Perioperative ephedrine and/or phenylephrine is used as i.v. injection when necessary to ensure adequate perfusion pressure (MAP ≥ 65 mmHg), cardiac index (≥ 2.0) and heart rate (≥ 50/min) in addition to i.v. fluids in both groups. In principle hemodynamic parameters will be gathered always after five minutes minimum from possible administration of i.v. ephedrine or phenylephrine. Moreover, if pre-existing systolic left ventricular failure is detected in preoperative TTE, infusion of dobutamine 3 - 4ug/kg IBW will be started 10 minutes before induction of anaesthesia.