Thus, although effective measles vaccines are available, there is still a need to find the optimal way of immunising in different epidemiological settings. In areas with high measles transmission early two-dose measles vaccination schedules have been recommended for prevention of measles in the age group below the normal age of vaccination, and as a means of raising vaccination coverage in general. We conducted such a two-dose trial with two different strains of measles vaccine in Guinea-Bissau, and found that the risk of not being vaccinated was lower in the two-dose group than in the one-dose group, and the relative efficacy of a two-dose versus a one-dose schedule was high among children below the normal age of vaccination. Further, we found that both one or two doses of the EZ vaccine resulted in 1% of the children being unprotected at 18 months of age, while one or two doses of SW resulted in 3% and 9% unprotected, respectively. The EZ vaccine, but not the SW vaccine, was able to boost the antibody response significantly after revaccination at 9 months of age in children with moderate levels of antibodies.