when did the name jehovah first appear?
Jehovah's Witnesses
contradiction
 Jehovah 's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God 's kingdom in October 1914 , and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth , resulting in " woe " to humanity . They believe that Jesus rules invisibly , from heaven , perceived only as a series of " signs " . They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word parousia — usually translated as " coming " when referring to Christ — as " presence " . They believe Jesus ' presence includes an unknown period beginning with his inauguration as king in heaven in 1914 , and ending when he comes to bring a final judgment against humans on earth . They thus depart from the mainstream Christian belief that the " second coming " of Matthew 24 refers to a single moment of arrival on earth to judge humans . 

contradiction
 Jehovah 's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God 's only direct creation , that everything else was created by means of Christ , and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God 's " only @-@ begotten Son " . Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity . They believe Jesus died on a single upright post rather than the traditional cross . They believe that references in the Bible to the Archangel Michael , Abaddon ( Apollyon ) , and the Word all refer to Jesus . Jesus is considered to be the only intercessor and high priest between God and humanity , and appointed by God as the king and judge of his kingdom . His role as a mediator ( referred to in 1 Timothy 2 : 5 ) is applied to the ' anointed ' class , though the ' other sheep ' are said to also benefit from the arrangement . 

contradiction
 Jehovah 's Witnesses teach that Satan and his demons were cast down to earth from heaven after October 1 , 1914 , at which point the end times began . Witnesses believe that Satan is the ruler of the current world order , that human society is influenced and misled by Satan and his demons , and that they are a cause of human suffering . They also believe that human governments are controlled by Satan , but that he does not directly control each human ruler . 

contradiction
 Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically , and they consider the Synoptic Gospels ( Matthew , Mark , and Luke ) to be the best sources for investigating the historical Jesus . Most scholars agree that Jesus was a Galilean Jewish rabbi who preached his message orally , was baptized by John the Baptist , and was crucified by the order of the Roman Prefect Pontius Pilate . In the current mainstream view , Jesus was an apocalyptic preacher and the founder of a renewal movement within Judaism , although some prominent scholars argue that he was not apocalyptic . Jesus debated with Jewish authorities on the subject of God , performed some healings , taught in parables and gathered followers . After Jesus ' death , his followers believed he was resurrected , and the community they formed eventually became the Christian Church . His birth is celebrated annually on December 25 ( or various dates in January for some eastern churches ) as a holiday known as Christmas , and his resurrection is likewise celebrated as a holiday known as Easter . The widely used calendar era " AD " , from the Latin " Anno Domini " ( " in the year of our Lord " ) , and the alternative " CE " , are based on the birth of Jesus . 

neutral
 The group emerged from the Bible Student movement , founded in the late 1870s by Charles Taze Russell with the formation of Zion 's Watch Tower Tract Society , with significant organizational and doctrinal changes under the leadership of Joseph Franklin Rutherford . The name Jehovah 's witnesses was adopted in 1931 to distinguish themselves from other Bible Student groups and symbolize a break with the legacy of Russell 's traditions . 
