Conceptually, the initial phase of "reversal" of electrical remodeling can be separated from the long-term treatment aimed at modifying the underlying substrate of AF. Classical sodium- or potassium channel blocking antiarrhythmic drugs prolong the atrial action potential even in the fibrillating atrium and may therefore support or even anticipate reversal of electrical remodeling. Such pharmacological reversal of electrical remodeling may only transiently be required, i.e. until electrical remodeling is in itself reversed by the natural restoration of normal atrial electrophysiology. Atrial action potential prolongation beyond normal values may indeed even be pro-arrhythmic. Therefore, it is tempting to treat the main electrophysiological end point of electrical remodeling, shortening of atrial action potential duration, by a limited short-term use of action potential-prolonging antiarrhythmic drugs.