As repetitive surgery leads to morbidities and ovarian function decrease, recurrence after surgery frustrates both patients and clinicians. In this aspect, medical treatments have been offered after surgery to prevent or delay the recurrence. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is frequently used in women with advanced endometriosis, but the efficacy is rather controversial. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that oral contraceptives (OCs) could reduce or delay endometrioma recurrence, but data are still limited. Consequently, no one type of postoperative medical therapy has been shown to be superior in reducing the recurrence of endometrioma.