Obama returns to chilly Washington, political scene January 3, 2012 -- Updated 0343 GMT (1143 HKT) NEW: Obama flies out of Hawaii, scheduled to arrive in Washington on Tuesday morning Later in the day, he'll electronically address backers in Iowa -- site of GOP caucuses More showdowns with Congress loom in the coming months The president also has overseas challenges regarding North Korea, Syria and Iran (CNN) -- President Barack Obama returns Tuesday to a chilly Washington, going from a family holiday in Hawaii to a decidedly different climate rife with political battles, overseas crises and continued economic uncertainty. The president and his family left from Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam outside Honolulu around 5:40 p.m. (10:40 p.m. ET), on an overnight flight that should land them in the nation's capital around 7:30 a.m ET Tuesday. Temperatures in the District of Columbia will be roughly 30 degrees colder than in the Aloha State, though the weather may be the least of the changes and challenges that Obama will face. The news all but guaranteed to dominate headlines the day of the first family's arrival back in Washington is the Republican race for the right to challenge the president. Iowa's first-in-the-nation caucuses will be held Tuesday, pitting candidates who have been taking shots at Obama and his policies for months. Obama will make an electronic appearance in the state, wading into the campaign by participating in a video teleconference with his Iowa supporters around 8:15 p.m. Tuesday. For the next 10 months, the president will be both campaigning and governing. Yet few expect many of the president's initiatives to move smoothly through Congress, especially in the GOP-led House, as both parties angle to score political points during what promises to be a fiercely fought election year. The president has framed the coming months as likely to be full of action that would define the direction of the nation. Specifically, he has urged more action to stimulate the still-uneven economy. "As I've said before, we are at a make-or-break moment for the middle class," Obama said in his last weekly address of 2011. And in many ways, the actions we take in the months ahead will help determine what kind of country we want to be, and what kind of world we want our children and grandchildren to grow up in. Some showdowns appear inevitable. They include a fresh battle in two months, and perhaps others to come, over whether to extend a payroll tax cut. Further down the road is the prospect of $1.2 trillion in automatic cuts over the next decade -- including $600 billion from the Pentagon -- if Obama and Congress can't agree on reducing the debt by that amount of money, through some combination of budget cuts and increased revenues. International challenges loom as well, including several featuring some of the United States' staunchest rivals. The recent death of North Korea's longtime leader Kim Jong Il has raised concerns about the stability and security of the Korean peninsula, where nearly 30,000 U.S. troops are stationed in South Korea, and worries remain about Pyongyang's nuclear arsenal. Syria remains plagued by violence, much of it perpetrated against citizens by state forces, according to opposition activists, human rights advocates and outside observers, including from the United Nations. Then, there is the matter of Iran. On Monday, Iranian forces test-fired two missiles into the Strait of Hormuz, according to the state-run Islamic Republic News Agency. This action came during military exercises that Western diplomats have described as further evidence of Tehran's volatile behavior. CNN's Peter Morris contributed to this report.