Yet the demand for MC even in non-circumcising communities is substantial when offered at no cost in a safe setting. Following Kenyan support of one of the key research studies demonstrating the preventive effectiveness of MC, the Kenyan Ministry of Health (MOH) began a national voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) program in 2008, based on a National Guidance document. MC activities in Kenya have been centered in Nyanza Province, where the prevalence of circumcision is about 50% compared to about 90% in the rest of the country. Based on WHO statistics, Kenya is the African country that has made the most progress in implementing large-scale MC activities: to date, there have been over 400,000 VMMC procedures in Kenya.