Cell injury in human islets induced by non-immune mediated inflammation occur in vitro upon hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) is an emerging therapeutic approach for DM, which showed promising outcomes with mild side effects. Infusion of BMMNCs and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in combination might exert enhanced repairing effects. We hypothesized that infusion of these two classes of cells might provide multiple signals for regeneration and improve recovery from inflammation-induced lesion. The effects might be maximized by intra-arterial pancreatic infusion.