- Leukapheresis and therapy preparation: Patients undergo leukapheresis to obtain peripheral blood mononuclear cells. T-cells isolated from the peripheral blood are then genetically modified, hygromycin-resistant cloned, expanded ex vivo, and cryopreserved until the first clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence or progression. Patients with documented disease recurrence or progression undergo re-biopsy or re-resection of the tumor and placement of a reservoir-access device (Rickham shunt) into the tumor resection cavity prior to autologous T-cell clone infusion therapy.