Over the first 2 years of our study we will use gene expression profiling to study PBMCs from roughly 30 patients with chronic genotype 1 HCV. This data will serve as a crucial control for our studies of acute HCV in PBMCs. However, all of these samples are taken from patients who will go on to treatment with PegIFN/Rib. Therefore we will use the gene expression data from these studies not only for comparison with the acutely infected PBMCs, but also to determine which gene subsets are predictive of treatment outcome. These results will form the basis for a noninvasive prognostic test.