- for RAS patients: patients younger than 18 years, haematological deficits (assessed by complete blood count (CBC), iron (Fe), vitamin B12, hypersensitivity to toothpaste and oral mouth rinse solutions (assessed by medical history) (Nolan et al, 2006), pregnancy, inflammatory bowel disease (assessed by medical history), significant immunodeficiencies, current comparative systemic or topical anti-inflammatory treatment (antibiotics, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal antirheumatics, chemotherapeutics) (Lo Muzio et al, 2001; Nolan et al, 2006; Rodriguez et al, 2007).