Note regarding "inability to provide consent": Traditionally, some patients with HIV whom we evaluate for potential participation in research studies are not able to provide informed consent, either due to significant cognitive decline, or their designation of someone else as their legal proxy. When this occurs, we do not offer them study participation because legally, they are unable to consent, even if currently, their cognitive capacities seem intact. We have generally assessed this through a series of branching questions to determine their legal and cognitive capacity for consent.