Background Fusion of the spine was introduced in 1911 for the management of deformity and is currently used to relieve pain and restore function in patients diagnosed with degenerative disc disease. Degenerative conditions of the spine resulting in functionally limiting back pain or neck, and arm pain with or without extremity pain and dysfunction are a major problem in today's world. Recommended treatment for these conditions can vary initially from bed rest, exercise, traction, manipulation and drug therapy to eventual surgery.