Patients may receive bolus of any medication as ordered by physicians for procedures without interfering with the study. Notation of such action will be made with next assessment. If at any time a physician deems it necessary to begin a medication not classified as an opioid or benzodiazepine the patient will be removed from the study. If at any time a physician begins a scheduled dose of an additional opioid or benzodiazepine to total more than one of each class the patient will be removed from the study.