Rivaroxaban is a newly approved, Factor Xa inhibitor, oral medication prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism among patients with atrial fibrillation. Rivaroxaban is a once daily medication that is recommended to be taken during an evening meal to reduce the potential risk of decreased efficacy of therapy. In a randomized, double-blind study comparing warfarin to Rivaroxaban, Rivaroxaban was found non-inferior to warfarin for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, and the risk of major and critically relevant non-major bleeding were similar between the two anticoagulants. In addition, patients taking Rivaroxaban will not be followed in anti-coagulation clinics because there is no lab value to monitor, and therefore, they will no longer benefit from the adherence support provided by these clinics. Non-adherence to chronic cardiovascular medications is common and non-adherence to Rivaroxaban may potentially limit its effectiveness in routine clinical use.