The prospective study utilised validated questionnaires. For back pain the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was selected as it is an excellent measure of a patient's functional disability and has been in use for nearly 40 years. The Index is a multiple choice questionnaire, divided into 10 sections assessing Pain Intensity, Personal Care, Lifting, Walking, Sitting, Standing, Sleeping, Social Life, Travelling and the impact on Employment and House making. Each section is scored from 0 to 5, the maximum score is 50. The score is then doubled to become a percentage disability index. Urinary Incontinence was measured with the International Consultation On Incontinence Questionnaire - Urinary Incontinence - Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF). This is also a multiple-choice questionnaire asking the patient to score the frequency of urine leakage, how much they think leaks and on a scale of one to ten how much it interferes with daily life. It is not a disability index like the Oswestry. A maximum score is 21 with urine leaking all the time, large amounts and interfering with life a great deal.