- 1) association with severe systemic illness, such as sepsis, CVA, COPD, advanced carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (Barcelona Club Liver Cancer class C or D) 2) presence of massive ascites 3), serum creatinine ＞3mg/dl, hepatic encephalopathy > stage II, 4) serum bilirubin > 10mg/dl 5) life expectancy less than 24 hours 6) Child-Pugh's scores > 13 7) pregnancy 8) has ulcers on gastric varices 9) Uncooperative