The primary aim of this project is to determine the influence of intensive lifestyle intervention on lipoprotein oxidation as assessed by autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Other complementary indices of oxidative stress, and antioxidant status as assessed by circulating concentrations of lipophilic antioxidants, will be compared between lifestyle intervention and community care (control) arms of the Look AHEAD study. Such comparisons will be performed both early after intervention and later when metabolic adaptation is expected. By contrasting subgroups defined by differential compliance to diet or exercise, by gender, menopausal status, ethnicity, and age, secondary aims will consider whether changes in lipoprotein oxidation/oxidative stress and antioxidant status differ between such subgroups. Other aims will consider whether differences in lipoprotein oxidation/oxidative stress among the above subgroups can be accounted for by differences in lipoprotein concentration, composition, or character, carbohydrate metabolism, or antioxidant status. The results of this study will provide a potential mechanistic explanation for differences in cardiovascular endpoints between intervention and community care groups.