Ipilimumab/Yervoy® is a new therapeutic strategy targeting an immune checkpoint (CTLA-4), which has provided significant benefit in overall survival in two phase III trials in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. In the adjuvant treatment of melanoma, ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg is currently being tested in patients of the clinical stages IIIA to IIIC (EORTC 18071; ECOG 1609). Although the 10 mg/kg dose regimen has been shown to be the most efficacious in phase II trials in stage IV melanoma patients (CA 184-022, CA184-008, CA184-007), the 3 mg/kg regimen also provides clinical responses with a much lower rate of severe adverse events. Indeed, the 3 mg/kg dosage was used in one of the two positive phase III trials on in metastatic melanoma. Due to its safer toxicity profile, 3 mg/kg ipilimumab is probably best suitable for an adjuvant use in patients with completely resected MCC.