- one or more contraindications for the use of hormonal contraception: Smoking over 20 cigarettes/day; Acute venous thromboembolic disease or increased risk; Known hereditary or acquired predisposition for venous thrombosis, e.g. activated protein C (APC)-resistance (including factor V Leiden Mutation), antithrombin III deficiency, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency; Risk for arterial thromboembolism (diabetes mellitus with vascular sequelae, severe hypertonus, severe dyslipoproteinemia); Known hereditary or acquired predisposition for arterial thrombosis, e.g. hyperhomocysteinemia and anti-phospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin antibodies, Lupus anticoagulants); Cerebrovascular disease (past cerebral infarction or prodromal states such as transitory ischemia attacks); Past migraine with focal neurological symptoms; Liver disease or pancreatitis; Dubin-Johnson syndrome and Rotor syndrome; Known porphyria; Known or suspected sexual hormone sensitive tumors; Unresolved vaginal bleeding