In its judgment of 9 October 2001 in case C-377/98 Netherlands v European Parliament and Council [2001] ECR 7079, at grounds 70, 78 to 80, the Court of Justice confirmed that a fundamental right to human integrity is part of Union law and encompasses, in the context of medicine and biology, the free and informed consent of the donor and recipient.
70, 78 - 80, dhaingnigh an Chúirt Bhreithiúnais gur cuid de dhlí an Aontais ceart bunúsach an duine chun a iomláine agus go gcuimsíonn sé, i gcomhthéacs na míochaine agus na bitheolaíochta, saorthoiliú feasach an deontóra agus an fhaighteora.