Unfortunately, lipid abnormalities are commonly seen in patients receiving boosted PI regimens. For example, in a clinical trial in which lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) was given to treatment naïve subjects, approximately 1/3 developed grade 2 or higher lipid abnormalities over 48 weeks. There is a growing concern that these lipid abnormalities will increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In fact, recent data suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to HIV infection and/or antiretroviral therapy. There are increasing efforts directed at minimizing long-term toxicities of antiretroviral therapy while maintaining its clinical benefit. (Witness the high degree of interest in treatment interruptions as a strategy to limit toxicities associated with long-term antiretroviral therapy.)