Slowly They Modernize - A Federal Agency That Still Uses Floppy Disks - NYTimes.com WASHINGTON - The technology troubles that plagued the HealthCare.gov website rollout may not have come as a shock to people who work for certain agencies of the government - especially those who still use floppy disks, the cutting-edge technology of the 1980s. Every day, The Federal Register, the daily journal of the United States government, publishes on its website and in a thick booklet around 100 executive orders, proclamations, proposed rule changes and other government notices that federal agencies are mandated to submit for public inspection. So far, so good. It turns out, however, that the Federal Register employees who take in the information for publication from across the government still receive some of it on the 3.5-inch plastic storage squares that have become all but obsolete in the United States. Now government infrastructure experts are hoping that public embarrassments like the HealthCare.gov debacle will prompt a closer look at the government's technological prowess, especially if it might mean getting rid of floppy disks. "You've got this antiquated system that still works but is not nearly as efficient as it could be," said Stan Soloway, chief executive of the Professional Services Council, which represents more than 370 government contractors. Companies that work with the government, whether longstanding or newcomers, are all hamstrung by the same limitations. The use of floppy disks peaked in American homes and offices in the mid-1990s, and modern computers do not even accommodate them anymore. But The Federal Register continues to accept them, in part because legal and security requirements have yet to be updated, but mostly because the wheels of government grind ever slowly. Davita Vance-Cooks, the head of the Government Printing Office, which oversees The Federal Register, spoke at a congressional hearing on Wednesday about her department's attempts to make its work remain relevant in a post-print world. Despite creating mobile apps, The Federal Register still requires agencies to submit information on paper, with original signatures, though they can create a digital signature via a secured email system. Agencies are also permitted to submit the documents on CD-ROMs and floppy disks, but not on flash drives or SD cards. "The Federal Register Act says that an agency has to submit the original and two duplicate originals or two certified copies," said Amy P. Bunk, The Federal Register's director of legal affairs and policy. As long as an agency does that through one of the approved methods of transmission, she said, "they've met the statutory requirement." But the secure email system - which uses software called Public Key Infrastructure technology - is expensive, and some government agencies have not yet upgraded to it. As a result, some agencies still scan documents on to a computer and save them on floppy disks. The disks are then sent by courier to the register. Ms. Bunk said that although many agencies did use the secure email system, The Federal Register could not require it until Congress made it compulsory by law. "There are limits as to how far we can make the agencies do everything in lock step," said Jim Bradley, the assistant public printer for the Government Printing Office. Federal budget cuts, he said, had helped slow down any modernization. "We've got to accommodate the funding and everything else," Mr. Bradley said. Some agencies move forward with technology, and that's great. Other agencies aren't ready to go this year, maybe not next year. A spokesman for The Federal Register would not say which agencies still used floppy disks. But at The Register's office, a modest space on North Capitol Street in sight of the Capitol dome, couriers were recently seen coming in and out as an employee pulled a floppy disk from one package and at least two CD-ROMs from others. Meanwhile, experts say that an administration that prided itself on its technological savvy has a long way to go in updating the computer technology of the federal government. HealthCare.gov and the floppy disks of The Federal Register, they say, are but two recent examples of a government years behind the private sector in digital innovation. Mr. Soloway, of the Professional Services Council, said that the government's technology was also causing it to fall behind in cooperation with the private sector. "It's undoubtedly inhibiting the expansion" of what corporations are willing to do with the government, Mr. Soloway said. And it remains an inhibitor for the next generation of companies.