Our natural recovery research findings led to the design of a study, Promoting Self-Change, intended to encourage problem drinkers within a community setting who have never sought treatment or formal help to change their drinking their own (Sobell et al., 1996). The experimental intervention in the PSC study was modeled on the evidence-based materials developed for use in the Guided Self-Change model of treatment, a brief cognitive-behavioral motivational intervention Although both the experimental and control groups showed significant reduction in their drinking from 1-year pre- to 1-year post-intervention, the results showed that people who received the experimental motivational materials showed no greater change than those who received the two alcohol pamphlets that were freely available in the community (Sobell et al., 2002).