If (velocity time integral) VTI <20, 250 mL colloid bolus administered. Dose repeated every 10 min until goal of VTI >20 met. Norepinephrine titrated to maintain MAP(mean arterial pressure) > 65 mm Hg. Blood transfused for haemoglobin <8 g Lactate levels as a surrogate indicator of organ perfusion as measured by arterial blood gas analysis at time of incision intraoperatively and after 12 hours and 48 hrs. The incidence of postoperative complications, morbidity, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.