[{"from": "human", "value": "Provide a description of this molecule. [C][N][C][=Branch2][Ring1][Ring2][=C][N][=C][Ring1][Branch1][C][O][C][=C][C][=C][Branch1][Branch1][C][=C][Ring1][=Branch1][S][C][N+1][=Branch1][C][=O][O-1]"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The molecule is biphasic with a first (hemolymphatic) stage that progresses to a second (meningoencephalitic) stage in which patients experience progressively worsening neurological symptoms and eventually die if left untreated. Historical treatment options for meningoencephalitic HAT include [melarsoprol], [eflornithine], and [nifurtimox]/[eflornithine] combination therapy (NECT), though [melarsoprol] is highly toxic and each treatment requires lengthy infusions that are difficult to administer in resource-limited settings. Fexinidazole, which was originally developed in the 1970s/80s by Hoechst AG and subsequently rediscovered through the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) in 2005, is the first all-oral treatment for first and second stage HAT caused by T. brucei gambiense.  Fexinidazole received a positive opinion from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in November 2018 and was approved by the FDA on July 16, 2021. It is currently marketed by Sanofi-Aventis."}]