This is protocol is generated in response to the exploratory R21 from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) for US-Russia collaborative research in HIV/tuberculosis (TB). Given the exploratory focus of the protocol and the short time frame of funding (2 years) we will study TB in Irkutsk, in Eastern Siberia. Irkutsk is one of the hardest-hit areas in all of the Russian Federation for drug-resistant TB and poor TB outcomes. Specifically, the investigators will examine the factors of anti-TB drug pharmacokinetics, TB drug-resistance mutations and virulent/transmissible M. tuberculosis sublineages. This foundational work will inform future diagnostic strategies and therapeutic regimens.