The statistical analysis mainly consists in the comparison between the two groups with respect to the defined primary and secondary endpoints in relation to the semi-quantitative assessments of adherence. Standard statistical methods will be used. Hazard/Survival analysis will be conducted including death/loss of follow up as 'failure' in the analysis. Intention to treat will be used for analysis. Regression models with outcome as the dependent variable and a group indicator together with patient characteristics as independent variables will be the main approach. For binary outcomes, logistic regression will be used. Attention has to be paid to the particular, often skewed, distributions of variables like CD4+ T-cell counts and viral load. Transformations or the use of non-parametric approaches are likely to be necessary if such measures are not dichotomized and used in linear regression. The correlation between drug resistance and adherence will be statistically analyzed in order to study whether the basic mechanisms of selective drug pressure result in a concave or bell-shaped resistance - adherence relationship, for these drugs during ETS or CT in a low-income setting. The odds ratios of having or not baseline drug resistance mutations as detected by population and deep (single allele PCR) sequencing on drug resistance development and clinical outcomes during treatment independent of treatment adherence will be evaluated. Stratified analysis will be conducted comparing the outcomes among the treatment groups.