Malaria control measures have been assessed for their potential to reduce intensity of infection in order to decrease the risk of malaria. It has been shown that malaria prevention using drugs is potentially capable to reduce malaria morbidity, school absenteeism, and all-cause mortality. However, prevention using drugs in the first years of life can also result in the loss or delay of acquired resistance which can lead to a rebound phenomenon (i.e. an increased risk of severe malaria after the therapy ended). In a recent study on intermittent treatment with Fansidar® at 2, 3, and 9 months of age, the number of malaria cases during the first 12 months of life was significantly reduced and no rebound effect was observed. This study has demonstrated that the intermittent administration of Fansidar® is safe and has beneficial effects for the children. However, the effectiveness decreased some months after discontinuing the drug. The promising effect of the intermittent administration of fansidar shown in this study needs to be confirmed in areas of different endemicity such as Lambaréné, Gabon. It is assumed that a more extended intermittent application of Fansidar® than performed in the above example would likely result in a longer period of protection from malaria, and the extended intermittent administration of Fansidar should not lead to rebound effects resulting in a higher occurrence of malaria.