The Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) provides care to refugees and migrant populations along the Thai-Burma border since 1986. Services include antenatal and birthing care, with 2,500 births per year and Special Care Baby Units (SCBU) set up in 2008; all medical records including clinical and laboratory data are archived. The treatment of neonatal jaundice is based on treatment thresholds adapted from the neonatal jaundice guidelines, published by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, UK. Total serum bilirubin (SBR) is done at regular intervals to monitor neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) evolution, following SMRU guidelines. The SCBU have been set up to provide intensive care for neonates in a resource constrained setting and don't have equipment for assisted ventilation other than oxygen therapy. Neonates presenting with high serum bilirubin levels and/or clinical signs of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) cannot receive exchange transfusion on site and have to be referred to the Thai general hospital one hour drive from the clinics; and, for those neonates surviving, there has not been a systematic follow-up of their growth and neurodevelopment.