In this study, the investigators use a randomized field experiment in Karnataka, India, to measure the effects of a free inpatient public health insurance plan, Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), on health and poverty. RSBY is India's first large-scale national public health insurance program, and was adopted in 2008 to cover below poverty line (BPL) households. This study examines the impact of expanding RSBY to cover above poverty line (APL) households that are not covered by RSBY or other secondary hospital care insurance plans. The study will examine the impact of a public insurance program on a range of health and economic outcomes to capture the full range of benefits from insurance. The goal of the study is to quantify how the RSBY program benefits health and reduces poverty. Differences in the outcomes between the treatment and control groups over the duration of the project will measure the causal effect of health insurance on health and financial outcomes. The investigators believe this will serve as a platform for the future of development of RSBY, and provide further insight into the effectiveness of health insurance in low-income countries.