Pharmacists have helped patients to improve adherence to cardiovascular medications and intermediate outcomes such as BP and LDL control. For anticoagulation therapy, pharmacists have helped patients maintain better INR control via anti-coagulation clinics compared to patients not managed in these clinics. Specific components of anti-coagulation clinics that have been found to be particularly helpful for improving adherence include computerized patient monitoring that identifies delinquent patients (i.e., for lab monitoring) and frequent contacts with the patient. An intervention focusing on adherence involving pharmacists can have the potential to improve dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban use so that the benefits demonstrated in the clinical trials for dabigatran can be realized in routine clinical practice.