In this pilot trial, a convenience sample of 50 consecutive consenting patients undergoing cardiac surgery employing CPB will be studied. After obtaining consent, bilateral cerebral oximetry sensors will be placed on the forehead of patients prior to the induction of anesthesia. Baseline (breathing room air) regional cerebral saturation (rSO2) will be recorded. Following this, induction of anesthesia will occur and continuous NIRS measurements will be collected during the surgical procedure with continued monitoring occurring for the first 24 hours (or until discharge) within the ICU. In the control group, conventional anesthesia and ICU standards of care will be carried out throughout the study period. In the interventional group, an algorithm based on the modification of previously defined important physiologic variables will be initiated to reverse the desaturation (beginning when the saturation drops at least 10% from the baseline) that occurs in the OR and ICU.