Traditional Chinese medicine is one of the important part of complementary and alternative medicine in the world, and it plays increasingly important role in the international medical practice. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the essence of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and forms the individualized treatment. However, this individualized TCM intervention often makes it difficult for population-based RCTs to carry out a standard form. N-of-1 trials may be a good clinical effect evaluation method for the individualized treatment of TCM.