Norman Geras - obituary - Telegraph One of Normblog's constant targets was the selectivity in the way people invoke "root cause"explanations for terrorist atrocities. In the wake of the 7/7 attacks in London, which many pundits on the Left attributed to Muslim anger over Western intervention in Iraq, he observed that while such arguments purport to be about causal explanation rather than excuse-making, they are invariably deployed on behalf of movements or actions for which their proponent wants to win sympathy. "A hypothetical example illustrates the point," he said. Suppose that, on account of the present situation in Zimbabwe, the government decides to halt all scheduled deportations of Zimbabweans. Some BNP thugs are made angry by this and express their anger by beating up a passer-by who happens to be an African immigrant. Can you imagine a single person of left or liberal outlook who would blame this act of violence on the government's decision or urge us to consider sympathetically the root causes of the act? It wouldn't happen. Geras's measured and tightly-reasoned critiques of fashionable Leftist nostrums were not universally popular, and he found himself denounced as an "imperialist skunk" and a "turncoat." In one posting, following the Iraqi elections of 2005, he imagined awakening from a nightmare to see Ken Livingstone, Harold Pinter, George Galloway, John Pilger and other opponents of the war advancing upon him - only to raise a finger stained with the purple dye of an Iraqi voter. "Everybody and his brother has had a go at me," he said. But I started the blog because I was fed up with the prevailing left and liberal consensus that the war in Iraq was wrong. In 2006 he launched a more wide-ranging assault in what became known as the "Euston Manifesto," a proposal for a renewal of progressive politics, which he put together with others in a Euston pub. The document called on the Left to support universal human rights; to abandon anti-American prejudice; to see all forms of totalitarianism as being essentially the same; to be willing to support military intervention against oppressive regimes; and to promote democracy, equal rights and free speech. The manifesto was billed as an attempt to reclaim such principles for the Left, but it served only to highlight the gulf between the socialist democratic tradition represented by Geras and the anti-democratic, neo-isolationist and reflexively anti-American tendencies of the contemporary Left. "I have been flattered by an invitation to sign the manifesto," wrote another renegade Leftist, Christopher Hitchens, "and I probably will, but if I agree, it will be the most conservative document I have ever initialled. Even the obvious has become revolutionary. Norman Geras was born to Jewish parents in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia, on August 25 1943, and studied PPE at Pembroke College, Oxford. After graduating with a First, he took up a post at Manchester University, where he remained until his retirement in 2003 as Professor of Government. Responding to his critics on the Left, Geras was always keen to prove his radical credentials: "I am part of the 1960s generation. I was no Tariq Ali but I took part in demonstrations against the Vietnam War... I was at an academic conference in Italy the day the Left-wing Allende regime was overthrown by a coup in Chile in 1973. I left the conference to join a march in the streets. Geras wrote some eight books, ranging from rather obscure works of political theory (Solidarity in the Conversation of Humankind; The Ungroundable Liberalism of Richard Rorty) to books about cricket (for some reason he supported Australia). In The Contract of Mutual Indifference (1998), perhaps his most important work, he sought to remedy the inadequacy of response to the Holocaust in political philosophy. Focusing on the so-called bystander phenomenon - the inaction of ordinary Germans, Poles and others while the Jews went to their deaths - he identified a "contract of mutual indifference," a sort of inversion of the you-scratch-my-back code. This ethos, he argued, is morally indefensible, yet it still prevails today, reflected in widespread indifference to torture, hunger and other varieties of suffering across the world. Any political philosophy which neglects the primacy of the human duty to help others, he concluded, is short-sighted and shameful. It was from this perspective that he supported the invasion of Iraq. After retiring from Manchester, Norman Geras and his wife Adèle, an award-winning children's writer, moved to Cambridge. She survives him with two daughters, one of whom is the poet and crime fiction writer Sophie Hannah. Norman Geras, born August 25 1943, died October 18 2013