Hypothesis 1: Our primary hypothesis is that the flow versus time waveform contains information sufficient to calculate the respiratory system resistance and elastance. To test the primary hypothesis, we propose to measure resistance and elastance of subjects ventilated in the ICU during assist-control ventilation (a standard constant flow, volume-preset mode). Then we will record the flow versus time waveform during pressure-preset ventilation. By extrapolating the flow versus time waveform (which is generally linear) to the time axis, one can calculate elastance since at zero flow, the alveolar pressure equals the ventilator inspiratory pressure. Then Ers = (Pinsp - Total PEEP)/Extrapolated VT, where Pinsp is the set inspiratory pressure and extrapolated VT is the tidal volume if inspiratory time had been sufficient to allow equilibration between patient and ventilator (using trigonometry). Similarly, by extrapolating the flow versus time waveform to the flow axis (to find the maximal flow), one can calculate the resistance, assuming that flow depends on the pressure difference between ventilator and patient and the square of the resistance. We will compare the values derived during pressure-preset ventilation with those determined during assist-control (taken as the true values).