During the manual TVDE, the clinician used the LaborPro finger sensor so that simultaneous LaborPro measurements of fetal head station finger tip (HSFT) and cervical dilatation (CDFT) were recorded. A trained ultrasonographer (physician, midwife or technician) also performed an ultrasound examination to yield the LaborPro data for measurements of head position (HP) and the head station (HSUS) with respect to BPD vs. Pelvic Inlet or with respect to fetal scalp tip vs. Pelvic Inlet.