In the PTA group the minimal time for each balloon inflation was 2 minutes at 10 to 12 atmospheres. After dilation of the entire target segment, biplane control angiograms were obtained. In cases with a suboptimal primary result, defined as a residual stenosis >30% or presence of a flow limiting dissection in the worst angiographic view, a second prolonged balloon dilation (>2 minutes) of the target segment was performed. In patients with a persistent suboptimal result after the second balloon dilation, secondary stenting was performed.