who is democritus and what did he discover?
Mathematician
contradiction
 In 479 BC , one year after the famed Battle of Thermopylae , Dilios , a hoplite in the Spartan Army , begins his story by depicting the life of Leonidas I from childhood to kingship via Spartan doctrine . Dilios 's story continues and Persian messengers arrive at the gates of Sparta demanding " earth and water " as a token of submission to King Xerxes ; the Spartans reply by killing and kicking the messengers into a well . Leonidas then visits the Ephors , proposing a strategy to drive back the numerically superior Persians through the Hot Gates ; his plan involves building a wall in order to funnel the Persians into a narrow pass between the rocks and the sea . The Ephors consult the Oracle , who decrees that Sparta will not go to war during the Carneia . As Leonidas angrily departs , a messenger from Xerxes appears , rewarding the Ephors for their covert support . 

contradiction
 The action is preceded by a brief prologue , delivered by Apollo . Venus and Cupid are then discovered , in conversation , on a desolate seashore . Venus informs Cupid that Duke Theseus of Athens , together with Ariadne , will soon be arriving on the island of Naxos on their way to Athens . They are fleeing from Crete , where the pair have been complicit in the slaying of Ariadne 's monster half @-@ brother , the Minotaur , in the labyrinth below the palace of her father , King Minos . Venus is aware that Theseus intends to abandon Ariadne on Naxos , and to proceed to Athens alone . Cupid offers to rekindle Theseus 's passion for Ariadne , but Venus has decided to unite her with the god Bacchus , and asks Cupid to arrange this . 

contradiction
 The cohesive account by Plutarch , which deals mainly with this portion of the myth , differs in many respects from the known Egyptian sources . Set — whom Plutarch , using Greek names for many of the Egyptian deities , refers to as " Typhon " — conspires against Osiris seventy @-@ two unspecified accomplices , as well as a queen from Ethiopia ( Nubia ) . Set has an elaborate chest made to fit Osiris 's exact measurements and then , at a banquet , declares that he will give the chest as a gift to whoever fits inside it . The guests , in turn , lie inside the coffin , but none fit inside except Osiris . When he lies down in the chest , Set and his accomplices slam the cover shut , seal it , and throw it into the Nile . With Osiris 's corpse inside , the chest floats out into the sea , arriving at the city of Byblos , where a tree grows around it . The king of Byblos has the tree cut down and made into a pillar for his palace , still with the chest inside . Isis must remove the chest from within the tree in order to retrieve her husband 's body . Having taken the chest , she leaves the tree in Byblos , where it becomes an object of worship for the locals . This episode , which is not known from Egyptian sources , gives an etiological explanation for a cult of Isis and Osiris that existed in Byblos in Plutarch 's time and possibly as early as the New Kingdom . 

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 The same incident is described in the writings of Cassius Dio , a Roman consul and historian who wrote in Greek . In Book 60 of his Roman History he states : 

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 French archaeologist and historian Léon Heuzey began working with the French School at Athens in Greece at the age of 20 in 1851 . He made his most famous discovery of that period in the town of Farsala , a city in southern Thessaly . In antiquity , the area was named Pharsalos , and became known for the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BCE , where Julius Caesar defeated Pompey during the Great Roman Civil War . 
