Question: why do some fighter jets have two pilots

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It's primarily a question of pilot workload and military policy at design time. You'll notice that the primary two-seat fighters and attack planes in the U.S. armed forces (designation F or A) were designed in the late Korean through Vietnam eras, representing the third and early fourth generation of fighter design. This was a critical period of transition from the fighter philosophy of the World Wars and Korea, primarily day fighters engaging in visual-range combat with guns, to modern air combat involving all-weather precision engagements beginning BVR through use of radar, missiles and targeting computers. As these systems were added to fighter cockpits in the early "century series", developing what would eventually be known as the "multirole fighter", pilot workload grew dramatically compared to the relatively simple layouts and weapons systems of propeller and early jet dogfighters. As a result, these systems, intended to increase pilot situational awareness, ended up doing the exact opposite, forcing the pilot to keep his head "in the cockpit" reading gauges and displays, with his situational awareness of what was going on outside the plane somewhere around his ankles. With the problem identified but insufficient technology to take critical "heads-down" tasks like navigation away from the pilot, designers initially addressed it by adding a second crewman, whose job it would be to handle tasks not directly associated with the primary operation of the plane, such as navigation, managing the radar, keeping an extra pair of eyes on the sky around them, handling radio communications, etc. This guy is officially known in most situations as the Radar Intercept Officer or RIO, or informally as the GIB (Guy In Back). It would take a few more technological developments, like the inertial navigation system, heads-up display, HOTAS control layouts, the integrated fire control computer, and advanced C4I capability like AWACS/JSTARS, before the workload inherent in the average fighter sortie could reasonably be handled by one crewman. AWACS can guide and advise pilots much like civilian ATC, the inertial navigation system allows pilots to simply point their plane in the indicated direction as opposed to monitoring nav beacons to figure out exactly where they were, and the HUD and HOTAS got the pilot's head out of the cockpit by placing the information and controls he needs to fly the jet effectively in combat where they're supposed to be;

aircraft design - Why do some fighter jets have two pilots while others have only one? - Aviation Stack Exchange

Why do some fighter jets have two pilots while others have only one?
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Why do some fighter jets have two pilots while others have only one?
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 As a result, these systems, intended to increase pilot situational awareness, ended up doing the exact opposite, forcing the pilot to keep his head "in the cockpit" reading gauges and displays, with his situational awareness of what was going on outside the plane somewhere around his ankles. With the problem identified but insufficient technology to take critical "heads-down" tasks like navigation away from the pilot, designers initially addressed it by adding a second crewman, whose job it would be to handle tasks not directly associated with the primary operation of the plane, such as navigation, managing the radar, keeping an extra pair of eyes on the sky around them, handling radio communications, etc. This guy is officially known in most situations as the Radar Intercept Officer or RIO, or informally as the GIB (Guy In Back). It would take a few more technological developments, like the inertial navigation system, heads-up display, HOTAS control layouts, the integrated fire control computer, and advanced C4I capability like AWACS/JSTARS, before the workload inherent in the average fighter sortie could reasonably be handled by one crewman. AWACS can guide and advise pilots much like civilian ATC, the inertial navigation system allows pilots to simply point their plane in the indicated direction as opposed to monitoring nav beacons to figure out exactly where they were, and the HUD and HOTAS got the pilot's head out of the cockpit by placing the information and controls he needs to fly the jet effectively in combat where they're supposed to be; right in front of him and/or at his fingertips. The primary fighter and attack jets of the third and fourth generation to utilize a 2-man crew include the F-4 Phantom, F-111 Aardvark, A-6 Intruder, the F-14 Tomcat, and the B and D variants of the F-15 Eagle, F-16 Falcon and F-18 Hornet. Notice by the development of the F-15 through F-18 that designers and US top brass were already considering single-seaters to be sufficient; the development and integration of the aforementioned systems into U.S. fourth-generation fighters had successfully made the workload presented by the plane more manageable by one person, thus the backseater (who required expensive flight training just like the pilot) could be moved to a second plane as pilot instead of riding along in the first, and the B/D variants of the Eagle, Falcon and Hornet were primarily used as trainers. However, all these designs were laid out in both one and two-seat variants just in case;

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 right in front of him and/or at his fingertips. The primary fighter and attack jets of the third and fourth generation to utilize a 2-man crew include the F-4 Phantom, F-111 Aardvark, A-6 Intruder, the F-14 Tomcat, and the B and D variants of the F-15 Eagle, F-16 Falcon and F-18 Hornet. Notice by the development of the F-15 through F-18 that designers and US top brass were already considering single-seaters to be sufficient; the development and integration of the aforementioned systems into U.S. fourth-generation fighters had successfully made the workload presented by the plane more manageable by one person, thus the backseater (who required expensive flight training just like the pilot) could be moved to a second plane as pilot instead of riding along in the first, and the B/D variants of the Eagle, Falcon and Hornet were primarily used as trainers. However, all these designs were laid out in both one and two-seat variants just in case; the next fighters developed domestically for the USAF, the F-22 and F-23, were single-seat only (at least one two-seat F-22B was built, whether as a trainer or preproduction evaluation model, but the USAF never seriously considered a two-seater). The F-35 was never even proposed as a two-seater, primarily because every cubic inch of the design is spoken for especially in the STOVL-capable B variant. The remaining two-seat fighters in the U.S. arsenal are the F-15E strike fighter (the backseater having the unique title of "Weapons Systems Officer" or "Wizzo" and being responsible for the fairly complex radar and targeting systems aboard) and variants of the F/A-18 including the F-variant "Super Hornet" and G-variant "Growler" EW fighter. In all these cases the GIB usually manages the advanced radar, targeting and jamming systems of these craft, as well as assisting in dogfighting by providing a second set of eyes especially behind the aircraft. The EA-6B Prowler, an older EW aircraft replaced just this year with the EA-18G Growler, had a crew of four;

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 Previously, say the 1970s and before, 2 seat fighters were sometimes necessary due to the technology available at that time. The F-4 and F-14 for example, the 2nd seater operated the radar because the pilot really couldn't keep his head in the cockpit when engaging multiple enemy contacts or when the fight was close in. Head up displays weren't available so the aircraft systems available to the pilot by necessity was kept limited in order to limit pilot overload. Share
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All fighter aircraft have one pilot, though some have two crew members. The backseat crew member is not a pilot, but often either a Radar Intercept Officer (US Navy), Navigator / Weapon Systems Officer (USAF, IDF), or Flight instructor. Though not fighter aircraft, I believe that the SR-71 backseat crewmember operated the reconnaissance equipment as the single crewmember on the U2 was often overloaded with keeping the thing in the coffin corner and operating the reconnaissance equipment. Jan and Habu mention in the comments that the SR-71 backseat crew member was also the navigator and operated the ECM equipment. Additional comments mention that the B-1B consists of four crew members: two pilots, an OSO (offensive systems operator), and a DSO (defensive systems operator). The B2 has two crew members, both pilots, and while one is flying the other can rest, navigate, or operate the weapons system.

Previously, say the 1970s and before, 2 seat fighters were sometimes necessary due to the technology available at that time. The F-4 and F-14 for example, the 2nd seater operated the radar because the pilot really couldn't keep his head in the cockpit when engaging multiple enemy contacts or when the fight was close in. Head up displays weren't available so the aircraft systems available to the pilot by necessity was kept limited in order to limit pilot overload. Share
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answered Jun 1 '15 at 9:32
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All fighter aircraft have one pilot, though some have two crew members. The backseat crew member is not a pilot, but often either a Radar Intercept Officer (US Navy), Navigator / Weapon Systems Officer (USAF, IDF), or Flight instructor. Though not fighter aircraft, I believe that the SR-71 backseat crewmember operated the reconnaissance equipment as the single crewmember on the U2 was often overloaded with keeping the thing in the coffin corner and operating the reconnaissance equipment. Jan and Habu mention in the comments that the SR-71 backseat crew member was also the navigator and operated the ECM equipment. Additional comments mention that the B-1B consists of four crew members: two pilots, an OSO (offensive systems operator), and a DSO (defensive systems operator). The B2 has two crew members, both pilots, and while one is flying the other can rest, navigate, or operate the weapons system.

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The primary reason any fighter aircraft would be designed for two crew members is work load. As avionics, sensors and weapon systems advance they become easier for a single pilot to operate, which is why far fewer fighter aircraft have two crew members now than in the past. Share
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answered Jun 1 '15 at 15:26
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Two-pilot versions of almost all military planes exist (including the SR-71 until its retirement). They are for training pilots to fly them. Share
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answered Jun 1 '15 at 19:51
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Others have already provided many details on the uses for two-seat fighters, US names and practices, etc. but note that for the Rafale specifically, the two-seat variant is not merely a training version. In fact, some users, including the French Air Force, have more two-seat than single-seat planes. The person seating in the second seat is often a “navigator” who assists the pilot and operates the weapon systems but I think that their controls are exactly the same so that the plane could be piloted from the back seat. Note that the Rafale was not designed as a fighter but as “multirole” aircraft, doing everything including reconnaissance, ground attack,

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The primary reason any fighter aircraft would be designed for two crew members is work load. As avionics, sensors and weapon systems advance they become easier for a single pilot to operate, which is why far fewer fighter aircraft have two crew members now than in the past. Share
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answered Jun 1 '15 at 15:26
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Two-pilot versions of almost all military planes exist (including the SR-71 until its retirement). They are for training pilots to fly them. Share
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answered Jun 1 '15 at 19:51
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Others have already provided many details on the uses for two-seat fighters, US names and practices, etc. but note that for the Rafale specifically, the two-seat variant is not merely a training version. In fact, some users, including the French Air Force, have more two-seat than single-seat planes. The person seating in the second seat is often a “navigator” who assists the pilot and operates the weapon systems but I think that their controls are exactly the same so that the plane could be piloted from the back seat. Note that the Rafale was not designed as a fighter but as “multirole” aircraft, doing everything including reconnaissance, ground attack,

aircraft design - Why do some fighter jets have two pilots while others have only one? - Aviation Stack Exchange
Why do some fighter jets have two pilots while others have only one?
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 the next fighters developed domestically for the USAF, the F-22 and F-23, were single-seat only (at least one two-seat F-22B was built, whether as a trainer or preproduction evaluation model, but the USAF never seriously considered a two-seater). The F-35 was never even proposed as a two-seater, primarily because every cubic inch of the design is spoken for especially in the STOVL-capable B variant. The remaining two-seat fighters in the U.S. arsenal are the F-15E strike fighter (the backseater having the unique title of "Weapons Systems Officer" or "Wizzo" and being responsible for the fairly complex radar and targeting systems aboard) and variants of the F/A-18 including the F-variant "Super Hornet" and G-variant "Growler" EW fighter. In all these cases the GIB usually manages the advanced radar, targeting and jamming systems of these craft, as well as assisting in dogfighting by providing a second set of eyes especially behind the aircraft. The EA-6B Prowler, an older EW aircraft replaced just this year with the EA-18G Growler, had a crew of four; one pilot and three countermeasures officers. Share
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In addition to Vivian jeet Singh Sudan's answer, most tactical aircraft also have training versions, which are indeed two-seaters with dual flight controls with the instructor sitting in the back. The two-seat Eurofighters, Rafales, versions B & D of the Eagle and Fighting Falcon, anything from MiG or Sukhoi with a -UB suffix, etc. are all examples of this. That's not to say that they can't be operated in a pilot + weapons officer configuration (or single-pilot for that matter) and they normally retain full combat capability, but they're primarily intended for initial training, checkrides, and the like.

aircraft design - Why do some fighter jets have two pilots while others have only one? - Aviation Stack Exchange
Why do some fighter jets have two pilots while others have only one?
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 Though not fighter aircraft, I believe that the SR-71 backseat crewmember operated the reconnaissance equipment as the single crewmember on the U2 was often overloaded with keeping the thing in the coffin corner and operating the reconnaissance equipment. Jan and Habu mention in the comments that the SR-71 backseat crew member was also the navigator and operated the ECM equipment. Additional comments mention that the B-1B consists of four crew members: two pilots, an OSO (offensive systems operator), and a DSO (defensive systems operator). The B2 has two crew members, both pilots, and while one is flying the other can rest, navigate, or operate the weapons system. Thanks to Jan, Habu, and Joel for comments and clarifications! Share
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It's primarily a question of pilot workload and military policy at design time. You'll notice that the primary two-seat fighters and attack planes in the U.S. armed forces (designation F or A) were designed in the late Korean through Vietnam eras, representing the third and early fourth generation of fighter design. This was a critical period of transition from the fighter philosophy of the World Wars and Korea, primarily day fighters engaging in visual-range combat with guns, to modern air combat involving all-weather precision engagements beginning BVR through use of radar, missiles and targeting computers. As these systems were added to fighter cockpits in the early "century series", developing what would eventually be known as the "multirole fighter", pilot workload grew dramatically compared to the relatively simple layouts and weapons systems of propeller and early jet dogfighters.

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Speaking of fighters in their basic role, there are 2. Interception and escort. A single seat fighter would be superior in both scenarios because the space occupied by the second seater, plus the life support systems double the weight which can be put to fuel, countermeasures or weapons, and the extra weight and space will affect handling in air to air combat. When the role is ground attack, 2 seat versions can be an advantage, such as SAM suppression mission, bombing and other types of strikes. All of the above applies to modern aircraft. Previously, say the 1970s and before, 2 seat fighters were sometimes necessary due to the technology available at that time. The F-4 and F-14 for example, the 2nd seater operated the radar because the pilot really couldn't keep his head in the cockpit when engaging multiple enemy contacts or when the fight was close in. Head up displays weren't available so the aircraft systems available to the pilot by necessity was kept limited in order to limit pilot overload. Share
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All fighter aircraft have one pilot, though some have two crew members. The backseat crew member is not a pilot, but often either a Radar Intercept Officer (US Navy), Navigator / Weapon Systems Officer (USAF, IDF), or Flight instructor.

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 one pilot and three countermeasures officers. Share
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In addition to Vivian jeet Singh Sudan's answer, most tactical aircraft also have training versions, which are indeed two-seaters with dual flight controls with the instructor sitting in the back. The two-seat Eurofighters, Rafales, versions B & D of the Eagle and Fighting Falcon, anything from MiG or Sukhoi with a -UB suffix, etc. are all examples of this. That's not to say that they can't be operated in a pilot + weapons officer configuration (or single-pilot for that matter) and they normally retain full combat capability, but they're primarily intended for initial training, checkrides, and the like. Share
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The primary reason any fighter aircraft would be designed for two crew members is work load. As avionics, sensors and weapon systems advance they become easier for a single pilot to operate, which is why far fewer fighter aircraft have two crew members now than in the past. Share
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answered Jun 1 '15 at 15:26
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Two-pilot versions of almost all military planes exist (including the SR-71 until its retirement). They are for training pilots to fly them. Share
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answered Jun 1 '15 at 19:51
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Others have already provided many details on the uses for two-seat fighters, US names and practices, etc.

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Why do some fighter jets have two pilots, while some have only one? For example the newer fighter jets such as Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter typhoon etc. are mostly with single-seat, but two-seat models of these jets are also available. aircraft-design fighter cockpit jet
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Speaking of fighters in their basic role, there are 2. Interception and escort. A single seat fighter would be superior in both scenarios because the space occupied by the second seater, plus the life support systems double the weight which can be put to fuel, countermeasures or weapons, and the extra weight and space will affect handling in air to air combat. When the role is ground attack, 2 seat versions can be an advantage, such as SAM suppression mission, bombing and other types of strikes. All of the above applies to modern aircraft.

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Why do some fighter jets have two pilots, while some have only one? For example the newer fighter jets such as Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter typhoon etc. are mostly with single-seat, but two-seat models of these jets are also available. aircraft-design fighter cockpit jet
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Speaking of fighters in their basic role, there are 2. Interception and escort. A single seat fighter would be superior in both scenarios because the space occupied by the second seater, plus the life support systems double the weight which can be put to fuel, countermeasures or weapons, and the extra weight and space will affect handling in air to air combat. When the role is ground attack, 2 seat versions can be an advantage, such as SAM suppression mission, bombing and other types of strikes. All of the above applies to modern aircraft.

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 Attack aircraft and all-weather interceptors often use a second crew member to operate avionics such as radar, or as a second pilot. Bombers such as the Convair B-58 Hustler seated three crew members in tandem. A common engineering adaptation is to lengthen the cockpit or fuselage to create a trainer with tandem seating from a single-seater aircraft. Side-by-side seating
Tandem seat Gloster Meteor and side-by-side seat Hawker Hunter (trainer)
An alternative configuration is side-by-side seating, which is common in civil aircraft of all sizes, trainers and large military aircraft, but less so in high performance jets and gliders where drag reduction is paramount. The Boeing B-47 Stratojet and Boeing XB-52 bombers used fighter-style tandem seating, but the final B-52 bomber series used a conventional side-by-side cockpit. The Grumman A-6 Intruder, General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark, Sukhoi Su-24 or the Sukhoi Su-34 are examples of combat aircraft that use this configuration. For training aircraft, it has the advantage that pilot and instructor can see each other's actions, allowing the pilot to learn from the instructor and the instructor to correct the student pilot. The tandem configuration has the advantage of being closer to the normal working environment that a fast jet pilot is likely to encounter. In some cases, such as the Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler, a two-place aircraft can be lengthened into a four-place aircraft. Also, a single seat cockpit can be redesigned into a side-by-side arrangement in the case of the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, TF-102 trainer or the Hawker Hunter training versions.

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Attack aircraft and all-weather interceptors often use a second crew member to operate avionics such as radar, or as a second pilot. Bombers such as the Convair B-58 Hustler seated three crew members in tandem. A common engineering adaptation is to lengthen the cockpit or fuselage to create a trainer with tandem seating from a single-seater aircraft. Side-by-side seating
Tandem seat Gloster Meteor and side-by-side seat Hawker Hunter (trainer)
An alternative configuration is side-by-side seating, which is common in civil aircraft of all sizes, trainers and large military aircraft, but less so in high performance jets and gliders where drag reduction is paramount. The Boeing B-47 Stratojet and Boeing XB-52 bombers used fighter-style tandem seating, but the final B-52 bomber series used a conventional side-by-side cockpit. The Grumman A-6 Intruder, General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark, Sukhoi Su-24 or the Sukhoi Su-34 are examples of combat aircraft that use this configuration. For training aircraft, it has the advantage that pilot and instructor can see each other's actions, allowing the pilot to learn from the instructor and the instructor to correct the student pilot. The tandem configuration has the advantage of being closer to the normal working environment that a fast jet pilot is likely to encounter. In some cases, such as the Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler, a two-place aircraft can be lengthened into a four-place aircraft. Also, a single seat cockpit can be redesigned into a side-by-side arrangement in the case of the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, TF-102 trainer or the Hawker Hunter training versions.

Single Pilot Jets | Flying Single Pilot Jets
Single Pilot Jets To earn that rating the pilot must be trained and checked under an approved program. These airplanes are eligible to be flown by a single pilot, but not just any single pilot. The FAA still begins with the assumption that a jet or airplane weighing more than 12,500 pounds will require a crew of two and it's up to the manufacturer to demonstrate otherwise. Approval for single-pilot operation is one of the final steps in certification of a new business jet, or an airplane in the commuter category. Many of the requirements for single-pilot operation are obvious. For example, the landing gear handle needs to be easily reachable from the left seat, which is not always the case in jets. The design of the basic controls is also crucial. For example, it would be almost impossible to get single-pilot approval for a jet with tiller steering for the nosewheel because at crucial times during takeoff or landing the left seat pilot needs one hand for the tiller and the other for the throttles, with nothing left for the flight controls. All other controls, switches and essential items must also be located so a single pilot can easily see and reach them. And the autopilot must be fully and seamlessly integrated into the airplane and its navigation systems, and the complete autopilot system must be functional for every flight with only one pilot.

Single Pilot Jets | Flying

To earn that rating the pilot must be trained and checked under an approved program. These airplanes are eligible to be flown by a single pilot, but not just any single pilot. The FAA still begins with the assumption that a jet or airplane weighing more than 12,500 pounds will require a crew of two and it's up to the manufacturer to demonstrate otherwise. Approval for single-pilot operation is one of the final steps in certification of a new business jet, or an airplane in the commuter category. Many of the requirements for single-pilot operation are obvious. For example, the landing gear handle needs to be easily reachable from the left seat, which is not always the case in jets. The design of the basic controls is also crucial. For example, it would be almost impossible to get single-pilot approval for a jet with tiller steering for the nosewheel because at crucial times during takeoff or landing the left seat pilot needs one hand for the tiller and the other for the throttles, with nothing left for the flight controls. All other controls, switches and essential items must also be located so a single pilot can easily see and reach them. And the autopilot must be fully and seamlessly integrated into the airplane and its navigation systems, and the complete autopilot system must be functional for every flight with only one pilot.

Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
UPDATE: February 4, 2015
ORIGINAL POST: January 30, 2015
For more about pilot training, lifestyle and culture, see chapter four in the new book.
 CNN’s Anderson Cooper asked expert Dave Soucie the other night, in a discussion of the AirAsia crash. Soucie’s half-baked answer did nothing to sway the accepted notion that a copilot is something less than a “real” pilot and thus not entitled to actually fly an airplane. I’ve harped on this before. It’s in my book. I wrote about it numerous times in my columns at Salon, and in earlier posts on this site. That nobody is getting the message is a testament either to my own lack of reach or to stubbornness on the part of journalists. Maybe it’s both. Either way, allow me to cut and paste: Dear Anderson, et al: There are always at least two pilots in a jetliner cockpit — a captain and first officer — and both of these individuals are fully qualified to operate the aircraft.

Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots

Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
UPDATE: February 4, 2015
ORIGINAL POST: January 30, 2015
For more about pilot training, lifestyle and culture, see chapter four in the new book.

CNN’s Anderson Cooper asked expert Dave Soucie the other night, in a discussion of the AirAsia crash. Soucie’s half-baked answer did nothing to sway the accepted notion that a copilot is something less than a “real” pilot and thus not entitled to actually fly an airplane. I’ve harped on this before. It’s in my book. I wrote about it numerous times in my columns at Salon, and in earlier posts on this site. That nobody is getting the message is a testament either to my own lack of reach or to stubbornness on the part of journalists. Maybe it’s both. Either way, allow me to cut and paste: Dear Anderson, et al: There are always at least two pilots in a jetliner cockpit — a captain and first officer — and both of these individuals are fully qualified to operate the aircraft.

Two-man rule - Wikipedia Two-man rule
Two-man rule
Contents
United States: nuclear weapons
Cryptographic material
No-lone zone
Other uses
Civilian aircraft
In popular culture
See also
References
 While such requirements are common in financial systems, they are also used in controls for critical infrastructure, such as nuclear reactors for electrical power generation, and dangerous operations, such as biohazard research facilities. Finally, the testimony of two witnesses is valuable in various situations to deter a wrongful act or a false accusation of one, or to prove that a wrongful act occurred. In some correctional facilities inmates may be given a "two man rule" designation, which means that a minimum of two correctional officers must be utilized to move that particular inmate, primarily due to disciplinary reasons or possible officer safety issues. Civilian aircraft
In late March 2015 many national aviation authorities and/or airlines made the cockpits of aircraft in flight mandatory "two-man" or "no-lone zones" as a result of the Germanwings Flight 9525 crash. Early on in the investigation of that crash, it was believed from the cockpit voice recorder audio, and later supported by flight data recorder information, that the co-pilot deliberately crashed the aircraft after locking the cockpit door when the captain left to use the toilet. In popular culture
In the film The Hunt for Red October, when Captain Ramius takes the dead political officer's missile key, a fellow officer, the ship's doctor, requests that he have the key, using the two-man rule as his reason, saying, "The reason for having two missile keys is so that no one man may arm the missiles." The two-man rule was crucial in the movie Crimson Tide when the captain and the executive officer of the USS Alabama disagreed over the release of nuclear weapons. In the Tom Clancy novel The Sum of All Fears, President Robert Fowler and Jack Ryan, as Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, were the two men that were authorized to issue a nuclear launch order against a city thought to be harboring a terrorist leader. Ryan refused to validate the launch order and the nuclear attack is aborted. Ryan was serving as the second man because the Secretary of Defense was killed in a terrorist attack.

Two-man rule - Wikipedia

Two-man rule
Two-man rule
Contents
United States: nuclear weapons
Cryptographic material
No-lone zone
Other uses
Civilian aircraft
In popular culture
See also
References

Mikoyan MiG-31 | Military Wiki | Fandom Mikoyan MiG-31
Mikoyan MiG-31
Development
Replacement
Design
Airframe and engines
Electronics suite
Radars
Cockpit
Armament
Operational history
Export
Variants
Operators
Former operators
Specifications (MiG-31)
General characteristics
Performance
Armament
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
 In April 1994 it was used with an R-37 to hit a target at 300 km distance. [ citation needed] It has a search range 400 km versus a 19/20 sq m RCS target and can track 24 targets at once, engaging six (282 km for 5m2 ). Cockpit
The aircraft is a two-seater with the rear seat occupant controlling the radar. Although cockpit controls are duplicated across cockpits, it is normal for the aircraft to be flown only from the front seat. The pilot flies the aircraft by means of a centre stick and left hand throttles. The rear cockpit has only two small vision ports on the sides of the canopy. It is argued that the presence of the WSO (Weapon Systems Operator) in the rear cockpit improves aircraft effectiveness since the WSO is entirely dedicated to radar operations and weapons deployment. This decreases the workload of the pilot and increases efficiency. Both cockpits are fitted with zero/zero ejection seats which allow the crew to eject at any altitude and airspeed. It has been claimed by Russian Federation Defence Ministry chief Colonel Yuri Balyko, that the upgrade will increase the combat effectiveness of the aircraft several times over.

Mikoyan MiG-31 | Military Wiki | Fandom

Mikoyan MiG-31
Mikoyan MiG-31
Development
Replacement
Design
Airframe and engines
Electronics suite
Radars
Cockpit
Armament
Operational history
Export
Variants
Operators
Former operators
Specifications (MiG-31)
General characteristics
Performance
Armament
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links

In April 1994 it was used with an R-37 to hit a target at 300 km distance. [ citation needed] It has a search range 400 km versus a 19/20 sq m RCS target and can track 24 targets at once, engaging six (282 km for 5m2 ). Cockpit
The aircraft is a two-seater with the rear seat occupant controlling the radar. Although cockpit controls are duplicated across cockpits, it is normal for the aircraft to be flown only from the front seat. The pilot flies the aircraft by means of a centre stick and left hand throttles. The rear cockpit has only two small vision ports on the sides of the canopy. It is argued that the presence of the WSO (Weapon Systems Operator) in the rear cockpit improves aircraft effectiveness since the WSO is entirely dedicated to radar operations and weapons deployment. This decreases the workload of the pilot and increases efficiency. Both cockpits are fitted with zero/zero ejection seats which allow the crew to eject at any altitude and airspeed. It has been claimed by Russian Federation Defence Ministry chief Colonel Yuri Balyko, that the upgrade will increase the combat effectiveness of the aircraft several times over.

How F-15s Work | HowStuffWorks How F-15s Work
How F-15s Work
An F-15C Eagle prepares to refuel.
The F-15 Strike Eagle (bottom) carries a number of air-to-ground weapons in addition to the air-to-air weapons you'll find on an F-15C (top).
F-15 Models
An Air Force maintenance squadron tests out a Pratt Whitney F100-PW-220e engine configured for the F-15.
An F-15's high thrust-to-weight ratio and low wing loading let it shoot off the ground at a sharp angle.
Mechanical and Electronic Systems
If You're Shopping...
Controls
Citation
 Surprisingly, the Air Force's temporary solution turned out to be one of the best fighter bombers ever made. In Operation Desert Storm, the Strike Eagle proved it could successfully fight its way past enemy planes, hit several ground targets, and then fight its way out of enemy territory. In the next section, we'll see how these two planes are put together and find out how they dive, climb and dodge so gracefully. An F-15 has most of the elements you'll find on an ordinary jet plane. It has two wings that generate lift, it has rear vertical and horizontal stabilizers and rudders that balance and steer the plane, and it has twin turbofan jet engines at the rear of the plane that generate thrust. F-15 Models
F-15A - The original F-15 combat plane, the F-15A first flew in July 1972. Like the current F-15C, this plane is designed for a single pilot. F-15B - The original F-15 training plane, the F-15B first flew in July 1973. This plane has two pilot stations -- one for an experienced instructor and one for a pilot in training. F-15C - An updated version of the F-15A, the Air Force added the F-15C in 1979.

How F-15s Work | HowStuffWorks

How F-15s Work
How F-15s Work
An F-15C Eagle prepares to refuel.
The F-15 Strike Eagle (bottom) carries a number of air-to-ground weapons in addition to the air-to-air weapons you'll find on an F-15C (top).
F-15 Models
An Air Force maintenance squadron tests out a Pratt Whitney F100-PW-220e engine configured for the F-15.
An F-15's high thrust-to-weight ratio and low wing loading let it shoot off the ground at a sharp angle.
Mechanical and Electronic Systems
If You're Shopping...
Controls
Citation

Surprisingly, the Air Force's temporary solution turned out to be one of the best fighter bombers ever made. In Operation Desert Storm, the Strike Eagle proved it could successfully fight its way past enemy planes, hit several ground targets, and then fight its way out of enemy territory. In the next section, we'll see how these two planes are put together and find out how they dive, climb and dodge so gracefully. An F-15 has most of the elements you'll find on an ordinary jet plane. It has two wings that generate lift, it has rear vertical and horizontal stabilizers and rudders that balance and steer the plane, and it has twin turbofan jet engines at the rear of the plane that generate thrust. F-15 Models
F-15A - The original F-15 combat plane, the F-15A first flew in July 1972. Like the current F-15C, this plane is designed for a single pilot. F-15B - The original F-15 training plane, the F-15B first flew in July 1973. This plane has two pilot stations -- one for an experienced instructor and one for a pilot in training. F-15C - An updated version of the F-15A, the Air Force added the F-15C in 1979.

Two-man rule - Wikipedia Two-man rule
Two-man rule
Contents
United States: nuclear weapons
Cryptographic material
No-lone zone
Other uses
Civilian aircraft
In popular culture
See also
References
 None of them knows the entire combination, and all of them must be physically present in order to open the vault. As an extension of the broader rationale for the "two-man rule", regulations for some companies or not-for-profit organizations may require signatures of two executives on checks. These rules make it harder for an individual acting alone to defraud the organization. Some software systems enforce a two-man rule whereby certain actions (for example, funds wire transfers) can only take place if approved by two authorized users. This helps prevent expensive errors, and makes it more difficult to commit fraud or embezzlement. While such requirements are common in financial systems, they are also used in controls for critical infrastructure, such as nuclear reactors for electrical power generation, and dangerous operations, such as biohazard research facilities. Finally, the testimony of two witnesses is valuable in various situations to deter a wrongful act or a false accusation of one, or to prove that a wrongful act occurred. In some correctional facilities inmates may be given a "two man rule" designation, which means that a minimum of two correctional officers must be utilized to move that particular inmate, primarily due to disciplinary reasons or possible officer safety issues. Civilian aircraft
In late March 2015 many national aviation authorities and/or airlines made the cockpits of aircraft in flight mandatory "two-man" or "no-lone zones" as a result of the Germanwings Flight 9525 crash. Early on in the investigation of that crash, it was believed from the cockpit voice recorder audio, and later supported by flight data recorder information, that the co-pilot deliberately crashed the aircraft after locking the cockpit door when the captain left to use the toilet.

Two-man rule - Wikipedia

What is the safest self-piloted small plane? - Quora What is the safest self-piloted small plane?
What is the safest self-piloted small plane?
Have you been hacked?
 Furthermore, if there is another competent pilot in the plane to assist the Pilot-in-Command safety is enhanced greatly by sharing the workload of a flight. Typically, in two pilot operations, one pilot flies and the other works the radios and performs checklists while also monitoring the flying pilot. With as many aircraft makes and models out there as there are, it's nearly impossible to say that one model is safer than all the others. I will say that turbine-engine aircraft are more reliable than piston-engined aircraft, but they are typically faster and therefore require more training since things happen faster (and there's more procedures due to increased complexity). Don't think that two engines are better than one. Many light twins don't have enough excess power to maintain a climb after a failure of one engine, and multi-engined aircraft require more training to deal with that failure. It is often said (cynically) that the second engine is just there to fly you to the scene of the accident. What it all boils down to is the decision-making ability of the pilot (s). Ego also plays a part as does various internal/external pressures to "make it" (commonly referred to as get-there-itis). It's these pressures (Threats) that lead to pilots to push a little further and make Errors that, unless caught and mitigated by the second pilot, lead to Undesired Aircraft States (UAS).

What is the safest self-piloted small plane? - Quora

What is the safest self-piloted small plane?
What is the safest self-piloted small plane?
Have you been hacked?

Furthermore, if there is another competent pilot in the plane to assist the Pilot-in-Command safety is enhanced greatly by sharing the workload of a flight. Typically, in two pilot operations, one pilot flies and the other works the radios and performs checklists while also monitoring the flying pilot. With as many aircraft makes and models out there as there are, it's nearly impossible to say that one model is safer than all the others. I will say that turbine-engine aircraft are more reliable than piston-engined aircraft, but they are typically faster and therefore require more training since things happen faster (and there's more procedures due to increased complexity). Don't think that two engines are better than one. Many light twins don't have enough excess power to maintain a climb after a failure of one engine, and multi-engined aircraft require more training to deal with that failure. It is often said (cynically) that the second engine is just there to fly you to the scene of the accident. What it all boils down to is the decision-making ability of the pilot (s). Ego also plays a part as does various internal/external pressures to "make it" (commonly referred to as get-there-itis). It's these pressures (Threats) that lead to pilots to push a little further and make Errors that, unless caught and mitigated by the second pilot, lead to Undesired Aircraft States (UAS).

Single Pilot Jets | Flying Single Pilot Jets
Single Pilot Jets One of the many certification rule changes between small and large aircraft is a requirement for at least two pilots in the large transport category airplane. It's easy to understand why two pilots would be required in a transport airplane, given the greater complexity and generally higher performance. By their very nature transport airplanes are designed to carry larger numbers of people, or a greater amount of cargo, so there is a greater risk to a larger group, and certification theory has always demanded a higher standard as risk increases. Society, through the FAA, grants us wide latitude to take chances with our own lives, or with those of a few friends or family members, but that all changes when passenger capacity increases. Nobody wants to operate really large airplanes - including larger business jets - with a single pilot, but light business jets are a different issue. For many people a single pilot in a light business jet is enough. It is understandable why some owners would want to fly their business jets without a copilot. The convenience of taking off when you want, staying as long as you want, and all other aspects of operating your own airplane are at least a little more complicated when you need two pilots. Single-pilot operation is all about flexibility and convenience. There is some cost to be saved by not hiring a copilot, but that's not a big issue.

Single Pilot Jets | Flying

One of the many certification rule changes between small and large aircraft is a requirement for at least two pilots in the large transport category airplane. It's easy to understand why two pilots would be required in a transport airplane, given the greater complexity and generally higher performance. By their very nature transport airplanes are designed to carry larger numbers of people, or a greater amount of cargo, so there is a greater risk to a larger group, and certification theory has always demanded a higher standard as risk increases. Society, through the FAA, grants us wide latitude to take chances with our own lives, or with those of a few friends or family members, but that all changes when passenger capacity increases. Nobody wants to operate really large airplanes - including larger business jets - with a single pilot, but light business jets are a different issue. For many people a single pilot in a light business jet is enough. It is understandable why some owners would want to fly their business jets without a copilot. The convenience of taking off when you want, staying as long as you want, and all other aspects of operating your own airplane are at least a little more complicated when you need two pilots. Single-pilot operation is all about flexibility and convenience. There is some cost to be saved by not hiring a copilot, but that's not a big issue.

pilots - When does a flight require a copilot? - Aviation Stack Exchange
When does a flight require a copilot?
3 Answers
3
EU OPS (965) Subpart N
Ops 1.940 Composition of flight crew
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged pilots regulations or ask your own question.
 and
(vi) use of simplified in-flight documentation; the recurrent checks required by OPS 1.965 shall be performed in the single-pilot role on the type or class of aeroplane in an environment representative of the operation; the pilot shall have a minimum of 50 hours flight time on the specific type or class of aeroplane under IFR of which 10 hours is as commander; and
the minimum required recent experience for a pilot engaged in a single-pilot operation under IFR or at night shall be 5 IFR flights, including three instrument approaches, carried out during the preceding 90 days on the type or class of aeroplane in the single-pilot role. This requirement may be replaced by an IFR instrument approach check on the type or class of aeroplane
(text is copy-pasted since getting a working link to a consolidated version of EU-OPS is a pain)
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In the United States there are 3 basic situations that generally lead to an aircraft being flow by 2 (or more) crew: The aircraft is categorized in the "air transport" class (eg commercial jets)
The maximum takeoff weight of the aircraft exceeds 12,500 pounds
The aircraft is so complex that the manufacturer recommends that it be flown by two pilots
Note that some aircraft, like variants of the 747, require 3 people because there is a station for an engineer. In the old days the FAA used to require jets to be flown by two people, but now if a jet can come in under 12,000 pounds they can get certified for solo flight. There are a bunch of planes right now pegged at 12,500 and multiple manufacturers would like to go over that limit and still have them certified for solo flight, so there is some pressure on the FAA to relax the limit. Share
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answered Oct 12 '17 at 19:58
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pilots - When does a flight require a copilot? - Aviation Stack Exchange

When does a flight require a copilot?
3 Answers
3
EU OPS (965) Subpart N
Ops 1.940 Composition of flight crew
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged pilots regulations or ask your own question.

Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers | CBR Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers
Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers
15 THE WORD JAEGER
14 TOY SOLDIERS
13 JAEGER VARIETY
12 GIPSY DANGER
11 GIPSY SWAGGER
10 CHERNO ALPHA
9 TWO MINDS
8 BLUNT FORCE
7 THE CONN-PODS
6 SHATTERDOMES
5 HEADSPACE
4 REAL JAEGERS
3 MARK-1
2 MARK-5
1 SEA BATTLE
 It's inspired by the idea that the Russians would want a more armored jaeger than other countries. The head itself was apparently inspired by the cooling towers of Russian nuclear reactors or the Mr. Fusion power source for the Delorean in "Back to the Future II," depending on who you ask. The name "Cherno" isn't a reference to Chernobyl, but rather to the Slavic spirit creature known as Chernobog. 9 TWO MINDS
One of the major plot lines (some would even argue the main storyline) in "Pacific Rim" is the concept of "drifting." It's almost impossible for only one person to successfully pilot a jaeger, because the load on the brain is too great. Therefore, two pilots are needed to have their minds in sync. When a jaeger goes into combat, two pilots' minds are linked and work together to control the massive robots against the kaiju. The screenwriter, Beacham, has said the idea of needing two pilots for the jaegers is what opened up the story for him. There's an obvious dramatic arc, because the jaegers are useless without two pilots who are drift-compatible, and drift compatibility is hard to achieve. Most of the other pilots are related like father and son or husband and wife or brothers, because they're the easiest to match up for compatibility.

Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers | CBR

Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers
Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers
15 THE WORD JAEGER
14 TOY SOLDIERS
13 JAEGER VARIETY
12 GIPSY DANGER
11 GIPSY SWAGGER
10 CHERNO ALPHA
9 TWO MINDS
8 BLUNT FORCE
7 THE CONN-PODS
6 SHATTERDOMES
5 HEADSPACE
4 REAL JAEGERS
3 MARK-1
2 MARK-5
1 SEA BATTLE

It's inspired by the idea that the Russians would want a more armored jaeger than other countries. The head itself was apparently inspired by the cooling towers of Russian nuclear reactors or the Mr. Fusion power source for the Delorean in "Back to the Future II," depending on who you ask. The name "Cherno" isn't a reference to Chernobyl, but rather to the Slavic spirit creature known as Chernobog. 9 TWO MINDS
One of the major plot lines (some would even argue the main storyline) in "Pacific Rim" is the concept of "drifting." It's almost impossible for only one person to successfully pilot a jaeger, because the load on the brain is too great. Therefore, two pilots are needed to have their minds in sync. When a jaeger goes into combat, two pilots' minds are linked and work together to control the massive robots against the kaiju. The screenwriter, Beacham, has said the idea of needing two pilots for the jaegers is what opened up the story for him. There's an obvious dramatic arc, because the jaegers are useless without two pilots who are drift-compatible, and drift compatibility is hard to achieve. Most of the other pilots are related like father and son or husband and wife or brothers, because they're the easiest to match up for compatibility.

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia Trainer aircraft
Trainer aircraft
Contents
Tandem and side by side
Phases
Ab initio
Basic training
Advanced training
Lead-in fighter training
Operational conversion
Multi-engine trainers
Navigation trainers
Aerobatic display teams
Combat use of trainers
The future
Historical
References
 The aim of programmable displays is to speed pilot training by replicating as far as possible the systems a pilot will find in an operational aircraft. Lead-in fighter training
Lead-in fighter training (LIFT) utilises advanced jet trainer aircraft with avionics and stores-management capability that emulate operational fighter planes, to provide efficient training in combat scenarios with reduced training costs compared to moving straight to operational conversion. The on-board avionics system may be linked to ground-based systems, and together they can simulate situations such as infrared or radar guided missile, interceptors, air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles, anti-aircraft batteries, radars, chaff and flare countermeasures and collision warnings, in low or dense electronic warfare environments. Systems may also be able to re-enact true-to-life combat situations. Operational conversion
Douglas TA-4F, a two-seat combat-capable training version of the single seat A-4 Skyhawk. Most military ground-attack and interceptor aircraft have two-seat trainer versions. These are combat capable operational conversion aircraft types to provide on the job training to pilots who have graduated to this level, and are usually available with little conversion in times of emergency to a reconnaissance or combat role. Most operational conversion aircraft retain the full functionality of the operational version with slight degradations to performance due to increased weight and drag, and possibly reduced range due to a reduced internal fuel load. In some two-seat fighter aircraft such as the Tornado, the operational conversion unit (OCU) aircraft can be created by duplicating flight controls in the rear cockpit. In a normally single-seat aircraft, a second cockpit can be built behind the original cockpit (e.g. the TA-4S variant of the A-4SU Super Skyhawk) or the cockpit can be extended to place the instructor in a second seat behind the pilot.

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia

Trainer aircraft
Trainer aircraft
Contents
Tandem and side by side
Phases
Ab initio
Basic training
Advanced training
Lead-in fighter training
Operational conversion
Multi-engine trainers
Navigation trainers
Aerobatic display teams
Combat use of trainers
The future
Historical
References

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia Trainer aircraft
Trainer aircraft
Contents
Tandem and side by side
Phases
Ab initio
Basic training
Advanced training
Lead-in fighter training
Operational conversion
Multi-engine trainers
Navigation trainers
Aerobatic display teams
Combat use of trainers
The future
Historical
References
 Most military ground-attack and interceptor aircraft have two-seat trainer versions. These are combat capable operational conversion aircraft types to provide on the job training to pilots who have graduated to this level, and are usually available with little conversion in times of emergency to a reconnaissance or combat role. Most operational conversion aircraft retain the full functionality of the operational version with slight degradations to performance due to increased weight and drag, and possibly reduced range due to a reduced internal fuel load. In some two-seat fighter aircraft such as the Tornado, the operational conversion unit (OCU) aircraft can be created by duplicating flight controls in the rear cockpit. In a normally single-seat aircraft, a second cockpit can be built behind the original cockpit (e.g. the TA-4S variant of the A-4SU Super Skyhawk) or the cockpit can be extended to place the instructor in a second seat behind the pilot. Once they are qualified to fly a specific type of aircraft, pilots will continue with regular training exercises to maintain qualifications on that aircraft and to improve their skills, for example the USAF's Red Flag exercises. Deployments of small flights of aircraft together with support staff and equipment to exercises conducted by other nations can be used to develop fighting skills and interservice and inter unit competitions in bombing and gunnery between units can also be used to develop those skills. The two-seat aircraft may itself become the basis of an operational aircraft, the second seat being used to create a weapons officer or navigators station in aircraft with originally only a pilot, for example the F-15E Strike Eagle is a development of the F-15D which is a two-seat training version of the F-15 Eagle . In some air forces that have a mix of high- and low-performance aircraft, pilots can be first be assigned to aircraft with a lower level of performance before moving on to the most demanding aircraft. For example, in the Italian Air Force a pilot may begin his service career on the AMX attack aircraft, and as their experience grows, progress to more capable aircraft such as the Tornado IDS.

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia

What is the safest self-piloted small plane? - Quora What is the safest self-piloted small plane?
What is the safest self-piloted small plane?
Have you been hacked?
 The one that is maintained well and has a competent pilot at the controls. Furthermore, if there is another competent pilot in the plane to assist the Pilot-in-Command safety is enhanced greatly by sharing the workload of a flight. Typically, in two pilot operations, one pilot flies and the other works the radios and performs checklists while also monitoring the flying pilot. With as many aircraft makes and models out there as there are, it's nearly impossible to say that one model is safer than all the others. I will say that turbine-engine aircraft are more reliable than piston-engined air
Continue Reading
The one that is maintained well and has a competent pilot at the controls. Furthermore, if there is another competent pilot in the plane to assist the Pilot-in-Command safety is enhanced greatly by sharing the workload of a flight. Typically, in two pilot operations, one pilot flies and the other works the radios and performs checklists while also monitoring the flying pilot. With as many aircraft makes and models out there as there are, it's nearly impossible to say that one model is safer than all the others. I will say that turbine-engine aircraft are more reliable than piston-engined aircraft, but they are typically faster and therefore require more training since things happen faster (and there's more procedures due to increased complexity). Don't think that two engines are better than one.

The one that is maintained well and has a competent pilot at the controls. Furthermore, if there is another competent pilot in the plane to assist the Pilot-in-Command safety is enhanced greatly by sharing the workload of a flight. Typically, in two pilot operations, one pilot flies and the other works the radios and performs checklists while also monitoring the flying pilot. With as many aircraft makes and models out there as there are, it's nearly impossible to say that one model is safer than all the others. I will say that turbine-engine aircraft are more reliable than piston-engined air
Continue Reading
The one that is maintained well and has a competent pilot at the controls. Furthermore, if there is another competent pilot in the plane to assist the Pilot-in-Command safety is enhanced greatly by sharing the workload of a flight. Typically, in two pilot operations, one pilot flies and the other works the radios and performs checklists while also monitoring the flying pilot. With as many aircraft makes and models out there as there are, it's nearly impossible to say that one model is safer than all the others. I will say that turbine-engine aircraft are more reliable than piston-engined aircraft, but they are typically faster and therefore require more training since things happen faster (and there's more procedures due to increased complexity). Don't think that two engines are better than one.

The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets - Aero Corner The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets
The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets
Table of Contents
1. Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
The first American combat-ready fighter jet that came out victorious in the first all-jet battle in the world.
2. Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
The supersonic interceptor aircraft that set numerous world records in terms of speed and altitude.
3. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The witness of history and the evolution of time.
4. General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
The first fighter aircraft custom-built to pull nine times the force of gravity.
5. Dassault Mirage 2000
A single-engine fourth-generation fighter and a proven jet with modern capabilities.
6. Saab JAS 39 Gripen
An exceptional air defense platform for Sweden and its European customers.
7. Chengdu J-10
A jet fighter that represents a significant milestone for the industry of China.
8. HAL Tejas
A revolutionary fighter for India’s air defense preparation for the battlefield.
9. CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
The hallmark of the defense production of Pakistan and accounted as a successful light combat aircraft.
10. Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
The most lethal, survivable, and connected fighter jet ever built.
About the Author
 CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
10. Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
The first fighter jets were powered by single engines designed for air-to-air combat against other fighters as well as ground attack. These conventional single-engine fighters were lighter, cheaper, and easier to maintain than modern advanced fighter jets. In the history of aircraft development up to the period before World War II, mostly single-engine fighter planes were produced. The aviation industry focused its efforts on designing and producing single-engine military aircraft that could be efficient in short-range aerial combat. Throughout the Second World War, the majority of fighter planes were all-metal monoplanes geared with batteries of cannons and machine guns and few could reach 400 mph speeds. A large number of fighters up to this time had a single-engine, but several fighters were already fitted with twin-engines. In comparison to twin engines, single-engine fighters had lower weight and therefore had better thrust-to-weight ratio thus better maneuverability. For years, one of the key developmental requirements of the U.S. Navy was for fighter jets to have two engines. The main reason for this is redundancy in case of engine failure over the ocean.

The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets - Aero Corner

The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets
The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets
Table of Contents
1. Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
The first American combat-ready fighter jet that came out victorious in the first all-jet battle in the world.
2. Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
The supersonic interceptor aircraft that set numerous world records in terms of speed and altitude.
3. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The witness of history and the evolution of time.
4. General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
The first fighter aircraft custom-built to pull nine times the force of gravity.
5. Dassault Mirage 2000
A single-engine fourth-generation fighter and a proven jet with modern capabilities.
6. Saab JAS 39 Gripen
An exceptional air defense platform for Sweden and its European customers.
7. Chengdu J-10
A jet fighter that represents a significant milestone for the industry of China.
8. HAL Tejas
A revolutionary fighter for India’s air defense preparation for the battlefield.
9. CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
The hallmark of the defense production of Pakistan and accounted as a successful light combat aircraft.
10. Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
The most lethal, survivable, and connected fighter jet ever built.
About the Author

CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
10. Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
The first fighter jets were powered by single engines designed for air-to-air combat against other fighters as well as ground attack. These conventional single-engine fighters were lighter, cheaper, and easier to maintain than modern advanced fighter jets. In the history of aircraft development up to the period before World War II, mostly single-engine fighter planes were produced. The aviation industry focused its efforts on designing and producing single-engine military aircraft that could be efficient in short-range aerial combat. Throughout the Second World War, the majority of fighter planes were all-metal monoplanes geared with batteries of cannons and machine guns and few could reach 400 mph speeds. A large number of fighters up to this time had a single-engine, but several fighters were already fitted with twin-engines. In comparison to twin engines, single-engine fighters had lower weight and therefore had better thrust-to-weight ratio thus better maneuverability. For years, one of the key developmental requirements of the U.S. Navy was for fighter jets to have two engines. The main reason for this is redundancy in case of engine failure over the ocean.

Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers | CBR Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers
Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers
15 THE WORD JAEGER
14 TOY SOLDIERS
13 JAEGER VARIETY
12 GIPSY DANGER
11 GIPSY SWAGGER
10 CHERNO ALPHA
9 TWO MINDS
8 BLUNT FORCE
7 THE CONN-PODS
6 SHATTERDOMES
5 HEADSPACE
4 REAL JAEGERS
3 MARK-1
2 MARK-5
1 SEA BATTLE
 Therefore, two pilots are needed to have their minds in sync. When a jaeger goes into combat, two pilots' minds are linked and work together to control the massive robots against the kaiju. The screenwriter, Beacham, has said the idea of needing two pilots for the jaegers is what opened up the story for him. There's an obvious dramatic arc, because the jaegers are useless without two pilots who are drift-compatible, and drift compatibility is hard to achieve. Most of the other pilots are related like father and son or husband and wife or brothers, because they're the easiest to match up for compatibility. In "Pacific Rim," they have to bring together two strangers to become drift compatible. Del Toro compared the drifting of the two pilots to falling in love. 8 BLUNT FORCE
While we all know it's cool to watch mechs the size of skyscrapers fighting alien monsters, the question does come up occasionally, "What's the point? Why not just drop nuclear bombs on the kaiju and get it over with? Why spend the money and resources to build gigantic robots to punch them to death?"

Therefore, two pilots are needed to have their minds in sync. When a jaeger goes into combat, two pilots' minds are linked and work together to control the massive robots against the kaiju. The screenwriter, Beacham, has said the idea of needing two pilots for the jaegers is what opened up the story for him. There's an obvious dramatic arc, because the jaegers are useless without two pilots who are drift-compatible, and drift compatibility is hard to achieve. Most of the other pilots are related like father and son or husband and wife or brothers, because they're the easiest to match up for compatibility. In "Pacific Rim," they have to bring together two strangers to become drift compatible. Del Toro compared the drifting of the two pilots to falling in love. 8 BLUNT FORCE
While we all know it's cool to watch mechs the size of skyscrapers fighting alien monsters, the question does come up occasionally, "What's the point? Why not just drop nuclear bombs on the kaiju and get it over with? Why spend the money and resources to build gigantic robots to punch them to death?"

What does the phrase 'paddle faster, I hear banjos' mean? - Quora What does the phrase "paddle faster, I hear banjos" mean?
What does the phrase "paddle faster, I hear banjos" mean?
Simon Hayes
 speed is life! But back in the day, maybe. So bottom line it is possible but not advisable and not always successful. It does seem to work in the movies, though. Related Answer
Alex Stoll
, aeronautical engineer
Updated 7 years ago · Author has 335 answers and 1.5M answer views
In fighter jets like the ones they use in Top Gun, what exactly is the purpose of the guy sitting in the back of the plane (e.g., Goose)? Marc Bodnick has a great answer, but I'll add a little more background: With the introduction of radar on fighter aircraft near the end of World War II (and, later, guided missiles as well), the workload became too much for one person to handle, and a weapon systems officer was almost always added to operate these complex systems as the pilot concentrated on flying the plane. By the 1970s, the electronic systems had improved to the degree that many fighters could be operated sufficiently by a single pilot, although most of these aircraft were built in both single- and two-seat models for flexib
Continue Reading
Marc Bodnick has a great answer, but I'll add a little more background: With the introduction of radar on fighter aircraft near the end of World War II (and, later, guided missiles as well), the workload became too much for one person to handle, and a

What does the phrase 'paddle faster, I hear banjos' mean? - Quora

What does the phrase "paddle faster, I hear banjos" mean?
What does the phrase "paddle faster, I hear banjos" mean?
Simon Hayes

speed is life! But back in the day, maybe. So bottom line it is possible but not advisable and not always successful. It does seem to work in the movies, though. Related Answer
Alex Stoll
, aeronautical engineer
Updated 7 years ago · Author has 335 answers and 1.5M answer views
In fighter jets like the ones they use in Top Gun, what exactly is the purpose of the guy sitting in the back of the plane (e.g., Goose)? Marc Bodnick has a great answer, but I'll add a little more background: With the introduction of radar on fighter aircraft near the end of World War II (and, later, guided missiles as well), the workload became too much for one person to handle, and a weapon systems officer was almost always added to operate these complex systems as the pilot concentrated on flying the plane. By the 1970s, the electronic systems had improved to the degree that many fighters could be operated sufficiently by a single pilot, although most of these aircraft were built in both single- and two-seat models for flexib
Continue Reading
Marc Bodnick has a great answer, but I'll add a little more background: With the introduction of radar on fighter aircraft near the end of World War II (and, later, guided missiles as well), the workload became too much for one person to handle, and a

Single Pilot Jets | Flying Single Pilot Jets
Single Pilot Jets For many people a single pilot in a light business jet is enough. It is understandable why some owners would want to fly their business jets without a copilot. The convenience of taking off when you want, staying as long as you want, and all other aspects of operating your own airplane are at least a little more complicated when you need two pilots. Single-pilot operation is all about flexibility and convenience. There is some cost to be saved by not hiring a copilot, but that's not a big issue. Besides, you almost certainly will pay more in insurance premiums than a qualified copilot would cost to hire. ADVERTISEMENT
Many business jet owners will argue that single-pilot flying is safe, but no sane person would say it is 100 percent as safe as with a well-trained crew of two professional pilots. But in all forms of general aviation flying we trade a small amount of safety potential-a second pilot, or maybe second engine-for convenience and availability. If we didn't make some small compromises on potential safety, we would all be on the airlines because they adhere to the most rigid, and potentially safest, standards. The first company that I know of that attempted to win single-pilot certification for a business jet was Lear Jet with its original Model 23.

Single Pilot Jets | Flying

For many people a single pilot in a light business jet is enough. It is understandable why some owners would want to fly their business jets without a copilot. The convenience of taking off when you want, staying as long as you want, and all other aspects of operating your own airplane are at least a little more complicated when you need two pilots. Single-pilot operation is all about flexibility and convenience. There is some cost to be saved by not hiring a copilot, but that's not a big issue. Besides, you almost certainly will pay more in insurance premiums than a qualified copilot would cost to hire. ADVERTISEMENT
Many business jet owners will argue that single-pilot flying is safe, but no sane person would say it is 100 percent as safe as with a well-trained crew of two professional pilots. But in all forms of general aviation flying we trade a small amount of safety potential-a second pilot, or maybe second engine-for convenience and availability. If we didn't make some small compromises on potential safety, we would all be on the airlines because they adhere to the most rigid, and potentially safest, standards. The first company that I know of that attempted to win single-pilot certification for a business jet was Lear Jet with its original Model 23.

Single Pilot Jets | Flying Single Pilot Jets
Single Pilot Jets Single Pilot Jets | Flying
Single Pilot Jets
The training, insurance and safety aspects of flying solo in a business jet. By J. Mac McClellan
December 15, 2006
Single pilot jets
From the beginning the FAA has treated jets differently. In almost every area of certification the standards for jets have been more stringent than for propeller-driven airplanes, and one of those jet standards had been a requirement for two pilots. That rule remained in force until 1977 when Cessna won approval for single-pilot operation of its new Citation I-SP, and now many models of business jets are approved for single-pilot operation. Most business jets are certified in the transport category because they have maximum certified takeoff weights greater than 12,500 pounds, the demarcation between large and small aircraft. One of the many certification rule changes between small and large aircraft is a requirement for at least two pilots in the large transport category airplane. It's easy to understand why two pilots would be required in a transport airplane, given the greater complexity and generally higher performance. By their very nature transport airplanes are designed to carry larger numbers of people, or a greater amount of cargo, so there is a greater risk to a larger group, and certification theory has always demanded a higher standard as risk increases. Society, through the FAA, grants us wide latitude to take chances with our own lives, or with those of a few friends or family members, but that all changes when passenger capacity increases. Nobody wants to operate really large airplanes - including larger business jets - with a single pilot, but light business jets are a different issue.

Single Pilot Jets | Flying

Single Pilot Jets | Flying
Single Pilot Jets
The training, insurance and safety aspects of flying solo in a business jet. By J. Mac McClellan
December 15, 2006
Single pilot jets
From the beginning the FAA has treated jets differently. In almost every area of certification the standards for jets have been more stringent than for propeller-driven airplanes, and one of those jet standards had been a requirement for two pilots. That rule remained in force until 1977 when Cessna won approval for single-pilot operation of its new Citation I-SP, and now many models of business jets are approved for single-pilot operation. Most business jets are certified in the transport category because they have maximum certified takeoff weights greater than 12,500 pounds, the demarcation between large and small aircraft. One of the many certification rule changes between small and large aircraft is a requirement for at least two pilots in the large transport category airplane. It's easy to understand why two pilots would be required in a transport airplane, given the greater complexity and generally higher performance. By their very nature transport airplanes are designed to carry larger numbers of people, or a greater amount of cargo, so there is a greater risk to a larger group, and certification theory has always demanded a higher standard as risk increases. Society, through the FAA, grants us wide latitude to take chances with our own lives, or with those of a few friends or family members, but that all changes when passenger capacity increases. Nobody wants to operate really large airplanes - including larger business jets - with a single pilot, but light business jets are a different issue.

Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights
Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights
Click here for more from the special report on the U.S. nuclear enterprise.
Blink and you’ll miss it: The B-21 bomber accomplishes another big review
What aircraft does the US Air Force need to beat China and Russia? This new study has an answer.
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Fear of missing out? Sign up for the Early Bird Brief, the defense industry's most comprehensive news and information, straight to your inbox. Thanks for signing up. By giving us your email, you are opting in to the Early Bird Brief. To prepare for the types of missions that would take them beyond an adversary’s border, B-2 crew training involves traveling from America’s heartland to the other side of the globe. Beck said he tries to stay awake for the majority of a long flight on the B-52 so he can be ready to perform any task needed. But B-2 pilots have less of a choice in that respect. The B-52 is flown by a five-person crew — two pilots, two navigators and one electronic warfare officer. On the B-2, all tasks are shared between the two pilots, leaving less time for rest. “You just have to identify what the crunch points are going to be.

Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights

Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights
Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights
Click here for more from the special report on the U.S. nuclear enterprise.
Blink and you’ll miss it: The B-21 bomber accomplishes another big review
What aircraft does the US Air Force need to beat China and Russia? This new study has an answer.

For more newsletters click here
×
Fear of missing out? Sign up for the Early Bird Brief, the defense industry's most comprehensive news and information, straight to your inbox. Thanks for signing up. By giving us your email, you are opting in to the Early Bird Brief. To prepare for the types of missions that would take them beyond an adversary’s border, B-2 crew training involves traveling from America’s heartland to the other side of the globe. Beck said he tries to stay awake for the majority of a long flight on the B-52 so he can be ready to perform any task needed. But B-2 pilots have less of a choice in that respect. The B-52 is flown by a five-person crew — two pilots, two navigators and one electronic warfare officer. On the B-2, all tasks are shared between the two pilots, leaving less time for rest. “You just have to identify what the crunch points are going to be.

aircraft electrical systems
Most small aircraft are equipped with a 28 volt direct current electrical system. The system is powered by an Alternator which drives the electrical devices and stores energy in the battery. What's the Difference
Recently two people I work with had an electrical problem in a light twin. Fortunately the electrical failure happened in day VFR conditions and the aircraft had two pilots onboard. The benefits of being day VFR and having two pilots on board cannot be over emphasized. Although a single pilot could have safely handled the problem, being able to share the workload with someone else makes any problem easier to handle. With two pilots working the problem and being in visual meteorological conditions, it was easy for one pilot to fly the aircraft while the other pilot ran the appropriate pilot operating handbook electrical checklist. They were able to return to their home airport without incident. They were landing at an airport with a relatively short runway where they wanted to use flaps. Once they had the runway made, they were able to lower the electrically operated flaps using battery power without any problem. They had left the gear down when they discovered the problem after takeoff from a nearby airport to minimize the electrical drain on the battery. If the electrical system had to fail, it chose the best possible time to fail.

aircraft electrical systems

Most small aircraft are equipped with a 28 volt direct current electrical system. The system is powered by an Alternator which drives the electrical devices and stores energy in the battery.

What's the Difference
Recently two people I work with had an electrical problem in a light twin. Fortunately the electrical failure happened in day VFR conditions and the aircraft had two pilots onboard. The benefits of being day VFR and having two pilots on board cannot be over emphasized. Although a single pilot could have safely handled the problem, being able to share the workload with someone else makes any problem easier to handle. With two pilots working the problem and being in visual meteorological conditions, it was easy for one pilot to fly the aircraft while the other pilot ran the appropriate pilot operating handbook electrical checklist. They were able to return to their home airport without incident. They were landing at an airport with a relatively short runway where they wanted to use flaps. Once they had the runway made, they were able to lower the electrically operated flaps using battery power without any problem. They had left the gear down when they discovered the problem after takeoff from a nearby airport to minimize the electrical drain on the battery. If the electrical system had to fail, it chose the best possible time to fail.

Tandem - Wikipedia

Attack aircraft and all-weather interceptors often use a second crew member to operate avionics such as radar, or as a second pilot. Bombers such as the Convair B-58 Hustler seated three crew members in tandem. A common engineering adaptation is to lengthen the cockpit or fuselage to create a trainer with tandem seating from a single-seater aircraft. Side-by-side seating
Tandem seat Gloster Meteor and side-by-side seat Hawker Hunter (trainer)
An alternative configuration is side-by-side seating, which is common in civil aircraft of all sizes, trainers and large military aircraft, but less so in high performance jets and gliders where drag reduction is paramount. The Boeing B-47 Stratojet and Boeing XB-52 bombers used fighter-style tandem seating, but the final B-52 bomber series used a conventional side-by-side cockpit. The Grumman A-6 Intruder, General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark, Sukhoi Su-24 or the Sukhoi Su-34 are examples of combat aircraft that use this configuration. For training aircraft, it has the advantage that pilot and instructor can see each other's actions, allowing the pilot to learn from the instructor and the instructor to correct the student pilot. The tandem configuration has the advantage of being closer to the normal working environment that a fast jet pilot is likely to encounter. In some cases, such as the Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler, a two-place aircraft can be lengthened into a four-place aircraft. Also, a single seat cockpit can be redesigned into a side-by-side arrangement in the case of the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, TF-102 trainer or the Hawker Hunter training versions.

Single Pilot Jets | Flying Single Pilot Jets
Single Pilot Jets To earn that rating the pilot must be trained and checked under an approved program. These airplanes are eligible to be flown by a single pilot, but not just any single pilot. The FAA still begins with the assumption that a jet or airplane weighing more than 12,500 pounds will require a crew of two and it's up to the manufacturer to demonstrate otherwise. Approval for single-pilot operation is one of the final steps in certification of a new business jet, or an airplane in the commuter category. Many of the requirements for single-pilot operation are obvious. For example, the landing gear handle needs to be easily reachable from the left seat, which is not always the case in jets. The design of the basic controls is also crucial. For example, it would be almost impossible to get single-pilot approval for a jet with tiller steering for the nosewheel because at crucial times during takeoff or landing the left seat pilot needs one hand for the tiller and the other for the throttles, with nothing left for the flight controls. All other controls, switches and essential items must also be located so a single pilot can easily see and reach them. And the autopilot must be fully and seamlessly integrated into the airplane and its navigation systems, and the complete autopilot system must be functional for every flight with only one pilot.

Single Pilot Jets | Flying

To earn that rating the pilot must be trained and checked under an approved program. These airplanes are eligible to be flown by a single pilot, but not just any single pilot. The FAA still begins with the assumption that a jet or airplane weighing more than 12,500 pounds will require a crew of two and it's up to the manufacturer to demonstrate otherwise. Approval for single-pilot operation is one of the final steps in certification of a new business jet, or an airplane in the commuter category. Many of the requirements for single-pilot operation are obvious. For example, the landing gear handle needs to be easily reachable from the left seat, which is not always the case in jets. The design of the basic controls is also crucial. For example, it would be almost impossible to get single-pilot approval for a jet with tiller steering for the nosewheel because at crucial times during takeoff or landing the left seat pilot needs one hand for the tiller and the other for the throttles, with nothing left for the flight controls. All other controls, switches and essential items must also be located so a single pilot can easily see and reach them. And the autopilot must be fully and seamlessly integrated into the airplane and its navigation systems, and the complete autopilot system must be functional for every flight with only one pilot.

Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
UPDATE: February 4, 2015
ORIGINAL POST: January 30, 2015
For more about pilot training, lifestyle and culture, see chapter four in the new book.
 CNN’s Anderson Cooper asked expert Dave Soucie the other night, in a discussion of the AirAsia crash. Soucie’s half-baked answer did nothing to sway the accepted notion that a copilot is something less than a “real” pilot and thus not entitled to actually fly an airplane. I’ve harped on this before. It’s in my book. I wrote about it numerous times in my columns at Salon, and in earlier posts on this site. That nobody is getting the message is a testament either to my own lack of reach or to stubbornness on the part of journalists. Maybe it’s both. Either way, allow me to cut and paste: Dear Anderson, et al: There are always at least two pilots in a jetliner cockpit — a captain and first officer — and both of these individuals are fully qualified to operate the aircraft.

Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots

CNN’s Anderson Cooper asked expert Dave Soucie the other night, in a discussion of the AirAsia crash. Soucie’s half-baked answer did nothing to sway the accepted notion that a copilot is something less than a “real” pilot and thus not entitled to actually fly an airplane. I’ve harped on this before. It’s in my book. I wrote about it numerous times in my columns at Salon, and in earlier posts on this site. That nobody is getting the message is a testament either to my own lack of reach or to stubbornness on the part of journalists. Maybe it’s both. Either way, allow me to cut and paste: Dear Anderson, et al: There are always at least two pilots in a jetliner cockpit — a captain and first officer — and both of these individuals are fully qualified to operate the aircraft.

Two-man rule - Wikipedia

Mikoyan MiG-31 | Military Wiki | Fandom Mikoyan MiG-31
Mikoyan MiG-31
Development
Replacement
Design
Airframe and engines
Electronics suite
Radars
Cockpit
Armament
Operational history
Export
Variants
Operators
Former operators
Specifications (MiG-31)
General characteristics
Performance
Armament
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
 In April 1994 it was used with an R-37 to hit a target at 300 km distance. [ citation needed] It has a search range 400 km versus a 19/20 sq m RCS target and can track 24 targets at once, engaging six (282 km for 5m2 ). Cockpit
The aircraft is a two-seater with the rear seat occupant controlling the radar. Although cockpit controls are duplicated across cockpits, it is normal for the aircraft to be flown only from the front seat. The pilot flies the aircraft by means of a centre stick and left hand throttles. The rear cockpit has only two small vision ports on the sides of the canopy. It is argued that the presence of the WSO (Weapon Systems Operator) in the rear cockpit improves aircraft effectiveness since the WSO is entirely dedicated to radar operations and weapons deployment. This decreases the workload of the pilot and increases efficiency. Both cockpits are fitted with zero/zero ejection seats which allow the crew to eject at any altitude and airspeed. It has been claimed by Russian Federation Defence Ministry chief Colonel Yuri Balyko, that the upgrade will increase the combat effectiveness of the aircraft several times over.

Mikoyan MiG-31 | Military Wiki | Fandom

In April 1994 it was used with an R-37 to hit a target at 300 km distance. [ citation needed] It has a search range 400 km versus a 19/20 sq m RCS target and can track 24 targets at once, engaging six (282 km for 5m2 ). Cockpit
The aircraft is a two-seater with the rear seat occupant controlling the radar. Although cockpit controls are duplicated across cockpits, it is normal for the aircraft to be flown only from the front seat. The pilot flies the aircraft by means of a centre stick and left hand throttles. The rear cockpit has only two small vision ports on the sides of the canopy. It is argued that the presence of the WSO (Weapon Systems Operator) in the rear cockpit improves aircraft effectiveness since the WSO is entirely dedicated to radar operations and weapons deployment. This decreases the workload of the pilot and increases efficiency. Both cockpits are fitted with zero/zero ejection seats which allow the crew to eject at any altitude and airspeed. It has been claimed by Russian Federation Defence Ministry chief Colonel Yuri Balyko, that the upgrade will increase the combat effectiveness of the aircraft several times over.

How F-15s Work | HowStuffWorks How F-15s Work
How F-15s Work
An F-15C Eagle prepares to refuel.
The F-15 Strike Eagle (bottom) carries a number of air-to-ground weapons in addition to the air-to-air weapons you'll find on an F-15C (top).
F-15 Models
An Air Force maintenance squadron tests out a Pratt Whitney F100-PW-220e engine configured for the F-15.
An F-15's high thrust-to-weight ratio and low wing loading let it shoot off the ground at a sharp angle.
Mechanical and Electronic Systems
If You're Shopping...
Controls
Citation
 Surprisingly, the Air Force's temporary solution turned out to be one of the best fighter bombers ever made. In Operation Desert Storm, the Strike Eagle proved it could successfully fight its way past enemy planes, hit several ground targets, and then fight its way out of enemy territory. In the next section, we'll see how these two planes are put together and find out how they dive, climb and dodge so gracefully. An F-15 has most of the elements you'll find on an ordinary jet plane. It has two wings that generate lift, it has rear vertical and horizontal stabilizers and rudders that balance and steer the plane, and it has twin turbofan jet engines at the rear of the plane that generate thrust. F-15 Models
F-15A - The original F-15 combat plane, the F-15A first flew in July 1972. Like the current F-15C, this plane is designed for a single pilot. F-15B - The original F-15 training plane, the F-15B first flew in July 1973. This plane has two pilot stations -- one for an experienced instructor and one for a pilot in training. F-15C - An updated version of the F-15A, the Air Force added the F-15C in 1979.

How F-15s Work | HowStuffWorks

Surprisingly, the Air Force's temporary solution turned out to be one of the best fighter bombers ever made. In Operation Desert Storm, the Strike Eagle proved it could successfully fight its way past enemy planes, hit several ground targets, and then fight its way out of enemy territory. In the next section, we'll see how these two planes are put together and find out how they dive, climb and dodge so gracefully. An F-15 has most of the elements you'll find on an ordinary jet plane. It has two wings that generate lift, it has rear vertical and horizontal stabilizers and rudders that balance and steer the plane, and it has twin turbofan jet engines at the rear of the plane that generate thrust. F-15 Models
F-15A - The original F-15 combat plane, the F-15A first flew in July 1972. Like the current F-15C, this plane is designed for a single pilot. F-15B - The original F-15 training plane, the F-15B first flew in July 1973. This plane has two pilot stations -- one for an experienced instructor and one for a pilot in training. F-15C - An updated version of the F-15A, the Air Force added the F-15C in 1979.

Two-man rule - Wikipedia

What is the safest self-piloted small plane? - Quora What is the safest self-piloted small plane?
What is the safest self-piloted small plane?
Have you been hacked?
 Many light twins don't have enough excess power to maintain a climb after a failure of one engine, and multi-engined aircraft require more training to deal with that failure. It is often said (cynically) that the second engine is just there to fly you to the scene of the accident. What it all boils down to is the decision-making ability of the pilot (s). Ego also plays a part as does various internal/external pressures to "make it" (commonly referred to as get-there-itis). It's these pressures (Threats) that lead to pilots to push a little further and make Errors that, unless caught and mitigated by the second pilot, lead to Undesired Aircraft States (UAS). A UAS is a condition where your skill has little to do with the ultimate outcome... it's mostly just luck at that point. This is why Threat and Error Management has become the big thing in aviation safety in the last 5-10 years. The human link is the weakest. Sponsored by Jaw Tone Pro
Exercise your jaw with this new device. This is changing jawlines everywhere.

Many light twins don't have enough excess power to maintain a climb after a failure of one engine, and multi-engined aircraft require more training to deal with that failure. It is often said (cynically) that the second engine is just there to fly you to the scene of the accident. What it all boils down to is the decision-making ability of the pilot (s). Ego also plays a part as does various internal/external pressures to "make it" (commonly referred to as get-there-itis). It's these pressures (Threats) that lead to pilots to push a little further and make Errors that, unless caught and mitigated by the second pilot, lead to Undesired Aircraft States (UAS). A UAS is a condition where your skill has little to do with the ultimate outcome... it's mostly just luck at that point. This is why Threat and Error Management has become the big thing in aviation safety in the last 5-10 years. The human link is the weakest. Sponsored by Jaw Tone Pro
Exercise your jaw with this new device. This is changing jawlines everywhere.

Driving the Wing - How Stealth Bombers Work | HowStuffWorks How Stealth Bombers Work
How Stealth Bombers Work
Driving the Wing
Run your cursor over the text to locate the plane's major components.
The Crew and Support
 Photo courtesy U.S. Department of Defense
The computer also does a lot of work independent of the pilot's input. It constantly monitors gyroscopic sensors to keep track of the plane's attitude -- its position relative to the airflow. If the plane starts to turn unexpectedly, the computer automatically moves the rudders to counteract the turning force. The corrections are so precise that the pilot usually won't feel any shift at all. The B-2 also has a small wedge-shaped flap in the middle of the trailing edge. The computer adjusts this flap, called the gust load alleviation system (GLAS), to counteract air turbulence forces. The Crew and Support
The B-2 bomber needs only a two-person crew -- a pilot and a mission commander who sit in a cockpit at the front of the plane. By comparison, the B-52 bomber has a five-person crew, and the B-1B has a four-person crew. The original idea of the B-2 was that it wouldn't need any support aircraft. Because of its stealth capabilities, it should be able to penetrate enemy airspace without fire support, doing the work of dozens of planes.

Driving the Wing - How Stealth Bombers Work | HowStuffWorks

How Stealth Bombers Work
How Stealth Bombers Work
Driving the Wing
Run your cursor over the text to locate the plane's major components.
The Crew and Support

Photo courtesy U.S. Department of Defense
The computer also does a lot of work independent of the pilot's input. It constantly monitors gyroscopic sensors to keep track of the plane's attitude -- its position relative to the airflow. If the plane starts to turn unexpectedly, the computer automatically moves the rudders to counteract the turning force. The corrections are so precise that the pilot usually won't feel any shift at all. The B-2 also has a small wedge-shaped flap in the middle of the trailing edge. The computer adjusts this flap, called the gust load alleviation system (GLAS), to counteract air turbulence forces. The Crew and Support
The B-2 bomber needs only a two-person crew -- a pilot and a mission commander who sit in a cockpit at the front of the plane. By comparison, the B-52 bomber has a five-person crew, and the B-1B has a four-person crew. The original idea of the B-2 was that it wouldn't need any support aircraft. Because of its stealth capabilities, it should be able to penetrate enemy airspace without fire support, doing the work of dozens of planes.

Twinjet - Wikipedia Twinjet
Twinjet
Contents
Aircraft configurations
History
Efficiency
ETOPS
Introduction to transoceanic flights
Other advantages
See also
References
External links
 Find sources: " Twinjet" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR
(November 2016)
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Boeing 737 Twinjet
The Vought F7U Cutlass was one of the first modern twinjet fighters. A twinjet or twin-engine jet is a jet aircraft powered by two engines. A twinjet is able to fly well enough to land with a single working engine, making it safer than a single-engine aircraft in the event of failure of an engine. Fuel efficiency of a twinjet is better than that of aircraft with more engines. These considerations have led to the widespread use of aircraft of all types with twin engines, including airliners, fixed-wing military aircraft, and others. Contents
1 Aircraft configurations
2 History
3 Efficiency
4 ETOPS
4.1 Introduction to transoceanic flights
5 Other advantages
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Aircraft configurations
There are three common configurations of twinjet aircraft. The first, common on large aircraft such as airliners, has a podded engine usually mounted beneath, or occasionally above or within, each wing. The second has one engine mounted on each side of the rear fuselage, close to its empennage, used by many business jets . In the third configuration both engines are within the fuselage, side-by-side, used by most fighters since the 1960s.

Twinjet - Wikipedia

Twinjet
Twinjet
Contents
Aircraft configurations
History
Efficiency
ETOPS
Introduction to transoceanic flights
Other advantages
See also
References
External links

Find sources: " Twinjet" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR
(November 2016)
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( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Boeing 737 Twinjet
The Vought F7U Cutlass was one of the first modern twinjet fighters. A twinjet or twin-engine jet is a jet aircraft powered by two engines. A twinjet is able to fly well enough to land with a single working engine, making it safer than a single-engine aircraft in the event of failure of an engine. Fuel efficiency of a twinjet is better than that of aircraft with more engines. These considerations have led to the widespread use of aircraft of all types with twin engines, including airliners, fixed-wing military aircraft, and others. Contents
1 Aircraft configurations
2 History
3 Efficiency
4 ETOPS
4.1 Introduction to transoceanic flights
5 Other advantages
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Aircraft configurations
There are three common configurations of twinjet aircraft. The first, common on large aircraft such as airliners, has a podded engine usually mounted beneath, or occasionally above or within, each wing. The second has one engine mounted on each side of the rear fuselage, close to its empennage, used by many business jets . In the third configuration both engines are within the fuselage, side-by-side, used by most fighters since the 1960s.

Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers | CBR Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers
Pacific Rim: 15 Things You Didn't Know About Jaegers
15 THE WORD JAEGER
14 TOY SOLDIERS
13 JAEGER VARIETY
12 GIPSY DANGER
11 GIPSY SWAGGER
10 CHERNO ALPHA
9 TWO MINDS
8 BLUNT FORCE
7 THE CONN-PODS
6 SHATTERDOMES
5 HEADSPACE
4 REAL JAEGERS
3 MARK-1
2 MARK-5
1 SEA BATTLE
 It's inspired by the idea that the Russians would want a more armored jaeger than other countries. The head itself was apparently inspired by the cooling towers of Russian nuclear reactors or the Mr. Fusion power source for the Delorean in "Back to the Future II," depending on who you ask. The name "Cherno" isn't a reference to Chernobyl, but rather to the Slavic spirit creature known as Chernobog. 9 TWO MINDS
One of the major plot lines (some would even argue the main storyline) in "Pacific Rim" is the concept of "drifting." It's almost impossible for only one person to successfully pilot a jaeger, because the load on the brain is too great. Therefore, two pilots are needed to have their minds in sync. When a jaeger goes into combat, two pilots' minds are linked and work together to control the massive robots against the kaiju. The screenwriter, Beacham, has said the idea of needing two pilots for the jaegers is what opened up the story for him. There's an obvious dramatic arc, because the jaegers are useless without two pilots who are drift-compatible, and drift compatibility is hard to achieve. Most of the other pilots are related like father and son or husband and wife or brothers, because they're the easiest to match up for compatibility.

It's inspired by the idea that the Russians would want a more armored jaeger than other countries. The head itself was apparently inspired by the cooling towers of Russian nuclear reactors or the Mr. Fusion power source for the Delorean in "Back to the Future II," depending on who you ask. The name "Cherno" isn't a reference to Chernobyl, but rather to the Slavic spirit creature known as Chernobog. 9 TWO MINDS
One of the major plot lines (some would even argue the main storyline) in "Pacific Rim" is the concept of "drifting." It's almost impossible for only one person to successfully pilot a jaeger, because the load on the brain is too great. Therefore, two pilots are needed to have their minds in sync. When a jaeger goes into combat, two pilots' minds are linked and work together to control the massive robots against the kaiju. The screenwriter, Beacham, has said the idea of needing two pilots for the jaegers is what opened up the story for him. There's an obvious dramatic arc, because the jaegers are useless without two pilots who are drift-compatible, and drift compatibility is hard to achieve. Most of the other pilots are related like father and son or husband and wife or brothers, because they're the easiest to match up for compatibility.

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia

Air Force New Fighter Jet: Secret Plane Will Have AI Copilot The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
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Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. We may earn commission if you buy from a link. How we test gear. The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
Not a trashcan-shaped droid, but something much cooler. By Kyle Mizokami
Dec 23, 2020
U.S. Air Force
Air Force pilots in the not-so-distant future could fly and fight together like Luke Skywalker and R2-D2. One of the Air Force’s top officials is confident the service’s secret new fighter jet will have an artificial intelligence copilot. The AI could take over key tasks, flying and fighting the plane, to prevent the human pilot from being overwhelmed. The U.S. Air Force's secret new fighter jet, which it designed, built, and tested in just one year, will feature some kind of artificial intelligence copilot—a trusted computer algorithm that human pilots can rely on to assume critical tasks in the air. You love badass planes.

Air Force New Fighter Jet: Secret Plane Will Have AI Copilot

The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
History, Made
✈ Our Favorite Hobby RC Planes
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The Air Force's New Fighter: Everything We Know So Far
🎥 Now Watch This:

Air Force New Fighter Jet: Secret Plane Will Have AI Copilot
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Today's Top Stories
1
Russian Contractor Says X-37B Is a Secret Bomber
2
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3
The Engineering History of Human Flight
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The 20 Best Memorial Day Weekend Sales
5
30 Great Gifts for Father’s Day 2021
Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. We may earn commission if you buy from a link. How we test gear. The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
Not a trashcan-shaped droid, but something much cooler. By Kyle Mizokami
Dec 23, 2020
U.S. Air Force
Air Force pilots in the not-so-distant future could fly and fight together like Luke Skywalker and R2-D2. One of the Air Force’s top officials is confident the service’s secret new fighter jet will have an artificial intelligence copilot. The AI could take over key tasks, flying and fighting the plane, to prevent the human pilot from being overwhelmed. The U.S. Air Force's secret new fighter jet, which it designed, built, and tested in just one year, will feature some kind of artificial intelligence copilot—a trusted computer algorithm that human pilots can rely on to assume critical tasks in the air. You love badass planes.

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout? F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?
F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?
TNI Staff
The U.S. Air Force’s original plan was for the F-22 to be its high-end air superiority fighter while the F-35 was designed to be primarily an air-to-ground strike aircraft, but one which could defend itself.
Key point: The answer is that the F-35 cannot match the F-22 as an air superiority fighter—it was never designed as such.
Story continues
 Indeed, most studies at the time showed that a minimum of 381 Raptors were needed to ensure American air superiority. With only 187 aircraft produced, the Air Force had to adapt. The service cut down on the number of primary authorized aircraft per squadron and skimped on the backup aircraft inventory, training and test plane fleets. Instead of having 10 squadrons of 24 aircraft plus two backup jets, the Air Force has 21 aircraft plus two backup jets in six operational squadrons while test and training assets have been cut to the bone. In fact, the Air Force’s elite Weapons School and its operational test units at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada have to share about a dozen F-22s between them because there are not enough planes to equip those critical units. The shortage forced the Air Force to innovate. The service’s operational testers and Weapons School instructors—as well as frontline fighter pilots—devised ways so the F-22 could work together with conventional fourth generation fighters like F-15 so that the two types of jets could work together as an effective team. The combination of the F-22 with fourth generation jets made all the aircraft flying more effective by allowing all of the aircraft involved to best use their strengths. The F-22 brings stealth, situational awareness and sheer performance to the fight while the F-15C brings a massive load out of missiles combined with a incredibly powerful radar. But with the F-15C likely being retired in the coming years, the F-35 will have to step up.

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?
F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?
TNI Staff
The U.S. Air Force’s original plan was for the F-22 to be its high-end air superiority fighter while the F-35 was designed to be primarily an air-to-ground strike aircraft, but one which could defend itself.
Key point: The answer is that the F-35 cannot match the F-22 as an air superiority fighter—it was never designed as such.
Story continues

Indeed, most studies at the time showed that a minimum of 381 Raptors were needed to ensure American air superiority. With only 187 aircraft produced, the Air Force had to adapt. The service cut down on the number of primary authorized aircraft per squadron and skimped on the backup aircraft inventory, training and test plane fleets. Instead of having 10 squadrons of 24 aircraft plus two backup jets, the Air Force has 21 aircraft plus two backup jets in six operational squadrons while test and training assets have been cut to the bone. In fact, the Air Force’s elite Weapons School and its operational test units at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada have to share about a dozen F-22s between them because there are not enough planes to equip those critical units. The shortage forced the Air Force to innovate. The service’s operational testers and Weapons School instructors—as well as frontline fighter pilots—devised ways so the F-22 could work together with conventional fourth generation fighters like F-15 so that the two types of jets could work together as an effective team. The combination of the F-22 with fourth generation jets made all the aircraft flying more effective by allowing all of the aircraft involved to best use their strengths. The F-22 brings stealth, situational awareness and sheer performance to the fight while the F-15C brings a massive load out of missiles combined with a incredibly powerful radar. But with the F-15C likely being retired in the coming years, the F-35 will have to step up.

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout? | The National Interest F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout?
F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout? Indeed, most studies at the time showed that a minimum of 381 Raptors were needed to ensure American air superiority. With only 187 aircraft produced, the Air Force had to adapt. The service cut down on the number of primary authorized aircraft per squadron and skimped on the backup aircraft inventory, training and test plane fleets. Instead of having 10 squadrons of 24 aircraft plus two backup jets, the Air Force has 21 aircraft plus two backup jets in six operational squadrons while test and training assets have been cut to the bone. In fact, the Air Force’s elite Weapons School and its operational test units at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada have to share about a dozen F-22s between them because there are not enough planes to equip those critical units. The shortage forced the Air Force to innovate. The service’s operational testers and Weapons School instructors—as well as frontline fighter pilots—devised ways so the F-22 could work together with conventional fourth generation fighters like F-15 so that the two types of jets could work together as an effective team. The combination of the F-22 with fourth generation jets made all the aircraft flying more effective by allowing all of the aircraft involved to best use their strengths. The F-22 brings stealth, situational awareness and sheer performance to the fight while the F-15C brings a massive load out of missiles combined with a incredibly powerful radar. But with the F-15C likely being retired in the coming years, the F-35 will have to step up.

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout? | The National Interest

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout?
F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout?

29 Facts You Should Know About The F-22 Raptor | KiwiReport 29 Facts You Should Know About The F-22 Raptor
29 Facts You Should Know About The F-22 Raptor
The F-22 Raptor
Lockheed Martin
No Co-Pilot Needed
The 2014 Unveiling
The First Flight
The Hourly Cost
Airbourne Pit-Stops
F-22 Malfunctions
The Lucky T-Shirt
Average Life Span: 30 Years
An Invisible Weapon
Prepare For Battle
F-22 Deployment
An In-flight Spycraft
Excess Baggage? No Problem
The Almost Replacement
New Crash Reports
Bomb-Dropping
The Kill Ratio
The Super-Cruiser
Super Maneuverability
Surprising Versatility
The 1st Combat F-22 Squadron
It’s A Small War, After All
F-22 Inspiration
The New Raptor
A Modified Helmet
Just Like The 1st Jet-Fighter
The Next Generation
 Lockheed Martin was head of weapon units, fuselage, and overall assembly. Boeing, another production company, was just as essential in the development and construction of the F-22.; they contributed flight wings, avionics integration, training systems, and aft fuselage. After the project was fully assembled, it was Lockheed Martin who received featured credit for construction and contribution. The conflict of various production companies working together are often cited as the core reason for delayed finish times and spikes in cost. Lockheed Martin
No Co-Pilot Needed
The F-22’s cockpit is unique in its advanced technology, as well as its overall build and structure. There is no need for a co-pilot on tight aircraft, which means that only the best and most respected pilots can fly the F-22, as they’ll be doing it solo. The cockpit is designed quite intricately; it holds a monochrome head-up display and a keypad system used for autopilot data and communications. The pilot operating the aircraft needs to be educated in processing and analyzing data that is measured and deciphered through the technical instruments of the F-22.

29 Facts You Should Know About The F-22 Raptor | KiwiReport

29 Facts You Should Know About The F-22 Raptor
29 Facts You Should Know About The F-22 Raptor
The F-22 Raptor
Lockheed Martin
No Co-Pilot Needed
The 2014 Unveiling
The First Flight
The Hourly Cost
Airbourne Pit-Stops
F-22 Malfunctions
The Lucky T-Shirt
Average Life Span: 30 Years
An Invisible Weapon
Prepare For Battle
F-22 Deployment
An In-flight Spycraft
Excess Baggage? No Problem
The Almost Replacement
New Crash Reports
Bomb-Dropping
The Kill Ratio
The Super-Cruiser
Super Maneuverability
Surprising Versatility
The 1st Combat F-22 Squadron
It’s A Small War, After All
F-22 Inspiration
The New Raptor
A Modified Helmet
Just Like The 1st Jet-Fighter
The Next Generation

Lockheed Martin was head of weapon units, fuselage, and overall assembly. Boeing, another production company, was just as essential in the development and construction of the F-22.; they contributed flight wings, avionics integration, training systems, and aft fuselage. After the project was fully assembled, it was Lockheed Martin who received featured credit for construction and contribution. The conflict of various production companies working together are often cited as the core reason for delayed finish times and spikes in cost. Lockheed Martin
No Co-Pilot Needed
The F-22’s cockpit is unique in its advanced technology, as well as its overall build and structure. There is no need for a co-pilot on tight aircraft, which means that only the best and most respected pilots can fly the F-22, as they’ll be doing it solo. The cockpit is designed quite intricately; it holds a monochrome head-up display and a keypad system used for autopilot data and communications. The pilot operating the aircraft needs to be educated in processing and analyzing data that is measured and deciphered through the technical instruments of the F-22.

pilots - When does a flight require a copilot? - Aviation Stack Exchange
When does a flight require a copilot?
3 Answers
3
EU OPS (965) Subpart N
Ops 1.940 Composition of flight crew
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 pilots - When does a flight require a copilot? - Aviation Stack Exchange
When does a flight require a copilot? Ask Question
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I was wondering if there are regulations for when a flight requires both a pilot and copilot. I always assumed a copilot is required once civilian passengers are aboard, but when I recently was a passenger in South-African and South-American sight seeing flights, the pilot was always flying alone. Flights in europe however always had a pilot and copilot. Is this regulated by laws or can the pilot / airline company decide it on their own? pilots regulations
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A flight requires pilot & copilot when the aircraft being flown requires it. A multi-crew aeroplane is one that requires a flight crew of at least two pilots. One of them is the pilot-in-command (the captain) and the other is the co-pilot (or first officer). All jet air transport aeroplanes and the vast majority of turbine powered air transport aircraft and business jet are multi-crew aeroplanes.

pilots - When does a flight require a copilot? - Aviation Stack Exchange
When does a flight require a copilot? Ask Question
Asked 5 years, 8 months ago
Active 2 years, 1 month ago
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I was wondering if there are regulations for when a flight requires both a pilot and copilot. I always assumed a copilot is required once civilian passengers are aboard, but when I recently was a passenger in South-African and South-American sight seeing flights, the pilot was always flying alone. Flights in europe however always had a pilot and copilot. Is this regulated by laws or can the pilot / airline company decide it on their own? pilots regulations
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asked Sep 11 '15 at 8:05
McFarlane
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A flight requires pilot & copilot when the aircraft being flown requires it. A multi-crew aeroplane is one that requires a flight crew of at least two pilots. One of them is the pilot-in-command (the captain) and the other is the co-pilot (or first officer). All jet air transport aeroplanes and the vast majority of turbine powered air transport aircraft and business jet are multi-crew aeroplanes.

Snowbirds FAQ | Royal Canadian Air Force FAQ
FAQ
What kind of aircraft do the Snowbirds fly?
How many Snowbirds are there?
How many shows do the Snowbirds perform each year?
How much time do the Snowbirds spend travelling?
How does someone become a Snowbird pilot or technician?
How long does each Snowbird stay with the Team?
How is the Snowbird Team Lead (Boss) chosen?
How do I get the Snowbirds to fly at our air show?
What does the Snowbird crest symbolize?
Why is there a blue stripe painted along the side of the jets?
Where did the Snowbirds get their name?
How fast do you fly?
How close are the jets when they are flying in formation?
When the two solo aircraft perform their head-on passes, how fast are they flying and how close do they get to one another?
How is the white smoke made?
I've been to an air show and saw only eight aircraft flying instead of all nine. Was one of them broken?
What happens if the Boss gets sick?
How can I go flying with the Snowbirds?
Can you send me pictures of the Snowbirds?
 Underneath the jets there are two fuel pods (tanks) which contain diesel fuel. There is a tube from each tank to the exhaust at the back of the engine. The pilot squeezes a trigger on the control stick which starts the flow of diesel from the tank to the engine exhaust. When the diesel fuel enters the exhaust, it immediately vaporizes and creates a white smoke trail. To stop the flow of diesel fuel, the pilot squeezes the trigger one more time. This smoke trail dissipates before it reaches the ground and is considered harmless. I've been to an air show and saw only eight aircraft flying instead of all nine. Was one of them broken? The Snowbirds have two jets that are flown by the Coordinators that are used as spare aircraft for the performance. If at any time during the performance one of the nine jets becomes unserviceable, the pilot lands the jet and uses one of the spare aircraft.

Snowbirds FAQ | Royal Canadian Air Force

FAQ
FAQ
What kind of aircraft do the Snowbirds fly?
How many Snowbirds are there?
How many shows do the Snowbirds perform each year?
How much time do the Snowbirds spend travelling?
How does someone become a Snowbird pilot or technician?
How long does each Snowbird stay with the Team?
How is the Snowbird Team Lead (Boss) chosen?
How do I get the Snowbirds to fly at our air show?
What does the Snowbird crest symbolize?
Why is there a blue stripe painted along the side of the jets?
Where did the Snowbirds get their name?
How fast do you fly?
How close are the jets when they are flying in formation?
When the two solo aircraft perform their head-on passes, how fast are they flying and how close do they get to one another?
How is the white smoke made?
I've been to an air show and saw only eight aircraft flying instead of all nine. Was one of them broken?
What happens if the Boss gets sick?
How can I go flying with the Snowbirds?
Can you send me pictures of the Snowbirds?

Underneath the jets there are two fuel pods (tanks) which contain diesel fuel. There is a tube from each tank to the exhaust at the back of the engine. The pilot squeezes a trigger on the control stick which starts the flow of diesel from the tank to the engine exhaust. When the diesel fuel enters the exhaust, it immediately vaporizes and creates a white smoke trail. To stop the flow of diesel fuel, the pilot squeezes the trigger one more time. This smoke trail dissipates before it reaches the ground and is considered harmless. I've been to an air show and saw only eight aircraft flying instead of all nine. Was one of them broken? The Snowbirds have two jets that are flown by the Coordinators that are used as spare aircraft for the performance. If at any time during the performance one of the nine jets becomes unserviceable, the pilot lands the jet and uses one of the spare aircraft.

Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People? Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People?
Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People?
February 18, 2014
 Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People? Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People? February 18, 2014
DEAR ASSOCIATED PRESS (and most other media outlets): I wish you would pay closer attention to use of the phrase “the pilot” in your stories. This is one of those commonly repeated tics that always gets my goat, resulting in pedantic, vaguely neurotic rants like this one. “The pilot” did this, “the pilot” said that. Well, which pilot exactly, because there are always at least two pilots in a jetliner cockpit — a captain and first officer — and both of these individuals are fully qualified to operate the aircraft. Use of the singular implies that the other person in the cockpit is something other than, and presumably less than, an actual pilot.

Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People?

Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People?
Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People?
February 18, 2014

Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People? Pilots and Copilots. Who are These People? February 18, 2014
DEAR ASSOCIATED PRESS (and most other media outlets): I wish you would pay closer attention to use of the phrase “the pilot” in your stories. This is one of those commonly repeated tics that always gets my goat, resulting in pedantic, vaguely neurotic rants like this one. “The pilot” did this, “the pilot” said that. Well, which pilot exactly, because there are always at least two pilots in a jetliner cockpit — a captain and first officer — and both of these individuals are fully qualified to operate the aircraft. Use of the singular implies that the other person in the cockpit is something other than, and presumably less than, an actual pilot.

Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights
Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights
Click here for more from the special report on the U.S. nuclear enterprise.
Blink and you’ll miss it: The B-21 bomber accomplishes another big review
What aircraft does the US Air Force need to beat China and Russia? This new study has an answer.
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Fear of missing out? Sign up for the Early Bird Brief, the defense industry's most comprehensive news and information, straight to your inbox. Thanks for signing up. By giving us your email, you are opting in to the Early Bird Brief. To prepare for the types of missions that would take them beyond an adversary’s border, B-2 crew training involves traveling from America’s heartland to the other side of the globe. Beck said he tries to stay awake for the majority of a long flight on the B-52 so he can be ready to perform any task needed. But B-2 pilots have less of a choice in that respect. The B-52 is flown by a five-person crew — two pilots, two navigators and one electronic warfare officer. On the B-2, all tasks are shared between the two pilots, leaving less time for rest. “You just have to identify what the crunch points are going to be.

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Fear of missing out? Sign up for the Early Bird Brief, the defense industry's most comprehensive news and information, straight to your inbox. Thanks for signing up. By giving us your email, you are opting in to the Early Bird Brief. To prepare for the types of missions that would take them beyond an adversary’s border, B-2 crew training involves traveling from America’s heartland to the other side of the globe. Beck said he tries to stay awake for the majority of a long flight on the B-52 so he can be ready to perform any task needed. But B-2 pilots have less of a choice in that respect. The B-52 is flown by a five-person crew — two pilots, two navigators and one electronic warfare officer. On the B-2, all tasks are shared between the two pilots, leaving less time for rest. “You just have to identify what the crunch points are going to be.

How to become a Pilot after 12th - Pilot Training | Education After 12th How to become a Commercial Pilot after 12th class
How to become a Commercial Pilot after 12th class
What is Pilot:
Career Paths as Pilot:
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The eligibility requirement to become a Pilot:
Do you have what it takes to become an airline pilot?
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How to Become a Pilot: Education and Career in Airline Pilot
Step 1: Obtain a Bachelor’s Degree
Step 2: Getting Flight Experience
Step 3: Getting a Pilot’s License
Step 4: Complete Additional Tests and Training
Step 5: Advance as an Airline Pilot
Process of admission in Pilot Training course and institute after 12th science-
There are different exams you can appear for (depending on your educational qualification), to become a pilot in the Indian Air Force:
A) After 10+2: Through NDA exam
B) After Graduation
CDSE (for men only)
Kind of Pilot Training provided in Pilot Training Institutes-
Training Institute for becoming a Pilot:
Detail on How to Become a pilot after 12th:
How to become a Commercial Pilot after 12th class
 You are the one most responsible person for hundreds of lives in a single aircraft or aeroplane. You may need to carry out more than 100 headaches before flying a passenger aircraft or other private jets. In the term, there are two pilots. The Senior and experienced Pilot is the captain and the second one is the co-pilot. In bigger aircraft, there should be a third pilot too as the flight engineer. However, after the automatic computerized monitoring system, maximum airlines are left with only two pilots. The captain keeps surveillance to other crew members while co-pilot monitoring the system and communicate with the air traffic controllers. The different functions of air pilots are: have to Check the aircraft/Jets so to make its smooth functioning. To know about the weather condition of all the destinations en route.

How to become a Pilot after 12th - Pilot Training | Education After 12th

How to become a Commercial Pilot after 12th class
How to become a Commercial Pilot after 12th class
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How to Become a Pilot: Education and Career in Airline Pilot
Step 1: Obtain a Bachelor’s Degree
Step 2: Getting Flight Experience
Step 3: Getting a Pilot’s License
Step 4: Complete Additional Tests and Training
Step 5: Advance as an Airline Pilot
Process of admission in Pilot Training course and institute after 12th science-
There are different exams you can appear for (depending on your educational qualification), to become a pilot in the Indian Air Force:
A) After 10+2: Through NDA exam
B) After Graduation
CDSE (for men only)
Kind of Pilot Training provided in Pilot Training Institutes-
Training Institute for becoming a Pilot:
Detail on How to Become a pilot after 12th:
How to become a Commercial Pilot after 12th class

You are the one most responsible person for hundreds of lives in a single aircraft or aeroplane. You may need to carry out more than 100 headaches before flying a passenger aircraft or other private jets. In the term, there are two pilots. The Senior and experienced Pilot is the captain and the second one is the co-pilot. In bigger aircraft, there should be a third pilot too as the flight engineer. However, after the automatic computerized monitoring system, maximum airlines are left with only two pilots. The captain keeps surveillance to other crew members while co-pilot monitoring the system and communicate with the air traffic controllers. The different functions of air pilots are: have to Check the aircraft/Jets so to make its smooth functioning. To know about the weather condition of all the destinations en route.

F-15E 'Strike' Eagle, United States of America F-15E ‘Strike’ Eagle
F-15E ‘Strike’ Eagle
F-15 Strike Eagle programme and development
F-15SE Silent Eagle stealth variant
“In March 2009, Boeing unveiled the F-15 Silent Eagle (F-15SE).”
F-15K Slam Eagle next-generation South Korean fighter
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“The F-15E is crewed by the pilot and the WSO.”
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 “More than 1,500 F-15s are in service worldwide.” The Republic of Korea has ordered Raytheon AIM-120 AMRAAM and AIM-9X Sidewinder air-to-air missiles and Boeing SLAM-ER stand-off land attack missiles for the new aircraft. First flight of a SLAM-ER, which has a range of 278km (150nm), onboard an F-15E took place in February 2004. In 2010, the Republic of Korea Air Force also plans to procure AGM-158 joint air-to-surface stand-off missiles (JASSM). Cockpit
While F-15A/C aircraft are single-crew aircraft, F-15B/D/E have a crew of two. The F-15E Strike Eagle is crewed by the pilot and the weapon systems officer (WSO). The WSO is equipped with two Sperry full-color and two Kaiser single-color cathode ray tubes. The WSO can access information from the radar, electronic warfare or infrared sensors, and monitor aircraft or weapons status and possible threats. The WSO also selects targets and navigates with the aid of a moving map display, produced by an AlliedSignal remote film strip reader. The pilot’s crew station features one full-colour and two single-colour cathode ray tubes.

F-15E 'Strike' Eagle, United States of America

F-15E ‘Strike’ Eagle
F-15E ‘Strike’ Eagle
F-15 Strike Eagle programme and development
F-15SE Silent Eagle stealth variant
“In March 2009, Boeing unveiled the F-15 Silent Eagle (F-15SE).”
F-15K Slam Eagle next-generation South Korean fighter
Cockpit
Weapons
“The F-15E is crewed by the pilot and the WSO.”
Targeting
Countermeasures
Flight control
Engines
Join Our Newsletter

“More than 1,500 F-15s are in service worldwide.” The Republic of Korea has ordered Raytheon AIM-120 AMRAAM and AIM-9X Sidewinder air-to-air missiles and Boeing SLAM-ER stand-off land attack missiles for the new aircraft. First flight of a SLAM-ER, which has a range of 278km (150nm), onboard an F-15E took place in February 2004. In 2010, the Republic of Korea Air Force also plans to procure AGM-158 joint air-to-surface stand-off missiles (JASSM). Cockpit
While F-15A/C aircraft are single-crew aircraft, F-15B/D/E have a crew of two. The F-15E Strike Eagle is crewed by the pilot and the weapon systems officer (WSO). The WSO is equipped with two Sperry full-color and two Kaiser single-color cathode ray tubes. The WSO can access information from the radar, electronic warfare or infrared sensors, and monitor aircraft or weapons status and possible threats. The WSO also selects targets and navigates with the aid of a moving map display, produced by an AlliedSignal remote film strip reader. The pilot’s crew station features one full-colour and two single-colour cathode ray tubes.

Pilots - How Airline Crews Work | HowStuffWorks How Airline Crews Work
How Airline Crews Work
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 The captain also flies the plane for much of the trip, but generally trades off with the first officer at some point. Advertisement
The first officer, the second in command, sits on the right side of the cockpit. He or she has all of the same controls as the captain, and has had the same level of training. The primary reason for having two pilots on every flight is safety. Obviously, if something happens to the captain, a plane must have another pilot who can step in. Additionally, the first officer provides a second opinion on piloting decisions, keeping pilot error to a minimum. Most airliners built before 1980 have a cockpit position for a flight engineer, also called the second officer. Typically, flight engineers are fully trained pilots, but on an ordinary trip, they don't fly the plane. Instead, they monitor the airplane's instruments and calculate figures such as ideal takeoff and landing speed, power settings and fuel management. In newer airliners, most of this work is done by computerized systems, eliminating the need for the flight-engineer position.

Pilots - How Airline Crews Work | HowStuffWorks

How Airline Crews Work
How Airline Crews Work
Pilots
Language of the Skies

The captain also flies the plane for much of the trip, but generally trades off with the first officer at some point. Advertisement
The first officer, the second in command, sits on the right side of the cockpit. He or she has all of the same controls as the captain, and has had the same level of training. The primary reason for having two pilots on every flight is safety. Obviously, if something happens to the captain, a plane must have another pilot who can step in. Additionally, the first officer provides a second opinion on piloting decisions, keeping pilot error to a minimum. Most airliners built before 1980 have a cockpit position for a flight engineer, also called the second officer. Typically, flight engineers are fully trained pilots, but on an ordinary trip, they don't fly the plane. Instead, they monitor the airplane's instruments and calculate figures such as ideal takeoff and landing speed, power settings and fuel management. In newer airliners, most of this work is done by computerized systems, eliminating the need for the flight-engineer position.

pilots - When does a flight require a copilot? - Aviation Stack Exchange
When does a flight require a copilot?
3 Answers
3
EU OPS (965) Subpart N
Ops 1.940 Composition of flight crew
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 (i) engine management and emergency handling; (ii) use of normal, abnormal and emergency checklist; (iii) ATC communication; (iv) departure and approach procedures; (v) autopilot management; and
(vi) use of simplified in-flight documentation; the recurrent checks required by OPS 1.965 shall be performed in the single-pilot role on the type or class of aeroplane in an environment representative of the operation; the pilot shall have a minimum of 50 hours flight time on the specific type or class of aeroplane under IFR of which 10 hours is as commander; and
the minimum required recent experience for a pilot engaged in a single-pilot operation under IFR or at night shall be 5 IFR flights, including three instrument approaches, carried out during the preceding 90 days on the type or class of aeroplane in the single-pilot role. This requirement may be replaced by an IFR instrument approach check on the type or class of aeroplane
(text is copy-pasted since getting a working link to a consolidated version of EU-OPS is a pain)
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In the United States there are 3 basic situations that generally lead to an aircraft being flow by 2 (or more) crew:

When does a flight require a copilot?
3 Answers
3
EU OPS (965) Subpart N
Ops 1.940 Composition of flight crew
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged pilots regulations or ask your own question.

(i) engine management and emergency handling; (ii) use of normal, abnormal and emergency checklist; (iii) ATC communication; (iv) departure and approach procedures; (v) autopilot management; and
(vi) use of simplified in-flight documentation; the recurrent checks required by OPS 1.965 shall be performed in the single-pilot role on the type or class of aeroplane in an environment representative of the operation; the pilot shall have a minimum of 50 hours flight time on the specific type or class of aeroplane under IFR of which 10 hours is as commander; and
the minimum required recent experience for a pilot engaged in a single-pilot operation under IFR or at night shall be 5 IFR flights, including three instrument approaches, carried out during the preceding 90 days on the type or class of aeroplane in the single-pilot role. This requirement may be replaced by an IFR instrument approach check on the type or class of aeroplane
(text is copy-pasted since getting a working link to a consolidated version of EU-OPS is a pain)
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edited Jun 17 '20 at 8:28
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answered Sep 24 '17 at 8:29
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In the United States there are 3 basic situations that generally lead to an aircraft being flow by 2 (or more) crew:

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Single Pilot Jets Besides, you almost certainly will pay more in insurance premiums than a qualified copilot would cost to hire. ADVERTISEMENT
Many business jet owners will argue that single-pilot flying is safe, but no sane person would say it is 100 percent as safe as with a well-trained crew of two professional pilots. But in all forms of general aviation flying we trade a small amount of safety potential-a second pilot, or maybe second engine-for convenience and availability. If we didn't make some small compromises on potential safety, we would all be on the airlines because they adhere to the most rigid, and potentially safest, standards. The first company that I know of that attempted to win single-pilot certification for a business jet was Lear Jet with its original Model 23. Bill Lear imagined his speedy little jet as very much a personal airplane, unlike the Gulfstream, JetStar, Hawker 125 and Sabreliner, all true corporate airplanes that the giant airplane companies were delivering in the early 1960s. Maximum certified takeoff weight in the Lear Jet 23 was set at 12,500 pounds so it could qualify under the small aircraft rules. The company did win certification in the small airplane category for the 23, but after FAA flight testing the agency ruled that a second pilot would be required. Following models of the Learjet were certified in the transport category and single-pilot approval has never been awarded, or even requested, as far as I know. When Cessna developed the original Citation 500 in the early 1970s the airplane was approved at a maximum takeoff weight of 11,850 pounds, which qualified for small airplane certification, but it was certified in the transport category and required a crew of two.

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Besides, you almost certainly will pay more in insurance premiums than a qualified copilot would cost to hire. ADVERTISEMENT
Many business jet owners will argue that single-pilot flying is safe, but no sane person would say it is 100 percent as safe as with a well-trained crew of two professional pilots. But in all forms of general aviation flying we trade a small amount of safety potential-a second pilot, or maybe second engine-for convenience and availability. If we didn't make some small compromises on potential safety, we would all be on the airlines because they adhere to the most rigid, and potentially safest, standards. The first company that I know of that attempted to win single-pilot certification for a business jet was Lear Jet with its original Model 23. Bill Lear imagined his speedy little jet as very much a personal airplane, unlike the Gulfstream, JetStar, Hawker 125 and Sabreliner, all true corporate airplanes that the giant airplane companies were delivering in the early 1960s. Maximum certified takeoff weight in the Lear Jet 23 was set at 12,500 pounds so it could qualify under the small aircraft rules. The company did win certification in the small airplane category for the 23, but after FAA flight testing the agency ruled that a second pilot would be required. Following models of the Learjet were certified in the transport category and single-pilot approval has never been awarded, or even requested, as far as I know. When Cessna developed the original Citation 500 in the early 1970s the airplane was approved at a maximum takeoff weight of 11,850 pounds, which qualified for small airplane certification, but it was certified in the transport category and required a crew of two.

Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights Here’s how B-2 bomber pilots pull off grueling 33-hour flights
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Blink and you’ll miss it: The B-21 bomber accomplishes another big review
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 Beck said he tries to stay awake for the majority of a long flight on the B-52 so he can be ready to perform any task needed. But B-2 pilots have less of a choice in that respect. The B-52 is flown by a five-person crew — two pilots, two navigators and one electronic warfare officer. On the B-2, all tasks are shared between the two pilots, leaving less time for rest. “You just have to identify what the crunch points are going to be. What’s going to be the most important thing to do?” said Capt. Mike Haffner, a B-2 pilot with the 13th Bomb Squadron, who manages the aircraft simulators. “When you get started in that mission, [it’s important] to not get lulled into a false sense of security because you feel like you have 12 hours or more to get over to the target area,” he said. “ You’ve got to be productive and get things done, so you can start taking turns taking naps and getting ahead of that, because as soon as you get behind the power curve, it's kind of hard to recover.”

Beck said he tries to stay awake for the majority of a long flight on the B-52 so he can be ready to perform any task needed. But B-2 pilots have less of a choice in that respect. The B-52 is flown by a five-person crew — two pilots, two navigators and one electronic warfare officer. On the B-2, all tasks are shared between the two pilots, leaving less time for rest. “You just have to identify what the crunch points are going to be. What’s going to be the most important thing to do?” said Capt. Mike Haffner, a B-2 pilot with the 13th Bomb Squadron, who manages the aircraft simulators. “When you get started in that mission, [it’s important] to not get lulled into a false sense of security because you feel like you have 12 hours or more to get over to the target area,” he said. “ You’ve got to be productive and get things done, so you can start taking turns taking naps and getting ahead of that, because as soon as you get behind the power curve, it's kind of hard to recover.”

single engine or twin engine aircraft
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 They can easily access smaller airports with shorter runways, increasing the number of airstrips they’re able to reach within their ranges. The second engine increases an aircraft’s payload and speed. In addition to faster cruise speeds, the added horsepower of a second engine also improves takeoff and climb performance. Peace of mind
Intangibles such as peace of mind are often decision-makers for owners and operators. Many prefer the redundancy of a twin-engine aircraft when their typical missions take them over mountains or large bodies of water. Some twin-engine models, like the BEECHCRAFT® BARON® aircraft, include added engineering that keeps all systems—even cabin comforts—running off one engine. Of course, modern single-engine airplanes are also incredibly advanced. They’re equipped with the latest technology, including autopilot systems that help with handling. Training
Flying a single-engine or a twin-engine aircraft requires the same base instruction and licenses, but if you’re planning to fly a multi-engine aircraft, the Federal Aviation Administration requires more training, because with two engines, there’s more to manage and monitor in the cockpit. Any complete aircraft type rating demands intimate knowledge, practice and preparation for safe operation.

single engine or twin engine aircraft

Journey
Business aviation insights, resources and stories
Single-engine or twin-engine aircraft?
Let your needs narrow your choices
Performance
Peace of mind
Training
Maintenance

They can easily access smaller airports with shorter runways, increasing the number of airstrips they’re able to reach within their ranges. The second engine increases an aircraft’s payload and speed. In addition to faster cruise speeds, the added horsepower of a second engine also improves takeoff and climb performance. Peace of mind
Intangibles such as peace of mind are often decision-makers for owners and operators. Many prefer the redundancy of a twin-engine aircraft when their typical missions take them over mountains or large bodies of water. Some twin-engine models, like the BEECHCRAFT® BARON® aircraft, include added engineering that keeps all systems—even cabin comforts—running off one engine. Of course, modern single-engine airplanes are also incredibly advanced. They’re equipped with the latest technology, including autopilot systems that help with handling. Training
Flying a single-engine or a twin-engine aircraft requires the same base instruction and licenses, but if you’re planning to fly a multi-engine aircraft, the Federal Aviation Administration requires more training, because with two engines, there’s more to manage and monitor in the cockpit. Any complete aircraft type rating demands intimate knowledge, practice and preparation for safe operation.

pilots - When does a flight require a copilot? - Aviation Stack Exchange
When does a flight require a copilot?
3 Answers
3
EU OPS (965) Subpart N
Ops 1.940 Composition of flight crew
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged pilots regulations or ask your own question.
 The aircraft is categorized in the "air transport" class (eg commercial jets)
The maximum takeoff weight of the aircraft exceeds 12,500 pounds
The aircraft is so complex that the manufacturer recommends that it be flown by two pilots
Note that some aircraft, like variants of the 747, require 3 people because there is a station for an engineer. In the old days the FAA used to require jets to be flown by two people, but now if a jet can come in under 12,000 pounds they can get certified for solo flight. There are a bunch of planes right now pegged at 12,500 and multiple manufacturers would like to go over that limit and still have them certified for solo flight, so there is some pressure on the FAA to relax the limit. Share
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The aircraft is categorized in the "air transport" class (eg commercial jets)
The maximum takeoff weight of the aircraft exceeds 12,500 pounds
The aircraft is so complex that the manufacturer recommends that it be flown by two pilots
Note that some aircraft, like variants of the 747, require 3 people because there is a station for an engineer. In the old days the FAA used to require jets to be flown by two people, but now if a jet can come in under 12,000 pounds they can get certified for solo flight. There are a bunch of planes right now pegged at 12,500 and multiple manufacturers would like to go over that limit and still have them certified for solo flight, so there is some pressure on the FAA to relax the limit. Share
Improve this answer
answered Oct 12 '17 at 19:58
Tyler Durden
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Highly active question. Earn 10 reputation in order to answer this question. The reputation requirement helps protect this question from spam and non-answer activity. Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged pilots regulations or ask your own question.

Military Technology: What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat? - Quora Military Technology:
What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat?

Military Technology: What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat? US Deputy Defence Secretary Robert Work
5 years ago, the title for the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat would undoubtedly goes to the F-22A Raptor, but what a difference 5 years have made, as the J-20 Stealth fighter enters initial low-rate production in 2016. The F-22A Raptor is fairly short-ranged, at least considering the operational distances in the Pacific theatre. It is a reasonable estimate that the J-20 could have as much as 40% more internal fuel capacity than the F-22 and could perform longer combat missions. The longer J-20 fuselage improves fineness ratio, with benefits for transonic drag. The wing and control surface layout of the J-20 is also very different from the F-22A. J-20's leading edge root extensions project from the trapezoidal wings almost all the way to canard fore- planes, which contribute to better maneuverability. The J-20's canards contribute positively to the total lift of the aircraft, and along with the forward fuselage strakes, contribute to a huge surplus of lift that is necessary to horse the plane around at very low airspeeds and in a very high alpha angle of Attack. Both of these factors should minimize mach tuck, an aerodynamic phenomena that pitches the nose down as the plane approaches supersonic speed. The F-22A does not possess canards and rely entirely on its high-powered engines to vary lift. While some observers have suggested canards are incompatible with stealth, foreplanes were present on early F-35 designs and engineers who worked on the program have stated the final quad-tail configuration was no stealthier than the earlier canard-delta design. Furthermore, if only 5th-Gen stealth fighters are involved, the battle usually occur in within-visual range distances, since both sides are unable to detect each other in beyond-visual-range distances.

Military Technology: What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat? - Quora

Military Technology:
What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat?

Military Technology: What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat?

U.S. Air Force Buying 80 New F-15X Fighter Planes The U.S. Air Force Is Buying New F-15s After All
The U.S. Air Force Is Buying New F-15s After All USAFGetty Images
Why does the Air Force want to buy a better version of an older non-stealth fighter when it's already got plenty of F-35s on the way? The running theory is that the F-15X will complement the F-22 Raptor and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter in the air combat mission. The F-22 and F-35 can carry only six and four air-to-air missiles respectively, tucked away in internal weapons bays. Both jets can tack on external pylons to carry more weapons, but doing so would ruin their carefully designed stealth profiles. In combat, the Air Force could pair an F-35 Joint Strike Fighter with an F-15X, with the F-35 remaining hidden from enemy sensors and quietly marking targets for the F-15X to kill. With up to 22 missiles on the F-15X, this combination could take out a lot of enemy aircraft before running out of ammunition. Another theoretical mission for the F-15X would be the suppression of enemy air defenses. Such units are specifically trained and equipped to hunt down air-defense systems on the ground, identifying them and targeting them with radar-homing missiles. Currently, this mission is assigned to single-seat F-16 fighters. A two-seat aircraft with plenty of room for electronic warfare pods and munitions racks—and air-to-air missiles in case enemy fighters come calling—would make for a great "Wild Weasel," as these planes are frequently called.

U.S. Air Force Buying 80 New F-15X Fighter Planes

The U.S. Air Force Is Buying New F-15s After All
The U.S. Air Force Is Buying New F-15s After All

USAFGetty Images
Why does the Air Force want to buy a better version of an older non-stealth fighter when it's already got plenty of F-35s on the way? The running theory is that the F-15X will complement the F-22 Raptor and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter in the air combat mission. The F-22 and F-35 can carry only six and four air-to-air missiles respectively, tucked away in internal weapons bays. Both jets can tack on external pylons to carry more weapons, but doing so would ruin their carefully designed stealth profiles. In combat, the Air Force could pair an F-35 Joint Strike Fighter with an F-15X, with the F-35 remaining hidden from enemy sensors and quietly marking targets for the F-15X to kill. With up to 22 missiles on the F-15X, this combination could take out a lot of enemy aircraft before running out of ammunition. Another theoretical mission for the F-15X would be the suppression of enemy air defenses. Such units are specifically trained and equipped to hunt down air-defense systems on the ground, identifying them and targeting them with radar-homing missiles. Currently, this mission is assigned to single-seat F-16 fighters. A two-seat aircraft with plenty of room for electronic warfare pods and munitions racks—and air-to-air missiles in case enemy fighters come calling—would make for a great "Wild Weasel," as these planes are frequently called.

The 310: Cessna’s Six-Seat “Learjet with Props” | Cessna Owner Organization The 310: Cessna’s Six-Seat “Learjet with Props”
The 310: Cessna’s Six-Seat “Learjet with Props”
Yes, your honor, I admit it. I was once and still remain a speed freak—the more the better!
Specifications & Performance – 1981 Cessna T310R
Specifications
Performance
 The type possesses a magnetic charisma that often transcends their talents. Eighty-seven years ago, after Lindbergh’s successful, 1927, Atlantic crossing, he was asked why he didn’t choose a twin for the trip; his response was, “Why would I want to double my chances of an engine failure?” It’s certainly true that twins have their place. If you fly regular missions across mountains or over water where an engine failure would make a successful emergency landing unlikely, two engines may be better than one. The reality is, however, that the loss of directional control with one engine inoperative partially nullifies any safety benefits from the second engine. Sadly, most pilots of multi-engine aircraft rarely practice single-engine flight. Safety statistics for twin engine airplanes don’t support the contention that the second engine contributes to greater safety when one engine quits. The standard joke line among some instructors is, “What do you do when one engine quits on a twin? Start the other one.”

The 310: Cessna’s Six-Seat “Learjet with Props” | Cessna Owner Organization

The 310: Cessna’s Six-Seat “Learjet with Props”
The 310: Cessna’s Six-Seat “Learjet with Props”
Yes, your honor, I admit it. I was once and still remain a speed freak—the more the better!
Specifications & Performance – 1981 Cessna T310R
Specifications
Performance

The type possesses a magnetic charisma that often transcends their talents. Eighty-seven years ago, after Lindbergh’s successful, 1927, Atlantic crossing, he was asked why he didn’t choose a twin for the trip; his response was, “Why would I want to double my chances of an engine failure?” It’s certainly true that twins have their place. If you fly regular missions across mountains or over water where an engine failure would make a successful emergency landing unlikely, two engines may be better than one. The reality is, however, that the loss of directional control with one engine inoperative partially nullifies any safety benefits from the second engine. Sadly, most pilots of multi-engine aircraft rarely practice single-engine flight. Safety statistics for twin engine airplanes don’t support the contention that the second engine contributes to greater safety when one engine quits. The standard joke line among some instructors is, “What do you do when one engine quits on a twin? Start the other one.”

7 Best Single Pilot Jets Available in 2020 (Business & Private) - PilotMall.com 7 Best Single Pilot Jets Available in 2020
7 Best Single Pilot Jets Available in 2020
1. Cessna Citation CJ3+
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2. Cessna Citation CJ4
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3. Cessna Citation M2
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4. Embraer Phenom 300E
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5. HondaJet HA-420
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6. Pilatus PC-24
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7. SyberJet SJ30 Series (SJ30i & SJ30x)
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 7 Best Single Pilot Jets Available in 2020 (Business & Private) - PilotMall.com
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Are you in the market for a private or business jet? While you’ve been reviewing your options, you’ve probably noticed that many jets require a two-person crew. Of course, that second pilot increases your operating expenses. Imagine the savings of being free to hire just one pilot rather than two for your travel needs. Also, if you plan to pilot your own jet, you may naturally wish you didn’t have to hire a co-pilot to join you in the cockpit. Good news – you have that option thanks to the single pilot class of light jets. Many single pilot jets have two seats in the cockpit, but they are rated to be flown by just one pilot, giving you the benefit of decreased operating costs. Ready to review your options? Here are our votes for the 7 best single pilot jets available in 2020. 1.

7 Best Single Pilot Jets Available in 2020 (Business & Private) - PilotMall.com

7 Best Single Pilot Jets Available in 2020
7 Best Single Pilot Jets Available in 2020
1. Cessna Citation CJ3+
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2. Cessna Citation CJ4
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3. Cessna Citation M2
Specs:
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4. Embraer Phenom 300E
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5. HondaJet HA-420
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6. Pilatus PC-24
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7. SyberJet SJ30 Series (SJ30i & SJ30x)
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7 Best Single Pilot Jets Available in 2020 (Business & Private) - PilotMall.com
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Are you in the market for a private or business jet? While you’ve been reviewing your options, you’ve probably noticed that many jets require a two-person crew. Of course, that second pilot increases your operating expenses. Imagine the savings of being free to hire just one pilot rather than two for your travel needs. Also, if you plan to pilot your own jet, you may naturally wish you didn’t have to hire a co-pilot to join you in the cockpit. Good news – you have that option thanks to the single pilot class of light jets. Many single pilot jets have two seats in the cockpit, but they are rated to be flown by just one pilot, giving you the benefit of decreased operating costs. Ready to review your options? Here are our votes for the 7 best single pilot jets available in 2020. 1.

North American A-5 Vigilante | Military Wiki | Fandom North American A-5 Vigilante
North American A-5 Vigilante
Design and development
Operational history
Influence
Records
Variants
XA3J-1
A-5A (A3J-1)
A-5B (A3J-2)
YA-5C (XA3J-3P)
RA-5C (A3J-3P)
NR-349 Retaliator
Operators
United States
Aircraft on display
A-5A
RA-5C
Specifications (A-5A Vigilante)
General characteristics
Performance
Armament
Avionics
Systems carried by A-5 or RA-5C
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
 Choose up to 7 games
Buy Now from Fanatical
Fandom may earn an affiliate commission on sales made from links on this page. At the time of its introduction, the Vigilante was one of the largest and by far the most complex aircraft to operate from a United States Navy aircraft carrier. It had a high-mounted swept wing with a boundary-layer control system (blown flaps) to improve low-speed lift. There were no ailerons. Roll control was provided by spoilers in conjunction with differential deflection of the all-moving tail surfaces. Use of aluminum-lithium alloy for wing skins and titanium for critical structures were also unusual. The A-5 had two widely spaced General Electric J79 turbojet engines (the same as used on the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter), and a single large all-moving vertical stabilizer. Preliminary design studies had employed twin vertical fin/rudders. The wings, vertical stabilizer and the nose radome folded for carrier stowage. The Vigilante had a crew of two seated in tandem, a pilot and a bombardier-navigator (BN)—reconnaissance/attack navigator (RAN) on later recon versions— in individual ejection seats.

North American A-5 Vigilante | Military Wiki | Fandom

North American A-5 Vigilante
North American A-5 Vigilante
Design and development
Operational history
Influence
Records
Variants
XA3J-1
A-5A (A3J-1)
A-5B (A3J-2)
YA-5C (XA3J-3P)
RA-5C (A3J-3P)
NR-349 Retaliator
Operators
United States
Aircraft on display
A-5A
RA-5C
Specifications (A-5A Vigilante)
General characteristics
Performance
Armament
Avionics
Systems carried by A-5 or RA-5C
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links

Choose up to 7 games
Buy Now from Fanatical
Fandom may earn an affiliate commission on sales made from links on this page. At the time of its introduction, the Vigilante was one of the largest and by far the most complex aircraft to operate from a United States Navy aircraft carrier. It had a high-mounted swept wing with a boundary-layer control system (blown flaps) to improve low-speed lift. There were no ailerons. Roll control was provided by spoilers in conjunction with differential deflection of the all-moving tail surfaces. Use of aluminum-lithium alloy for wing skins and titanium for critical structures were also unusual. The A-5 had two widely spaced General Electric J79 turbojet engines (the same as used on the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter), and a single large all-moving vertical stabilizer. Preliminary design studies had employed twin vertical fin/rudders. The wings, vertical stabilizer and the nose radome folded for carrier stowage. The Vigilante had a crew of two seated in tandem, a pilot and a bombardier-navigator (BN)—reconnaissance/attack navigator (RAN) on later recon versions— in individual ejection seats.

Snowbirds FAQ | Royal Canadian Air Force FAQ
FAQ
What kind of aircraft do the Snowbirds fly?
How many Snowbirds are there?
How many shows do the Snowbirds perform each year?
How much time do the Snowbirds spend travelling?
How does someone become a Snowbird pilot or technician?
How long does each Snowbird stay with the Team?
How is the Snowbird Team Lead (Boss) chosen?
How do I get the Snowbirds to fly at our air show?
What does the Snowbird crest symbolize?
Why is there a blue stripe painted along the side of the jets?
Where did the Snowbirds get their name?
How fast do you fly?
How close are the jets when they are flying in formation?
When the two solo aircraft perform their head-on passes, how fast are they flying and how close do they get to one another?
How is the white smoke made?
I've been to an air show and saw only eight aircraft flying instead of all nine. Was one of them broken?
What happens if the Boss gets sick?
How can I go flying with the Snowbirds?
Can you send me pictures of the Snowbirds?
 This smoke trail dissipates before it reaches the ground and is considered harmless. I've been to an air show and saw only eight aircraft flying instead of all nine. Was one of them broken? The Snowbirds have two jets that are flown by the Coordinators that are used as spare aircraft for the performance. If at any time during the performance one of the nine jets becomes unserviceable, the pilot lands the jet and uses one of the spare aircraft. Since the Snowbirds do not have any spare pilots, if one of the pilots gets sick, then that person cannot fly in the show. The Team will then make minor changes to their performance and fly without that one pilot. What happens if the Boss gets sick? That is a more serious problem since the Snowbirds don't have a spare Boss. If the Boss cannot fly, then the Snowbirds will not fly.

This smoke trail dissipates before it reaches the ground and is considered harmless. I've been to an air show and saw only eight aircraft flying instead of all nine. Was one of them broken? The Snowbirds have two jets that are flown by the Coordinators that are used as spare aircraft for the performance. If at any time during the performance one of the nine jets becomes unserviceable, the pilot lands the jet and uses one of the spare aircraft. Since the Snowbirds do not have any spare pilots, if one of the pilots gets sick, then that person cannot fly in the show. The Team will then make minor changes to their performance and fly without that one pilot. What happens if the Boss gets sick? That is a more serious problem since the Snowbirds don't have a spare Boss. If the Boss cannot fly, then the Snowbirds will not fly.

Twinjet - Wikipedia Twinjet
Twinjet
Contents
Aircraft configurations
History
Efficiency
ETOPS
Introduction to transoceanic flights
Other advantages
See also
References
External links
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Boeing 737 Twinjet
The Vought F7U Cutlass was one of the first modern twinjet fighters. A twinjet or twin-engine jet is a jet aircraft powered by two engines. A twinjet is able to fly well enough to land with a single working engine, making it safer than a single-engine aircraft in the event of failure of an engine. Fuel efficiency of a twinjet is better than that of aircraft with more engines.

Twinjet - Wikipedia

Twinjet
Twinjet
Contents
Aircraft configurations
History
Efficiency
ETOPS
Introduction to transoceanic flights
Other advantages
See also
References
External links

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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: " Twinjet" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR
(November 2016)
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Boeing 737 Twinjet
The Vought F7U Cutlass was one of the first modern twinjet fighters. A twinjet or twin-engine jet is a jet aircraft powered by two engines. A twinjet is able to fly well enough to land with a single working engine, making it safer than a single-engine aircraft in the event of failure of an engine. Fuel efficiency of a twinjet is better than that of aircraft with more engines.

Moving Up to a Jet | Flying Moving Up to a Jet
Moving Up to a Jet The Beechcraft Premier IA, the CitationJet series, the Mustang and the Embraer Phenom 100 are just some of the jets eligible for single-pilot operation. And more are in development. So what's the big deal about jets? Why do the FAA, insurance companies and especially pilots view them as different creatures from propeller airplanes? Some of the mystique is left over from the early jet age when our understanding of aerodynamics, particularly at high altitudes and high airspeeds, was not complete. Early jets did have many characteristics, such as the so-called "coffin corner," that could trap the inexperienced pilot. The "coffin corner" is largely a thing of the past, but in early jets the wing design was such that, at a high altitude and high weight, the jet could be flying just a few knots above the low-speed stall buffet, and just a few knots below the high-speed Mach buffet. In that situation, turbulence or the added load of aggressive maneuvering could put the airplane out of control. ADVERTISEMENT
Another reason a higher level of pilot training and experience has been demanded for jets is that they are certified to a higher standard of potential safety than propeller airplanes are. From takeoff to touchdown there is not a single failure, or even a series of aircraft or system failures, that is remotely possible that would prevent a jet from safely reaching a runway.

Moving Up to a Jet | Flying

The Beechcraft Premier IA, the CitationJet series, the Mustang and the Embraer Phenom 100 are just some of the jets eligible for single-pilot operation. And more are in development. So what's the big deal about jets? Why do the FAA, insurance companies and especially pilots view them as different creatures from propeller airplanes? Some of the mystique is left over from the early jet age when our understanding of aerodynamics, particularly at high altitudes and high airspeeds, was not complete. Early jets did have many characteristics, such as the so-called "coffin corner," that could trap the inexperienced pilot. The "coffin corner" is largely a thing of the past, but in early jets the wing design was such that, at a high altitude and high weight, the jet could be flying just a few knots above the low-speed stall buffet, and just a few knots below the high-speed Mach buffet. In that situation, turbulence or the added load of aggressive maneuvering could put the airplane out of control. ADVERTISEMENT
Another reason a higher level of pilot training and experience has been demanded for jets is that they are certified to a higher standard of potential safety than propeller airplanes are. From takeoff to touchdown there is not a single failure, or even a series of aircraft or system failures, that is remotely possible that would prevent a jet from safely reaching a runway.

U-2 High-Altitude Reconnaissance Aircraft, United States of America U-2 High-Altitude Reconnaissance Aircraft
U-2 High-Altitude Reconnaissance Aircraft
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U-2 spy plane design
U-2 aircraft pilot systems and cockpit
U-2 surveillance payloads and ASARS-2 radar
U-2 spy plane engines
NASA ER-2 scientific research aircraft
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 In April 2020, the US Air Force awarded a $50m contract to Lockheed Martin to advance the capabilities of the U-2 aircraft to meet the requirements of the future battlespace. The U-2 spy plane will be equipped with a modernised avionics suite, an upgraded cockpit, and an OMS standard-compliant mission computer. U-2 spy plane design
Removable outrigger gear located away from the fuselage centreline is used to lighten the weight of the airborne aircraft. The outrigger gear, or pogos, are attached with pins, which are removed when the aircraft is on the runway and preparing for take-off. The pogos drop onto the runway as the aircraft lifts and the ground maintenance crew retrieve them immediately after take-off. Unique to the U-2 aircraft is that the main wing planks are milled from large single billets of metal, rather than built up of riveted sheet metal, I-beams and U-channels. The wings are fitted with titanium skidplates so that when the aircraft lands and is brought to a halt, the wing can gently touch the ground. The ground crew then refit the pogos so the aircraft can taxi back to the hangar. Each wing has a single aileron surface on the trailing edge to control roll and two flaps to control lift and drag. U-2 aircraft pilot systems and cockpit
The reconnaissance aircraft is flown by a single pilot, supported by a ground crew led by a fellow pilot known as the mobile officer.

U-2 High-Altitude Reconnaissance Aircraft, United States of America

U-2 High-Altitude Reconnaissance Aircraft
U-2 High-Altitude Reconnaissance Aircraft
Upgrades
U-2 spy plane design
U-2 aircraft pilot systems and cockpit
U-2 surveillance payloads and ASARS-2 radar
U-2 spy plane engines
NASA ER-2 scientific research aircraft
Join Our Newsletter

In April 2020, the US Air Force awarded a $50m contract to Lockheed Martin to advance the capabilities of the U-2 aircraft to meet the requirements of the future battlespace. The U-2 spy plane will be equipped with a modernised avionics suite, an upgraded cockpit, and an OMS standard-compliant mission computer. U-2 spy plane design
Removable outrigger gear located away from the fuselage centreline is used to lighten the weight of the airborne aircraft. The outrigger gear, or pogos, are attached with pins, which are removed when the aircraft is on the runway and preparing for take-off. The pogos drop onto the runway as the aircraft lifts and the ground maintenance crew retrieve them immediately after take-off. Unique to the U-2 aircraft is that the main wing planks are milled from large single billets of metal, rather than built up of riveted sheet metal, I-beams and U-channels. The wings are fitted with titanium skidplates so that when the aircraft lands and is brought to a halt, the wing can gently touch the ground. The ground crew then refit the pogos so the aircraft can taxi back to the hangar. Each wing has a single aileron surface on the trailing edge to control roll and two flaps to control lift and drag. U-2 aircraft pilot systems and cockpit
The reconnaissance aircraft is flown by a single pilot, supported by a ground crew led by a fellow pilot known as the mobile officer.

Air Travel is Far Safer Than You Think: Here’s Why - ReadWrite Air Travel is Far Safer Than You Think: Here’s Why
Air Travel is Far Safer Than You Think: Here’s Why
Here’s What the Numbers Say
5 Reasons Airplanes are Incredibly Safe
1. Flight Critical Systems are Protected
2. Improvements in Air Traffic Control Technology
3. Better Crashworthiness
4. New Pilot Protocols
5. More Safety Audits
Only Getting Safer
Frank Landman
 Then there’s the “rule of two,” which was introduced after the tragedies on September 11, 2001. As the name suggests, the rule requires at least two people to always be present in the cockpit at any given time. If one of the two pilots must leave for a period of time, another crewmember – typically a flight attendant – must be summoned. Pilots also have increased freedom to call out other pilots for unsafe behaviors. If, for example, one pilot believes his co-pilot is under the influence of alcohol, he has the right to demand a breathalyzer. The rigor of pilot training has also been enhanced over the years. Today’s flight simulators are far more realistic and involved than the past. A pilot can learn how to fly a plane without ever leaving the ground. This ensures no passenger is ever subjected to an inexperienced pilot in the cockpit. 5.

Air Travel is Far Safer Than You Think: Here’s Why - ReadWrite

Air Travel is Far Safer Than You Think: Here’s Why
Air Travel is Far Safer Than You Think: Here’s Why
Here’s What the Numbers Say
5 Reasons Airplanes are Incredibly Safe
1. Flight Critical Systems are Protected
2. Improvements in Air Traffic Control Technology
3. Better Crashworthiness
4. New Pilot Protocols
5. More Safety Audits
Only Getting Safer
Frank Landman

Then there’s the “rule of two,” which was introduced after the tragedies on September 11, 2001. As the name suggests, the rule requires at least two people to always be present in the cockpit at any given time. If one of the two pilots must leave for a period of time, another crewmember – typically a flight attendant – must be summoned. Pilots also have increased freedom to call out other pilots for unsafe behaviors. If, for example, one pilot believes his co-pilot is under the influence of alcohol, he has the right to demand a breathalyzer. The rigor of pilot training has also been enhanced over the years. Today’s flight simulators are far more realistic and involved than the past. A pilot can learn how to fly a plane without ever leaving the ground. This ensures no passenger is ever subjected to an inexperienced pilot in the cockpit. 5.

Side-stick - Wikipedia Side-stick
Side-stick
See also
Accidents
References
External links
 Only one hand is required to operate it; two hand operation is neither possible nor necessary. The side-stick is used in many modern military fighter aircraft, such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon, Mitsubishi F-2, Dassault Rafale, and F-22 Raptor, and also on civil aircraft, such as the Sukhoi Superjet 100, Airbus A320 and all subsequent Airbus aircraft, including the largest passenger jet in service, the Airbus A380 . It is also used in very new helicopter models such as the Bell 525 . This arrangement contrasts with the more conventional design where the stick is located in the centre of the cockpit between the pilot's legs, called a " centre stick ". In the centre stick design, like traditional airplane yokes, both the pilot's and co-pilot's controls are mechanically connected together so each pilot has a sense of the control inputs of the other. In typical Airbus side-stick implementations, the sticks are independent, the so-called 'passive' side-stick. The plane's computer either aggregates multiple inputs or a pilot can press a "priority button" to lock out inputs from the other side-stick. However, if both side-sticks are moved in different directions (regardless of which pilot has priority), then both inputs are cancelled out and an aural "dual input" warning sounds. Examples of this occurring include the 2009 crash of Air France Flight 447 (an Airbus A330 flying from Rio de Janeiro to Paris ), the 2010 crash of Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771 an Airbus A330 from flying Johannesburg to Tripoli and the 2014 crash of Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 (an Airbus A320 flying from Surabaya to Singapore ).

Side-stick - Wikipedia

Side-stick
Side-stick
See also
Accidents
References
External links

Only one hand is required to operate it; two hand operation is neither possible nor necessary. The side-stick is used in many modern military fighter aircraft, such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon, Mitsubishi F-2, Dassault Rafale, and F-22 Raptor, and also on civil aircraft, such as the Sukhoi Superjet 100, Airbus A320 and all subsequent Airbus aircraft, including the largest passenger jet in service, the Airbus A380 . It is also used in very new helicopter models such as the Bell 525 . This arrangement contrasts with the more conventional design where the stick is located in the centre of the cockpit between the pilot's legs, called a " centre stick ". In the centre stick design, like traditional airplane yokes, both the pilot's and co-pilot's controls are mechanically connected together so each pilot has a sense of the control inputs of the other. In typical Airbus side-stick implementations, the sticks are independent, the so-called 'passive' side-stick. The plane's computer either aggregates multiple inputs or a pilot can press a "priority button" to lock out inputs from the other side-stick. However, if both side-sticks are moved in different directions (regardless of which pilot has priority), then both inputs are cancelled out and an aural "dual input" warning sounds. Examples of this occurring include the 2009 crash of Air France Flight 447 (an Airbus A330 flying from Rio de Janeiro to Paris ), the 2010 crash of Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771 an Airbus A330 from flying Johannesburg to Tripoli and the 2014 crash of Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 (an Airbus A320 flying from Surabaya to Singapore ).

J-10 (Jian 10) Vigorous Dragon Multirole Tactical Fighter - Airforce Technology J-10 (Jian 10) Vigorous Dragon Multirole Tactical Fighter
J-10 (Jian 10) Vigorous Dragon Multirole Tactical Fighter
Manufacturer
Operator
Maiden Flight
J-10 multirole fighter development
J-10 design
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Sensors on-board J-10 fighter aircraft
Cockpit
Engine
Landing gear
J-10 aircraft performance
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 The PL-12 missile was manufactured in China under a collaborative agreement with Russia. It uses the Russian AA-12 Adder missile technology configured with a Chinese-developed rocket motor to give a range of 50 miles and speed of Mach 4. The aircraft can be armed with laser-guided bombs, the anti-ship YJ-8K or C-801K solid rocket powered missiles, the C-802 land attack and anti-ship turbojet-powered missiles manufactured by CHETA, and the YJ-9 anti-radiation missile. A 23mm cannon is installed internally on the port side of the forward section of the fuselage above the nosewheel. Sensors on-board J-10 fighter aircraft
The aircraft can be fitted with a forward-looking infrared and laser target designator pod, which supports deployment of laser and satellite navigation guided weapons. Possible pulse Doppler radar fits include the Chinese Type 1473 radar, Russian Phazotron Zhuk-10PD or Zhemchug, the Chinese JL-10A, the Israeli IAI Elta EL/M-2023 or the Italian Galileo Avionica Grifo 2000. Cockpit
The single-seat fighter aircraft was developed in a two-seat variant as a trainer aircraft and as an electronic warfare aircraft with a zero-zero ejection seat in its cockpit. The first flight of the two-seat variant was completed in 2003. The aircraft has a digital fly-by-wire flight control system and HOTAS (hands-on throttle and stick) control on which the pilot has every control for combat incorporated into the two handholds. Cockpit displays include a helmet-mounted weapon sight, a wide field of view head-up display and one full-colour and two monochrome liquid crystal multifunction displays.

J-10 (Jian 10) Vigorous Dragon Multirole Tactical Fighter - Airforce Technology

J-10 (Jian 10) Vigorous Dragon Multirole Tactical Fighter
J-10 (Jian 10) Vigorous Dragon Multirole Tactical Fighter
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Operator
Maiden Flight
J-10 multirole fighter development
J-10 design
Weapons
Sensors on-board J-10 fighter aircraft
Cockpit
Engine
Landing gear
J-10 aircraft performance
Join Our Newsletter

The PL-12 missile was manufactured in China under a collaborative agreement with Russia. It uses the Russian AA-12 Adder missile technology configured with a Chinese-developed rocket motor to give a range of 50 miles and speed of Mach 4. The aircraft can be armed with laser-guided bombs, the anti-ship YJ-8K or C-801K solid rocket powered missiles, the C-802 land attack and anti-ship turbojet-powered missiles manufactured by CHETA, and the YJ-9 anti-radiation missile. A 23mm cannon is installed internally on the port side of the forward section of the fuselage above the nosewheel. Sensors on-board J-10 fighter aircraft
The aircraft can be fitted with a forward-looking infrared and laser target designator pod, which supports deployment of laser and satellite navigation guided weapons. Possible pulse Doppler radar fits include the Chinese Type 1473 radar, Russian Phazotron Zhuk-10PD or Zhemchug, the Chinese JL-10A, the Israeli IAI Elta EL/M-2023 or the Italian Galileo Avionica Grifo 2000. Cockpit
The single-seat fighter aircraft was developed in a two-seat variant as a trainer aircraft and as an electronic warfare aircraft with a zero-zero ejection seat in its cockpit. The first flight of the two-seat variant was completed in 2003. The aircraft has a digital fly-by-wire flight control system and HOTAS (hands-on throttle and stick) control on which the pilot has every control for combat incorporated into the two handholds. Cockpit displays include a helmet-mounted weapon sight, a wide field of view head-up display and one full-colour and two monochrome liquid crystal multifunction displays.

Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
UPDATE: February 4, 2015
ORIGINAL POST: January 30, 2015
For more about pilot training, lifestyle and culture, see chapter four in the new book.
 That nobody is getting the message is a testament either to my own lack of reach or to stubbornness on the part of journalists. Maybe it’s both. Either way, allow me to cut and paste: Dear Anderson, et al: There are always at least two pilots in a jetliner cockpit — a captain and first officer — and both of these individuals are fully qualified to operate the aircraft. The first officer is known colloquially as the copilot. But a copilot is not an apprentice. He or she shares flying duties with the captain more or less equally. The captain is officially in charge, and earns a larger paycheck to accompany that responsibility, but both individuals fly the aircraft. Copilots perform just as many takeoffs and landings as captains do, in pretty much all weather conditions, and both are part of the decision-making process.

Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots

Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
Attention Media: Copilots are Pilots
UPDATE: February 4, 2015
ORIGINAL POST: January 30, 2015
For more about pilot training, lifestyle and culture, see chapter four in the new book.

That nobody is getting the message is a testament either to my own lack of reach or to stubbornness on the part of journalists. Maybe it’s both. Either way, allow me to cut and paste: Dear Anderson, et al: There are always at least two pilots in a jetliner cockpit — a captain and first officer — and both of these individuals are fully qualified to operate the aircraft. The first officer is known colloquially as the copilot. But a copilot is not an apprentice. He or she shares flying duties with the captain more or less equally. The captain is officially in charge, and earns a larger paycheck to accompany that responsibility, but both individuals fly the aircraft. Copilots perform just as many takeoffs and landings as captains do, in pretty much all weather conditions, and both are part of the decision-making process.

Driving the Wing - How Stealth Bombers Work | HowStuffWorks How Stealth Bombers Work
How Stealth Bombers Work
Driving the Wing
Run your cursor over the text to locate the plane's major components.
The Crew and Support
 The computer adjusts this flap, called the gust load alleviation system (GLAS), to counteract air turbulence forces. The Crew and Support
The B-2 bomber needs only a two-person crew -- a pilot and a mission commander who sit in a cockpit at the front of the plane. By comparison, the B-52 bomber has a five-person crew, and the B-1B has a four-person crew. The original idea of the B-2 was that it wouldn't need any support aircraft. Because of its stealth capabilities, it should be able to penetrate enemy airspace without fire support, doing the work of dozens of planes. In practice, the B-2 usually flies with some fighter jet protection. The risk of losing such an expensive aircraft is too great to send it into battle solo. Read More
1 2 3 4 …
5
6

Cite This! Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Copy
Tom Harris     "How Stealth Bombers Work"     23 April 2002.

Driving the Wing - How Stealth Bombers Work | HowStuffWorks

How Stealth Bombers Work
How Stealth Bombers Work
Driving the Wing
Run your cursor over the text to locate the plane's major components.
The Crew and Support

The computer adjusts this flap, called the gust load alleviation system (GLAS), to counteract air turbulence forces. The Crew and Support
The B-2 bomber needs only a two-person crew -- a pilot and a mission commander who sit in a cockpit at the front of the plane. By comparison, the B-52 bomber has a five-person crew, and the B-1B has a four-person crew. The original idea of the B-2 was that it wouldn't need any support aircraft. Because of its stealth capabilities, it should be able to penetrate enemy airspace without fire support, doing the work of dozens of planes. In practice, the B-2 usually flies with some fighter jet protection. The risk of losing such an expensive aircraft is too great to send it into battle solo. Read More
1 2 3 4 …
5
6

Cite This! Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Copy
Tom Harris     "How Stealth Bombers Work"     23 April 2002.

How many pilots operate the Air Force One? - Quora How many pilots operate the Air Force One?
How many pilots operate the Air Force One?
What are the ranks of the pilots for Air Force One and Marine One? Is there a minimum qualification, such as O-5 (Lt. Colonel)?
Jon Mixon
Harold Arrivillaga
 Learn More
4 Answers
Ken Mason
, Escaped floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, & shoot outs
Updated 11 months ago · Author has 5.9K answers and 1.2M answer views
Four are qualified pilots. 2 pilots, 2 co-pilots, 2 navigators, 2 com sys, 2–3 flight engineers, 6 secret service guards, and depending on the number of passengers 4 air stewards or stewardesses. If you are there to assassinate the president then they throw you off the plane at 40,000 feet without a parachute. Happy landings 2 feet into the ground from that height. 4.1K views
·
View upvotes
Hachi Ko
, Pilot (ATP) & Air Traffic Controller (FAA Terminal ATC-12)
Answered 2 years ago · Author has 5.8K answers and 24.3M answer views
It takes two pilots and one flight engineer to operate the VC-25 (Boeing 747) that is normally used as Air Force One. There is also a navigator position on the flight deck. Extra pilots and other crew members that are not directly required for aircraft operation are almost always carried, as well. 2K views
·
View upvotes
Onno Bulk
Updated 2 years ago · Author has 93 answers and 17.6K answer views
It all depends. The designation “Air Force One” has nothing to do with the airplane, and everything to do with whether the president (currently an orange clown) is on board of an airforce airplane. In other words, any plane could be Air Force One, from the smallest hang glider or single engine putt-putt to the C-5M Super Galaxy.

How many pilots operate the Air Force One? - Quora

How many pilots operate the Air Force One?
How many pilots operate the Air Force One?
What are the ranks of the pilots for Air Force One and Marine One? Is there a minimum qualification, such as O-5 (Lt. Colonel)?
Jon Mixon
Harold Arrivillaga

Learn More
4 Answers
Ken Mason
, Escaped floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, & shoot outs
Updated 11 months ago · Author has 5.9K answers and 1.2M answer views
Four are qualified pilots. 2 pilots, 2 co-pilots, 2 navigators, 2 com sys, 2–3 flight engineers, 6 secret service guards, and depending on the number of passengers 4 air stewards or stewardesses. If you are there to assassinate the president then they throw you off the plane at 40,000 feet without a parachute. Happy landings 2 feet into the ground from that height. 4.1K views
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Hachi Ko
, Pilot (ATP) & Air Traffic Controller (FAA Terminal ATC-12)
Answered 2 years ago · Author has 5.8K answers and 24.3M answer views
It takes two pilots and one flight engineer to operate the VC-25 (Boeing 747) that is normally used as Air Force One. There is also a navigator position on the flight deck. Extra pilots and other crew members that are not directly required for aircraft operation are almost always carried, as well. 2K views
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Onno Bulk
Updated 2 years ago · Author has 93 answers and 17.6K answer views
It all depends. The designation “Air Force One” has nothing to do with the airplane, and everything to do with whether the president (currently an orange clown) is on board of an airforce airplane. In other words, any plane could be Air Force One, from the smallest hang glider or single engine putt-putt to the C-5M Super Galaxy.

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia Trainer aircraft
Trainer aircraft
Contents
Tandem and side by side
Phases
Ab initio
Basic training
Advanced training
Lead-in fighter training
Operational conversion
Multi-engine trainers
Navigation trainers
Aerobatic display teams
Combat use of trainers
The future
Historical
References
 3 Flying Training School, used to deliver elementary flying training training to Army Air Corps, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force pilots. A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft. Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor. Contents
1 Tandem and side by side
2 Phases
2.1 Ab initio
2.2 Basic training
2.3 Advanced training
2.4 Lead-in fighter training
2.5 Operational conversion
2.6 Multi-engine trainers
2.7 Navigation trainers
3 Aerobatic display teams
4 Combat use of trainers
5 The future
6 Historical
7 References
Tandem and side by side
Aermacchi SF.260 cockpit. The student pilot sits in the right-hand seat, where all primary flight instruments are. The two seating configurations for trainer aircraft are: pilot and instructor side by side, or in tandem, usually with the pilot in front and the instructor behind. The side-by-side seating configuration has the advantage that pilot and instructor can see each other's actions, allowing the pilot to learn from the instructor and the instructor to correct the student pilot. The tandem configuration has the advantage of being closer to the normal working environment that a fast jet pilot is likely to encounter.

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia

Trainer aircraft
Trainer aircraft
Contents
Tandem and side by side
Phases
Ab initio
Basic training
Advanced training
Lead-in fighter training
Operational conversion
Multi-engine trainers
Navigation trainers
Aerobatic display teams
Combat use of trainers
The future
Historical
References

3 Flying Training School, used to deliver elementary flying training training to Army Air Corps, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force pilots. A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft. Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor. Contents
1 Tandem and side by side
2 Phases
2.1 Ab initio
2.2 Basic training
2.3 Advanced training
2.4 Lead-in fighter training
2.5 Operational conversion
2.6 Multi-engine trainers
2.7 Navigation trainers
3 Aerobatic display teams
4 Combat use of trainers
5 The future
6 Historical
7 References
Tandem and side by side
Aermacchi SF.260 cockpit. The student pilot sits in the right-hand seat, where all primary flight instruments are. The two seating configurations for trainer aircraft are: pilot and instructor side by side, or in tandem, usually with the pilot in front and the instructor behind. The side-by-side seating configuration has the advantage that pilot and instructor can see each other's actions, allowing the pilot to learn from the instructor and the instructor to correct the student pilot. The tandem configuration has the advantage of being closer to the normal working environment that a fast jet pilot is likely to encounter.

The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets - Aero Corner The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets
The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets
Table of Contents
1. Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
The first American combat-ready fighter jet that came out victorious in the first all-jet battle in the world.
2. Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
The supersonic interceptor aircraft that set numerous world records in terms of speed and altitude.
3. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The witness of history and the evolution of time.
4. General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
The first fighter aircraft custom-built to pull nine times the force of gravity.
5. Dassault Mirage 2000
A single-engine fourth-generation fighter and a proven jet with modern capabilities.
6. Saab JAS 39 Gripen
An exceptional air defense platform for Sweden and its European customers.
7. Chengdu J-10
A jet fighter that represents a significant milestone for the industry of China.
8. HAL Tejas
A revolutionary fighter for India’s air defense preparation for the battlefield.
9. CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
The hallmark of the defense production of Pakistan and accounted as a successful light combat aircraft.
10. Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
The most lethal, survivable, and connected fighter jet ever built.
About the Author
 Throughout the Second World War, the majority of fighter planes were all-metal monoplanes geared with batteries of cannons and machine guns and few could reach 400 mph speeds. A large number of fighters up to this time had a single-engine, but several fighters were already fitted with twin-engines. In comparison to twin engines, single-engine fighters had lower weight and therefore had better thrust-to-weight ratio thus better maneuverability. For years, one of the key developmental requirements of the U.S. Navy was for fighter jets to have two engines. The main reason for this is redundancy in case of engine failure over the ocean. The F-35 has made an end to that long standing requirement for a variety of reasons. This is a list of the best single-engine fighter jets ordered according to its age. 1. Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
USAF US Air Force Lockheed P 80 Shooting Star
The first American combat-ready fighter jet that came out victorious in the first all-jet battle in the world. The P-80 Shooting Star is undeniably the most successful first-generation fighter jet in the world.

The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets - Aero Corner

The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets
The 10 Best Single-Engine Fighter Jets
Table of Contents
1. Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
The first American combat-ready fighter jet that came out victorious in the first all-jet battle in the world.
2. Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
The supersonic interceptor aircraft that set numerous world records in terms of speed and altitude.
3. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The witness of history and the evolution of time.
4. General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
The first fighter aircraft custom-built to pull nine times the force of gravity.
5. Dassault Mirage 2000
A single-engine fourth-generation fighter and a proven jet with modern capabilities.
6. Saab JAS 39 Gripen
An exceptional air defense platform for Sweden and its European customers.
7. Chengdu J-10
A jet fighter that represents a significant milestone for the industry of China.
8. HAL Tejas
A revolutionary fighter for India’s air defense preparation for the battlefield.
9. CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
The hallmark of the defense production of Pakistan and accounted as a successful light combat aircraft.
10. Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
The most lethal, survivable, and connected fighter jet ever built.
About the Author

Throughout the Second World War, the majority of fighter planes were all-metal monoplanes geared with batteries of cannons and machine guns and few could reach 400 mph speeds. A large number of fighters up to this time had a single-engine, but several fighters were already fitted with twin-engines. In comparison to twin engines, single-engine fighters had lower weight and therefore had better thrust-to-weight ratio thus better maneuverability. For years, one of the key developmental requirements of the U.S. Navy was for fighter jets to have two engines. The main reason for this is redundancy in case of engine failure over the ocean. The F-35 has made an end to that long standing requirement for a variety of reasons. This is a list of the best single-engine fighter jets ordered according to its age. 1. Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
USAF US Air Force Lockheed P 80 Shooting Star
The first American combat-ready fighter jet that came out victorious in the first all-jet battle in the world. The P-80 Shooting Star is undeniably the most successful first-generation fighter jet in the world.

F-16 Fighting Falcon | Military.com F-16 Fighting Falcon
F-16 Fighting Falcon
Design of the F-16 Fighting Falcon
Inside the F-16 Fighting Falcon
Background on the F-16 Fighting Falcon
Why was the F-16 Fighting Falcon built?
 The plane has UHF and VHF radios plus an instrument landing system. It also has a warning system and modular countermeasure pods to be used against airborne or surface electronic threats. The fuselage has space for additional avionics systems. Background on the F-16 Fighting Falcon
The F-16A, a single-seat model, first flew in December 1976. The first operational F-16A was delivered in January 1979 to the 388th Tactical Fighter Wing at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. The F-16B, a two-seat model, has tandem cockpits that are about the same size as the one in the A model. Its bubble canopy extends to cover the second cockpit. To make room for the second cockpit, the forward fuselage fuel tank and avionics growth space were reduced. During training, the forward cockpit is used by a student pilot with an instructor pilot in the rear cockpit. All F-16s delivered since November 1981 have built-in structural and wiring provisions and systems architecture that permit expansion of the multirole flexibility to perform precision strike, night attack and beyond-visual-range interception missions.

F-16 Fighting Falcon | Military.com

F-16 Fighting Falcon
F-16 Fighting Falcon
Design of the F-16 Fighting Falcon
Inside the F-16 Fighting Falcon
Background on the F-16 Fighting Falcon
Why was the F-16 Fighting Falcon built?

The plane has UHF and VHF radios plus an instrument landing system. It also has a warning system and modular countermeasure pods to be used against airborne or surface electronic threats. The fuselage has space for additional avionics systems. Background on the F-16 Fighting Falcon
The F-16A, a single-seat model, first flew in December 1976. The first operational F-16A was delivered in January 1979 to the 388th Tactical Fighter Wing at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. The F-16B, a two-seat model, has tandem cockpits that are about the same size as the one in the A model. Its bubble canopy extends to cover the second cockpit. To make room for the second cockpit, the forward fuselage fuel tank and avionics growth space were reduced. During training, the forward cockpit is used by a student pilot with an instructor pilot in the rear cockpit. All F-16s delivered since November 1981 have built-in structural and wiring provisions and systems architecture that permit expansion of the multirole flexibility to perform precision strike, night attack and beyond-visual-range interception missions.

Air Force New Fighter Jet: Secret Plane Will Have AI Copilot The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
History, Made
✈ Our Favorite Hobby RC Planes
RC Plane 3 Channel
The Air Force's New Fighter: Everything We Know So Far
🎥 Now Watch This:
 By Kyle Mizokami
Dec 23, 2020
U.S. Air Force
Air Force pilots in the not-so-distant future could fly and fight together like Luke Skywalker and R2-D2. One of the Air Force’s top officials is confident the service’s secret new fighter jet will have an artificial intelligence copilot. The AI could take over key tasks, flying and fighting the plane, to prevent the human pilot from being overwhelmed. The U.S. Air Force's secret new fighter jet, which it designed, built, and tested in just one year, will feature some kind of artificial intelligence copilot—a trusted computer algorithm that human pilots can rely on to assume critical tasks in the air. You love badass planes. So do we. Let's nerd out over them together. Join us. That's according to Will Roper, the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, who in September shocked the world when he revealed the surprise existence of the service's new, mysterious Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter. The Air Force has been incredibly tight-lipped about the sixth-generation fighter, only confirming it exists, and it’s flying ... somewhere.

Air Force New Fighter Jet: Secret Plane Will Have AI Copilot

The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
The Air Force’s Secret New Fighter Jet Will Come With an R2-D2
History, Made
✈ Our Favorite Hobby RC Planes
RC Plane 3 Channel
The Air Force's New Fighter: Everything We Know So Far
🎥 Now Watch This:

By Kyle Mizokami
Dec 23, 2020
U.S. Air Force
Air Force pilots in the not-so-distant future could fly and fight together like Luke Skywalker and R2-D2. One of the Air Force’s top officials is confident the service’s secret new fighter jet will have an artificial intelligence copilot. The AI could take over key tasks, flying and fighting the plane, to prevent the human pilot from being overwhelmed. The U.S. Air Force's secret new fighter jet, which it designed, built, and tested in just one year, will feature some kind of artificial intelligence copilot—a trusted computer algorithm that human pilots can rely on to assume critical tasks in the air. You love badass planes. So do we. Let's nerd out over them together. Join us. That's according to Will Roper, the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, who in September shocked the world when he revealed the surprise existence of the service's new, mysterious Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter. The Air Force has been incredibly tight-lipped about the sixth-generation fighter, only confirming it exists, and it’s flying ... somewhere.

F-16C Fighting Falcon > Shaw Air Force Base > Display F-16C Fighting Falcon
F-16C Fighting Falcon The fuselage has space for additional avionics systems. Background
The F-16A, a single-seat model, first flew in December 1976. The first operational unit was delivered in January 1979 to the 388th Tactical Fighter Wing at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. The F-16B and D, two-seat versions, have tandem cockpits that are about the same size as the one in the A model. The bubble canopy is lengthened to cover the second cockpit. To make room for the second cockpit, the forward fuselage fuel tank and avionics growth space were reduced. During training, the forward cockpit is used by a student pilot with an instructor pilot in the rear cockpit. All F-16s delivered since November 1981 have built-in structural and wiring provisions and systems architecture that permit expansion of the multirole flexibility to perform precision strike, night attack and beyond-visual-range interception missions. This improvement program led to the F-16C and D aircraft, which are the single- and two-place replacements to the F-16A/B, and have the latest cockpit control and display technology. At this writing no active, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units still operate the F-16A/B.
The F-16 was built under an unusual agreement creating a consortium between the United States and four NATO countries:

F-16C Fighting Falcon > Shaw Air Force Base > Display

F-16C Fighting Falcon
F-16C Fighting Falcon

The fuselage has space for additional avionics systems. Background
The F-16A, a single-seat model, first flew in December 1976. The first operational unit was delivered in January 1979 to the 388th Tactical Fighter Wing at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. The F-16B and D, two-seat versions, have tandem cockpits that are about the same size as the one in the A model. The bubble canopy is lengthened to cover the second cockpit. To make room for the second cockpit, the forward fuselage fuel tank and avionics growth space were reduced. During training, the forward cockpit is used by a student pilot with an instructor pilot in the rear cockpit. All F-16s delivered since November 1981 have built-in structural and wiring provisions and systems architecture that permit expansion of the multirole flexibility to perform precision strike, night attack and beyond-visual-range interception missions. This improvement program led to the F-16C and D aircraft, which are the single- and two-place replacements to the F-16A/B, and have the latest cockpit control and display technology. At this writing no active, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units still operate the F-16A/B.
The F-16 was built under an unusual agreement creating a consortium between the United States and four NATO countries:

Who Pilots Air Force One & How To Become a Presidential Pilot Who Pilots Air Force One & How To Become a Presidential Pilot
Who Pilots Air Force One & How To Become a Presidential Pilot
Table of Contents
The 89th Airlift Wing
How Do You Become A Presidential Pilot
Air Force One Pilot Salary
Do the pilots have to be US citizens?
Air Force One Pilot Uniform
Air Force One Pilot Mark Tillman
How did Tillman become the Presidential Pilot?
Evasive manoeuvres
About the Author
 Evasive manoeuvres
TLDR – Air Force One is piloted by two US Air Force pilots, known as the Presidential and Deputy Presidential Pilots. Although there is always a third pilot onboard, in case a crew member should become incapacitated. These crew members are from 89th Airlift Wing of the USAF Air Mobility Command, which is the military’s largest executive flight department. They have been serving in this capacity since 1966, when it inherited the role from the 1254th Air Transport Wing. There are several pilots usually allocated the roles of Presidential and Deputy Presidential pilot, who are rotated throughout the year to allow for leave and emergencies. Due to national security reasons, their names are closely guarded secrets whilst they are serving. The 89th Airlift Wing
The two iconic Boeing 747-200Bs are not the only jets operated by the 89th Airlift Wing. Their fleet also includes 15 business jets used to transport members of congress and other VIPs. The unit is exceptionally busy, carrying out over 6,500 missions and logging nearly 12,000 flight hours each year. The Air Wing consists of over 1,100 personnel, of which there are 80 pilots and 89 flight attendants.

Who Pilots Air Force One & How To Become a Presidential Pilot

Who Pilots Air Force One & How To Become a Presidential Pilot
Who Pilots Air Force One & How To Become a Presidential Pilot
Table of Contents
The 89th Airlift Wing
How Do You Become A Presidential Pilot
Air Force One Pilot Salary
Do the pilots have to be US citizens?
Air Force One Pilot Uniform
Air Force One Pilot Mark Tillman
How did Tillman become the Presidential Pilot?
Evasive manoeuvres
About the Author

Evasive manoeuvres
TLDR – Air Force One is piloted by two US Air Force pilots, known as the Presidential and Deputy Presidential Pilots. Although there is always a third pilot onboard, in case a crew member should become incapacitated. These crew members are from 89th Airlift Wing of the USAF Air Mobility Command, which is the military’s largest executive flight department. They have been serving in this capacity since 1966, when it inherited the role from the 1254th Air Transport Wing. There are several pilots usually allocated the roles of Presidential and Deputy Presidential pilot, who are rotated throughout the year to allow for leave and emergencies. Due to national security reasons, their names are closely guarded secrets whilst they are serving. The 89th Airlift Wing
The two iconic Boeing 747-200Bs are not the only jets operated by the 89th Airlift Wing. Their fleet also includes 15 business jets used to transport members of congress and other VIPs. The unit is exceptionally busy, carrying out over 6,500 missions and logging nearly 12,000 flight hours each year. The Air Wing consists of over 1,100 personnel, of which there are 80 pilots and 89 flight attendants.

F-15 Eagle Variants F-15 Eagle
F-15 Eagle
Variants
 Even though space is sacrificed to accomodate the second crew member, the F-15B/D retains the same warfighting capability as the F-15A/C. In keeping with the trainer concept, however, the rear seat is not equipped with controls for the combat avionics and weaponry. In fact, the rear seat is not a mandatory crew position, and F-15B/Ds are often flown with empty rear cockpits. The F-15 E Strike Eagle was built to fulfill the role of the Dual Role Fighter (DRF)—having the ability to perform precision strike missions on its own and air-to-air interdiction. On 11 December 1986, the first F-15E (two-seat) flew its maiden flight. It is very similar to the F-15D except the aircraft is optimized for air-to-ground missions. Modifications included a stronger airframe, usage of conformal tanks, employment of a weapon’s systems officer (WSO), and, most importantly, upgraded avionics. Upgrades to the avionics included an improved radar for air-to-ground targeting; a two pod system for high speed, all-weather low level flight and targeting called Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN); and enhanced cockpit instrumentation. The 225 F-15Es purchased by the Air Force were assigned to Eglin AFB;

F-15 Eagle Variants

Even though space is sacrificed to accomodate the second crew member, the F-15B/D retains the same warfighting capability as the F-15A/C. In keeping with the trainer concept, however, the rear seat is not equipped with controls for the combat avionics and weaponry. In fact, the rear seat is not a mandatory crew position, and F-15B/Ds are often flown with empty rear cockpits. The F-15 E Strike Eagle was built to fulfill the role of the Dual Role Fighter (DRF)—having the ability to perform precision strike missions on its own and air-to-air interdiction. On 11 December 1986, the first F-15E (two-seat) flew its maiden flight. It is very similar to the F-15D except the aircraft is optimized for air-to-ground missions. Modifications included a stronger airframe, usage of conformal tanks, employment of a weapon’s systems officer (WSO), and, most importantly, upgraded avionics. Upgrades to the avionics included an improved radar for air-to-ground targeting; a two pod system for high speed, all-weather low level flight and targeting called Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN); and enhanced cockpit instrumentation. The 225 F-15Es purchased by the Air Force were assigned to Eglin AFB;

tandem : definition of tandem and synonyms of tandem (English)
definitions - tandem
report a problem
Merriam Webster
2. A tandem bicycle or other vehicle.
definition (more)
synonyms - tandem
report a problem
phrases
analogical dictionary
Wikipedia - see also
Wikipedia
Tandem
Contents
Automobiles
Aviation
Side-by-side seating
See also
References
External links
 the folding top replaces the bubble in this version. Aviation
Instructor and student pilots in a T-45 Goshawk aircraft
The two seating configurations for trainer, night / all-weather interceptor or attack aircraft are pilot and instructor side by side or in tandem. Usually the pilot is in front and the instructor behind. In attack helicopters, sometimes the pilot sits in back with the weapons operator in front for better view to aim weapons, as the AH-1 Cobra was a tandem cockpit redesign which produced a much slimmer profile than the much wider UH-1 Huey on which it was based. Attack aircraft and all-weather interceptors often use a second crew member to operate avionics such as radar, or as a second pilot. Bombers such as the B-58 Hustler seated 3 crew members in tandem. A common engineering adaptation is to lengthen the cockpit or fuselage to create a trainer with tandem seating from a single seater aircraft. Side-by-side seating
Tandem seat Gloster Meteor and side-by-side seat Hawker Hunter (trainer)
An alternative configuration is side-by-side seating which is common in large aircraft but less so in high performance jets. The B-47 and XB-52 bombers used fighter-style tandem seating but the final B-52 bomber series used a conventional side-by-side cockpit. The Grumman A-6 Intruder, General Dynamics F-111 or the Sukhoi Su-24 are examples of combat aircraft which use this configuration.

tandem : definition of tandem and synonyms of tandem (English)

definitions - tandem
report a problem
Merriam Webster
2. A tandem bicycle or other vehicle.
definition (more)
synonyms - tandem
report a problem
phrases
analogical dictionary
Wikipedia - see also
Wikipedia
Tandem
Contents
Automobiles
Aviation
Side-by-side seating
See also
References
External links

the folding top replaces the bubble in this version. Aviation
Instructor and student pilots in a T-45 Goshawk aircraft
The two seating configurations for trainer, night / all-weather interceptor or attack aircraft are pilot and instructor side by side or in tandem. Usually the pilot is in front and the instructor behind. In attack helicopters, sometimes the pilot sits in back with the weapons operator in front for better view to aim weapons, as the AH-1 Cobra was a tandem cockpit redesign which produced a much slimmer profile than the much wider UH-1 Huey on which it was based. Attack aircraft and all-weather interceptors often use a second crew member to operate avionics such as radar, or as a second pilot. Bombers such as the B-58 Hustler seated 3 crew members in tandem. A common engineering adaptation is to lengthen the cockpit or fuselage to create a trainer with tandem seating from a single seater aircraft. Side-by-side seating
Tandem seat Gloster Meteor and side-by-side seat Hawker Hunter (trainer)
An alternative configuration is side-by-side seating which is common in large aircraft but less so in high performance jets. The B-47 and XB-52 bombers used fighter-style tandem seating but the final B-52 bomber series used a conventional side-by-side cockpit. The Grumman A-6 Intruder, General Dynamics F-111 or the Sukhoi Su-24 are examples of combat aircraft which use this configuration.

Navy Deathmatch: F-14 Tomcat vs. F/A-18 Super Hornet (Who Wins)? | The National Interest Navy Deathmatch: F-14 Tomcat vs. F/A-18 Super Hornet (Who Wins)?
Navy Deathmatch: F-14 Tomcat vs. F/A-18 Super Hornet (Who Wins)?
The F-14 Tomcat
The Rhino
 Capability of precision-guided munitions: JDAM (all variants), JSOW and JASSM]
Gone are the days of the RIOs. ( If you watch the trailer, the plane at the very end is a Tomcat, present thanks to CGI magic.) The radar system is improved enough that the pilot can fly the plane and use the radar at the same time, no Goose needed. Super Hornets come in two variants: a single-seater and a two-seater, meaning that unlike a Tomcat, which engineers designed around a two-person crew, a pilot can fly an F/A-18 all by themselves. The two-seaters, technically known as the F/A-18F, can host a “weapons systems officer” in the backseat (abbreviation: WSO, pronounced “whizz-oh”). Alternatively, that backseat can be outfitted with all the controls a pilot would need to fly the Super Hornet. As told by Popular Science, this is presumably a huge perk for filming.

Navy Deathmatch: F-14 Tomcat vs. F/A-18 Super Hornet (Who Wins)? | The National Interest

Navy Deathmatch: F-14 Tomcat vs. F/A-18 Super Hornet (Who Wins)?
Navy Deathmatch: F-14 Tomcat vs. F/A-18 Super Hornet (Who Wins)?
The F-14 Tomcat
The Rhino

Capability of precision-guided munitions: JDAM (all variants), JSOW and JASSM]
Gone are the days of the RIOs. ( If you watch the trailer, the plane at the very end is a Tomcat, present thanks to CGI magic.) The radar system is improved enough that the pilot can fly the plane and use the radar at the same time, no Goose needed. Super Hornets come in two variants: a single-seater and a two-seater, meaning that unlike a Tomcat, which engineers designed around a two-person crew, a pilot can fly an F/A-18 all by themselves. The two-seaters, technically known as the F/A-18F, can host a “weapons systems officer” in the backseat (abbreviation: WSO, pronounced “whizz-oh”). Alternatively, that backseat can be outfitted with all the controls a pilot would need to fly the Super Hornet. As told by Popular Science, this is presumably a huge perk for filming.

Military Technology: What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat? - Quora Military Technology:
What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat?

Military Technology: What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat? My group (The 53rd Weapons Evaluation Group) was responsible for supporting evaluation tests for various Air Force weapons and weapons systems, and I was able to interact with various U.S. Air Force and foreign fighter pilots on a regular basis. As an aviator myself, I maintained much interest in the capabilities of the new jet. I had the opportunity on a few occasions to ask the pilots, most of whom were current U.S. Air Force F-15 and F-16 pilots, what they thought of the F-22, which had only been operational for a few years at that time. These guys had the opportunity to either fly the F-22, or fly against it in mock battles, and they would go into deep discussion regarding its capabilities, which often seemed a bit like a sales pitch to me. However, when I asked the question “How would you fight an F-22,” their tone and approach to the question changed. I remember vividly how one pilot answered the question. He paused, as if deep in thought, and said: “ One on one, it's really hard to fight one, and if you don't have a visual on them, you're dead before you're even aware you're in a fight” (a ‘visual’ is when you can actually see your adversary). Mock battles between four or five F-15s and a single F-22 were often completely one-sided - in favor of the F-22. Tests have shown too that swapping pilots between the F-22s and the F-15s had little or no effect on the F-22's battle dominance.

Military Technology:
What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat?

Military Technology: What is the best fighter jet for air-to-air combat?

My group (The 53rd Weapons Evaluation Group) was responsible for supporting evaluation tests for various Air Force weapons and weapons systems, and I was able to interact with various U.S. Air Force and foreign fighter pilots on a regular basis. As an aviator myself, I maintained much interest in the capabilities of the new jet. I had the opportunity on a few occasions to ask the pilots, most of whom were current U.S. Air Force F-15 and F-16 pilots, what they thought of the F-22, which had only been operational for a few years at that time. These guys had the opportunity to either fly the F-22, or fly against it in mock battles, and they would go into deep discussion regarding its capabilities, which often seemed a bit like a sales pitch to me. However, when I asked the question “How would you fight an F-22,” their tone and approach to the question changed. I remember vividly how one pilot answered the question. He paused, as if deep in thought, and said: “ One on one, it's really hard to fight one, and if you don't have a visual on them, you're dead before you're even aware you're in a fight” (a ‘visual’ is when you can actually see your adversary). Mock battles between four or five F-15s and a single F-22 were often completely one-sided - in favor of the F-22. Tests have shown too that swapping pilots between the F-22s and the F-15s had little or no effect on the F-22's battle dominance.

Air warfare | Britannica Air warfare
Air warfare
Through World War I
Through World War II
Air superiority
 An alert defending fighter pilot, however, might use his attacker’s speed to his own advantage by executing a maneuver called a rudder reversal, in which he would turn and do a snap roll, suddenly reducing his forward motion so that the speeding attacker would overshoot and find the intended victim on his tail. Tight maneuvers such as the rudder reversal were most effective when attempted with such agile fighters as the British Spitfire and the Japanese “ Zero .” Fighters such as the Bf-109 and the U.S. P-47 Thunderbolt, which were noted for their speed, best escaped by diving hard and pulling back up when the attacker had been shaken. A diving maneuver called the split-S, half-roll, or Abschwung was frequently executed against bombers. Heavily armed fighters such as the British Hurricane or the German Fw-190, instead of approaching from the side or from below and to the rear, would attack head-on, firing until the last moment and then rolling just under the big planes and breaking hard toward the ground. The object was to break up the bomber formations so that individual ships could be set upon and destroyed. Defensive fighter squadrons were directed by radar control stations on the ground to the vicinity of the bombers, at which point the pilots would rely once more upon the naked eye. This was adequate for day fighting, when enemy bombers could be seen miles away, but at night the pilots had to get within a few hundred yards before spotting a bomber’s silhouette against the sky or against the conflagration on the ground. For this reason, night fighting was ineffective until radar was installed in the planes themselves. This beginning of the age of electronic warfare required a novel teamwork between pilot and navigator, and it was best carried out in two-seat aircraft such as the British Beaufighter and Mosquito and the German Ju-88 and Bf-110.

Air warfare | Britannica

Air warfare
Air warfare
Through World War I
Through World War II
Air superiority

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia Trainer aircraft
Trainer aircraft
Contents
Tandem and side by side
Phases
Ab initio
Basic training
Advanced training
Lead-in fighter training
Operational conversion
Multi-engine trainers
Navigation trainers
Aerobatic display teams
Combat use of trainers
The future
Historical
References
 Once they are qualified to fly a specific type of aircraft, pilots will continue with regular training exercises to maintain qualifications on that aircraft and to improve their skills, for example the USAF's Red Flag exercises. Deployments of small flights of aircraft together with support staff and equipment to exercises conducted by other nations can be used to develop fighting skills and interservice and inter unit competitions in bombing and gunnery between units can also be used to develop those skills. The two-seat aircraft may itself become the basis of an operational aircraft, the second seat being used to create a weapons officer or navigators station in aircraft with originally only a pilot, for example the F-15E Strike Eagle is a development of the F-15D which is a two-seat training version of the F-15 Eagle . In some air forces that have a mix of high- and low-performance aircraft, pilots can be first be assigned to aircraft with a lower level of performance before moving on to the most demanding aircraft. For example, in the Italian Air Force a pilot may begin his service career on the AMX attack aircraft, and as their experience grows, progress to more capable aircraft such as the Tornado IDS. Other air forces, such as Canada, do not do this, and assign first-tour pilots to aircraft such as the CF-18 Hornet . Multi-engine trainers
US Navy T-44A Pegasus trainer, used for multi-engined pilot training
Those pi

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia

Once they are qualified to fly a specific type of aircraft, pilots will continue with regular training exercises to maintain qualifications on that aircraft and to improve their skills, for example the USAF's Red Flag exercises. Deployments of small flights of aircraft together with support staff and equipment to exercises conducted by other nations can be used to develop fighting skills and interservice and inter unit competitions in bombing and gunnery between units can also be used to develop those skills. The two-seat aircraft may itself become the basis of an operational aircraft, the second seat being used to create a weapons officer or navigators station in aircraft with originally only a pilot, for example the F-15E Strike Eagle is a development of the F-15D which is a two-seat training version of the F-15 Eagle . In some air forces that have a mix of high- and low-performance aircraft, pilots can be first be assigned to aircraft with a lower level of performance before moving on to the most demanding aircraft. For example, in the Italian Air Force a pilot may begin his service career on the AMX attack aircraft, and as their experience grows, progress to more capable aircraft such as the Tornado IDS. Other air forces, such as Canada, do not do this, and assign first-tour pilots to aircraft such as the CF-18 Hornet . Multi-engine trainers
US Navy T-44A Pegasus trainer, used for multi-engined pilot training
Those pi

RAF Bomber Command aircrew of World War II - Wikipedia RAF Bomber Command aircrew of World War II
RAF Bomber Command aircrew of World War II
Contents
Training
Initial flight training
Operational training and conversion
Early years
Trades
Operational aircraft and their crews
Later years
New trades and additional aircrew
Operational aircraft and their crews
Late-war new crew additions
Service ranks
Nationalities of airmen
Aircrew ages
Aircrew leadership
Typical operational sortie
Air test
Briefings
Suiting up and moving out to dispersal
Take off
Enemy coast ahead
Deception tactics
Target area
Homeward flight
Landing and debriefing
Operational tour
Pathfinder Force tour
Multiple tours of operations
Attitude to losses
Casualties
Prisoners, evaders and escapers
Awards and campaign medals
Gallantry awards
Campaign medals
Aircrew and superstition
Lack of moral fibre
References
Bibliography
External links
 During this time each crew would be joined by a flight engineer, and an additional air gunner to man the mid-upper gun turret although sometimes the gunners would agree to exchange turrets. Early years
At the outbreak of war in September 1939 operational Royal Air Force bomber squadrons in Europe were equipped with two main categories of bombers, single-engined Fairey Battle and twin-engined Bristol Blenheim light bombers and Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, Vickers Wellington and Handley Page Hampden medium bombers. Royal Air Force pilot flying badge - after 1952
Trades
Bomber Command aircrew "trades" flying operationally in the early stages of the war were: Observer flying badge
Pilot – A qualified pilot flew the aircraft and in the Royal Air Force was usually the captain (function not rank) of the crew, making the key operational decisions even if his rank was junior to other members of the crew. The pilot was often a commissioned officer but he could hold any rank from Sergeant up to Group Captain. Officers of higher rank did occasionally fly operationally but were discouraged from doing so due to concerns of them being taken prisoner. Captains were often informally referred to by their crews as Skipper or Skip. A pilot wore the traditional double-winged flying badge "pilot's wings" on his tunic above his left breast pocket. Second pilot – A fully qualified, usually less experienced pilot who assisted the captain, who might assist the Observer and was usually a sergeant or commissioned officer. A second pilot wore the traditional double-winged flying badge pilot's “wings” on his tunic above his left breast pocket.

RAF Bomber Command aircrew of World War II - Wikipedia

RAF Bomber Command aircrew of World War II
RAF Bomber Command aircrew of World War II
Contents
Training
Initial flight training
Operational training and conversion
Early years
Trades
Operational aircraft and their crews
Later years
New trades and additional aircrew
Operational aircraft and their crews
Late-war new crew additions
Service ranks
Nationalities of airmen
Aircrew ages
Aircrew leadership
Typical operational sortie
Air test
Briefings
Suiting up and moving out to dispersal
Take off
Enemy coast ahead
Deception tactics
Target area
Homeward flight
Landing and debriefing
Operational tour
Pathfinder Force tour
Multiple tours of operations
Attitude to losses
Casualties
Prisoners, evaders and escapers
Awards and campaign medals
Gallantry awards
Campaign medals
Aircrew and superstition
Lack of moral fibre
References
Bibliography
External links

During this time each crew would be joined by a flight engineer, and an additional air gunner to man the mid-upper gun turret although sometimes the gunners would agree to exchange turrets. Early years
At the outbreak of war in September 1939 operational Royal Air Force bomber squadrons in Europe were equipped with two main categories of bombers, single-engined Fairey Battle and twin-engined Bristol Blenheim light bombers and Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, Vickers Wellington and Handley Page Hampden medium bombers. Royal Air Force pilot flying badge - after 1952
Trades
Bomber Command aircrew "trades" flying operationally in the early stages of the war were: Observer flying badge
Pilot – A qualified pilot flew the aircraft and in the Royal Air Force was usually the captain (function not rank) of the crew, making the key operational decisions even if his rank was junior to other members of the crew. The pilot was often a commissioned officer but he could hold any rank from Sergeant up to Group Captain. Officers of higher rank did occasionally fly operationally but were discouraged from doing so due to concerns of them being taken prisoner. Captains were often informally referred to by their crews as Skipper or Skip. A pilot wore the traditional double-winged flying badge "pilot's wings" on his tunic above his left breast pocket. Second pilot – A fully qualified, usually less experienced pilot who assisted the captain, who might assist the Observer and was usually a sergeant or commissioned officer. A second pilot wore the traditional double-winged flying badge pilot's “wings” on his tunic above his left breast pocket.

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout? F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?
F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?
TNI Staff
The U.S. Air Force’s original plan was for the F-22 to be its high-end air superiority fighter while the F-35 was designed to be primarily an air-to-ground strike aircraft, but one which could defend itself.
Key point: The answer is that the F-35 cannot match the F-22 as an air superiority fighter—it was never designed as such.
Story continues
 The shortage forced the Air Force to innovate. The service’s operational testers and Weapons School instructors—as well as frontline fighter pilots—devised ways so the F-22 could work together with conventional fourth generation fighters like F-15 so that the two types of jets could work together as an effective team. The combination of the F-22 with fourth generation jets made all the aircraft flying more effective by allowing all of the aircraft involved to best use their strengths. The F-22 brings stealth, situational awareness and sheer performance to the fight while the F-15C brings a massive load out of missiles combined with a incredibly powerful radar. But with the F-15C likely being retired in the coming years, the F-35 will have to step up. The Air Force expects that the F-35, with its stealth and sensors, will be able to fill the gaps between flights of F-22s during a large-scale engagement. The F-35 does not have the sheer speed and altitude of the Raptor, but it does have excellent sensors and stealth, which does afford its decent capability against non-stealthy aircraft. The Air Force is planning on installing Link-16 onto its Raptor fleet to enable machine-to-machine communications between the F-22 and F-35, though the original plan had been to use the JSF Multifunction Advanced Datalink. Ultimately, the Air Force does need a new air superiority fighter—particularly for the Pacific theater. The service is currently studying a new extremely long-range Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA) fighter that would replace the F-22 and F-15C as America’s primary air superiority aircraft.

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?
F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in a Shootout?
TNI Staff
The U.S. Air Force’s original plan was for the F-22 to be its high-end air superiority fighter while the F-35 was designed to be primarily an air-to-ground strike aircraft, but one which could defend itself.
Key point: The answer is that the F-35 cannot match the F-22 as an air superiority fighter—it was never designed as such.
Story continues

The shortage forced the Air Force to innovate. The service’s operational testers and Weapons School instructors—as well as frontline fighter pilots—devised ways so the F-22 could work together with conventional fourth generation fighters like F-15 so that the two types of jets could work together as an effective team. The combination of the F-22 with fourth generation jets made all the aircraft flying more effective by allowing all of the aircraft involved to best use their strengths. The F-22 brings stealth, situational awareness and sheer performance to the fight while the F-15C brings a massive load out of missiles combined with a incredibly powerful radar. But with the F-15C likely being retired in the coming years, the F-35 will have to step up. The Air Force expects that the F-35, with its stealth and sensors, will be able to fill the gaps between flights of F-22s during a large-scale engagement. The F-35 does not have the sheer speed and altitude of the Raptor, but it does have excellent sensors and stealth, which does afford its decent capability against non-stealthy aircraft. The Air Force is planning on installing Link-16 onto its Raptor fleet to enable machine-to-machine communications between the F-22 and F-35, though the original plan had been to use the JSF Multifunction Advanced Datalink. Ultimately, the Air Force does need a new air superiority fighter—particularly for the Pacific theater. The service is currently studying a new extremely long-range Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA) fighter that would replace the F-22 and F-15C as America’s primary air superiority aircraft.

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout? | The National Interest F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout?
F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout? The shortage forced the Air Force to innovate. The service’s operational testers and Weapons School instructors—as well as frontline fighter pilots—devised ways so the F-22 could work together with conventional fourth generation fighters like F-15 so that the two types of jets could work together as an effective team. The combination of the F-22 with fourth generation jets made all the aircraft flying more effective by allowing all of the aircraft involved to best use their strengths. The F-22 brings stealth, situational awareness and sheer performance to the fight while the F-15C brings a massive load out of missiles combined with a incredibly powerful radar. But with the F-15C likely being retired in the coming years, the F-35 will have to step up. The Air Force expects that the F-35, with its stealth and sensors, will be able to fill the gaps between flights of F-22s during a large-scale engagement. The F-35 does not have the sheer speed and altitude of the Raptor, but it does have excellent sensors and stealth, which does afford its decent capability against non-stealthy aircraft. The Air Force is planning on installing Link-16 onto its Raptor fleet to enable machine-to-machine communications between the F-22 and F-35, though the original plan had been to use the JSF Multifunction Advanced Datalink. Ultimately, the Air Force does need a new air superiority fighter—particularly for the Pacific theater. The service is currently studying a new extremely long-range Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA) fighter that would replace the F-22 and F-15C as America’s primary air superiority aircraft.

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout? | The National Interest

F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout?
F-22 vs. F-35: Which Stealth Fighter Wins in an Epic Shootout?

Weapon systems officer - Wikipedia Weapon systems officer
Weapon systems officer
Contents
Gallery
United Kingdom
United States
Overview
U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps
U.S. Air Force
Training
Primary
Intermediate
Advanced
Graduate training
See also
References
 wizzo " as a common nickname) is an air flight officer directly involved in all air operations and weapon systems of a military aircraft. Historically, aircrew duties in military aircraft were highly specialised and rigid, because the relevant controls, instruments/displays, and/or weapons were concentrated in front of particular seats, panels or positions. That included two-seat variants of fighter or attack/strike aircraft (including late 20th century types such as the F-4 Phantom II, A-6 Intruder, F-111, Panavia Tornado, Su-24 Fencer and Su-30MK Flanker-C, Dassault Mirage 2000N/2000D ). From the 1970s onward an aircraft with two-member crews, such as the F-15E Strike Eagle, F/A-18F Super Hornet or Su-34 Fullback and Dassault Rafale B have often featured programmable multi-function displays. These programs allow roles to be more flexible than previous generation aircraft. Multiple crew members can be responsible for detecting, targeting and engaging air-to-air or ground targets, communications, datalinks and/or defensive systems. Roles can be customized based on experience, expertise, workload, tactics, and weapons being employed. Pilots usually retain the responsibility for flying the aircraft in tactical situations. However, the crews of dedicated bomber aircraft usually retain distinct, rigidly-defined and conventional roles. Contents
1 Gallery
2 United Kingdom
3 United States
3.1 Overview
3.1.1 U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps
3.1.2 U.S. Air Force
3.2 Training
3.2.1 Primary
3.2.2 Intermediate
3.2.3 Advanced
3.2.4 Graduate training
4 See also
5 References
Gallery
(F-15E Pilot & WSO)
(B-1B Lancer WSO)
(F-18 Pilot & WSO)
(F-4 with tandem pilot & WSO canopies open)
(SU-34 pilot & WSO positions in simulator)
United Kingdom
In the Royal Air Force, a WSO is a commissioned officer that operates aircraft mission systems formerly on the Tornado GR4, however now on the Reaper, Sentinel R1, Rivet Joint, E3 Sentry and the P-8 Poseidon.

Weapon systems officer - Wikipedia

Weapon systems officer
Weapon systems officer
Contents
Gallery
United Kingdom
United States
Overview
U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps
U.S. Air Force
Training
Primary
Intermediate
Advanced
Graduate training
See also
References

Ask the Captain: Whatever happened to the DC-10? Ask the Captain: Whatever happened to the DC-10?
Ask the Captain: Whatever happened to the DC-10?
Question: Why do you think the early wide-body jets like the DC-10 and L-1011 did not become major factors in airline fleets?
— Submitted by reader Bob Hahn, Cocoa Beach, Fla.
Q: I think the smoothest, most enjoyable to plane to fly on was the L-1011.
-- received via email
Q: Do they still have the DC-10?
-- Bob Allison, no location given
Q: The old American Airlines DC-10s used to show live video of the runway during takeoff and landing.
-- John, Fort Mill, S.C.
Q: Do the freight companies that still fly 747s and DC-10/MD-11s still have flight engineers or has that position been computerized?
-- Henry, Phoenix
Q: Regarding your recent column on flying speeds, if I recall correctly, my airline cruised the DC-9s at Mach .78, the 727s at .80, the DC-10s at .85 and the 747s at .86. The 737s, I believe, were at .76.
-- Randy Sohn – KMSP
 Why do you think the early wide-body jets like the DC-10 and L-1011 did not become major factors in airline fleets? — Submitted by reader Bob Hahn, Cocoa Beach, Fla.
Answer: Cost and demand are the two most likely answers. Many airlines did not have the passenger traffic to justify the expense, special equipment and higher operating cost. As engine manufacturers created high thrust engines, the need for three engines decreased. Modern twin-jets require two pilots; the DC-10 and L-1011 required three, making the crew cost higher. The 'boneyard': Where airlines send old planes to be scrapped
Q: I think the smoothest, most enjoyable to plane to fly on was the L-1011.

Ask the Captain: Whatever happened to the DC-10?

Ask the Captain: Whatever happened to the DC-10?
Ask the Captain: Whatever happened to the DC-10?
Question: Why do you think the early wide-body jets like the DC-10 and L-1011 did not become major factors in airline fleets?
— Submitted by reader Bob Hahn, Cocoa Beach, Fla.
Q: I think the smoothest, most enjoyable to plane to fly on was the L-1011.
-- received via email
Q: Do they still have the DC-10?
-- Bob Allison, no location given
Q: The old American Airlines DC-10s used to show live video of the runway during takeoff and landing.
-- John, Fort Mill, S.C.
Q: Do the freight companies that still fly 747s and DC-10/MD-11s still have flight engineers or has that position been computerized?
-- Henry, Phoenix
Q: Regarding your recent column on flying speeds, if I recall correctly, my airline cruised the DC-9s at Mach .78, the 727s at .80, the DC-10s at .85 and the 747s at .86. The 737s, I believe, were at .76.
-- Randy Sohn – KMSP

Why do you think the early wide-body jets like the DC-10 and L-1011 did not become major factors in airline fleets? — Submitted by reader Bob Hahn, Cocoa Beach, Fla.
Answer: Cost and demand are the two most likely answers. Many airlines did not have the passenger traffic to justify the expense, special equipment and higher operating cost. As engine manufacturers created high thrust engines, the need for three engines decreased. Modern twin-jets require two pilots; the DC-10 and L-1011 required three, making the crew cost higher. The 'boneyard': Where airlines send old planes to be scrapped
Q: I think the smoothest, most enjoyable to plane to fly on was the L-1011.

pilots - When does a flight require a copilot? - Aviation Stack Exchange
When does a flight require a copilot?
3 Answers
3
EU OPS (965) Subpart N
Ops 1.940 Composition of flight crew
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 Is this regulated by laws or can the pilot / airline company decide it on their own? pilots regulations
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A flight requires pilot & copilot when the aircraft being flown requires it. A multi-crew aeroplane is one that requires a flight crew of at least two pilots. One of them is the pilot-in-command (the captain) and the other is the co-pilot (or first officer). All jet air transport aeroplanes and the vast majority of turbine powered air transport aircraft and business jet are multi-crew aeroplanes. The definition in Annex 1 — Personnel Licensing states that it is: " an aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot as specified in the flight manual or by the air operator certificate." So the secondary answer is no, it cannot be decided by a pilot or an operator, it is a statutory requirement. Share
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edited Sep 11 '15 at 11:46
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There is no regulation to cover minimum crew when flying privately, other than as required by the airplane manual. For commercial flights it gets a bit more complicated and the answer is, well, "it depends".

pilots - When does a flight require a copilot? - Aviation Stack Exchange

When does a flight require a copilot?
3 Answers
3
EU OPS (965) Subpart N
Ops 1.940 Composition of flight crew
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged pilots regulations or ask your own question.

Is this regulated by laws or can the pilot / airline company decide it on their own? pilots regulations
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A flight requires pilot & copilot when the aircraft being flown requires it. A multi-crew aeroplane is one that requires a flight crew of at least two pilots. One of them is the pilot-in-command (the captain) and the other is the co-pilot (or first officer). All jet air transport aeroplanes and the vast majority of turbine powered air transport aircraft and business jet are multi-crew aeroplanes. The definition in Annex 1 — Personnel Licensing states that it is: " an aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot as specified in the flight manual or by the air operator certificate." So the secondary answer is no, it cannot be decided by a pilot or an operator, it is a statutory requirement. Share
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edited Sep 11 '15 at 11:46
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answered Sep 11 '15 at 8:31
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There is no regulation to cover minimum crew when flying privately, other than as required by the airplane manual. For commercial flights it gets a bit more complicated and the answer is, well, "it depends".

Moving Up to a Jet | Flying Moving Up to a Jet
Moving Up to a Jet Early jets did have many characteristics, such as the so-called "coffin corner," that could trap the inexperienced pilot. The "coffin corner" is largely a thing of the past, but in early jets the wing design was such that, at a high altitude and high weight, the jet could be flying just a few knots above the low-speed stall buffet, and just a few knots below the high-speed Mach buffet. In that situation, turbulence or the added load of aggressive maneuvering could put the airplane out of control. ADVERTISEMENT
Another reason a higher level of pilot training and experience has been demanded for jets is that they are certified to a higher standard of potential safety than propeller airplanes are. From takeoff to touchdown there is not a single failure, or even a series of aircraft or system failures, that is remotely possible that would prevent a jet from safely reaching a runway. But to make use of these redundant capabilities, the jet pilot has to perform to a high level and react correctly to each system failure or potential emergency. If the pilot isn't up to the task, the greater potential safety of the jet is squandered. It is for this reason that the FAA requires the pilot of any jet to have a type rating in that airplane. A type rating, as the term implies, means that a pilot is rated to fly that specific type of jet. That differs from the requirement for propeller pilots to have a category rating, such as single-engine land, or multiengine land and so on.

Moving Up to a Jet | Flying

Early jets did have many characteristics, such as the so-called "coffin corner," that could trap the inexperienced pilot. The "coffin corner" is largely a thing of the past, but in early jets the wing design was such that, at a high altitude and high weight, the jet could be flying just a few knots above the low-speed stall buffet, and just a few knots below the high-speed Mach buffet. In that situation, turbulence or the added load of aggressive maneuvering could put the airplane out of control. ADVERTISEMENT
Another reason a higher level of pilot training and experience has been demanded for jets is that they are certified to a higher standard of potential safety than propeller airplanes are. From takeoff to touchdown there is not a single failure, or even a series of aircraft or system failures, that is remotely possible that would prevent a jet from safely reaching a runway. But to make use of these redundant capabilities, the jet pilot has to perform to a high level and react correctly to each system failure or potential emergency. If the pilot isn't up to the task, the greater potential safety of the jet is squandered. It is for this reason that the FAA requires the pilot of any jet to have a type rating in that airplane. A type rating, as the term implies, means that a pilot is rated to fly that specific type of jet. That differs from the requirement for propeller pilots to have a category rating, such as single-engine land, or multiengine land and so on.

Moving Up to a Jet | Flying Moving Up to a Jet
Moving Up to a Jet The power response from a jet engine is not normally linear. In other words, as the engine compressor and turbine start to spin faster and faster, the thrust is multiplying. So, if it takes four seconds for an engine to reach full power, more of that power will be produced in the last second or so than in the first three. ADVERTISEMENT

Single-Pilot Jets? Many light jets are single-pilot eligible. In other words, the airplane can be flown single-pilot, but it is the pilot's qualifications, not the airplane, that make that happen. When a manufacturer requests single-pilot approval for a jet, the FAA has a committee of inspectors fly the airplane. If the FAA pilots determine that all essential controls, switches, breakers and so on are within clear view and reach of a single pilot, and also find the workload acceptable, they will approve the request. A manufacturer can design for single-pilot operation, and seek guidance from the FAA during development, but won't know for sure if it will be granted until the airplane is complete. If the airplane is eligible for single-pilot operation, the pilot must be trained and checked to fly it by himself.

Moving Up to a Jet | Flying

The power response from a jet engine is not normally linear. In other words, as the engine compressor and turbine start to spin faster and faster, the thrust is multiplying. So, if it takes four seconds for an engine to reach full power, more of that power will be produced in the last second or so than in the first three. ADVERTISEMENT

Single-Pilot Jets? Many light jets are single-pilot eligible. In other words, the airplane can be flown single-pilot, but it is the pilot's qualifications, not the airplane, that make that happen. When a manufacturer requests single-pilot approval for a jet, the FAA has a committee of inspectors fly the airplane. If the FAA pilots determine that all essential controls, switches, breakers and so on are within clear view and reach of a single pilot, and also find the workload acceptable, they will approve the request. A manufacturer can design for single-pilot operation, and seek guidance from the FAA during development, but won't know for sure if it will be granted until the airplane is complete. If the airplane is eligible for single-pilot operation, the pilot must be trained and checked to fly it by himself.

JDAM "bomb"? Serious page 2/8 - Forums - Battlelog  / Battlefield 4 JDAM "bomb"? Seriously?
Thread is locked.
JDAM "bomb"? Seriously?
Thread is locked.
 Are you scared of the Call of Duty noobs crying about how OP a jet is? Why dont you just give us a 25 kill streak NUKE to get over the hump of converting BF into COD, hm? Heres what you should have done, which is what all the BF fans have been screaming at you about since BF2... 2 Seat Attack Aircraft... What?! Yes just like in BF FN 2... Pilot flies and controls main gun and missiles. Co-Pilot controls Free Fall bombs and Guided munitions. Why is that so hard to bring back? That would solve the problem of the awkward TV Guided Missile and make it so you dont get your ass kicked while you are just flying straight, usually towards the ground, while you are launching Lasar Guided and TV missles. ( what the deal with the TV guided making your jet power down? Thats just stupid, especially when half the time the damn thing goes through your target, through the ground and then as you fly around waiting for your fuel to run out and explode... your plain slowly drifts to the ground while the AA units blast your ass. Then once you finally get back in your cockpit, you have to power up yoru jet again and hope you dont smash the FN ground or have a jet/heli lighting you up cause you are basically Fed at that point with no maneuverability.

JDAM "bomb"? Serious page 2/8 - Forums - Battlelog  / Battlefield 4

JDAM "bomb"? Seriously?
Thread is locked.
JDAM "bomb"? Seriously?
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Are you scared of the Call of Duty noobs crying about how OP a jet is? Why dont you just give us a 25 kill streak NUKE to get over the hump of converting BF into COD, hm? Heres what you should have done, which is what all the BF fans have been screaming at you about since BF2... 2 Seat Attack Aircraft... What?! Yes just like in BF FN 2... Pilot flies and controls main gun and missiles. Co-Pilot controls Free Fall bombs and Guided munitions. Why is that so hard to bring back? That would solve the problem of the awkward TV Guided Missile and make it so you dont get your ass kicked while you are just flying straight, usually towards the ground, while you are launching Lasar Guided and TV missles. ( what the deal with the TV guided making your jet power down? Thats just stupid, especially when half the time the damn thing goes through your target, through the ground and then as you fly around waiting for your fuel to run out and explode... your plain slowly drifts to the ground while the AA units blast your ass. Then once you finally get back in your cockpit, you have to power up yoru jet again and hope you dont smash the FN ground or have a jet/heli lighting you up cause you are basically Fed at that point with no maneuverability.

Air Force Authorizes Two-Piece Flight Suits on Duty | Military.com Air Force Authorizes Two-Piece Flight Suits on Duty
Air Force Authorizes Two-Piece Flight Suits on Duty Last week, Military.com spoke with Maj. Saily Rodriguez, the female fitment program manage officer for the human systems program office within the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, about upgrading current fighter pilot and aircrew flight suits, which are typically a one-piece garment for men and women. Air Force Experimenting with Two-Piece Flight Suits for Pilots, Aircrew
The Air Force Is on a Mission to Fix its Uniforms
Air Force Collecting Feedback to Design Better-Fitting Flight Suits
Advantages of a two-piece suit include greater ease in using the bathroom and improved overall comfort, Rodriguez said. Along with meeting safety regulations, a two-piece flight suit, to be comprised of a standard top and bottom, would have to accommodate the needs of all aircrew members, she said. The Air Force on Tuesday said the traditional, one-piece flight duty uniform (FDU) will continue to be an option for aircrew. A two-piece uniform has already been in use in the Air Force for those flying cargo airlift or helicopters. The service in 2017 said that airmen flying these aircraft -- anything aside from a fighter and without an ejection seat -- had begun wearing the Army Aircrew Combat Uniform, known as the Airman Aircrew Combat Uniform in the Air Force, or the A2CU. The uniform looks very much like the Air Force's Operational Camouflage Pattern, or OCP. Commanders across the force had begun giving some airmen the option to wear the A2CU as a duty uniform during training or while deployed. Giving airmen the option to wear the 2PFDU "aligns with the traditional FDU, elevating the significance of squadron focus and identity, which supports [Chief of Staff of the Air Force Gen David Goldfein's] intent to revitalize squadrons," Lt.

Air Force Authorizes Two-Piece Flight Suits on Duty | Military.com

Air Force Authorizes Two-Piece Flight Suits on Duty
Air Force Authorizes Two-Piece Flight Suits on Duty

Single Pilot Jets | Flying Single Pilot Jets
Single Pilot Jets For example, the landing gear handle needs to be easily reachable from the left seat, which is not always the case in jets. The design of the basic controls is also crucial. For example, it would be almost impossible to get single-pilot approval for a jet with tiller steering for the nosewheel because at crucial times during takeoff or landing the left seat pilot needs one hand for the tiller and the other for the throttles, with nothing left for the flight controls. All other controls, switches and essential items must also be located so a single pilot can easily see and reach them. And the autopilot must be fully and seamlessly integrated into the airplane and its navigation systems, and the complete autopilot system must be functional for every flight with only one pilot. ADVERTISEMENT
After the FAA determines that a pilot can physically manage the cockpit from the left seat, actual flight testing determines if the airplane will be approved for single-pilot flight. What typically happens is that FAA certification pilots fly the new type from the left seat through various maneuvers, but most importantly, the pilots fly typical flights to determine the workload. The FAA pilots fly the airplane into busy airspace on standard IFR clearances with no special ATC handling and with no help from a copilot. And the FAA pilots do not have a great deal of time in the airplane because it is, of course, new, so they are taking a fresh look at the tasks a pilot must perform. Airspeeds are, of course, important because a jet that can fly slower in the terminal area gives the single pilot more time to manage the cockpit.

Single Pilot Jets | Flying

For example, the landing gear handle needs to be easily reachable from the left seat, which is not always the case in jets. The design of the basic controls is also crucial. For example, it would be almost impossible to get single-pilot approval for a jet with tiller steering for the nosewheel because at crucial times during takeoff or landing the left seat pilot needs one hand for the tiller and the other for the throttles, with nothing left for the flight controls. All other controls, switches and essential items must also be located so a single pilot can easily see and reach them. And the autopilot must be fully and seamlessly integrated into the airplane and its navigation systems, and the complete autopilot system must be functional for every flight with only one pilot. ADVERTISEMENT
After the FAA determines that a pilot can physically manage the cockpit from the left seat, actual flight testing determines if the airplane will be approved for single-pilot flight. What typically happens is that FAA certification pilots fly the new type from the left seat through various maneuvers, but most importantly, the pilots fly typical flights to determine the workload. The FAA pilots fly the airplane into busy airspace on standard IFR clearances with no special ATC handling and with no help from a copilot. And the FAA pilots do not have a great deal of time in the airplane because it is, of course, new, so they are taking a fresh look at the tasks a pilot must perform. Airspeeds are, of course, important because a jet that can fly slower in the terminal area gives the single pilot more time to manage the cockpit.

Air Force New Fighter Jet: When Will We See the Secret Plane? We Could See the Air Force's Secret New Fighter Jet Very Soon
We Could See the Air Force's Secret New Fighter Jet Very Soon
Everything We Know So Far
What Kind of Fighter Is the Secret New Fighter Jet?
Two Types of Fighters
Who Built the Air Force's Secret New Fighter Jet?
Straight from the Cockpit
Our Favorite Hobby RC Planes
When Will We See the Secret New Fighter Jet?
 air superiority fighters and multi-role fighters. Air superiority fighters are “pure” fighters, meant only to fight other planes. One shining example is the original F-15A Eagle, whose designers were so opposed to a ground-attack role for the plane that their motto was, “Not a pound for air-to-ground.” Two Types of Fighters
Why the F-15 Is Such a Badass Plane
Why the F/A-18 Hornet Is Such a Badass Plane
The other, recently more popular type of fighter is the multi-role fighter, like the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet or the F-15EX Advanced Eagle, which are capable of performing both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions, often in the same sortie. U.S. Air Force F-35A.
NurPhotoGetty Images
Multi-role fighter jets grew more popular than air superiority fighters after the end of the Cold War, when declining defense budgets worldwide meant it made more sense to buy a single plane capable of performing multiple roles than a fighter that could only do one thing well. The Air Force already has two multi-role fighters: the F-35A and F-15EX. The introduction of China’s Chengdu J-20 and Russia's Sukhoi Su-57 “Felon” fifth-generation fighters is a strong argument in favor of a new air superiority fighter. This content is imported from {embed-name}. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.

Air Force New Fighter Jet: When Will We See the Secret Plane?

We Could See the Air Force's Secret New Fighter Jet Very Soon
We Could See the Air Force's Secret New Fighter Jet Very Soon
Everything We Know So Far
What Kind of Fighter Is the Secret New Fighter Jet?
Two Types of Fighters
Who Built the Air Force's Secret New Fighter Jet?
Straight from the Cockpit
Our Favorite Hobby RC Planes
When Will We See the Secret New Fighter Jet?

air superiority fighters and multi-role fighters. Air superiority fighters are “pure” fighters, meant only to fight other planes. One shining example is the original F-15A Eagle, whose designers were so opposed to a ground-attack role for the plane that their motto was, “Not a pound for air-to-ground.” Two Types of Fighters
Why the F-15 Is Such a Badass Plane
Why the F/A-18 Hornet Is Such a Badass Plane
The other, recently more popular type of fighter is the multi-role fighter, like the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet or the F-15EX Advanced Eagle, which are capable of performing both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions, often in the same sortie. U.S. Air Force F-35A.
NurPhotoGetty Images
Multi-role fighter jets grew more popular than air superiority fighters after the end of the Cold War, when declining defense budgets worldwide meant it made more sense to buy a single plane capable of performing multiple roles than a fighter that could only do one thing well. The Air Force already has two multi-role fighters: the F-35A and F-15EX. The introduction of China’s Chengdu J-20 and Russia's Sukhoi Su-57 “Felon” fifth-generation fighters is a strong argument in favor of a new air superiority fighter. This content is imported from {embed-name}. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.

Tandem - Wikipedia Tandem
Tandem
Contents
Automobiles
Trucks
Aviation
Side-by-side seating
References
External links
 The Grumman A-6 Intruder, General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark, Sukhoi Su-24 or the Sukhoi Su-34 are examples of combat aircraft that use this configuration. For training aircraft, it has the advantage that pilot and instructor can see each other's actions, allowing the pilot to learn from the instructor and the instructor to correct the student pilot. The tandem configuration has the advantage of being closer to the normal working environment that a fast jet pilot is likely to encounter. In some cases, such as the Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler, a two-place aircraft can be lengthened into a four-place aircraft. Also, a single seat cockpit can be redesigned into a side-by-side arrangement in the case of the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, TF-102 trainer or the Hawker Hunter training versions. References
^ a b "Tandem". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. ( Subscription or participating institution membership required.) ^ "Tandem".

Tandem - Wikipedia

Tandem
Tandem
Contents
Automobiles
Trucks
Aviation
Side-by-side seating
References
External links

The Grumman A-6 Intruder, General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark, Sukhoi Su-24 or the Sukhoi Su-34 are examples of combat aircraft that use this configuration. For training aircraft, it has the advantage that pilot and instructor can see each other's actions, allowing the pilot to learn from the instructor and the instructor to correct the student pilot. The tandem configuration has the advantage of being closer to the normal working environment that a fast jet pilot is likely to encounter. In some cases, such as the Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler, a two-place aircraft can be lengthened into a four-place aircraft. Also, a single seat cockpit can be redesigned into a side-by-side arrangement in the case of the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, TF-102 trainer or the Hawker Hunter training versions. References
^ a b "Tandem". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. ( Subscription or participating institution membership required.) ^ "Tandem".

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia Trainer aircraft
Trainer aircraft
Contents
Tandem and side by side
Phases
Ab initio
Basic training
Advanced training
Lead-in fighter training
Operational conversion
Multi-engine trainers
Navigation trainers
Aerobatic display teams
Combat use of trainers
The future
Historical
References
 Effective combat aircraft are a function now of electronics as much as, if not more so than, the aerobatic ability or speed of an aircraft. It is at this stage that a pilot begins to learn to operate radar systems and electronics. Modern advanced trainers feature programmable multi-function displays which can be programmed to simulate different electronic systems and scenarios. Most advanced trainers do not have radar systems of their own, but onboard systems can be programmed to simulate radar contacts. With datalinks and GPS, virtual radar systems can be created with similarly equipped aircraft relaying to each other their positions in real time and onboard computers creating a radar display based on this information. The aim of programmable displays is to speed pilot training by replicating as far as possible the systems a pilot will find in an operational aircraft. Lead-in fighter training
Lead-in fighter training (LIFT) utilises advanced jet trainer aircraft with avionics and stores-management capability that emulate operational fighter planes, to provide efficient training in combat scenarios with reduced training costs compared to moving straight to operational conversion. The on-board avionics system may be linked to ground-based systems, and together they can simulate situations such as infrared or radar guided missile, interceptors, air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles, anti-aircraft batteries, radars, chaff and flare countermeasures and collision warnings, in low or dense electronic warfare environments. Systems may also be able to re-enact true-to-life combat situations. Operational conversion
Douglas TA-4F, a two-seat combat-capable training version of the single seat A-4 Skyhawk.

Trainer aircraft - Wikipedia

Trainer aircraft
Trainer aircraft
Contents
Tandem and side by side
Phases
Ab initio
Basic training
Advanced training
Lead-in fighter training
Operational conversion
Multi-engine trainers
Navigation trainers
Aerobatic display teams
Combat use of trainers
The future
Historical
References

Effective combat aircraft are a function now of electronics as much as, if not more so than, the aerobatic ability or speed of an aircraft. It is at this stage that a pilot begins to learn to operate radar systems and electronics. Modern advanced trainers feature programmable multi-function displays which can be programmed to simulate different electronic systems and scenarios. Most advanced trainers do not have radar systems of their own, but onboard systems can be programmed to simulate radar contacts. With datalinks and GPS, virtual radar systems can be created with similarly equipped aircraft relaying to each other their positions in real time and onboard computers creating a radar display based on this information. The aim of programmable displays is to speed pilot training by replicating as far as possible the systems a pilot will find in an operational aircraft. Lead-in fighter training
Lead-in fighter training (LIFT) utilises advanced jet trainer aircraft with avionics and stores-management capability that emulate operational fighter planes, to provide efficient training in combat scenarios with reduced training costs compared to moving straight to operational conversion. The on-board avionics system may be linked to ground-based systems, and together they can simulate situations such as infrared or radar guided missile, interceptors, air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles, anti-aircraft batteries, radars, chaff and flare countermeasures and collision warnings, in low or dense electronic warfare environments. Systems may also be able to re-enact true-to-life combat situations. Operational conversion
Douglas TA-4F, a two-seat combat-capable training version of the single seat A-4 Skyhawk.