The study is in response to a Request for Applications (RFA) entitled Bone Formation and Calcification in Cardiovascular Disease which was developed jointly with the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) to support research into the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification, and the possible links between vascular calcification, bone formation, and cardiovascular disease. The RFA was released in January, 2001.