Also known as manic-depressive illness, bipolar disorder is a recurrent and chronic mental condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The stigma associated with open recognition of this disorder decreases the likelihood of accurate diagnosis and treatment. Considering the impact of this disorder on the most vulnerable populations (youth, elderly, rural populations, and minorities), the challenge is to understand and reverse the current public health crisis. This crisis has created an enormous financial burden on the health, welfare, and disability systems. At the same time, it reduces the likelihood of economic and social productivity that can be achieved by potentially productive individuals.