Background The burden of sudden death (SD) in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. The aim is to assess the incidence, etiology and patient characteristics of SD in a sub-Saharan country. Methods The Douala-SD study is a prospective, multicenter, community-based registry monitoring all cases of SD occurring in index areas of Douala city. Investigators will use the definition of SD as natural death occurring within 24h at the onset of symptoms. Demographic, clinical, electrocardiographic and biological variables (when available) of victims will be recorded. All deaths occurring in residents of health areas of interest will be checked for past medical history, circumstances of death, and autopsy (if possible). Conclusion This maiden Douala-SD study will provide comprehensive, contemporary data on the epidemiology of SD in a sub-Saharan African country and will help in the development of strategies to prevent and manage SD in Africa.