Systemic inflammation is a condition in which the innate immune system is activated due to a variety of causes such as sepsis, trauma, and major surgical interventions. The clinical condition in which the body responds to such stimuli by the release of circulating inflammatory mediators is well known as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and is defined by tachypnoea, tachycardia, leucocytosis or leucopenia and hyper- or hypothermia.