As discussed below, a retrospective analysis of the plinabulin phase II study suggests that plinabulin prolongs progression and survival in NSCLC patients with large tumors. Tumor size is a well known prognostic factor for survival in NSCLC; patients with large tumors have a shorter survival than patients with smaller tumors. Among patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, especially those wildtype for EGFR or ALK, the presence of large lesions carries particularly grim prognosis, and treatment of these tumors represents an unmet medical need.