Procedures. At enrollment, all 250 participants are given self-help materials and 5-10 min of brief advice offered by the trained research personnel consisting of encouragement to remain quit, and a review of the smoking risks and the benefits of abstinence. The mothers in the intervention group additionally receive three telephone-based counseling sessions delivered by trained professionals over the phone at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after birth. All smoking husbands or partners of the mothers in the intervention group are contacted in the first weeks after birth and are offered one phone motivational session to quit and support their wife's abstinence. To incentivize the couples to remain in the study and to appreciate their time and effort, gift certificates are mailed for baby-related merchandise around the 1-month and 6-month follow-up contacts.