what are the major languages in italy?
Italian Language
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 = = = Social and political structures in Italy = = = 

neutral
 After the decentralization of political power in late antiquity , Latin developed locally into branches that became the Romance languages , such as Spanish , Portuguese , French , Italian and Romanian , and a large number of minor languages and dialects . Today , more than 900 million people are native speakers worldwide . 

neutral
 Italian translations include those published by Fratelle Bassaglia around 1788 and Boringherieri in 1959 . 

contradiction
 Italy , being one of Catholicism 's seminal nations , has a long history of music for the Roman Catholic Church . Until approximately 1800 , it was possible to hear Gregorian Chant and Renaissance polyphony , such as the music of Palestrina , Lassus , Anerio , and others . Approximately 1800 to approximately 1900 was a century during which a more popular , operatic , and entertaining type of church music was heard , to the exclusion of the aforementioned chant and polyphony . In the late 19th century , the Cecilian Movement was started by musicians who fought to restore this music . This movement gained impetus not in Italy but in Germany , particularly in Regensburg . The movement reached its apex around 1900 with the ascent of Don Lorenzo Perosi and his supporter ( and future saint ) , Pope Pius X. The advent of Vatican II , however , nearly obliterated all Latin @-@ language music from the Church , once again substituting it with a more popular style . 

contradiction
 From the Middle Ages until the end of the nineteenth century , Italy was divided into many small duchies and city @-@ states , some of which were autonomous and some of which were controlled by Austria , France , Spain , or the Papacy . These multifarious governments and the diversity of Italian dialects spoken on the peninsula caused residents to identify as " Romans " or " Venetians " , for example , rather than as " Italians " . When Napoleon conquered parts of Italy during the French Revolutionary Wars ( 1792 – 1802 ) and the Napoleonic Wars ( 1803 – 15 ) , he unified many of the smaller principalities ; he centralised the governments and built roads and communication networks that helped to break down the barriers between and among Italians . Not all Italians welcomed French rule , however ; Giuseppe Capobianco founded a secret society called the Carbonari to resist both French rule and the Roman Catholic Church . After Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and the Congress of Vienna left much of northern Italy in the hands of the Austrians , the Carbonari continued their resistance . The Carbonari led revolts in Naples and Piedmont in 1820 and 1821 and in Bologna , the Papal States , Parma , and Modena in the 1830s . After the failure of these revolts , Giuseppe Mazzini , a Carbonaro who was exiled from Italy , founded the " Young Italy " group to work toward the unification of Italy , to establish a democratic republic , and to force non @-@ Italian states to relinquish authority on the peninsula . By 1833 , 60 @,@ 000 people had joined the movement . These nationalist revolutionaries , with foreign support , attempted , but failed , to overthrow the Austrians in Genoa and Turin in 1833 and Calabria in 1844 . Italian unification , or Risorgimento , was finally achieved in 1870 under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi . 
