In summary, there appears to be growing data that NS is a seizure disorder and some of the various current treatment approaches have focused on use of antiepileptic medications. For most Ugandan children with this disorder, the current standard is no treatment or episodic treatment with multivitamins and/or antiepileptic medications, which are typically administered by psychiatric nurses with no or limited physician oversight. Information about the effectiveness of this treatment approach is based on anecdotal reports, and there are no reliable systematically collected data about dosage or frequency of medication use. In addition to the lack of scientific data on the effectiveness of these treatment approaches, there are important questions that need to be addressed regarding possible adverse effects of use of antiepileptic medications in children with NS. Anecdotal reports from caregivers and local treating physicians suggest that NS seizures appear to respond variably to locally available anti-epileptic drugs; however, for the reasons outlined above, this has not been clearly demonstrated. In addition, several aspects of treatment remain undetermined including, whether children are given medications on a regular basis, are given appropriate doses of antiepileptic drugs per weight, or are achieving therapeutic doses of drug.