The recruiter notified the provider and patient prior to the clinical encounter when patients scored 10 or higher on the PHQ-9, signifying 'probable major depression' . A board-certified psychiatrist, blinded to patient allocation, diagnosed depression and determined additional exclusion criteria. Patients diagnosed with a major depressive episode, not excluded for other reasons, and completing a subsequent baseline telephone interview within 8 days, were enrolled as the Intention-To-Treat (ITT) sample.