The study includes a cross sectional survey for suspected PKDL patients among children treated for VL in the past, followed by an open clinical trial with MF with 12 months follow up after treatment and a simultaneous case-control study for PKDL risk factors. Parasitologically confirmed (demonstration of parasite in skin specimens by microscopy and / qPCR) PKDL children will be subjects of the open clinical trial with oral Miltefosine (MF) at allometric daily dose. In the case-control component of the study, confirmed PKDL children will be cases. Children treated for VL in the past and currently without skin lesions will be the controls and will be matched with cases by geographic area, age, sex and time of VL treatment. Inclusion criteria are: a child treated for VL in the past, aged more than 2 years old and less than 18 years old, either sex, fulfill case definition as PKDL case / control, parents / guardian consent for participation of the child in the study. Exclusion criteria are: do not fulfill all inclusion criteria for a case/control, with skin fungal infection / leprosy, without clinical evidence for arsenic dermatosis, negative for rK39 rapid test, control child who will develop PKDL during follow up. Based on expected 95% cure rate, a sample size of 73 PKDL children would produce a two-sided 95% confidence interval with an estimated precision of 5%. Allowing for an attrition rate of 10%, the final sample size is 80 children in each group and the total sample size is 160. Blood, urine and hair specimens will be collected from cases before treatment and at 12 months follow up, and from controls at baseline only. Primary outcome is safety and cure rate of 12 weeks treatment with MF. Cure will be defined by resolution of skin lesions by ≥90% and skin and blood specimens negative for LD bodies and leishmania DNA at 12 months after treatment. Safety will be measured by frequency of adverse events (AEs). We expect transient AEs like vomiting and diarrhea in less than 30% and serious adverse event in none.