1. Community surveys. Cross-sectional surveys of community residents living in households randomly selected from each cluster will be conducted at baseline and at the end of intervention.The community surveys will consist of two components: (1) a household survey questionnaire administered to heads of households, and (2) a clinical survey including laboratory testing of all household residents. The primary outcome of the community surveys will be parasite prevalence as measured by microscopy. In the final community survey, we plan to enroll 105 participants per cluster (8820 total).