what type of music is tchaikovsky?
Opera Classical music Ballet Art song
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 Tchaikovsky wrote many works that are popular with the classical music public , including his Romeo and Juliet , the 1812 Overture , his three ballets ( The Nutcracker , Swan Lake , The Sleeping Beauty ) and Marche Slave . These , along with his First Piano Concerto and his Violin Concerto , the last three of his six numbered symphonies and his operas The Queen of Spades and Eugene Onegin , are among his most familiar works . Almost as popular are the Manfred Symphony , Francesca da Rimini , the Capriccio Italien and the Serenade for Strings . 

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 Many of Tchaikovsky 's works have Ukrainian subjects or incorporate Ukrainian folk songs or melodies . Among these are the operas Mazepa ( based on Aleksandr Pushkin 's poem ) , Little Shoes , and Night before Christmas ( or Vakula the Smith , based on Nikolai Gogol 's story ) ; symphonies No. 2 ( Little Russian ) , No. 4 , and No. 7 ( finished and edited by Semyon Bogatyrev ) ; the Concerto for Piano and Orchestra No. 1 in B @-@ flat Minor ; the 1812 Overture , the opening of which is based on the first mode of the Kievan chant ; the transcription for piano solo of Aleksandr Dargomyzhsky 's orchestral fantasy Kozachok ; and songs to Russian translations of Taras Shevchenko , such as ‘ Sadok Vyshnevyi ’ ( Cherry Orchard ) . 

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 While Rimsky @-@ Korsakov is best known in the West for his orchestral works , his operas are more complex , offering a wider variety of orchestral effects than in his instrumental works and fine vocal writing . Excerpts and suites from them have proved as popular in the West as the purely orchestral works . The best @-@ known of these excerpts is probably " Flight of the Bumblebee " from The Tale of Tsar Saltan , which has often been heard by itself in orchestral programs , and in countless arrangements and transcriptions , most famously in a piano version made by Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff . Other selections familiar to listeners in the West are " Dance of the Tumblers " from The Snow Maiden , " Procession of the Nobles " from Mlada , and " Song of the Indian Guest " ( or , less accurately , " Song of India " ) from Sadko , as well as suites from The Golden Cockerel and The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya . 

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 Tchaikovsky 's music remained popular in Russia as well as abroad , and his scholarly prowess was admired by the Belyayev circle ; however , these composers chose not to emulate his style . Composers who wished to be part of this group and desired Belyayev 's patronage had to write in a musical style approved by Glazunov , Lyadov and Rimsky @-@ Korsakov . That approved style , Maes writes , included harmonies from the coronation scene in Mussorgsky 's opera Boris Godunov , the colorful harmonization and octotonicism of Rimsky @-@ Korsakov 's operas Mlada and Sadko , and Balakirev 's folk @-@ song stylizations . These elements " served as a store of recipes for writing Russian national music . In the portrayal of the national character ... these techniques prevailed over the subjects portrayed . " Taruskin writes that echoing this style of writing became the prime order of business , with absolute music such as symphonies and chamber works preferred over the program music favored by The Five , and quasi @-@ oriental themes such as those used in Balakirev 's Islamey and Rimsky @-@ Korsakov 's Scheherazade scoffed at . The trend toward writing in the preferred style would continue at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory after Rimsky @-@ Korsakov 's retirement in 1906 , with his son @-@ in @-@ law Maximilian Steinberg in charge of composition classes at the Conservatory through the 1920s . Dmitri Shostakovich would complain about Steinberg 's musical conservatism , typified by such phrases as " the inviolable foundations of the kuchka " , and the " sacred traditions of Nikolai Andreyevich [ Rimsky @-@ Korsakov ] " . ( Kuchka , short for Moguchaya kuchka or " Mighty Handful " , was another name for The Five . ) Eventually , the Belyayev aesthetic spread as more of its composers took up academic posts in music conservatories throughout Russia . Mikhail Ippolitov @-@ Ivanov became director of the Moscow Conservatory , where Tchaikovsky had once exerted great influence , and Reinhold Glière likewise in Kiev , ensuring that these institutes " retained a direct link with the Belyayev aesthetic " . 

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 = = = = Music for ballets , plays and films = = = = 
