Pivot theorem.

If in the statement of Miquel's theorem the points "A ́", "B ́" and "C ́" form a triangle (that is, are not collinear) then the theorem was named the Pivot theorem in. (In the diagram these points are labeled "P", "Q" and "R".)  If "A ́", "B ́" and "C ́" are collinear then the Miquel point is on the circumcircle of ∆ABC and conversely, if the Miquel point is on this circumcircle, then "A ́", "B ́" and "C ́" are on a line.

Trilinear coordinates of the Miquel point.

If the fractional distances of "A ́", "B ́" and "C ́" along sides "BC" ("a"), "CA" ("b") and "AB" ("c") are "d", "d" and "d", respectively, the Miquel point, in trilinear coordinates ("x" : "y" : "z"), is given by:  where "d"' = 1 - "d", "etc."  In the case "d" = "d" = "d" = 1⁄2 the Miquel point is the circumcentre.

A converse of Miquel's theorem.

The theorem can be reversed to say: for three circles intersecting at "M", a line can be drawn from any point "A" on one circle, through its intersection "C ́" with another to give "B" (at the second intersection). "B" is then similarly connected, via intersection at "A ́" of the second and third circles, giving point "C". Points "C", "A" and the remaining point of intersection, "B ́", will then be collinear, and triangle "ABC" will always pass through the circle intersections "A ́", "B ́" and "C ́".

Similar inscribed triangle.

If the inscribed triangle "XYZ" is similar to the reference triangle "ABC", then the point "M" of concurrence of the three circles is fixed for all such "XYZ".

Miquel and Steiner's quadrilateral theorem.

The circumcircles of all four triangles of a complete quadrilateral meet at a point "M". In the diagram above these are ∆ABF, ∆CDF, ∆ADE and ∆BCE.  This result was announced, in two lines, by Jakob Steiner in the 1827/1828 issue of Gergonne's "Annales de Mathématiques", but a detailed proof was given by Miquel.

Miquel's pentagon theorem.

Let ABCDE be a convex pentagon. Extend all sides until they meet in five points F,G,H,I,K and draw the circumcircles of the five triangles CFD, DGE, EHA, AIB and BKC. Then the second intersection points (other than A,B,C,D,E), namely the new points M,N,P,R and Q are concyclic (lie on a circle). See diagram.  The converse result is known as the Five circles theorem.

Miquel's six circle theorem.

Given points, "A", "B", "C", and "D" on a circle, and circles passing through each adjacent pair of points, the alternate intersections of these four circles at "W", "X", "Y" and "Z" then lie on a common circle. This is known as the six circles theorem. It is also known as the four circles theorem and while generally attributed to Jakob Steiner the only known published proof was given by Miquel. Wells refers to this as Miquel's theorem.

Three-dimensional version of Miquel's theorem.

There is also a three-dimensional analog, in which the four spheres passing through a point of a tetrahedron and points on the edges of the tetrahedron intersect in a common point.

Miquel's theorem is a result in geometry, named after Auguste Miquel, concerning the intersection of three circles, each drawn through one vertex of a triangle and two points on its adjacent sides. It is one of several results concerning circles in Euclidean geometry due to Miquel, whose work was published in Liouville's newly founded journal "Journal de mathématiques pures et appliquées".

密克定理是几何学中关于相交圆的定理。1838年,奥古斯特·密克叙述并证明了数条相关定理。许多有用的定理可由其推出。


Archaeological history.

Discovery and initial excavation.

The hoard was discovered in a farm field about southwest of the village of Hoxne in Suffolk on 1992. Tenant farmer Peter Whatling had lost a hammer and asked his friend Eric Lawes, a retired gardener and amateur metal detectorist, to help look for it. While searching the field with his metal detector, Lawes discovered silver spoons, gold jewelry, and numerous gold and silver coins. After retrieving a few items, he and Whatling notified the landowners (Suffolk County Council) and the police without attempting to dig out any more objects.  The following day, a team of archaeologists from the Suffolk Archaeological Unit carried out an emergency excavation of the site. The entire hoard was excavated in a single day, with the removal of several large blocks of unbroken material for laboratory excavation. The area was searched with metal detectors within a radius of from the find spot. Peter Whatling's missing hammer was also recovered and donated to

Inquest and valuation.

A Coroner's inquest was held at Lowestoft on 3 September 1993, and the hoard was declared a treasure trove, meaning that it was deemed to have been hidden with the intention of being recovered at a later date. Under English common law, anything declared as such belongs to the Crown if no one claims title to it. However, the customary practice at the

Subsequent archaeological investigations.

The Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service surveyed the field in September 1993, after it was ploughed, finding four gold coins and 81 silver coins, all considered part of the same hoard. Both earlier Iron Age and later mediaeval materials were also discovered, but there was no evidence of a Roman settlement in the vicinity.  A follow-up excavation of the field was carried out by the Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service in 1994, in response to illegal metal detecting near the hoard find. The hoard burial hole was re-excavated, and a single post hole was identified at the southwest corner; this may have been the location of a marker post to enable the depositors of the cache to locate and

Items discovered.

The hoard is mainly made up of gold and silver coins and jewellery, amounting to a total of of gold and of silver. It had been placed in a wooden chest, made mostly or entirely of oak, that measured approximately 60×45×30 cm (23.6×17.7×11.8 in). Within the chest, some objects had evidently been placed in smaller boxes made of yew and cherry wood, while others had been packed in with woollen cloth or hay. The chest and the inner boxes had decayed almost completely after being buried, but fragments of the chest and its fittings were recovered during the excavation. The main objects found are:

Coins.

The Hoxne Hoard contains 569 gold "solidi", struck between the reigns of Valentinian I (364–75) and Honorius (393–423); 14,272 silver coins, including 60 "miliarenses" and 14,212 "siliquae", struck between the reigns of Constantine II (337–40) and Honorius; and 24 bronze "nummi". It is the most significant coin find from the end of Roman Britain and contains all major denominations of coinage from that time, as well as many examples of clipped silver coinage typical of late Roman Britain. The only find from Roman Britain with a larger number of gold coins was the Eye Hoard found in 1780 or 1781, for which there are poor records. The largest single Romano-British hoard was the Cunetio Hoard of 54,951 third-century coins, but these were debased

Historical spread and minting.

Coins are the only items in the Hoxne Hoard for which a definite date and place of manufacture can be established. All of the gold coins, and many of the silver coins, bear the names and portraits of the emperor in whose reign they were minted. Most also retain the original mint marks that identify where they were minted, illustrating the Roman system of regional mints producing coins to a uniform design. The coins' manufacture has been traced back to a total of 14 sources: Trier, Arles and Lyon (in Gaul), Ravenna, Milan, Aquileia, Rome (in modern Italy); Siscia (modern Croatia), Sirmium (modern Serbia), Thessaloniki (Greece), Constantinople, Cyzicus, Nicomedia, and Antioch (modern Turkey).  The coins were minted under three dynasties of Roman emperors. The earliest are the successors of the Constantinian dynasty,

Clipping of the silver coins.

Almost every silver "siliqua" in the hoard had its edge clipped to some degree. This is typical of Roman silver coin finds of this period in Britain, although clipped coins are very unusual through the rest of the Roman Empire. The clipping process invariably leaves the imperial portrait intact on the front of the coin but often damages the mint mark, inscription, and image on the reverse.  The possible reasons for clipping coins are controversial. Possible explanations include fraud, a deliberate attempt to maintain a stable ratio between gold and silver coins, or an official attempt to provide a new source of silver bullion while maintaining the same number of coins in circulation.  The huge number of clipped coins in the Hoxne Hoard has made it possible for archaeologists to observe the process of coin-clipping in detail. The coins were evidently cut face-up to avoid damaging the portrait. The average level of clipping is roughly the same for coins dating from 350 onwards.

Gold jewellery.

All the jewellery in the hoard is gold, and all gold items in the hoard are jewellery, other than the coins. None of the jewellery is unequivocally masculine, although several pieces might have been worn by either gender, such as the rings. There are one body chain, six necklaces, three rings, and nineteen bracelets. The total weight of the gold jewellery is about, and the average metal content of the jewellery pieces is 91.5% gold (about 22 carat), with small proportions of silver and copper in the metal.  The most important gold item in the hoard is the body chain, which consists of four

Silver items.

The hoard contains about 100 silver and silver-gilt items; the number is imprecise because there are unmatched broken parts. They include a statuette of a leaping tigress, made as a handle for an object such as a jug or lamp; four pepper-pots ("piperatoria"); a beaker; a vase or juglet (a small jug); four bowls; a small dish; and 98 silver spoons and ladles. The beaker and juglet are decorated with similar leaf and stem patterns, and the juglet has three gilded bands. In contrast, the small bowls and dish are plain, and it is presumed that the owners of the Hoard had many more such items, probably including the large decorated dishes found in other hoards. Many pieces are gilded in parts to accentuate the decoration. The technique of fire-gilding with mercury was used, as was typical at the time.

Piperatoria.

The pepper-pots include one vessel, finely modelled after a wealthy or imperial lady, which soon became known as the "Empress" pepper-pot. The woman's hair, jewellery, and clothing are carefully represented, and gilding is used to emphasise many details. She is holding a scroll in her left hand, giving the impression of education as well as wealth. Other pepper-pots in the hoard are modelled into a statue of Hercules and Antaeus, an ibex, and a hare and hound together. Not all such spice dispensers held pepper — they were used to dispense other spices as well — but are grouped in discussions as pepper-pots. Each of those found in this hoard has a mechanism in the base to

Other silver pieces.

The tigress is a solid-cast statuette weighing and measuring from head to tail. She was designed to be soldered onto some other object as its handle; traces of tin were found beneath her rear paws, which have a "smoothly concave curve". She looks most aesthetically pleasing when the serpentine curves of her head, back, rump, and tail form a line at an angle of about 45°, when the rear paws are flat, allowing for their curve. Her gender is obvious as there are six engorged teats under her belly. She is carefully decorated on her back, but her underside is "quite perfunctorily finished". Her stripes are represented by two engraved lines, with a black niello inlay between them, in most places not meeting the engraved lines. Neither her elongated body, nor the distribution of the stripes are accurate for the species; she has a long dorsal stripe running from the skull along the spine to the start of the tail, which is typical of tabby cats rather than tigers. The figure has no stripes around her tail, which thickens at the end, suggesting a thick fur tip as in a lion's tail, which tigers do not have, although Roman art usually gives them one.  The large collection of spoons includes 51 "cochlearia", which are small spoons with shallow bowls and long, tapering handles with a pointed end which was used to pierce eggs and spear small pieces of food—as the Romans did not use forks at the table. There are 23 "cigni", which are much rarer, having large rather shallow spoons with shorter, bird-headed handles; and about 20 deep round spoons or small ladles and strainer-spoons. Many are decorated with abstract motifs and some with dolphins or fanciful marine creatures. Many of the spoons are decorated

Iron and organic materials.

The iron objects found in the hoard are probably the remains of the outer wooden chest. These consist of large iron rings, double-spiked loops and hinges, strap hinges, probable components of locks, angle brackets, wide and narrow iron strips, and nails.  Organic finds are rarely well documented with hoards because most coin and treasure finds are removed hastily by the finder or have previously been disrupted by farm work rather than excavated. The Hoxne organic finds included bone, wood, other plant material, and

Scientific analysis of finds.

The initial metallurgical analysis of the hoard was carried out in late 1992 and early 1993 by Cowell and Hook for the procedural purposes of the coroner's inquest. This analysis used X-ray fluorescence, a technique that was applied again later to cleaned surfaces on specimens.  All 29 items of gold jewellery were analysed, with silver and copper found to be present. Results were typical for Roman silver in hoards of the period, in terms of the presence of copper alloyed

Burial and historical background.

The Hoxne Hoard was buried during a period of great upheaval in Britain, marked by the collapse of Roman authority in the province, the departure of the majority of the Roman army, and the first of a wave of attacks by the Anglo-Saxons. Attacks on Italy by the Visigoths around the turn of the fifth century caused the general Stilicho to recall Roman army units from Rhaetia, Gaul, and Britannia. While Stilicho held off the Visigoth attack, the Western provinces were left defenceless against Suebi, Alans, and Vandals who crossed the frozen Rhine in 406 and overran Gaul. The remaining Roman troops in Britain, fearing that the invaders would cross the Channel, elected a series of emperors of their own to lead the defence.  The first two such emperors were put to death by the dissatisfied soldiery in a matter of months, but the third, who would declare himself Constantine III, led a British force across the English Channel to Gaul in his bid to become Roman Emperor. After scoring victories against the "barbarians" in Gaul, Constantine was defeated by an army loyal to Honorius and beheaded in 411. Meanwhile, Constantine's departure had left Britain vulnerable to attacks from Saxon and Irish raiders.  After 410, Roman histories give little information about events in Britain. Writing in the next decade, Saint Jerome described Britain after 410 as a "province fertile of tyrants", suggesting the collapse of central authority and the rise of local leaders in response to repeated raids by Saxons and others. By 452, a Gaulish chronicler was able to state that some ten years previously "the Britons, which to this time had suffered from various disasters and misfortunes, are reduced by the power of the Saxons".

Burial.

Exactly who owned the Hoxne Hoard, and their reasons for burying it, are not known, and probably never will be. However, the hoard itself and its context provide some important clues. The hoard evidently was buried carefully, some distance from any buildings. The hoard very likely represents only a portion of the precious-metal wealth of the person, or people, who owned it; many common types of jewellery are missing, as are large tableware items such as those found in the Mildenhall Treasure. It is unlikely that anyone would have possessed the rich gold and silver items found in the Hoxne Hoard without owning items in those other categories. Whoever owned the hoard also would have had wealth in the form of land, livestock, buildings, furniture, and clothing. At most, the Hoxne Hoard represents a moderate portion of the wealth of someone rich; conversely, it may represent a minuscule fraction of the wealth of a family

Late Roman hoards.

The Hoxne Hoard comes from the later part of a century ("c". 350–450) from which an unusually large number of hoards have been discovered, mostly from the fringes of the Empire. Such hoards vary in character, but many include the large pieces of silver tableware lacking in the Hoxne Hoard: dishes, jugs and ewers, bowls and cups, some plain, but many highly decorated. Two other major hoards discovered in modern East Anglia in the last century are from the fourth century; both are now in the British Museum. The Mildenhall Treasure from Suffolk consists of thirty items of silver tableware deposited in the late fourth century, many large and elaborately decorated, such as the "Great Dish". The Water Newton Treasure from Cambridgeshire

Local context.

Hoxne, where the hoard was discovered, is located in Suffolk in modern-day East Anglia. Although no large, aristocratic villa has been located in the Hoxne area, there was a Roman settlement nearby from the first through fourth centuries at Scole, about north–west of Hoxne, at the intersection of two Roman roads. One of these, Pye Road, (today's A140), linked Venta Icenorum (Caistor St Edmund) to Camulodunum (Colchester) and Londinium (London).  The field in which the hoard was discovered was shown

Acquisition, display, and impact.

The hoard was acquired by the British Museum in April 1994. As the Museum's entire purchase fund amounted to only £1.4 million at the time, the hoard had to be purchased with the assistance of donors that included the National Heritage Memorial Fund, the National Art Collections Fund (now the Art Fund), and the J. Paul Getty Trust. The grants from these and other benefactors enabled the museum to raise the £1.75 million needed for the acquisition.  Items from the hoard have been on display almost continuously since the treasure was received at the British Museum. Some items were displayed at the Museum as early as September 1993 in response to public interest. Much of the hoard was exhibited at Ipswich Museum in 1994–1995. From 1997, the most important items went on permanent display at the British Museum in a new and enlarged Roman Britain gallery (Room 49), alongside the roughly contemporary Thetford Hoard, and adjacent to the Mildenhall Treasure, which contains large silver vessels of types that are absent from the Hoxne Hoard. Some items from the Hoxne Hoard were included in "Treasure: Finding Our Past", a touring exhibition that was shown in five cities in England and Wales in 2003. A perspex reconstruction of the chest and inner boxes in which it was deposited was created for this tour, showing the arrangement of the different types of items with sample items inside. It is now part of the permanent display in London, along with other items laid out more traditionally.  The first comprehensive research on the Hoard was published in the full catalogue of the coins by Peter Guest in 2005, and the catalogue of the other objects by Catherine Johns in 2010. The hoard was third in the list of British archaeological finds selected by experts at the British Museum for the 2003 BBC Television documentary "Our Top Ten Treasures", which included archive footage of its finder, Eric Lawes, and the "Empress" pepper-pot was selected as item 40 in the 2010 BBC Radio 4 series "A History of the World in 100 Objects".  The discovery and excavation of the Hoxne Hoard improved the relationship between the archaeological profession and the community of metal detectorists. Archaeologists were pleased that Lawes reported the find promptly and largely undisturbed, allowing a professional excavation. Metal detectorists noted that Lawes' efforts were appreciated by the archaeological profession. The Treasure Act 1996 is thought to have contributed to more hoards being made available to archaeologists. The act changed the law so that the owner of the land and the person who finds the hoard have a strong stake in the value of the discovery. The manner of the finding of the Hoxne Hoard by metal detector, and its widespread publicity, contributed to changing the previous system of common law for dealing with treasure trove into a statutory legal framework that takes into account technology such as metal detectors, provides incentives for treasure hunters to report finds, and considers the interests of museums and scholars.

The Hoxne Hoard ( ) is the largest hoard of late Roman silver and gold discovered in Britain, and the largest collection of gold and silver coins of the fourth and fifth centuries found anywhere within the Roman Empire. It was found by Eric Lawes, a metal detectorist in the village of Hoxne in Suffolk, England in 1992. The hoard consists of 14,865 Roman gold, silver, and bronze coins and approximately 200 items of silver tableware and gold jewellery. The objects are now in the British Museum in London, where the most important pieces and a selection of the rest are on permanent display. In 1993, the Treasure Valuation Committee valued the hoard at £1.75 million (roughly equivalent to £ in ).

霍克森宝藏(英语:Hoxne Hoard),是1992年11月16日在英国英格兰萨福克郡霍克森发现的一个英国罗马时期晚期金银窖藏,该窖藏被霍克森的当地农民艾瑞克·劳斯(Eric Lawes)用金属探测器发现,现藏于伦敦大英博物馆,主要藏品和部分其他藏品在该馆永久性展出。该窖藏包括14865枚四世纪末、五世纪初的罗马货币和大约200件银质餐具和黄金首饰,是英国已发现的同时期金银窖藏中最大的,也是在原罗马帝国各地区发现的四、五世纪金银币文物中数量最多的。1993年,宝藏估价委员会对其估值是175万英镑(合年英镑)。


Contents.

There are eight short stories in the book. Three of the stories ("Chance", "Soon", and "Silence") are about a single character named "Juliet Henderson".

Runaway.

Carla fell for Clark. They both love animals, horses especially. Clark is handsome, lean, sought after. Carla thinks her family is too materialistic. She runs away with Clark. Turns out Clark is emotionally abusive and has a bit of a temper. Sylvia, or Mrs Jamieson, comes back from Greece. Her husband, the poet is dead. Clark sends Carla to Sylvia’s house as part of his scheme. Instead, she breaks down and confesses her anguish and disappointment about their marriage. Sylvia offers her an option. She runs away on a bus. She begins to have doubts. She calls Clark to pick her up. At night, Clark tells Sylvia not to meddle with his marriage. The two, hostile, become friendlier upon Flora’s return. It is implied that Clark kills Flora.

Powers.

"Powers," the eighth and final story in the collection, is divided into five parts. The first part comprises the diaries of Nancy, a self-centered young woman convinced that she is destined to have some great importance. She startles the town doctor, Wilf, on April Fool's Day by pretending to have a illness; when she later tries to apologize to him, he unexpectedly proposes to her. Nancy, ashamed of her conduct, accepts his proposal although she feels little affection for him. She expresses surprise that her life has proved so mundane after all.  The second part shifts into third-person narration and takes place several months after the first part. Nancy and Wilf are engaged and preparing for their wedding. Wilf's cousin Ollie is in town to attend the ceremony, and Nancy becomes fascinated by his worldly affectations. In an attempt to impress him, she takes Ollie to visit Tessa, a friend of hers that lives on the outskirts of town. Tessa has psychic abilities that allow her to see through objects; she correctly identifies all of the items in Ollie's pockets. Ollie seemingly dismisses her, but Nancy fears that he is hiding a deeper interest. She writes Tessa, warning her to avoid Ollie. Tessa responds, revealing that she and Ollie have already eloped to the United States. They intend to get married and test her abilities scientifically.  The third part leaps forward into the 1960s. Nancy is now an aging woman visiting an American mental hospital. The facility is shutting down, but she has received a letter asking that she retrieve Tessa, who has lived there for some time. Nancy has no intention of doing so, and she arranges with the management to leave alone after she has spoken with Tessa. When the two former friends meet, Nancy attempts to learn about Ollie and his life with Tessa. Tessa, however, cannot remember anything; electroshock therapy has ruined her memory. She claims that someone may have strangled Ollie, but she recalls nothing else. Tessa then guesses that Nancy plans to abandon her at the facility. Feeling guilty, Nancy promises to write her after she leaves, although she never does.  The fourth part moves forward a few more years. Wilf has died from the complications of a stroke, and Nancy takes the opportunity to travel. She is in a large city when she randomly encounters Ollie. She and Ollie have a long discussion, in which he discusses his travels with Tessa in the United States. He says that funding for research disappeared after World War II, forcing him and Tessa to work on the vaudeville circuit. The strain of performing gave Tessa horrible headaches and gradually eroded her powers, but she and he developed an intricate system with which to deceive their audiences. Eventually, Ollie says, Tessa died. Nancy does not contradict him. He drives her back to her hotel, and she opens her mouth to invite him up. Before she speaks, however, Ollie refuses. Nancy resolves to find Tessa and bring her to Ollie. She does not succeed.  The fifth part takes place decades later. Nancy has become an elderly woman whose children worry that she is living in the past. She falls asleep and dreams about Tessa and Ollie. They are staying at a motel; Tessa suffers from a terrible headache. In her mind, Tessa suddenly sees a pyramid of flies hidden behind the curtain. Excited that her powers have returned, she awakens Ollie, and they embrace. Ollie, however, worries that Tessa can sense the papers in his front pocket, which will commit her to a mental hospital. It is implied that Tessa does sense their presence. Nevertheless, she no longer cares what happens to her. Nancy then dreams that Ollie decides to spare Tessa. As she does so, a feeling of reprieve lights up her dream. Nancy is pulled out of it as her consciousness disintegrates around her.

In popular culture.

The second, third and fourth stories in the book – "Chance", "Soon" and "Silence" – provided the basis for Almodóvar screenplay for his later film "Julieta" (2016).

Runaway is a book of short stories by Alice Munro. First published in 2004 by McClelland and Stewart, it was awarded that year's Giller Prize and Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize.<ref name="writerstrust.com/RogersFiction">

《逃离》,(英语:Runaway),加拿大英语小说家、2013年诺贝尔文学奖得主爱丽丝·门罗的短篇小说集。 该短篇小说集荣获“布克国际奖”、“吉勒奖”、“《纽约时报》年度图书”、“法国《读书》杂志年度最佳外国小说”。


Origin and staff.

The Situation Room was created in 1961 on the order of President John F. Kennedy after the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion was attributed to a lack of real-time information. The room has secure communications systems built into it and the walls contain wood panels that hide different audio, video and other systems.  The Situation Room staff is organized around five watch teams that monitor domestic and international events. Each watch team includes three duty officers, a communications assistant, and an intelligence analyst, though the number and composition of the teams may vary, depending on shift requirements and workload. The teams are staffed from a pool of approximately 30 senior personnel from various agencies in the intelligence community and from the military. These members are handpicked from heavily vetted nominations made by their parent agencies and are strictly apolitical. They stand watch on a 24-hour basis, constantly monitoring world events and keeping senior White House staff apprised of significant incidents.

Functions.

The mission of the Situation Room is to provide current intelligence and crisis support to the NSC staff, the national security advisor, and the president. In effect, the Situation Room is a 24/7 meeting place for sensitive information flowing into and out of the White House. It is also the funnel through which most communications, especially classified information, will pass when the president is not in residence. It is an essential link, providing the traveling White House with access to all the information available from Washington's national security community.  The day begins with the watch team's preparation of the Morning Book. Prepared for the president, vice president, and most senior White House staff, the Morning Book contains a copy of the National Intelligence Daily, the State Department's Morning Summary, and diplomatic cables and intelligence reports. The Morning Book is usually in the car when the national security advisor is picked up for work. The morning routine also includes the President's Daily Brief, which is prepared by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, hand-delivered, and briefed by an intelligence community officer to the president and other NSC principals.  In addition, the Watch Teams produce morning and evening summaries of highly selective material. These summaries, targeted on current interagency issues, are transmitted electronically to the NSC staff.  The Situation Room staff also provides alerts on breaking events to NSC and White House personnel. Responsibility for informing the president belongs to the national security adviser. Later, a written "Sit Room Note" will be prepared, summarizing the event with up-to-the-minute reports from other centers, perhaps including a photo, diagram, or map. The task of the Situation Room staff is to ensure that the president and national security advisor are informed not only of the current situation but also how the situation is being portrayed by the media.  Another typical Situation Room activity is arranging the president's phone calls and other sensitive communications with foreign heads of state. This includes coordinating the timing of such calls at each end, providing interpreters where necessary, and ensuring appropriate security and record keeping. In this function, the Situation Room coordinates closely with the White House Communications Agency.

2006–2007 renovations.

The only comprehensive renovation of the Situation Room took place from 2006 to 2007. Prior to the renovation, the room used cathode ray tubes for monitors and fax for communication and had computers and telephones with 1985-era technology. The room also had a small kitchen with no sink. Encrypted audio/visual equipment was also unreliable, and such equipment would sometimes go black, "prompting a presidential outburst". The Situation Room once described as "uncomfortable, unaesthetic and essentially oppressive," while other termed the pre-renovation complex "something of a low-tech dungeon."  Planning for the renovation began before the September 11, 2001, attacks, although the project became more urgent afterward.  Renovations began in August 2006, when the Situation Room complex was gutted down to bricks and bare floor and rebuilt from the ground up. The complex was renovated over about four and a half months and was disruptive, particularly to White House chief of staff Joshua Bolten, whose office was directly above it. "The New York Times" reported that "Staff members described sitting in his room and hearing ear-piercing noise or watching water ripple in glasses on his desk as the floor shook." The renovation yielded several pieces from decades before, including coaxial cables, columns and a frame window from a Franklin D. Roosevelt–era sunken courtyard that was later built over.  The renovations also included an expansion of the Situation Room's use from only the National Security Council to include the Homeland Security Council and office of the White House chief of staff. Some of the mahogany was removed to reduce noise, and three secure video rooms were added in addition to the two already in place. A secure direct feed to Air Force One was added. Additionally, the room was revamped to make future technological upgrades easier—"so you don't have to carve a hole in an antique mahogany wall to improve it," according to Deputy White House Chief of Staff Joe Hagin.  Sensors were installed in the ceilings to detect cellular signals to prevent unauthorized communications and bugging by mobile phones, personal digital assistants, and other devices. Before the renovation, the Secret Service confiscated phones but had no other means of preventing smuggled communication devices. The new complex includes a lead-lined cabinet near the reception area for the deposit of personal communication devices upon entry. Close by are glass-encased booths (which the Associated Press described as "retro-looking") for secure and private telephone calls.  The seating of the room was also changed to add "two tiers of curved computer terminals that can be fed both classified and unclassified data from around the country and the world" for watch officers (who before the renovation were seated "so they stared at walls rather than each other"). The new Situation Room has six flat panel display televisions for secure videoconferencing.  The renovation was formally completed by mid-May 2007. On May 17, 2007, President George W. Bush and British prime minister Tony Blair participated in a video conference with members of their Iraq teams from the newly renovated Situation Room. The following day, President Bush officially opened the newly refurbished Situation Room in a ribbon-cutting ceremony.

The Situation Room, officially known as the John F. Kennedy Conference Room, is a conference room and intelligence management center in the basement of the West Wing of the White House. It is run by the National Security Council staff for the use of the president of the United States and his advisors (including the national security advisor, the homeland security advisor and the White House chief of staff) to monitor and deal with crises at home and abroad and to conduct secure communications with outside (often overseas) persons. The Situation Room is equipped with secure, advanced communications equipment for the president to maintain command and control of U.S. forces around the world.

白宫战情室(英文:White House Situation Room)是一间位于美国白宫西厢办公室地下室,总面积约为的会议室和情报管理中心。其主要用途是由包括美国总统、副总统、白宫办公厅主任、国务卿、国防部长、参谋长联席会议主席、中央情报局局长、国家安全顾问等在内的国家安全委员会对国内外突发且事关美国国家安全方面的事项进行快速蹉商和反应的工作场所。这里拥有完备充足的高级安全通讯设施,可以让美国总统随时对分布在世界各地的美国军队进行调控。


Creation.

On 1 January 1948, under the provisions of the Transport Act 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board was nationalised and renamed the London Transport Executive, becoming a subsidiary organisation of the British Transport Commission, which was formed on the same day. Another subsidiary of the Commission was the Railway Executive (which traded as British Railways), which meant that London Transport and the main-line railways were under the same management for the first and last time in their respective histories.

Projects.

A great deal of the early work of the LTE was spent repairing and replacing stock and stations damaged during the war. LTE also oversaw the completion of the delayed Central line expansion, which had been part of the 1935–40 New Works Programme begun by the LPTB. By 1949, the westbound extension to West Ruislip and the eastbound extension to Ongar was finished.  The main priority of the BTC was to modernise its main-line railways and many of the uncompleted projects which were part of the New Works programme were postponed or shelved. These included plans to extend the Bakerloo line to Camberwell, and to extend the Northern line to Bushey Heath, linking up the separate branches terminating at Edgware and Mill Hill East in the process. However, this latter scheme (the Northern Heights) was never completed, as the protection of the countryside, under the newly created Green Belt plan, stopped residential building in this area and reduced passenger numbers would not justify the expenditure.  The LTE completed the electrification of the outer sections of the Central line and the Metropolitan line.  On the Central line, steam locomotives were still operating between Greenford and West Ruislip in the west and between Leytonstone and Ongar in the east. Electrification to West Ruislip was completed in 1948, leading to the start of passenger trains, which did not require locomotive changes, on 21 November of that year. On the same day, electrification round the "Fairlop loop" in the east was completed. And from 25 September 1949, electric tube trains were in operation between Loughton and Epping. This left a steam shuttle service operating between Epping and Ongar, which was not electrified until 18 November 1957. New trains were introduced on the line in 1959.  The modernisation of the Metropolitan line, the final part of the New Works programme which had not been completed or scrapped, was finally given the go-ahead by the BTC in 1956. This consisted of electrification between Rickmansworth and Amersham and Chesham, some station reconstruction and the replacement of the rolling stock. Steam locomotives were fully withdrawn from the Underground network on 9 September 1961. By the end of 1962, new A stock trains had replaced all the pre-war stock on the Metropolitan line.  The London Transport Executive started direct recruitment in Ireland and the Caribbean in the 1950s.  The LTE oversaw the elimination of London's trams in 1952 and the trolleybus system in 1962. In terms of bus transport, the AEC Routemaster bus was first introduced in 1956.

Abolition.

By the late 1950s the BTC was in serious financial difficulties, which were largely due to the economic performance of the railways. It was criticised as an excessively bureaucratic system of administering transport services which had failed to develop an integrated transport system (such as integrated ticketing and timetabling). It was abolished by Harold Macmillan's Conservative government under the Transport Act 1962. This replaced the LTE with the London Transport Board, which was directly accountable to the Ministry of Transport.

Reuse of name.

The London Transport Executive was also the title of the arm of the Greater London Council that ran public transport in London between 1970 and 1984.

The London Transport Executive (LTE) was the organisation responsible for public transport in the Greater London area, UK, between 1948 and 1962. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and operational brand of the organisation was London Transport.

本条目中的“伦敦公共交通管理局”指1948年至1962年大伦敦的公共交通管理部门。


Plot.

In 1987, Jordan Belfort procures a job as a Wall Street stockbroker for L.F. Rothschild, employed under Mark Hanna, who quickly entices him with the sex- and drugs-fueled stockbroker culture and passes on his idea that a stockbroker's only goal is to make money for himself. Jordan soon finds his career terminated following Black Monday, the largest one day stock market drop in history, and takes a job at a boiler room brokerage firm on Long Island that specializes in penny stocks. Thanks to his aggressive pitching style and the high commissions, Jordan makes a small fortune.  Jordan befriends his neighbor, Donnie Azoff, and the two found their own company. They recruit several of Jordan's friends, whom Jordan trains in the art of the "hard sell." Belfort's tactics and salesmanship largely contributed to the success of his pump and dump scheme which involves inflating the price of a stock through issuing misleading, positive statements in order to sell it at an artificially augmented price. When the perpetrators of the scheme sell their overvalued securities, the price drops immensely and those who were conned into buying at the inflated price lose a significant amount of money. To cloak this, Jordan gives the firm the respectable-sounding name of Stratton Oakmont in 1989. After an exposé in "Forbes", hundreds of ambitious young financiers flock to his company. Jordan becomes immensely successful and slides into a decadent lifestyle of prostitutes and drugs. He has an affair with a woman named Naomi Lapaglia. When his wife finds out, Jordan divorces her and marries Naomi in 1991. Meanwhile, the SEC and the FBI begin investigating Stratton Oakmont. In 1993, Jordan illegally makes $22 million in three hours upon securing the IPO of Steve Madden. This brings him and his firm further to the attention of the FBI. To hide his money, Jordan opens a Swiss bank account with corrupt banker Jean-Jacques Saurel in the name of Naomi's Aunt Emma, who is a British national and thus outside the reach of American authorities. He uses the wife and in-laws of his friend Brad Bodnick, who have European passports, to smuggle the cash into Switzerland.  Donnie gets into a public brawl with Brad, and, while Donnie escapes, Brad is arrested. Brad does not say a word about Donnie or Jordan to the police. Jordan learns from his private investigator that the FBI is wiretapping his phones. Fearing for his son, Jordan's father advises him to leave Stratton Oakmont and lie low while Jordan's lawyer negotiates a deal to keep him out of prison. Jordan, however, cannot bear to quit and talks himself into staying in the middle of his farewell speech. In 1996, Jordan, Donnie, and their wives are on a yacht trip to Italy when they learn that Aunt Emma has died of a heart attack. Jordan decides to travel to Switzerland immediately to settle the bank account. To bypass border controls, he orders his yacht captain to sail to Monaco, but the ship is capsized in a storm. After their rescue, the plane sent to take them to Geneva is destroyed when a seagull flies into the engine. Jordan takes this as a sign from God and decides to sober up.  Two years later, the FBI arrests Jordan because Saurel, arrested in Florida on an unrelated charge, has informed the FBI on Jordan. Since the evidence against him is overwhelming, Jordan agrees to gather evidence on his colleagues in exchange for leniency. Naomi tells Jordan she is divorcing him and wants full custody of their children. They get into a full-fledged argument with Jordan striking Naomi and snorting cocaine hidden in the couch cushions, and he tries to get into his car with their daughter but crashes into a brick pillar while pulling out of the garage. Later on, Jordan wears a wire to work but slips a note to Donnie warning him. Donnie keeps the note and rats out Jordan to the FBI. Jordan is arrested for breaching his co-operation deal. The FBI raids and shuts down Stratton Oakmont. Despite the breach, Jordan receives a reduced sentence of 36 months in a minimum security prison for his testimony and would be released after serving 22 months. After his release, Jordan makes a living hosting seminars on sales technique.  Additionally, frequent Scorsese collaborator J. C. MacKenzie appears as Lucas Solomon, and Ashlie Atkinson appears as Rochelle Applebaum, a federal agent. Thomas Middleditch plays a stock broker who is rebuked and fired by Donnie. Fran Lebowitz appears as a judge. Spike Jonze has an uncredited role as Dwayne, a penny stock trader.

Production.

Development.

In 2007, Leonardo DiCaprio/Warner Bros. won a bidding war against Brad Pitt/Paramount Pictures for the rights to Jordan Belfort's memoir "The Wolf of Wall Street", Jordan Belfort made $1 million on the movie rights. Martin Scorsese was considered to direct the film, during pre-production, Scorsese worked on the film's script before working on "Shutter Island". He describes having "wasted five months of [his] life" without getting a green light on production dates by the Warner Bros. studio.  In 2010, Warner Bros. had offered Ridley Scott to direct the film, with Leonardo DiCaprio playing the male lead, but the studio eventually abandoned the project.  In 2012, a green light was given by the independent company Red Granite Pictures imposing no content restrictions. Scorsese, knowing there would be no limits to the content he would produce, came back on board resulting in an R rating. Red Granite Pictures also asked Paramount Pictures to distribute the film; Paramount Pictures agreed to distribute the film in North America and Japan, but passed on the rest of the international market. The rights to internationally distribute the film were acquired by Universal Pictures International (UPI).  The film was alleged by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) to have been financed by money stolen from the Malaysian 1MDB sovereign wealth fund by producer Riza Aziz who pled not guilty to charges laid in July 2019. The film is part of a broader investigation into these illicit monetary movements and in 2016 was named in a series of civil complaints filed by the DOJ "for having provided a trust account through which hundreds of millions of dollars belonging to the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) fund were illicitly siphoned". To settle the civil lawsuit, Red Granite Pictures agreed to pay US$60 million to the U.S. government with no “admission of wrongdoing or liability on the part of Red Granite”. This settlement was part of a more expansive U.S. effort to seize approximately $1.7 billion in assets allegedly purchased with funds embezzled from 1MDB.  According to Jordan Belfort, Random House asked him to tone down or excise the depictions of debauchery in some passages of his memoir before publication, especially those relating to his bachelor party which featured acts of zoophilia, rampant use of drugs and nitrous oxide, and a particulary "disturbing" act which he recounted in Logan Paul's podcast. Neither the published version of the memoir nor the film contain references to this, and the film is even tamer in its depiction.  In the film, most of the real-life characters' names have been changed from Belfort's original memoir. Donnie Azoff is based on Danny Porush. The name was changed after Porush threatened to sue the filmmakers. Porush maintains that much of the film was fictional and that Donnie Azoff was not in fact an accurate depiction of him. Former Donna Karan Jeanswear CEO Elliot Lavigne does not appear explicitly in the film, but an incident recounted in the book, in which Belfort gives Lavigne mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to save him from choking to death, is similar to a scene in the film involving Donnie. The FBI agent known as Patrick Denham is the stand-in for real-life Gregory Coleman, and lawyer Manny Riskin is based on Ira Sorkin. Belfort's first wife Denise Lombardo is renamed Teresa Petrillo, while second wife Nadine Caridi became Naomi Lapaglia on-screen. In contrast, Mark Hanna's name remains the same as the LF Rothschild stockbroker who, like Belfort, was convicted of fraud and served time in prison. Belfort's parents Max and Leah Belfort's names remained the same for the film. The role of Aunt Emma was initially offered to Julie Andrews, who refused it as she was recovering from an ankle injury, and she was replaced by Joanna Lumley.  In January 2014, Jonah Hill revealed in an interview with Howard Stern that he made only $60,000 on the film (the lowest possible SAG-AFTRA rate for his amount of work), while his co-star Leonardo DiCaprio (who also produced) received $10 million. Hill didn't care about his settlement though, and wanted to play Donnie Azoff so badly that he was willing to do whatever it took to get the part as it was his dream to be in a Scorsese film.

Filming.

Filming began on August 8, 2012, in New York. Jonah Hill announced that his first day of shooting was September 4, 2012. Filming also took place in Closter, New Jersey and Harrison, New York. In January 2013, additional scenes were shot at a set built in an abandoned office building in Ardsley, New York. Scenes at the beach house were filmed in Sands Point, New York.  Scorsese's longtime editor Thelma Schoonmaker, who has received seven Academy Award nominations for Best Film Editing, stated that the film would be shot digitally instead of on film. Scorsese had been a proponent of shooting on film but decided to shoot "Hugo" digitally because it was being photographed in 3D; however, "The Wolf of Wall Street" was originally planned to be shot digitally despite being filmed in 2D. Schoonmaker expressed her disappointment with the decision: "It would appear that we've lost the battle. I think Marty just feels it's unfortunately over, and there's been no bigger champion of film than him." After extensive comparison tests during pre-production, eventually the majority of the film was shot on film stock while scenes that used green screen effects or low light were shot with the digital Arri Alexa. The film contains 400–450 VFX shots.

Use of animals.

"The Wolf of Wall Street" uses animals including a chimpanzee, a lion, a snake, a fish, and dogs. The chimpanzee and the lion were provided by the Big Cat Habitat wildlife sanctuary in Sarasota County, Florida. The four-year-old chimpanzee Chance spent time with actor Leonardo DiCaprio and learned to roller skate over the course of three weeks. The sanctuary also provided a lion named Handsome because the film's trading company used a lion for its symbol. Danny Porush, Jordan Belfort's real-life partner, denied that there were any animals in the office, although he admitted to eating an employee's goldfish.

Profanity.

The film set a Guinness World Record for the most instances of swearing in a motion picture. The word "fuck" is used 569 times in the film, averaging 2.81 times per minute. The previous record holders were Scorsese's 1995 gangster film "Casino", which had 422 uses of the word, including in the voice-over narration, and the 1997 British film "Nil by Mouth", in which the word was used 428 times. The record has since been topped by "", which says the word 935 times.  The film's distributor in the United Arab Emirates cut some 45 minutes off the runtime to delete explicit scenes of swearing, religious profanity, drug use, and sex, and "muted" dialogue containing expletives. "The National" reported that filmgoers in the UAE believed the film should not have been shown rather than being edited so heavily.

Release.

"The Wolf of Wall Street" premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on December 17, 2013, followed by a wide release on December 25, 2013. It was previously slated to be released on November 15, 2013, but the date was pushed back after film cuts were made to reduce the run time. On October 22, 2013, it was reported that the film was set for a Christmas 2013 release. Paramount officially confirmed the Christmas Day 2013 release date on October 29, 2013, with a running time of 165 minutes. On November 25, 2013, the length was announced to be 179 minutes. It was officially rated R for "sequences of strong sexual content, graphic nudity, drug use and language throughout, and for some violence". Scorsese had to edit sexual content and nudity to avoid an NC-17 rating. By different counts, the film contains between 506 and 569 uses of the word "fuck", and currently holds the record for the most uses of the word in a mainstream non-documentary film.  The film is banned in Malaysia, Nepal, Zimbabwe, and Kenya because of its scenes depicting sex, drugs and excessive use of swear words, and additional scenes have been cut in the versions playing in India. In Singapore, after cuts were made to an orgy scene as well as some religiously profane or denigrating language, the film was passed R21.  The film marks a change in film history when Paramount became the first major studio to distribute movies to theaters in digital format, eliminating 35 mm film entirely. "" was the last Paramount production to include a 35mm film version, while "The Wolf of Wall Street" was the first major movie distributed entirely digitally.

File sharing.

According to copyright infringement tracking site Excipio, the film was shared over 30 million times via torrent sites and is the most illegally downloaded film of 2014.

Home media.

"The Wolf of Wall Street" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 25, 2014. On January 27, 2014, it was revealed that a four-hour director's cut would be attached to the home release. It was later revealed by Paramount Pictures and Red Granite Pictures that the home release would feature only the theatrical release.

Reception.

Critical response.

"The Wolf of Wall Street" received positive reviews, with critics praising DiCaprio and Hill's performances, Scorsese's direction, and Winter's screenplay. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 79% based on 277 reviews, with an average rating of 7.77/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Funny, self-referential, and irreverent to a fault, "The Wolf of Wall Street" finds Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio at their most infectiously dynamic." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 75 out of 100 based on 47 critics indicating "generally favorable reviews".  Peter Travers of "Rolling Stone" magazine named "The Wolf of Wall Street" as the third best film of 2013, behind "12 Years a Slave" and "Gravity" at numbers one and two, respectively. The movie was chosen as one of the top ten films of the year by the American Film Institute. Mick LaSalle of the "San Francisco Chronicle" said "it is the best and most enjoyable American film to be released this year." "The Chicago Sun-Times"'s Richard Roeper gave the film a "B+" score, saying the film was "good, not great Scorsese".  Dana Stevens of "Slate" wrote that the movie did not work for her, labeling the film "epic in size, claustrophobically narrow in scope." Marshall Fine of "The Huffington Post" argued that the story "wants us to be interested in characters who are dull people to start with, made duller by their delusions of being interesting because they are high". Some critics viewed the movie as an irresponsible glorification rather than a satirical takedown. DiCaprio defended the film, arguing that it does not glorify the excessive lifestyle it depicts.  In 2016, the film was ranked #78 on the BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century list. In June 2017, Richard Brody of "The New Yorker" named "The Wolf of Wall Street" as the 2nd best film of the 21st century so far, behind Jean-Luc Godard's "In Praise of Love". In 2019, Brody named "The Wolf of Wall Street" the best film of the 2010s.

Audience response.

The film received a "C" rating from audiences surveyed by CinemaScore, a rating lower than anything else in theaters the opening week of the film. The "Los Angeles Times" argues that the film attracted conservative viewers by depicting a more moral tone in its marketing than the film itself depicted.  Christina McDowell, daughter of Tom Prousalis, who worked closely with the real-life Belfort at Stratton Oakmont, wrote an open letter addressing Scorsese, DiCaprio, and Belfort himself, criticizing the film for insufficiently portraying the victims of the financial crimes created by Stratton Oakmont, for disregarding the damage that was done to her family as a result, and for giving celebrity to persons (Belfort and his partners, including her father) who do not deserve it.  Steven Perlberg of "Business Insider" saw an advance screening of the film at a Regal Cinemas near the Goldman Sachs building, with an audience of financial workers. Perlberg reported cheers from the audience at what he considered to be all the wrong moments stating, "When Belfort — a drug addict attempting to remain sober — rips up a couch cushion to get to his secret coke stash, there were cheers."  Former Assistant United States Attorney Joel M. Cohen, who prosecuted the real Belfort, criticized both the movie and the book on which it is based. He said he believes some of Belfort's claims were "invented", as for instance "[Belfort] aggrandized his importance and reverence for him by others at his firm." He strongly criticizes the film for not depicting the "thousands of [scam] victims who lost hundreds of millions of dollars", not accepting the filmmakers' argument that it would have detracted attention from the wrongdoers. Furthermore, he deplores the ending—"beyond an insult" to his victims—in which the real Belfort appears, while showing "a large sign advertising the name of Mr. Belfort's real motivational speaking company", and a positive depiction of Belfort uttering "variants of the same falsehoods he trained others to use against his victims".

Controversy.

Use of animals.

In December 2013, prior to the film's premiere, the organization Friends of Animals criticized the use of the chimpanzee and organized a boycott of the film. Variety reported, "Friends of Animals thinks the chimp... suffered irreversible psychological damage after being forced to act." "The Guardian" commented on the increasing criticism of Hollywoods use of animals stating that "The Wolf of Wall Street's use of a chimpanzee arrives as Hollywood comes under ever-increasing scrutiny for its employment of animals on screen". PETA also launched a campaign to highlight mistreatment of ape "actors" and to petition for DiCaprio not to work with great apes.

Thematic controversy and debate.

Various scholars and individuals have criticized the film as materialistic, encouraging greedy behavior, extreme wealth, and advocating for the infamous individuals portrayed in the movie. Christina McDowell, whose father, Tom Prousalis, worked in association with Jordan Belfort accused the filmmakers of “exacerbating our national obsession with wealth and status and glorifying greed and psychopathic behavior.” She continues to emphasize the gravity and timely significance of Belfort's crimes stating that Wolf of Wall Street is a "reckless attempt at continuing to pretend that these sorts of schemes are entertaining, even as the country is reeling from yet another round of Wall Street scandals". In response to Leonardo DiCaprio defending himself from criticism, Variety journalist Whitney Friedlander describes the movie as “still three hours of cash, drugs, hookers, repeat”. Friedlander argues that the film is a “celebration of this lifestyle” and preaches that short lived extreme wealth and extraordinary experiences are superior to a societally normal behavior.  There are also those like Nikole TenBrink, vice president of marketing and membership at Risk Insurance Management Society, who believe that the film is a “cautionary tale of what can happen when fraud is left unchecked.” She describes Belfort's business acumen, his talent in communicating and selling his ideas, and his ability to motivate others as offering “valuable lessons for risk professionals as they seek to avoid similar pitfalls”. In an interview Josh Greenstein, Chief Marketing Officer of Paramount Pictures during the film's release, he depicts how Paramount Pictures and his marketing team attempted to portray the film as a film about the “overreaching greed of the ‘80s. Greenstein proceeds to argue that “everything in this film is still applicable to what is going on today, where people are in life and how they're feeling about the world.”

Jordan Belfort's reception.

In an interview on London Real with former Wall Street banker and millionaire Brian Rose, Jordan Belfort commented on the film's depiction of himself and of Stratton Oakmont. In this interview, Belfort mentions that the film did an excellent job at describing the “overall feeling of the movie” stating that “the camaraderie, the insanity was all accurate.” Regarding his use of drugs, Belfort mentions that his actual habits were “much worse” than that of the film explicitly stating that he was “on 22 different drugs at the end.”  Belfort also analyzes the major inaccuracies regarding the films oversimplification of Stratton Oakmont's gradual transition from advocating for “speculative stocks” in order to “help build America” to increasingly senseless and greedy crimes. During the interview, Belfort expresses that he “didn't like hearing” overly simplified and blunt depictions of his crimes because “it made me look like I was just trying to rip people off.” While unhappy with these practices, Belfort does acknowledge the cinematic benefits of these oversimplifications as “a very easy way in three hours” to “move the audience emotionally.”

Box office.

"The Wolf of Wall Street" grossed $116.9 million in North America and $275.1 million internationally, for a total gross of $392 million, making it Scorsese's highest-grossing film worldwide. In North America, the film opened at number five in its first weekend, with $19.4 million in 3,387 theaters, behind "", "Frozen", "", and "American Hustle". In Australia, it is the highest grossing R-rated film, earning $12.96 million.

Accolades.

The film was nominated for five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director for Scorsese, Best Adapted Screenplay for Winter, Best Actor for DiCaprio, and Best Supporting Actor for Hill. It was also nominated for four BAFTAs, including Best Director, Best Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay, and two Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. DiCaprio won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.

Top ten lists.

"The Wolf of Wall Street" was listed on many critics' top ten lists.

Soundtrack.

The soundtrack to "The Wolf of Wall Street" features both original and existing music tracks. It was released on December 17, 2013 for digital download.  More than sixty songs were used in the film, but only sixteen were included on the official soundtrack. Notably, among the exceptions are original compositions by Theodore Shapiro.

External links.

The Wolf of Wall Street is a 2013 American biographical black comedy crime film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Terence Winter, based on the 2007 memoir of the same name by Jordan Belfort. It recounts Belfort's perspective on his career as a stockbroker in New York City and how his firm, Stratton Oakmont, engaged in rampant corruption and fraud on Wall Street, which ultimately led to his downfall.

是一部于2013年上映的美国黑色幽默传记片,由马丁·斯科塞斯执导、泰伦斯·温特编剧,剧情改编自乔丹·贝尔福特所写的同名回忆录。主演包括莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥、乔纳·希尔等。本片是史高西斯与狄卡比奥的第五次合作,他们之前合作的电影是《纽约风云》(2002年)、《娱乐大亨》(2004年)、《无间道风云》(2006年)和《不赦岛》(2010年),并且是导演与泰伦斯·温特继电视剧《酒私风云》(2010年–2014年)后的第二次合作。美国于2013年12月25日上映。香港和台湾分别于2014年2月13日、14日上映。


Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres

2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会田径比赛-男子100米

Summary.

Prior to the 2008 season, Usain Bolt was known as a 200-metre sprinter, having set the world youth best in the event four years earlier. He only dabbled in the 100 metres the year before with a one off race in Rethymno. While people were impressed with his 10.03, it didn't strike fear in the 9.9 sprinters around the world. In early May, he talked his coach into letting him try the 100 again, his 9.76 was the second fastest in history, only.02 behind fellow Jamaican Asafa Powell's world record. At the end of the month he entered another 100 metres at the Adidas Grand Prix in New York City. There he was to face reigning triple world champion, Tyson Gay. The result was a new world record 9.72.  While Bolt's slow starts were seen as a liability, once he got moving, nobody seemed able to match his top end speed. He easily had the fastest times in both the quarterfinal and semi-final rounds, while injured Gay and Obikwelu were eliminated. The center lanes of the final, reserved for the fastest qualifiers, included Bolt, Powell, Dix and another collegiate phenom from LSU, Richard Thompson.  In the final, the third Jamaican in the race, Michael Frater got the best start, along with Thompson and Darvis Patton. 30 metres into the race, Bolt was into his full running position and had pulled even with the leader, Thompson. By the next 20 metres, Bolt was simply pulling away, with Thompson breaking up a Jamaican sweep of Frater and Powell. 20 metres before the finish, already with a 3-metre lead, Bolt held out his arms in celebration. Behind him, Dix and Churandy Martina were making a late rush to pick off Frater and Powell. Turning to look back at his vanquished competition, Bolt crossed the finish line sideways, still with the "showboating" and lack of form, his time was a new world record, 9.69. Thompson later said "I could see him slowing down ahead as I was still pumping away."

Records.

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows:  The following new world and Olympic records were set during this competition.

Qualification.

Each National Olympic Committee (NOC) was able to enter up to three entrants providing they had met the A qualifying standard (10.21) in the qualifying period (1 January 2007 to 23 July 2008). NOCs were also permitted to enter one athlete providing he had met the B standard (10.28) in the same qualifying period.

Disqualification.

Eight years after the event, the IOC reanalyzed doping samples and disqualified Samuel Francis for having stanozolol in his sample.

Results.

All times shown are in seconds. The following abbreviations are used:  The first round was held on 15 August. The first three runners of each heat plus the next ten overall fastest runners qualified for the second round.  Heat 1 Heat 2 Heat 3 Heat 4 Heat 5 Heat 6 Heat 7 Heat 8 Heat 9 Heat 10

Quarterfinals.

The quarterfinals was held on 15 August. The first three runners of each heat plus the next overall fastest runner qualified for the semifinals.  Quarterfinal 1 Quarterfinal 2 Quarterfinal 3 Quarterfinal 4 Quarterfinal 5

Semifinals.

The semifinals were held on 16 August. The first four runners from each semifinal qualified for the final.  Semifinal 1 Semifinal 2

Final.

The final was held on 16 August.

The men's 100 metres sprint event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on 15 and 16 August at the Beijing National Stadium. The final was won by Jamaican Usain Bolt in a world record time of 9.69 seconds.

2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会男子100米跑赛事在2008年8月15日及8月16日在北京国家体育馆举行。男子100米是被视为本届奥运所有比赛项目最受人关注的比赛小项之一,比赛共有来自64个国家及地区的84名运动员参与。8月16日进行的决赛阶段,牙买加运动员-{zh-cn:尤塞恩·博尔特;zh-hk:保特;zh-tw:尤塞恩·柏特}-以破世界纪录的9秒69成绩夺得奥运男子100米金牌,打破自己同年5月保持的男子100米世界纪录。-{zh-cn:尤塞恩·博尔特;zh-hk:保特;zh-tw:尤塞恩·柏特}-亦是有纪录以来第四位于奥运男子100米决赛打破世界纪录,而且他也是第一次夺得奥运男子100米金牌的牙买加运动员,历届男子100米比赛牙买加只是取得三银两铜。


Toll plaza.

There are toll plazas for customs clearance on either side of the bridge. The toll plaza for payment for use of the bridge is on the Canadian side only.  High mast lighting is used on the Canadian side with regular light standards used for bridge and US toll plaza.

Previous suspension bridges.

The first "Queenston-Lewiston Bridge" was built in 1851 by engineer Edward Serrell and wrecked by wind in 1864 (or 1854). Some of the cables were still in place as late as 1895. The road deck span was about. The suspension bridge design was unusual because the cables were attached to the cliff with only small towers. This made the road deck span shorter than the cable span of.  A second bridge called the "Queenston-Lewiston Bridge", a suspension bridge was later constructed. Located north, the suspension bridge was originally built near the location of the present-day Rainbow Bridge, and was moved to Queenston in 1898 by R.S. Buck and engineer L.L. Buck, after the completion of the Rainbow Bridge's predecessor, the Upper Steel Arch Bridge. The suspension bridge was dismantled in 1963 after the current bridge was completed and opened. Reminders of the earlier bridge are still visible in the area. First is two columns that lie within the Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park. Second is the original plaque, now located midspan alongside the road, right at the border between the two countries. The plaque is flanked by a US and a Canadian flag.  The supports are part of Owen Morrell's Omega, a steel sculpture and observation platform added in 1981. Two columns remain on the Canadian side at the foot of York Street in a wooded area now known as York Park.

Plane crash.

On December 1, 1961, while the bridge was under construction, an F-100 fighter (variously reported as belonging to the United States Air Force or Air National Guard) caught fire just after taking off from a base near Niagara Falls, New York. To protect people in the city, the pilot steered it into the Niagara River gorge before safely ejecting; but this aimed it near the construction site. It passed not far over the heads of workers near the site, missed a construction crane by about, and crashed into the gorge side about 600 feet beyond the bridge before falling into the river.

Border crossings.

The crossing is the fourth-busiest on the Canada–United States border, with delays of up to two hours. It is on the most direct route connecting the US Interstate system to Toronto and Detroit. Canada replaced its border inspection facilities in 2011. The United States continues to use its original 1962 border inspection facilities; however in 2016 it announced plans to spend $50 Million to upgrade them. Both facilities are open 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. All commercial vehicles crossing between the US and Canada in the Niagara Falls area must use this crossing.

The Lewiston–Queenston Bridge, also known as the Queenston–Lewiston Bridge, is an arch bridge that crosses the Niagara River gorge just south of the Niagara Escarpment. The bridge was officially opened on November 1, 1962. It is an international bridge between the United States and Canada. It connects Interstate 190 in the town of Lewiston, New York to Highway 405 in the community of Queenston, Ontario. The Lewiston–Queenston Bridge is a twin of the Rainbow Bridge at Niagara Falls and designed by Richard (Su Min) Lee.

刘易斯顿-昆士顿桥(英语:Lewiston–Queenston Bridge)是美加边境上的拱桥,跨越尼亚加拉河连接美国纽约州刘易斯顿和加拿大安大略省滨湖尼亚加拉镇昆士顿,西端驳上安大略405号省道,东端则驳上190号州际公路。大桥的设计仿效位于上游尼亚加拉瀑布的彩虹桥,于1962年11月1日正式通车。大桥设有五条可转换方向的行车线,但不设人行道。此外,大桥两端各设美加边检关卡;美方关卡不设NEXUS卡或FAST卡持卡人快线,而加方关卡则设NEXUS卡持卡人快线。


Features.

The New Testament revision company was commissioned in 1870 by the convocation of Canterbury. Their stated aim was "to adapt King James' version to the present state of the English language without changing the idiom and vocabulary," and "to adapt it to the present standard of Biblical scholarship." To those ends, the Greek text that was used to translate the New Testament was believed by most to be of higher reliability than the "Textus Receptus". The readings used were compiled from a different text of the Greek Testament by Edwin Palmer.  While the text of the translation itself is widely regarded as excessively literal and flat, the Revised Version is significant in the history of English Bible translation for many reasons. At the time of the RV's publication, the nearly 300-year-old King James Version was the main Protestant English Bible in Victorian England. The RV, therefore, is regarded as the forerunner of the entire modern translation tradition. It was also considered more accurate than the King James Version in a number of verses.

New version.

The revisers were charged with introducing alterations only if they were deemed necessary to be more accurate and faithful to the Original Greek and Hebrew texts. In the New Testament alone more than 30,000 changes were made, over 5,000 on the basis of what were considered better Greek manuscripts. The work was begun in 1879, with the entire work completed in 1885. (The RV Apocrypha came out in 1895.)  The Revised Version of 1885 was the first post-King James Version modern English Bible at the time to gain popular acceptance; and it was used and quoted favorably by ministers, authors, and theologians in the late 1800s and throughout the 1900s, such as Andrew Murray, T. Austin-Sparks, Watchman Nee, H.L. Ellison, F.F. Bruce, and Clarence Larkin, in their works. Other important enhancements introduced in the RV include arrangement of the text into paragraphs, printing Old Testament poetry in indented poetic lines (rather than as prose), and the inclusion of marginal notes to alert the reader to variations in wording in ancient manuscripts. In its Apocrypha, the Revised Version became the first printed edition in English to offer the complete text of Second Esdras, inasmuch as damage to one 9th-century manuscript had caused 70 verses to be omitted from previous editions and printed versions, including the King James Version.  In the United States, the Revised Version was adapted and revised as the "Revised Version, Standard American Edition" (better known as the American Standard Version) in 1901. The American Standard Version is largely identical to the Revised Version of 1885, with minor variations in wording considered to be slightly more accurate. One noticeable difference is the much more frequent use of the form "Jehovah" in the Old Testament of the American Standard Version, rather than "the " that is used more so in the Revised Version of 1885, to represent the Divine Name, the Tetragrammaton.  The Revised Version (both the 1885 and the American Revision of 1901) are some of the Bible versions that are authorized to be used in services of the Episcopal Church and also of the Church of England.

Later history.

The American Standard Version was the basis for many revisions in the first hundred years after it was released. The RV itself has never been the basis for any revision except for the American Standard Version and the Apocrypha in the Revised Standard Version.  As the Revised Version is out of copyright worldwide, it is widely available online and in digital and e-reader formats although it is significantly less popular than the KJV or the ASV in this manner. However, interest in the Revised Version 1885 has grown in recent years due to the internet, for general research and reference, and study of history of English Bible translations. It is sparsely available in printed published form today, with only Cambridge University Press publishing it in the form of a KJV/RV interlinear.

The Revised Version (RV) or English Revised Version (ERV) of the Bible is a late 19th-century British revision of the King James Version. It was the first and remains the only officially authorised and recognised revision of the King James Version in Britain. The work was entrusted to over 50 scholars from various denominations in Britain. American scholars were invited to co-operate, by correspondence. The New Testament was published in 1881, the Old Testament in 1885, and the Apocrypha in 1894. The best known of the translation committee members were Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort; their fiercest critic of that period was John William Burgon.

英语修订版圣经(英文:English Revised Version),又称修订版圣经,是英语世界的人在19世纪后期针对1611年的钦定版圣经所作的英国修订版本。新约出版于1881年,旧约于1885年出版,伪经于1895年出版。


Name.

The Huracán's name ("huracán" being the Spanish word for hurricane) is inspired by a Spanish fighting bull. Names from historical Spanish fighting bulls has been the traditional naming scheme of most Lamborghini car models. Huracán was a bull known for its courage that fought in 1879.

Huracán (2014–2019).

Specifications.

Engine.

The Huracán maintains the 5.2-litre naturally aspirated Audi/Lamborghini V10 engine from the Gallardo, tuned to generate a maximum power output of. To ensure its balance and performance, the car is mid-engined. The engine has both direct fuel injection and multi-point fuel injection. It combines the benefits of both of these systems; it is the first time this combination is used in a V10 engine. To increase its efficiency, the Huracán's engine also includes a start-stop system.

Performance.

With a curb weight of, the Huracán LP610-4 has a power-to-weight ratio of per horsepower.

Technical information.

The Huracán has an electronically controlled all-wheel drive system, which aims to increase the traction on various surfaces and the overall performance of the car. The car has a 7-speed dual clutch transmission, Lamborghini's new 'Doppia Frizione' (Dual Clutch) gearbox. The transmission performs differently depending on the mode the driver has selected. The Huracán will only be available with an automatic transmission; a manual will not be offered.  The Huracán also has a magnetically controlled suspension system. It utilises magnetorheological dampers to very quickly change how the suspension acts, ensuring performance as well as usability.  The Huracan has various components in common with the second generation of the Audi R8. This is due to the sharing of Volkswagen's sports car technology among both of the cars.

Interior.

The Huracán has various interior options for more comfort inside the car. It has a choice for full electric control and heating of the sport seats in addition to the standard lengthwise alignment and electric backrest. The car also has an optional navigation system and leather upholstering. The Huracán is one of the first sports cars moving the infotainment system out of the center stack: Lamborghini Infotainment System. The result: a display that lets the driver decide what they want to see. It is the first Lamborghini automobile to use the 12.3 inch TFT virtual cockpit from parent company Audi, which is available with high-definition (1440 x 540) 3D computer graphics, Bluetooth, Google Earth GPS navigation and Multi Media Interface-like menu and dashboard controls, all powered by Nvidia Tegra 3.

Technology.

Various aspects of the Huracán are technologically advanced. The car has full LED headlamps, which ensure higher contrast in night conditions. Also, the Huracán has optional "Lamborghini Dynamic Steering" (LDS) to add to the standard power steering. The Dynamic Steering changes the steering performance from normal, comfortable steering to a racing feeling. The main control for changing the car's performance according to driving conditions is the mode selector ANIMA (Adaptive Network Intelligent Management). ANIMA controls the engine, the transmission, LDS, the all-wheel drive, magnetorheological suspension, and the electronic stability control. The Lamborghini Piattaforma Inerziale (LPI) carries out precise measurements of the vehicle movements using on board sensors (3 accelerometers and 3 gyroscopes) linked to ANIMA via high-speed FlexRay CAN bus. The driver can select street, sport, or race mode to alter how systems like the engine or transmission respond while driving.

Variants.

Huracán LP 610-4 Coupe (2014–2019).

Changes from Gallardo included full LED illumination, a 12.3 inch full-colour TFT instrument panel, Fine Nappa leather and Alcantara interior upholstery, redesigned dashboard and central tunnel, Iniezione Diretta Stratificata (IDS, essentially an adapted version of parent Audi's Fuel Stratified Injection) direct and indirect gasoline injections, engine Stop & Start technology, EU6 emissions regulation compliance, "Lamborghini Doppia Frizione" (LDF) 7-speed dual-clutch transmission with 3 modes (STRADA, SPORT and CORSA), 20-inch wheels, carbon-ceramic braking system, optional Lamborghini Dynamic Steering variable steering system and MagneRide electromagnetic damper control.  The main competitors of the Huracán include the McLaren 650S (as well as the 720S), the Audi R8, the Ferrari 458 Speciale and the 488 GTB. Extra options that increase the price of the car include interior enhancements, special paint schemes, improved suspension, and a lifting system, as well as multiple components optionally available in carbon fibre, rather than aluminium.  Taiwan models went on sale for.

Huracán LP 610-4 Polizia (2014).

The Huracán LP 610-4 Polizia is the official police car variant specifically produced for the Italian State Police, after the two Gallardos used by the Polizia Stradale were destroyed in the course of patrol duty. This model sports various features exclusive to the car, such as blue Polizia body colour, white stripes and lettering following the Huracán's dynamic design language, a video system positioned in the centre of the cabin with a camera fitted next to the rear view mirror, a police computer, recording equipment behind the seats, a Proof Video Data System, gun holster, police radio equipment, a "Paletta" (the traditional hand-held stop sign used to advise motorists and traffic offenders to pull over), a removable screen, a refrigeration system at the luggage compartment in the front of the vehicle (for use in the vehicle's role in transporting organs for transplantation), a defibrillator, and a police beacon with blue LEDs around the base and white LED signals on the front, sides and rear of the light's aluminium shell.

Huracán LP 610-4 Avio (2016–2017).

Unveiled at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show, the Avio is the first limited edition of the Huracán, bringing new colours, upholstery, exterior decals and interior logos inspired by the Italian fighter jets along with featuring a tricolore cockade in Red, White and Green. On the centre console there is a plaque indicating the limited number from 250 examples offered.

Huracán LP 610-4 Spyder (2016–2019).

The convertible variant of the Huracán LP 610-4 was revealed at the Frankfurt Motor Show on 14 September 2015. The 5.2-litre naturally-aspirated V10 engine is the same as the coupé and generates a maximum power output of. Acceleration from 0 to takes 3.4 seconds and the top speed is. It has the same 7-speed Lamborghini Doppia Frizione (LDF) dual-clutch transmission as that of the coupé. The Spyder has a dry weight of

Huracán LP 580-2 (2016–2019).

Unveiled at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show, the Huracán LP 580-2 is a lower cost derivative of the Huracán LP 610-4 that differs mostly in having the 5.2 L V10 engine detuned to and of torque along with having a rear wheel drive drivetrain instead of the all-wheel drive drivetrain found in the standard Huracán. Lamborghini claims the car will accelerate from in 3.4 seconds and in 10.1 seconds. The top speed is claimed to be as high as. It also features slight visual differences to the standard variant of the car – with a different front fascia and larger air vents at the rear of the car for improved brake cooling. The seven-speed dual-clutch transmission is the same as used in the standard LP 610-4. The base level LP 580-2 costs, about less than the base level LP 610-4.

Huracán LP 580-2 Pope Francis (2017).

Lamborghini specially manufactured a tailor-made Huracán LP 580-2 and donated it to Pope Francis before the general audience in the presence of the top management of the company. The exclusive and personalized car, signed by the Pontiff, was auctioned out by Sotheby's, and the proceeds were delivered directly to the Holy See, which will allocate the charitable sum for the reconstruction of the Nineveh Plain through the Foundation of Papal Law "Aiuto alla Chiesa che Soffre".

Huracán LP 580-2 Spyder (2016–2019).

A convertible variant of the Huracán LP 580-2 was unveiled at the Los Angeles Auto Show on 16 November 2016. The 5.2-litre naturally-aspirated V10 engine is the same as in the coupé, and generates a maximum power output of. 0 to takes 3.6 seconds and the top speed is.

Huracán LP 640-4 Performante (2017–2019).

A track oriented variant of the Huracán, called the Performante, was unveiled at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show.  The Performante underwent various exterior changes with the most noticeable being the front and rear bumpers. Carbon fibre is used for the bumpers and the side skirts. An adjustable carbon fibre rear wing has been added to increase downforce. The position of the exhaust has also been changed, and is now just a bit above the rear diffuser. The interior also underwent noticeable changes, now sporting new seats and a new digital speedometer (similar to that of the Aventador SV's speedometer).  The Performante's 5.2-liter V10 has been tuned to have a power output of at 8,000 rpm and of torque at 6,500 rpm. The weight has also decreased by, courtesy of the forged aluminium and forged carbon fibre body components (first used in the construction of the Sesto Elemento). All the new aero components on the car have active aerodynamic capability and help keep the car stable at high speeds. The Performante is capable of accelerating from in 2.9 seconds and has a theoretical top speed of.  The car has been stiffened by 10% with new springs, roll bars, and radial axial arm bushings. The magnetorheological suspension has been reworked to give a driver a serious track experience. The Lamborghini Dynamic Steering has been re-calibrated. The Performante utilises Lamborghini's new ALA (Aerodinamica Lamborghini Attiva) system, which is said to be 80% lighter than regular sports car hydraulic systems. According to Lamborghini, ALA is also said to provide 750% more downforce than the standard Huracán. The price of the car is set at US$274,390.  In October 2016, a prototype of the Performante set a lap time of 6:52.01 on the Nürburgring Nordschleife, with Marco Mapelli behind the wheel, making it one of the world's fastest production cars around the track. This lap was also made on Marco Mapelli's first attempt. However, some critics have stated complaints around the car's lap time, from the official video being sped up to make the lap believable, to the speeds displayed in the video being false or that it did not use road tires. However, Lamborghini was able to prove that the lap the Performante did was fully legitimate exactly a week after the lap around the Nordschleife when they revealed the data to car website, "Road & Track". Máté Petrany of R&T had met with lead engineer of Lamborghini, Maurizio Reggiani, to ask about the lap. It was then revealed by Reggiani that the Performante's active aerodynamic system called "Aerodinamica Lamborghini Attiva" is what gives the car the greatest improvement in lap time. What is more important is the spoilers snapping into their lowest-drag setting when the Performante is aimed forward, which results in the removal of acceleration impediment that big aero causes. The Huracan Performante's lap time was beaten by the Porsche 911 GT2 RS which set a lap time of 6:47.3 in September 2017.

Huracán LP 640-4 Performante Spyder (2018–2019).

The Lamborghini Huracán Performante Spyder was unveiled at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show. It takes much of the styling inspiration from the coupé and the outgoing LP 610-4 Spyder. The Spyder is identical to the coupé from performance and technological standpoint, but the acceleration time from has risen by one-tenth of a second and stands at 3.1 seconds while the has risen by four-tenths of a second and stands at 9.3 seconds. Due to the loss of the roof, the Spyder weighs more than the coupé due to chassis reinforcing components. Top speed remains the same as well and stands at. Deliveries of the Spyder began in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Facelift (2019).

Huracán Evo (2019–present).

The Huracán received a mid-cycle update in 2019, now being called the Huracán Evo. It now shares its engine and some of the technology with the Performante variant.  The updated version of the Huracán has a more aggressive design language, the new front bumper has integrated aeroblades for improved downforce along with the rear styling inspired by the Performante variant, having the same rear diffuser, exhaust pipe position and radiators. A new ducktail spoiler improves downforce by 5 times as compared to the outgoing model.  The engine is shared with the Performante and generates at 8,000 rpm and of torque at 6,500 rpm. The exhaust system is more refined and has titanium intake valves. This allows the car to achieve a acceleration time of 2.9 seconds, acceleration time of 9 seconds and a top speed of. The car has a braking distance from of.  The Huracán Evo has a rear-wheel steering system for improved handling and a torque vectoring system. A new central processing unit controls the various functions of the car and monitors various settings. The control system is controlled by the new infotainment system (via an 8.4 inch touchscreen) dubbed the "Lamborghini Dinamica Veicolo Integrata" which has integrated both Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. The infotainment system predicts the driving modes by a "feed forward logic".  The feed forward logic works by sensors monitoring the lateral, longitudinal and vertical accelerations, as well as roll, pitch and yaw rate to predict the best possible driving mode for the driver. The magnetorheological suspension is also revised and now uses electromagnetic current to adjust the suspension system in accordance with the driving mode.  The transmission system from the outgoing model is retained which transfers power to all four wheels. A new "Ego" mode allows the driver to change driving settings to their own preference.

Huracán Evo Spyder (2019–present).

The Huracán Evo Spyder was introduced online in February 2019. The Spyder has the same enhancements as the coupé but is heavier due to the addition of chassis reinforcement components owing to the loss of the roof. The car has the same canvas folding soft top as the outgoing model which takes 17 seconds for operation and is operable at speeds up to. The Spyder can accelerate to in 3.1 seconds from a standstill, to in 9.3 seconds and can attain a top speed of.

Huracán Evo RWD (2020–present).

A rear-wheel drive variant of the Evo debuted in January 2020, replacing the LP580-2. The front splitter has been reshaped and generates more airflow, which is directed to the revised diffuser. Unique to the RWD model is P-TCS (Performance Traction Control System) that ensures that torque is not cut off abruptly; Lamborghini claims this increases oversteer by 30 percent compared to the LP580-2. The engine is detuned and is now rated at. Due to the detuned engine, the car is slower than the standard Huracán Evo accelerating to in 3.3 seconds while having the same top speed. The car also receives a unique paint option, Giallo Belenus, along with a matching interior upholstered in leather and microsuede.

Huracán Evo RWD Spyder (2020–present).

A convertible version of the rear-wheel drive variant of the Evo was showcased in May 2020, replacing the LP580-2 Spyder. Like the Coupe variant, the convertible has a power output of. The convertible has a acceleration time of 3.5 seconds and has a claimed top speed of.

Special editions.

Huracán Evo GT Celebration.

The Huracán Evo GT is a limited edition model with a limited production of 36 units. It pays tribute to the victories of 2018 and 2019 at the 24 Hours of Daytona and the 12 Hours of Sebring. The number 36 is the sum time of the two famous endurance races, also known as the “36 Hours of Florida”. It was unveiled with another special edition, the Lamborghini Aventador SVJ 63 Roadster, at Monterey Car Week in California in August 2019. Visually, the car has a unique green livery with orange accents commemorating the motorsport achievements of the brand. The car shares its engine with the Huracán GT3 race car and is limited to North American market only.

Concept cars.

Huracán Sterrato.

In June 2019, Lamborghini introduced an off-road concept sports car based on the Huracán Evo called the Huracán Sterrato. The ground clearance of the car was increased by with the car's front approach improved by 1% and the departure angle enhanced by 6.5%. The wheel track is also increased by and the Sterrato has new wide body fender flares with integrated air-intakes for improved airflow for the brakes. The car is fitted with 20-inch wheels with special tyres for increased grip during off-roading. The car also comes with a reinforced frame and integrated skidpads for protection against debris. Fog lights fitted at the front and a roof rack complete the aggressive exterior appearance.  The engine is shared with the Huracán Evo and has the same output as the Evo. The LDVI (Lamborghini Dinamica Veicolo Integrata) system is modified and now comes with predictive logic, conceived as a sophisticated central processing unit that controls every aspect of the car's behavior, perfectly integrating dynamic systems to anticipate driver actions and needs, translating them into a perfect driving dynamics.

Production.

The Huracán's chassis is assembled by Lamborghini's parent company Audi in Neckarsulm, Germany. It is transported to the Lamborghini headquarters in Sant'Agata Bolognese, Italy, where the final assembly occurs.  Within the first month of the Huracán LP 610-4 preview period, 700 orders of the vehicle were obtained. Before the official launch, Lamborghini registered more than 1,000 orders of the Huracán LP 610-4.

Marketing.

The Huracán LP 610-4 Coupé (in Midas yellow body colour) appeared in "Forza Horizon 2" as the "hero car", where the car was featured in the box art cover for both the Xbox One and Xbox 360 editions of the game.  At Penny Arcade Expo 2016, the Blizzard Entertainment game "Overwatch" collaborated with Uber to perform "Uberwatch", which took event goers and VIP's on short rides through the area surrounding the BCEC, in cars themed after as well as driven by stunt performers cosplaying as various characters from the game.  For the 2016 Marvel Studios film Doctor Strange, Lamborghini gave Marvel Studios 6 grey Lamborghini Huracáns, 2 for stunts, 2 for special effects, and 2 "hero ones". The Huracáns were featured in the car crash scene in that movie.  Multiple versions of the Lamborghini Huracán are available from various scale model manufacturers such as AUTOart in 1/18, 1/24 and 1/32 scale.

Other media.

In early 2015, the Huracán appeared on the motoring show Top Gear. It got a neutral review from Richard Hammond who said that it was too tame to be a "proper Lamborghini." However, it got around the Top Gear test track in 1 minute, 15.8 seconds which is faster than any other Lamborghini to go around the track to date, including the Aventador.  The Huracán was named "The Supercar of the Year 2014" by automotive magazine "Top Gear".  In 2017 on The Grand Tour, Richard Hammond praised the Huracán Performante as "Brilliant" due to it now being a proper Lamborghini, The car went on to achieve a lap time of 1 minute, 16.8 seconds around the show's test track, making it the second fastest car at the time. Jeremy Clarkson later named the Performante as his Car of the Year 2018.

Motorsport.

Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo (2014–present).

The Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo is a rear wheel drive racing version of Huracán coupe for the 2015 Lamborghini Blancpain Super Trofeo Series (Europe, Asia and North America).  The vehicle was unveiled at the ACI Vallelunga Circuit.

Huracán GT3 / Huracán GT3 EVO (2015–present).

Introduced in 2015, The Lamborghini Huracán GT3 was developed in collaboration with Dallara. It features the 5.2 L V10 gasoline engine of the standard car and has a weight of. Team Lazarus won the 2016 International GT Open with drivers Thomas Biagi and Fabrizio Crestani. Also, Barwell Motorsport claimed four wins in the 2016 British GT Championship, Grasser Racing Team won a race at the 2016 ADAC GT Masters, and Paul Miller Racing won at the 2016 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.  On 28 January 2018 on the first race of the 2018 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, the 11 Lamborghini Huracán GT3 of GRT Grasser Racing Team finished 1st at the 2018 24 Hours of Daytona in the GTD class. It was the first time that Lamborghini has won a 24-hour race in history. The 48 Huracán of Paul Miller Racing went on to win the drivers, teams, and manufacturers championships for Lamborghini.

The Lamborghini Huracán (Spanish for "hurricane"; ) is a sports car manufactured by Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini replacing the previous V10 offering, the Gallardo. The Huracán made its worldwide debut at the 2014 Geneva Auto Show, and was released in the market in the second quarter of 2014. The LP 610-4 designation comes from the car having a 610 metric horsepower and 4 wheel drive, while LP stands for "Longitudinale Posteriore", which refers to the longitudinal mid-rear engine position.

蓝宝坚尼Huracán LP610-4 是蓝宝坚尼公司生产的超级跑车之一。于2014日内瓦汽车展发布,用来取代蓝宝坚尼最畅销的超级跑车蓝宝坚尼盖拉多。新车将于2014年春季开始发售。