Baseline vascular imaging tests include high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) sequences in intracranial and carotidal arteries, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in coronary, aorta, renal, hepatic, pancreatic and iliofemoral arteries, and fundus fluorescein photography (retinal photography) in retinal vessel. All MRI scans were performed on 3.0 T Philips scanners. CTA scans were performed on third-generation dual-source Siemens system (SOMATOM Force). HR-MRI sequences were performed both at baseline and after 4 years to identify intracranial and carotidal atherosclerotic stenosis and plaque and measure the intracranial and carotidal vessel wall, lumen area, and plaque when present. Additionally, heart function will be tested using color Doppler echocardiography, and ankle-brachial index will be tested using Doppler ultrasound. These imaging techniques enable early detection of intracranial and extracranial vascular lesions, characterization of the atherosclerotic composition and burden, and monitoring of plaque progression in intracranial and carotidal arteries.