[{"from": "human", "value": "What can you tell me about this molecule? [C][Branch1][=Branch2][P][=Branch1][C][=O][Branch1][C][O][O][Branch1][=Branch2][P][=Branch1][C][=O][Branch1][C][O][O][Branch1][C][Cl][Cl]"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The molecule is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification. The bisphosphonate group binds strongly to the bone mineral, hydroxyapatite. This explains the specific pharmacological action of these compounds on mineralized tissues, especially bone. The exact mechanism of action of clodronate is not known, however it is known that it does not inhibit protein isoprenylation but can be metabolized intracellularly to a &beta;-&gamma;-methylene (AppCp-type) analog of ATP (AppCCl2p), which is cytotoxic to macrophages in vitro. Inhibition of the ADP/ATP translocase by the metabolite AppCCl2p is a likely route by which clodronate causes osteoclast apoptosis and inhibits bone resorption. Recently, the slime mold <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> was shown to take up bisphosphonates by pinocytosis. In these cells, clodronate, but not other pharmacologically active bisphosphonates, was incorporated into adenine nucleotides, which could potentially explain why this bisphosphonate sometimes seems to act differently than the other bisphosphonates. Clodronate, like all biphosphonates, also binds protein-tyrosine-phosphatase."}]