Evaluations of vaccines have usually been based on a disease specific perspective; i.e. evaluation of specific immunity, and protective efficacy against the specific disease, its complications and mortality. However, our research from Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Bangladesh has indicated that measles immunization and measles infection may have non-specific beneficial effects. The present protocol is an attempt to assess the magnitude and possible mechanisms of the non targeted beneficial effects of measles immunization and measles infection as well as an attempt to assess some of the practical implications of the hypothesis about non-specific beneficial effects.