The effect of the device on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the injected insulin were tested in Euglycemic clamp and meal tolerance test (MTT) studies. The effect of the device on insulin PK was evaluated by comparing insulin concentration in the meal MTT study with and without operation of the device. The effect of the device on insulin PD was evaluated using Euglycemic clamp protocol with and without operation of the device. The effect of the device on postprandial glucose excursions was tested by comparing the post meal glucose levels with and without operation of the device.