In a study by Goldstein et al published in 2007 in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, the authors reported that ED cost during the index visit was significantly lower in the group that received the coronary CTA versus the group that did not receive the coronary CTA. However, this cost difference was primarily due to a decrease in length of stay in the ED rather than the cost associated with other testing, specifically nuclear imaging. This cost analysis was limited to the index ED visits alone; since the study was powered for outcomes, not cost. No additional cost data was gathered, although outcome follow-up was 6-months.