Data analysis: Analyses of variance and covariance, or mixed effects model were/will be used to compare the mean differences in continuous outcomes (e.g., changes of bone mineral density, body fat mass, or intima-media thickness) among the quartiles. Cox proportional hazards or logistic regression models were/will be used to assess the risk of exposures (e.g., nutrition intakes and physical activity) on categorical outcomes. Path analysis was/will be used to assess the potential mediating effects in the causal pathway between exposures and outcomes.