The proposed clustered randomized trial of four children's hospitals: CHOC Children's (CHOC), Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, The Children's Hospital, Denver. At each hospital approximately 20 anesthesia and nursing health care providers (HCP) will examine the effectiveness of a Provider Tailored Intervention for Perioperative Stress (P-TIPS) aimed at preventing high anxiety and improving the recovery process in children undergoing surgery via modifying adults' behavior. Each hospital and all HCP in it will be randomized to either a P-TIPS Group, who will receive the newly developed intervention, or a Control Group who will receive a 2-hour seminar on the management of preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain and otherwise will provide standard care. Objective measures of children's preoperative anxiety and postoperative recovery, as well as adherence measures of HCP will be collected prior and during the experimental period.