The interaction between genetic variability and outcomes has been well documented for adult patients with cardiovascular disease. Genetic polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in particular have been well studied. The active final product of the RAS is angiotensin-II, which is produced by the sequential cleavage of angiotensinogen (AGT) by renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Several steps in this series of enzymatic reactions have been evaluated as candidate genes of influence for cardiovascular disorders.