Child and adolescents with epilepsy often have comorbid conditions such as emotion/behavior problems and attention deficit, which usually result in great impact on their individual functioning and their family. Neurological factors (e.g. central neural system disease, mental retardation, and epilepsy factors), demographic factors (low socioeconomic, age, gender), family factors, child's attitude to epilepsy, parental psychopathology and their attitude may associate with the presentation of behavior and attention in child and adolescents with epilepsy. In addition, these risk factors may affect via some pathways. Previous studies were conducted mainly in Caucasians, and few researches were conducted in Chinese population. Furthermore, previous studies demonstrated inconsistent findings regarding the related risk factors for epilepsy. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study investigating systematically the potential risk factors for epilepsy.