The limbus located between the cornea and the conjunctiva tissue, approximately 1.5 mm wide in adult human eyes, is important for not only providing a barrier frontier to prevent conjunctival tissue invasion into the cornea, containing nerves passing to the cornea, having blood and lymph vasculature for oxygen and nutrient delivery, but also the niche environment of limbal stem cells. The human limbus contains radially oriented fibrovascular rides named palisades of Vogt (POV), a unique tissue first noted in 1866 and were further described in detail in 1921. The POV has unique structure, configuration and dimension which was commonly found in all types of epithelial stem cell niche all over the body, which include the complicated niche area providing a safe place to protect the stem cells from damage or injury. During the past few years, progress in stem cell research and cell therapy has focused attention on the POV as the location of the stem cells that keep the corneal epithelial homeostasis and clarity. The POV also provide the niche environment for limbal stem cells. The niche cells surrounding the limbal stem cells, the stromal environment underneath the limbal epithelial cells, the blood vessels and nerve innervation around the limbal epithelium all help create the unique niche environment for limabl stem cells. Understanding the limbal structure, especially the POV, is necessary for the treatment of limbal damage and the development of stem cell therapies targeted at restoring impaired function of limbal stem cells.