- current use of any medications; current DSM-IV diagnosis of any affective, anxiety, or psychotic disorder; current dependence on any substance besides heroin and nicotine (based on DSM-IV criteria); or risk factors for untoward side effects from propranolol and cortisol (i.e., irregular heartbeats, history of cardiogenic shock, history of severe heart failure, asthma, fungal Infections, hyperlipidemia, history of hypertension, or abnormal ECG or other laboratory findings).