what type of government does iraq have 2012?
Parliamentary system Federation Republic Federal republic Parliamentary republic
neutral
 In January 2005 , free , democratic elections were held in Iraq for the first time in 50 years . According to Iraqi National Security Advisor Mowaffak al @-@ Rubaie , " This is the greatest day in the history of this country . " Bush praised the event as well , saying that the Iraqis " have taken rightful control of their country 's destiny " . This led to the election of Jalal Talabani as President and Nouri al @-@ Maliki as Prime Minister of Iraq . A referendum to approve a constitution in Iraq was held in October 2005 , supported by most Shiites and many Kurds . 

entailment
 Giving Iraq 's major groups a measure of autonomy in their own regions . A central government would be left in charge of interests such as defending the borders and distributing oil revenues . 

neutral
 In 1973 , the country held its first parliamentary elections ; however , two years later , the late emir dissolved the parliament and suspended the constitution after parliament rejected the State Security Law . The period between 2002 and 2010 saw three parliamentary elections . The first , held in 2002 was boycotted by the opposition , Al Wefaq , which won a majority in the second in 2006 and third in 2010 . The 2011 by @-@ election was held to replace 18 members of Al Wefaq who resigned in protest against government crackdown . 

contradiction
 By late 2006 , Biden 's stance had shifted , and he opposed the troop surge of 2007 , saying General David Petraeus was " dead , flat wrong " in believing the surge could work . Biden was instead a leading advocate for dividing Iraq into a loose federation of three ethnic states . In November 2006 , Biden and Leslie H. Gelb , President Emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations , released a comprehensive strategy to end sectarian violence in Iraq . Rather than continuing the present approach or withdrawing , the plan called for " a third way " : federalizing Iraq and giving Kurds , Shiites , and Sunnis " breathing room " in their own regions . In September 2007 , a non @-@ binding resolution passed the Senate endorsing such a scheme . However , the idea was unfamiliar , had no political constituency , and failed to gain traction . Iraq 's political leadership united in denouncing the resolution as a de facto partitioning of the country , and the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad issued a statement distancing itself . 

neutral
 In June , it was announced that Anbar Province would be the tenth province to transfer to Provincial Iraqi Control , the first such Sunni region . This handover was delayed by bad weather and a suicide bombing on 26 June in Karmah at a meeting between Sunni Sheikhs and US Marines which killed more than 23 people , including three Marines . In July , presidential candidate Barack Obama visited Ramadi and met with Governor Rasheed , Sheikh Abu Rish , and 30 other sheikhs and senior military personnel . In the meeting , Obama promised that " the United States will not abandon Iraq " ( his opponent , John McCain , had visited Haditha in March 2008 ) . On 26 August , Iraqi leaders signed the Command and Control Memorandum of Understanding in a ceremony at the Anbar Governance Center , a step towards taking full control and responsibility for security from Coalition forces . Less than a week later , on 1 September , the transition became official . 
