This was made possible by a large volume of investments promoted by public policies. For example, in the energy sector, the matrix transformation was possible through a public-private investment accumulated for several years, which reached, on average, 3% of the GDP per year. The State also contributed to reducing the emissions of the economy by granting tax benefits to investments in low-carbon production capacities, like afforestation. In this sector, half the plantation costs were subsidized for almost 15 years. Additionally, renewable energy projects were supported under the investment promotion system. In addition, in the cattle raising sector, dairy farming and rice production, public policies fostered large investments and technological changes.