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  德國小蠊很容易在建築物裡紮根,但在電器如微波爐,咖啡機,餐館、食品加工業設施、酒店及安老院等機構設施裡尤為常見。牠們會在裡面建造巢穴,具群居性,且繁殖速度快,每個卵囊可孵出多隻若蟲,這些若蟲由出生至交配期的所需時間短暫,因此人們難以將之徹底驅除。不過在寒冷氣候環境,牠們只會在人類聚居處出現,因為嚴寒的環境令牠們難以存活,在室外牠們很快就會死去。儘管如此,德國小蠊目前已知會出現的最北處位於加拿大努納武特地區的阿勒特;而最南的地區在阿根廷巴塔哥尼亞的南部。  本物種最初被認為是歐洲的原生種,後來認為很可能是從非洲東北部的衣索比亞首度出現,再擴散至其他地區,不過最新的證據顯示德國小蠊其實是起源於東南亞。但不管這物種起源於什麼地方,德國小蠊對寒冷氣候的敏感,反映出這個物種應該起源於較溫暖的氣候環境,然後在古代時由於透過遷進人類的居所成為家居有害生物,繼而隨同人類遷移和運輸而擴散至其他地區。該物種現在分佈於全世界,在除南極洲之外的所有大陸上以及在許多主要島嶼以家居有害生物的形式存活。因此,牠們在不同地區文化中被賦予各種名稱。例如,雖然牠們在英語國家被廣泛稱為「德國蟑螂」,但在德國卻被稱為「俄羅斯蟑螂」。  作為一種夜行性物種,德國小蠊偶爾會在白天出現,特別是當其數量過於擁擠,又或受到干擾。然而,這些時刻通常都在傍晚出現,特別是當有人突然在一間昏暗的廢棄房間時亮燈,例如當牠們剛巧在清理廚房的廚餘時最為常見。當被刺激或受到驚嚇時,該物種會散發出令人不快的氣味。

  德國蟑螂為一種雜食性食腐昆蟲,尤其喜歡吃肉類、澱粉、糖類食物及各種油脂。當食物短缺時,牠們會連肥皂、膠水、牙膏,甚或連潤滑油也會吃。當真正饑荒時,還會同類相食,咬吃其他同類的翅膀和腿。 行動方面,這種蟑螂多數會於夜間活動,但在日間如果受到干擾或聯群結隊的情況下也會出現。

  另外雌性的德國小蠊在產卵期間不會即時把卵囊排出,而是留在體內孵化一段時間,使人們不會發現牠們的卵囊,而將之清除。此外牠們的身型也比其他品種的小,可躲在狹窄的縫隙中,從而避過人們的攻擊。除人們家中飼養的寵物外,這種蟑螂在人類居住地方,其自然天敵非常少。  德國小蠊的繁殖速度比任何其他住宅蟑螂都要快,大概50-60日內由卵發育成長為成蟲。 人工養殖只需要2個月即可繁殖一個世代,成蟲壽命約為200天。 受精後,一隻雌性德國小蠊在腹部發育出一個卵囊. 隨著受精卵的發育,腹部膨脹,直到卵塊的半透明尖端開始從腹部末端突出,這時候,受精卵發育完全,有1/4英寸長、16節片. 最初半透明的卵塊很快變白,然後在幾個小時內變成粉紅色,逐漸變暗,直到48小時後,它的殼變成深紅棕色,接近於栗色。卵囊末部有一龍骨狀的脊,並在受精卵成熟之際輕微向邊際彎曲。少數受精卵可能會在卵囊尚附在母體時便孵出,但其餘大多數都會於卵囊脫離母體24小時後才孵出。新生的小蠊大概長3mm,經過6-7中間形態成長後便達至性成熟狀態。在那些中間形態中,基於不同的自然因素,脫皮 災難性地奪走了接近一半小蠊的性命。脫下的皮和小蠊的屍體隨即會被其他在場的小蠊吃掉。

  德國姬蠊很成功地在樓宇間建立自己的生態位,並彈性地面對不同的病蟲害防治 。 原因包括: 德國姬蠊乃趨性, 即是它們偏好於受限而非開放的環境。對比其他昆蟲,它們擁有較細小的體型,能夠躲在不顯眼的細小空隙,以避開人類的殺滅。Conversely, the seasoned pest controller is alert for cracks and crevices where it is likely to be profitable to place baits or spray surfaces.  To be effective, control measures must be comprehensive, sustained, and systematic; survival of just a few eggs is quite enough to regenerate a nearly exterminated pest population within a few generations, and recolonisation from surrounding populations often is very rapid, too.  Another problem in controlling German cockroaches is the nature of their population behaviour. Though they are not social and practise no organised maternal care, females carry oothecae of 18-50 eggs (average about 32) during incubation until just before hatching, instead of dropping them as most other species of cockroaches do. This protects the eggs from certain classes of predation. Then, after hatching, nymphs largely survive by consuming excretions and moults from adults, thereby establishing their own internal microbial populations and avoiding contact with most insecticidal surface treatments and baits. One effective control is insect growth regulators (hydroprene, methoprene, etc.), which act by preventing molting, thus prevent maturation of the various instars. Caulking baseboards and around pipes may prevent the travel of adults from one apartment to another within a building. As an 適應 consequence of pest control by poisoned sugar baits, a strain of German cockroaches has emerged that reacts to glucose as distastefully bitter. They refuse to eat sweetened baits, which presents an obstacle to their control, given that baits are an economical and effective means of control. It also is a dramatic illustration of adaptive selection; in the absence of poisoned sweet baits, attraction to sugars strongly promotes growth, energy, and reproduction; cockroaches that are not attracted to sugars take longer to grow and reproduce, whereas in the presence of poisoned sugared baits, sugar avoidance promotes reproduction.

  The genome of the German cockroach was published in February 2018 in "". The relatively large genome (2.0 Gb) harbours a very high number of proteins, of which most notably one group of, called the, is particularly numerous. These chemoreceptors possibly allow the German cockroach to detect a broad range of chemical cues from toxins, food, pathogens, and pheromones.

  18. John Allen First Response Pest Control
德國姬蠊(學名:),亦作德國小蠊,俗稱德國蟑螂,是蟑螂的一種,身長多為1.0到1.6釐米,比美洲家蠊小。顏色有淺棕色至深棕色,而且在其前胸有兩條由頭部至翅膀末端的直紋。飛行距離不長,只在被驚擾時才會飛行。