Tuberculosis (TB) is a global challenge and for the increasing epidemic of multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB there is restricted treatment options. This calls for research of new immune-modulating treatment strategies that can strengthen the patients immune system to better fight the TB bacteria. The pro-inflammatory, but still immunosuppressive mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is produced by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in inflamed infected tissue. Studies from both human and animal models show that COX-2 inhibitors (COX-2i) can improve the immune system and strengthen vaccines responses.