Globally, mortality in children under five years (U5MR) stands at 45.6/1000 live births and it is estimated that 6.3 million children under five (U5) die each year. Despite a seemingly impressive global decline in U5MR, Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region that has registered increasing under-five mortality in several of its countries. Most deaths are caused by pneumonia (15%), diarrhea (9%), and malaria (7%); diseases with symptoms that overlap, making differential diagnosis difficult. In response, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have scaled up integrated community case management (iCCM) targeting malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea in children U5. The programs typically train community health workers (CHWs) to assess, classify and treat uncomplicated cases of pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria and refer children with danger signs and malnutrition. While mortality impact of iCCM has been difficult to demonstrate, there is clear evidence that it can increase the treatment rate among sick children.