Although there are guidelines available, not all are evidence based and debate still remains on best practice. The most recent guideline, produced by a panel of experts, advocates the use of wash products. Based upon this guideline the recently NHIR-funded Barrier Enhancement for Eczema Prevention (BEEP) study investigating an early skincare intervention in babies provided the following advice to participants: (1) avoid soap and bubble bath; (2) use a mild, fragrance-free synthetic cleanser designed specifically for babies; (3) avoid bath oils and additives; (4) use a mild, fragrance-free shampoo designed specifically for babies and avoid washing the suds over the baby's body; and (5) avoid using baby wipes, where possible.20 The challenge for parents is identifying 'mild' products, and so this advice currently has limited real-world value until more evidence on the effects of different products becomes available. There have been substantial advances in formulation technology of baby wash products since some of these guidelines were written highlighting the need for further research into neonatal skincare practices.10-12,21-24 2.4 INFANT SKIN MASSAGE Infant massage is a traditional practice advocated and used throughout the world to promote physical and mental development.25 Moreover it is an integral aspect of topical emollient use in newborn babies because emollient lotions and creams applied to the skin must be rubbed, or 'massaged', in. In the UK more than half of maternity/neonatal units endorse the use of massage oil as part of infant skincare.26 A number of studies into infant massage have identified potential physical and mental benefits that require validation.25 These benefits include: increased weight, length, head circumference; improved sleep; reduced episodes of crying/fussing; improved motor skills (gross and fine); enhanced personal and social behaviour; and improved psychomotor development. The development of a secure attachment between parent and infant in the early years is highly protective in promoting healthy psychosocial and emotional development. Infant massage may have a role in facilitating the development of early sensitive parent - infant relationships and attunement, known precursors to the development of secure attachments27. At 2 months of age the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system produces and regulates glucocorticoid cortisol in response to stress. Sensitive and attuned parents-infant interactions are associated with reduced cortisol excretion and thus improved affect regulation in infants28. A randomised controlled trial conducted by Gurol and Polat on infant massage in 120 newborn babies found a significant positive effect of the intervention on attachment between the mother and baby.29 The association between early secure attachment relationships, and the promotion of healthy brain development, emotional wellbeing and mental health is increasingly recognised and associated with improved outcomes for children across all domains of functioning30. Although there is significant research in the area of infant / child massage which supports positive benefits, very few studies have specifically studied the effects of massage in combination with a specific product form as a focus of the study.