Circulating AAT-1 levels increase by 4-fold during acute-phase response (3). Patients with low circulating levels of AAT-1 are at increase risk for lung, liver and pancreatic destructive diseases, particularly emphysema (3). Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that AAT-1 therapy for non-deficient individuals is safe, and may modify disease progression in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, transplant rejection, graft versus host disease and multiple sclerosis (6-17, 32,33,37,38) . AAT-1 treatment has subsequently advanced from replacement therapy to potential treatment for a broad spectrum of inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. AAT-1 also appears to be antibacterial and an inhibitor of viral infections, such as influenza and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (18).