A prospective, longitudinal survey of infectious complications occurring in patients enrolled in the AML1310 study along the entire antileukemic program, as an ancillary observational study, may be a useful tool to evaluate in real-time the epidemiological patterns of infections, their impact on the OS, on the antileukemic treatment schedule, and on the quality of life. First, it may allow to assess whether the various types of SI, in addition to well known clinical and leukemia-related prognostic variables, are actually independent prognostic factors for the long-term outcome of AML patients. Second, the results of this survey may offer precious indications for the timely update of the prophylaxis , diagnosis and treatment strategies of infections in AML patients undergoing a modern antileukemic program. The advances in the treatment of AML resulting from the AML1310 study may be further enriched by the epidemiological consciousness derived by a parallel survey of the infectious complications.