HIV infection is characterized by persistent immune activation and constant turnover of T cells. This leads to a precipitous fall in the number of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, as well as to an early immunosenescence phenomenon that conditions susceptibility to opportunistic infections and a profound decrease in circulating and mucosal T cells. In these patients, modulation of the immune response represents a promising mechanism to maintain immunological homeostasis and prevent the development of pathology. From this perspective, it is feasible that lesser immune activation - rather than accelerating the progression of infection - may be an important actor in controlling infection and delaying the progression from chronic infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) .