Sclerostin is a glycoprotein product of the SOST gene in osteocytes and acts as a negative regulator of bone metabolism. Various observations have shown that CKD patients have high sclerostin serum levels, thus its potential role in renal osteodystrophy. The correlation between serum levels of sclerostin and histomorphometric parameters of bone turnover, osteoblast number and function in renal transplanted patients is not yet known. The impact of high sclerostin levels on CV disease and mortality is yet to be determined.