The surface "pockets" of restrictive micro-environs created by Prothelial's unique layering probably affect the flux of ions across mucosal receptors responsible for pain, nausea, vomiting and neuro-secretory diarrhea. These specialized mucosal receptors triggered by chemo-radiation maintain their state of activation by means of gated-ion fluxes across surface membranes that face the lumen of the gut. It is probable that the same restrictive micro-environs that crowd growth factors to the vicinity of their receptors also affect the surrounding space available to membranes for ion-flux and exchange. Spatial limitation of the immediate surface environment surrounding ion-gated receptors along the GI tract impact the receptor's ability to perpetuate the ion fluxes required to keep the receptor "turned on" or stimulated. Physically restrictive micro-environs surrounding membranes of stimulated receptors exhaust the ions immediately available to it for exchange. This limits the ability of the receptor to stay "on". The result is the quiescence of the membrane and the reduction of receptor-associated pain, nausea (thereby vomiting) and neurosecretory diarrhea, all of which are triggered by chemoradiation therapy.