Atherosclerosis is the most common cardiovascular disease and accounts for the greatest number of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and death. Polyvascular lesions with coexistent lesions (especially atherosclerosis) in multiple arterial territories (at least 2 of coronary, cerebral, lower extremity arteries), could be associated with higher risk of future cardio-/cerebrovascular diseases. However, previous studies either roughly defined polyvascular diseases according to established clinically recognized arterial diseases in multiple arterial territories, or tested multiterritorial subclinical atherosclerosis without tests of intracranial and peripheral arteries. Furthermore, recent research also showed that cardiometabolic diseases and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with worse cognitive abilities. A thorough evaluation of multiterritorial lesions in whole body used advanced vascular imaging techniques is required to precisely assess the association of polyvascular lesions with future cardio-/cerebrovascular events and cognitive impairment.