Taiwan has attracted much attention for its National Health Insurance (NHI) and healthcare system around the world with many countries in Europe and the United States using it as a benchmark. However, increasing medication costs over the past two years account for more than 25% of total expenditure, surpassing every OECD member and mounting increasing pressure on the NHI. Nevertheless, patient medication adherence is relatively low. Thus, the investigators assessed the effectiveness of a personalized medication management system for improving the medication adherence for patients, in order to save long term medication costs.