Occupy Democrats is an American left-wing[8] media outlet built around a Facebook page and corresponding website. Established in 2012, it publishes false information,[14] hyperpartisan content,[20] and clickbait.[23] Posts originating from the Occupy Democrats Facebook page are among the most widely shared political content on Facebook.[24] Occupy Democrats was established as a Facebook page in 2012 by Rafael and Omar Rivero.[25] A corresponding website was later created.[26] Its stated objective is to provide a "counterbalance to the Republican Tea Party".[27][28] In September 2022, Occupy Democrats was accused of having raised almost $800,000 for its election fund and donating none of the money to federal candidates, and of donating $250,000 from the fund to Blue Deal LLC, a company owned by Rafael Rivero.[29][a] In response to the accusations, Omar Rivero claimed that the fund operated as a super PAC and was barred from donating directly to candidates, and that none of the money given to Blue Deal LLC had gone to him or Rafael. Axios journalist Lachlan Markay said that the election fund was actually a hybrid PAC and thus could donate to political candidates.[29] In a 2017 feature on partisan news, BuzzFeed News analyzed weekly Facebook engagements "since the beginning of 2015 and found that Occupy Democrats on the left and Fox News on the right are the top pages in each political category". The article added that the pages "consistently generate more total engagement than the pages of major media outlets".[24] Occupy Democrats was named the "Most Influential Progressive Facebook Page" by CrowdTangle in 2015[30] and by 2017 surpassed 7 million followers.[31] In 2017, Occupy Democrats was among the 30 most frequently shared sources on Facebook.[6] In May 2020, almost half of the 40 top-performing videos that mentioned "Trump" on Facebook originated from Occupy Democrats.[26] As of October 2022, Occupy Democrats had 10 million followers on Facebook and over 498,000 followers on Twitter.[1] In a paper presented at the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Argha Ray and Joey George concluded that disinformation propagated by Occupy Democrats "has the potential to further deepen the cracks in an already divided society".[32] Occupy Democrats was credited with building support for the candidacy of Bernie Sanders (pictured) in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, though it later shifted its support to Hillary Clinton. The organization received wide attention during the 2016 presidential primaries of the Democratic Party, and was credited for having helped build support for Bernie Sanders' candidacy.[33] The site shifted its support to Hillary Clinton, following her nomination as Democratic Party presidential candidate.[34] According to Rafael Rivero, he was "plugged in" with the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign and the campaign worked directly with the outlet to disseminate political messaging.[34][35][36] In October 2020, Occupy Democrats experienced a significant drop in its reach on Facebook, which Rivero attributed to action taken by Facebook to throttle traffic, a claim Facebook denied.[37] During the presidency of Joe Biden, White House Chief of Staff Ron Klain gave his first interview following the 2022 State of the Union Address on a Twitter Spaces live chat hosted by Occupy Democrats.[38] Students at Loyola Marymount University debate the reliability of websites like Occupy Democrats and The Blaze during an instructional event in 2017. Occupy Democrats posts memes and content primarily about United States politics. Its content is hyperpartisan,[20] left-oriented[8] and built around clickbait[23] and hyperbole.[9] Comments to posts shared on Occupy Democrats tend to be hallmarked by "greater anger and incivility" than those of mainstream media Facebook pages and groups.[39] In 2017, the Asan Institute for Policy Studies said that Occupy Democrats "share[s] both real and fake news ... further blurring the line between fact and fiction".[10] Some scientific studies have identified Occupy Democrats as a fake news website.[40][41][42][43] According to the University of Iowa library, Occupy Democrats "has been known to show misleading, fake, or exaggerated partisan content".[11] The Valencia College library includes Occupy Democrats on a list of sources that "cannot usually be accepted at face value and need further verification from other sources to determine if information is credible".[44] In a 2017 poster session developed by the library staff of the University of California at Merced, Occupy Democrats was rated "questionable" for its factual reporting and was noted for "not having a very good fact check record".[45] Occupy Democrats has repeatedly been caught by fact-checking websites for posting "exaggerated or invented news stories". Brooke Binkowski, a managing editor at Snopes, commented that Occupy Democrats' headlines were often "extremely misleading".[46] According to The Atlantic, Occupy Democrats' posts are "studded with straightforwardly fake news".[9] The Los Angeles Weekly reports that its posts are "free from the constraints of objectivity and, in some cases, facts".[5] A 2016 BuzzFeed News analysis found it was "the least accurate left-wing page" of several Facebook pages it reviewed and cited one instance where it published a satirical story as fact.[47] In the run-up to the 2020 U.S. presidential election, The New York Times reported that Occupy Democrats "twisted facts to push a critical narrative about Republicans".[48] In 2017, PolitiFact included Occupy Democrats in its list of fake news websites. However, PolitiFact later removed Occupy Democrats from its list of fake news sites and, according to the Miami New Times, "admitted Occupy Democrats should never have been on the list in the first place".[49] As of December 2020, PolitiFact classified 62% of 16 posts shared by Occupy Democrats it had evaluated as "not accurate".[50] A further 31% it considered "half-true".[50] In 2021, a post shared by Occupy Democrats claimed Nikki Haley had changed her first name to sound more "white" in order to further her political career.[51] A fact check column by USA Today reported that Nikki was her legal middle name, she had used it as a given name since childhood, and that it was of ethnic Punjabi origin.[51] The same year, Snopes rated "False" a claim by Occupy Democrats that "Republican Congress members had abjectly failed to applaud Biden’s stated goal of drastically reducing the rate of child poverty in the United States" during that year's State of the Union address.[52] In April 2022, Occupy Democrats claimed that U.S. Senate candidate Josh Mandel had posted to social media a manipulated photo of himself showing his head on the body of a Black woman.[53] The Mandel campaign claimed the assertion was "totally false," independent experts were unable to find signs of manipulation in the image, and PolitiFact rated the claim as "unproven" and "false".[53] In July 2022, Occupy Democrats posted a photo of Ginni Thomas holding a bottle of wine along with a false caption that the photo was a recent one and showed her celebrating the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, though the photo actually predated the decision by several years.[54] The following month, the Associated Press reported that Occupy Democrats "misinterpreted the content of ... [a] Pentagon [press] release" to incorrectly claim that United States President Joe Biden would "not recognize any anti-abortion laws enacted by states" in relation to U.S. Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.[55] In March 2023, Occupy Democrats posted content to its social media channels that claimed "156 congressional Republicans … just voted to RAISE the retirement age to 70  [sic]"; Occupy Democrats' source for the information was a social media post by Twitter user "trom771".[56] FactCheck.org marked the claim as false, while USA Today reported it "found no credible news reports of any such vote taken by Republican congressional members".[56][57] Later that year, Occupy Democrats shared social media content that, according to USA Today, falsely claimed Donald Trump increased that United States debt more than any president in history.[58] Occupy Democrats also shared social media content that, according to FactCheck.org, misleadingly claimed "that guns were not allowed at the NRA convention and an upcoming GOP event in Utah".[59] In a 2017 survey among US readers, Occupy Democrats was voted the "least trusted news source" among American readers, just below Breitbart News and BuzzFeed.[60] In September 2018, the English Wikipedia deprecated Occupy Democrats as a source due to its unreliability.[61][62] In an October 2018 Simmons Research survey of 38 news organizations, Occupy Democrats was ranked the third least-trusted news organization by Americans, underneath Breitbart News, the Daily Kos and the Palmer Report, with InfoWars and The Daily Caller being lower-ranked.[63] ^ Originally named Blue Deal, LLC., the Occupy Democrats' company changed its name to Blue Digital Strategies after receiving a cease-and-desist notification from the women-owned business The Blue Deal.[29] ^ a b Perano, Ursula (October 19, 2022). "Left's 'Free of Hate' Platform Full of Bigoted, Sexist Posts". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on May 13, 2023. Retrieved October 22, 2022. ^ Kilander, Gustaf (August 5, 2021). "'Occupy' leader claims police 'dragged' him out of Kevin McCarthy presser for asking about Capitol riot commission". The Independent. Archived from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved March 31, 2023. ^ Menn, Joseph (November 5, 2018). "Russia seen adopting new tactics in U.S. election interference efforts". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2020. ^ "Bias, Fake News, Hoaxes, & Lies". redwoods.libguides.com. College of the Redwoods. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2020. ^ a b c d Shammas, Brittany (September 26, 2017). "Behind the Scenes at Occupy Democrats". Los Angeles Weekly. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2020. The company is an undisputed leader in a new industry of "hyper-partisan" sites that churn out aggregated, unabashedly partisan news. The sites live and die on Facebook; free from the constraints of objectivity and, in some cases, facts, they're able to play to their audiences' emotions. ^ a b c Benkler, Yochai (2018). Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0190923624. ^ a b Dwoskin, Elizabeth (September 4, 2021). "Misinformation on Facebook got six times more clicks than factual news during the 2020 election, study says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2022. The team then took 2,551 of these pages and compared the interactions on posts on pages by publishers known for misinformation, such as the left-leaning Occupy Democrats... ^ a b c d Coppins, McKay (July 2, 2017). "How the Left Lost Its Mind". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2020. The content plastered across these pages includes standard-issue clickbait ("Trump Just Did Something Awful At His Golf Course") and hyperbolic headlines ("Queen Elizabeth Just Told Trump To Go F*ck Himself And It Is Perfect"). But these feeds are also studded with straightforwardly fake news. ^ a b c Forney, Ben (September 25, 2017). "All the Fake News That's Fit to Print". Asan Institute for Policy Studies. Archived from the original on August 17, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2021. Today, partisan Facebook groups such as Occupy Democrats continue to share both real and fake news to their millions of followers, further blurring the line between fact and fiction. ^ a b "Library Sources, Credibility & Finding the Good Stuff: Evaluation and Credibility". uiowa.edu. University of Iowa. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021. This comes from Occupy Democrats, which has been known to show misleading, fake, or exaggerated partisan content favoring Democrats. ^ a b "Breitbart, Occupy Democrats among list of alleged fake, misleading news sites to avoid". KING-TV. November 17, 2016. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2020. ^ a b Rae, Maria (March 5, 2020). "Hyperpartisan news: Rethinking the media for populist politics". New Media and Society. 23 (5): 1117–1132. doi:10.1177/1461444820910416. S2CID 216172926. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2021. Occupy Democrats are likewise focused on attacking Trump ... through their clickbait style of reporting, which has been criticised as 'fake news'. ^ Barfar, Arash (December 1, 2019). "Cognitive and affective responses to political disinformation in Facebook". Computers in Human Behavior. 101: 175. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.026. ISSN 0747-5632. S2CID 199884854. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021 – via Science Direct. To construct the political disinformation sample, we focused on Facebook posts from ten popular sources that are known for promulgating political disinformation in Facebook...Among the selected hyper-partisan disinformation sources...Addicting Info, AlterNet, Daily KOS, and Occupy Democrats are extreme Liberal. ^ Marwick, Alice E. (March 22, 2018). "Why do People Share Fake News? A Sociotechnical Model of Media Effects". The Georgetown Law Technology Review. 2 (2). Georgetown University Law Center: 474–513. Archived from the original on August 17, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2021 – via Gale OneFile. The term "fake news"...expanded to include hyper-partisan news sites like Breitbart, DailyCaller, and Occupy Democrats... ^ LaFrance, Adrienne (December 15, 2020). "Facebook Is a Doomsday Machine". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on July 5, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021. Zuckerberg authorized a tweak to the Facebook algorithm so that high-accuracy news sources such as NPR would receive preferential visibility in people's feeds, and hyper-partisan pages such as Breitbart News's and Occupy Democrats' would be buried... ^ Sturm Wilkerson, Heloisa; Riedl, Martin J.; Whipple, Kelsey N. (April 14, 2021). "Affective Affordances: Exploring Facebook Reactions as Emotional Responses to Hyperpartisan Political News". Digital Journalism. 9 (8): 1040–1061. doi:10.1080/21670811.2021.1899011. ISSN 2167-0811. S2CID 234853464. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021. In this study, we focus our attention on hyperpartisan news content from the left (e.g. NowThis, Upworthy, The Young Turks, Occupy Democrats)... ^ Faris, Robert M.; Roberts, Hal; Etling, Bruce; Bourassa, Nikki; Zuckerman, Ethan; Benkler, Yochai (2017). "Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election". 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