Toyota confirmed it would start using the new refrigerant in new models starting this year. The car maker's spokesman Jean-Yves Jault said: "We think the new refrigerant is as safe, yet much more environmentally friendly, as the previous one. This was confirmed by the SAE CRP investigation whose outcome we support. We undertook flammability tests and risk assessment with an independent third party institute, and the results confirmed the safety of the new refrigerant. He said that that the phenomenon of hydrogen fluoride gas is "not new," and that concentration of fluorine atoms was "actually much higher" in the historic refrigerant, R134a.