For neuroimaging assessments, both structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI; mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy) will be used. Structural MRI will permit evaluation of changes in the structure and volume of the gray and white matter of the brain. DTI will permit evaluation of microstructural white matter integrity. Brain abnormalities have been noted in individuals with PKU, and using DTI our research group recently identified abnormalities in the integrity of white matter in early and continuously treated individuals with PKU.