Metabolomic profiling entails quantitating small-molecule metabolites from body fluids or tissues in a single step, and possesses the potential for early diagnosis, therapy monitoring and investigating the pathogenesis of various diseases. This biomarker detection is conducted in cells, tissues, or biofluids by either nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (MS) which then undergoes multivariate data analysis. Jung et al., using 1H-NMR spectropy combined with multivariate statistical analysis assessed stroke patients. In this study perturbed metabolic pattern in both plasma and urine from patients with known cerebral infarction incidents were assessed to identify a specific proteome associated with stroke. A similar investigation has been conducted with a wider quantification of neuroproteomics using a rodent model. Biomarker prognostic of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has also been investigated. Despite its potential for wide application, metabolomic profiling has not seen its utilization to guide neuroprotective management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We believe the unique combination of these two methods poses a valuable opportunity not only to improve the patient's neurocognitive outcome, but also to gain insights on which biomarkers represent cerebral ischemia or other signs of cerebral injury.