1. Patients must have a diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder confirmed at the study institution. The patient must have demonstrated nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer refractory or recurrent to standard intravesical therapy. Refractory disease is defined as failure to achieve tumor-free status by 6 months of initiation of adequate BCG therapy. Recurrent disease is defined as reappearance of disease after achieving a tumor-free status by 6 months of initiation of adequate BCG therapy. Adequate BCG therapy includes at least 6 weeks induction plus 3 additional doses of either induction or maintenance. Patients with a history of other intravesical agents (except nab-rapamycin or gemcitabine) in addition to standard BCG will also be allowed to enroll. All grossly visible disease must be fully resected and pathologic stage will be confirmed at the institution where the patient is enrolled. This will include stage Ta, T1, Tis and exclude all patients with muscle invasion (T2).