The research protocol involves isolating lung lymphocytes from surgical specimens of patients already undergoing clinically indicated lung resections. Surgical lung resections may be performed either by open thoracotomy or by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and could include pneumonectomies, lobectomies, or wedge-excisions, as dictated by clinical care of the patient. This protocol will exclusively use tissue that is of excess after a clinical diagnosis is established. The setting is the operating rooms at the Ann Arbor VA Hospital or the University of Michigan Hospital System. Subjects will be recruited from the outpatient clinics, but will be inpatients at the time of surgery.