A 64-slice non-contrast multidetector CT scan of the coronary arteries is performed to measure coronary artery calcifications (CAC) (Lightspeed, VCT; General Electric Medical Systems, Waukesha, Wis, Milwaukee, USA). Scoring is done by one skilled radiologist (R. Salgado), who is blinded to the subjects case files. Typical imaging parameters are: tube voltage 100 kv; current intensity 310 mA; rotation time 500 ms; and detector collimation 64 x 0.625 mm. Scan data are reconstructed at 75% of the cardiac cycle after the QRS complex. The radiation dose for calcium scoring range at 1.3-1.7 mSv. CAC is quantified (Agatston score) by means of a dedicated software application (SmartScore, AW). The Agatston score is the product of CAC area times the density. A score <10 is considered as normal. A score >200 is a strong predictor of CVD risk.