Transplantation of human body structures other than organs such as the heart, liver, pancreas and kidney is known as composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) and has been practised for years in centres with available expertise. In 1998 Dubernard et al transplanted a forearm harvested from a brain dead man to 48-year old man. By 2009 at least 40 hand transplants had been performed, with very few immunological rejections and minimal immunosuppressive treatment in many cases . A possible explanation of this immune tolerance is that a type of chimerism is achieved, possibly due to the presence of bone marrow in the graft.