what all countries are in south america?
Carrasco Chacaltaya Chile Pampas Amazon Basin French Guiana Peru Guyana Paraguay Bolivia
contradiction
 Americas : Bolivia , Dominican Republic , El Salvador , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Peru , US 

neutral
 = = = = Central and South America = = = = 

contradiction
 Brazil , Mexico , India and South Africa are countries with large economies that have never been ICSID members . 

contradiction
 = = = Argentina and Latin America = = = 

contradiction
 Within a few decades of Christopher Columbus 's landing on the coast of what is now Venezuela in 1498 , South America had been effectively conquered by Spain and Portugal . By the beginning of the 19th century , several factors affected Spain 's control over its colonies : Napoleon 's invasion of Spain in 1808 , the abdication of Charles IV , Ferdinand VII 's renouncement of his right to succeed , and the placement of Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne . The colonies were virtually cut off from Spain , and the American and French Revolutions inspired many creoles — American @-@ born descendants of Spanish settlers — to take advantage of Spanish weakness . As a result , Latin America was run by independent juntas and colonial self @-@ governments . 
