what is capital city of ontario?
Ottawa
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 The most important economic activity in Ontario is manufacturing , and the Toronto – Hamilton region is the most highly industrialized section of the country . The area from Oshawa , Ontario around the west end of Lake Ontario to Niagara Falls , with Hamilton at its centre , is known as the Golden Horseshoe and had a population of approximately 8 @.@ 1 million people in 2006 . The phrase was first used by Westinghouse President Herbert H. Rogge in a speech to the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce , on January 12 , 1954 . " Hamilton in 50 years will be the forward cleat in a golden horseshoe of industrial development from Oshawa to the Niagara River ... 150 miles long and 50 miles ( 80 km ) wide ... It will run from Niagara Falls on the south to about Oshawa on the north and take in numerous cities and towns already there , including Hamilton and Toronto . " 

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 Hamilton ( / ˈhæməltən / ; 2011 population 519 @,@ 949 ; UA population 670 @,@ 580 ; CMA population 721 @,@ 053 ) is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario . Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812 , Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe . On January 1 , 2001 , the new City of Hamilton was formed through the amalgamation of the former city and the other constituent lower @-@ tier municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton @-@ Wentworth with the upper @-@ tier regional government . Residents of the old city are known as Hamiltonians . Since 1981 , the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario . 

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 Canada 's post @-@ war economic growth , combined with the policies of successive Liberal governments , led to the emergence of a new Canadian identity , marked by the adoption of the current Maple Leaf Flag in 1965 , the implementation of official bilingualism ( English and French ) in 1969 , and the institution of official multiculturalism in 1971 . Socially democratic programs were also instituted , such as Medicare , the Canada Pension Plan , and Canada Student Loans , though provincial governments , particularly Quebec and Alberta , opposed many of these as incursions into their jurisdictions . Finally , another series of constitutional conferences resulted in the 1982 patriation of Canada 's constitution from the United Kingdom , concurrent with the creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . In 1999 , Nunavut became Canada 's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government . 

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 The city is home to two post @-@ secondary institutions : the University of Western Ontario ( UWO ) and Fanshawe College , a college of applied arts and technology . UWO , founded in 1878 , has about 3500 full @-@ time faculty and staff members and almost 30 @,@ 000 undergraduate and graduate students . It placed tenth in the 2008 Maclean 's magazine rankings of Canadian universities . The Richard Ivey School of Business , part of UWO , was formed in 1922 and ranked among the best business schools in the country by the Financial Times in 2009 . UWO has three affiliated colleges : Brescia University College , founded in 1919 ( Canada 's only university @-@ level women 's college ) ; Huron University College , founded in 1863 ( also the founding college of UWO ) and King 's University College , founded in 1954 . All three are liberal arts colleges with religious affiliations : Huron with the Anglican Church of Canada , King 's and Brescia with the Roman Catholic Church . London is also home to Lester B. Pearson School for the Arts one of few of its kind . 

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 = = Ottawa , Ontario as legislative capital ( 1905 – 1967 ) = = 
