In December 2009, a team from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assisted the Uganda Ministry of Health and the WHO in the investigation of the occurrence of NS in Kitgum / Pader regions of northern Uganda. A total of 51 cases with reported NS, and 93 household or friend controls were identified for the case control investigation and additionally, 23 subjects with reported NS were enrolled in a case series that underwent thorough medical and neurological assessments.