Second Visit (approximately one week after first visit) Approximately 3 hrs after completion of breakfast, subjects reported to the test site to have blood drawn (to determine baseline plasma LPS), weight measured and to ingest a temperature probe. Participants started the exercise challenge (60 minute run at 80% VO2 max) approximately 4 hrs after completion of breakfast. The exercise challenge was conducted in a climate-controlled room at 22 °C without a fan. Subjects were monitored to ensure they were running at 80% VO2 max and were not allowed to consume water during the challenge. Immediately after the exercise challenge, participants consumed the sugar probes. Weight was measured, blood drawn (post-exercise plasma LPS) and subjects were instructed to collect their urine for the next six hrs. To facilitate re hydration and urine production, subjects were instructed to replace 150% of their fluid losses (pre to post exercise weight) by water intake.