With the advent of molecular profiling, it became possible to select patients based on disease genomic characteristics and match disease genotype with appropriate treatment. EGFR TKIs were found to be particularly effective in patients with EGFR mutation, and similarly crizotinib was highly effective in patients with ALK translocation. However, NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation or ALK translocation are the minority. For the 80-90% of patients in the U.S. without EGFR mutation, chemotherapy with docetaxel is the standard of care for the second line of treatment. As recently reported from the TAILOR trial, docetaxel demonstrated a statistically significant survival improvement compared to erlotinib. The median overall survival was 8.2 months (95% CI 5.8-10.9) with docetaxel versus 5.4 months (4.5-6.8) with erlotinib (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-1.00; p=0.05).