The plan is to recruit subjects into 3 groups: 1) systemically healthy, 2) subjects with diabetes (ADA classification determined by glycosylated hemoglobin A1C levels), and 3) subjects with osteoporosis (limited to those on either no drugs or oral bisphosphonates only). All subjects recruited will have already been approved and treatment planned for implant placement by non-study personnel to avoid any potential conflict of interest. All subjects will have mandibular radiographs that show edentulous ridge areas that provide enough alveolar ridge space to place two test cylinders (each approximately 2.9-3 x 5mm) on each side of the mandible. One side will have two titanium test cylinders and the contralateral side will have two trabecular metal test cylinders. After placement of these 4 test cylinders, one will be removed contra laterally from each side at weeks 2 and 4 of healing. Thus, by 28 days all test cylinders will be removed.