HIV is a chronic active infection of lymphocytes and monocytoid cells resulting in a progressive and profound depletion of T cell subsets and ultimately in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV infects cells of the immune system throughout the body and may cause an active cytolytic infection in activated lymphocytes, become dormant as a latent infection in resting lymphocytes, or continue as a chronically active infection in macrophages. Continuous anti-retroviral drug treatment (ART) suppresses virus within the bloodstream and allows some degree of immune healing so as to permit near-normal health and life expectancy. However, interruption of ART is uniformly followed by rebound of viremia as a result of ongoing chronic active infection, and reactivation of latent infection. Successful ART requires daily medications indefinitely. There is an ongoing need for treatments which are more effective in the eradication of HIV. Counter to past expectations for cell-mediated immunity, broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmAb) have been developed which show anti-HIV activity in vivo in reducing viremia (plasma virus load, PVL), and in slightly reducing recurrence of lasting PVL following analytical treatment interruption (ATI). Monoclonal antibody therapies against host cellular markers such as HIV co-receptors have been put forward as potential strategy in immunological treatment of HIV infection. If activated lymphocytes could be protected from cytolytic HIV infection in the presence of concurrent active HIV infection of other cells and tissues, then unperturbed potent acquired specific or innate immunity might confer lasting immunological remission of HIV infection.