A recently completed pilot clinical trial (Protocol Number 08-SBUS-2-GRA-01, EVIM-1) parallel groups, placebo controlled, triple blind, single center, randomized study, with a fermented milk (minidrink) containing a combination of L. rhamnosus and FOS showed promising results in the reduction of HL recurrences in a population of 78 subjects with HSV-1; the study investigated the effect of pre- or probiotics or a combination of the two on the recurrence of HL lesions as well as on the immune system in general, showing that the consumption of a minidrink containing the probiotic L. rhamnosus or a minidrink containing a combination of L. rhamnosus and FOS reduced the occurrence and the incidence of recurrent HL lesions.