user3511: What does Buddha say about the question,"Who am I"? Our body and mind perishes with time. If so then who actually attains the Truth?

user2207: This is a tricky question, as the Sutras appear to contradict on this, and there are several interpretations.  My take on this is that Buddhism doesn't tell us who we are, but rather tells us one of the following...

Who we are not.
Not to cling to specific conceptions of who we are.
Not to cling to any conceptions of who we are.

(1) Simply denies that we are independently existing permanent entities.  Some have translated this as "soul" but I disagree with this translation.  Rather, I think a better one is that sense that "you" are somewhere inside your body, directing your mind and body, pulling the strings, independent of all that goes on around you.
(2) Is similar to (1), but rather than deny it, it simply says not to cling to this conception.  This is neither an assertion nor a denial.
(3) Is similar to (2) but it admonishes against clinging to any conception of who we are.  This is particularly important, because one could develop a self-conception that may appear congruent with Buddhism (I'm one with everything, I'm a good Buddhist, I'm enlightened, I'm the thing that will gain the future benefits from this Buddhist practice, etc...).
So which is it?  I don't think there's a good answer, and I'm not even sure it matters.
If the issue with our pain is NOT who we are, but who we are NOT, then the problem becomes one of dissolving this "wrong view"; one need not install a "right view" in its place.  If so, any of the above could work.
In fact, if you take the problem of the self as being the boundaries we draw, and the conflicts that arise at those boundaries, then the solution becomes dissolving those boundaries, and any of the above can do that.  Even an interpretation of the self as identical with everything would do this (although whether it's taught in Buddhism may be debatable).
Having said that, my favored interpretation is (3). In fact, I regard (3) as a specific instance of a much more general principle -- not to cling to anything. This in turn could be seen as one interpretation of "emptiness" (we cling to illusory essences underlying phenomena, or clinging itself has this essence-view as its substrate). Now, since the self is the root of most of our problems, it deserves special attention, and exclusive attention on it may be enough.  This in turn is part of a general framework for understanding Buddhism as a way to live rather than assertions to be believed.
So who attains The Truth?  That question should be dropped, for to ask it may reinforce the self-conception that Buddhism tries to undermine.  Simply live Buddhism, stop asking such questions and see how you fare :)

user24287: Buddha said " Satta "..in many Suttas.
the meaning is " clinker (person) "
who clinging in 5 aggregates.
This " Satta "..is developing the 8 noble paths and ending suffer.
And call person who " Nibbana of suffer "..
as.. Arahunt or Deathless-element or Unconditioned-element.
This is not " Permanent Ataman in Upanishad view "...
I don't know why Buddhist seems to avoiding
" Satta(clinker) - Puggalo(person) "...

user17097: Your question is best answered from the perspective which includes theory of two-truths. Note that it isnt theory of TWO truths- rather two-truths; a hyphenation. Two aspects on the truth.
Since you question particularly pertains to "I", following answer is on the offering->
Conventional truth (smvrttisatya) and ultimate truth (paramarthasatya). Here conventional is used as a label seeking to imply 'of the world, worldly, apparent truth, truth of what appears, etc.'. Conventional truth is that you are an individual whose name is Dipayan Bairagi and so on. Ultimate truth is slightly different.
Ultimate truth is arrived at by ultimate analysis unlike conventional truth which uses conventional analysis. Here, ultimate analysis is using the concept of emptiness to ascertain via analysis that 'I' does not exist as an objective existent and that it is a merely imputed label of a dynamic process which has many other parts. Thus from an ultimate standpoint, there is no I. Not because some "I" existed and it has been destroyed but that the mind has been taught to ascertain the true nature of what appears, via reasoning of emptiness and finds that what we were thinking of or believing to exist objectively was a mere imputation of the mind.
Therefore, depending on the 'frame of reference' of the question the question of "who am I" can be responded.
As to the second part of your question, who attains the truth:
From the conventional standpoint, there is Dipayan who posted a question here and is seeking to understand the path so that he can become enlightened. All of these things are real conventionally. From the ultimate standpoint, true there is no mind or body but then there is also no path, no dharma, no truth, etc.
Your question takes an aspect of ultimate analysis (mind and body perish) and includes it with an aspect of conventional analysis (there is a truth and someone attains it). It is like taking offside from football and talking about basketball and asking 'what is offside?'. The question is not wrong but applied on the wrong game.
You have taken Buddha's statement from different places and contrasted them together, which implies an assumption that what the buddha says at one place is always everywhere true. While that would be correct for many things, it would also be incorrect for many other things. One might, as an example "this is an apple" and on some other occasion say "this apple is nothing but a bunch of atoms". It helps to know the context and text of the verses or sayings.

user254: He sort of refuses to answer that question.
The Aggi-Vacchagotta Sutta is an example of a Sutta in which he refuses to answer.
Your question is a variant of what's given in Wikipedia as The unanswered questions.
There are other questions on this site about why these questions are unanswered:

14 questions left unanswered
Where does a person go after attaining Nirvana?
Why are the 16 Unwise Reflections (“shall I exist in future” etc.) considered unwise?


Views or beliefs about the self are called "identity views". Buddhism suggests that on the path towards enlightenment we need to "eradicate" identity views. I asked about what that means in this question: What are examples of identity-view? the answers to which seem relevant to your questions.

There are other articles here on that subject:

If Buddhism teaches non-self (anatta), then who meditates?

But that thought is a bit like the idea primitive man may have felt, looking at nature. The wind blows, the leaves rustle, the rain falls. There must be “someone” making this all happen! And so they imagined a god or gods who were doing these things.


The difficulty of getting our heads around “non-self”

The Buddha didn’t actually teach that there is no self. I, and other teachers, often say that there’s no self, but this is just shorthand for saying that the kind of self you think you have doesn’t exist. The self you don’t have — the illusory self — is usually thought of as a unitary entity that sits inside you, pulling all your disparate experiences and actions into a single whole. It’s also in charge. And it’s conscious. You don’t have this kind of self — or in short-hand, you don’t have a self. Therefore you don’t have a self to lose, and those problems of “how to live without a self” don’t arise. You already don’t have a self, and you already do just fine. What you do have is an illusion of having a self, and that illusion makes you do less fine than if you got rid of it. The trouble is that once you believe you have a self, and you recognize that your self isn’t happy a lot of the time, you have to start wondering what kind of self you have. It’s obviously lacking! Maybe it’s broken! Maybe it’s not as good as other people’s selves! The illusory self becomes a real burden and gets in the way of our being happy.




user295: Buddhism says there is no core which is unchanging and nor an entity with absolute control over anything we call me or mine. Also, the practice is somewhat geared towards eliminating the notion of a permanent controlling self-identity view as this gives you a yard stick to measure yourself against others, which causes misery. So in conventional wisdom, it is you who attains the truth, although the notion of self will eventually be abandoned.

user8157: 'Our' body & mind does not perish with time. Instead, the body & mind perish with time. To quote:

Then, friend Yamaka, how would you answer if you are thus asked: A
  monk, a worthy one, with no more mental effluents: what is he on the
  break-up of the body, after death?
Thus asked, I would answer, 'Form is impermanent... Feeling...
  Perception... Fabrications... Consciousness is impermanent. That which
  is impermanent is unsatisfactory. That which is unsatisfactory has ceased and
  gone to its end.'
Very good, my friend Yamaka.
SN 22.85

It is the mind (citta) that attains the truth & is liberated. 
That is why liberation in Buddhism is called 'ceto-vimutti' or 'citta-vimutti' ('liberation of mind') rather than 'atta-vimutti' (liberation of self). 
That is why meditation is called 'citta-bhāvanaṃ' (development of mind) rather than 'atta-bhāvanaṃ' (development of self). 

akuppā cetovimutti, etadatthamidaṃ brāhmaṇa brahmacariyaṃ, etaṃ
  sāraṃ, etaṃ pariyosānanti
The unshakable freedom of mind: That is the purpose of this holy
  life, that is its heartwood, that is its final culmination.
MN 30

~

Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā
The mind has reached the Unconditioned; attained the destruction of craving.
Dhp XI

The question of "who" is explained in the Phagguna Sutta, about how the body, mind, sense experience, feelings, craving & clinging are not a "who"; about how the idea or sense of "who" arises later at 'becoming'. 

"Who, O Lord, has a sense-impression?"
"The question is not correct," said the Exalted One. "I do not say that 'he has a sense-impression'...the correct way to ask the question will
  be 'What is the condition of sense-impression?' And to that the
  correct reply is: 'The sixfold sense-base is a condition of
  sense-impression, and sense-impression is the condition of feeling.'"
"Who, O Lord, feels?"
"The question is not correct," said the Exalted One. "I do not say
  that 'he feels.'...the correct way to ask
  the question will be 'What is the condition of feeling?' And to that
  the correct reply is: 'sense-impression is the condition of feeling;
  and feeling is the condition of craving.'"
"Who, O Lord, craves?"
"The question is not correct," said the Exalted One. "I do not say
  that 'he craves.'...the correct way to ask
  the question will be 'What is the condition of craving?' And to that
  the correct reply is: 'Feeling is the condition of craving, and
  craving is the condition of clinging.'"
"Who, O Lord, clings?"
"The question is not correct," said the Exalted One, "I do not say
  that 'he clings.'...the correct way to ask
  the question will be 'What is the condition of clinging?' And to that
  the correct reply is: 'Craving is the condition of clinging; and
  clinging is the condition of the process of becoming.' Such is the
  origin of this entire mass of suffering


3511: <p>What does Buddha say about the question,"Who am I"? Our body and mind perishes with time. If so then who actually attains the Truth?</p>
 2207: <p>This is a tricky question, as the Sutras appear to contradict on this, and there are several interpretations.  My take on this is that Buddhism doesn't tell us who we are, but rather tells us one of the following...</p>

<ol>
<li>Who we are not.</li>
<li>Not to cling to specific conceptions of who we are.</li>
<li>Not to cling to any conceptions of who we are.</li>
</ol>

<p>(1) Simply denies that we are independently existing permanent entities.  Some have translated this as "soul" but I disagree with this translation.  Rather, I think a better one is that sense that "you" are somewhere inside your body, directing your mind and body, pulling the strings, independent of all that goes on around you.</p>

<p>(2) Is similar to (1), but rather than deny it, it simply says not to cling to this conception.  This is neither an assertion nor a denial.</p>

<p>(3) Is similar to (2) but it admonishes against clinging to any conception of who we are.  This is particularly important, because one could develop a self-conception that may appear congruent with Buddhism (I'm one with everything, I'm a good Buddhist, I'm enlightened, I'm the thing that will gain the future benefits from this Buddhist practice, etc...).</p>

<p>So which is it?  I don't think there's a good answer, and I'm not even sure it matters.</p>

<p>If the issue with our pain is NOT who we are, but who we are NOT, then the problem becomes one of dissolving this "wrong view"; one need not install a "right view" in its place.  If so, any of the above could work.</p>

<p>In fact, if you take the problem of the self as being the boundaries we draw, and the conflicts that arise at those boundaries, then the solution becomes dissolving those boundaries, and any of the above can do that.  Even an interpretation of the self as identical with everything would do this (although whether it's taught in Buddhism may be debatable).</p>

<p>Having said that, my favored interpretation is (3). In fact, I regard (3) as a specific instance of a much more general principle -- not to cling to anything. This in turn could be seen as one interpretation of "emptiness" (we cling to illusory essences underlying phenomena, or clinging itself has this essence-view as its substrate). Now, since the self is the root of most of our problems, it deserves special attention, and exclusive attention on it may be enough.  This in turn is part of a general framework for understanding Buddhism as a way to live rather than assertions to be believed.</p>

<p>So who attains The Truth?  That question should be dropped, for to ask it may reinforce the self-conception that Buddhism tries to undermine.  Simply live Buddhism, stop asking such questions and see how you fare :)</p>
 24287: <p>Buddha said &quot; Satta &quot;..in many Suttas.
the meaning is &quot; clinker (person) &quot;
who clinging in 5 aggregates.</p>
<p>This &quot; <strong>Satta</strong> &quot;..is developing the 8 noble paths and ending suffer.
And call person who &quot; Nibbana of suffer &quot;..
as.. Arahunt or Deathless-element or Unconditioned-element.</p>
<p>This is not &quot; Permanent Ataman in Upanishad view &quot;...
I don't know why Buddhist seems to avoiding
&quot; Satta(clinker) - Puggalo(person) &quot;...</p>
 17097: <p>Your question is best answered from the perspective which includes theory of two-truths. Note that it isnt theory of TWO truths- rather two-truths; a hyphenation. Two aspects on the truth.</p>
<p>Since you question particularly pertains to &quot;I&quot;, following answer is on the offering-&gt;</p>
<p>Conventional truth (<em>smvrttisatya</em>) and ultimate truth (<em>paramarthasatya</em>). Here conventional is used as a label seeking to imply 'of the world, worldly, apparent truth, truth of what appears, etc.'. Conventional truth is that you are an individual whose name is Dipayan Bairagi and so on. Ultimate truth is slightly different.</p>
<p>Ultimate truth is arrived at by ultimate analysis unlike conventional truth which uses conventional analysis. Here, ultimate analysis is using the concept of emptiness to ascertain via analysis that 'I' does not exist as an objective existent and that it is a merely imputed label of a dynamic process which has many other parts. Thus from an ultimate standpoint, there is no I. Not because some &quot;I&quot; existed and it has been destroyed but that the mind has been taught to ascertain the true nature of what appears, via reasoning of emptiness and finds that what we were thinking of or believing to exist objectively was a mere imputation of the mind.</p>
<p>Therefore, depending on the 'frame of reference' of the question the question of &quot;who am I&quot; can be responded.</p>
<p>As to the second part of your question, who attains the truth:
From the conventional standpoint, there is Dipayan who posted a question here and is seeking to understand the path so that he can become enlightened. All of these things are real conventionally. From the ultimate standpoint, true there is no mind or body but then there is also no path, no dharma, no truth, etc.
Your question takes an aspect of ultimate analysis (mind and body perish) and includes it with an aspect of conventional analysis (there is a truth and someone attains it). It is like taking offside from football and talking about basketball and asking 'what is offside?'. The question is not wrong but applied on the wrong game.</p>
<p>You have taken Buddha's statement from different places and contrasted them together, which implies an assumption that what the buddha says at one place is always everywhere true. While that would be correct for many things, it would also be incorrect for many other things. One might, as an example &quot;this is an apple&quot; and on some other occasion say &quot;this apple is nothing but a bunch of atoms&quot;. It helps to know the context and text of the verses or sayings.</p>
 254: <p>He sort of refuses to answer that question.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.072.than.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Aggi-Vacchagotta Sutta</a> is an example of a Sutta in which he refuses to answer.</p>
<p>Your question is a variant of what's given in Wikipedia as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_unanswered_questions" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The unanswered questions</a>.</p>
<p>There are other questions on this site about why these questions are unanswered:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/q/3543/254">14 questions left unanswered</a></li>
<li><a href="https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/a/1967/254">Where does a person go after attaining Nirvana?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/q/3956/254">Why are the 16 Unwise Reflections (“shall I exist in future” etc.) considered unwise?</a></li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>Views or beliefs about the self are called &quot;identity views&quot;. Buddhism suggests that on the path towards enlightenment we need to &quot;eradicate&quot; identity views. I asked about what that means in this question: <a href="https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/q/5862/254">What are examples of identity-view?</a> the answers to which seem relevant to your questions.</p>
<hr />
<p>There are other articles here on that subject:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="http://www.wildmind.org/blogs/on-practice/if-buddhism-teaches-non-self-anatta-then-who-meditates" rel="nofollow noreferrer">If Buddhism teaches non-self (anatta), then who meditates?</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>But that thought is a bit like the idea primitive man may have felt, looking at nature. The wind blows, the leaves rustle, the rain falls. There must be “someone” making this all happen! And so they imagined a god or gods who were doing these things.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><a href="http://www.wildmind.org/blogs/on-practice/the-empty-room-the-plagiarist-and-the-boys-in-the-basement" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The difficulty of getting our heads around “non-self”</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>The Buddha didn’t actually teach that there is no self. I, and other teachers, often say that there’s no self, but this is just shorthand for saying that the kind of self you think you have doesn’t exist. The self you don’t have — the illusory self — is usually thought of as a unitary entity that sits inside you, pulling all your disparate experiences and actions into a single whole. It’s also in charge. And it’s conscious. You don’t have this kind of self — or in short-hand, you don’t have a self. Therefore you don’t have a self to lose, and those problems of “how to live without a self” don’t arise. You already don’t have a self, and you already do just fine. What you do have is an illusion of having a self, and that illusion makes you do less fine than if you got rid of it. The trouble is that once you believe you have a self, and you recognize that your self isn’t happy a lot of the time, you have to start wondering what kind of self you have. It’s obviously lacking! Maybe it’s broken! Maybe it’s not as good as other people’s selves! The illusory self becomes a real burden and gets in the way of our being happy.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
 295: <p>Buddhism says there is no core which is unchanging and nor an entity with absolute control over anything we call me or mine. Also, the practice is somewhat geared towards eliminating the notion of a permanent controlling self-identity view as this gives you a yard stick to measure yourself against others, which causes misery. So in conventional wisdom, it is you who attains the truth, although the notion of self will eventually be abandoned.</p>
 8157: <p>'<strong>Our</strong>' body &amp; mind does not perish with time. Instead, <strong>the</strong> body &amp; mind perish with time. To quote:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Then, friend Yamaka, how would you answer if you are thus asked: A
  monk, a worthy one, with no more mental effluents: what is he on the
  break-up of the body, after death?</p>
  
  <p>Thus asked, I would answer, 'Form is impermanent... Feeling...
  Perception... Fabrications... Consciousness is impermanent. That which
  is impermanent is unsatisfactory. That which is unsatisfactory has ceased and
  gone to its end.'</p>
  
  <p>Very good, my friend Yamaka.</p>
  
  <p><a href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn22/sn22.085.than.html" rel="nofollow">SN 22.85</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p>It is <strong>the</strong> <strong>mind (<em>citta</em>)</strong> that attains the truth &amp; is liberated. </p>

<p>That is why liberation in Buddhism is called 'ceto-vimutti' or 'citta-vimutti' ('liberation of mind') rather than 'atta-vimutti' (liberation of self). </p>

<p>That is why meditation is called 'citta-bhāvanaṃ' (development of mind) rather than 'atta-bhāvanaṃ' (development of self). </p>

<blockquote>
  <p>akuppā <strong>ceto</strong>vimutti, etadatthamidaṃ brāhmaṇa brahmacariyaṃ, etaṃ
  sāraṃ, etaṃ pariyosānanti</p>
  
  <p>The unshakable freedom of <strong>mind</strong>: That is the purpose of this holy
  life, that is its heartwood, that is its final culmination.</p>
  
  <p><a href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.030.than.html" rel="nofollow">MN 30</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p>~</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Visaṅkhāragataṃ <strong>cittaṃ</strong> taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā</p>
  
  <p><strong>The</strong> <strong>mind</strong> has reached the Unconditioned; attained the destruction of craving.</p>
  
  <p>Dhp XI</p>
</blockquote>

<p>The question of "who" is explained in the <a href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn12/sn12.012.nypo.html" rel="nofollow">Phagguna Sutta</a>, about how the body, mind, sense experience, feelings, craving &amp; clinging are not a "who"; about how the idea or sense of "who" arises later at 'becoming'. </p>

<blockquote>
  <p>"Who, O Lord, has a sense-impression?"</p>
  
  <p>"The question is not correct," said the Exalted One. "I do not say that 'he has a sense-impression'...the correct way to ask the question will
  be 'What is the condition of sense-impression?' And to that the
  correct reply is: 'The sixfold sense-base is a condition of
  sense-impression, and sense-impression is the condition of feeling.'"</p>
  
  <p>"Who, O Lord, feels?"</p>
  
  <p>"The question is not correct," said the Exalted One. "I do not say
  that 'he feels.'...the correct way to ask
  the question will be 'What is the condition of feeling?' And to that
  the correct reply is: 'sense-impression is the condition of feeling;
  and feeling is the condition of craving.'"</p>
  
  <p>"Who, O Lord, craves?"</p>
  
  <p>"The question is not correct," said the Exalted One. "I do not say
  that 'he craves.'...the correct way to ask
  the question will be 'What is the condition of craving?' And to that
  the correct reply is: 'Feeling is the condition of craving, and
  craving is the condition of clinging.'"</p>
  
  <p>"Who, O Lord, clings?"</p>
  
  <p>"The question is not correct," said the Exalted One, "I do not say
  that 'he clings.'...the correct way to ask
  the question will be 'What is the condition of clinging?' And to that
  the correct reply is: 'Craving is the condition of clinging; and
  clinging is the condition of the process of <strong>becoming</strong>.' Such is the
  origin of this entire mass of suffering</p>
</blockquote>
