Smart specialisation strategies shall include: (a) "Upstream actions" to prepare regional R&I players to participate in Horizon 2020 ("stairways to excellence") to be developed, where necessary, through capacity- building.
"Gníomhaíochtaí réamhtheachtacha" chun gníomhaithe T&N a ullmhú chun bheith rannpháirteach in Fís 2020 ("staighrí chun barr feabhais"), a ndéanfar iad a fhorbairt, i gcás inarb iomchuí, trí fhorbairt cumais.