ESBA105 is a topically administered tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitor that has significant therapeutic potential in various inflammatory intraocular diseases. In animal experiments, ESBA105 was shown to efficiently penetrate into the inner of the eye upon topical administration, associated with very low systemic exposure. A recently completed Phase I trial with topical ESBA105 has confirmed the safety of topical administration to the human eye and the low systemic exposure using this route of administration.