- Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI is a noninvasive way to evaluate angiogenesis. In a prior NIH study, we have demonstrated that the kep (a measure of contrast influx in vessels in the bone marrow microenvironment) to be gradually higher in MM>SMM>MGUS, however it was limited to imaging a single field of view (i.e. the lumbar spine). This is also highly correlated with microvessel density.