Plot.

On April 20, 2010, "Deepwater Horizon", an oil drilling rig operated by private contractor Transocean, is set to begin drilling off the southern coast of Louisiana on behalf of BP. Chief Electronics Technician Michael "Mike" Williams and Offshore Installation Manager James "Mr. Jimmy" Harrell are surprised to learn that the workers assigned to test the integrity of recently completed cement work are being sent home early, without conducting a cement bond log (CBL), at the insistence of BP managers Donald Vidrine and Robert Kaluza. While Mike prepares the drilling team, including Caleb Holloway, Harrell meets with Vidrine and persuades him to conduct a test, which only serves to weaken the already poorly placed cement further. His patience thinning, and without waiting for Harrell to confirm the results, Vidrine orders the well to be flowed.  At first, the operation goes smoothly, but the cement job eventually fails completely, triggering a massive blowout that overpowers and kills the drill team members Keith Manuel, Shane Roshto, Roy Kemp, Karl Kleppinger, Adam Weise, and Gordon Jones.  A chain of equipment malfunctions, coupled with a failed attempt to seal the well, ignites the oil, killing Dewey Revette, Stephen Curtis, Jason Anderson, and Donald Clark. Andrea Fleytas, the rig's Dynamic Position Operator, tries to alert the Coast Guard, only to be overruled by her superior, Captain Curt Kuchta, on the grounds that the rig is not in any imminent danger, at least until the rig erupts in flames, then Kuchta sends out his own call for help. With oil now spewing into the ocean, an oil-covered pelican flies into the bridge of a nearby vessel, the "Damon Bankston", and dies; the vessel heads towards the rig just as the workers begin a frantic evacuation, sending out a rescue team after seeing the rig burst into flames. Harrell, still alive, although seriously injured in the explosion, is rescued by Mike and assumes control of the situation, only to discover that the rig cannot be saved. Aaron Dale Burkeen, a close friend of Mike's, sacrifices himself to keep a burning crane from collapsing onto the surviving crew, while Mike and Caleb are able to rescue Vidrine and Kaluza and get them to safety.  As night falls and the burning oil lights up the area, the Coast Guard becomes aware of the incident and sends a ship to rescue the survivors, who are being ferried in the lifeboats to the "Damon Bankston". With all the lifeboats full, Mike locates the emergency life raft, but it becomes separated from the rig before he and Andrea can board, causing the latter to suffer a panic attack. Just as the oil in the well itself ignites and destroys the rig, the two jump into the water and are picked up by rescuers, who then ferry them to the "Damon Bankston", where the surviving crew mourn their lost crewmen and say the Lord's Prayer.  Returned home, the workers reunite with their families in a hotel lobby, during which the father of one of the crew members reprimands Mike, asking where his son is and if he got off the rig, resulting in Mike having a panic attack himself.  The film ends with a series of clips showing the aftermath of the disaster, including testimony from the real-life Mike Williams and the revelation that Donald Vidrine and Robert Kaluza were the only two people prosecuted for their actions; both were charged with eleven cases of manslaughter. Pictures appear of the eleven men who lost their lives before the credits. The movie postscript reads: "The blowout lasted for 87 days, spilling an estimated 210 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. It was the worst oil disaster in U.S. history."

Production.

Development and writing.

On March 8, 2011, it was announced that Summit Entertainment, Participant Media, and Image Nation had acquired the film rights to "The New York Times" article "Deepwater Horizon's Final Hours", written by David Barstow, David S. Rohde, and Stephanie Saul, and published on December 25, 2010, about the 2010 "Deepwater Horizon" explosion and subsequent oil spill. Matthew Sand was set to write the screenplay, while Lorenzo di Bonaventura was in talks to produce the film under his Di Bonaventura Pictures banner. Summit and Participant Media/Imagination would also finance the film. On acquiring the article to develop into a film, the president of Participant Media, Ricky Strauss said, This is a perfect fit for us–a suspenseful and inspiring real-life account of everyday people whose values are tested in the face of an impending environmental disaster.  On July 24, 2012, Ric Roman Waugh was in talks with the studios to direct the film, Mark Vahradian was set to produce the film along with Bonaventura, and Lions Gate Entertainment also joined the project to produce and distribute. On July 11, 2014, it was announced that "All Is Lost's" director J. C. Chandor had been hired to direct the film; the screenplay's first draft was written by Sand, while Matthew Michael Carnahan wrote the second draft. In early October, it was confirmed that Summit would distribute the film, not Lionsgate. On January 30, 2015, it was reported that "Lone Survivor" director Peter Berg had replaced Chandor, and would re-team with Wahlberg on the film. Chandor exited due to creative differences.

Casting.

On August 19, 2014, casting began, with actor Mark Wahlberg added in the lead role of the film. Wahlberg plays Mike Williams, a real-life electronics technician on the "Deepwater Horizon" oil rig. On March 18, 2015, Gina Rodriguez was set to play a woman named Andrea Fleytas, who was on the bridge on board the Deepwater Horizon at the time of the blowout, and frantically tried to contact the Coast Guard. On April 10, 2015, "Deadline" reported that Dylan O'Brien was in talks to play Caleb Holloway. Kurt Russell joined the film on the same day O'Brien was in talks. Soon after, John Malkovich was confirmed cast, as a BP representative who fatally underestimates the dangers of working on the rig. Kate Hudson was announced as a cast member in May 2015, and playing the wife of Wahlberg's character; her role will be her first on-screen pairing with Russell, her stepfather, although they shared no dialogue in the film, only a hug.

Filming.

Principal photography on the film began on April 27, 2015. It was officially announced by Lionsgate on May 18, 2015 that filming had begun in New Orleans, Louisiana. Production designer Chris Seagers built a 70-foot-tall, 85% scale version of the "Deepwater Horizon" rig in the parking lot of the abandoned Six Flags New Orleans park. The set included a functional helipad and elevators. Beneath it was a tank filled with two million gallons of water, simulating the Gulf of Mexico.  The film cost a total of $156 million to produce, with $122 million spent in Louisiana. As a result, Lionsgate (the studio financing the film) received a $37.7 million subsidy from the state, under Louisiana's film incentive program. Later estimates put the amount at $110 million.

Release.

"Deepwater Horizon" had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival, on September 13, where it received a standing ovation from audiences after the screening. It opened in theaters on September 30, 2016, distributed by Summit Entertainment in the United States and Canada, and by Lionsgate Entertainment internationally.

Box office.

"Deepwater Horizon" grossed $61.4 million in the United States and Canada and $60.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $121.8 million, against a net production budget of around $110 million. The Hollywood Reporter judged it one of 2016's fourteen biggest box-office bombs.  In the United States and Canada, "Deepwater Horizon" was projected to gross $16–20 million from 3,259 theaters in its opening weekend, although some publications noted Wahlberg's films tend to outperform box office projections. The film made $860,000 from its Thursday night previews at 2,400 theaters, and $7.1 million on its first day. In total, the film earned $20.2 million during its opening weekend, debuting at number two at the box office behind Tim Burton's "Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children". The film was released at a time when the marketplace was already dominated by two other adult-skewing pictures, "The Magnificent Seven" and "Sully". The film over-performed in the Gulf Coast region, and also did exceptionally well in IMAX, which earned $2.7 million of the film's total opening weekend.  The film's opening weekend was regarded as underwhelming and a disappointment, given its hefty production budget, but dramas released during the fall, and Wahlberg's films, tend to have box office legs. "Forbes" called the opening "good, but not great", especially considering the solid reviews. While most adult-skewing films would generally be made on a conservative budget in order to protect themselves financially, "Deepwater Horizon" was produced for $110–120 million (after tax rebates). Box office analyst Jeff Block said the film was "a hard sell. This should have been a $60 million film. The budget was out of control." Recent real-life drama films such as "Sully" ($60 million budget), "Bridge of Spies" ($40 million) and "Captain Phillips" ($55 million) were made for more moderate amounts. "The Hollywood Reporter" noted that when Hollywood spends north of $100 million on a film, it is intended for a much broader audience, but that was not the case for "Deepwater Horizon", as the main demographics were adults, with 67% of the total ticket buyers during its opening weekend being over the age of 35. Another possible reason for the film's mediocre debut was its marketing miss, which was also a subject of criticism; from the outset, Lionsgate marketed the film as a heroic tale versus an issues-oriented movie. The name ""Deepwater Horizon"" itself is more associated with the aftermath of the spill than the heroics of the men who survived and helped their fellow workers. "The Hollywood Reporter" estimated the film lost at least $60 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.  Outside North America, "Deepwater Horizon" opened simultaneously in 52 markets, and grossed $12.4 million, of which IMAX made up $1 million 119 IMAX screens. The U.K. was the top earning market, with $2.6 million, followed by the Middle East ($1.5 million), Taiwan ($1.4 million), Australia ($1.3 million), and Russia ($1.2 million). In China, the film opened on Tuesday, November 15, where it delivered a six-day opening weekend of $7.9 million, debuting in third place, behind local film "I Am Not Madame Bovary" and the continuation of "Doctor Strange". The next major markets to open were Germany (November 24) and Spain (November 25).

Critical response.

"Deepwater Horizon" received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 83% based on 254 reviews with an average rating of 6.97/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Deepwater Horizon" makes effective use of its titular man-made disaster to deliver an uncommonly serious – yet still suitably gripping – action thriller." On Metacritic, the film has a score 68 out of 100 based on 52 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.  Todd McCarthy of "The Hollywood Reporter" gave the film a positive review, writing, "ruggedness and resilience counts for far more in the characterizations here than does nuance, and everyone delivers as required. From a craft and technical point of view, the film is all but seamless, a credit to the extra care taken to avoid a CGI look." Mike Ryan of "Uproxx" praised the film's performances and ability to make audiences angry at BP: "I’ll be honest, I didn’t think we needed a movie about this subject. I’ve changed my mind. And, if nothing else, I hope it gets people angry again, because the people who did this to our planet, and killed 11 people in the process, got off too easy." Benjamin Lee of "The Guardian" praised Berg's direction as "admirably, uncharacteristically restrained...[He] stages the action horribly well, capturing the panic and gruesome mayhem without the film ever feeling exploitative. It’s spectacularly constructed, yet it doesn’t forget about the loss of life, ensuring that, despite thin characterisation, the impact is felt."  Former crew members started their own crowd-funded documentary project before the film's release, out of frustration with factual liberties taken in the film script and in the media.

Deepwater Horizon is a 2016 American disaster film based on the "Deepwater Horizon" explosion and oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Peter Berg directed it from a screenplay by Matthew Michael Carnahan and Matthew Sand. It stars Mark Wahlberg, Kurt Russell, John Malkovich, Gina Rodriguez, Dylan O'Brien, and Kate Hudson. It is adapted from the December 25, 2010 The New York Times article "Deepwater Horizon's Final Hours", written by David Barstow, David Rohde, and Stephanie Saul.

是一部于2016年上映的美国传记灾难惊悚剧情片,由彼得·柏格执导。电影改编自真实事件,描述2010年在墨西哥湾的深水地平线钻油平台发生爆炸事件和漏油事故。电影主演包括马克·华伯格、寇特·罗素、约翰·马克维奇、吉娜·罗德里奎、狄伦·欧布莱恩与凯特·哈德森。


Plot.

At the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885, the Congo Basin is claimed by King Leopold II of the Belgians. Five years later, Leopold has accrued massive debts in exploiting the resources of the Congo Free State, and sends his envoy Léon Rom to secure the fabled diamonds of Opar. Rom's expedition is massacred by warriors led by Chief Mbonga, who offers Rom diamonds in exchange for Tarzan.  The man once called "Tarzan", John Clayton III, has left Africa for his ancestral estate in Britain with his American wife, Jane, and embraced life as the wealthy Lord Greystoke. The British Prime Minister offers John an invitation from Leopold to visit Boma. The prime minister and an American envoy, George Washington Williams, explain that Leopold is defaulting on his loans, and a visit from Greystoke – whose exploits as Tarzan have made him a celebrity – would secure Britain's influence in the Congo, but John refuses. George reveals to John his suspicions that Leopold is enslaving the Congolese population, and persuades John to go to the Congo to discover the truth. A flashback reveals the deaths of John's parents after their shipwreck in Africa, and his adoption by the great apes called the Mangani.  John, Jane, and George journey to the Congo, circumventing Rom and his corrupt financier Mr. Frum, and are welcomed by the Kuba village of John and Jane's youth. Jane tells George of John's life with the Mangani, and how she first met him. Rom and his men capture the villagers, killing their chief. George rescues John, but Jane and the captive villagers are taken aboard Rom's steamship. Rom reveals to Jane that he arranged John's invitation from Leopold to deliver him to Mbonga. Pursuing the steamship, John, George, and the village's remaining warriors seize a train carrying Belgian soldiers and enslaved Congolese. An engineer informs them of Rom's plan to take over the Congo, sanctioned by Leopold: using slave labor, Rom has built forts across the region, linked by railway and river travel, for an army of 20,000 mercenaries soon to arrive. With Leopold bankrupt, Rom needs the diamonds of Opar to pay for the army.  Finding documents that will expose Leopold, John and George leave the proof with the Kuba warriors and rescued slaves to deliver to Boma, and the pair continue on through Mangani territory. Confronted by the apes, John is forced to fight their leader, his adoptive brother Akut. John loses, but he and George are permitted to travel on. Jane and a friend from the village escape the steamship and flee into the jungle. Sending him to rally the other tribes, Jane encounters the Mangani, and Rom's men open fire on the apes. John arrives, saving the surviving Mangani, and pursues Rom, who takes Jane to Mbonga's tribe. It is revealed that years ago, Mbonga's son was killed by John for killing John's adoptive ape mother, Kala. Mbonga attacks John, who gains the upper hand but spares the chief. George and the Mangani arrive, and he and John convince Mbonga that Rom is their common enemy.  Rom takes Jane and the diamonds to Boma, where the mercenary army approaches shore. John and George send a massive stampede of wildebeest through the town, overrunning Rom's men, as the Kuba warriors arrive by train and free their families. John rescues Jane and pursues Rom, who prepares to deliver the diamonds to Frum and the mercenaries. Williams sinks Rom's steamship with a Maxim gun, but Rom strangles John with his spider silk rosary. Using a mating call to summon crocodiles, John breaks free and leaves Rom to be devoured by the crocodiles, escaping as the vessel's boiler explodes. Frum and the fleet of mercenaries depart. George returns to London and presents the prime minister with an open letter to Leopold exposing the slavery and abuses of the Congolese people. One year later, John and Jane have relocated to Africa, in Jane's father's old house. They celebrate their newborn child, and John returns to the great apes as Tarzan.

Production.

Development.

An updated version of Tarzan had been in the works since at least 2003, with John August writing. However, by 2008, it was reported that a different version, co-written by Stephen Sommers and Stuart Beatle, that was said to resemble the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series, was in development. By 2011, Craig Brewer, who also rewrote a version of the script, was set to direct the film, although this did not come to pass. Instead, David Yates was chosen to direct in 2012. Other directors in the running included Susanna White and Gary Ross. In April 2013, it was reported that the production was temporarily suspended due to budgetary concerns.

Casting.

For a while, producer Jerry Weintraub wanted swimmer Michael Phelps to play the title role, feeling that he was the heir apparent to Johnny Weissmuller, the actor who had famously played Tarzan, and who was also a prominent competitive swimmer. Weintraub reportedly changed his mind after watching Phelps host "Saturday Night Live", for only two minutes. Other early contenders for the role included Henry Cavill, Tom Hardy, and Charlie Hunnam. On November 14, 2012, Alexander Skarsgård was cast in the title role, the choice of director Yates, while Samuel L. Jackson was being eyed to play Williams in the film. Yates found Skarsgård to be the perfect Tarzan. He liked that he was born in Sweden but had found a career in America, so "he has this wonderful quality of not quite belonging to one or the other", he said. On March 6, 2013, it was reported that Yates wanted Jessica Chastain to play Jane Porter. On September 26, 2013, Christoph Waltz was in talks to play the villain in the film; he was later cast, as Captain Rom.  The studio eyed Margot Robbie and Emma Stone to play the female lead character, Jane Porter. Emma Watson, Sarah Bolger, Georgina Haig, Lucy Hale, Lyndsy Fonseca, Eleanor Tomlinson, Gabriella Wilde, Lucy Boynton and Cressida Bonas were all considered for the part. On January 18, 2014, Robbie was cast in the film, opposite Skarsgård, beating Stone for the role. On June 4, Djimon Hounsou was set to play Chief Mbonga in the film. On June 17, Osy Ikhile was added to the cast to play a supporting role, but the character was not then named. Casper Crump was cast to play Captain Kerchover. The release of the first trailer in December 2015 revealed that Jim Broadbent was also part of the cast.

Filming.

Principal photography on the film commenced on June 30, 2014, at Warner Bros. Studios in Leavesden, Hertfordshire, England. Filming had begun on the day an announcement was made for the expansion of the studio. Filming wrapped the same year on October 3. Filming took place for a total of 70 days. According to "The Wall Street Journal", shooting the film in Africa would have made the budget even higher.  Making Africa seem authentic was especially important to the filmmakers, since the film was shot in England, except for six weeks in Gabon, filming background by helicopter without the cast. A working waterfall and a 100-foot-long collapsible pier were assembled at Warner Bros.’ Leavesden studios. Seven versions of the African jungle were constructed to show different scenery throughout the filming. Plants from Holland were mixed with trees sculpted by the art department. Kedleston Hall stood in for the Greystoke Manor, and a cedar tree on the grounds of Highclere Castle served as the setting for an early pivotal scene between Tarzan and Jane.

Soundtrack.

The film's score was composed by Rupert Gregson-Williams. The soundtrack was released on June 16, 2016 by WaterTower Music and on CD on June 24, 2016. Tony Clarke, Thomas Farnon, and Tom Howe are credited for additional music. Hozier provided a single, "Better Love", which is played at the film's end credits.

Release.

The film was released on July 1, 2016 by Warner Bros., in traditional formats as well as 3D and IMAX 3D.

Home media.

The film was released on October 11, 2016, in traditional formats, Blu-ray, DVD and 4K Blu-ray.

Reception.

Box office.

"The Legend of Tarzan" grossed $126.6 million in the United States and Canada and $230.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $356.7 million. Given its $180 million production budget, it would have had to have earned at least $400 million to break even and justify a sequel. "Deadline Hollywood"s financial analysts stated that the film lost the studio an estimated $40 million, although the studio itself asserted the film broke even.  In the United States and Canada, "The Legend of Tarzan" opened alongside "The BFG" and "", and was projected to gross to $25–33 million in its opening weekend. It opened Friday, July 1, 2016 across 3,561 theaters and 6,700 screens, and grossed $14 million on its opening day, including $1.4 million in IMAX showings. This includes $2.6 million it made from Thursday night previews. In its opening weekend, buoyed by positive word of mouth, the film grossed a better-than-expected $38.5 million, of which IMAX contributed $3.9 million, and $45.6 million over its four-day Independence Day holiday frame, finishing second place at the box office behind "Finding Dory", but first among new releases. However, despite its opening numbers, "Deadline" called the film a "dud", due to its lofty budget.  Internationally, "The Legend of Tarzan" received a scattered release pattern, in order to take advantage of the competitive landscape surrounding the 2016 European Championship. It is likely that a recoup of the film's hefty production budget will be dependent on international audiences and returns. Jeff Goldstein, Warner's executive vice president of domestic distribution, told "The New York Times", "This property has always really been about the international opportunity." The film opened across 19 markets on the same weekend it debuted in North America, including major territories like Russia and South Korea. In its opening weekend, it grossed $19.3 million on about 6,700 screens, and an IMAX total of $1.2 million from 122 IMAX theaters. In Russia and the CIS, it opened with $3.1 million, debuting in first place at the box office. However, it was the lowest No. 1 opening for a film since April, while in South Korea it debuted at No. 2, with $4 million. In the latter market, it faced significant competition from local films "Familyhood" and "The Hunt", both of which performed strongly. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it came in second place with $4.7 million, including previews, debuting behind the animated "The Secret Life of Pets", and in Australia with $3.2 million, behind "Finding Dory". Elsewhere, Asia had No. 1 openings in India, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. The studio also reported No. 1 debuts in Mexico ($4.6 million), Brazil ($3.4 million), Spain ($1.8 million), Italy ($1.6 million), the majority of Eastern European markets, and Puerto Rico. Germany ($2 million), the UAE ($1.6 million), and Japan ($1.5 million) had similar opening figures.  In China – the film's second biggest market – the film was granted a rare release date in the month of July, a peculiar move since July is typically the month when Chinese regulators ban foreign films (including Hollywood films) in order to protect and promote their own local films. It opened on Tuesday, July 19, and made $7 million on its opening day. It went on to deliver a six-day opening of around $27 million and a three-day weekend opening of $12 million. Although the opening number was regarded strong, it came in second place, behind "Skiptrace", which occupied a market share in excess of 56%, in comparion to "The Legend of Tarzan"s 16%.  In terms of total earnings, its biggest markets outside of the United States are China ($45.1 million), Mexico ($13.7 million) and the U.K. and Ireland ($11.9 million).

Critical response.

"The Legend of Tarzan" received generally mixed reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 36% based on 241 reviews with an average rating of 5.07/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""The Legend of Tarzan" has more on its mind than many movies starring the classic character, but that isn't enough to make up for its generic plot or sluggish pace." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 44 out of 100 based on 41 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.  Manohla Dargis of "The New York Times" gave the film a positive review, stating "What makes it more enjoyable than a lot of recycled stories of this type is that the filmmakers have given Tarzan a thoughtful, imperfect makeover." In his review, Peter Travers of "Rolling Stone" stated "At least it's watchable. In summer, baby, that's high praise."  Peter Debruge of "Variety" gave the film a negative review, stating "A talky and mostly turgid attempt by British director David Yates to build on the epic vision he brought to the final four "Harry Potter" movies via another beloved literary hero." Jordan Hoffman of "The Guardian" criticized the film for its story and writing, stating "Committed performances aren’t enough to save this film from uncomfortable colonial optics, uninspiring CGI and tedious plotlines."

The Legend of Tarzan is a 2016 adventure film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on Edgar Rice Burroughs' 1912 novel of the same name. The film was written by Adam Cozad and Craig Brewer and stars Alexander Skarsgård as Tarzan, as well as Samuel L. Jackson, Margot Robbie, Djimon Hounsou, Jim Broadbent, and Christoph Waltz in supporting roles. Its story follows John Clayton (Tarzan), who after moving to London, is convinced by George Washington Williams to return to his former home in the jungles of Africa, to investigate claims of slavery.

《泰山传奇》(英语:The Legend of Tarzan)是一部2016年美国动作冒险片,由大卫·叶慈执导,克雷格·布鲁尔和亚当·科扎德(Adam Cozad)负责编剧。改编自爱德加·莱斯·巴勒斯所创作的虚构人物泰山。由亚历山大·史柯斯嘉饰演主角泰山,其他主演包括玛格·罗比、山缪·杰克森、克里斯多夫·华兹与吉蒙·翰苏。电影排于2016年7月1日在美国上映(含3D和IMAX 3D版本)。电影是献给于2015年7月6日去世的监制杰瑞·温特劳布。


Personal life.

Kocian was born and raised in Dallas, Texas. Her parents, Thomas and Cindy Kocian, put her in gymnastics at a young age. At age five her parents began taking Kocian to World Olympic Gymnastics Academy (WOGA) in Plano, Texas for her gymnastics training. WOGA is owned by Valeri Liukin and was the gym where Olympic All Around champions Carly Patterson and Nastia Liukin trained. Patterson and Liukin served as early inspirations for Kocian, particularly Liukin who Kocian has likened to an older sister. Kocian has one younger brother. Kocian was raised Catholic.  Kocian attended Spring Creek Academy in Plano, Texas, the same school that Patterson and Liukin attended. Kocian graduated from high school in 2015. She committed to attend UCLA in fall of 2016 and competed for UCLA women's gymnastics.  On August 16, 2018, Kocian came forward as a survivor of Larry Nassar's sexual abuse alongside UCLA teammate Kyla Ross.

Junior career.

2009–2010.

Kocian made the U.S. Junior National Team in 2009, when she was 12. At the National Championships, she placed sixth in the all-around. Later that year, Kocian was selected to compete for Team USA at the Top Gym Junior competition in Charleroi, Belgium. She won a bronze medal in the all-around competition, a gold on the uneven bars, and a silver on the balance beam.  In 2010, at age 13, Kocian placed fifth at the U.S. Classic in Chicago and qualified to compete at the U.S. National Championships in Hartford, Connecticut, where she won a bronze medal on the uneven bars.

2011–2012.

In 2011, Kocian competed in only two meets, the WOGA Classic and City of Jesolo Trophy, an international meet held in Venice, Italy. In Italy, she won the gold in the Junior Division, scoring 57.750. In 2012, Kocian missed the season due to an injury but earned a silver medal at the WOGA Classic.

Senior career.

2013.

Kocian's senior career started in 2013, at the Secret U.S Classic, held in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, where she placed 7th all-around and earned a silver on the bars, scoring 14.450. Qualifying to the U.S Nationals, Kocian started off well on the uneven bars and balance beam but on her third pass on the floor exercise, she twisted her ankle and was taken out of the competition, missing the vault rotation as well as Day Two. She was not selected for the World Championship team but she still was named to the National Team.

2014.

She started off her 2014 season competing at the WOGA Classic, an International meet hosted by her club.  Kocian competed on two events, bars and beam, at the 2014 Secret U.S. Classic, finishing second on bars and 12th overall.  At nationals, she competed on balance beam and uneven bars. On bars, she won the silver. She placed 5th on beam.  In August and September, Kocian competed at the Pan American Championships in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. She helped the American team place first in the team competition. In the event finals, she placed second on the uneven bars, scoring 14.825.  On September 17, Kocian was selected to compete at the 2014 World Championships in Nanning, China. In qualifications, she competed in the all-around and qualified in 14th place with a score of 55.966, but did not make it into the all-around final due to the two-per-country rule and Simone Biles, Kyla Ross and Mykayla Skinner having higher scores. She competed in the team final on the bars, and contributed a bars score of 14.900 to the U.S. team's gold-medal finish.

2015.

On July 25, Kocian competed at the Secret U.S. Classic and finished first on uneven bars with a score of 15.600, ahead of 2012 Olympic all-around champion and uneven bars finalist Gabby Douglas and Bailie Key. She also placed ninth on balance beam with a shaky routine with several wobbles, scoring a 13.850.  On August 13 and 15, Kocian competed at the 2015 P&G Championships, where she competed in the all-around for the first time since 2013 where she severely injured her ankle. She placed 6th in the all-around with a two-night total of 115.950, placing behind Simone Biles, Maggie Nichols, Aly Raisman, Bailie Key, and Gabby Douglas. She placed ahead of her WOGA teammate Alyssa Baumann and 2014 Worlds teammate Mykayla Skinner by 0.250.  Kocian started on beam where she fell on her Arabian and had a shaky routine and scored a 13.100. On floor, she had a low landing on her double Arabian but stuck her double pike. She scored a 13.800 with a 5.6 start value. On vault, she landed her double-twisting Yurchenko and scored a 14.650. On bars, her best event, she had beautiful lines and execution that included a Komova II-Pak Salto-Chow 1/2 connections and landed her tucked full-in for a score of 15.500, the highest bar score of the night. She ended the night in 11th place with a total all-around score of 57.050.  On Night 2, Kocian started on floor where she had better landings on her tumbling passes for a score of 14.250, totaling her score to 28.050, placing 8th on the event. On vault, she performed a well-executed double-twisting Yurchenko and scored a 14.800. On bars, she repeated her difficult routine with excellent connections and stuck her tucked-full in dismount for a score of 15.600. With her total of 31.100, she took first on the event ahead of 2014 national uneven bars champion and 2014 Worlds teammate Ashton Locklear and Key. On beam, she took out her Arabian because she fell on the skill on Night 1 and tweaked her ankle. She added a few connections to keep her start value consistent. She scored a 14.250. She placed 12th on the event with a total of 27.350.

2015 World Championships.

Kocian was named to the Senior National Team once again and was selected to compete at the 2015 World Championships in Glasgow, Scotland. At these World Championships she anchored the USA on uneven bars toward its third consecutive team title, and qualified third to the uneven bars final.  In the uneven bars final, she scored a 15.366, placing her in a historic four-way tie for the gold medal with Russians Viktoria Komova and Daria Spiridonova, and China's Fan Yilin. Kocian joined Marcia Frederick (1978), Shannon Miller (1993), Courtney Kupets (2002), Chellsie Memmel and Hollie Vise (2003), and Nastia Liukin (2005) as the American world champions on uneven bars. She also became the third uneven bars world champion from her gym, WOGA, joining Vise and Liukin.

2016.

In February, Kocian competed on the balance beam and the uneven bars at the WOGA Classic and placed first on both events, with scores of 15.550 and 15.700, respectively. She also placed first as part of the WOGA team.  In March, Kocian, along with fellow National Team members Simone Biles, Gabby Douglas, Maggie Nichols, and Aly Raisman, attended the Team USA Media Summit in Los Angeles, an event for the media to interview and interact with athletes who will compete at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. Kocian attended the event on crutches and wearing a boot, and confirmed to reporters that she had a minor ankle injury that would likely take her out of contention for the 2016 City of Jesolo Trophy and 2016 Pacific Rim Championships teams. She recovered in time to compete in the U.S. Classic, the P&G Gymnastics Championships, and the 2016 Olympic Team Trials.  On July 10, 2016, Kocian was named to the U.S. team for the 2016 Olympics alongside Biles, Douglas, Raisman, and Laurie Hernandez.  2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics  On August 7, Kocian competed in the women's qualification round at the 2016 Summer Olympics. After showing all events in podium training, she competed only on the uneven bars, scoring a 15.866. Her score was the highest on that event and qualified her in first place to the individual uneven bars event final. The team total also qualified USA into first for the team final. In the team final on August 9, Kocian again competed on the uneven bars, anchoring team USA on the event. She contributed a 15.933 to help the team to its second consecutive team gold at an Olympic games. This was the first time any US team won two consecutive team golds.  On August 14, Kocian won a silver medal in the uneven bars event final, scoring 15.833 and placing second behind Aliya Mustafina of Russia and ahead of bronze medalist Sophie Scheder of Germany. This is the first American Olympic medal on the uneven bars since Nastia Liukin in 2008. Additionally, she is the third gymnast from WOGA to become an Olympic champion following 2004 and 2008 Olympic all around champions Carly Patterson and Nastia Liukin.

College career.

2017.

Kocian began attending the University of California, Los Angeles in fall 2016, and joined the UCLA Bruins gymnastics program. Her collegiate debut came on January 7, 2017, in a home dual meet against the University of Arkansas where she won three individual event titles and tallied an all-around score of 39.425 to win the all-around title. 2012 Olympic gold medalist Kyla Ross was also at the meet, where the two became the first Olympic gold medalists to compete as NCAA gymnasts. In February 2017, she scored a perfect 10.0 on the uneven bars in a dual meet against Stanford.  On March 27, 2017, Kocian received first-team regular season All-American honors in the All-Around and second-team honors on Floor Exercise. She helped UCLA place fourth in the Super Six at the 2017 NCAA National Championship, where she placed 7th in the All-Around.

2018.

On September 11, 2017, Kocian underwent surgery to repair her torn labrum, an injury she had dealt with since 2016 Olympic Trials. She returned to NCAA competition on January 20, 2018, in a dual meet against Arizona, competing on only balance beam. She added floor exercise to her repertoire on February 25 in a dual meet against Oregon State, and competed on uneven bars for the first time since her injury at the NCAA Regional Championship on April 7.  With her three routines, she helped UCLA place first in the semi-finals to qualify for the Super Six at the 2018 NCAA National Championship. During the Super Six finals, she fell on the balance beam but contributed great performances on uneven bars and floor exercise to help UCLA win their first NCAA Gymnastics title since 2010.

2019.

On January 21, Kocian earned her second career perfect 10 on uneven bars in a meet against Arizona State. She earned several post-season accolades, including Pac-12 First Team honors on uneven bars and was named to the Pac-12 All-Academic team with a 3.81 GPA.

2020.

Kocian was sidelined for the first few weeks of the 2020 season with shoulder soreness. Kocian returned to competition at the BYU, Utah State tri-meet where she competed on both bars and floor.  In March Kocian was named as the Pac-12 Conference scholar-athlete of the year for the sport of gymnastics. At the conclusion of the school year Kocian was named UCLA scholar-athlete of the year alongside cross country athlete Millen Trujillo. Additionally she was named as the Bruins’ Tom Hansen Medal recipient alongside Darnay Holmes.

Madison Taylor Kocian (born June 15, 1997) is an American artistic gymnast. On the uneven bars, she is one of four 2015 world champions and the 2016 Olympic silver medalist. She was part of the gold medal-winning team dubbed the "Final Five" at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, and was a member of the first-place American teams at the 2014 and 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. As of 2016, she has been attending the University of California, Los Angeles, where she is a member of its NCAA women's gymnastics team.

麦迪逊·泰勒·科齐安(英语:Madison Taylor Kocian,1997年-6月15日)生于德克萨斯州达拉斯,是一名美国女子竞技体操运动员。2016年夏季奥林匹克运动会团体赛金牌得主,并且夺得高低杠银牌。


History.

According to some UFO conspiracists, the Black Knight is an artificial satellite of extraterrestrial origin which has orbited Earth for approximately 13,000 years; the "satellite" story is most likely a conflation of several disconnected stories about various objects and their interpretations, all of them well documented independently and none using the term "Black Knight" upon their first publication. According to senior education support officer Martina Redpath of Armagh Planetarium in Northern Ireland:  The origin of the Black Knight legend is often "retrospectively dated" back to natural extraterrestrial repeating sources supposedly heard during the 1899 radio experiments of Nikola Tesla and long delayed echoes first heard by amateur radio operator Jørgen Hals in Oslo, Norway, in 1928. Brian Dunning of the "Skeptoid" podcast attributes Tesla's 1899 radio signals to pulsars, which were not identified until 1968.  In 1954, UFO researcher Donald Keyhoe told newspapers that the United States Air Force had reported that two satellites orbiting Earth had been detected. At that time, no country had the technology to launch a satellite. Skeptics have noted that Keyhoe had been promoting a UFO book at the time, and the news stories were likely written "tongue-in-cheek" and not intended to be taken seriously.  A British rocket called the Black Knight rocket was used in conjunction with the Blue Streak missile program between 1958 and 1965, to test re-entry vehicles. A "Black Knight satellite launcher" project announced in 1964 was considered a priority by the Ministry of Aviation. The program never put anything into orbit, and it is unrelated to the Black Knight satellite legend.  In February 1960, "TIME" reported that the U.S. Navy had detected a dark object thought to be a Soviet spy satellite in orbit. A follow-up article confirmed that the object was "the remains of an Air Force Discoverer VIII satellite that had gone astray."  In 1963, astronaut Gordon Cooper supposedly reported a UFO sighting during his 15th orbit in "Mercury 9" that was confirmed by tracking stations, but there is no evidence that this happened. Neither NASA's mission transcripts nor Cooper's personal copies show any such report being made during the orbit.  In 1973, Scottish author Duncan Lunan analyzed the long delayed radio echoes received by Hals and others and speculated that they could possibly originate from a 13,000 year old alien probe located in an orbit around the Earth's Moon. He suggested that the probe may have originated from a planet located in the solar system of star Epsilon Boötis. Lunan later retracted his conclusions, saying that he had made "outright errors" and that his methods had been "unscientific".  Space debris photographed in 1998 during the STS-88 mission has been widely claimed to be the Black Knight satellite. Space journalist James Oberg considers it probable that the photographs are of a thermal blanket that was confirmed as lost during an EVA by Jerry L. Ross and James H. Newman.

The Black Knight satellite conspiracy theory claims that there is a spacecraft in near-polar orbit of the Earth that is of extraterrestrial origin, and that NASA is engaged in a cover-up regarding its existence and origin. This conspiracy theory combines several unrelated stories into one narrative.

黑骑士卫星指的是一个在阴谋论中,出没于地球极轨道附近的太空物体。根据此一阴谋论,黑骑士卫星是一个来源与存在皆遭到美国太空总署(NASA)所掩盖、可能来自外星的物体。


Life.

Bing Xin was born in Fuzhou, Fujian, but moved to Shanghai with her family when she was seven months old, and later moved yet again to the coastal port city of Yantai, Shandong, when she was four. Such a move had a crucial influence on Bing Xin's personality and philosophy of love and beauty, as the vastness and beauty of the sea greatly expanded and refined young Bing Xin's mind and heart. It was also in Yantai Bing Xin first began to read the classics of Chinese literature, such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin", when she was just seven.  In 1913, Bing Xin moved to Beijing. The May Fourth Movement in 1919 inspired and elevated Bing Xin's patriotism to new high levels, starting her writing career as she wrote for a school newspaper at Yanjing University where she was enrolled as a student and published her first novel. While at Yanjing in 1921, Bing Xin was baptized a Christian, but was throughout her life generally indifferent to Christian rituals.  Bing Xin graduated from Yanjing University in 1923 with a bachelor's degree, and went to the United States to study at Wellesley College, earning a master's degree at Wellesley in literature in 1926. She then returned to Yanjing University to teach until 1936.  In 1929, she married Wu Wenzao, an anthropologist and her good friend when they were studying in the United States. Together, Bing Xin and her husband visited different intellectual circles around the world, communicating with other intellectuals such as Virginia Woolf.  In 1940, Bing Xin was elected a member of the National Senate.  Later in her life, Bing Xin taught in Japan for a short period and stimulated more cultural communications between China and the other parts of the world as a traveling Chinese writer. In literature, Bing Xin founded the "Bing Xin Style" as a new literary style. She contributed a lot to children's literature in China (her writings were even incorporated into children's textbooks), and also undertook various translation tasks, including the translation of the works of Indian literary figure Rabindranath Tagore.  Bing Xin's literary career was prolific and productive. She wrote a wide range of works—prose, poetry, novels, reflections, etc. Her career spanned more than seven decades in length, from 1919 to the 1990s.

Xie Wanying (; October 5, 1900 – February 28, 1999), better known by her pen name Bing Xin () or Xie Bingxin, was one of the most prolific Chinese writers of the 20th century. Many of her works were written for young readers. She was the chairperson of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. Her pen name Bing Xin (literally "Ice Heart") carries the meaning of a morally pure heart, and is taken from a line in a Tang Dynasty poem by Wang Changling.

冰心(1900年-10月5日-1999年-2月28日),本名谢婉莹,女,福建长乐人,中国现代作家。笔名冰心取自“一片冰心在玉壶”。


History.

In the early 1970s, Pailin was a prosperous town stemming from the extensive gem deposits in the surrounding countryside. Because of its resources, it was one of the first cities invaded by the Khmer Rouge when they began their major offensive against the Khmer Republic government. The city offered no resistance and the Khmer Rouge soldiers were greeted as liberators as they marched into town. At this point, the deposed prince Norodom Sihanouk had allied himself with the Khmer Rouge and most residents believed that they were fighting to restore him to power. It was not long though before most residents were rounded up for a forced march to the countryside to work in rice paddies. Those believed to have connections to the government were killed. The Khmer Rouge used proceeds from mining in the Pailin area to fund their offensive and later their government once they gained national power. When the invading People's Army of Vietnam ousted them from power, they retreated to Pailin, where many former Khmer Rouge leaders remain today. It was the capital of the Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia.  Some leaders went into hiding in fear of punishment for their crimes, although other leaders lived openly in the province. As of September 2007, Pailin's remaining Khmer Rouge leaders were being rounded up to face justice by an international tribunal, including Khieu Samphan and Nuon Chea.  Since the war, Pailin suffered an economic decline and failures of local businesses. However, the now politically stable area is seeing a new wave of tourism focused on its ancient temples, natural forests and wildlife, and especially the precious gem market.

Administration.

The province is divided into 1 district and 1 municipality:  Until 2001 Pailin was part of Battambang Province, then elevated to city status, and then again to provincial status and thus became an autonomous zone of its own.

Tourist attractions.

Wat Phnom Yat  Built by Shan migrants from Myanmar in 1922, the Wat Phnom Yat is a holy place for worship in the heart of Pailin. It includes an old pagoda, similar to the Kola pagoda.  Wat Rattanak Sophoan  At the foot of Phnom Yat is another pagoda, the Wat Rattanak Sophoan, "a Burmese style pagoda more than 570 years of age". On the walls of the enclosure surrounding the pagoda is a bas-relief depicting the Hindu saga of the churning of the Ocean of Milk.

Culture.

Pailin's culture is distinctly different from most of Khmer culture. Before the Khmer Rouge period, Pailin's culture was predominantly Shan Burmese, and has much in common with that of the country of Thailand and Burma. This affinity is shown in the region's cuisine, dress, temple architecture, festivals and arts. The people of Pailin were predominantly Kola. The Kola people originally migrated from Burma beginning in 1876 (note: Khmer people called the Burmese people, "Kola" or "Pumea"). Another wave of migrants, the Shan (one of the many ethnic minorities of Burma) arrived from Burma in the 1920s. The "Kola" or Burmese immigrants of Pailin are known for their work in the precious gem business, which likely is what attracted them to Pailin. Pailin was synonymous with the Mogok region of Burma, where similar precious gem stones were mined. According to people who are in the gem business, gem stones of Pailin are comparable to the gem stones from the Mogok region in Burma; thus, Khmer people believed the Kola or immigrants from Burma were from the Mogok region of Burma).  There are several dialects spoken locally including Khmer, Shan and Kola. The local Khmer dialect shows influence in tone and pronunciation from the Burmese languages as well as Kham Muang and Mon language.  In Pailin, there are a few different kinds of foods. Kola's food is distinct from Burma's Cuisine as well. The most popular Burmese style one is Mee Kola (មីកុឡា) which is a vegetarian noodle dish made from thin rice stick noodles, steamed and cooked with soy sauce and garlic chive, sometimes mixed with some meats and small lobster. Other dishes include Tom yum from Thailand and Mon banana pudding of Burma. These have all spread to other parts of Thailand and Cambodia, but normally in versions which are flavored more sweetly than the Pailin version, especially in Phnom Penh.  The Traditional clothes of Pailin is Longyi, also known as Sarong. The cloth is often sewn into a cylindrical shape. It is worn around the waist, running to the feet. It is held in place by folding fabric over, without a knot. It is also sometimes folded up to the knee for comfort. These traditional "longyi" have about 2 meters of in length of swan. The cloth is made of cotton and sometimes from silk. Kola men wear ankle-length patterns of checks, plaids or stripes "Longyi" in any kinds of color. The Men always wear their white "eingyi" shirt which has a mandarin collar and sometimes also wear a traditional jacket called "taik-pon" over their "eingy". It has white, grey, black or terracotta colors. They put the gaung baung turban on their head and on their feet wear simple rubber or velvet slippers.  For Kola women's calf-length "longyi" are in solid colors, flower prints and many kinds of designs. They soften have a red based color, with partial stripes or very small checks similar to what Mon wear. They also often have horizontal or vertical stripes at the middle part. Royalty traditionally wore a long dress called "thin-dai" decorated by many threads. It was always worn by a lord's daughter and the king of the province's lady. The Women wears a beautiful blouse and a lovely shirt which is known as "eingyi". The shirt is decorated with several colors and many piece of silver. The shirt also has horizontal or vertical stripes at the middle part in some beauty color. Kola women tie a traditional shawl on their "eingyi" as well as they put the shawl on their shoulders. Women tie a lovely band on their head and wear beautiful flowers in their hair, allowing their hair to drop as a ponytail above their shoulders. They sometimes took a traditional umbrella made from baboom with them. The footwear is simple slippers of leather or velvet called Hnyat-phanat.  All of these costumes were shiny with bright colors during celebrations. The clothing is very similar to what is worn by the Shan in Burma.  The houses in Pailin are built from wood, about 8 cm to 1 meter includes a wide door and in the middle of house, there are the hermitages of Buddha and anothers spirit house. The Kola People are fond of planting roses in front of their homes.

Economy.

The surrounding area was rich in a variety of gemstones which were mined almost clean to support the Khmer Rouge. They also logged the area extensively, creating great environmental damage. Now all you can find is low-quality, cheap, hand-faceted gemstones at the market in downtown Pailin.  Unlike most of Cambodia, Pailin is composed primarily of uplands where little rice is grown. This makes it very difficult for farmers to rely on subsistence agriculture. Crop failures trigger collection of food and gems from the forests, increasing the number of land mine accidents. Many farmers produce non-traditional crops for the markets, including sesame, mung and soya. In 2003-04 it produced 17,204 tons of maize, the second-highest production in the country.  Traders in Pailin will accept Cambodian riels, US dollars, and Thai baht; US dollars are preferred.

Land mines.

Pailin and Cambodia in general was extensively mined during the three decades of war and remains home to numerous land mines and unexploded ordnance. People are cautioned to stay on marked roads. De-mining is ongoing with UN help, which brings in some of the few foreigners that the locals encounter.

Health.

Interestingly, resistance to Malaria drugs is surprisingly high in Pailin. Resistance first appeared in Pailin on the Cambodian-Thai border and then spread to Africa by the early 1980s. A second and third wave of resistance to new set of malaria drugs occurred since. The local strain of malaria parasites may have some special properties, or the ecology of the region may have features that boost the rise of resistance.

Pailin (, ) is a province ("khaet") in western Cambodia at the northern edge of the Cardamom Mountains near the border of Thailand. This province is surrounded by Battambang Province, and was officially carved out of Battambang to become a separate administrative division after the surrender of the Ieng Sary faction of the Khmer Rouge in 1996. Pailin is known to much of the world for having long been a stronghold of the Khmer Rouge, remaining under their control long after they were defeated in 1979 and serving from 1994 to 1998 as the capital of the Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia. Within Cambodia Pailin is known for its natural resources, namely precious gems and timber.

拜林省(,)在柬埔寨西部靠近泰国边境,位于荳蔻山脉北段。被马德望省所围绕,在1996年红色高棉的英萨利派系投降之后,正式地从马德望省中分离成为独立行政区。曾在1979年被攻破后长期作为红色高棉的据点。在柬埔寨国内以其丰富的自然资源,如宝石及木材等闻名。


Description.

Complete "Fuxianhuia" specimens are approximately 4 centimetres long. The anterior of "Fuxianhuia" is encased in an oval sclerite, from which two stalked eyes emerge. Inserting directly behind this sclerite, on the head shield proper, are two stout antennae. When the head of "Fuxianhuia" was originally described, two additional head appendages, the "sub-chelate" pair were also described. These are geniculate, backward-pointing appendages that lie in a highly stereotypical position (i.e., their position does not vary much from one specimen to another). Partly because of this, and partly because of their rather indistinct morphology, their status as appendages has been questioned. Indeed, on the grounds that these structures seem to lie between two cuticular layers, Waloszek and colleagues have suggested that they are not appendages at all, but rather gut diverticula; a reassignment that has however not been universally accepted. Ventrally, a large plate has been interpreted as a hypostome.  The head shield overlaps a tapering series of 12–17 trunk tergites, which lead into a set of limb-bearing segments comprising the thorax. The limbs are simple in form, consisting of a smooth oval exopod and a stout, annulated endopod. There is no one-to-one correspondence between the thoracic tergites and the limbs, but, rather, there appear to be two or three limbs per tergite.  Behind the thorax is a narrower abdominal region, consisting of 14 tergites, that bears no appendages. The abdomen is terminated by a telson-like spine.

Brain anatomy.

In 2012, a "Fuxianhuia" fossil was described with exceptional preservation of brain and optic lobes. The shape and complexity corresponds roughly to that of a modern malacostracan brain. In general, the "Fuxianhuia" brain shows the same tripartite morphology of Malacostraca, Chilopoda and Insecta, indicating that such an organization could be precedent to the divergence between these clades.

Cardiovascular anatomy.

In 2014 a fossil was described in the journal "Nature Communications" that preserved in exquisite, unequaled detail the tubular heart and blood vessels, which represent the oldest cardiovascular system yet identified. "The rich vascularization in the head... suggests that the brain of this species required a good supply of oxygen for its performance," said University of Arizona neuroscientist Nicholas Strausfeld, one of the researchers.

Classification.

"Fuxianhuia" was first described from incomplete material, and its true nature did not become apparent until the head and limbs were discovered. Its articulated head region, lack of tergite-segment correspondence and undifferentiated limbs have all been taken to indicate a very basal position in the arthropods, even though an early cladistic analysis suggested, rather, that it was a stem-group chelicerate. The presence of a distinct anterior sclerite bearing the eyes has been taken to suggest that a distinct acron once existed in front of the euarthropod head.  "Fuxianhuia" is not a unique arthropod, it is now recognised to belong to the clade Fuxianhuiida including other similar forms from the Cambrian of China, within Fuxianhuiida it is most closely related to "Guangweicaris," together forming the family Fuxianhuiidae. A cladogram is given below.  From.

Fuxianhuia is a genus of Lower Cambrian fossil arthropod known from the Chengjiang fauna in China. Its purportedly primitive features have led to its playing a pivotal role in discussions about the euarthropod stem group. Nevertheless, despite being known from many specimens, disputes about its morphology, in particular its head appendages, have made it one of the most controversial of the Chengjiang taxa, and it has been discussed extensively in the context of the arthropod head problem.

抚仙湖虫属(属名:"")是生存于寒武纪第三期的原始海生节肢动物,也是已知最早具有心血管系统的生物,化石发现于中国云南的昆明和玉溪,属名即来自首次化石记录的所在地玉溪抚仙湖,是澂江生物群的代表生物之一。


2015年巴马科丽笙酒店遇袭事件

Background.

Following the Libyan civil war, many ethnic Tuareg who had fought for the Gaddafi government and the rebels took their weapons and left for Azawad (a region in Northern Mali that the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) wants to be an independent state). Following several previously failed Tuareg rebellions, the MNLA managed to take over the area and declare independence. However, the secular movement was soon overrun by Islamist-oriented groups such as MOJWA and Ansar Dine. The French launched a military operation that ousted the rebels, with additional military support from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). However, simmering tensions and irregular incidents continued to occur. The Macina Liberation Front is a new jihadist group operating in central and southern Mali led by the radical Muslim cleric Amadou Kouffa, a strong proponent of strict Islamic law in Mali. The group draws most of its support from the Fulani ethnic group, who are found across the Sahel region. Kouffa is a close ally of Ansar Dine leader Iyad ag Ghali. A Human Rights Watch report said the Macina Liberation Front militants had carried out serious abuses in parts of central Mali since January and killed at least five people they accused of being aligned to the government. The group has attacked police and military particularly in the Mopti region, most recently killing three soldiers in Tenenkou in August. The Malian military recently arrested Alaye Bocari, a man they say was a key MLF financier and Kouffa's right-hand man.  The Radisson Blu hotel in Bamako is in a business district that is close to the embassies, and is frequented by foreign businesspeople and government employees. It is part of a chain of up-market hotels that is operated by the Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group, which has headquarters in the United States and Belgium.

Attack.

Two gunmen arrived at the hotel between 7 and 7:30 a.m.; according to a hotel employee, the men were driving a vehicle with diplomatic license plates. Malian army commander Modibo Nama Traoré said that at least 10 gunmen had stormed the hotel shouting "Allahu Akbar" before firing on guards and taking hostages. Guinean singer Sekouba Bambino, who was in the hotel but escaped, reported that the perpetrators were speaking in English. This was supported by many other witnesses, who said the attackers spoke something that was neither Arabic nor local.  Kassim Traoré, a Malian journalist, said that hostages were asked to recite the "shahada" in order to get released. Soon after, the Armed and Security Forces of Mali special forces stormed the hotel. According to the hotel operators, 125 guests and 13 employees were inside the hotel when the siege began. According to General Didier Dacko of the Malian Army, "about 100 hostages" were taken at the beginning of the siege. The Associated Press and Al Jazeera have reported that in the chaos of the initial attack, many present were able to escape, but around 170 people were held hostage.  A delegation of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie was in the hotel at the time of the attack. Ten Chinese citizens; twenty Indian citizens; about a dozen American citizens, including personnel from the US Embassy; seven Algerian citizens, including six diplomats; two Russian citizens; two Moroccan citizens; seven Turkish Airlines staff; and an unknown number of French citizens were reported to have been among those taken hostage. Two Canadian mining executives were some of the last hostages rescued. Twelve crew from Air France, who were also in the hotel, were extracted and safely released. Three United Nations staff were safely removed from the hotel, but it remains unknown how many were caught inside. Several delegates from MINUSMA were present at the hotel attending a meeting on the peace process in the country. More than 100 hostages were freed.  UN peacekeepers supported the Malian Armed Forces by reinforcing security around the hotel. 25 U.S. Special Forces were in Bamako at the time of the attack and assisted Malian forces in evacuating civilians to secure locations. An official from the U.S. Defense Department said that 22 military and civilian department personnel were in the city, including five people who were at the hotel. However, he added that everyone was accounted for and there were no reports of injuries. One member, who was outside, entered the hotel to help first responders move civilians to secure locations while the Malian operation was ongoing. Another member helped at the Joint Operations Center, which was set up to respond to the incident. The official also said that the forces did not directly participate in the operation. A further 12 U.S. citizens were rescued by security forces, according to AFRICOM.  Although there were earlier reports of more gunmen involved in the hotel attack, the investigation determined that in fact there were only two attackers.

Victims.

Twenty people were murdered in the attack: six Malians, six Russians, three Chinese, two Belgians, one American, one Israeli and one Senegalese. Among the victims were:

Responsibility.

While the attack was under way, Al-Mourabitoun claimed responsibility for it via Twitter, although its claim has not been verified. In an audio recording provided to Al Jazeera, the group also claimed responsibility and said that it had undertaken the attack jointly with al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). Al-Mourabitoun is made up of Tuaregs and Arabs from northern Mali and is affiliated with AQIM. The group, led by Mokhtar Belmokhtar, formed in 2013 and is based in the Sahara Desert.  The Macina Liberation Front also claimed responsibility for the attack.

Reactions.

Malian President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta cut short his visit to Chad in order to return to Bamako and coordinate the response. Mali also declared a 10-day state of emergency.  In a press conference, French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius stated that France will take "all steps necessary" to fight the attackers in Bamako. A crisis unit was set up in the embassy. Forty officers from the National Gendarmerie's GIGN special forces unit, along with ten forensic and criminal officers, were sent to "advise and support" Malian security forces. Air France flights to and from Bamako were suspended for the day.  The United Nations Security Council condemned the attack. Australia advised its citizens not to travel to Mali and advised those in country to leave. Similar warnings were made by the Foreign Office in the United Kingdom advised British nationals to remain indoors and follow the instructions of the local government authorities. The United States condemned the attack and confirmed continuing coordination of its officials in the country to verify the location of all citizens in Mali and that it was "prepared to assist the Malian government in the coming days as it investigates this tragic terrorist attack." The embassy urged its citizens to shelter in place, follow government instructions and contact their family.  The Russian city of Ulyanovsk Oblast, home of five of the victims, declared 23 November a mourning day.  Malian President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita later declared three days of national mourning in Mali. Ahead of the three days of national mourning, the chairman of the West African regional bloc Ecowas, Senegal's President Macky Sall, visited Bamako to show support. He said on Sunday: "Mali will never be alone in this fight, we are all committed because we are all involved." Senegal, Mauritania and Guinea are also observing the mourning.

Investigation.

Three days after the attack, the Malian government released photographs of the corpses of the two attackers. The men were clean-shaven and appeared to be in their 20s. One "had visible bullet wounds to his upper body." The authorities have not been able to identify the men and urged members of the public with information to come forward. Al Mourabitoun, which claimed responsibility for the attack, said that the men were Abdul Hakim al-Ansari and Mu'adh al-Ansari, but this claim has not been verified.  On November 22, 2015, two separate police sources speaking to Agence-France Presse on condition of anonymity said that "two foreigners" along with "three or four accomplice" were responsible for the attack.  On November 27, 2015, Malian special forces arrested two Malian men in their early 30s on the outskirts of Bamako in connection with the attack. The men were linked to the attack by a mobile phone found at the scene of the attack.

On 20 November 2015, Islamist militants took 170 hostages and killed 20 of them in a mass shooting at the Radisson Blu hotel in Bamako, the capital city of Mali. Malian commandos raided the hotel and freed the surviving hostages. Al-Mourabitoun claimed that it carried out the attack "in cooperation with" Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb; an Al Qaeda member confirmed that the two groups cooperated in the attack.

2015年巴马科丽笙酒店袭击事件是指2015年11月20日在马里首都及其最大城市巴马科丽笙酒店发生的袭击事件。在特种部队突击进入酒店并释放幸存的人质前,事件共导致19人死亡,大部分是外籍人士。隶属于基地组织的非洲极端团体西非圣战统一运动在其Twitter上宣称,此次袭击是他们所为,但尚未被证实。


2016年世界耐力锦标赛

Schedule.

The ACO announced a provisional calendar during the 2015 6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas in September 2015. The calendar retains the eight rounds from 2015, but adds the 6 Hours of Mexico City at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez. The World Sportscar Championship previously visited Mexico City in 1991. The Nürburgring round has been moved a month forward to July to close the gap after Le Mans.  A test session was held prior to the start of the season at Circuit Paul Ricard in March, while the mandatory test for the 24 Hours of Le Mans was held in the first week of June.

Entries.

The FIA unveiled an entry of 32 cars for the 2016 season on 5 February, divided into four categories: Le Mans Prototype 1 (LMP1) and 2 (LMP2), and Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance Professional (LMGTE Pro) and Amateur (LMGTE Am).

Technical changes.

The FIA have introduced a number of changes to the LMP1 cars for 2016 to reduce their speed. This is due to the 2015 cars being significantly faster than 2014 with most track records broken in 2015. The pace of development of the hybrid powertrains has resulted in cars racing with more than 1000 hp.

Results and standings.

Race results.

The highest finishing competitor entered in the World Endurance Championship is listed below. Invitational entries may have finished ahead of WEC competitors in individual races.  Entries were required to complete the timed race as well as to complete 70% of the overall winning car's race distance in order to earn championship points. A single bonus point was awarded to the team and all drivers of the pole position car for each category in qualifying. For the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the race result points allocation was doubled. Furthermore, a race must complete three laps under green flag conditions in order for championship points to be awarded.

Driver championships.

Five titles were offered to drivers in the 2016 season. The World Championship was reserved for LMP1 and LMP2 drivers, while the World Cup for GT Drivers was available for drivers in the LMGTE categories. Further, three FIA Endurance Trophies were also awarded to drivers in the LMP2 and LMGTE Am categories, and privateers in the LMP1 category.

Manufacturer championships.

Two manufacturers' titles were contested, one for LMPs and one for LMGTEs. The World Endurance Championship for Manufacturers is only open to manufacturer entries in the LMP1 category, while the World Endurance Cup for GT Manufacturers allows all entries from registered manufacturers in LMGTE Pro and LMGTE Am to participate. The top two finishing cars from each manufacturer earn points toward their total.

Team championships.

All categories award a team trophy for each individual entry, although LMP1 is limited to entries not from a manufacturer.

The 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship season was the fifth edition of the FIA World Endurance Championship auto racing series co-organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). The series was open to Le Mans Prototypes and grand tourer-style racing cars meeting four ACO categories. The season began at the Silverstone Circuit in April and ended at the Bahrain International Circuit in November, and included the 84th running of the 24 Hours of Le Mans. This season was also the last WEC season for Audi Sport Team Joest as they decided not to race in the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship Season.

2016年国际汽联世界耐力锦标赛是由国际汽车联合会和西方赛车俱乐部(ACO)联合举办的国际汽联世界耐力锦标赛的第五个赛季。赛季由9场耐力赛事组成,于2016年4月份在英国银石赛道揭幕,11月在巴林国际赛道收官,并包含第84届勒芒24小时耐力赛。比赛共分4个组别,设有11项锦标,参赛的赛车包括勒芒原型车(LMP)和基于量产跑车改装的GT耐力赛车(LMGTE)。保时捷再度夺得厂商世界冠军,旗下三位车手、与共同获得车手世界冠军。


Publication history.

Teen-humor heroine.

Created by writer Stuart Little and artist Ruth Atkinson, Patsy Walker first appeared in "Miss America Magazine" #2 (cover-dated Nov. 1944), published by Marvel precursor Timely Comics. Redheaded Patsy Walker, her parents Stanley and Betty, her boyfriend Robert "Buzz" Baxter, and her raven-haired friendly rival Hedy Wolfe appeared from the 1940s through 1967 in issues of "Miss America", "Teen Comics", "Girls' Life", and the namesake teen-humor series "Patsy Walker", as well as in the spin-offs "Patsy and Hedy", "Patsy and Her Pals", and the single-issue "A Date with Patsy". Attesting to its quiet popularity, "Patsy Walker" (along with "Millie the Model" and "Kid Colt, Outlaw") was among the very few titles published continuously by Marvel from the 1940s Golden Age of Comic Books, through Marvel's 1950s iteration as Atlas Comics, and into the 1960s Silver Age of Comic Books.  Future "Mad" magazine cartoonist and "Mad" Fold-in creator Al Jaffee wrote and drew most of the early issues of "Patsy Walker", several of which included "Mad" founding editor Harvey Kurtzman's highly stylized "Hey Look!" one-page humor strips. Jaffee was succeeded by Al Hartley, who would go on to Archie Comics and produce many Christian comic books starring Archie characters and others. "Patsy and Her Pals" was drawn by Morris Weiss. Following Patsy's high-school graduation in issue #116 (August 1964), the title switched from humor to become a young career-gal romantic adventure. "Patsy Walker" lasted through issue #124 (December 1965), with "Patsy and Hedy" outlasting it to its own #110 (February 1967).  Patsy and Hedy made a cameo appearance in "Fantastic Four Annual" #3 (October 1965), which established them in the Marvel Universe. The superhero-team comic "The Defenders" #89 (Nov. 1980) revealed that the earlier stories were fictional works published within the fictional Marvel Universe itself, and written by Patsy's mother Dorothy Walker though based upon Patsy's own life and friends. The Patsy Walker profile in "Marvel Legacy: The 1960s Handbook" #1 (February 2006) establishes that Walker indeed experienced many of the events from these stories.  "Patsy Walker" #95 – together with the science-fiction anthology "Journey into Mystery" #69 (both June 1961) – are the first modern comic books labeled "Marvel Comics", with each showing an "MC" box on its cover.

Hellcat.

The Beast feature in "Amazing Adventures" vol. 2 #13 (July 1972) introduced the concept of Walker as a superhero. Writer Steve Englehart recalled that Walker's cameo in "Fantastic Four Annual" #3 had: Because the Beast feature was dropped from "Amazing Adventures" just three issues later, the storyline with Patsy Walker was temporarily abandoned. Walker was reintroduced in "The Avengers" #141 (November 1975), having resumed her maiden name of Walker, and accompanied the Avengers on a couple of adventures. Shortly thereafter, she adopted the name Hellcat, taking on superheroine Greer Grant Nelson's costume from her discontinued identity as The Cat. The name "Hellcat" itself had originally been proposed for Nelson. The suit's look was later slightly adapted.  In 2010, Englehart recalled:  Hellcat joined the superhero team "The Defenders" in issue #44 (February 1977). After several adventures with the group, she met the supernatural adventurer Daimon Hellstrom, the Son of Satan, in "The Defenders" #92 (February 1981). They marry in "The Defenders" #125 and become husband-and-wife occult investigators, but Hellstrom's demonic nature asserts itself, and Walker is driven first mad and then, in "Hellstorm: Prince of Lies" #14 (May 1994), to suicide. Through Hellstrom's manipulation of the superhero Hawkeye, she was resurrected in "Thunderbolts Annual 2000", a summer Annual of the superhero-team comic Thunderbolts, and returned to Earth with new abilities acquired while in Hell. The story, which began in "Thunderbolts Annual 2000", concluded in "Avengers 2000". A three-issue "Hellcat" (September–November 2000) series takes place immediately following the events in the Thunderbolts and Avengers 2000 Annuals. Briefly adopting a new costume and then returning to her traditional yellow outfit, she rejoined the Defenders in a short-lived revival series, "The Defenders" vol. 2, #1–12 (March 2001–February 2002).  After appearing in occasional guest roles, Hellcat had starring roles between 2007 and 2009 thanks to artist Stuart Immonen and his wife Kathryn. With the impending relaunch of "Marvel Comics Presents", Stuart was asked by editor Nick Lowe if he wanted to do a Hellcat story, which was spread across the title's first four issues (September– December 2007). Marvel remained open for Hellcat miniseries, and out of what Kathryn first conceived as a "Hellcat Christmas Special", inspired by endurance car races in Mongolia and research on the Inuit, came the five-part series "Patsy Walker: Hellcat" (September 2008–February 2009), drawn by David Lafuente with covers by Stuart. A tie-in to the, it features Hellcat being assigned to watch over Alaska. Following this, she was an ensemble star and narrator, alongside the superheroines Firestar, Black Cat, and Photon, in the miniseries "Marvel Divas" #1–4 (Sept.-Dec. 2009), which writers Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and Tonci Zonjic had pitched it to Marvel editors as ""Sex and the City" in the Marvel Universe".  Walker became part of the All-New Marvel NOW! event in "She-Hulk" vol. 3 #2, when Jennifer Walters starts her own law firm. Walters hires Patsy as her private investigator, who uses her Hellcat alias on assignments.  The All-New, All-Different Marvel line in 2015 led to a new ongoing Patsy Walker title, "Patsy Walker A.K.A. Hellcat!". Written by Kate Leth and drawn by Brittney Williams, it attempts to combine the romance and superhero comics with a more comedic approach, which Leth compared to a Saturday-morning cartoon. In it, Walker tries to establish a job agency for superpowered people following her dismissal by She-Hulk, and also recover the rights to old "Patsy Walker" comics which have been republished by Hedy. In February 2017, Leth announced that the series would be ending that April with its 17th issue. She praised Marvel for "giv[ing] us space to wrap up the story exactly how we wanted in 3 volumes".

Fictional character biography.

After growing up in suburban Centerville, graduating high school and marrying high-school sweetheart Robert "Buzz" Baxter, Patsy Walker becomes an assistant to scientist Hank McCoy, the mutant superhero the Beast, who at that time was on hiatus from the X-Men. Estranged from her husband, now a U.S. Air Force colonel, Walker befriends McCoy, and, desiring to become a superhero, accompanies McCoy on an quest with the Avengers. She adopts an ability-enhancing costume that formerly belonged to Greer Grant Nelson, the former masked adventuress the Cat, and takes on the name Hellcat.  After having used her natural athletic abilities and good instincts to rescue the Avengers, Walker is offered membership in the team. The cosmic adventurer Moondragon persuades Hellcat to decline and instead accompany her to Saturn's moon Titan for training in psychic ability and advanced martial arts. Walker's training is soon interrupted when she returns to Earth to assist the supernatural hero Doctor Strange, joining the Defenders in the process. Later, Moondragon revokes her mind powers mentioning Walker's ineffective use of them.  She meets her future husband Daimon Hellstrom, the Son of Satan, during the course of a quest with the Defenders. After learning that her mother had promised her soul to Satan, and briefly being lied to by the Devil that he was her father, Walker reunites with her real father and marries Hellstrom. The two then retire from being superheroes. Ultimately, Hellstrom's demonic inheritance took possession of him and drove Walker insane. Institutionalized, she was driven to suicide by the otherworldly being Deathurge.  Trapped in Hell, Walker's spirit is used in a series of gladiatorial-like combat scenarios. There, she learns to develop and use her psychic powers. Hellstrom tricks the archer superhero Hawkeye into returning her spirit to Earth; Hawkeye believes he is retrieving his presumed-dead wife, Mockingbird, from the demonic lord Mephisto's realm. Resurrected and back on Earth, Walker retains the powers she developed in Hell, and she is also able to manifest a costume at will. Once again a member of the Defenders, Hellcat focuses on combating occult evils, notably Nicholas Scratch, who had based himself in her hometown of Centerville, and the otherdimensional ruler Dormammu.  During the "Civil War" storyline, Hellcat registers. She serves as one of the young superheroes' instructors at Camp Hammond. She was then assigned as the official superhero for Alaska, but eventually returned to New York City. Hellcat develops and maintains a deep friendship with the superheroes Firestar, Black Cat, and Monica Rambeau, partly stemming from their support to Firestar, who develops and then survives breast disease.  Hellcat is later seen with She-Hulk and facing personal problems. After a night of heavy drinking and partying, Hellcat and She-Hulk invade a warehouse that A.I.M. was using as a hideout and defeat two agents wearing high tech suits. She-Hulk then hires Hellcat as her private investigator to help with her economic situation. She then helps She-Hulk in protecting Kristoff Vernard, the son of Doctor Doom, who was trying to defect to the US. She is later seen talking with Tigra about a case involving a lawsuit but ends up fighting her when she mentions the plaintiff's name, George Saywitz. After recovering in a hospital, she helps She-Hulk and Hank Pym in a recovery mission to save Reza, the partner of inventor Rufus Randall, to settle an argument between them over a device known as the Shrinko, which they were planning to sell to Pym. They later wind up helping Steve Rogers, the original Captain America, with a lawsuit involving a murder that happened in 1940.  As part of the "All-New, All-Different Marvel" line, She-Hulk eventually gets unable to afford Hellcat as an investigator and fires her friend, which also forces Walker to move out of Walters' office building (the same place where Howard the Duck works). Walker moves to the Brooklyn apartment of Ian, an Inhuman who she met when he used his powers to steal from an armored truck. Ian gets a job with Walker's old friend Tom Hale (known as "Tubs" in the romance comics) and inspires her to open a work agency for other superpowered people. To her chagrin, Walker also learns that her old rival Hedy Wolfe has obtained the rights from Walker's late mother Dorothy to republish the "Patsy Walker" comics. With the help of She-Hulk and Jessica Jones, Walker gets the rights back by proving that Dorothy was sedated and thus not in full mental capacities when she signed the comics off to Hedy, making it a void contract.  During the "Civil War II" storyline, Patsy Walker learns that She-Hulk is in a coma at the Triskelion. Miss America allows Patsy to visit her. After the visit, Patsy tells Howard the Duck and the other tenants about She-Hulk's current condition, and moves her offices to where Jennifer operated as a lawyer.  Afterwards, Hedy dupes Patsy's ex-husbands Mad-Dog and Daimon Hellstrom into fighting her. Daimon sends Patsy to a dimension ruled by the demon Belial, who tries to bring Hellcat to his side. Patsy then confronts her former friend Black Cat, now leading a gang of criminals. Patsy suddenly catches a cold that causes her to alter reality when she sneezes. After several disasters, Patsy accidentally makes a building disappear. Hedy then calls Patsy and reveals that she is dating the demon Belial, who helps Patsy overcome her grief over She-Hulk and cures her of the cold. Patsy then receives a check for a big amount of money from She-Hulk and takes Ian, Tom, and Jubilee to the mall. While shopping, they encounter two teenage girls pretending to be supervillains, who are revealed to be Patsy's biggest fans. Ian then figures out that the girls like each other and resolves their dispute. After that, Patsy expresses joy of how her life has changed.

Powers and abilities.

Hellcat is in possession of a magic cloak that enables her to sense mystical phenomena or deflect mystical attacks. She is able to summon her costume at will. She also possesses retractable claws and grappling hooks on her wrists. Patsy is also a well-trained martial artist and gymnast, having trained with the Avengers and Moondragon.

Other versions.

Ultimate Marvel.

Patsy Walker has appeared in Marvel Comics' Multiverse Ultimate Marvel imprint. In "Ultimate Spider-Man", she first appears as a spokeswoman for a security firm, then as a swimsuit model for "Maxim" magazine, a talk show hostess, presenting a biography on Doctor Strange, and finally interviewing Norman Osborn. In addition, she appeared in "Ultimate Marvel Team-Up", hosting an instructional video for the Baxter Building. Patsy assumes her Hellcat identity in Ultimates and was a founding member of the ill-fated Defenders. Walker later shows up with the Defenders in "", powered up by Loki.

Heroes Reborn.

In the "Heroes Reborn" universe, Hellcat appears as a member of the Avengers. This version of the character sports a more bestial, "werecat" appearance, similar to Tigra. Envious of Scarlet Witch's beauty, she is manipulated by Loki into siding with Hawkeye against the rest of the team. Patsy takes possession of Scarlet Witch's body, but is killed after Agatha Harkness forcibly expels her essence.

Hellcat (Patricia "Patsy" Walker) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She premiered as the star of a teen romantic-comedy series and was later integrated into Marvel superhero franchises such as the Avengers and the Defenders.

地狱猫(),全名帕翠莎·「帕茜」·沃克(Patricia "Patsy" Walker),是一名出现在漫威漫画出版的漫画书中的漫画人物。初登场于由漫威前身Timely Comics出版的《美国小姐杂志》(Miss America Magazine)第二期(1944年11月),由Otto Binder和Ruth Atkinson创作。并于《复仇者联盟》第144期(1976年2月)中成为了地狱猫。