user-1: Namo Buddhaya!
People always ask "How are you?", "Isn't that beautiful/horrible", "You are so lucky/unlucky!", "Did you enjoy/like that", and so on.

How do I respond to these things in a way that doesn't identify with
  the aspects that cause clinging, such as saying my day is good and
  favorable rather than bad or saying I dislike this meal, and so on.
  More specifically, how do I respond to these and other questions like
  so in a way that doesn't push toward a worldly condition such as
  pleasure and pain, status and disgrace, etc.?

Metta!

user2282: I don't think regular normal response like: "I'm fine, thank you" to regular normal greetings like "How are you?" would increase or decrease worldly condition like clinging or greed or aversion. About questions like "isn't that beautiful/horrible?", maybe simply telling them the truth that there're always beautiful and ugly aspects to all conditioned phenomena, like a coin would not exist without both faces. Similarly for like/dislike about a particular meal, some people will like it, and others will not; even when it's really a terrible meal, to someone who's been starving for a few days, it's still the most wonderful meal s/he's ever had! This way, not only you give truthful answers but also provide an opportunity for your friend to take a step back and give some further thoughts about the real nature of existence, provided that s/he's a thoughtful person obviously. But even if they're not, there's no harm in any of the answers you've just provided above. 

user151: Ideally, I'd consider their meaning and  answer while I try to mindfuly guard for identifing with the aspects that cause clinging. I'd also try to communicate with metta where there is not nessasarily a seperation between anyone or anything at some heart level I would be chanting myself into. Mindfulness and metta together are powerful. 

user295: Conversations may make one feel superior/inferior, good/bad, etc. Your conversation response can be anything within the bounds of right speech (abstaining from lying, from divisive speech, from abusive speech, & from idle chatter). Your mental response should be on account of whatever feeling that arises either pleasant, unpleasant or neutral one should know the sensation as such and that it is impermanent and not worth clinging to.

If he feels a pleasant feeling,

he understands that it is impermanent;
he understands that it is not to be clung to;
he understands that there is no delight in it.

If he feels a painful feeling,

he understands that it is impermanent;
he understands that it is not to be clung to;
he understands that there is no delight in it.

If he feels a neutral feeling,

he understands that it is impermanent;
he understands that it is not to be clung to;
he understands that there is no delight in it.

If he feels a pleasant feeling, he feels it in a detached manner.
If he feels a painful feeling, he feels it in a detached manner.
If he feels a neutral feeling, he feels it in a detached manner.

Dhātu Vibhaṅga Sutta

-1: <p>Namo Buddhaya!</p>

<p>People always ask "How are you?", "Isn't that beautiful/horrible", "You are so lucky/unlucky!", "Did you enjoy/like that", and so on.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>How do I respond to these things in a way that doesn't identify with
  the aspects that cause clinging, such as saying my day is good and
  favorable rather than bad or saying I dislike this meal, and so on.
  More specifically, how do I respond to these and other questions like
  so in a way that doesn't push toward a worldly condition such as
  pleasure and pain, status and disgrace, etc.?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Metta!</p>
 2282: <p>I don't think regular normal response like: "I'm fine, thank you" to regular normal greetings like "How are you?" would increase or decrease worldly condition like clinging or greed or aversion. About questions like "isn't that beautiful/horrible?", maybe simply telling them the truth that there're always beautiful and ugly aspects to all conditioned phenomena, like a coin would not exist without both faces. Similarly for like/dislike about a particular meal, some people will like it, and others will not; even when it's really a terrible meal, to someone who's been starving for a few days, it's still the most wonderful meal s/he's ever had! This way, not only you give truthful answers but also provide an opportunity for your friend to take a step back and give some further thoughts about the real nature of existence, provided that s/he's a thoughtful person obviously. But even if they're not, there's no harm in any of the answers you've just provided above. </p>
 151: <p>Ideally, I'd consider their meaning and  answer while I try to mindfuly guard for identifing with the aspects that cause clinging. I'd also try to communicate with metta where there is not nessasarily a seperation between anyone or anything at some heart level I would be chanting myself into. Mindfulness and metta together are powerful. </p>
 295: <p>Conversations may make one feel superior/inferior, good/bad, etc. Your conversation response can be anything within the bounds of <a href="https://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/dhamma/sacca/sacca4/samma-vaca/index.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">right speech</a> (abstaining from lying, from divisive speech, from abusive speech, &amp; from idle chatter). Your mental response should be on account of whatever feeling that arises either pleasant, unpleasant or neutral one should know the sensation as such and that it is impermanent and not worth clinging to.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>If he feels a pleasant feeling,</p>
<ul>
<li>he understands that it is impermanent;</li>
<li>he understands that it is not to be clung to;</li>
<li>he understands that there is no delight in it.</li>
</ul>
<p>If he feels a painful feeling,</p>
<ul>
<li>he understands that it is impermanent;</li>
<li>he understands that it is not to be clung to;</li>
<li>he understands that there is no delight in it.</li>
</ul>
<p>If he feels a neutral feeling,</p>
<ul>
<li>he understands that it is impermanent;</li>
<li>he understands that it is not to be clung to;</li>
<li>he understands that there is no delight in it.</li>
</ul>
<p>If he feels a pleasant feeling, he feels it in a detached manner.</p>
<p>If he feels a painful feeling, he feels it in a detached manner.</p>
<p>If he feels a neutral feeling, he feels it in a detached manner.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.themindingcentre.org/dharmafarer/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/4.17-Dhatu-Vibhanga-S-m140-piya.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Dhātu Vibhaṅga Sutta</a></p>
