The peritoneum after long-term peritoneal dialysis is inevitably associated with fibrosis, which further compromises the efficiency of dialysis and ultrafiltration, or even worse the development of encapsulating sclerosing peritonitis (EPS) and mortality. Transabdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography has been reported in the diagnosis of EPS. Until now, it remains a critical clinical issue to early diagnose thickening of peritoneum and preventing the formation of EPS. Transabdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography are convenient and non-invasive, and has been reported to detect the thickening of peritoneum in pediatric PD patients with a history of peritonitis.