It's anticipated many patients will be switched to dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban following recent publication of criteria for dabigatran use from the VA National Pharmacy Benefits Management Program, providing an opportune time to conduct the proposed adherence study. We will conduct qualitative interviews with patients(n~30) and pharmacists(n~20) to understand barriers/facilitators to oral anticoagulant adherence. Informed by the findings, we will develop and pilot test a multi faceted intervention to improve adherence among patients recently started on dabigatran/rivaroxaban/apixaban.