- Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Both techniques explore the diffusivity of water molecules in the intra- and extracellular spaces of the brain, along with the directionality of movement. The acquisition generates parameters of white matter integrity and anisotropy, including mean diffusivity, longitudinal and radial diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy. With this information, detailed in vivo maps of white matter fibers (tractography) can be produced, as well as maps of anatomic connectivity (connectome). DKI is a novel diffusion imaging technique that explores the non-Gaussian distribution of white matter molecules and is able to further characterize the complexity of white matter microstructure. DKI has thus far been scarcely explored in the study of pediatric neurological disorders.