where does the name melbourne come from?
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
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 Melbourne 's support in the House of Commons weakened through the early years of Victoria 's reign , and in the 1841 general election the Whigs were defeated . Peel became prime minister , and the ladies of the bedchamber most associated with the Whigs were replaced . 

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 Thus , the question would revolve around legal connections , and not around " Australia 's strong historical and emotional ties with the United Kingdom . " 

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 = = Victoria is the first town attacked = = 

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 The district 's change from a New South Wales rural area to the national capital began with the debates over Federation during the 19th century . Prior to 1840 Sydney was the administrative centre for the colony , and thus it could be presupposed that any potential federal government would be seated there . However , this started to change when , buoyed by the Victorian Gold Rush , Melbourne grew rapidly , and by 1860 its population had overtaken that of Sydney . The discovery of gold also helped to increase Melbourne 's financial base , to the point where at one stage " nearly 5 % of all British imperial government revenue ... passed through [ Melbourne 's ] port " . Thus Melbourne soon possessed both the size and the economic clout to rival Sydney and to command additional administrative powers . 

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 Most European names came during the 1840s to the 1910s and were given by surveyors who worked for colonising associations or provincial governments . Names acknowledged the colonising associations sponsors ( Hutt Valley , Wakefield , Port Chalmers , Ashburton ) , ships ( Bombay ) , government officials ( Featherston , Rolleston , Invercargill ) , politicians ( Foxton , Fox Glacier , Gisborne ) and church leaders ( Selwyn ) . Military heroes and famous battles were popular place names , with Auckland , Napier , Hastings , Havelock , Wellington , Picton , Marlborough , Nelson and Blenheim . British politicians and royalty lent their names to Russell , Palmerston , Cromwell , Queenstown and Alexandra , while Franz Josef is named after the Austrian emperor . Royal names are more popular for streets than towns or geographical features , although both Auckland and Wellington have Mount Victoria . Gore is named after governor Thomas Gore Browne and George Grey 's name is used for Greytown , Greymouth , Grey Lynn and many natural features . Relatively few names are derived from United Kingdom towns , with Dunedin ( after Edinburgh — Dùn Éideann in Scottish Gaelic ) , New Plymouth and the Canterbury Province among the most notable . 
