Dystonia is a heterogeneous group of movement disorders characterized by abnormal muscle contractions resulting in abnormal postures and movements. The spectrum of dystonia includes focal, segmental, multifocal, and generalized presentations with a broad range of age of onset. An example of a focal dystonia is cervical dystonia. The pathophysiology of dystonia is unclear, but prior neuroimaging and neuropathological studies have identified a role for the basal ganglia. In neuroimaging studies, microstructural changes in the basal ganglia have been found in voxel based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and abnormal basal ganglia metabolism has been seen in imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in various types of dystonia. Basal ganglia pathology has been observed, including a case series reporting neuronal loss in the striatum. There is further evidence implicating the basal ganglia in dystonia from studies of animal models. In animal models, experimental lesions of the basal ganglia induced dystonia. An abnormality in cholinergic neurotransmission has been has also been suggested because of a clinical response to antimuscarinic medications. The striatum is a site of acetylcholine synthesis, and expresses muscarinic receptors. While antimuscarinic medications are useful in the symptomatic treatment of dystonia, the role of muscarinic acetylcholine neurotransmission in dystonia is unclear.