Could carnosine be that alternative? The evidence suggests carnosine has significant metabolic impact and presents such an alternative. A naturally occurring dipeptide, carnosine is already emerging as a human therapy in exercise physiology, heart failure, cataract prevention and treatment, neurology, and psychiatry. A promising further use may derive from its effect on cardiovascular risk factors. Metabolic research, though confined to animal studies, strongly suggests that carnosine supplementation aids the prevention and treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease - by virtue of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-glycating effects. The investigators conducted the first pilot data in human and demonstrate relationships among carnosine, obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Put briefly, the pilot weighs strongly in favour of carnosine as a means of reducing cardiovascular risk in humans.