8-OHdG determination This assay will be carried out as follows: in brief, this assay consists of 3 steps: (i) genomic DNA extraction using a Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega Italia, Milano); (ii) nuclease P1 and alkaline phosphatase hydrolysis of DNA; (iii) 8-OHdG determination using an HPLC equipped with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED) (ESA Coulochem II 5200 A, Bedford, MA). The 8-OHdG levels are expressed as the number of 8-OHdG adduct/105 dG.