Nigerian Refugees Accuse Army of Excess Force Benedicte Kurzen for The New York Times Nigerians gathered to register as refugees in Bosso, Niger. Some said the Nigerian Army had been killing civilians in its battle against insurgents. BOSSO, Niger - For the soldiers, the young men's long, flowing robes - the traditional garb of Muslim West Africa - were enough to establish guilt, the refugees said. "As soon as they see you with clothing like this, they shoot," said Abukar Ari, a Koranic teacher in a long robe who said he had fled across the border from Nigeria two weeks before. They don't ask any questions. I've seen them shoot people. Yes, I've seen them shoot. Other refugees in the registration lines of thousands who had fled Nigeria's combat zone echoed these assertions, saying civilians were being killed there by soldiers unconcerned with the distinction between militants and innocents. Friends and neighbors were being shot, they said; young men were being rounded up at night; and citizens with the vertical ethnic scarring of the Kanuri, a group dominant in the Islamist militant group Boko Haram, were being taken away. "They are killing people without asking who they are," said Laminou Lawan, a student who said he had fled here 10 days before. When they see young men in traditional robes, they shoot them on the spot. They catch many of the others and take them away, and we don't hear from them again. Nearly three weeks ago, Nigeria launched what it depicted as an all-out land and air campaign to crush the Boko Haram insurgency, using thousands of troops, vehicles and even fighter jets and helicopter gunships just over the border from here, where Nigerian officials say the insurgents have their stronghold. The Nigerian president, Goodluck Jonathan, suggesting that he was fed up with the four-year uprising by Boko Haram, announced "extraordinary measures" in his country's north and placed a large part of it under a state of emergency, ordering troops to "take all necessary action" to end an insurgency that he said was now threatening the country's foundations. Nigeria's foreign partners, including the United States, which considers the country an important ally in the fight against Islamist militancy, have watched warily, with Secretary of State John Kerry pointedly warning the Nigerian military about what he called "credible allegations" that Nigerian forces had committed "gross human rights violations" in the period before the offensive began. Last month, more than 200 people were killed in what local officials, residents and human rights groups say was a sweeping massacre by Nigerian forces in the nearby village of Baga, in northern Nigeria. Analysts have long questioned whether Nigeria's heavy-handed counterinsurgency strategy, which has resulted in numerous civilian deaths since 2009, may be having the opposite effect of the one intended, increasing anger at the Nigerian state and driving new recruits to the militants. But Mr. Kerry has not specifically raised the question of human rights abuses during the latest offensive, and for a good reason: it is difficult to get a clear idea of what is happening. Since its start, much of northern Nigeria has been under a communications blackout, as cellphone service has been cut, physical access has been limited and information restricted to a series of military communiqués. They have announced the "capture and destruction" of Boko Haram camps, the deaths of "high-profile" Boko Haram members and other "terrorists," the "disarray" of militants, the discovery and destruction of weapons caches, and the "securing" of various towns and settlements in the north from Boko Haram. Nigerian military spokesmen have been at pains to deny any misconduct against civilians during the campaign, trying to reassure the country's allies by announcing that they were pleased soldiers were sticking to what they called "the rules of engagement." A spokesman did not respond Friday to a request for comment on the refugees" accounts. But some of the refugees who have massed here in this remote border village at the far eastern edge of Niger - there are at least 5,000 of them, and possibly as many as 10,000 in the area, officials say - described the fighting in terms that varied widely from the military communiqués. Their testimony is among the first independent accounts of the Nigerian military's offensive, and they spoke of indiscriminate bombing and shooting, unexplained civilian deaths, nighttime roundups of young men by security forces. All spoke of a climate of terror that had pushed them, in the thousands, to flee for miles through the harsh and baking semidesert, sometimes on foot, to Niger. A few blamed Boko Haram - a shadowy, rarely glimpsed presence for most residents - for the violence. But the overwhelming majority blamed the military, saying they had fled their country because of it.