in what country do they speak basque?
Spain France
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 Erromintxela ( Basque pronunciation : [ eromintʃela ] ) is the distinctive language of a group of Romani living in the Basque Country , who also go by the name Erromintxela . It is sometimes called Basque Caló or Errumantxela in English ; caló vasco , romaní vasco , or errominchela in Spanish ; and euskado @-@ rromani or euskado @-@ romani in French . Although detailed accounts of the language date to the end of the 19th century , linguistic research only began in the 1990s . 

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 The oldest account of the language dates to 1855 , when the French ethnographer Justin Cenac @-@ Moncaut located the Erromintxela primarily in the Northern Basque Country . The oldest coherent Erromintxela text , a poem entitled Kama @-@ goli , published by Basque writer Jon Mirande in a collection of Basque poetry , only dates to ca . 1960 . 

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 The French sociologist Victor de Rochas refers to the Romani in the Northern Basque Country speaking Basque , rather than French , in his 1876 Les Parias de France et d 'Espagne ( cagots et bohémiens ) . The Canon Jean @-@ Baptiste Daranatz published a wordlist in the periodical Eskualdun Ona in 1906 and in 1921 Berraondo and Oyarbide carried out some research . Although labelled gitano ( Spanish for ' gypsy ' ) or bohémien / gitan ( French for ' gypsy ' ) , some data can also be found in Azkue 's 1905 dictionary and Pierre Lhande 's 1926 dictionary , both of which list a number of words identifiable as Erromintxela . 

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 There are currently an estimated 500 speakers in the Southern Basque Country in Spain , approximately 2 % of a population of 21 @,@ 000 Romanis , and another estimated 500 in France . In Spain the remaining fluent speakers are elderly people mostly over the age of 80 ; some are equally fluent in Spanish , Basque , or Caló . Middle @-@ aged Erromintxela are mostly passive bilinguals , and the youngest speak only Basque or Spanish . In the Northern Basque Country , however , the language is still being passed on to children . The percentage of speakers among Spanish Erromintxela are higher than 2 % , as large numbers of Caló @-@ speaking Romanis moved to the Basque Country in the intense period of industrialisation in the 20th century . 

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 The people identify themselves as ijitoak , Basque for " gypsies " , but more specifically as Erromintxela , in contrast to the Caló Romani , whom they refer to as the xango @-@ gorriak , Basque for " red @-@ legs " . 
