Therefore, the investigators explored the effect of a diet based on food with a high n-3 and low n-6 PUFAs content in long-term kidney transplant recipients. These patients could benefit from an increase in n-3 PUFAs intake because a persistent systemic inflammatory status occurs after kidney transplantation, that greatly contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases and of chronic allograft dysfunction. Previous studies showed that dietary administration of n-3 increases graft survival in different animal models of organ transplantation, whereas n-6 PUFAs had opposite effects. Recently, the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs supplementation with canola oil in decreasing systemic inflammation and in lowering the incidence of rejections was demonstrated also in humans.