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      <h1  class="page-title">Climate Change Indicators: U.S. and Global Temperature</h1>
      
    
            
    
    
    
  
    



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<p>This indicator describes trends in average surface temperature for the United States and the world.</p>

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		<ul id="slideshow"><li><label for="img1"><strong>Figure 1.</strong> Temperatures in the Contiguous 48 States, 1901â€“2015</label> <span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png view-mode-full" style="width:100%px;"><img alt="Combined bar and line graph showing changes in average temperatures for the contiguous 48 states from 1901 to 2015." title="Temperatures in the Contiguous 48 States, 1901â€“2015" height="591" width="100%" class="media-element file-full" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/2016-07/temperature-figure1-2016.png" /></span>
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					<div class="col"><span><a href="/sites/production/files/2016-08/temperature_fig-1.csv"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:32px;"><img alt="Download Data" title="Download Data" height="32" width="32" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2015-12/spreadsheet4.png" /></span></a></span>Â  <span><a href="/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/2016-07/temperature-download1-2016.png"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:32px;"><img alt="Download Image" title="Download Image" height="32" width="32" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2015-12/images11.png" /></span></a></span>Â </div>

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					<p>This figure shows how annual average temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have changed since 1901. Surface data come from land-based weather stations. Satellite measurements cover the lower troposphere, which is the lowest level of the Earthâ€™s atmosphere. â€œUAHâ€? and â€œRSSâ€? represent two different methods of analyzing the original satellite measurements. This graph uses the 1901â€“2000 average as a baseline for depicting change. Choosing a different baseline period would not change the shape of the data over time.</p>

					<p>Data source: NOAA, 2016<a href="#ref1"><sup>1</sup></a><br /><em>Web update: </em><em>AugustÂ </em><em>2016</em></p>
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			<li><label for="img2"><strong>Figure 2.</strong> Temperatures Worldwide, 1901â€“2015</label> <span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png view-mode-full" style="width:100%px;"><img alt="Combined bar and line graph showing changes in average temperatures worldwide from 1901 to 2015." title="Temperatures Worldwide, 1901â€“2015" height="591" width="100%" class="media-element file-full" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/2016-07/temperature-figure2-2016.png" /></span>
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					<div class="col"><span><a href="/sites/production/files/2016-08/temperature_fig-2.csv"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:32px;"><img alt="Download Data" title="Download Data" height="32" width="32" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2015-12/spreadsheet4.png" /></span></a></span>Â  <span><a href="/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/2016-07/temperature-download2-2016.png"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:32px;"><img alt="Download Image" title="Download Image" height="32" width="32" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2015-12/images11.png" /></span></a></span>Â </div>

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					<p>This figure shows how annual average temperatures worldwide have changed since 1901. Surface data come from a combined set of land-based weather stations and sea surface temperature measurements. Satellite measurements cover the lower troposphere, which is the lowest level of the Earthâ€™s atmosphere. â€œUAHâ€? and â€œRSSâ€? represent two different methods of analyzing the original satellite measurements. This graph uses the 1901â€“2000 average as a baseline for depicting change. Choosing a different baseline period would not change the shape of the data over time.</p>

					<p>Data source: NOAA, 2016<a href="#ref2"><sup>2</sup></a><br /><em>Web update: </em><em>AugustÂ </em><em>2016</em></p>
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			<li><label for="img3"><strong>Figure 3.</strong> Rate of Temperature Change in the United States, 1901â€“2015</label> <span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png view-mode-full" style="width:100%px;"><img alt="Color-coded map showing how average air temperatures changed across the United States from 1901 to 2015." title="Rate of Temperature Change in the United States, 1901â€“2015" height="910" width="100%" class="media-element file-full" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/2016-07/temperature-figure3-2016.png" /></span>
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					<div class="col"><span><a href="/sites/production/files/2016-08/temperature_fig-3.csv"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:32px;"><img alt="Download Data" title="Download Data" height="32" width="32" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2015-12/spreadsheet4.png" /></span></a>Â </span>Â <span><a href="/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/2016-07/temperature-download3-2016.png"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:32px;"><img alt="Download Image" title="Download Image" height="32" width="32" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2015-12/images11.png" /></span></a></span>Â Â <span><a href="http://arcg.is/2epBNCz "><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-thumbnail" style="width:32px;"><img alt="KMZ Icon" title="View Interactive Map" height="32" width="32" class="inline media-element file-thumbnail inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2016-01/location73.png" /></span></a></span></div>

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					<p>This figure shows how annual average air temperatures have changed in different parts of the United States since the early 20<sup>th</sup> century (since 1901 for the contiguous 48 states and 1925 for Alaska). The data are shown for climate divisions, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.</p>

					<p>Data source: NOAA, 2016<a href="#ref3"><sup>3</sup></a><br /><em>Web update: </em><em>AugustÂ </em><em>2016</em></p>
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		<table class="nostyle"><thead><tr><th>Â </th>
				</tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="# " id="nav1-tmb"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png center view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="Combined bar and line graph showing changes in average temperatures for the contiguous 48 states from 1901 to 2015." title="Temperatures in the Contiguous 48 States, 1901â€“2015" height="112" width="160" class="center media-element file-teaser center" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/temperature-thumb1-2016.png" /></span></a></td>
				</tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="# " id="nav1"><small><b>Figure 1.</b> Temperatures in the Contiguous 48 States, 1901â€“2015</small></a></td>
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				</tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="# " id="nav2-tmb"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png center view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="Combined bar and line graph showing changes in average temperatures worldwide from 1901 to 2015." title="Temperatures Worldwide, 1901â€“2015" height="112" width="160" class="center media-element file-teaser center" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/temperature-thumb2-2016.png" /></span></a></td>
				</tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="# " id="nav2"><small><b>Figure 2.</b> Temperatures Worldwide, 1901â€“2015</small></a></td>
				</tr></tbody></table></div>

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		<table class="nostyle"><thead><tr><th>Â </th>
				</tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="# " id="nav3-tmb"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png center view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="Color-coded map showing how average air temperatures changed across the United States from 1901 to 2015." title="Rate of Temperature Change in the United States, 1901â€“2015" height="112" width="160" class="center media-element file-teaser center" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/temperature-thumb3-2016.png" /></span></a></td>
				</tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="# " id="nav3"><small><b>Figure 3.</b> Rate of Temperature Change in the United States, 1901â€“2015</small></a></td>
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	<ul class="tabs" id="tabsnav"><li><a class="menu-internal" href="#tab-1"><small>Â <br />Key Points</small></a></li>
		<li><a class="menu-internal" href="#tab-2"><small>Â <br />Background</small></a></li>
		<li><a class="menu-internal" href="#tab-3"><small>About the<br />Indicator</small></a></li>
		<li><a class="menu-internal" href="#tab-4"><small>Â <br />Indicator Notes</small></a></li>
		<li><a class="menu-internal" href="#tab-5"><small>Â <br />Data Sources</small></a></li>
<li><a class="menu-internal" href="#tab-6"><small>Technical<br />Documentation</small></a></li>
	</ul><div id="tab-1">
		<h3>Key Points</h3>

		<ul class="roomy"><li>Since 1901, the average surface temperature across the contiguous 48 states has risen at an average rate of 0.14Â°F per decade (see Figure 1). Average temperatures have risen more quickly since the late 1970s (0.29 to 0.46Â°F per decade since 1979). Eight of the top 10 warmest years on record for the contiguous 48 states have occurred since 1998, and 2012 and 2015 were the two warmest years on record.</li>
			<li>Worldwide, 2015 was the warmest year on record and 2006â€“2015 was the warmest decade on record since thermometer-based observations began. Global average surface temperature has risen at an average rate of 0.15Â°F per decade since 1901 (see Figure 2), similar to the rate of warming within the contiguous 48 states. Since the late 1970s, however, the United States has warmed faster than the global rate.</li>
			<li>Some parts of the United States have experienced more warming than others (see Figure 3). The North, the West, and Alaska have seen temperatures increase the most, while some parts of the Southeast have experienced little change. Not all of these regional trends are statistically significant, however.</li>
		</ul></div>

	<div id="tab-2">
		<h3>Background</h3>

		<p>Temperature is a fundamental measurement for describing the climate, and the temperature in particular places can have wide-ranging effects on human life and ecosystems. For example, increases in air temperature can lead to more intense heat waves, which can cause illness and death, especially in vulnerable populations. Annual and seasonal temperature patterns also determine the types of animals and plants that can survive in particular locations. Changes in temperature can disrupt a wide range of natural processes, particularly if these changes occur more quickly than plant and animal species can adapt.</p>

		<p>Concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are increasing in the Earthâ€™s atmosphere (see the <a href="/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-atmospheric-concentrations-greenhouse-gases">Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases</a> indicator). In response, average temperatures at the Earthâ€™s surface are increasing and are expected to continue rising. Because climate change can shift the wind patterns and ocean currents that drive the worldâ€™s climate system, some areas are warming more than others, and some have experienced cooling.</p>
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		<h3>About the Indicator</h3>

		<p>This indicator examines U.S. and global surface temperature patterns over time. U.S. surface measurements come from weather stations on land, while global surface measurements also incorporate observations from buoys and ships on the ocean, thereby providing data from sites spanning much of the surface of the Earth. This indicator starts at 1901 except for the detailed map of Alaska, where reliable statewide records are available back to 1925. For comparison, this indicator also displays satellite measurements that can be used to estimate the temperature of the Earthâ€™s lower atmosphere since 1979.</p>

		<p>This indicator shows annual anomalies, or differences, compared with the average temperature from 1901 to 2000. For example, an anomaly of +2.0 degrees means the average temperature was 2 degrees higher than the long-term average. Anomalies have been calculated for each weather station. Daily temperature measurements at each site were used to calculate monthly anomalies, which were then averaged to find an annual temperature anomaly for each year. Anomalies for the contiguous 48 states and Alaska have been determined by calculating average anomalies for areas within each state based on station density, interpolation, and topography. These regional anomalies are then averaged together in proportion to their area to develop national results. Similarly, global anomalies have been determined by dividing the world into a grid, averaging the data for each cell of the grid, and then averaging the grid cells together.</p>
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		<h3>Indicator Notes</h3>

		<p>Data from the early 20<sup>th</sup> century are somewhat less precise than more recent data because there were fewer stations collecting measurements at the time, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The overall trends are still reliable, however. Where possible, the data have been adjusted to account for any biases that might be introduced by factors such as station moves, urbanization near the station, changes in measuring instruments, and changes in the exact times at which measurements are taken.</p>

		<p>Hawaii and U.S. territories are not included, due to limitations in available data.</p>
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	<div id="tab-5">
		<h3>Data Sources</h3>

		<p>The data for this indicator were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrationâ€™s National Centers for Environmental Information, which maintains a large collection of climate data online at: <a href="http://www.ncei.noaa.gov">www.ncei.noaa.gov</a>. The surface temperature anomalies shown here were calculated based on monthly values from a network of long-term monitoring stations. Satellite data were analyzed by two independent groupsâ€”the Global Hydrology and Climate Center at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) and Remote Sensing Systems (RSS)â€”resulting in slightly different trend lines.</p>
	</div>

	<div id="tab-6">
		<h3>Technical Documentation</h3>

		<ul><li><a href="/climate-indicators/downloads-indicators-technical-documentation">Download related technical information PDF</a></li>
		</ul></div>
</div>

<hr /><h3>References</h3>

<p><small><sup><a id="ref1" name="ref1"></a>1 </sup>NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2016. National Centers for Environmental Information. Accessed February 2016. <a href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/">www.ncei.noaa.gov</a>.</small></p>

<p><small><sup><a id="ref2" name="ref2"></a>2</sup> NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2016. National Centers for Environmental Information. Accessed February 2016. <a href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/">www.ncei.noaa.gov</a>.</small></p>

<p><small><sup><a id="ref3" name="ref3"></a>3 </sup>NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2016. National Centers for Environmental Information. Accessed February 2016. <a href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/">www.ncei.noaa.gov</a>.Â </small></p>

<hr /><p><a href="/climate-indicators/printer-friendly-pdf-downloads-indicator-text-and-figures">Printer-friendly PDF of all text and figures</a></p>
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    <h3>Learn about other indicators in this section</h3>

<p><a href="/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-and-global-temperature"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="U.S. and Global Temperature" height="130" width="160" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/temperature-landing-thumb-2016.png" title="" /></span></a>Â <a href="/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-high-and-low-temperatures"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="High and Low Temperatures" height="130" width="160" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/high-low-temps-landing-thumb-2016.png" title="" /></span></a>Â <a href="/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-and-global-precipitation"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="U.S. and Global Precipitation" height="130" width="160" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/precipitation-landing-thumb-2016.png" title="" /></span></a>Â <a href="/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heavy-precipitation"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="Heavy Precipitation" height="130" width="160" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/heavy-precip-landing-thumb-2016.png" title="" /></span></a>Â <a href="/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-tropical-cyclone-activity"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="Tropical Cyclone Activity" height="130" width="160" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/cyclones-landing-thumb-2016.png" title="" /></span></a>Â <a href="/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-river-flooding"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="River Flooding" height="130" width="160" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/river-flooding-landing-thumb-2016.png" title="" /></span></a>Â <a href="/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-drought"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="Drought" height="130" width="160" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/drought-landing-thumb-2016.png" title="" /></span></a>Â <a href="/climate-indicators/southwest"><span
    class="figure image file file-image file-image-png inline view-mode-teaser" style="width:160px;"><img alt="Temperature and Drought in the Southwest" height="130" width="160" class="inline media-element file-teaser inline" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/small/public/2016-07/southwest-landing-thumb-2016.png" title="" /></span></a></p>
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