The present study was based on secondary analysis using the non-intervention control conditions of five separate studies conducted between the dates of 1998 and 2007. In total, 242 subjects (114 males; 128 females; mean body mass index = 25.6 ± 5.0 kg/m2) were included. In these studies, body composition (air displacement plethysmography), energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry and flex heart rate) and energy intake (weighed dietary records) were measured using common procedures.