Aims 3&4/Associated in vitro cell measures and ex vivo mucosal stimulation investigations: The associated studies are designed to more fully explore the immunological processes underpinning the clinical outcomes, and to take advantage of mucosal tissue collected in excess of the clinical requirements to test individual components of hookworm secretions which we believe hold great potential as future therapies. These experiments are complex and often depend on the quality of tissue and the cells collected.