PCV13 is now the recommended PCV in Australia, as 3+0 for non-Indigenous children and as 3+1 for Indigenous children in Western Australia, Queensland and Northern Territory. The decision to recommend PCV13 over PHiD-CV10 has been primarily driven by the increase in cases of invasive pneumococcal disease due to serotype 19A(1). However for the NT, in the last 3 years there has been one case of serotype 3, 6A or 19A invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) per year in Indigenous children less than 2 years of age. By contrast, almost 20% of young Indigenous children have perforated tympanic membranes of which 60% are associated with NTHi, compared to 3% having serotypes 3, 6A or 19A.