1. Oral treatment with Miltefosine in children with PKDL at allometric daily dose for 12 weeks is safe with a cure rate of ≥95%; 2. Development of PKDL in children and adolescent is genetically predisposed and is associated with IL-10 & IFN-gamma gene polymorphism causing high serum level of IL-10 and low serum level of IFN-gamma; 3. Nutritional & environmental factors such as low serum vitamin E & arsenic exposure are associated with PKDL .