There is a strong theoretical rationale supporting a radiotherapy dose increase in patients with hypoxic pulmonary tumour. F-miso PET enables in vivo identification and localisation of hypoxic tumoral areas, which constitute a target for an increased total dose of radiation therapy. Preliminary studies in head and neck cancers have demonstrated the feasibility and support the medical benefit of this novel approach. To date, no studies investigating non-small-cell lung cancer patients have been performed.