There is an abundance of evidence in the literature suggesting that maintenance of spontaneous breathing with a synchronized mode of ventilatory assist, and the use of non-invasive interface to deliver the assist, has the potential to significantly improve neonatal respiratory care. Conventional modes of mechanical ventilation use pneumatic signals such as airway pressure, flow, or volume, which are dampened by respiratory muscle weakness, increased load (impaired respiratory mechanics), and leaks. In order to improve patient ventilator synchrony, further development over current technology is required.