Athens issues threat to bond holdouts Greece has threatened to default on any of its bondholders who do not take part in a €206bn debt restructuring that officials believe is key to returning Athens to solvency, a move that turns up the heat on potential holdouts ahead of a deadline on Thursday. The Greek public debt management agency said in a statement Athens "does not contemplate the availability of funds" to pay private investors who hold onto their bonds once the restructuring occurs. The transaction is projected to wipe €100bn from Greece's debt pile, but 95 per cent of bondholders must particpate for that target to be reached. "There is no commitment not to pay, but there is a threat," said Charles Blitzer, a former senior IMF official. If you don't maximize participation, you're asking for more stress in the programme or more [bailout] money from the official sector. The threat is particularly aimed at 14 per cent of investors who own Greek bonds issued under international law. The remaining 86 per cent, who own €177bn in Greek-law bonds, were also warned that Athens would use new legal provisions, called collective action clauses, to force the deal on holdouts. That would almost certainly trigger credit default swaps, a form of insurance that could prove more lucrative for some holdouts but could lead to renewed market uncertainty. A Greek debt restructuring would mark the first time in more than 60 years an advanced economy has defaulted on its obligations and would be a new nadir in the two-year long eurozone crisis. People close to the restructuring, which will occur when investors trade in their current bond holdings for new debt with about half the face value, described the statement as aggressive. "It's a tactical move intended to ratchet up the pressure on bondholders who may be wavering," one said. The idea is that the higher the overall participation rate, the weaker the case will be for future litigation by hold-outs. Many of the potential holdouts in the international law bonds are hedge funds who bought on the hope of being paid back in full while investors with Greek-law securities would accept long-term losses of about 75 per cent. They need to realise that they don't have a free option here," another person close to the deal said. The offer closes Thursday and the CACs could be triggered on Friday; the new bonds investors will get in the swap are due to start trading on Monday. European and US shares suffered their worst day of the year on the news, although one market that was up was Athens where equities rose by more than 4 per cent. Italian and Spanish benchmark bond yields both moved above 5 per cent again. Additional reporting by Peter Spiegel