Descriptive statistics were calculated as the mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics evaluated the changes in constipation symptoms, QoL questionnaires, and BMI using unpaired t-test between the 2 groups, while paired t-test was used to measure the changes within a group. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between BMI and PAC-SYM scores, and between BMI and QoL. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA), with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.