Additionally, there is increasing evidence that the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is helpful in explaining the psychological mechanisms in bridging the gap between intention and actual change in health behaviour.17 According to HAPA model, an individual's intention either to engage in a preventive measure or to modify risky behaviour in favour of a healthy practice, action plans and action control help the individual to structure a strategy for maintaining healthy practices and defeating other conflicting ideas.18 Adopting the HAPA model,17 intention, self-efficacy, and planning to provide smoking cessation and reduction advice will also be assessed.