2. at least one clearly identified and localizable likely seizure onset focus, as defined by the discharges (typically epileptiform spikes) and as identified by dEEG assessment through one or more routine clinical dEEG evaluations. This focus must be 2 to 3 cm from the head surface (to be reachable by TMS). Where multiple spike foci are present and meet these criteria, then the focus with either clinically relevant symptoms or the most spikes (or both) will be chosen as the target for treatment.