The most common and potent of all treatment regimens are the dopaminergic agonist agents, which carry serious adverse events in their prolonged use despite their augmentation. A few basic studies have suggested a potential relationship between vitamin D and RLS. It has been implicated that dopaminergic system dysfunction plays a role in the development of RLS, while vitamin D has a protective effect on that system. This has been further substantiated by few clinical observations that showed prompt improvement of RLS patients upon receiving dopaminergic agents such as carbamazepine. Other studies have revealed low serum levels of vitamin D in RLS patients, along with remarkable improvement after vitamin D replacement therapy, as has been demonstrated in a recent pilot study.