Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder resulting in approximately 11,000 deaths in the United States each year. It is estimated that between 60,000-80,000 people are currently under treatment for refractory or relapsed MM. Prognosis and survival have improved over the last 20 years, but the disease is still universally fatal despite efforts to develop new and more effective chemotherapeutic regimens. Therefore, new regimens need to be developed for patients prior to peripheral blood stem cell transplant and for those unable to tolerate the toxicity of transplant.