An abdominal distribution of fat is associated with the greatest heart disease risk, because commonly, several risk factors of metabolic origin (high blood pressure, unfavourable cholesterol profile, elevated blood sugar, impaired insulin action) cluster in these individuals. When this occurs the condition is called the 'metabolic syndrome' (MetS). The cause of the MetS is yet to be fully elucidated. Increased activity of the nervous system resulting in enhanced release of the stress hormone 'norepinephrine', may be one mechanism by which adverse cardiovascular and metabolic sequelae of the MetS might be mediated. Dietary weight loss, and exercise are first-line treatments for the MetS and provide an opportunity to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease in this high risk group. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the effects of these lifestyle factors on the nervous system. Furthermore, it is also unknown whether active weight loss ('negative energy balance') or a stable lower weight (weight loss maintenance) is more important in modifying MetS components and nervous system activity. The aims of the proposed project are: