- Eligible participants included patients ≥20 years with either overweight (BMI of 25-30 kg/m2) or obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), who had undergone panendoscopy due to typical clinical symptoms of either acid regurgitation, heartburn sensation, or both. By the results of panendoscopy, patients with the severity of grade A or B esophageal reflux, according to the Los Angeles classification, are enrolled.