### Document

#### Overview
The study of prehistoric people and their activities within a country involves examining archaeological findings, analyzing ancient artifacts, and interpreting evidence left behind by ancient civilizations. Major questions often focus on the timeline, lifestyle, and capabilities of these earliest inhabitants. In the case at hand, the two primary unanswered questions revolve around the earliest human settlers' migration paths and timelines, as well as the capabilities and cultural expressions of Neolithic populations, particularly reflected in petroglyphs found at Ulsan Bangu-dae in South Korea.

### Answer A: Migration Routes and Timelines of the Earliest Settlers

#### Historical Context
Traditionally, it has been believed that the first inhabitants of North America crossed over to the continent from northeast Asia via a land bridge known as Beringia. This land bridge is thought to have existed during the Last Glacial Maximum when sea levels were significantly lower, allowing for migration across what is now the Bering Strait. This theory supports the idea that these migrations occurred around 13,000 years ago.

#### Recent Developments
However, recent archaeological discoveries and advancements in genetic testing have cast doubt on the traditional timeline. Some evidence suggests that human presence in parts of North America may have been established well before this period. For instance, sites such as Bluefish Caves in Canada have yielded artifacts dated to be over 24,000 years old. These findings suggest a possible earlier migration or even multiple waves of migration, utilizing different routes than previously considered.

#### Ongoing Investigations
Scientists continue to explore these questions using a variety of methods. Genetic studies are particularly useful in tracing back the lineage and origins of these early settlers. Additionally, new archaeological sites are continuously being discovered that may provide further insight. The exact timing, routes, and the nature of these migrations remain a hotly debated topic within the academic community.

### Answer B: Neolithic Petroglyphs at Ulsan Bangu-dae

#### Description of the Petroglyphs
Located in Ulsan, South Korea, the Bangu-dae petroglyphs are a significant archaeological site that dates back to the Neolithic period. These rock carvings depict various scenes that include animals, humans, and particularly, whales. The petroglyphs are intriguing due to their detailed representation of whale hunting scenes, which raises questions about the human interaction with these marine giants during the Neolithic era.

#### Cultural and Environmental Context
The petroglyphs are situated about 26 kilometers from what was historically a popular whaling area off the coast of the Korean Peninsula. This has led researchers to speculate about the relationship between the creators of the petroglyphs and their environment. The key question is whether these depictions were simply artistic representations or evidence of actual whaling activities undertaken by Neolithic peoples.

#### Technological Capabilities
One of the major mysteries is whether Neolithic humans possessed the necessary tools and techniques to hunt whales, which are the largest animals on the planet. Whaling typically requires specific tools and skills to hunt, process, and transport such large creatures. The investigation into the practical aspects of such an activity during the Neolithic period involves examining available tools and artifacts to reconstruct possible methods of whaling.

#### Implications of the Findings
Understanding whether Neolithic populations engaged in whaling activities can significantly impact our knowledge of their societal structure, maritime skills, and ecological impacts. Researchers use a combination of archaeological evidence, ethnographic parallels, and experimental archaeology to explore these aspects.

### Conclusion
Both the examination of early migration into North America and the capabilities of Neolithic populations in South Korea represent critical areas of study in understanding human prehistory. These investigations not only help in piecing together human history but also shed light on the interactions between ancient peoples and their environments. As new technologies and methodologies develop, it is likely that many of these mysteries will become clearer, offering new insights into our shared human past.