It is anticipated that many patients will be switched to dabigatran following recent publication of criteria for dabigatran use from the VA National Pharmacy Benefits Management Program. This provides an opportune time to conduct the proposed study focusing on adherence to dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. We will first perform qualitative interviews with patients (n~30) and pharmacists (n~20) to better understand barriers and facilitators to dabigatran adherence. Informed by the qualitative findings and the literature on interventions to improve cardiovascular medication adherence, we will develop and pilot test a multi-faceted intervention to improve adherence among patients recently started on dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban.