what country was vasco nunez de balboa born in?
Spain
entailment
 Cacambo : From a Spanish father and a Peruvian mother . Lived half his life in Spain and half in Latin America . Candide 's valet while in America . 

contradiction
 The Latin American wars of independence had repercussions in Puerto Rico ; due to widespread privateering and other naval warfare , maritime commerce suffered heavily . Cabo Rojo was among the municipalities affected most , with its ports at a virtual standstill . African slaves took to the sea in an attempt at freedom ; merchants were assessed higher taxes and harassed by foreigners . Under these conditions , Cofresí was born to Francisco and María Germana . The youngest of four children , he had one sister ( Juana ) and two brothers ( Juan Francisco and Ignacio ) . Cofresí was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church by José de Roxas , the first priest in Cabo Rojo , when he was fifteen days old . María died when Cofresí was four years old , and an aunt assumed his upbringing . Francisco then began a relationship with María Sanabria , the mother of his last child Julián . A don by birth , Cofresí 's education was above average ; since there is no evidence of a school in Cabo Rojo at that time , Francisco may have educated his children or hired a tutor . The Cofresís , raised in a multicultural environment , probably knew Dutch and Italian . In November 1814 Francisco died , leaving a modest estate ; Roberto was probably homeless , with no income . 

entailment
 In late November 1807 , when Pedro was nine , the royal family escaped from Portugal as an invading French army sent by Napoleon approached Lisbon . Pedro and his family arrived in Rio de Janeiro , capital of Brazil , then Portugal 's largest and wealthiest colony , in March 1808 . During the voyage , Pedro read Virgil 's Aeneid and conversed with the ship 's crew , picking up navigational skills . In Brazil , after a brief stay in the City Palace , Pedro settled with his younger brother Miguel and their father in the Palace of São Cristóvão ( Saint Christopher ) . Although never on intimate terms with his father , Pedro loved him and resented the constant humiliation his father suffered at the hands of Carlota Joaquina due to her extramarital affairs . As an adult , Pedro would openly call his mother , for whom he held only feelings of contempt , a " bitch " . The early experiences of betrayal , coldness and neglect had a great impact on the formation of Pedro 's character . 

contradiction
 Luis Muñoz Rivera was born in Barranquitas , Puerto Rico , to Luis Muñoz Barrios and Monserrate Rivera Vazquez . He was the couple 's first child and a banquet was offered in celebration . He came from a middle @-@ class family and was not part of Puerto Rico 's elite . His father came from one of the first patriarchal lines in Puerto Rico 's politics . 

entailment
 ( His Paternal Grandfather ) decided to make his career in the army and received several recognitions after participating against Simón Bolívar during the Admirable Campaign , and followed his commanding officer Miguel de la Torre to Puerto Rico . He settled in a 400 @-@ acre ( 1 @.@ 6 km2 ) farm in Cidra , Puerto Rico , married María Escolástica Barrios and fathered twelve children . He became the town 's first mayor from 1818 to 1820 and again in 1840 to 1850 . 
