A very high rate of clinic presentations occurs for babies and young children in remote communities. Our antibiotic trial for prevention of OM randomised infants at mean age 5 months(9,10) and recorded episodes of illness in placebo and active groups during approximately 6 months (unpublished). Around 9 episodes of primary respiratory illness or AOM (8.2 + 0.8) were recorded in notes per child year in the second 6 months of life. There are no published data for illness in the second and third years of life for this population. Whilst the BOOST study is unlikely to be sufficiently powered to detect group differences in rates of illness, these will be measured and reported.