The ACTION Trial will enroll 80 participants being treated with maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. Participants will be randomized to receive Anakinra, 100 mg administered intravenously 3 times per week at the end of the hemodialysis session, or matched placebo. The duration of study drug administration is 24 weeks. There will be an additional 24 weeks of follow-up after study drug administration has been completed.