Sri Lanka’s coastal zone is densely populated, especially in the western/southern areas. Amongst other climate change-related issues in coastal areas, drinking water schemes are highly vulnerable to sea-level rise and salinity intrusion. Adaptation in the Urban Planning and Human Settlement Sector: Adaptation measures are organized under four NDCs (Table 5.1.8). They reflect the need for improved planning, integrating disaster risk reduction and future climate threats, enhancing climate resilience in the built environment and minimizing impacts of slow-onset climate change events. Some of these adaptation measures (urban forestry, environmentally friendly transportation and green buildings) will have certain climate mitigation benefits which are not accounted for in the targets set in Chapter 4.