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ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ุนู…ุฑ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุจุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจุนูŠุฑุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠุฑ ุงู„ูŠุณูŠุฑ: ยซูุฑู‘ู‚ูˆุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูŠุงยป.
โ€˜Umar ibn Khattab advised that slaves, donkeys and sheep, and even things of little worth, be kept separate in case they shared a common fate.
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุงุจู† ุณูŠุฑูŠู† ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุญุฑูŠูŠู†: ยซูƒูŠู ุชุตู†ุนูˆู† ุจุฃู…ูˆุงู„ูƒู…ยปุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ยซู†ูุฑู‘ู‚ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูู†ุŒ ูุฅู† ุนุทุจ ุจุนุถ ุณู„ู… ุจุนุถุŒ ูˆู„ูˆู„ุง ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุญู…ู„ู†ุง ุฎุฒุงุฆู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุญุฑยป.
When Ibn Sirine15 asked a fisherman what he and his colleagues did with their money when they went out to sea, he was told that they distributed it among the boats so that if one boat was lost, most of the money would still be safe. The fishermen take their savings out to sea because the risk is, thereby, reduced.
ู‚ุงู„ ุงุจู† ุณูŠุฑูŠู†: ุชุญุณุจู‡ุง ยซุฎุฑู‚ุงุก ูˆู‡ูŠ ุตู†ุงุนยป.
It was Ibn Sirine who coined the saying, โ€œThe spinner may look clumsy but in fact sheโ€™s highly skilledโ€.
ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู…ุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุฅุดูุงู‚ูŠ ุนู„ูŠูƒู…: ยซุฅู†ู‘ ู„ู„ุบู†ู‰ ุณูƒุฑุงุŒ ูˆุงู† ู„ู„ู…ุงู„ ู†ุฒูˆุฉุŒ ูู…ู† ู„ู… ูŠุญูุธ ุงู„ุบู†ู‰ ู…ู† ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุบู†ู‰ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุถุงุนู‡ุ› ูˆู…ู† ู„ู… ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุฎูˆู ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุฃู‡ู…ู„ู‡ยป.
It is because I care about you that I warned you of the intoxicating effect of riches and the inconstancy of wealth. The man who does not protect his fortune from its intoxication has already lost it, just as the man who fails to chain his money to the fear of destitution has neglected it.
ูุนุจุชู…ูˆู†ูŠ ุจุฐู„ูƒุ› ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฒูŠุฏ ุจู† ุฌุจู„ุฉ: ยซู„ูŠุณ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูู‚ุฑ ู…ู† ุบู†ู‘ูŠ ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุŒ ูˆุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุบู†ู‰ ุฃุดุฏู‘ ู…ู† ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฎู…ุฑยป.
For saying that, you reproached me yet Zayd ibn Jabala16 remarked, โ€œNo-one is poorer than the rich man who feels secure from poverty. The intoxication of wealth is stronger than that of wineโ€.
ูˆู‚ู„ุชู…: ยซู‚ุฏ ู„ุฒู… ุงู„ุญุซู‘ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุฒู‡ูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูุถูˆู„ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฃุดุนุงุฑู‡ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุฑุณุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฎุทุจู‡ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุณุงุฆุฑ ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ุ› ูู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุจู† ุฎุงู„ุฏ:
You went on to say,He [where โ€˜heโ€™ means me] insists upon rights and obligations and counsels thrift to the point where he now incorporates it in his poetry as well as in his letters, and in his sermons as well as daily conversation. He had this to say about Yahya ibn Khalid:
ุนุฏูˆู‘ ุชู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ููŠู…ุง ูŠู†ูˆุจู‡โ€ฆ ู…ู†ูˆุน ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู…ู†ุนู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฃุญุฒู…ุง! ูˆู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฒูŠุงุฏ: ูˆุฎู„ูŠู‚ุชุงู†: ุชู‚ู‰ ูˆูุถู„ ุชุญุฑู‘ู…โ€ฆ ูˆุฅู‡ุงู†ุฉุŒ ููŠ ุญู‚ู‡ุŒ ู„ู„ู…ุงู„!
He rifles his capital and subjects it to abuses Yet he can be tight-fisted with it any time he chooses. About Muhammad ibn Ziyad he wrote: He is a man with two fine traits: his piety andhis virtue But he neglects to pay on time the debts he really ought to.
ูˆุนุจุชู…ูˆู†ูŠ ุญูŠู† ุฒุนู…ุช ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุ› ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจู‡ ูŠุบุงุซ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุจู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ู†ููˆุณุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุชุนุฑู ูุถูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู….
You criticised me for according wealth precedence over learning, yet it is money that supports the scholar and sustains the soul before the virtues of learning can be appreciated.
ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฃุญู‚ ุจุงู„ุชูุถูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑุนุŒ ูˆุฃู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช: ยซูˆุฅู† ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณุชุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ููˆุณุŒ ูุฅู†ุง ุจุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู†ุณุชุจูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุฎู„ู‘ุฉ ู†ุนู…ู‰ยป.
Money is the root that deserves priority over the branch. We perceive with the mind but do so only in conditions of material sufficiency. It is poverty that blinds us.
ูˆู‚ู„ุชู…: ยซูˆูƒูŠู ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ูŠู„ ู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุงุก ูˆู…ู‚ุฏู‘ู… ุงู„ุฃุฏุจุงุก: ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู… ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุกุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ุจู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู‚ูŠู„: ูู…ุง ุจุงู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูŠุฃุชูˆู† ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุกุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุกุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุจูุถู„ ุงู„ุบู†ู‰ุŒ ูˆู„ุฌู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ุจูุถู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ยป.
Oh, but how could I say such a thing, you wondered? After all, the venerable doctor, when asked whether scholars or the rich were superior, had replied,โ€œScholars, of course.โ€โ€œThen why do scholars visit the rich more often than the rich beat a path to scholarsโ€™ doors?โ€ โ€œBecause scholars know the virtues of wealth but the rich are ignorant of the virtues of learning.โ€
ูู‚ู„ุช: ุญุงู„ู‡ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุงุ› ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠุณุชูˆูŠ ุดูŠุก ุชุฑู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุดูŠุก ูŠุบู†ูŠ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ููŠู‡ ุนู† ุจุนุถยปุŸ.
I countered by pointing out that it is the respective status of each which is the decisive factor โ€“ namely, how can something that everyone obviously needs be on a par with what some folk can do without?
ูˆุนุจุชู…ูˆู†ูŠ ุญูŠู† ู‚ู„ุช: ยซุฅู† ูุถู„ ุงู„ุบู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุชุŒ ุฅู†ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒูุถู„ ุงู„ุขู„ุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑุŒ ุฅู† ุงุญุชูŠุฌ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ุชุŒ ูˆุฅู† ุงุณุชุบู†ูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุฏู‘ุฉยป.
You criticised me for claiming that the superiority of money to food consists in its being like a tool you have at home that is used when needed and otherwise kept in readiness.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุถูŠู† ุจู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฐุฑ: ยซูˆุฏุฏุช ุฃู† ู„ูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุฃุญุฏ ุฐู‡ุจุง ู„ุง ุฃู†ุชูุน ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุดูŠุกยป.
Yet Hudhayn ibn Mundhir17 declared, โ€œI wish I had the weight of Mount Uhud in gold and never had to touch it.โ€
ู‚ูŠู„: ยซูู…ุง ูŠู†ูุนูƒ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒยปุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ยซู„ูƒุซุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูŠุฎุฏู…ู†ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ยป. ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฃูŠุถุง: ยซุนู„ูŠูƒ ุจุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุบู†ู‰ุŒ ูู„ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุฒู‘ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจูƒุŒ ูˆุดุจู‡ุฉ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุบูŠุฑูƒุŒ ู„ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญุธ ููŠู‡ ุฌุณูŠู…ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูุน ููŠู‡ ุนุธูŠู…ุงยป.
โ€œThen what good would it do you?โ€ he was asked.โ€œIt would make people grovel! A man should seek wealth, if only as a source of pride to himself and uncertainty to others. That alone would make its pleasure tangible and its benefit sublime.โ€
ูˆู„ุณู†ุง ู†ุฏุน ุณูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูุงุกุŒ ูˆุชุฃุฏูŠุจ ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุงุกุŒ ู„ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ุฃู‡ูˆุงุก.
I have no intention of letting men of heretical tendencies claim a monopoly on the example of the prophets, the teaching of the caliphs and the counsel of the wise.
ูƒุงู† ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‘ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู‘ู… ูŠุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ุจุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุงู„ุบู†ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ุจุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุงู„ุฏุฌุงุฌ.
It was the Prophetโ€™s custom after a successful raid to instruct the rich to take the sheep and the poor to take the chickens.
ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุง: ยซุฏุฑู‡ู…ูƒ ู„ู…ุนุงุดูƒุŒ ูˆุฏูŠู†ูƒ ู„ู…ุนุงุฏูƒยป. ูู‚ุณู‘ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุงุŒ ุซู… ุฌุนู„ูˆุง ุฃุญุฏ ู‚ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุนุŒ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‡ู….
They all maintained that โ€œyour money is for this life and your faith is for the nextโ€. They divided human affairs into the religious and the secular โ€“ and by the secular, they meant cash.
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฃุจูˆ ุจูƒุฑ ุงู„ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฑุถูˆุงู†ู‡: ยซุฅู†ูŠ ู„ุฃุจุบุถ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูŠู†ูู‚ูˆู† ุฑุฒู‚ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ยปุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุจุบุถูˆู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู„ู„ุญู…ูŠู†.
Abu Bakr18 said that he loathed noble families who spent in one day what ought to last for days, while those who ate meat regularly were unanimously disliked.
ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ุดุงู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ยซุถุน ุงู„ุฏุฑู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‡ู…ุŒ ูŠูƒู‘ูˆู† ู…ุงู„ุง.
Hisham ibn โ€˜Abdulmalik19 advised, โ€œTo make a fortune, keep placing one dirham on top of another.โ€
ูˆู†ู‡ู‰ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฏุคู„ูŠุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุญูƒูŠู…ุง ุฃุฏูŠุจุงุŒ ูˆุฏุงู‡ูŠุง ุฃุฑูŠุจุงุŒ ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏูƒู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ู‘ุฏุŒ ูˆุนู† ูƒุฑู…ูƒู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชุญุฏุซุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฅุจู†ู‡: ยซุฅุฐุง ุจุณุท ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฒู‚ ูุงุจุณุทุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู‚ุจุถ ูุงู‚ุจุถุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุชุฌุงูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู†ูƒยป.
Abuโ€™l Aswad Duโ€™ali20 was a clever, wise, learned and resourceful man who would never have countenanced this new-fangled generosity of yours. โ€œIf the Lord extends His blessing unto you,โ€ he told his son, โ€œextend yourself accordingly and if things get tight then exercise restraint. Do not try to compete against Godโ€™s generosity, for He is infinitely more generous.
ูˆู‚ุงู„: ยซุฏุฑู‡ู… ู…ู† ุญู„ู‘ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ููŠ ุญู‚ุŒ ุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุขู„ุงู ู‚ุจุถุงยป.
An honest dirham spent in settling a debt is better than ten thousand in your hand.โ€
ูˆุชู„ู‚ู‘ุท ุนุฑุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ุจุฑู… ูู‚ุงู„: ยซุชุถูŠุนูˆู† ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆุช ุงู…ุฑู‰ุก ู…ุณู„ู… ูŠูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ยปุŸ! ูˆุชู„ู‚ุท ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฏุงุก ุญุจู‘ุงุช ุญู†ุทุฉุŒ ูู†ู‡ุงู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุณุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„: ยซุฅูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุงุจู† ุงู„ุนุจุณูŠุฉุŒ ุฅู† ูู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุก ุฑูู‚ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุนูŠุดุชู‡ยป.
He once scraped out the residue from the bottom of a cooking pot and asked, โ€œDoes this just go to waste ? Thereโ€™s a whole dayโ€™s food here for a God-fearing man! โ€When a spendthrift mocked Abuโ€™l Dardaโ€™ for picking up a few grains of com, he replied, โ€œA thrifty lifestyle is the mark of a manโ€™s understanding.โ€
ูู„ุณุชู… ุนู„ูŠู‘ ุชุฑุฏู‘ูˆู† ูˆู„ุง ุฑุฃูŠูŠ ุชูู†ุฏูˆู†ุŒ ูู‚ุฏู‘ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนุฒู…ุŒ ูˆุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู…ุง ู„ูƒู…. ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ยป.
So, you see, it is not just my personal opinion you dissent from and reject. Reflect very carefully before reaching conclusions and remember what you owe to others before recalling their debts to you. Peace upon you.
ุฃู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†:
The People of Khurasan:
ยซู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†ยปุŒ ู„ุฅูƒุซุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฃู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†ุŒ ูˆู†ุฎุต ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู‡ู„ ยซู…ุฑูˆยปุŒ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ุฎุตูˆุง ุจู‡:
Because so much is said about their meanness, let us begin with the people of Khurasan and, in particular, the city of Marw,21 whose inhabitants folk single out for special comment.
ู‚ุงู„ ุฃุตุญุงุจู†ุง: ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฒูŠ ู„ู„ุฒุงุฆุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุชุงู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู„ุฌู„ูŠุณุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุทุงู„ ุฌู„ูˆุณู‡: ยซุชุบุฏู‘ูŠุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ยปุŸ ูุฅู† ู‚ุงู„ ยซู†ุนู…ยปุŒ ู‚ุงู„: ยซู„ูˆู„ุง ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุบุฏู‘ูŠุช ู„ุบุฏู‘ูŠุชูƒ ุจุบุฏุงุก ุทูŠุจยปุ› ูˆุฅู† ู‚ุงู„: ยซู„ุงยป. ู‚ุงู„: ยซู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุชุบุฏูŠุชุŒ ู„ุณู‚ูŠุชูƒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃู‚ุฏุงุญยป. ูู„ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ูŠุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ูŠู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆู„ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ.
Friends tell me that a Marwi will ask the uninvited visitor or guest who shows no sign of leaving, โ€œHave you had lunch yet?โ€ If he says yes, the Marwi continues, โ€œWhat a pity! If you hadnโ€™t, Iโ€™d have offered you a first-class meal.โ€ And if he says no, the Marwi replies, โ€œWhat a shame! If you had, Iโ€™d be pouring you five glasses of the best.โ€ Either way, the visitor gets nothing.
ูˆูƒู†ุช ููŠ ู…ู†ุฒู„ ยซุงุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฉยป ูˆุฃุตู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุฑูˆุŒ ูุฑุขู†ูŠ ุฃุชูˆุถุฃ ู…ู† ูƒูˆุฒ ุฎุฒูุŒ ูู‚ุงู„: ยซุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุชูˆุถุฃ ุจุงู„ุนุฐุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุฆุฑ ู„ูƒ ู…ุนุฑุถุฉยปุŸ ู‚ู„ุช: ยซู„ูŠุณ ุจุนุฐุจุŒ ุฅู†ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุจุฆุฑยป. ู‚ุงู„: ูุชูุณุฏ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูƒูˆุฒู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู„ูˆุญุฉยป. ูู„ู… ุฃุฏุฑ ูƒูŠู ุฃุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡.
I was once at Ibn abi Karimaโ€™s house (heโ€™s originally from Marw), when he noticed me using water from a porcelain jug to wash with for prayer. โ€œMy God, youโ€™re using drinking water when the well is right beside you!โ€ โ€œThis isnโ€™t drinking water, I filled it from the well.โ€ โ€œSo youโ€™re ruining my jug with salty well-water!โ€I was lost for a reply to that one.
ูˆุญุฏุซู†ูŠ ุนู…ุฑูˆ ุจู† ู†ู‡ูŠูˆูŠ ู‚ุงู„: ยซุชุบุฏู‘ูŠุช ูŠูˆู…ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒู†ุฏูŠุŒูุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุฌู„ ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุฌุงุฑุงุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ูŠ ุตุฏูŠู‚ุงุŒ ูู„ู… ูŠุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฃูƒู„ (ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃุจุฎู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู„ู‡)ุŒ ู‚ุงู„: ยซูุงุณุชุญูŠูŠุช ู…ู†ู‡ยปุŒ ูู‚ู„ุช: ยซุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡! ู„ูˆ ุฏู†ูˆุช ูุฃุตุจุช ู…ุนู†ุง ู…ู…ุง ู†ุฃูƒู„ยป.
I was lunching at Kindiโ€™s22 one day,โ€ โ€˜Amr ibn Nuhaywi told me, โ€œwhen a neighbour of his โ€“ and friend of mine โ€“ dropped by. Although we were eating, Kindi, that stingiest of all Godโ€™s creatures, offered no invitation. I felt embarrassed for the man. โ€˜In Godโ€™s name, sit down and help yourself,โ€™ I told him.โ€œ
ู‚ุงู„: ยซู‚ุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ูุนู„ุชยป. ูู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒู†ุฏูŠ: ยซู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุดูŠุกยป. ู‚ุงู„ ุนู…ุฑูˆ:ยซููƒุชูู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒุชูุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ู…ุนู‡ ู‚ุจุถุง ูˆู„ุง ุจุณุทุงุŒ ูˆุชุฑูƒู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ุฏู‘ ูŠุฏู‡ ู„ูƒุงู† ูƒุงูุฑุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ู„ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ุฌุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฌู„ู‘ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุŒ ุดูŠุฆุง.
โ€˜Iโ€™ve already eaten, begad,โ€™ he replied. Kindi pounced โ€˜Heโ€™s spoken the Lordโ€™s name and thatโ€™s an end of it!โ€™ Kindi had tied up the man with his own words, making it impossible for him to move โ€“ and that was the way he left him. If he had reached out to help himself, Kindi would have accused the man of perjury or made him out to be an infidel!โ€
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู„ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุฑูˆ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„.
While this story does not involve anyone from Marw, it is similar in kind.
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุซู…ุงู…ุฉ: ยซู„ู… ุฃุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒ ููŠ ุจู„ุฏุฉ ู‚ุทู‘ ุฅู„ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ู„ุง ู‚ุทุŒ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุญุจุฉ ุจู…ู†ู‚ุงุฑู‡ุŒ ุซู… ูŠู„ูุธู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฏุฌุงุฌุฉุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฏูŠูƒุฉ ู…ุฑูˆุŒ ูุฅู†ูŠ ุฑุฃูŠุช ุฏูŠูƒุฉ ู…ุฑูˆ ุชุณู„ุจ ุงู„ุฏุฌุงุฌ ู…ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุจยป.
โ€œAnywhere I have been,โ€ remarked Thumama,23 โ€œIโ€™ve always seen the roosters pick up grain in their beaks and drop it in front of the hens โ€“ except in Marw. There, I watched the roosters snatching grain from the hensโ€™ beaks!
ู‚ุงู„: ยซูุนู„ู…ุช ุฅู† ุจุฎู„ู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุทุจุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ูู…ู† ุซู…ู‘ ุนู…ู‘ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุญูŠูˆุงู†ู‡ู…ยป.
It was then I realised that meanness in those parts is something in the composition of the soil and the substance of the water, which is why all the animals are affected, too.
ูุญุฏู‘ุซุช ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฑุดูŠุฏุŒ ูู‚ุงู„: ยซูƒู†ุช ุนู†ุฏ ุดูŠุฎ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุฑูˆุŒ ูˆุตุจูŠู‘ ู„ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠู„ุนุจ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅู…ุง ุนุงุจุซุง ูˆุฅู…ุง ู…ู…ุชุญู†ุง: ยซุฃุทุนู…ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎุจุฒูƒู…ยป. ู‚ุงู„: ยซู„ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏู‡ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑู‘ยป.
When I told this to Ahmad ibn Rashid, he described how he had been at the home of a sheikh from Marw while the sheikhโ€™s young son was playing on the floor in front of him. โ€œGive us some bread,โ€ asked Ahmad, half in jest and half to test the boy.โ€œYou wouldnโ€™t like it, itโ€™s bitter.
ูู‚ู„ุช: ยซูุงุณู‚ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฆูƒู…ยป ู‚ุงู„: ยซู„ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏู‡ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงู„ุญยป. ู‚ู„ุช: ยซู‡ุงุช ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุงยป ู‚ุงู„: ู„ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏู‡ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุงยป. ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏุช ุฃุตู†ุงูุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ู†ุนู†ูŠู‡ ูˆูŠุจุบุถู‡ ุฅู„ูŠู‘. ูุถุญูƒ ุฃุจูˆู‡ ูˆู‚ุงู„: ยซู…ุง ุฐู†ุจู†ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุนู„ู‘ู…ู‡ ู…ุง ุชุณู…ุนยปุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฎู„ ุทุจุน ููŠู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฅุนุฑุงู‚ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุทูŠู†ุชู‡ู….
โ€œThen fetch me some water. โ€ โ€œYou wouldnโ€™t like it, itโ€™s salty. โ€ Ahmad asked for all sorts of things but every time the boy refused and put him off with some excuse. โ€œWell, itโ€™s not my fault!โ€ laughed the boyโ€™s father. โ€œNo-one taught him this!โ€ What he meant was that meanness is stamped in the Marwi character, something in the blood and very fabric of their being.
ูˆุฒุนู… ุฃุตุญุงุจู†ุง ุฃู† ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุฑุงูู‚ูˆุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ูˆุตุจุฑูˆุง ุนู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงู‚ ุจุงู„ู…ุตุจุงุญ ู…ุง ุฃู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุตุจุฑ. ุซู… ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุชู†ุงู‡ุฏูˆุง ูˆุชุฎุงุฑุฌูˆุงุŒ ูˆุฃุจู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุนูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุฃู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑู… ู…ุนู‡ู….
Friends told me about a group of Khurasanis travelling together who put up for the night at an inn. They did without a lamp for as long as possible then joined forces and split the cost of the oil among themselves. One man, however, refused to pay his share.
ููƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฅุฐุง ุฌุงุก ุงู„ู…ุตุจุงุญ ุดุฏู‘ูˆุง ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุจู…ู†ุฏูŠู„ุ› ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ูˆู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠู†ุงู…ูˆุง ูˆูŠุทูุฆูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุตุจุงุญุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุทูุฃูˆู‡ ุฃุทู„ู‚ูˆุง ุนูŠู†ูŠู‡.
So, when the lamp arrived, they tied a handkerchief around his eyes and made him stay blindfolded until they all went to bed and the lamp was put out. Only then was the blindfold removed.
ูˆุฑุฃูŠุช ุฃู†ุง ุญู…ู‘ุงุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฒู‡ุงุก ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฑุฌู„ุงุŒ ูŠุชุบุฏูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุจุงู‚ู„ ุจุญุถุฑุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุจุŒ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูƒูˆูุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ุญุฌู‘ุงุฌ.
I once saw with my own eyes a group of some fifty Khurasanis on pilgrimage together, sitting having lunch in a field near Qaryat Arab, on the road to Kufa.
ูู„ู… ุฃุฑ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† ูŠุฃูƒู„ุงู† ู…ุนุงุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจูˆู†ุŒ ูŠุญุฏู‘ุซ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจุนุถุง. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุบุฑูŠุจ ู…ุง ูŠุชูู‚ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ.
Among the entire group of fifty, I saw no two eating together, although they were sitting side by side and chatting to one another. How peculiar folk can be!
ุญุฏู‘ุซู†ูŠ ู…ูˆูŠุณ ุจู† ุนู…ุฑุงู† ู‚ุงู„: ยซู‚ุงู„ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ุตุงุญุจู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุง ุฅู…ู‘ุง ู…ุชุฒุงู…ู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฅู…ุง ู…ุชุฑุงูู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ยซู„ู… ู„ุง ู†ุชุทุงุนู… ุŸ ูุงู† ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุน ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุฉยปุ› ูˆู…ุง ุฒุงู„ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†: ยซุทุนุงู… ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ูˆุทุนุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉยป.
Muways ibn โ€˜Imran25 told me about two Khurasanis travelling together (either both on foot or riding pillion). โ€œWhy donโ€™t we eat together?โ€ one asked the other. โ€œCompanyโ€™s a godsend and the Lord extends his blessing on the group. The saying goes that food for two is enough for three and what does for three is plenty for four.โ€
ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุตุงุญุจู‡: ยซู„ูˆู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู†ูƒ ุขูƒู„ ู…ู†ูŠ ู„ุฃุฏุฎู„ุช ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ุจุงุจ ุงู„ู†ุตูŠุญุฉยป.
โ€œIโ€™d say that was nice, friendly advice if I didnโ€™t know that you eat more than me.โ€
ูู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุบุฏุŒ ูˆุฃุนุงุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ยซูŠุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุนูƒ ุฑุบูŠูุŒ ูˆู…ุนูŠ ุฑุบูŠูุ› ูˆู„ูˆู„ุง ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑู‘ุŒ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุญุฑุตูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุคุงูƒู„ุชูŠ.
The next day, the first man made the same suggestion.โ€œListen, friend,โ€ came the reply, โ€œyouโ€™ve got your loaf and Iโ€™ve got mine. Youโ€™d not be so keen on us eating together unless you were up to no good.
ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ูˆุงู„ู…ุคุงู†ุณุฉุŸ ุงุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏุงุŒ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุบูŠู ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‘ุง ู‚ุฏู‘ุงู… ุตุงุญุจู‡ ูˆู…ุง ุฃุดูƒ ุฃู†ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒู„ุช ุฑุบูŠููƒุŒ ูˆู†ุตู ุฑุบูŠููŠุŒ ุณุชุฌุฏู‡ ู…ุจุงุฑูƒุง. ุฅู†ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ุฃุฌุฏู‡ ุฃู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ุฃู†ุช.
You want to chat and be sociable? Then lay one tray and let each of us place his own rations in front of him. I have no doubt that, once youโ€™ve finished off your loaf and half of mine, youโ€™ll think it a blessing indeed. But the blessing is for me to find, not you!โ€
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฎุงู‚ุงู† ุจู† ุตุจูŠุญ: ยซุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู† ู„ูŠู„ุงุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุฃุชุงู†ุง ุจู…ุณุฑุฌุฉุŒ ููŠู‡ุง ูุชูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู‚ู‘ุฉุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุฃู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุฏู‡ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฑุฌุฉ ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ู† ู…ู„ุญุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุนู„ู‘ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฑุฉ ุนูˆุฏุง ุจุฎูŠุทุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุญุฒู‘ ููŠู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู„ุฑู‘ุจุงุท.
Khaqan ibn Subayh told me of the night he called upon a Khurasani who opened the door to him holding a lamp with an extremely thin wick. This Khurasani had mixed a little salt in the oil and attached a twig by a thread to the lamp-stand. The twig had a notch cut into it for the thread to go around.
ููƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตุจุงุญุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงุฏ ูŠู†ุทูู‰ุก ุฃุดุฎุต ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ูุชูŠู„ุฉ ุจุฐู„ูƒยป.
Whenever the lamp was about to go out, the Khurasani used this twig to lift up the end of the wick.
ู‚ุงู„: ยซูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ู…ุง ุจุงู„ ุงู„ุนูˆุฏ ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุงยปุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ยซู‡ุฐุง ุนูˆุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุชุดุฑู‘ุจ ุงู„ุฏู‡ู†ุŒ ูุฅู† ุถุงุน ูˆู„ู… ูŠุญูุธ ุงุญุชุฌู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุทุดุงู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฏุฃุจู†ุง ูˆุฏุฃุจู‡ุŒ ุถุงุน ู…ู† ุฏู‡ู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู„ูŠู„ุฉยป.
โ€œWhy do you keep the twig attached ?โ€ asked Khaqan.โ€œThis particular twig has become soaked through with oil,โ€ the Khurasani answered. โ€œIf itโ€™s not kept safe, it will get lost and then Iโ€™d need a new and thirsty one. If that happened regularly, Iโ€™d lose in a month enough oil for a whole night!โ€
ู‚ุงู„: ยซูุจูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชุนุฌุจู‘ ููŠ ู†ูุณูŠุŒ ูˆุฃุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌู„ู‘ ูˆุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฑุŒ ุฅุฐ ุฏุฎู„ ุดูŠุฎ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุฑูˆุŒ ูู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูˆุฏ ูู‚ุงู„: ยซูŠุง ุฃุจุง ูู„ุงู† ูุฑุฑุช ู…ู† ุดูŠุก ูˆูˆู‚ุนุช ููŠ ุดูŠุก.
While Khaqan was recovering from his astonishment and trying to keep a straight face, a Marwi sheikh dropped by. The sheikh spotted the twig.โ€œMy friend,โ€ he told the Khurasani, โ€œyouโ€™ve solved one problem only to land yourself another.
ุฃู…ุง ุชุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ูˆุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุชุฃุฎุฐูˆุงู† ู…ู† ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŸ ุฃูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจุงุฑุญุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุฅุทูุงุก ุงู„ุณุฑุงุฌ ุฃุฑูˆู‰ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุฅุณุฑุงุฌูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฃุนุทุด ุŸ ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงู‡ู„ุง ู…ุซู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ูˆูู‘ู‚ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุดุฏ! ุงุฑุจุทุŒ ุนุงูุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุนูˆุฏ ุฅุจุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณู„ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ.
Do you not realise the sun and wind dry things out? Wasnโ€™t your twig drier tonight when you lit the lamp than it was last night when you put it out? I, too, was once in ignorance like you. Instead of a twig, you should keep a pin or small needle attached.
ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุตุจุฉ ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุนู„ู‘ู‚ุช ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุนุฑุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุทู† ุงู„ูุชูŠู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุณูˆู‘ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู‡ุง ููŠุดุฎุต ู„ู‡ุง. ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุจุจุง ู„ุง ู†ุทูุงุก ุงู„ุณุฑุงุฌ. ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃู…ู„ุณุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุดุงูยป.
When you adjust it, a thread from the wick might catch on the twig (or toothpick or splinter of cane) and the lamp will go out. However, not only is iron non-absorbent, it is also much smoother than wood.โ€
ู‚ุงู„ ุฎุงู‚ุงู†: ยซูููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุนุฑูุช ูุถู„ ุงู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูˆูุถู„ ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุฑูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†ยป.
โ€œThat night,โ€ concluded Khaqan, โ€œI realised the superiority of Khurasanis to the rest of mankind and the superiority of the people of Marw to other Khurasanis!โ€
ู‚ุงู„ ู…ุซู†ู‘ู‰ ุจู† ุจุดูŠุฑ: ุฏุฎู„ ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุฎ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุตุจุญ ููŠ ู…ุณุฑุฌุฉ ุฎุฒูุŒ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฒููŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑ.
Muthanna ibn Bashir described a visit of Abu โ€˜Abdullah, himself from Marw, to the home of a Khurasani sheikh. Entering the house, he noticed a lamp burning โ€“ one of those green-coloured, porcelain types.
ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ: ู„ุง ูŠุฌูŠุก ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู†ูƒุŒ ู…ู† ุตุงู„ุญ ุฃุจุฏุง.
โ€œYou never do anything right!โ€ sighed Abuโ€˜Abdullah.
ุนุงุชุจุชูƒ ููŠ ู…ุณุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑุฉุŒ ูุฃุนุชุจุชู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฎุฒู.
โ€œI ticked you off for using a stoneware lamp and now you try to pass me off with a porcelain one.
ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุนู„ู…ุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎุฒู ูˆุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑุฉ ูŠุญุณูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฏู‡ู† ุญุณูˆุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ ุฌุนู„ุช ูุฏุงูƒ! ุฏูุนุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฑูŠู ู„ูŠุŒ ุฏู‡ู‘ุงู†ุŒ ูุฃู„ู‚ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูุงุฉ ุดู‡ุฑุง ุญุชู‰ ุฑูˆูŠุชุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู‡ู†ุŒ ุฑูŠู‘ุง ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุนู‡ ุฃุจุฏุง ุงู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก.
Are you not aware that porcelain and stoneware both absorb oil?โ€โ€œExcuse me,โ€ replied the sheikh, โ€œbut I took it to an acquaintance of mine, an oil merchant, and had him leave it in the filtration vat for a month until it became so thoroughly soaked through with oil that it cannot now absorb any more.โ€
ู‚ุงู„: ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏุ› ู‡ุฐุง ุฏูˆุงุคู‡ ูŠุณูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆู‚ุนุช ุนู„ูŠู‡.
โ€œThatโ€™s not what I mean! Thatโ€™s basic although, at least, you did think to do it.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุนู„ู…ุช ุฃู† ู…ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฑุฌุฉุŒ ููŠ ุทุฑู ุงู„ูุชูŠู„ุฉุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู†ููƒู‘ ู…ู† ุฅุญุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑุŒ ูˆุชุฌููŠูู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ุดู ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุ› ูˆู…ุชู‰ ุงุจุชู„ู‘ ุจุงู„ุฏู‘ู‡ู† ูˆุชุณู‚ุงู‡ุŒ ุนุงุฏุช ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุฃูƒู„ุชู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏุฃุจู‡ู…ุง.
What you donโ€™t seem to have realised is that the tip of the spout, where itโ€™s in contact with the flame, is forever being dried out. Even when itโ€™s saturated with oil, the flame dries it out again whenever the lamp is re-lit. This goes on all the time.
ูู„ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ุช ู…ุง ูŠุชุดุฑู‘ุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู‡ู†ุŒ ุจู…ุง ูŠุณุชู…ุฏู‡ ุทุฑู ุงู„ูุชูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ู„ุนู„ู…ุช ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ.
If you were to measure the amount of oil absorbed there, youโ€™d discover itโ€™s more than the flame ever takes from the wick.
ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูุฅู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุฑุฌุฉุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ุณุงุฆู„ุง ุฌุงุฑูŠุงุ› ูˆูŠู‚ุงู„ ุฅู†ูƒ ู…ุชู‰ ูˆุถุนุช ู…ุณุฑุฌุฉุŒ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุตุจุงุญุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุง ู…ุตุจุงุญ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู„ู… ุชู„ุจุซ ุฅู„ุง ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ูŠู„ุชูŠู† ุญุชู‰ ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุณูู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุขู†ุฉ ุฏู‡ู†ุง.
Whatโ€™s more, oil drips constantly from the spout when the lamp is burning. Itโ€™s said that if you place a lit lamp above an empty one, it only takes a night or two before the lower one fills up with oil.
ูˆุงุนุชุจุฑ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูˆุถุน ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ุณุฑุฌุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุฎุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆุถุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ุชุณูˆูŠุชู‡ุง ูˆุชุตูˆูŠุจู‡ุงุŒ ูƒูŠู ุชุฌุฏู‡ู…ุง ูŠู†ุนุตุฑุงู† ุฏู‡ู†ุง.
Just consider, too, how the salt and sawdust underneath the lamp to keep it level both end up soaked with oil.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุฎุณุฑุงู† ูˆุบุจู†ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุชู‡ุงูˆู† ุจู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ูุณุงุฏ. ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูุณุฏูŠู† ุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠุทุนู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูˆูŠุณู‚ูˆู† ู†ุงุณุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ ูŠุณุชุฎู„ููˆู† ุดูŠุฆุงุŒ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุฏูˆู†ุง.
All of this is the sort of waste that only a spendthrift would ignore but, at least, a spendthrift gives food and drink to others and can expect something in return, albeit less than what he parted with.
ูˆุฃู†ุช ุฅู†ู…ุง ุชุทุนู… ุงู„ู†ุงุฑุŒ ูˆุชุณู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฃุทุนู… ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุฌุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู…ุฉ ุทุนุงู…ุง ู„ู„ู†ุงุฑ.
You, however, are feeding fire and on judgement day, God will feed the fire of hell with the man who once fed fire!โ€
ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ: ููƒูŠู ุฃุตู†ุน ุฌุนู„ุช ูุฏุงูƒุŸ
โ€œSo what should I do?โ€ moaned the sheikh.
ู‚ุงู„: ุชุชุฎุฐ ู‚ู†ุฏูŠู„ุงุ› ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ุฃุญูุธ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ุฑุดุญ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู†ุดูุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุฎ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฒูˆู„ ุฅู„ุง ุจุงู„ุฏู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจุฅุญุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑุ› ูˆุฃูŠู‡ู…ุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุทุด ุงู„ุฃูˆู„.
โ€œUse a glass lamp!โ€ advised Abu โ€˜Abdullah. โ€œGlass is more practical than other substances, it does not leak and does not absorb oil. Dirt does not have to be scrubbed or burned off, which only makes other lamps absorbent again.
ูˆุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ุฃุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุฅุจุฑูŠุฒุ› ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุŒ ูุฅู† ูุถู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ุจุงู„ุตู„ุงุจุฉุŒ ูุถู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ุจุงู„ุตูุงุกุ› ูˆุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ู…ุฌู„ู‘ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ุณุชู‘ุงุฑ.
Glass is more water- and dust-resistant than solid gold and, unlike gold, it is a man-made substance. Gold may be stronger but glass has the advantage of transparency; glass reveals what gold conceals.
ูˆู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูุชูŠู„ุฉ ุฅู†ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ูˆุณุทู‡ุŒ ูู„ุง ุชุญู…ู‘ู‰ ุฌูˆุงู†ุจู‡ ุจูˆู‡ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุตุจุงุญุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุญู…ู‰ ุจู…ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฑุฌุฉ.
The wick in a glass lamp stands upright, unlike other lamps, so the sides do not get hot.
ูˆุฅุฐุง ูˆู‚ุน ุดุนุงุน ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌุŒ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุจุงุญ ูˆุงู„ู‚ู†ุฏูŠู„ ู…ุตุจุงุญุง ูˆุงุญุฏุงุŒ ูˆุฑุฏู‘ ุงู„ุถูŠุงุก ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตุงุญุจู‡.
And as the light of the flame falls upon the glass, the flame and the glass become one, with the glow of each enhanced by the other.
ูˆุงุนุชุจุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ุดุนุงุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุขุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌุฉุ› ุซู… ุงู†ุธุฑ ูƒูŠู ูŠุชุถุงุนู ู†ูˆุฑู‡ุ› ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุณู‚ูˆุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู† ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃุนุดุงู‡ุŒ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุฃุนู…ุงู‡.
Just look at how brightness multiplies when light falls upon a mirror, water or a piece of glass. If it strikes the human eye, this light will dazzle and can result in blindness.
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌู„ู‘ ุฐูƒุฑู‡: ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ู†ููˆุฑู ุงู„ุณู‘ูŽู…ุงูˆุงุชู ูˆูŽุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุฑู’ุถูุŒ ู…ูŽุซูŽู„ู ู†ููˆุฑูู‡ู ูƒูŽู…ูุดู’ูƒุงุฉู ูููŠู‡ุง ู…ูุตู’ุจุงุญูŒุŒ ุงู„ู’ู…ูุตู’ุจุงุญู ูููŠ ุฒูุฌุงุฌูŽุฉูุŒ ุงู„ุฒู‘ูุฌุงุฌูŽุฉู ูƒูŽุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽู‡ุง ูƒูŽูˆู’ูƒูŽุจูŒ ุฏูุฑู‘ููŠู‘ูŒ ูŠููˆู‚ูŽุฏู ู…ูู†ู’ ุดูŽุฌูŽุฑูŽุฉู ู…ูุจุงุฑูŽูƒูŽุฉู ุฒูŽูŠู’ุชููˆู†ูŽุฉู ู„ุง ุดูŽุฑู’ู‚ููŠู‘ูŽุฉู ูˆูŽู„ุง ุบูŽุฑู’ุจููŠู‘ูŽุฉูุŒ ูŠูŽูƒุงุฏู ุฒูŽูŠู’ุชูู‡ุง ูŠูุถููŠุกู ูˆูŽู„ูŽูˆู’ ู„ูŽู…ู’ ุชูŽู…ู’ุณูŽุณู’ู‡ู ู†ุงุฑูŒุŒ ู†ููˆุฑูŒ ุนูŽู„ู‰ ู†ููˆุฑูุŒ ูŠูŽู‡ู’ุฏููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ู ู„ูู†ููˆุฑูู‡ู ู…ูŽู†ู’ ูŠูŽุดุงุกู.
The word of God tells us, God is the light of the Heavens and the Earth. His light is like a flame within a glass within a niche. The glass is like a shining star that burns with the oil of a blessed olive tree on which the Sun has never set. The oil itself might almost shine, although untouched by flame. Light upon light, God guides whom He wills unto His light}6
ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌุฉ ู†ูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุถูˆุก ุนู„ู‰ ุถูˆุก ู…ุถุงุนู.
Well, the oil in a glass lamp is light upon light and brilliance upon brilliance multiplied.
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ูุถู„ ุญุณู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุฏูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณู† ู…ุณุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฎุฒู.
Besides, glass lamps are prettier than porcelain and stoneware ones!
ูˆุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ู„ุญู‡ู… ุจุฎู„ุงุŒ ูˆุฃุดุฏู‡ู… ุฑูŠุงุก.
This Abu โ€˜Abdullah was a charming man but the most ingenious miser and a terrible hypocrite.
ุฃุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐูŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุทุงู‡ุฑ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุณูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุฑูู‡ ุจุฎุฑุงุณุงู† ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ู…ู†ุฐ ูƒู… ุฃู†ุช ู…ู‚ูŠู… ุจุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ุŒ ูŠุง ุฃุจุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŸ ูู‚ุงู„: ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุตูˆู… ุงู„ุฏู‡ุฑ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ.
He once visited Tahir โ€˜Two right handsโ€™ Hussayn, whom he knew from theological circles in Khurasan. โ€œSo, how long have you been living in Iraq, Abu โ€˜Abdullah?โ€ asked Tahir. โ€œBeen here twenty years and fasting now for forty.โ€
ู‚ุงู„: ูุถุญูƒ ุทุงู‡ุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„: ุณุฃู„ู†ุงูƒ ูŠุง ุฃุจุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู† ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉุŒ ูุฃุฌุจุชู†ุง ุนู† ู…ุณุฃู„ุชูŠู†.
โ€œI only asked you one question,โ€ laughed Tahir, โ€œbut youโ€™ve just answered two!โ€
ูˆู…ู† ุฃุนุงุฌูŠุจ ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุฑูˆ ู…ุง ุณู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุดูŠุฎุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุฑุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ: ุฅู† ุฑุฌู„ุง ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุฑูˆ ูƒุงู† ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุญุฌู‘ ูˆูŠุชู‘ุฌุฑุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ุŒ ููŠูƒุฑู…ู‡ ูˆูŠูƒููŠู‡ ู…ุคูˆู†ุชู‡.
Here is a joke about the people of Marw I heard a long time ago from one of our sheikhs. A man from Marw used to combine the pilgrimage with business trips, staying at the home of an Iraqi who showed him every hospitality and took care of his expenses.
ุซู… ูƒุงู† ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠ: ยซู„ูŠุช ุฅู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠุชูƒ ุจู…ุฑูˆุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃูƒุงูุฆูƒุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุฅุญุณุงู†ูƒุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุชุฌุฏู‘ุฏ ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑู‘ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑู‘ุฉ. ูุฃู…ุง ู‡ู‡ู†ุง ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุบู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ูŠยป.
โ€œI hope to see you in Marw one day,โ€ he told the Iraqi, โ€œto repay all the kindness and hospitality you have shown me. There is nothing I can do for you here.โ€
ู‚ุงู„: ูุนุฑุถุช ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุฏู‡ุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉุ› ููƒุงู† ู…ู…ุง ู‡ูˆู‘ู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูƒุงุจุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูุฑุŒ ูˆูˆุญุดุฉ ุงู„ุงุบุชุฑุงุจุŒ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฒูŠู‘ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
Now, much later, it so happened that the Iraqi had to go to Marw on business and it was a great comfort to him from the rigours of the journey and his homesickness to know that his friend would be there.
ูู„ู…ุง ู‚ุฏู… ู…ุถู‰ ู†ุญูˆู‡ ููŠ ุซูŠุงุจ ุณูุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู…ุงู…ุชู‡ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุณูˆุชู‡ ูˆูƒุณุงุฆู‡ุŒ ู„ูŠุญุทู‘ ุฑุญู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูŠุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุซู‚ุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุถุน ุฃู†ุณู‡.
Upon arriving in the city, he made straight for the house, still dressed in his travelling clothes โ€“ turban, skull-cap and cloak โ€“ intending to put up for a few days, as a man does with someone he trusts and whose company he likes.
ูู„ู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏู‡ ู‚ุงุนุฏุง ููŠ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ุŒ ุฃูƒุจู‘ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุนุงู†ู‚ู‡ุŒ ูู„ู… ูŠุฑู‡ ุฃุซุจุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุณุฃู„ ุนู†ู‡ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู† ุฑุขู‡ ู‚ุท.
He found him sitting with a group of friends. He bowed and shook hands but the Marwi gave no sign of recognition and asked nothing to suggest they had ever met.
ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡: ยซู„ุนู„ ุฅู†ูƒุงุฑู‡ ุฅูŠู‘ุงูŠ ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุนยปุ› ูุฑู…ู‰ ุจู‚ู†ุงุนู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุจุชุฏุฃ ู…ุณุงุกู„ุชู‡ุŒ ููƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ูƒุฑ.
โ€œPerhaps he doesnโ€™t recognise me with my face covered,โ€ thought the Iraqi. So he removed the kerchief from his face and asked the Marwi how he was. Still his friend made no acknowledgement.
ูู‚ุงู„: ยซู„ุนู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู†ู…ุง ุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนู…ุงู…ุฉยปุ› ูู†ุฒุนู‡ุง ุซู… ุฅู†ุชุณุจุŒ ูˆุฌุฏุฏ ู…ุณุงุกู„ุชู‡ุŒ ููˆุฌุฏู‡ ุฃุดุฏู‘ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุฅู†ูƒุงุฑุง.
โ€œPerhaps itโ€™s the turban.โ€ So he took off the turban, introduced himself and renewed his inquiry after the Marwiโ€™s health. But the Marwi only seemed more determined than ever.
ู‚ุงู„ ยซูู„ุนู„ู‡ ุฅู†ู…ุง ุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู†ุณูˆุฉยปุ› ูˆุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฒูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ ุดูŠุก ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชุบุงูู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„: ยซู„ูˆ ุฎุฑุฌุช ู…ู† ุฌู„ุฏูƒ ู„ู… ุฃุนุฑููƒยป: ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุงู„ูุงุฑุณูŠุฉ: ยซุงูƒุฑุงุฒุจูˆุณุช ุจุงุฑูˆู† ุจูŠุงุฆูŠ ู†ุดู†ุงุณุชู…ยป.
โ€œMaybe itโ€™s the skull-cap.โ€ By now the Marwi realised he had run out of excuses on which to hang his pretence and told him, โ€œYou could jump out of your skin but I still would not recognise.
ูˆุฒุนู…ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุฑุงูู‚ูˆุง ูˆุชุฒุงู…ู„ูˆุงุŒ ูุชู†ุงู‡ุฏูˆุง ูˆุชู„ุงุฒู…ูˆุง ููŠ ุดุฑุงุก ุงู„ู„ุญู…ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุงุดุชุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู„ุญู… ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุทุจุฎุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู†ุตูŠุจู‡ ูุดูƒู‡ ุจุฎูˆุตุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุฎูŠุทุŒ ุซู… ุฃุฑุณู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฎู„ู‘ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุจู„.
It is said that when Marwis travel together (and, of course, they will either be on foot or riding two to a donkey), they all club together to buy the meat, which is divided into shares before being cooked. Each man then threads a string or strip of palm leaf through his own piece and puts it in the pot to cook, along with the vinegar and spices.
ูุฅุฐุง ุทุจุฎูˆู‡ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฎูŠุทู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุนู„ู‘ู…ู‡ ุจุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุซู… ุงู‚ุชุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฑู‚ุŒ ุซู… ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ูŠุณู„ู‘ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูŠุทุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡.
When the meat is ready, everyone takes hold of his string (which he has earlier marked) as the gravy is divided and carefully removes all his meat, bit by bit, from the string.
ุซู… ูŠุฌู…ุนูˆู† ุฎูŠูˆุทู‡ู…. ูุฅู† ุฃุนุงุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉุŒ ุฃุนุงุฏูˆุง ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุทุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุดุฑู‘ุจุช ุงู„ุฏุณู… ูู‚ุฏ ุฑูˆูŠุช.
The strings are then collected for later re-use should this communal effort be repeated, since they are now thoroughly soaked through with grease.
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุชู†ุงู‡ุฏู‡ู… ู…ู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฑุบุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃู† ุจุถุนุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ุชุจู„ุบ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠุทุจุฎ ูˆุญุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุคูˆู†ุฉ ุชุฎูู‘ ุฃูŠุถุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุทุจ ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ู‘ ูˆุงู„ุซูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุจู„.
Marwis do not undertake a collaboration of this kind out of any love of sharing but because no individual has sufficient meat to justify cooking alone and because, in this way, the cost of firewood, vinegar, garlic and spices is reduced.
ูˆู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠุฎุชุงุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุณูƒุจุงุฌ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุณุงุฏ.
Also, they need only one pot. Marwis like to cook with vinegar because the meat lasts for days before going bad.
ุญุฏุซู†ูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุฅุณุญุงู‚ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุจู† ุณูŠู‘ุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธู‘ุงู… ู‚ุงู„: ู‚ู„ุช ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุฌุงุฑ ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠุŒ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†: ยซุฃุนุฑู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ู„ุงูƒู…ุŒ ูุฅู†ูŠ ุฃุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ยป ู‚ุงู„: ยซู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู„ู†ุง ู…ู‚ู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุณุฑู‚ยป.
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Sayyar Nazzam29 reported having once asked a Khurasani neighbour of his for the loan of a frying pan. โ€œI had one but it got stolen,โ€ this neighbour replied.
ูุงุณุชุนุฑุช ู…ู† ุฌุงุฑ ู„ูŠ ุขุฎุฑ. ูู„ู… ูŠู„ุจุซ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุณู…ุน ู†ุดูŠุด ุงู„ู„ุญู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆุดู…ู‘ ุงู„ุทุจุงู‡ุฌ. ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ูƒุงู„ู…ุบุถุจ:
Abu Ishaq borrowed one from another neighbour but when he heard the sizzling of meat in the pan, the Khurasani was indignant.
ยซู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฃุนุฌุจ ู…ู†ูƒุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุฎุจุฑุชู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุฑูŠุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุญู… ุฃูˆ ู„ุดุญู… ู„ูˆุฌุฏุชู†ูŠ ุฃุณุฑุน ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุจู‡ุŒ ุฅู†ู…ุง ุฎุดูŠุชูƒ ุชุฑูŠุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุจุงู‚ู„ู‘ูŠุŒ ูˆุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ู‰ ูŠุญุชุฑู‚ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุฏุณู….
โ€œYou astonish me! Iโ€™d have been round with one like a shot if youโ€™d told me you wanted it for frying meatballs. I was afraid you wanted it for beans. You see, the surface of a frying pan bums if thereโ€™s no fat in what youโ€™re frying.
ูˆูƒูŠู ู„ุง ุฃุนูŠุฑูƒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุงู„ุทู‘ุจุงู‡ุฌุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ู‰ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฑู‘ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจุงู‡ุฌุŒ ุฃุญุณู† ุญุงู„ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŸ!.
How could I possibly have refused if Iโ€™d known that you wanted it for meatballs, when that improves the panโ€™s condition more than if itโ€™s just sitting at home?โ€
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฃุจูˆ ุฅุณุญุงู‚ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุจู† ุณูŠู‘ุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู…: ุฏุนุงู†ุง ุฌุงุฑ ู„ู†ุงุŒ ูุฃุทุนู…ู†ุง ุชู…ุฑุง ูˆุณู…ู† ุณู„ุงุกุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงู† ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช.
Abu Ishaq went on to say that he had been invited to another neighbourโ€™s house, only to be served up dates and clarified butter. โ€œThere we were around the table and thatโ€™s all there was upon it.
ูˆุงู„ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุง ูŠุฃูƒู„ุŒ ูุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ูŠู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุณู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงู† ุญุชู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุ› ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ุฑุฌู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจูŠ: ู…ุง ู„ุฃุจูŠ ูู„ุงู† ูŠุถูŠุน ุณู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุณูŠุก ุงู„ู…ุคุงูƒู„ุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุบุฑู ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุญู‚ุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ูˆู…ุง ุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‘ุชู‡ุŸ ู‚ู„ุช: ู„ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡.
That Khurasani neighbour was with us and I noticed him dripping butter over the tabletop. โ€˜Whatโ€™s he playing at,โ€™ I asked the man beside me, โ€œwasting folkโ€™s butter, taking more than his share and making a mess of the table?โ€ โ€˜Donโ€™t you know what heโ€™s up to?โ€™ โ€˜No idea.โ€™
ู‚ุงู„: ุงู„ุฎูˆุงู† ุฎูˆุงู†ู‡ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุฏุณู…ู‡ุŒ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุงู„ุฏู‘ุจุบ ู„ู‡. ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุทู„ู‘ู‚ ุฅู…ุฑุฃุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ู‘ ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุขู‡ุง ุบุณู„ุช ู„ู‡ ุฎูˆุงู†ุง ู„ู‡ ุจู…ุงุก ุญุงุฑู‘ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ุง: ู‡ู„ู‘ุง ู…ุณุญุชู‡.
โ€˜This table is his and heโ€™s using the butter as wood stain. He divorced his wife โ€“ the mother of his children โ€“ when he caught her scrubbing a table of his with hot water after telling her it should only be wiped!โ€™โ€
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฃุจูˆ ู†ูˆู‘ุงุณ: ูƒุงู† ู…ุนู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุจุบุฏุงุฏุŒ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุนู‚ู„ุงุฆู‡ู… ูˆูู‚ู‡ุงุฆู‡ู…. ููƒุงู† ูŠุฃูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏู‡.
Abu Nuwas mentioned having been on the boat to Baghdad with a Khurasani intellectual who always ate alone.
ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ยซู„ู… ุชุฃูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏูƒยปุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ู„ูŠุณ ยซุนู„ูŠู‘ยป ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉุ› ุฅู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฃูƒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ู‘ู.
Abu Nuwas asked him why. โ€œI have no case to answer,โ€ the Khurasani replied. โ€œThe question ought properly to be asked of those who eat in company, why they do so, since it is a gratuitous affectation.
ูˆุฃูƒู„ูŠ ูˆุญุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ุŒ ูˆุฃูƒู„ูŠ ู…ุน ุบูŠุฑูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ยป.
Eating alone is consistent with fundamental principles, while eating with others is a supererogatory elaboration thereof!โ€
ูˆุญุฏู‘ุซู†ูŠ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุจู† ุงู„ุณู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงู„: ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจุถ ุงู„ุดุงุฐุฑูˆุงู† ุดูŠุฎ ู„ู†ุงุŒ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุฎุฑุงุณุงู†.
Ibrahim ibn Sindi3ltold me about a Khurasani scribe with duties in the Shadhrawan suburb of Baghdad, near the irrigation works.
ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุตุญุญุง ุจุนูŠุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูุณุงุฏุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุดุงุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุญููŠุง ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฅู…ุณุงูƒู‡ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุจุฎู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุฏู†ูŠู‚ู‡ ููŠ ู†ูู‚ุงุชู‡ุ› ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠุฃูƒู„ ุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ู„ุง ุจุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุดุฑุจ ุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ุจุฏุง ู…ู†ู‡.
He was a clean living, pious man, incorruptible and meticulous who never allowed personal feelings to sway his judgement. His avarice was no less meticulous โ€“ he was a scraping, penny-pinching old skinflint who only ate and drank when he absolutely had to.
ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุบุฏุงุฉ ูƒู„ ุฌู…ุนุฉ ุญู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ ู…ู†ุฏูŠู„ุง ููŠู‡ ุฌุฑุฏู‚ุชุงู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุทุน ู„ุญู… ุณูƒุจุงุฌ ู…ุจุฑู‘ุฏุŒ ูˆู‚ุทุน ุฌุจู†ุŒ ูˆุฒูŠุชูˆู†ุงุชุŒ ูˆุตุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ุญุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุดู†ุงู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุน ุจูŠุถุงุช ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุฏู‘ุŒ ูˆู…ุนู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„.
However, every Friday lunch-time, he would fold a napkin containing two coarse, flat loaves, a few slices of cold, pickled meat, a portion of cheese, some olives, a little bag of salt and another of washing powder, four eggs (these were a must) and a toothpick.
ูˆู…ุถู‰ ูˆุญุฏู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุจุนุถ ุจุณุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุฎุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุธุฑ ู…ูˆุถุนุง ุชุญุช ุดุฌุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุณุท ุฎุถุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงุก ุฌุงุฑ.
Then off he went, alone, to a garden in the Karkh area to look for a nice, grassy spot under a tree and beside running water.
ูุงุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌู„ุณุŒ ูˆุจุณุท ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฏูŠู„ุŒ ูˆุฃูƒู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑู‘ุฉ.
When he found the right spot he sat down, spread out the napkin in front of him and nibbled a little piece of everything he had brought.