All cases have fibrovascular proliferation with vitreo-retinal adhesions in 3 or more sites but not extending beyond equator in more than one quadrant. Complete removal of the visible posterior preretinal membrane was done during surgery in every case. All cases included in the study had attached retina postoperatively. Cases with rhegmatogenous detachment, silicone oil infusion, or post-operative moderate to dense cataract were not included. Surgical indications included progressive fibrovascular proliferation (FVP), and traction retinal detachment. Postoperative standard 6 mm 6-line OCT (Stratus OCTTM optical coherence tomography, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA) study centered on the macula and fundus photography were carried out between 7 months to 15 months after surgery. All cases were enrolled from the Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.