PAI-1 is an adipocytokine that negatively regulates fibrinolysis thus increasing thrombus formation. Its connection to cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes has been previously established.38,39 Weight loss is associated with a decrease in PAI-1.29 Recently, the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study showed PAI-1 to be independently associated with incident diabetes, and this association did not vary by sex or race.40 We hypothesize that PAI-1 levels will decrease with mindfulness practice and will be associated with improved insulin sensitivity. To see a decrease of 30% in PAI-1 levels, given the medium to large effect sizes seen in the literature, requires a sample size of at least 40.40