1. Manifest signs and symptoms that are severe enough to be incapacitating. Incapacitating signs and symptoms include hypoglycemic episodes requiring assistance by others and hypoglycemia unawareness, (the inability to recognize low blood glucoses; glucoses <54 mg/dl); and/or 2. Patients with poor diabetes control (HbA1c > 8.0% but < 12%), despite intensive insulin therapy, as defined by: self monitoring of blood glucose ≥ 4 times/day, and multiple insulin injections (≥ 3/day) or insulin pump, and close monitoring of blood glucose control by an Endocrinologist.; and/or 3. Progressive diabetic complications.