Briefly, the trial-phase will consist of four visits, two as outpatient, and two as inpatient. The cohort-phase will consist of two additional outpatient visits. The screening outpatient visit will involve history taking, physical examinations (when appropriate), phlebotomy to measure circulating factors and urine pregnancy testing for female subjects. The 6-week outpatient check-up visit will be with a study coordinator. In addition to evaluating for adverse effects, the coordinator will perform a pill-count. Phlebotomy will be performed to measure circulating factors. The two inpatient visits will require two overnight stays each; the procedures performed for these two inpatient stays will be identical, and will include: timed urine collection, measurement of brachial artery flow mediated dilation, phlebotomy (including an IV protocol using low dose heparin), hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, hyperglycemic clamp, central blood pressure, and placement of an ambulatory blood pressure monitor that the participant will wear home for 24 hours and return by pre-paid FedEx mailer. We will take blood samples at each visit, collecting about 54 tablespoons (798.5 mL) of blood over the 36-week course of the study.