The CO2 reactivity of the internal carotid and vertebral artery is: change in blood flow *100 / change in PaCO2 * baseline blood flow using individual linear regression for the evaluations during normo-, hypo-, and hypercapnia. The CO2 reactivity of MCA Vmean and cerebral oxygenation is evaluated similarly and measurements during sodium nitroprusside infusion are corrected for changes in PaCO2 from baseline using the CO2 reactivity to hypocapnia.