To the best of our knowledge, no previous study assessed the role of carnosine in diabetes associated complications in particular diabetic nephropathy and there is insufficient evidence to recommend its supplementation in those patients. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the role of carnosine as an adjuvant therapy for diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and assess its relation to microalbuminuria, tubulointerstitial damage marker, glycemic control and oxidative stress.