Beck Depression Inventory is a self-report instrument measuring the severity of depression. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Short Form, a prominently and frequently cited, self-reported measure of depression was used. The 13-item questionnaire assesses 4 major components of depression: behavioral, affective, cognitive, and physiological. Numerical values assigned to each statement range from 0 to 3 indicating increasing severity. According to Beck's clinical criteria, a score between 8 and 15 indicates moderate depression and 16 severe depression.