Apart from these reported studies, there are three hypofractionation trials being conducted elsewhere. In the UK, two 3D-CRT based phase I/II trials have been approved investigating individualized dose escalation based on normal tissue dose constraints in patients with stage II or stage III NSCLC (ISRCTN12155469 and I-START; CRUK/10/005). In the US, the University of Wisconsin is conducting a helical tomotherapy-based hypofractionation study (NCT00214123) with pulmonary toxicity (pneumonitis grade 3 lasting for more than 2 weeks) as primary endpoint.