- Resting heart rate (HR) ≤50 due to arrhythmia or ≥100 beats/min, Neurological (e.g., dementia, head trauma), psychiatric (e.g., bipolar, schizophrenia, or depression), or substance dependency (alcohol or chemical dependency) in the past 5 years that are the main contributor to MCI, Contraindications to exercise, e.g. unstable angina, recent surgery, New symptoms or diseases that have not been evaluated by a health care provider, Current enrollment in another intervention study related to cognitive improvement (reduce confounding effects on outcomes), and Abnormal MRI findings.