who did the maccabees revolted against?
Seleucid Empire
neutral
 Over the winter , Aristagoras continued to foment rebellion . In one incident , he told a group of Paeonians ( originally from Thrace ) , who Darius had brought to live in Phrygia , to return to their homeland . Herodotus says that his only purpose in doing this was to vex the Persian high command . 

neutral
 They ignited a heated controversy and brought it to Rome . They raised three main points of contention : 

entailment
 Muhammad expelled from Medina the Banu Qaynuqa , one of three main Jewish tribes , but some historians contend that the expulsion happened after Muhammad 's death . According to al @-@ Waqidi , after Abd @-@ Allah ibn Ubaiy spoke for them , Muhammad refrained from executing them and commanded that they be exiled from Medina . Following the Battle of Badr , Muhammad also made mutual @-@ aid alliances with a number of Bedouin tribes to protect his community from attacks from the northern part of Hejaz . 

contradiction
 While Saladin was in Syria , his brother al @-@ Adil governed Egypt , and in 1174 – 75 , Kanz al @-@ Dawla of Aswan revolted against the Ayyubids with the intention of restoring Fatimid rule . His main backers were the local Bedouin tribes and the Nubians , but he also enjoyed the support of a multitude of other groups , including the Armenians . Coincidental or possibly in coordination , was an uprising by Abbas ibn Shadi who overran Qus along the Nile River in central Egypt . Both rebellions were crushed by al @-@ Adil . For the rest of that year and throughout early 1176 , Qaraqush continued his raids in western North Africa , bringing the Ayyubids into conflict with the Almohads who ruled the Maghreb . 

entailment
 Negotiations commenced with emissaries travelling to and from Mecca . While these continued , rumors spread that one of the Muslim negotiators , Uthman bin al @-@ Affan , had been killed by the Quraysh . Muhammad called upon the pilgrims to make a pledge not to flee ( or to stick with Muhammad , whatever decision he made ) if the situation descended into war with Mecca . This pledge became known as the " Pledge of Acceptance " ( Arabic : بيعة الرضوان , bay 'at al @-@ ridhwān ) or the " Pledge under the Tree " . News of Uthman 's safety allowed for negotiations to continue , and a treaty scheduled to last ten years was eventually signed between the Muslims and Quraysh . The main points of the treaty included : cessation of hostilities , the deferral of Muhammad 's pilgrimage to the following year , and agreement to send back any Meccan who emigrated to Medina without permission from their protector . 
