The clinical advancement of monoclonal antibodies has been hampered by the inability to manufacture the specific recombinant proteins with a system that would be scalable for the global market. There is also a valid perception that even if manufacturing was possible, it would be at a totally unaffordable cost. Thus, neutralising monoclonal antibodies such as MAbs b12 have only reached efficacy studies in rhesus macaques. In the case of monoclonal antibodies it is generally believed that a cocktail of at least 3 antibodies would be necessary to avoid viral escape, thereby potentially tripling the cost of a product, as compared with a conventional single monoclonal antibody therapeutic. It is clear that in order to progress these promising anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies, new methods of manufacture need to be developed.