27 year old with history of bicuspid aortic valve being referred for evaluation of possible aortopathy. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 63%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 87 ml/m2 (normal range: 65+/-11), the LVEDV is 172 ml (normal range 109+/-23), the LV end systolic volume index is 32 ml/m2 (normal range 18+/-5), the LVESV is 64 ml (normal range 31+/-10), the LV mass index is 40 g/m2 (normal range 67+/-11), and the LV mass is 79 g (normal range 114+/-24). There are no regional wall motion abnormalities present. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process.Left AtriumThe left atrium is normal in size.Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 55%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 45 ml/m2 (normal range 69+/-14), the RVEDV is 89 ml (normal range 110+/-24), the RV end systolic volume index is 45 ml/m2 (normal range 22+/-8), and the RVESV is 89 ml (normal range 35+/-13). Right AtriumThe right atrium is normal in size. Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there is no significant aortic regurgitation. The leaflet number cannot be determined on this study. Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is no significant mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is no significant tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. The sinus of Valsalva is 35 x 31 mm, STJ 30 x 29 mm, ascending aorta 31 x 29 mm, ascending (just proximal the right brachiocephalic) 30 x 29 mm, thoracic aorta (just distal the left subclavian) 21 x 21 mm, descending aorta 18 x 17 mm. No evidence of aortic coarctation. Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size. Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium. PericardiumThere is no obvious pericardial disease.Extracardiac FindingsThis study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. Normal left ventricular size and systolic function (LVEF 63%)2. Normal right ventricular size and systolic function (RVEF 55%) 3. No evidence of inflammation, fibrosis or infarct as evidenced by lack of LGE. 4. Aortic dimensions as described above. No evidence of coarctation. I personally reviewed the Images and/or procedure with the Resident/Fellow and agree with this report.