Thus, the presence of these molecular determinants of ICD can be used to monitor the host immune status and as a predictive biomarker. Examples include: danger signals as surrogate positive biomarkers (HMGB1, HSP70 and autoantibodies against CRT/HSP90); viral-response like chemokine signature as direct positive biomarkers (IFN1A, IFN1B and CXCL10>CCL2>CXCL1).