Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although a rhythm control strategy offers no survival benefit over a rate control strategy, elective electrical cardioversion is still recommended in patients without hemodynamic instability for symptomatic relief. However, recurrences are frequent after cardioversion and antiarrhythmic medications are required to maintain sinus rhythm. Nonetheless, the use of antiarrhythmic medications is problematic because of the risk of serious potential adverse effects, including drug-induced ventricular arrhythmias.