Afghan Museum Recalls a Previous War A groundskeeper at the Jihad Museum in Herat, Afghanistan, and a helicopter that was left behind from the Soviet Union's occupation of the country. HERAT, Afghanistan - For a country disfigured by decades of conflict, it seems fitting that Afghanistan should have a place set aside for reflecting on war. The Jihad Museum on a forested hillside in the western provincial capital of Herat is many things: a temple to the mujahedeen heroes who battled the Soviets in the 1970s and "80s, and a memorial for the hundreds of thousands of Afghans who were slaughtered or fled the fighting. It is also, for many Afghans, a not-so-veiled portrayal of a likely future: they review the museum's dioramas of historical violence with clenching knots in their stomachs, fearing that the scenes may play out again soon, after the end of the NATO combat mission here in 2014. "I think the worst days are yet to come," said Obaidullah Esar, 51, a former fighter, who was touring the museum one recent afternoon. The museum is a blue, green and white rotunda covered on the outside with the names of hundreds of victims from the war, all set in a watered garden of flower beds and fountains. It boasts captured Soviet weaponry like tanks, a MIG fighter jet and helicopters. It has a portrait hall of fame of mujahedeen commanders. The star attraction is a graphic diorama showing models of Afghan villagers rising up in a hellish wartime landscape to cudgel the heads of Soviet oppressors, in a triumphant if rather rosy narrative arc: Soviets commit heinous acts against poor villagers, farmers besiege Soviet tanks with sticks, Soviet soldiers are throttled, Soviet soldiers are shot. At the end, the army of the mujahedeen marches home victorious. Still, if its view is more triumphal than strictly historical, it is one of the few accounts of the era that is easily accessible here. "Since most Afghans are uneducated and we don't have good historians to write our histories, our children don't know who the Russians were, why the Afghans fought against them and what was the result of their resistance," said Sayed Wahid Qattali, a prosperous 28-year-old politician and businessman who is the son of a former jihadi commander. Mr. Qattali's father established the museum with the help of Ismail Khan, a mujahedeen warlord and former governor of Herat. Mr. Qattali says one of the motivations for building the museum is the reluctance of the country's official history books to address the painful events of the past four decades. In an attempt to depoliticize the history of a country pulled in so many different ways by ethnic tensions, school textbooks tell Afghanistan's history in depth only up until about the 1970s, skipping over major events since then like the Soviet invasion, civil war, the Taliban's reign and the American-led invasion and military presence. Mr. Qattali wants the museum to fill that void, in particular telling his version of the mujahedeen's exploits - before time moves on and the next chapter of history is inevitably written. His family has profited during the relative calm of the past 10 years, with interests from chicken farms to a security firm that guards NATO fuel convoys, and he runs his own television station. Recently, he toured the garden of the museum, showing off the mujahedeen's trophies, like the MIG jet. "Afghans have very bad memories of this," he said, shaking his head, before strolling past an 82-millimeter light-rocket launcher perched in the grass. Near a Soviet helicopter, behind some bushes, Mr. Qattali hunched his shoulders and grew even more morose. "A lot of people were killed by this kind of helicopter," he said. We lost a lot of relatives and loved ones. Of course, we fought to the end. Inside the hushed museum, shoeless feet - visitors are required to remove their shoes - shuffled past glass cabinets of centuries-old rifles seized from British soldiers in earlier conflicts. The British were repelled, too, and the guns were used against the Soviets, showing an Afghan knack for taking whatever weapons invaders bring and turning them to their advantage. A museum visitor might reflect that the arsenal of weaponry currently being supplied to Afghanistan by the American-led coalition could one day be piled here, too. After the guns, a long corridor is lined with more than 60 iconic portraits of mujahedeen commanders who made their names during the fighting against the Soviets and, later, the Taliban: men like Ahmed Shah Massoud and Abdul Haq. Though they share a hallway, the warlords hardly were united.