what are the three major rivers in south america?
Yisrael Mordecai Safeek
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 A river of sea water , called the Atlantic North Equatorial Current , flows westward off the coast of Central Africa . When this current interacts with the northeastern coast of South America , the current forks into two branches . One passes into the Caribbean Sea , while a second , the Antilles Current , flows north and east of the West Indies . These two branches rejoin north of the Straits of Florida . 

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 7 The Lower Amazons — Obydos to Manaos , or the Barra of the Rio Negro 

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 In northern South America , after several failed campaigns to take Caracas and other urban centers of Venezuela , Simón Bolívar devised a similar plan in 1819 to cross the Andes and liberate New Granada from the royalists . Like San Martín , Bolívar personally undertook the efforts to create an army to invade a neighboring country , collaborated with pro @-@ independence exiles from that region , and lacked the approval of the Venezuelan congress . Unlike San Martín , however , Bolívar did not have a professionally trained army , but rather a quickly assembled mix of Llanero guerrillas , New Granadan exiles led by Santander and British recruits . From June to July 1819 , using the rainy season as cover , Bolívar led his army across the flooded plains and over the cold , forbidding passes of the Andes , with heavy losses — a quarter of the British Legion perished , as well as many of his Llanero soldiers , who were not prepared for the nearly 4 @,@ 000 @-@ meter altitudes — but the gamble paid off . By August Bolívar was in control of Bogotá and its treasury , and gained the support of many in New Granada , which still resented the harsh reconquest carried out under Morillo . Nevertheless , Santander found it necessary to continue the policy of the " war to the death " and carried out the execution of thirty @-@ eight royalist officers who had surrendered . With the resources of New Granada , Bolívar became the undisputed leader of the patriots in Venezuela and orchestrated the union of the two regions in a new state called Colombia ( Gran Colombia ) . 

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 The Humaitá system was built to increase the security of Paraguay , but , as will now be described , its strength – real or perceived – may have had the opposite effect in the end . 

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 Within a few decades of Christopher Columbus 's landing on the coast of what is now Venezuela in 1498 , South America had been effectively conquered by Spain and Portugal . By the beginning of the 19th century , several factors affected Spain 's control over its colonies : Napoleon 's invasion of Spain in 1808 , the abdication of Charles IV , Ferdinand VII 's renouncement of his right to succeed , and the placement of Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne . The colonies were virtually cut off from Spain , and the American and French Revolutions inspired many creoles — American @-@ born descendants of Spanish settlers — to take advantage of Spanish weakness . As a result , Latin America was run by independent juntas and colonial self @-@ governments . 
