The primary outcome on which sample size will be based is the proportion of children with persistent fever, persistent illness, or decline (hospital, danger signs develop, death) at Day 7. We assume that the baseline rate of fever/illness persistence is low (~5%, based on rates of ~3% and 10% in previous studies) and we aim to demonstrate that there is not a significant increase in this risk. The table below shows sample sizes (total eligible patients) needed for a non-inferiority margin of 0.03 - 0.05, assuming a power of 80% and an alpha of 0.05. A design effect of 3 will be used to account for clustering at CHW and health facility levels. The shaded row indicates the most plausible as well as logistically feasible sample size estimation. Enrollment will occur over a one-year period to account for seasonality of various causes of febrile illness.