## ExxonMobil Corporation

ExxonMobil Corporation, often simply known as ExxonMobil, is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas. It is the largest direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil, and it was formed on November 30, 1999, by the merger of Exxon (formerly the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey) and Mobil (formerly the Standard Oil Company of New York).

### Overview

As of 2020, ExxonMobil holds the distinction of being the largest energy company by revenue in the United States. It operates in all facets of the oil and gas industry, including exploration, production, refining, transportation, and marketing. Besides oil and gas, ExxonMobil is also engaged in the chemical manufacturing segment, producing olefins, aromatics, polyethylene, and polypropylene plastics.

### History

The roots of ExxonMobil trace back to 1870 with the founding of Standard Oil by John D. Rockefeller and his associates. Standard Oil grew to dominate the oil industry in the United States but was eventually broken up by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1911 into 34 separate entities, two of which were Jersey Standard ("Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey") and Socony ("Standard Oil Co. of New York"). These companies experienced numerous rebrandings and mergers, ultimately becoming Exxon and Mobil respectively, which then merged in 1999.

### Financial Performance

In 2020, despite various global economic challenges including fluctuating oil prices and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, ExxonMobil reported a revenue stream that positioned it as the leading energy company in the United States. This reflected its extensive asset base and diversified product portfolio in various sectors of the energy industry. This performance strategically established ExxonMobil at the top of the energy sector in the equity market, underscored by its substantial revenues compared to its industry peers.

### Business Segments

1. **Upstream**: The upstream segment is responsible for oil and natural gas exploration, field development, and production. ExxonMobil's extensive exploration and production operations span multiple continents and are crucial to its global strategy.

2. **Downstream**: This segment includes refining of crude oil into petroleum products and transporting and selling them. With a vast network of pipelines and service stations, ExxonMobil’s downstream operations serve as a critical link in global energy supply chains.

3. **Chemical**: ExxonMobil Chemical is one of the world’s leading chemical manufacturers, developing and delivering polymers, resins, and other high-performance products that are essential to manufacturing processes worldwide.

### Global Presence

ExxonMobil's operations span across the globe, with significant investments in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Its global brand is synonymous with energy innovation and leadership in addressing complex challenges associated with meeting the world's energy demands.

### Environmental and Social Initiatives

ExxonMobil has faced substantial public, legal, and governmental scrutiny over its environmental record and impact on climate change. In response, it has undertaken numerous initiatives aimed at reducing its carbon footprint and investing in renewable energy technologies. The company’s corporate citizenship initiatives also include community engagement and philanthropic efforts, aiming to improve educational, environmental, and health standards in communities where it operates.

### Conclusion

As of 2020, as the largest energy company by revenue in the US equity market, ExxonMobil remains a pivotal player in the global energy sector. Its scale and the breadth of its operations have allowed it to maintain a dominant position despite the periodic fluctuations and challenges that characterize global energy markets. The company's continued focus on technological advancements and strategic global investments has poised it for future endeavors in a rapidly evolving energy landscape.