Some contemporary scholars advocate granting transnational business enterprises neo-feudal or corporative rights.1 Some international treaties – in particular bilateral and multilateral trade and investment agreements – give transnational enterprises specific rights that can be enforced in either the host country’s courts or in international arbitration tribunals.2 For example, the Chapter 11 provisions under the North American Free Trade Agreement allow investors to bring claims directly against participating States for presumed violations of the investment provisions in the treaty. Similarly, many bilateral investment treaties include mechanisms that allow companies to bring cases against signatory States in arbitration tribunals, such as the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, on expropriations, losses incurred due to civil disturbances, and restrictions on the repatriation of capital and other matters.3 The implications of these clauses are profound.
Algunos académicos contemporáneos abogan por conceder a las empresas transnacionales derechos neo-feudales o corporativos1. Varios tratados internacionales – especialmente, los acuerdos bilaterales y multilaterales sobre comercio e inversiones – otorgan a las empresas transnacionales derechos específicos que pueden exigirse ante los tribunales del país anfitrión o en tribunales internacionales de arbitraje2. Por ejemplo, las disposiciones del Capítulo 11 del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte permiten que los inversores presenten reclamos directamente contra los Estados participantes por supuestas violaciones de los requisitos de inversión del tratado.