A product of the project will be a patient safety registry for surgical neonates. The registry will include a sample of approximately 500 neonatal patients receiving first-time non-cardiac surgical intervention at Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt. Neonates who receive NICU care both pre- and post-operatively will be eligible for this study. The registry will include the following data elements: NRE data captured prospectively in the NICU pre-operatively, intraoperatively, and post-operatively, respectively, by trained observers; contributory factors including factors related to patients, clinicians, equipment, logistics, and work environment; and 30-day National Surgical Quality Improvement Project-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) morbidity and mortality outcomes. NRE severity will be categorized and coded as: