This project is a supplement to a parent grant, Drug Counseling and Abstinence-Contingent Take-Home Buprenorphine in Malaysia. The specific aims of the parent grant include evaluating whether the relatively minimal counseling and other services provided with standard buprenorphine maintenance treatment (Standard BUP) is sufficient or whether one or a combination of two enhanced behavioral treatments--behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) or abstinence-contingent take-home buprenorphine (ACB)—improve its efficacy (Specific Aim 1) and are cost-effective, with regard to the direct economic costs of providing the treatments (Specific Aim 2) and also to provide training and mentoring in drug abuse treatment and HIV prevention research to clinical researchers and clinical training for health professionals in Malaysia (Specific Aim 4). BDRC utilizes short-term behavioral contracts to promote abstinence and reduce drug- and sex-related HIV risk behaviors and can be provided by nurses and medical assistants available in medical settings in developing countries.