The study hypothesis was that immediate epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) treatment would be more effective in treatment of anemia than No/Delayed epoetin alfa (PROCRIT®) treatment in patients with cancer and persistent chemotherapy-induced anemia. Patients will be randomized 2:1 to receive epoetin alf or no epoetin treatment. The starting dose will be 40,000 Units weekly (QW) or the dose they were on prior to the study (30,000-60,000 Units QW). If the Hb level decreases to <= 10 g/dL, PROCRIT will be initiated at a dose of 40,000 Units QW.