This is a proof-of-concept study to determine whether, in humans infected with M. tuberculosis that is resistant or susceptible to rifampin based on conventional drug susceptibility testing, the combination of meropenem, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and rifampin has activity that is sufficiently promising to proceed with further drug development along these lines. Rifampin has an incompletely understood but critical role in eradication of M. tuberculosis persisters and consequently the shortening of the duration of treatment for 'rifampin susceptible' tuberculosis (TB). For Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) / Extensively Drug Tuberculosis (XDR) TB, the ability to recoup rifampin's antituberculosis activity through rational combination with a carbapenem and a β-lactamase inhibitor with or without amoxicillin could transform the treatment of this disease.