Procedures Baseline evaluation at rest is conducted at least 30 min after placement of catheters. Subsequently, the CO2 reactivity is evaluated during hypo- and hypercapnia in random order. Hypocapnia is attained by hyperventilation for 6 min to provoke a 0.7-1.2 kilopascal (kPa) reduction in PaCO2, and the evaluation is repeated if the reduction in PaCO2 is not within this interval. Hypercapnia is achieved by breathing 6% CO2 for 6 min.