Aim 2: To report the incidence of immediate (within 30 minutes after intubation) complications defined as the following: 1) cardiac arrest or death; 2) cardiovascular collapse (defined as a sustained decrease (>30 minutes) in mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg or systolic arterial pressure < 90 mm Hg despite 1000-2000 liters of fluid loading [crystalloid and/or colloid solution] and/or the requirement of any vasoactive agent); 3) hypoxemia (decrease in pulse oximetry to oxygen saturation < 90% during attempts); 4) hypotension (mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg or systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg occurring at any time); 5) difficult intubation (three or more attempts at laryngoscopy to place the endotracheal tube into the trachea and/or >10 minutes using conventional laryngoscopy and/or the need for another operator); 6) aspiration; 7) esophageal intubation [immediate and delayed]; 8) dental injury; 9) and supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmia (without loss of pulse); 10) vomiting; 11) oral or laryngeal trauma; 12) laryngospasm; 13) pneumothorax; 14) malignant hyperthermia; 15) medication error; 16) mainstem intubation; 17) nasal bleeding; 18) other.