The border between Thailand and Myanmar is at the forefront of the global fight against malaria because it is on the frontline in the battle against the development and spread of resistance to anti-malarial drugs. Malaria parasites found here are some of the most drug-resistant on earth and their expansion and spread is a very real global threat (research has already demonstrated that the most drug-resistant malaria parasites found in Africa originated in South East Asia) . This is particularly urgent and important in the populations living along the border because there is published evidence that the malaria parasites may become tolerant even to the most advanced artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) now at the forefront of global malaria treatment.