The Almanac, Celebrity Birthdays, Today in History, December 27 Today is Thursday, Dec. 27, the 362nd day of 2012 with four to follow. They include German astronomer Johannes Kepler in 1571; English engineer George Cayley, father of the science of aerodynamics, in 1773; French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur in 1822; actors Sydney Greenstreet in 1879, Marlene Dietrich in 1901 and Cliff Arquette in 1905; musician/actor Oscar Levant in 1906; actor John Amos in 1939 (age 73); news correspondent Cokie Roberts in 1943 (age 69); French actor Gerard Depardieu in 1948 (age 64); and former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon in 1951 (age 61). In 1932, Radio City Music Hall opened in New York. In 1941, Japanese warplanes bombed Manila in the Philippines, even though it had been declared an "open city." In 1947, the first "Howdy Doody" show, under the title "Puppet Playhouse," was telecast on NBC. In 1968, the Apollo 8 astronauts -- Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, William Anders -- returned to Earth after orbiting the moon 10 times, paving the way for moon-landing missions. In 1985, terrorists killed 20 people and wounded 110 in attacks on passengers of the Israeli airline El Al at the Rome and Vienna airports. U.S. President Ronald Reagan blamed Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi. In 1991, a Scandinavian Airlines jet with 129 people aboard crashed and broke apart after taking off from Stockholm. No one died in the incident. In 1992, a U.S. jet shot down an Iraqi fighter over southern Iraq's "no-fly" zone in the first such incident since the Persian Gulf War. In 2002, Chechen rebels, seeking independence from Russia, killed 52 people with two vehicle bombs at pro-Russian government offices. In 2004, the death toll jumped to 23,500 in the Asian tsunami with hundreds of thousands reported hurt and many thousands missing. In 2007, former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, first woman to hold that post in an Islamic state, was assassinated in a suicide attack as she left a political rally in Rawalpindi. Police said she was shot twice by a gunman who then set off a bomb in her motorcade, killing another 20 people. Also in 2007, preliminary results in the Kenyan presidential election showed opposition candidate Raila Odinga the winner over incumbent Mwai Kibaki, 57 to 39 percent. Three days later the election commission reversed the results, touching off tribal violence. In 2008, 225 people died when Israeli jets bombed Gaza in retaliation for Hamas-fired rockets, Israeli and Palestinian sources said. At least 300 people were wounded. Also in 2008, at least 24 people were killed and 46 were wounded when a car bomb exploded in northwestern Baghdad's Kadhimiya shrine neighborhood. In 2009, a Taliban commander said to be responsible for roadside bombing attacks in Afghanistan was slain in a clash with Afghan security forces. In 2011, U.S. consumer confidence closed out 2011 at its highest level since the previous April. The Conference Board reported major retailers had robust holiday business and U.S. auto sales were up more than 10 percent. A thought for the day: an anonymous saying: "Education is what you have left over after you have forgotten everything you have learned."