- Those receiving insulin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, or hormone replacement therapy, with BMI>38 kg/m2, smoking or significant alcohol intake (>2 drinks/day), serum TG >4.0 mmol/L, and those with complications of diabetes were excluded. Subjects were also excluded if they regularly took fish oil and flax seed supplements or used steroids. Subjects were excluded during the course of the study if there were any changes to their regular antihypertensive, lipid, or oral hypoglycemic medications, if unable to consume >50% of supplements provided, had a significant weight change (defined as >2.5 kg), or if their level of physical activity did not remain constant over the course of the study.