[{"from": "human", "value": "What can you tell me about this molecule? [C][Branch1][Ring1][C][N][C][Branch1][C][O][Branch1][=Branch2][P][=Branch1][C][=O][Branch1][C][O][O][P][=Branch1][C][=O][Branch1][C][O][O]"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The molecule is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug.Pamidronate, marketed as pamidronate disodium pentahydrate under the brand name Aredia, is a bisphosphonate. The mechanism of action of pamidronate is inhibition of bone resorption. Pamidronate adsorbs to calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) crystals in bone and may directly block dissolution of this mineral component of bone. In vitro studies also suggest that inhibition of osteoclast activity contributes to inhibition of bone resorption. Pamidronate also targets farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (such as pamidronate, alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate and zoledronate) appear to act as analogues of isoprenoid diphosphate lipids, thereby inhibiting FPP synthase, an enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Inhibition of this enzyme in osteoclasts prevents the biosynthesis of isoprenoid lipids (FPP and GGPP) that are essential for the post-translational farnesylation and geranylgeranylation of small GTPase signalling proteins. This activity inhibits osteoclast activity and reduces bone resorption and turnover. In postmenopausal women, it reduces the elevated rate of bone turnover, leading to, on average, a net gain in bone mass."}]