Purpose: The Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) aims to assess the determinants of risk of osteoporosis and cardio-metabolic diseases and changes in their relevant indices (e.g., osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, body composition, etc.) in nutritional aspects, as well as other environmental and genetic factors.