where was the battle of vicksburg located?
Warren County
entailment
 The Siege of Vicksburg ( May 18 – July 4 , 1863 ) was the final major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War . In a series of maneuvers , Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederate Army of Mississippi led by Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton into the defensive lines surrounding the fortress city of Vicksburg , Mississippi . 

contradiction
 Located on the high bluffs of the Mississippi River , Vicksburg , Mississippi was the last major obstacle to Union control of that river ; both Lincoln and Grant saw it as the key to victory in the West and were determined to take the rebel stronghold . Grant 's Army held western Tennessee having almost 40 @,@ 000 troops available to fight . Grant was aggravated to learn that Lincoln authorized Major General John A. McClernand to raise a separate army for the purpose . Halleck ordered McClernand to Memphis , and placed him under Grant 's authority . Grant planned to attack Vicksburg on land from the east while Sherman attacked the fortress from the Mississippi River , but two Confederate cavalry raids , on December 11 and 20 , prevented the armies from connecting . On December 29 , a Confederate army led by Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton repulsed Sherman 's direct approach to Vicksburg at Chickasaw Bayou . McClernand reached Sherman 's army , assumed command , and independently of Grant led a campaign that captured Confederate Fort Hindman . 

neutral
 The battle acts as the crux of Charles Fenno Hoffman 's 1840 novel Greyslaer . 

contradiction
 Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River ; therefore , capturing it completed the second part of the Northern strategy , the Anaconda Plan . When two major assaults ( May 19 and 22 , 1863 ) against the Confederate fortifications were repulsed with heavy casualties , Grant decided to besiege the city beginning on May 25 . With no reinforcement , supplies nearly gone , and after holding out for more than forty days , the garrison finally surrendered on July 4 . 

contradiction
 The successful ending of the Vicksburg Campaign significantly degraded the ability of the Confederacy to maintain its war effort , as described in the Aftermath section of the campaign article . Some historians — e.g. , Ballard , p . 308 — suggest that the decisive battle in the campaign was actually the Battle of Champion Hill , which , once won by Grant , made victory in the subsequent siege a foregone conclusion . This action ( combined with the surrender of Port Hudson to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks on July 9 ) yielded command of the Mississippi River to the Union forces , who would hold it for the rest of the conflict . 
