user1570: This question has probably been asked before, but could not find it. With the possibility of recording RAW video on a DSLR, file size matters because CF cards are limited.
File size can be reduced by recording at 720p as opposed to 1080p. First of all, how do I compute the size needed for a certain resolution? I presume it would be 

file_size_per_second = height x width x 14 x fps

and the result must be divided by some compression factor, I guess, otherwise the number would be too large.
Now, the second question is: for practical purposes, how does the size of the screen need to be  be in order to be able to notice differences between 1080p and 720p? Or, perhaps, does it also depend on what is being recorded?
I'm asking this question, because I would go for 720p to save some space if it did not affect video quality significantly. 

user1414: If you are recording RAW then you need to know what that really means, is there any compression or not ? You also need to know the colour space, RGB or YCbCr and if chrominance subsampling is involved.
It's only realistic to assume that the compression is lossless and in a real world example we would be looking at a worst case scenario of not being able to compress any better than the original amount of data. That's also assuming that such compression doesn't expand the data.
It seems that you are considering 14 bit video, as in 14 bit per colour channel. If I assume you are talking about uncompressed video, for RGB and YCbCr at 4:4:4 that means you need
width x height x 3 x 2 x fps bytes per second
To explain the constants:

There are 3 colour channels
You need 2 bytes to store 14 bits - it is unlikely (but not impossible) that the software is going to be packing multiple 14 bits together without gaps in between. 

Check QuickTime's v216 format for an example of how 14 bits are typically encoded - 2 bytes.
For YCbCr 4:2:2 you will get 2 pixels encoded in 8 bytes (4 channels = Y0, U, V, Y1; at 2 bytes each) in this case the rate is
(width/2) x height x 8 x fps bytes per second
I'm assuming that your images are an even number of pixels across. Note that in all these calculations I'm assuming there are no padding bytes added to each line for memory alignment A.K.A. 'stride'.
Let's plug in some numbers for 30 fps:

1080P at RGB/YCbCr 4:4:4 = 356 MB/s
720P at RGB/YCbCr 4:4:4 = 158 MB/s
1080P at YCbCr 4:2:2 = 237 MB/s
720P at YCbCr 4:2:2 = 105 MB/s

If the RAW format is very raw, then you may have to recompute for demosaicking of colour filters.

user2836: Keep in mind that it is 14 bit color and there are 8 bits to a byte.  So the uncompressed data rate would be height * width * 14 bits per pixel / 8 bits per byte * fps.  That said, I'm not sure if they store it completely uncompressed.  RAW images are generally compressed significantly, they are just compressed losslessly.  I'm not sure if the MagicLantern hack uses compression or not though.
As far as screen size for noticing the difference between 720p and 1080p, it doesn't have to be big.  Viewing distance makes a bigger difference, but it's fully possible to tell the difference between 1080p and 720p even on screens that are inches in size as long as they actually support 1080p and are viewed from fairly close.
While I wasn't able to find a CC version, Carlton Bale has a nice graph on his site that shows the screen sizes and distances at which 20/20 vision can resolve the differences.  Note that someone with higher than 20/20 vision would see the differences further out.  It unfortunately only goes from 20 inch displays up though.  
In closer, it might be easier to use a pixels per inch measure.  Photographs are typically suggested to be printed at 300dpi or higher when in close.  A 4.7 inch screen at 720p has around 312 ppi.  Uping that to a 1080p resolution at 5 inches or so has a PPI of 415.  At arms length, it isn't going to be noticeable, but when you get in close to it, say watching in bed with it a few inches from your face, the difference will become quite noticeable.
Thinking about it another way, it really all has to do with how big of an area of your vision the screen takes.  So using a 50 inch screen as a guideline, if the display takes up the area of your vision that a 50 inch TV takes when sitting 8 to 10 feet away, then you won't see better than 720p with 20/20 vision.  If it is taking more than that area, then you will easily be able to see the difference.

1570: <p>This question has probably been asked before, but could not find it. With the possibility of recording RAW video on a DSLR, file size matters because CF cards are limited.<br>
File size can be reduced by recording at 720p as opposed to 1080p. First of all, how do I compute the size needed for a certain resolution? I presume it would be </p>

<blockquote>
  <p>file_size_per_second = height x width x 14 x fps</p>
</blockquote>

<p>and the result must be divided by some compression factor, I guess, otherwise the number would be too large.<br>
Now, the second question is: for practical purposes, how does the size of the screen need to be  be in order to be able to notice differences between 1080p and 720p? Or, perhaps, does it also depend on what is being recorded?<br>
I'm asking this question, because I would go for 720p to save some space if it did not affect video quality significantly. </p>
 1414: <p>If you are recording RAW then you need to know what that really means, is there any compression or not ? You also need to know the colour space, RGB or YCbCr and if chrominance subsampling is involved.</p>

<p>It's only realistic to assume that the compression is lossless and in a real world example we would be looking at a worst case scenario of not being able to compress any better than the original amount of data. That's also assuming that such compression doesn't expand the data.</p>

<p>It seems that you are considering 14 bit video, as in 14 bit per colour channel. If I assume you are talking about uncompressed video, for RGB and YCbCr at 4:4:4 that means you need</p>

<p>width x height x 3 x 2 x fps bytes per second</p>

<p>To explain the constants:</p>

<ol>
<li>There are 3 colour channels</li>
<li>You need 2 bytes to store 14 bits - it is unlikely (but not impossible) that the software is going to be packing multiple 14 bits together without gaps in between. </li>
</ol>

<p>Check QuickTime's v216 format for an example of how 14 bits are typically encoded - 2 bytes.</p>

<p>For YCbCr 4:2:2 you will get 2 pixels encoded in 8 bytes (4 channels = Y0, U, V, Y1; at 2 bytes each) in this case the rate is</p>

<p>(width/2) x height x 8 x fps bytes per second</p>

<p>I'm assuming that your images are an even number of pixels across. Note that in all these calculations I'm assuming there are no padding bytes added to each line for memory alignment A.K.A. 'stride'.</p>

<p>Let's plug in some numbers for 30 fps:</p>

<ul>
<li>1080P at RGB/YCbCr 4:4:4 = 356 MB/s</li>
<li>720P at RGB/YCbCr 4:4:4 = 158 MB/s</li>
<li>1080P at YCbCr 4:2:2 = 237 MB/s</li>
<li>720P at YCbCr 4:2:2 = 105 MB/s</li>
</ul>

<p>If the RAW format is very raw, then you may have to recompute for demosaicking of colour filters.</p>
 2836: <p>Keep in mind that it is 14 bit color and there are 8 bits to a byte.  So the uncompressed data rate would be height * width * 14 bits per pixel / 8 bits per byte * fps.  That said, I'm not sure if they store it completely uncompressed.  RAW images are generally compressed significantly, they are just compressed losslessly.  I'm not sure if the MagicLantern hack uses compression or not though.</p>

<p>As far as screen size for noticing the difference between 720p and 1080p, it doesn't have to be big.  Viewing distance makes a bigger difference, but it's fully possible to tell the difference between 1080p and 720p even on screens that are inches in size as long as they actually support 1080p and are viewed from fairly close.</p>

<p>While I wasn't able to find a CC version, Carlton Bale has a <a href="http://s3.carltonbale.com/resolution_chart.html" rel="nofollow">nice graph on his site</a> that shows the screen sizes and distances at which 20/20 vision can resolve the differences.  Note that someone with higher than 20/20 vision would see the differences further out.  It unfortunately only goes from 20 inch displays up though.  </p>

<p>In closer, it might be easier to use a pixels per inch measure.  Photographs are typically suggested to be printed at 300dpi or higher when in close.  A 4.7 inch screen at 720p has around 312 ppi.  Uping that to a 1080p resolution at 5 inches or so has a PPI of 415.  At arms length, it isn't going to be noticeable, but when you get in close to it, say watching in bed with it a few inches from your face, the difference will become quite noticeable.</p>

<p>Thinking about it another way, it really all has to do with how big of an area of your vision the screen takes.  So using a 50 inch screen as a guideline, if the display takes up the area of your vision that a 50 inch TV takes when sitting 8 to 10 feet away, then you won't see better than 720p with 20/20 vision.  If it is taking more than that area, then you will easily be able to see the difference.</p>
