Method: Four hundred subjects with new hip fracture or newly identified vertebral fracture are randomly assigned into FLS and usual care (UC). FLS subjects received osteoporosis-related assessments, treatments, consultations on diet, medications, exercise, fall preventions given mainly by care managers with followed up telephone call at 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 months then annually for up to 10 years. Physicians manage UC subjects at their own plans without pre-specified protocols as FLS subjects. Care managers will perform baseline assessments and follow them by telephone annually for up to 10 years. Major outcomes include bone mineral density assessment rate, calcium, vitamin D, and osteoporosis medication initiation and adherence rate, fall and fracture incidences, mortality, and healthcare resource utilizations.