Household surveys: Several surveys will be conducted on each household, including a Baseline Survey, Annual Survey, Ethnographic Survey, and Post Health Event Survey. Each survey contains a common set of core questions on employment status, income, health utilization (inpatient and outpatient), health expenditures (inpatient and outpatient), health status (symptoms and activities of daily living (ADLs)), nonmedical consumption, productive and nonproductive assets, borrowing and savings, and other investments, including education. In addition, the baseline survey contained questions on household demographics and both the baseline and annual surveys will ask about knowledge of and attitude toward the healthcare system and facilities. Appropriate questions have been drawn from several Indian surveys (e.g., the NSS socioeconomic and consumption surveys and the National Family Health and District Level Household surveys), along with prior international health insurance experiments. Each of these questionnaires has been previously pilot tested. The Post Health Event Survey is an innovative, high-frequency survey methodology designed to capture hospitalization data more efficiently. An incentive of Rs. 50 cash will be provided to encourage households to cooperate with each survey.