Struggle over what to wear in Iran Mandatory female covering known as hijab has been a defining element of Iran since the Islamic Revolution in 1979. While the laws regarding proper cover haven't changed, some women have grown bolder in interpreting the limits of what they can wear, creating a conflict that inevitably flares each summer as the temperatures climb. The government's offensive this year has been marked by the stationing of mixed-gender teams of morality police in Tehran's main squares. Already this summer, 53 coffee shops and 87 restaurants have been closed in Tehran for serving customers with improper hijab or for other gender-related offenses, such as permitting women to smoke hookah pipes. Concerts have been abruptly canceled because of inappropriate dress and too much contact between male and female fans. Approximately 80 stands at an international food fair were closed last month because the women working at them were either breaking hijab rules or wearing too much makeup. Those arrested face up to two months in prison, or could even be lashed for their crimes. Those penalties have been on the books for years, but were rarely enforced in the past. Such aggressive enforcement and stiff penalties have spawned resentment. "I felt disrespected and insulted," said 30-year-old Sahar, who was arrested for wearing sleeves that only went to her forearms, "I'm a grown woman. I can decide what I can wear. I can make these decisions myself. But authorities have made the case this year that un-Islamic dress is a matter of national security, and a symptom of long-term Western meddling in Iranian affairs. Officials now routinely cite the improper wearing of hijab as the cause for a range of social maladies, from women who marry later in life to those who go into prostitution. The root problem is often blamed on "foreign agents." Tehran police chief Ahmad- Reza Radan this month called support for improper hijab "part of the enemy's soft war against us." In Iran and other Islamic countries, hijab, which means "cover" in Arabic, has come to define a type of dress code for women, the main priority of which is to obscure signs of femininity. In Iran the most important element has always been covering women's hair and secondarily, the shape of women's bodies. Traditionally, covering of the head, arms, and legs has been strictly enforced, and a long jacket called a manteau, accompanied by a scarf, has been the accepted minimum. Over the years, however, what passes as hijab has changed and now a wide range of styles can be seen in any Iranian city - from the black, all-encompassing chador to brightly colored headscarves that barely stay in place.