- 1. Patients with malignant or benign biliary stricture do not agree with endoscopic treatment 2.Patients had undergone biliary stenting previously 3. Patients with resectable biliary occlusion; 4. A guidewire could not be passed through the stricture; 5. Patients with an expected life survival <3months; 6. Patients with duodenal obstruction and duodenal endoscopy could not be reached to papillary.