The 'PROmoting patient SAFEty and quality improvement in critical care' ICU network was recently established in 6 European countries through European Union funding (PHEA 2007331), and has continued to collect high-quality data beyond the grant duration. In 2012, 242 ICUs had joined 'PROmoting patient SAFEty and quality improvement in critical care', recruiting a total of 85,965 patients. Of these ICUs, 180 admitted at least one TBI patient, totaling more than 3,300 cases. Hence, the network is expected to enroll 7-9,000 moderate-to-severe TBI patients in 4 years, in about 125 participating ICUs. The 'PROmoting patient SAFEty and quality improvement in critical care' consortium has already focused attention on TBI and has just started collecting additional information on this condition in order to develop a prognostic model to identify centers of excellence in TBI management. Aims of the CREACTIVE project are to consolidate the existing network in order to better describe the epidemiology of moderate-to-severe TBI in 7 countries (Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Poland, Slovenia); establish centralized repositories of biological samples (blood and derived fluids, CSF) and clinical imaging data, to be exploit for prognostic purposes; build a prognostic model based on clinical and biological data to predict short- and long-term outcome; identify most effective clinical interventions for optimally treating TBI patients; recognize the determinants of optimal vs. suboptimal performance.