A second group of women with no history of cardiac disease and pregnancy will also be identified as potential subjects for a control cohort. Each potential subject will also have an initial assessment of her medical, surgical, gynecologic, and obstetrical history as dictated by standard care. Appropriate management for each potential subject's medical and obstetrical care will be initiated and undertaken by accepted clinical practice. Potential subjects for this cohort will be obstetrical patients either cared for directly by or in consultation with the Regional Perinatal Center, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SUNY Upstate Medical University.