1. Purpose While Zambia has made progress towards reducing under-nutrition among children, as measured by underweight, other indicators of nutritional status, particularly stunting and anaemia have remained unchanged over the past decades. Repeated national surveys show that anaemia remains of public health significance among Zambian children. According to WHO classification, a prevalence of anaemia above 40% is categorized as a severe public health problem. There has been no significant reduction in anaemia among children 6-59 months over the past two decades with an estimated prevalence of 60% in 1998, 53% in 20032 and 49% in 20093. Further, younger infants were found to be more affected than older children with an estimated prevalence of 81% in children 6-18 months in 1992 and 61% in children 6-24 months in 2009. In developing countries approximately 50% of all anaemia is attributed to iron deficiency. It is further estimated that the frequency of iron deficiency is about 2.5 times that of anaemia, and when anaemia prevalence exceeds 40%, it is assumed that the entire population is suffering from some degree of iron deficiency. It is therefore assumed that this is the case with young children in Zambia. It is well established that iron deficiency has adverse health consequences even before anaemia develops. These include cognitive impairment, decreased physical capacity and reduced immunity.