Other co-variates include baseline asthma severity, co-morbidity, presence of other chronic conditions, self-reported and geocoded race/ethnicity data, neighborhood education and poverty levels, sex, age, state, individual versus family plan, baseline number of outpatient visits, presence of an inpatient hospitalization, total expenditures, employer size, average employer baseline expenditures per capita, number of family members, mean age of children in the family, mean age of adults, baseline mean family morbidity score, number of family members with asthma, number of asthma and other medications used by the family, and number of family ED visits and hospitalizations in the baseline year.