This study deals with the implementation and clinical evaluation of neural control of mechanical ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit. The goal is to demonstrate, in pre-term newborns with extremely low birth weight, that neural control of mechanical ventilation, using the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi), can synchronize delivery of assist to the patient's inspiratory drive, and that synchrony is maintained regardless of the interface used. This proposal will introduce for the first time technology for neural triggering and cycling-off as well as neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in the treatment of pre-term infants.