what are the holidays of islam?
Eid al-Fitr Ramadan Eid al-Adha
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 The Hajj ( / hædʒ / ; Arabic : حج Ḥaǧǧ " pilgrimage " ) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca , and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey , and can support their family during their absence . It is one of the five pillars of Islam , alongside Shahadah , Salat , Zakat , and Sawm . The Hajj is the largest annual gatherings of people in the world . The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called istita 'ah , and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a mustati . The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people , and their submission to God ( Allah ) . The word Hajj means " to intend a journey " , which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions . 

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 Muslims have traditionally expressed love and veneration for Muhammad . Stories of Muhammad 's life , his intercession and of his miracles ( particularly " Splitting of the moon " ) have permeated popular Muslim thought and poetry . Among Arabic odes to Muhammad , Qasidat al @-@ Burda ( " Poem of the Mantle " ) by the Egyptian Sufi al @-@ Busiri ( 1211 – 1294 ) is particularly well known , and widely held to possess a healing , spiritual power . The Quran refers to Muhammad as " a mercy ( rahmat ) to the worlds " ( Quran 21 : 107 ) . The association of rain with mercy in Oriental countries has led to imagining Muhammad as a rain cloud dispensing blessings and stretching over lands , reviving the dead hearts , just as rain revives the seemingly dead earth ( see , for example , the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al @-@ Latif ) . Muhammad 's birthday is celebrated as a major feast throughout the Islamic world , excluding Wahhabi @-@ dominated Saudi Arabia where these public celebrations are discouraged . When Muslims say or write the name of Muhammad , they usually follow it with Peace be upon him ( Arabic : sallAllahu `alayhi wa sallam ) . In casual writing , this is sometimes abbreviated as PBUH or SAW ; in printed matter , a small calligraphic rendition is commonly used ( ﷺ ) . 

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 To the Muslims , Hajj is associated with religious as well as social significance . Apart from being an obligatory religious duty , Hajj is seen to have a spiritual merit that provides the Muslims with an opportunity of self @-@ renewal . Hajj serves as a reminder of the Day of Judgment when Muslims believe people will stand before God . Hadith literature ( sayings of Muhammad ) articulates various merits a pilgrim achieves upon successful completion of their Hajj . After successful pilgrimage , pilgrims can prefix their names with the title ' Al @-@ Hajji ' , and are held with respect in Muslim society . However , Islamic scholars suggest Hajj should signify a Muslim 's religious commitment , and should not be a measurement of their social status . Hajj brings together and unites the Muslims from different parts of the world irrespective of their race , colour , and culture , which acts as a symbol of equality . 

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 The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th ( or in some cases 13th ) of Dhu al @-@ Hijjah , the last month of the Islamic calendar . Because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year , the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year . Ihram is the name given to the special spiritual state in which pilgrims wear two white sheets of seamless cloth and abstain from certain actions . 

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 The Moon plays an important role in Islam ; the Islamic calendar is strictly lunar , and in many Muslim countries the months are determined by the visual sighting of the hilal , or earliest crescent moon , over the horizon . The splitting of the moon ( Arabic : انشقاق القمر ) was a miracle attributed to Muhammad . 
