Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Among individuals who engage in smoking cessation treatment, attrition rates remain high. Many smokers experience difficulties in regulating their emotions, which reduces their ability to benefit from standard interventions and leads to increased smoking behaviors. In addition, cognitive deficits (e.g., reduced working memory capacity) may prevent smokers from applying information from interventions, making smart choices about the benefits and risks of smoking, and resisting smoking advertisements.