Rivaroxaban (RXA; brand name Xarelto®) is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor that is applied for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after major orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs such as hip and knee replacement surgery. Additionally, RXA is approved by Swissmedic to be used at a therapeutic dose for primary therapy of VTE and for prophylaxis of cerebrovascular events in non-valvular atrial fibrillation.