Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative disease of genetic origin, due to a mutation in the gene coding for the protein dystrophin. This mutation leads to deficiency of dystrophin in the myofibers, causing progressive muscle degeneration by the following mechanism: (1) dystrophin deficiency leads to myofibers being very vulnerable to muscle contraction-relaxation, causing frequent damage and necrosis of myofibers; (2) necrosis is followed by myofiber regeneration, as long as the regenerative capacity of muscle is not exhausted; (3) when the regenerative capacity of the muscle is exhausted, myofibers become atrophic and are ultimately lost; (4) fibrosis and fat infiltration replace the lost myofibers. This progressive muscle destruction takes place in most muscles of the limbs and trunk, leading to progressive loss of muscle strength, musculotendinous contractures, restrictive respiratory insufficiency and premature death between 17 and 30 years.