Fibroblasts are normally responsible for the scarring associated with wound healing and are activated by transforming growth factor TGF-β. Amniotic membrane downregulates TGF-βand the receptor expression by fibroblasts and thus reduces fibrosis. Choi and Tseng 8,9 implanted dispase-treated amniotic membrane with and without cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells intrastromally into rabbit corneas. They observed that the amniotic membrane alone did not induce keratocyte differentiation into myofibroblasts and the cornea remained clear. Amniotic membrane also suppressed the TGF-β signaling in corneal and limbal fibroblasts and in conjunctival and pterygial fibroblasts.10