Diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema secondary to retinal venous occlusive diseases are the most common cause of vision loss from a retinal vascular disease. Recently VEGF inhibitors (bevacizumab, aflibercept, and ranibizumab) have been described as new first-line therapies for these conditions. Aflibercept is the most recently approved VEGF inhibitor for the management of these conditions. Clinical trials have shown that treatment with aflibercept improves visual acuity and reduces macular edema in a large percentage of patients.