more on finesse and accuracy than velocity. He was also known for being a contact pitcher, rather than striking out multiple batters. Buehrle often forced line outs, ground outs, and fly outs, with occasional strikeouts. He was considered an efficient pitcher, pitching quickly and keeping his pitch count low. Buehrle averaged 15.8 seconds between pitches, which is 2.1 seconds quicker than the next fastest pitcher.

Personal life.

Buehrle and his wife Jamie have two children: a son named Braden (born July 26, 2007) and a daughter named Brooklyn (born March 3, 2009). Buehrle grew up following the St. Louis Cardinals. On December 5, 2009 Buehrle attended an Albert Pujols charity fundraiser. He, along with Tony La Russa, bid and won an opportunity to manage the Cardinals for a day at 2010 spring training. Buehrle then gave the prize to Mickey Cunningham, a girl with Down syndrome.  Buehrle's wife Jamie had Orange County Choppers make a surprise motorcycle for Mark to celebrate his perfect game.  Buehrle and his wife are known animal rights activists, owning four dogs, and have gone on record for criticizing NFL quarterback Michael Vick, who was convicted of running a dog fighting ring. Buehrle generated controversy when he said he had, at points during the 2010 season, hoped the Philadelphia Eagles quarterback would get injured. When he was traded to Toronto, he had to leave his pit bull, Slater, behind with his family due to Ontario's ban on the breed.

Mark Alan Buehrle (; born March 23, 1979) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He began his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Chicago White Sox and started the opening game every season from 2002 to 2006 and again from 2008 to 2011. He also pitched for the Miami Marlins and Toronto Blue Jays. Buehrle pitched 200 innings in 14 consecutive seasons (2001–2014), tying Hall-of-Famers Greg Maddux, Phil Niekro, and Christy Mathewson. He recorded at least ten wins in 15 straight seasons.

马克·柏利(英语:Mark Buehrle,全名马克·艾伦·柏利,英语:Mark Alan Buehrle,1979年-3月23日,出生于美国密苏里州圣查尔斯)曾是美国职棒大联盟芝加哥白袜、迈阿密马林鱼和多伦多蓝鸟的先发左投手。


Gameplay.

The gameplay in "Princess Lover!" requires little interaction from the player, as most of the duration of the game is only spent on reading the text that appears on the lower portion of the screen, representing either dialogue between characters, or the inner thoughts of the protagonist. Every so often, the player will come to a "decision point", where he or she is given the chance to choose from multiple options. The time between these points varies and can occur anywhere from a minute to much longer. Text progression pauses at these points and depending on the choices that the player makes, the plot will progress in a specific direction. There are four main plot lines in the game that the player will have the chance to experience, one for each of the heroines in the story. To view all of the plot lines, the player will have to replay the game multiple times and make different decisions to progress the plot in an alternate direction.

Plot.

Arima Teppei lost his parents in a traffic accident. His grandfather Isshin adopted him and ordered him to succeed the head of Arima Group Corporation. At Shuuhou Gakuen, a high school only for wealthy students, Teppei's new life as a celebrity starts.

Development.

"Princess Lover!" is the first title developed by the visual novel developer Ricotta. The project is notable as the development team comprises a limited number of credited members. Scenario for the game was provided by Shōta Onoue who has previously worked on titles such as Tactics' "Tenshi no Himegodo". Art direction and character designs were done by Kei Komori who is known for his work in various dōjin titles. Komori later went on to create Ricotta's second title "".

Release history.

"Princess Lover!" was first released to the public on June 27, 2008, as a limited edition collected in a DVD playable only on Microsoft Windows. The limited edition included the game itself, and it also included a maxi single entitled "Songs From Princess Lover!". It was later followed by an all-ages consumer console release published by Comfort and released for the PlayStation 2 on January 28, 2010. The PlayStation 2 version entitled "Princess Lover!: Eternal Love For My Lady" will contain remastered graphics, and additional scenarios for Ayano Kaneko, a supporting female character being promoted to a heroine.

Adaptations.

Books and publications.

"Princess Lover!" was first adapted into a series of light novels written by Utsusemi and illustrated by Hyūma Kitsuhi. The first of the novels, titled, was released on November 29, 2008. The second of the novels, titled, was released on May 30, 2009. Both of these light novels were published by Kill Time Communication and released in regular and limited editions. The limited editions included the book itself and a telephone card; the second novel also received a version with a poster included instead. The regular editions of did not contain the aforementioned extras. A third light novel series, titled "Princess Lover! Silvia van Hossen's Romance 2" and also written by Utsusemi and illustrated by Kitsuhi, began serialization in Kill Time Communication's "Nijiken Dream Magazine" on June 17, 2009.  A 135-page visual fan book for "Princess Lover!" was published by Max on December 2, 2008. The book contained illustrations and computer graphics used in the visual novel and various publications, introduction and explanations of the story and characters, production design and sketches, and interview with the development team, and also a short story entitled "Little Princess!"

Manga.

There have been two manga adaptations based on "Princess Lover!" The first manga series was illustrated by Japanese artist Naoha Yuigi, and it was first serialized in Media Factory's Media Factory Mobile! service for mobile phones on March 20, 2009. A second manga series was also serialized in Kill Time Communication's "Comic Valkyrie". The manga, which began serialization while the first was still ongoing, was illustrated by Yū Midorigi and received assistance from Utsusemi, the author of the light novel adaptations.

Anime.

The anime adaptation of "Princess Lover!" was first formally announced in March 2009 via its official website. The anime was produced by GoHands as the animation studio's first production, and it was directed by Hiromitsu Kanazawa and written by Makoto Nakamura. It was first exhibited as a video in a public showing in Akihabara on June 21, 2009, and again at Television Kanagawa's Tvk Anime Matsuri 2009 exhibition in Nippon Seinenkan in Shinjuku, on June 27, 2009. Both events featured a public showing of the anime's first episode along with "Umineko no Naku Koro ni", in addition to various other anime for the Tvk Anime Matsuri event. The anime began its televised broadcast in Japan on July 5, 2009, on the Chiba TV and TV Kanagawa broadcasting networks, ending on September 20, 2009. They also released an uncensored version in the webcast section.

OVA.

On September 24, 2010, a 2-part "Princess Lover!" adult OVA was animated by Hoods Entertainment under the name "Public Enemies". It features Sylvia as the main heroine and contains an original story with various erotic scenes. It was released on DVD by the adult anime label.

"Princess Lover!" has received several transitions to other media. The game was first adapted into three light novels written by Utsusemi and illustrated by Hyūma Kitsuhi. It was then followed by two manga adaptations: the first, illustrated by Naoha Yuigi, began serialization in Media Factory's Media Factory Mobile! service on March 20, 2009; and the second, illustrated by Yū Midorigi, began its serialization in the manga magazine "Comic Valkyrie" on July 27, 2009. An anime adaptation produced by the animation studio GoHands also began its broadcast in Japan on July 5, 2009, and it was later followed by other networks in the same month. An Internet radio show has also been produced to promote the anime adaptation, and began its broadcast on July 3, 2009. A two-part adult OVA series was released in late 2010.

是日本成人游戏制作公司Ricotta于2008年6月27日发售的美少女游戏及其改编的2009年电视动画。Ricotta的第一部作品,同时也是插画家的商业出道作品及动画制作公司GoHands的第一作。2010年1月28日由COMFORT发售PlayStation 2版《Princess Lover! ～Eternal Love For My Lady～》。2010年秋季发行OVA作品,女主角为西尔维娅·范·霍森。


History.

Tradition holds that a primitive oratory or church was founded at the site during the years 523-526, under the papacy of John I. This structure was located near the Porticus Octaviae (giving the church and icon its name of "Madonna of the Portico"). The structure was created to house a venerated 25 cm-high icon of the Virgin Mary and Saints Peter and Paul. Tradition claimed the icon appeared miraculously in 524 at the table of Galla, a Roman woman who was helping the poor, and it was said to be carried in processions since 590. The initial church structure was the no-longer extant Oratory of Santa Galla, located across the piazza from the present church, and which was attached to a hospital of the same name. More recent analysis of the style and dendrochronology of the icon date it to the 11th century.  Circa 1656, the city of Rome was ravaged by plague, and it was felt that the prayers to this icon, which had been carried in procession through the streets, had played a role in stopping the epidemic. This putative miraculous intervention prompted Pope Alexander VII to erect a grander church, instead of the ancient oratory, to house the icon. He commissioned the high Baroque design from Carlo Rainaldi, and construction took place between 1659 and 1667. The church was kept under the maintenance by the order of Clerics Regular of the Mother of God, that had been founded in Lucca.  Rainaldi's facade has a complex stacking of two levels of travertine Corinthian (below) and composite columns, detached from the facade, and emphasizing a strong vertical lines. The original design included statues which were however never executed. The portal has an inscription offering "plenary indulgence daily to the living and dead".  Santa Maria in Portico is a diaconate; it has as its current Cardinal-Deacon Michael Louis Fitzgerald.

Interior.

The main altar of the church houses the icon in a gilded "glory" or "gloria" of angels, clouds and rays of light, recalling the effects used by Bernini for the apse of Basilica of St Peter. This main altar was designed circa 1666 by either the Bernini pupil Melchiorre Caffà, or by Giovanni Antonio de Rossi. There is a staircase behind the 'gloria' allowing a better view of the icon, open by request only.  The first chapel on the right has an altarpiece depicting "St Michael Archangel" by Sebastiano Conca. The second chapel, designed by Rainaldi, has an altarpiece depicting "Saints Anne, Joseph, and Mary" by Luca Giordano. The angels are by Michel Maille, Francesco Cavallini, and Francesco Baratta. The third chapel on the right displays an ancient Roman alabaster column, previously part of the old oratory.  In the right crossing is the funerary monument of Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca (died 1863), sculpted by Ferdinando Pettrich. The main altar (of 1667), designed by Rainaldi, was completed by Antonio De Rossi, Ferrata and Giovanni Paolo Schor. The main altar enshrines the small icon of the Virgin mentioned above.  In the third chapel to the left is an altarpiece depicting the "Conversion of St Paul" by Ludovico Gimignani. The ceiling was frescoed by Ricciolini. This chapel was commissioned by a member of the Capizucchi family, and designed by Mattia de Rossi.  The second chapel on the left was commissioned by Cardinal Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni, and designed by Giovanni Battista Contini. The angels in the cardinal's funerary monument here were sculpted by Giuseppe Mazzuoli. The main altarpiece was painted by Il Baciccia, while the ceiling frescoes were painted by Giacinto Calandrucci.  In the first chapel on the left, was refurbished (1705) by commission of Prince Angelo Altieri, and designed by Sebastiano Cipriani. The bas-relief altarpiece depicts a "Holy Family and Blessed Ludovica Albertoni" by Lorenzo Ottoni. The site chosen for this church included the location of the house where Ludovica Albertoni had lived. In 1669 Gaspare Paluzzi Albertoni had married Laura Caterina Altieri, niece of Pope Clement X. This Pope, whose family name would have otherwise died, had this Albertoni change their surnames to Altieri. Flanking the Baroque Ottoni relief are two neoclassical funerary monuments of Altieri family members.  To the left of the facade is a fountain by Giacomo della Porta.  Since the time of the James Francis Edward Stuart, the church has been a center of devotion praying for the conversion of England back to Catholicism.

Santa Maria in Campitelli or Santa Maria in Portico is a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary on the narrow Piazza di Campitelli in Rione Sant'Angelo, Rome, Italy.

金碧地利圣母堂()是一座敬礼圣母的天主教圣堂,位于意大利罗马金碧地利广场(Piazza di Campitelli)。该堂也作为司铎级枢机领衔圣堂。