The very limited exceptions in those Conventions permitting the Member States to derogate from the &#x2018; non bis in idem &#x2019; rule are covered by the horizontal clause in Article 52(1) of the Charter(
finnéithe ina choinne a cheistiú nó a chur dá gceistiú agus finnéithe thar a cheann a thabhairt i láthair agus a cheistiú de réir na gcoinníollacha céanna a bhainfeas le finnéithe ina choinne;