Women Veterans' numerical minority in VA healthcare settings has created logistical challenges to delivering gender-sensitive comprehensive services. These challenges have only grown as more women Veterans have enrolled in VA care. Access and quality have lagged behind that of male Veterans, while gender sensitivity, including adequate attention to privacy/safety and awareness of women's military roles and experiences, is often lacking. On-site availability of gender-specific services has also not kept pace, with women Veterans more likely to be outsourced for gender-specific care now than they were ten years ago. Further, while the proportion of VA facilities having women's health (WH) clinics has increased, prior research has demonstrated that as many as 40% of them were not delivering comprehensive primary care services, instead focusing only on gender-specific exams. Lack of gender-sensitive, comprehensive care for women has also been associated with measurable decrements in women's ratings of VA access, continuity and coordination, as well as measures of technical quality.