With the development of cell therapy, amniotic membrane can be also used as a carrier of limbal stem cells or their progeny, cultivated in vitro.2,25,26 Most recently, ex vivo cultivation and expansion of limbal epithelial cells has been performed utilizing AM as a matrix. However, the superiority of AMT over other treatment modalities in many of these settings needs to be substantiated by controlled clinical trials.5 The use of amniotic membrane in ophthalmic surgery has been shown to provide an alternative for corneal and conjunctival reconstruction in many clinically challenging situations. It has without doubt provided an option where previously none existed in some conditions. Nevertheless, it is has its limitations and is not universally successful for every indication. The indications for its use are ever increasing, often on anecdotal evidence. In some instances where it is successfully used, existing and at times simpler options are equally effective. The collective global experience with the membrane is now vast, and the field should now move into proper randomized controlled studies to evaluate its true potential.1,2,28