- recurrence of disease activity (defined as BILAG level A and a SLEDAI of at least 10) within one year after successful induction therapy with cyclophosphamide or MMF in the presence of an adequate maintenance therapy with either cyclophosphamide (at least 500mg/m2 monthly), mycophenolate mofetil (at least 2g daily), azathioprine (at least 1.5mg/kg/d), methotrexate (at least 15mg weekly), cyclosporine (at least 3mg/kg/d) in patients with persistent anti-dsDNA antibodies