The peristalsis of the non-pregnant uterus is widely investigated and the role of correct peristalsis seems to be most important for correct sperm transport towards the fallopian tubes and implantation of the embryo. At the same time, an impaired uterine peristalsis is discussed to be the reason for lower pregnancy rates and may account for dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. The connection of impaired peristalsis and various clinical symptoms has been shown for patients with e.g. leiomyoma and endometriosis, but not for women with adenomyosis, though the concept seems to be widely accepted.