Study Location: The study will be conducted in 2 districts in the state of Karnataka - Mysore and Gulbarga. The study locations were determined based on the following criteria. First, because the treatment group is to receive an RSBY insurance plan, the investigators selected districts in which the RSBY scheme has already been rolled out. This ensures there is a local insurance company able to provide RSBY coverage and hospitals with the infrastructure required to process payment from RSBY insurance cards. Second, because limited hospital supply can undermine the value of insurance, the investigators selected districts with substantial peri-urban regions. Peri-urban areas are sufficiently developed that they have adequate numbers of secondary and tertiary hospitals and a transportation network to enable access by patients. The study will take place exclusively in peri-urban regions of each district. Third, because study participants are drawn from the middle and upper tercile of the asset distribution, the investigators selected districts in which no more than 50% of the population (26% in Mysore, 48% in Gulbarga) is on the state's BPL or National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) list, which comprises primarily individuals from the bottom tercile of the nation's income distribution. Avoiding the poorest districts ensures a reasonable yield of eligible households per district. Finally, the investigators selected a state in which the local government offered substantial cooperation with their study. The Minister of Labor and the chief executive officer of the local RSBY program in Karnataka are enthusiastic about the study. Their hope is to learn about what works in RSBY and what does not so that they can improve the program going forward.