In patients with chronic pancreatitis the pancreatic nerves have been found to have a greater diameter and the area innervated by a single nerve is smaller (Bockman et al. 1988). A neural genesis of pain therefore seems likely. The basis of the neurogenic generation of pain may be due to an altered expression of neuropeptides like SP and CGRP. The concentration of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor TrkA is increased in inflammatory areas which may lead to an enhanced transcription of SP and CGRP, both of which are transmitters in the pain system (Di Sebatiano et al. 2003). Interestingly, the release of SP is known to be reduced by agents such as pregabalin.