General anesthesia will be induced with propofol (2-3 mg/kg) and fentanyl (2-3 µg/kg). Cisatracurium (0.2 mg/kg) will be given to facilitate the placement of the isolation device. Anesthesia will be maintained with 0.7-1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane or total intravenous anesthesia according to each center's protocol to maintain the SE values < 50 and the difference between RE and SE < 10. fentanyl 0.5µg/kg increments will be administered when the SE values > 50, the difference between RE and SE >10, and the heart rate and MAP are >20% of the baseline values despite a target sevoflurane MAC ≥ 1.5. Cisatracurium increments will be used to maintain surgical relaxation as indicated by train-of-4 monitoring.