Question: what vaccination should u give show piglets

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices? Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?
 A major problem with pigs in 4-H and FFA projects is that no vaccines are used, or they are improperly used. While vaccines do not exist for all swine diseases, there are ones that are effective against some very important disease-causing organisms that are prevalent in many swine herds. In these cases, vaccinations are recommended because the organisms might kill the pig or make it unfit for exhibition. Whether you raise pigs from a litter or buy them, you should routinely vaccinate against erysipelas and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP). Erysipelas is caused by the bacterium Eysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which can result in sudden death, skin disease and lameness. APP comes from the bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes pneumonia, sudden death and chronic illness with poor weight gain. An example of a combination erysipelas-APP bacterin (inactivated bacterial vaccine) is Pneu-PacER® (Schering Plough). The first dose is administered for pigs as early as 4 weeks of age that are raised on your farm. Pigs are usually purchased when they are at least 8 weeks old or weigh at least 40 pounds; you will need to vaccinate them the first week they arrive.

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices?

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?

A major problem with pigs in 4-H and FFA projects is that no vaccines are used, or they are improperly used. While vaccines do not exist for all swine diseases, there are ones that are effective against some very important disease-causing organisms that are prevalent in many swine herds. In these cases, vaccinations are recommended because the organisms might kill the pig or make it unfit for exhibition. Whether you raise pigs from a litter or buy them, you should routinely vaccinate against erysipelas and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP). Erysipelas is caused by the bacterium Eysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which can result in sudden death, skin disease and lameness. APP comes from the bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes pneumonia, sudden death and chronic illness with poor weight gain. An example of a combination erysipelas-APP bacterin (inactivated bacterial vaccine) is Pneu-PacER® (Schering Plough). The first dose is administered for pigs as early as 4 weeks of age that are raised on your farm. Pigs are usually purchased when they are at least 8 weeks old or weigh at least 40 pounds; you will need to vaccinate them the first week they arrive.

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices? Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?
 The ideal health maintenance situation is when a show pig is farrowed and raised on one farm. Even so, it can still carry disease-causing organisms in its mouth, nose, tonsils, respiratory tract and other areas. These organisms may become active later, particularly after being stressed by such activity as hauling. Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
There are many vaccines fully approved and readily available to help with the prevention of domestic swine diseases. The best way for you to deal with this is to follow a basic or minimal vaccination program that is practical and simple. A major problem with pigs in 4-H and FFA projects is that no vaccines are used, or they are improperly used. While vaccines do not exist for all swine diseases, there are ones that are effective against some very important disease-causing organisms that are prevalent in many swine herds. In these cases, vaccinations are recommended because the organisms might kill the pig or make it unfit for exhibition. Whether you raise pigs from a litter or buy them, you should routinely vaccinate against erysipelas and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP). Erysipelas is caused by the bacterium Eysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which can result in sudden death, skin disease and lameness.

The ideal health maintenance situation is when a show pig is farrowed and raised on one farm. Even so, it can still carry disease-causing organisms in its mouth, nose, tonsils, respiratory tract and other areas. These organisms may become active later, particularly after being stressed by such activity as hauling. Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
There are many vaccines fully approved and readily available to help with the prevention of domestic swine diseases. The best way for you to deal with this is to follow a basic or minimal vaccination program that is practical and simple. A major problem with pigs in 4-H and FFA projects is that no vaccines are used, or they are improperly used. While vaccines do not exist for all swine diseases, there are ones that are effective against some very important disease-causing organisms that are prevalent in many swine herds. In these cases, vaccinations are recommended because the organisms might kill the pig or make it unfit for exhibition. Whether you raise pigs from a litter or buy them, you should routinely vaccinate against erysipelas and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP). Erysipelas is caused by the bacterium Eysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which can result in sudden death, skin disease and lameness.

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices? Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?
 APP comes from the bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes pneumonia, sudden death and chronic illness with poor weight gain. An example of a combination erysipelas-APP bacterin (inactivated bacterial vaccine) is Pneu-PacER® (Schering Plough). The first dose is administered for pigs as early as 4 weeks of age that are raised on your farm. Pigs are usually purchased when they are at least 8 weeks old or weigh at least 40 pounds; you will need to vaccinate them the first week they arrive. In both cases, the second dose is given 3 to 4 weeks later. Approximately 2 weeks after the second erysipelas-APP bacterin is administered, healthy pigs develop an immunity that lasts until about 6 months of age. Sometimes these diseases still occur after vaccination; however, vaccination should make them less severe. Another extremely important disease is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).

APP comes from the bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes pneumonia, sudden death and chronic illness with poor weight gain. An example of a combination erysipelas-APP bacterin (inactivated bacterial vaccine) is Pneu-PacER® (Schering Plough). The first dose is administered for pigs as early as 4 weeks of age that are raised on your farm. Pigs are usually purchased when they are at least 8 weeks old or weigh at least 40 pounds; you will need to vaccinate them the first week they arrive. In both cases, the second dose is given 3 to 4 weeks later. Approximately 2 weeks after the second erysipelas-APP bacterin is administered, healthy pigs develop an immunity that lasts until about 6 months of age. Sometimes these diseases still occur after vaccination; however, vaccination should make them less severe. Another extremely important disease is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices? Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?
 Obviously, if you choose a gilt for the exhibition, you can avoid many of the potential problems of barrows
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Even if you use the best management techniques to minimize the exposure of your show pig to disease, the pig’s dam (or sow) can still pass disease-causing bacteria and viruses to each pig in its litter. The piglets can encounter these organisms while they are moving through the birth canal, when they nurse, and while they simply share the same space with the sow before weaning. Harmful bacteria, for example, may be found in the sow’s body secretions. Before and after weaning are also times that pigs can become infected with roundworms, whipworms, mange or lice. Another way they can be exposed to disease-causing organisms is when several litters from the same farm are mixed in the nursery. The ideal health maintenance situation is when a show pig is farrowed and raised on one farm. Even so, it can still carry disease-causing organisms in its mouth, nose, tonsils, respiratory tract and other areas. These organisms may become active later, particularly after being stressed by such activity as hauling. Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
There are many vaccines fully approved and readily available to help with the prevention of domestic swine diseases. The best way for you to deal with this is to follow a basic or minimal vaccination program that is practical and simple.

Obviously, if you choose a gilt for the exhibition, you can avoid many of the potential problems of barrows
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Even if you use the best management techniques to minimize the exposure of your show pig to disease, the pig’s dam (or sow) can still pass disease-causing bacteria and viruses to each pig in its litter. The piglets can encounter these organisms while they are moving through the birth canal, when they nurse, and while they simply share the same space with the sow before weaning. Harmful bacteria, for example, may be found in the sow’s body secretions. Before and after weaning are also times that pigs can become infected with roundworms, whipworms, mange or lice. Another way they can be exposed to disease-causing organisms is when several litters from the same farm are mixed in the nursery. The ideal health maintenance situation is when a show pig is farrowed and raised on one farm. Even so, it can still carry disease-causing organisms in its mouth, nose, tonsils, respiratory tract and other areas. These organisms may become active later, particularly after being stressed by such activity as hauling. Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
There are many vaccines fully approved and readily available to help with the prevention of domestic swine diseases. The best way for you to deal with this is to follow a basic or minimal vaccination program that is practical and simple.

Do Guinea Pigs Need Shots: (Can It Prevent Rabies)? Do Guinea Pigs Need Shots: (What Diseases Can You Prevent)?
Do Guinea Pigs Need Shots: (What Diseases Can You Prevent)?
What about essential vaccination?
Do guinea pigs carry any diseases?
Do guinea pigs need checkups?
Do guinea pigs need rabies shots?
Summary
 This is important because it gives your piglets a chance to develop immunity and avoid diseases that they may be susceptible to. And the vaccination routine will continue until the piglets are about 6 months old, after which it will depend on what is in their diets and the health of their herd. Vaccinations will begin to take effect from when you first bring your piglets home to start with, so if your piglets were born early, it is best to wait until they are about six months old. A couple of years is usually the recommended age for vaccinations as well. While most pigs out there have had at least one dose of vaccinations, it is still important to talk to your vet about how often your piglets need vaccinations. Some things might be routine, but others will be at the discretion of the breeder or veterinarian. If you are looking for vaccines that your guinea pigs will get year round, make sure to inquire about those before you buy them. There are a number of things that could be included in the vaccination that guinea pigs are given. Most common vaccines include distemper, hepatitis, and a disease called tapeworm. Because these diseases can be harmful, the administration of vaccines against these diseases is most commonly done in the early stages of development.

Do Guinea Pigs Need Shots: (Can It Prevent Rabies)?

Do Guinea Pigs Need Shots: (What Diseases Can You Prevent)?
Do Guinea Pigs Need Shots: (What Diseases Can You Prevent)?
What about essential vaccination?
Do guinea pigs carry any diseases?
Do guinea pigs need checkups?
Do guinea pigs need rabies shots?
Summary

This is important because it gives your piglets a chance to develop immunity and avoid diseases that they may be susceptible to. And the vaccination routine will continue until the piglets are about 6 months old, after which it will depend on what is in their diets and the health of their herd. Vaccinations will begin to take effect from when you first bring your piglets home to start with, so if your piglets were born early, it is best to wait until they are about six months old. A couple of years is usually the recommended age for vaccinations as well. While most pigs out there have had at least one dose of vaccinations, it is still important to talk to your vet about how often your piglets need vaccinations. Some things might be routine, but others will be at the discretion of the breeder or veterinarian. If you are looking for vaccines that your guinea pigs will get year round, make sure to inquire about those before you buy them. There are a number of things that could be included in the vaccination that guinea pigs are given. Most common vaccines include distemper, hepatitis, and a disease called tapeworm. Because these diseases can be harmful, the administration of vaccines against these diseases is most commonly done in the early stages of development.

Why Do Pigs Root? | Digging for the Truth - WMLC Blog Why Do Pigs Root?
Why Do Pigs Root?
Why Do Pigs Root?
What Is Rooting
Why Do Pigs Do it
Why Are Pigs Iron Deficient
Do I have to give my baby pigs shots?
How do I give my piglet an iron injection?
What is the inguinal fold?
Convenience of collapsible plastic vials
Disposable syringes and needles
The right needles
Are there other ways pigs can get iron
If pigs need iron injections, what other shots should they get?
So what vaccination schedule should I follow?
3 Weeks of Age
4 Weeks of Age
8 Weeks of Age
Can a Pig be kept from rooting?
What is a Rooting Box?
How Do I Make A Rooting Box?
How Can I stop Rooting if it becomes Violent?
Are there different types of rooting?
Leave a reply
 Well ultimately, that depends on where you live. However, the vaccination schedule usually begins at about a week old. This includes shots to fight against rhinitis (bordetella), erysipelas, mycoplasma and pneumonia. Pneumonia and Mycoplasma go hand in hand since both are deadly and infect the respiratory system. So what vaccination schedule should I follow? Questions such as this can be hard to answer. Ultimately, you want to consult your vet to determine exactly what injections and when your pigs should get them. ValleyVet.com recommends that pigs should be vaccinated for the following: 3 Weeks of Age
Circovirus – A common swine virus found in pigs all over  the world that can lead to death. 4 Weeks of Age
Boosters for rhinitis
Boosters for erysipelas
Vaccinations against Mycoplasma, pneumonia and  Actinobacillus
8 Weeks of Age
Vaccine against the parasite that causes Glasser’s  disease
Vaccine against polyserositis – This vaccine protects  piglets against Actinobacillus and pleuropneumonia as well.

Why Do Pigs Root? | Digging for the Truth - WMLC Blog

Why Do Pigs Root?
Why Do Pigs Root?
Why Do Pigs Root?
What Is Rooting
Why Do Pigs Do it
Why Are Pigs Iron Deficient
Do I have to give my baby pigs shots?
How do I give my piglet an iron injection?
What is the inguinal fold?
Convenience of collapsible plastic vials
Disposable syringes and needles
The right needles
Are there other ways pigs can get iron
If pigs need iron injections, what other shots should they get?
So what vaccination schedule should I follow?
3 Weeks of Age
4 Weeks of Age
8 Weeks of Age
Can a Pig be kept from rooting?
What is a Rooting Box?
How Do I Make A Rooting Box?
How Can I stop Rooting if it becomes Violent?
Are there different types of rooting?
Leave a reply

Well ultimately, that depends on where you live. However, the vaccination schedule usually begins at about a week old. This includes shots to fight against rhinitis (bordetella), erysipelas, mycoplasma and pneumonia. Pneumonia and Mycoplasma go hand in hand since both are deadly and infect the respiratory system. So what vaccination schedule should I follow? Questions such as this can be hard to answer. Ultimately, you want to consult your vet to determine exactly what injections and when your pigs should get them. ValleyVet.com recommends that pigs should be vaccinated for the following: 3 Weeks of Age
Circovirus – A common swine virus found in pigs all over  the world that can lead to death. 4 Weeks of Age
Boosters for rhinitis
Boosters for erysipelas
Vaccinations against Mycoplasma, pneumonia and  Actinobacillus
8 Weeks of Age
Vaccine against the parasite that causes Glasser’s  disease
Vaccine against polyserositis – This vaccine protects  piglets against Actinobacillus and pleuropneumonia as well.

If acute cases develop suddenly in an unvaccinated herd, antiserum, if available, may be administered to in-contact pigs. It may be more cost effective to use a long-acting form of penicillin or tetracyclines before implementing a vaccine program. Prevention is best achieved by regular vaccination using killed bacterins or, in some countries, attenuated vaccines prepared by serial passage or strains of low virulence for pigs. The formalin-killed, aluminum-hydroxide-adsorbed bacterin confers an immunity that, in most instances, protects growing pigs from acute disease until they reach market age. An oral vaccine of low virulence is also used. Young breeding stock, including boars, should be vaccinated twice at intervals of 3-5 wk at selection or before entering the herd, and then revaccinated every 6 mo or after each litter. Piglets born to vaccinated sows will be protected for 10-12 wk. Further protection will require vaccination at 12 wk. A booster vaccination 3-5 wk later is recommended. Vaccination of heavily pregnant sows is not advisable.

If acute cases develop suddenly in an unvaccinated herd, antiserum, if available, may be administered to in-contact pigs. It may be more cost effective to use a long-acting form of penicillin or tetracyclines before implementing a vaccine program. Prevention is best achieved by regular vaccination using killed bacterins or, in some countries, attenuated vaccines prepared by serial passage or strains of low virulence for pigs. The formalin-killed, aluminum-hydroxide-adsorbed bacterin confers an immunity that, in most instances, protects growing pigs from acute disease until they reach market age. An oral vaccine of low virulence is also used. Young breeding stock, including boars, should be vaccinated twice at intervals of 3-5 wk at selection or before entering the herd, and then revaccinated every 6 mo or after each litter. Piglets born to vaccinated sows will be protected for 10-12 wk. Further protection will require vaccination at 12 wk. A booster vaccination 3-5 wk later is recommended. Vaccination of heavily pregnant sows is not advisable.

Why Do Pigs Root? | Digging for the Truth - WMLC Blog Why Do Pigs Root?
Why Do Pigs Root?
Why Do Pigs Root?
What Is Rooting
Why Do Pigs Do it
Why Are Pigs Iron Deficient
Do I have to give my baby pigs shots?
How do I give my piglet an iron injection?
What is the inguinal fold?
Convenience of collapsible plastic vials
Disposable syringes and needles
The right needles
Are there other ways pigs can get iron
If pigs need iron injections, what other shots should they get?
So what vaccination schedule should I follow?
3 Weeks of Age
4 Weeks of Age
8 Weeks of Age
Can a Pig be kept from rooting?
What is a Rooting Box?
How Do I Make A Rooting Box?
How Can I stop Rooting if it becomes Violent?
Are there different types of rooting?
Leave a reply
 Questions such as this can be hard to answer. Ultimately, you want to consult your vet to determine exactly what injections and when your pigs should get them. ValleyVet.com recommends that pigs should be vaccinated for the following: 3 Weeks of Age
Circovirus – A common swine virus found in pigs all over  the world that can lead to death. 4 Weeks of Age
Boosters for rhinitis
Boosters for erysipelas
Vaccinations against Mycoplasma, pneumonia and  Actinobacillus
8 Weeks of Age
Vaccine against the parasite that causes Glasser’s  disease
Vaccine against polyserositis – This vaccine protects  piglets against Actinobacillus and pleuropneumonia as well. As I previously said, the type and amount of vaccines varies on several factors, including where exactly you live. Because of this it is always best to consult your vet before administering any vaccines to your pigs. Can a Pig be kept from rooting? It is possible but it is highly discouraged. You can use hog rings attached to their snout which will create an uncomfortable feeling every time they root.

Questions such as this can be hard to answer. Ultimately, you want to consult your vet to determine exactly what injections and when your pigs should get them. ValleyVet.com recommends that pigs should be vaccinated for the following: 3 Weeks of Age
Circovirus – A common swine virus found in pigs all over  the world that can lead to death. 4 Weeks of Age
Boosters for rhinitis
Boosters for erysipelas
Vaccinations against Mycoplasma, pneumonia and  Actinobacillus
8 Weeks of Age
Vaccine against the parasite that causes Glasser’s  disease
Vaccine against polyserositis – This vaccine protects  piglets against Actinobacillus and pleuropneumonia as well. As I previously said, the type and amount of vaccines varies on several factors, including where exactly you live. Because of this it is always best to consult your vet before administering any vaccines to your pigs. Can a Pig be kept from rooting? It is possible but it is highly discouraged. You can use hog rings attached to their snout which will create an uncomfortable feeling every time they root.

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices? Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?
 In fact, you could continue isolating these pigs from each other for the entire feeding period before the exhibition. If you show the pigs several times during a season, isolate them in their own pen after each return to the farm. Do not expose other swine, such as breeding stock, on the farm to the many disease-causing organisms that these show pigs may have picked up elsewhere. Following good health management Practices
Generally, it is much easier to prevent swine diseases by using good management practices rather than trying to treat the pigs after they have become sick. Injecting them with antibiotics in order to prevent diseases usually does not work. For example, if pigs are purchased from multiple sources, mixed on a trailer and subjected to the stress of hauling, injections during this time may only postpone or delay the development of bacterial diseases. Antibiotics are totally ineffective in preventing common viral diseases such as transmissible gastroenteritis and swine influenza. Also, vaccines are not available for all swine diseases and must be given long before the pigs undertake the rigors of the exhibition. Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Your pigs should always have access to fresh, clean, cool water. If they go without water for 2 to 3 days and then gorge themselves on water, pigs can suffer brain damage or die from salt intoxication, or water deprivation.

In fact, you could continue isolating these pigs from each other for the entire feeding period before the exhibition. If you show the pigs several times during a season, isolate them in their own pen after each return to the farm. Do not expose other swine, such as breeding stock, on the farm to the many disease-causing organisms that these show pigs may have picked up elsewhere. Following good health management Practices
Generally, it is much easier to prevent swine diseases by using good management practices rather than trying to treat the pigs after they have become sick. Injecting them with antibiotics in order to prevent diseases usually does not work. For example, if pigs are purchased from multiple sources, mixed on a trailer and subjected to the stress of hauling, injections during this time may only postpone or delay the development of bacterial diseases. Antibiotics are totally ineffective in preventing common viral diseases such as transmissible gastroenteritis and swine influenza. Also, vaccines are not available for all swine diseases and must be given long before the pigs undertake the rigors of the exhibition. Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Your pigs should always have access to fresh, clean, cool water. If they go without water for 2 to 3 days and then gorge themselves on water, pigs can suffer brain damage or die from salt intoxication, or water deprivation.

Do Guinea Pigs Need Shots: (Can It Prevent Rabies)? Do Guinea Pigs Need Shots: (What Diseases Can You Prevent)?
Do Guinea Pigs Need Shots: (What Diseases Can You Prevent)?
What about essential vaccination?
Do guinea pigs carry any diseases?
Do guinea pigs need checkups?
Do guinea pigs need rabies shots?
Summary
 If you are unsure, talk to your vet to find out how often you should be vaccinating your piglets. The statistics show that when you’re having a lot of piglets, it is best to just wait until they are about six months old to start giving them shots. From then on, you can decide how often you want to give them. No one knows for sure whether or not a piglet will be prone to getting diseases as they get older, so it might be better to wait until the piglets are six months old before you get the shots. What other things should you look for in a breeder of guinea pigs? Be careful of those who offer free shots and don’t expect anything in return for your money. Ask for a list of their pigs’ vaccination records, and make sure that they have all of the vaccines that are necessary for your piglets to make sure that you get your money’s worth. If they have the only breed of pigs that are currently being vaccinated, ask if they can recommend another breeder. Your future piglets should be guaranteed healthy if you choose a good breeder. READ How Often Do Shih Tzu Need To Be Walked (Daily or Weekly)?

If you are unsure, talk to your vet to find out how often you should be vaccinating your piglets. The statistics show that when you’re having a lot of piglets, it is best to just wait until they are about six months old to start giving them shots. From then on, you can decide how often you want to give them. No one knows for sure whether or not a piglet will be prone to getting diseases as they get older, so it might be better to wait until the piglets are six months old before you get the shots. What other things should you look for in a breeder of guinea pigs? Be careful of those who offer free shots and don’t expect anything in return for your money. Ask for a list of their pigs’ vaccination records, and make sure that they have all of the vaccines that are necessary for your piglets to make sure that you get your money’s worth. If they have the only breed of pigs that are currently being vaccinated, ask if they can recommend another breeder. Your future piglets should be guaranteed healthy if you choose a good breeder. READ How Often Do Shih Tzu Need To Be Walked (Daily or Weekly)?

Erysipelas | The Pig Site Erysipelas
Erysipelas
Background and history
Clinical signs
Sows
Boars
The important effects of erysipelas on reproductive failure
Weaners and growers
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Swine it #92: What can we learn from the Russian pig farming model? - Simon Grey
AASV: You can’t save your way to prosperity
Pig outlook: lean hog futures show resilience
 Virus infections particularly PRRS and SI. Prevention
If a boar is ill with a temperature and shows skin lesions, treat immediately and do not use for mating for a minimum period of four weeks. Alternatively, cross mate with boars that have no disease history or use AI. Vaccinate all gilts and young boars twice, two to four weeks apart (according to manufacturer's instructions) from 14 weeks of age. In herds where there is a high challenge it may be necessary to re-vaccinate gilts and boars so that a third dose of vaccine is given two months after the second often when the breeding animals arrive on the farm. Re-vaccinate sows either two weeks prior to farrowing, or at weaning time, depending on the incidence and history of disease on the farm. Make sure boars are re-vaccinated every six months. If disease breakdowns occur in spite of vaccination it is likely that the levels of challenge from the environment are high. Assess hygiene in breeding pens and move to an all-in all-out method of housing. In an outbreak remember that water, faeces, dung, nasal secretions, bedding and feed, harbour the organisms.

Erysipelas | The Pig Site

Erysipelas
Erysipelas
Background and history
Clinical signs
Sows
Boars
The important effects of erysipelas on reproductive failure
Weaners and growers
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Swine it #92: What can we learn from the Russian pig farming model? - Simon Grey
AASV: You can’t save your way to prosperity
Pig outlook: lean hog futures show resilience

Virus infections particularly PRRS and SI. Prevention
If a boar is ill with a temperature and shows skin lesions, treat immediately and do not use for mating for a minimum period of four weeks. Alternatively, cross mate with boars that have no disease history or use AI. Vaccinate all gilts and young boars twice, two to four weeks apart (according to manufacturer's instructions) from 14 weeks of age. In herds where there is a high challenge it may be necessary to re-vaccinate gilts and boars so that a third dose of vaccine is given two months after the second often when the breeding animals arrive on the farm. Re-vaccinate sows either two weeks prior to farrowing, or at weaning time, depending on the incidence and history of disease on the farm. Make sure boars are re-vaccinated every six months. If disease breakdowns occur in spite of vaccination it is likely that the levels of challenge from the environment are high. Assess hygiene in breeding pens and move to an all-in all-out method of housing. In an outbreak remember that water, faeces, dung, nasal secretions, bedding and feed, harbour the organisms.

Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs - Respiratory System - Merck Veterinary Manual Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic rhinitis, pig
Etiology:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Control:
Others also read
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual
 When atrophic rhinitis rises to an unacceptable level in a herd, control measures are usually strategic: chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, temporary closure of the herd to introduction of new pigs, and improved management (eg, better ventilation and hygiene, less dusty feed). Chemoprophylaxis usually includes administration of antibacterial drugs to all sows, particularly before farrowing, as well as programs of repeated medications for newborn piglets and sometimes for newly weaned pigs. Medication of weaner and grower rations, and sometimes sow rations, is often helpful. Drugs commonly used are ceftiofur, sulfonamides, tylosin, and tetracyclines. Bacterins against toxigenic P multocida and B bronchiseptica have been developed. Both toxoid vaccines and bacterin-toxoid mixtures are available against P multocida; although both give satisfactory results in most herds, infection can be best prevented with bacterin-toxoid mixtures. Typically, sows are vaccinated 4 and 2 wk before farrowing, and the young pigs at 1 and 4 wk of age. However, vaccination schedules recommended by the manufacturer should be followed.

Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs - Respiratory System - Merck Veterinary Manual

Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic rhinitis, pig
Etiology:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Control:
Others also read
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual

When atrophic rhinitis rises to an unacceptable level in a herd, control measures are usually strategic: chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, temporary closure of the herd to introduction of new pigs, and improved management (eg, better ventilation and hygiene, less dusty feed). Chemoprophylaxis usually includes administration of antibacterial drugs to all sows, particularly before farrowing, as well as programs of repeated medications for newborn piglets and sometimes for newly weaned pigs. Medication of weaner and grower rations, and sometimes sow rations, is often helpful. Drugs commonly used are ceftiofur, sulfonamides, tylosin, and tetracyclines. Bacterins against toxigenic P multocida and B bronchiseptica have been developed. Both toxoid vaccines and bacterin-toxoid mixtures are available against P multocida; although both give satisfactory results in most herds, infection can be best prevented with bacterin-toxoid mixtures. Typically, sows are vaccinated 4 and 2 wk before farrowing, and the young pigs at 1 and 4 wk of age. However, vaccination schedules recommended by the manufacturer should be followed.

NADIS - National Animal Disease Information Service Erysipelas
Erysipelas
Fig 1: Sloughing of the skin of the scrotum secondary to necrosis following Erysipelas infection
Fig 2: Sloughing of the skin of the neck secondary to necrosis following Erysipelas infection
Clinical Signs
Fig 3: Classic 'diamonds' in a growing pig
Fig 4: 'Cauliflower' growths on heart valves (Endocariditis)
Fig 5: Crippling, irreversible arthritis in a growing pig (photo courtesy W J Smith)
Circumstances
Treatment
Control
Conclusion
 Control
Safe and effective vaccines are available and are very cheap. Considering the high risk of Erysipelas to pigs, particularly in straw based, and back yard outdoor systems, it is an essential component of any health programme to vaccinate all breeding stock (gilts, sows and boars) to prevent the disease. A primary 2 dose course, with appropriate interval, should be followed by boosters for sows every parity and every 6 months for boars. Sow boosters are often given at weaning although protection of the offspring up to 8 - 10 weeks of age can better be achieved by vaccinating 2 - 3 weeks before farrowing. For sows, vaccines are available in combination with other pathogens. In rare cases the strain involved may not be covered by a commercial vaccine in which case if the problem persists in a herd an autogenous vaccine may be required produced under special licence using the specific farm isolate. In high-risk situations, vaccination of young stock from 6 weeks of age (either with a single dose or, if necessary, a 2 dose course) can be applied. The key to preventing Erysipelas arthritis rests in limiting exposure to the organism, which can come from several sources (i.e. birds, mice and other pigs). Bird scarers, bird netting, proximity of birds of prey and coverage of feed hoppers etc will all reduce the chances that feed will become contaminated with bird faeces. Likewise, a vigorous rodent control programme is essential. (

NADIS - National Animal Disease Information Service

Erysipelas
Erysipelas
Fig 1: Sloughing of the skin of the scrotum secondary to necrosis following Erysipelas infection
Fig 2: Sloughing of the skin of the neck secondary to necrosis following Erysipelas infection
Clinical Signs
Fig 3: Classic 'diamonds' in a growing pig
Fig 4: 'Cauliflower' growths on heart valves (Endocariditis)
Fig 5: Crippling, irreversible arthritis in a growing pig (photo courtesy W J Smith)
Circumstances
Treatment
Control
Conclusion

Control
Safe and effective vaccines are available and are very cheap. Considering the high risk of Erysipelas to pigs, particularly in straw based, and back yard outdoor systems, it is an essential component of any health programme to vaccinate all breeding stock (gilts, sows and boars) to prevent the disease. A primary 2 dose course, with appropriate interval, should be followed by boosters for sows every parity and every 6 months for boars. Sow boosters are often given at weaning although protection of the offspring up to 8 - 10 weeks of age can better be achieved by vaccinating 2 - 3 weeks before farrowing. For sows, vaccines are available in combination with other pathogens. In rare cases the strain involved may not be covered by a commercial vaccine in which case if the problem persists in a herd an autogenous vaccine may be required produced under special licence using the specific farm isolate. In high-risk situations, vaccination of young stock from 6 weeks of age (either with a single dose or, if necessary, a 2 dose course) can be applied. The key to preventing Erysipelas arthritis rests in limiting exposure to the organism, which can come from several sources (i.e. birds, mice and other pigs). Bird scarers, bird netting, proximity of birds of prey and coverage of feed hoppers etc will all reduce the chances that feed will become contaminated with bird faeces. Likewise, a vigorous rodent control programme is essential. (

Erysipelas | The Pig Site Erysipelas
Erysipelas
Background and history
Clinical signs
Sows
Boars
The important effects of erysipelas on reproductive failure
Weaners and growers
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Swine it #92: What can we learn from the Russian pig farming model? - Simon Grey
AASV: You can’t save your way to prosperity
Pig outlook: lean hog futures show resilience
 Sudden changes in diet. Common in straw based systems. Diets that contain fungal toxins (mycotoxins) particularly aflatoxin. Heavy parasite burdens or low levels of coccidia that allow the bacteria to enter through the damaged wall of the intestine. The purchase of non-vaccinated boars or gilts. Virus infections particularly PRRS and SI. Prevention
If a boar is ill with a temperature and shows skin lesions, treat immediately and do not use for mating for a minimum period of four weeks. Alternatively, cross mate with boars that have no disease history or use AI. Vaccinate all gilts and young boars twice, two to four weeks apart (according to manufacturer's instructions) from 14 weeks of age. In herds where there is a high challenge it may be necessary to re-vaccinate gilts and boars so that a third dose of vaccine is given two months after the second often when the breeding animals arrive on the farm.

Erysipelas | The Pig Site

Sudden changes in diet. Common in straw based systems. Diets that contain fungal toxins (mycotoxins) particularly aflatoxin. Heavy parasite burdens or low levels of coccidia that allow the bacteria to enter through the damaged wall of the intestine. The purchase of non-vaccinated boars or gilts. Virus infections particularly PRRS and SI. Prevention
If a boar is ill with a temperature and shows skin lesions, treat immediately and do not use for mating for a minimum period of four weeks. Alternatively, cross mate with boars that have no disease history or use AI. Vaccinate all gilts and young boars twice, two to four weeks apart (according to manufacturer's instructions) from 14 weeks of age. In herds where there is a high challenge it may be necessary to re-vaccinate gilts and boars so that a third dose of vaccine is given two months after the second often when the breeding animals arrive on the farm.

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy You should also vaccinate newly-bought feeder pigs if you are unsure if they have been inoculated. Leptospirosis is a bacteria-borne disease that can easily spread throughout the herd if steps are not taken to prevent it. Infected vulnerable female pigs can spontaneously abort their litters. You can protect females from these pig diseases by vaccinating gilts before they are first bred and sows at every subsequent weaning. Porcine Parvovirus is a virus that can multiply within the pig's intestine without showing outward symptoms. It is a leading cause of reproductive failure through spontaneous abortion of the fetus. The parvovirus is difficult to eliminate from the pig's environment because it resists most disinfectants and can survive outside the pig for long periods of time. Pregnant sows should be protected by vaccination before breeding. Other common pig diseases that you should watch out for but not necessarily routinely vaccinate against, because it may not be cost-effective to do so, are Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes pneumonia that cause sudden death or retard growth; Salmonella, which can give pigs severe pneumonia or diarrhea;

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy

You should also vaccinate newly-bought feeder pigs if you are unsure if they have been inoculated. Leptospirosis is a bacteria-borne disease that can easily spread throughout the herd if steps are not taken to prevent it. Infected vulnerable female pigs can spontaneously abort their litters. You can protect females from these pig diseases by vaccinating gilts before they are first bred and sows at every subsequent weaning. Porcine Parvovirus is a virus that can multiply within the pig's intestine without showing outward symptoms. It is a leading cause of reproductive failure through spontaneous abortion of the fetus. The parvovirus is difficult to eliminate from the pig's environment because it resists most disinfectants and can survive outside the pig for long periods of time. Pregnant sows should be protected by vaccination before breeding. Other common pig diseases that you should watch out for but not necessarily routinely vaccinate against, because it may not be cost-effective to do so, are Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes pneumonia that cause sudden death or retard growth; Salmonella, which can give pigs severe pneumonia or diarrhea;

Pig Vaccinations/Parasite Control - PAL (Pig Advocates League) Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
Diatomaceous Earth
 Pig Vaccinations/Parasite Control - PAL (Pig Advocates League)
Photo credit: globalnews.com
Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
The choice to vaccinate or not may not be yours to make. Some cities require vaccinations in order to be in compliance with zoning restrictions, so be sure you check yours before making the decision not to vaccinate your pig. These vaccinations do not typically eliminate the risk completely of your pig contracting these diseases, but they significantly decrease the chances. Erysipelas, for example, has 22 strains, pigs are susceptible to 15 of them and the 3 most common have a vaccination that can be given. That leaves 12 strains that your pig could potentially contract. Vaccinations for different illnesses and diseases have been around for years, we vaccinate our children so if exposed to a potentially life altering disease, they're protected. This is the same reason we vaccinate pigs, to protect them from contracting life altering/threatening diseases. Parasite control, however, needs to be included at the very least, every 6 months. Ivermectin and Fenbendazole
Pigs can and do get parasites, including worms.

Pig Vaccinations/Parasite Control - PAL (Pig Advocates League)

Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
Diatomaceous Earth

Pig Vaccinations/Parasite Control - PAL (Pig Advocates League)
Photo credit: globalnews.com
Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
The choice to vaccinate or not may not be yours to make. Some cities require vaccinations in order to be in compliance with zoning restrictions, so be sure you check yours before making the decision not to vaccinate your pig. These vaccinations do not typically eliminate the risk completely of your pig contracting these diseases, but they significantly decrease the chances. Erysipelas, for example, has 22 strains, pigs are susceptible to 15 of them and the 3 most common have a vaccination that can be given. That leaves 12 strains that your pig could potentially contract. Vaccinations for different illnesses and diseases have been around for years, we vaccinate our children so if exposed to a potentially life altering disease, they're protected. This is the same reason we vaccinate pigs, to protect them from contracting life altering/threatening diseases. Parasite control, however, needs to be included at the very least, every 6 months. Ivermectin and Fenbendazole
Pigs can and do get parasites, including worms.

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices? Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?
 These are some precautions: Taking care that the show pigs are healthy when they arrive on the farm
Using isolation practices to prevent disease
Using good health management practices
Providing plenty of fresh, clean water
Changing rations slowly
Providing rations containing medication to prevent specific diseases that kill or cripple pigs
Taking special care during and after surgeries
Understanding disease risks within a well-managed farm
Vaccinating to prevent serious diseases
Deworming the pigs routinely
Having sick pigs promptly diagnosed and treated
Using prescribed drugs properly
Starting with Healthy Pigs
To prevent disease outbreaks in show pigs, start by preparing before you produce or buy them. Pigs should be very healthy if they are farrowed at one location, are never exposed to other swine and are fed at that location until the exhibition. When buying show pigs, it is best to buy them directly from one farm of origin that has a history of excellent herd health. You may house the pigs together if you bought them all from one farm of origin unless they are fighting too much (a common cause of lameness) or need to be fed different rations. Show pigs can be exposed to many disease-causing organisms for these reasons: They are bought at a sale that is not at the farm of origin and are exposed to other pigs. They are bought directly from multiple farms and then mixed on a trailer for transportation to a location for distribution to buyers. REMEMBER: The greater the exposure, the greater the likelihood of disease problems.

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy Pregnant females should be vaccinated before farrowing. Erysipelas is one of the most prevalent pig diseases, since it is caused by bacteria that are commonly found in most pig farms that pigs excrete through their saliva or waste products. This disease can cause death or compromise the health of the pig by causing heart infections or chronic arthritis. It can also stunt the growth of surviving pigs. Pregnant females should be inoculated before breeding. You should also vaccinate newly-bought feeder pigs if you are unsure if they have been inoculated. Leptospirosis is a bacteria-borne disease that can easily spread throughout the herd if steps are not taken to prevent it. Infected vulnerable female pigs can spontaneously abort their litters. You can protect females from these pig diseases by vaccinating gilts before they are first bred and sows at every subsequent weaning. Porcine Parvovirus is a virus that can multiply within the pig's intestine without showing outward symptoms.

Pregnant females should be vaccinated before farrowing. Erysipelas is one of the most prevalent pig diseases, since it is caused by bacteria that are commonly found in most pig farms that pigs excrete through their saliva or waste products. This disease can cause death or compromise the health of the pig by causing heart infections or chronic arthritis. It can also stunt the growth of surviving pigs. Pregnant females should be inoculated before breeding. You should also vaccinate newly-bought feeder pigs if you are unsure if they have been inoculated. Leptospirosis is a bacteria-borne disease that can easily spread throughout the herd if steps are not taken to prevent it. Infected vulnerable female pigs can spontaneously abort their litters. You can protect females from these pig diseases by vaccinating gilts before they are first bred and sows at every subsequent weaning. Porcine Parvovirus is a virus that can multiply within the pig's intestine without showing outward symptoms.

 Treatment
Penicillin is the drug of choice for the treatment of acutely affected pigs, and it has been used concurrently with antiserum. Penicillin should be given daily for 2-3 days; alternatively, a long-acting form may be used. Improvement is usually seen in 24 hr. Treatment of chronic infection is usually ineffective or not cost effective, and such pigs should be culled. If acute cases develop suddenly in an unvaccinated herd, antiserum, if available, may be administered to in-contact pigs. It may be more cost effective to use a long-acting form of penicillin or tetracyclines before implementing a vaccine program. Prevention is best achieved by regular vaccination using killed bacterins or, in some countries, attenuated vaccines prepared by serial passage or strains of low virulence for pigs. The formalin-killed, aluminum-hydroxide-adsorbed bacterin confers an immunity that, in most instances, protects growing pigs from acute disease until they reach market age. An oral vaccine of low virulence is also used.

Treatment
Penicillin is the drug of choice for the treatment of acutely affected pigs, and it has been used concurrently with antiserum. Penicillin should be given daily for 2-3 days; alternatively, a long-acting form may be used. Improvement is usually seen in 24 hr. Treatment of chronic infection is usually ineffective or not cost effective, and such pigs should be culled. If acute cases develop suddenly in an unvaccinated herd, antiserum, if available, may be administered to in-contact pigs. It may be more cost effective to use a long-acting form of penicillin or tetracyclines before implementing a vaccine program. Prevention is best achieved by regular vaccination using killed bacterins or, in some countries, attenuated vaccines prepared by serial passage or strains of low virulence for pigs. The formalin-killed, aluminum-hydroxide-adsorbed bacterin confers an immunity that, in most instances, protects growing pigs from acute disease until they reach market age. An oral vaccine of low virulence is also used.

NADIS - National Animal Disease Information Service Erysipelas
Erysipelas
Fig 1: Sloughing of the skin of the scrotum secondary to necrosis following Erysipelas infection
Fig 2: Sloughing of the skin of the neck secondary to necrosis following Erysipelas infection
Clinical Signs
Fig 3: Classic 'diamonds' in a growing pig
Fig 4: 'Cauliflower' growths on heart valves (Endocariditis)
Fig 5: Crippling, irreversible arthritis in a growing pig (photo courtesy W J Smith)
Circumstances
Treatment
Control
Conclusion
 In small populations kept in back yards, orchards or paddocks there is plenty of opportunity for access by birds and rodents and the persistence of the organism in soil favours persistence of disease. Treatment
The acute disease (diamonds, abortion) is relatively easily and effectively treated with narrow spectrum penicillin-based antibiotics, either given by injection, in water or in feed depending on the extent and duration of the outbreak. A full course of treatment must be given - whilst a single short acting dose of penicillin by injection will often rapidly lead to apparent recovery (i.e. reduced temperature, return of appetite) failure to provide 3 - 5 days treatment can lead to chronic signs or re-emergence. In outbreaks of peracute, acute and endocarditic forms of the disease it is appropriate to treat the entire population metaphyllacticly using penicillin based antibiotics in feed or water. Treatment of chronically lame pigs is often disappointing - antibiotics are rarely effective against Erysipelas lameness but use of NSAID or even cortisone can give relief from pain. Control
Safe and effective vaccines are available and are very cheap. Considering the high risk of Erysipelas to pigs, particularly in straw based, and back yard outdoor systems, it is an essential component of any health programme to vaccinate all breeding stock (gilts, sows and boars) to prevent the disease. A primary 2 dose course, with appropriate interval, should be followed by boosters for sows every parity and every 6 months for boars. Sow boosters are often given at weaning although protection of the offspring up to 8 - 10 weeks of age can better be achieved by vaccinating 2 - 3 weeks before farrowing. For sows, vaccines are available in combination with other pathogens.

Torremorell M. 1995;4:139-143. Vaccination against S suis Vaccination against
Streptococcus suis
:
Effect on nursery mortality

Field study
Vaccination against Streptococcus suis:
Effect on nursery mortality
Montserrat Torremorell, DVM; Carlos Pijoan, DVM, PhD; Emilio Trigo, DVM, PhD
Summary
Material and methods
Herd history and clinical evaluation
Field vaccine trial
Statistical analysis
Posttrial vaccination protocols
Results
Discussion
Implications
References
 Posttrial vaccination protocols
Following this controlled trial, the producer adopted a new vaccination protocol that was designed to boost the immune response and protect pigs with different levels of maternal immunity. Starting in late November 1995, piglets were vaccinated with the commercial bacterin IP at 5 days of age, revaccinated IP at weaning (15 days of age), and revaccinated again 10 days later IM. This program was followed in the herd for 6 months. A TGEV outbreak in March 1996 convinced the producer to begin attempts to determine the causes of nursery pig mortality. Thus, after March 1996, the herd records differentiated between total mortality data of pigs and mortality that could be directly attributed to S. suis ( i.e., pigs that exhibited obvious CNS distress, ataxia, tremors, and paddling). In May 1996, the producer decided to adopt a sow vaccination protocol, which was less expensive, less time consuming, and easier to implement. Sows were vaccinated IM with the commercial bacterin at approximately days 77 and 98 of gestation. Piglets were followed during the nursery stage, and mortality rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this protocol. This protocol was still in use at the time of this report. Results
Pigs that received the experimental autogenous vaccine tended to have lower morbidity/mortality ( P <.1) than pigs in the other groups  ( Figure 2 ).

Torremorell M. 1995;4:139-143. Vaccination against S suis

Vaccination against
Streptococcus suis
:
Effect on nursery mortality

Field study
Vaccination against Streptococcus suis:
Effect on nursery mortality
Montserrat Torremorell, DVM; Carlos Pijoan, DVM, PhD; Emilio Trigo, DVM, PhD
Summary
Material and methods
Herd history and clinical evaluation
Field vaccine trial
Statistical analysis
Posttrial vaccination protocols
Results
Discussion
Implications
References

Posttrial vaccination protocols
Following this controlled trial, the producer adopted a new vaccination protocol that was designed to boost the immune response and protect pigs with different levels of maternal immunity. Starting in late November 1995, piglets were vaccinated with the commercial bacterin IP at 5 days of age, revaccinated IP at weaning (15 days of age), and revaccinated again 10 days later IM. This program was followed in the herd for 6 months. A TGEV outbreak in March 1996 convinced the producer to begin attempts to determine the causes of nursery pig mortality. Thus, after March 1996, the herd records differentiated between total mortality data of pigs and mortality that could be directly attributed to S. suis ( i.e., pigs that exhibited obvious CNS distress, ataxia, tremors, and paddling). In May 1996, the producer decided to adopt a sow vaccination protocol, which was less expensive, less time consuming, and easier to implement. Sows were vaccinated IM with the commercial bacterin at approximately days 77 and 98 of gestation. Piglets were followed during the nursery stage, and mortality rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this protocol. This protocol was still in use at the time of this report. Results
Pigs that received the experimental autogenous vaccine tended to have lower morbidity/mortality ( P <.1) than pigs in the other groups  ( Figure 2 ).

Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs - Respiratory System - Merck Veterinary Manual Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic rhinitis, pig
Etiology:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Control:
Others also read
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual
 Bacterins against toxigenic P multocida and B bronchiseptica have been developed. Both toxoid vaccines and bacterin-toxoid mixtures are available against P multocida; although both give satisfactory results in most herds, infection can be best prevented with bacterin-toxoid mixtures. Typically, sows are vaccinated 4 and 2 wk before farrowing, and the young pigs at 1 and 4 wk of age. However, vaccination schedules recommended by the manufacturer should be followed. A high level of colostral immunity is acquired by piglets nursing vaccinated sows. An intranasal vaccine using modified-live strains of B bronchiseptica is also available for young pigs. © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA)
Overview of Respiratory Diseases of Pigs
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Mycoplasmal Pneumonia in Pigs
Others also read
Necrotic Rhinitis in Pigs
Pasteurellosis in Pigs
Breeding Management in Pigs
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual
Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world.

Bacterins against toxigenic P multocida and B bronchiseptica have been developed. Both toxoid vaccines and bacterin-toxoid mixtures are available against P multocida; although both give satisfactory results in most herds, infection can be best prevented with bacterin-toxoid mixtures. Typically, sows are vaccinated 4 and 2 wk before farrowing, and the young pigs at 1 and 4 wk of age. However, vaccination schedules recommended by the manufacturer should be followed. A high level of colostral immunity is acquired by piglets nursing vaccinated sows. An intranasal vaccine using modified-live strains of B bronchiseptica is also available for young pigs. © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA)
Overview of Respiratory Diseases of Pigs
Was This Page Helpful? Yes
No
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia in Pigs
Others also read
Necrotic Rhinitis in Pigs
Pasteurellosis in Pigs
Breeding Management in Pigs
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual
Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world.

 If calves have received colostrum from vaccinated cows, their first vaccination should not be until they are 8 weeks old. Otherwise calves can be vaccinated at any age. A booster vaccination 4 weeks later is required to ensure adequate immunity. Rotovec Corona
Pregnant cows are vaccinated to provide protection to calves via colostrum against E.coli, Rotavirus and Coronavirus scours. Cows are given one injection about 3-4 weeks pre-calving. Bovilis BVD
This vaccine should be given to cows from 4 months age and over. It protects against the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus in both cows and their foetus. Cows should be given two vaccinations 4 weeks apart initially, then annual boosters approximately 4 weeks before mating. Hiprabovis
In calves, this vaccine helps to control respiratory conditions produced by IBR virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis), PI-3 virus (Parainfluenza-3) and the BVD virus (Bovine Viral Diarrhoea). In cows, it controls reproductive conditions produced by IBR/IPV virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis), as well as the BVD virus.

If calves have received colostrum from vaccinated cows, their first vaccination should not be until they are 8 weeks old. Otherwise calves can be vaccinated at any age. A booster vaccination 4 weeks later is required to ensure adequate immunity. Rotovec Corona
Pregnant cows are vaccinated to provide protection to calves via colostrum against E.coli, Rotavirus and Coronavirus scours. Cows are given one injection about 3-4 weeks pre-calving. Bovilis BVD
This vaccine should be given to cows from 4 months age and over. It protects against the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus in both cows and their foetus. Cows should be given two vaccinations 4 weeks apart initially, then annual boosters approximately 4 weeks before mating. Hiprabovis
In calves, this vaccine helps to control respiratory conditions produced by IBR virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis), PI-3 virus (Parainfluenza-3) and the BVD virus (Bovine Viral Diarrhoea). In cows, it controls reproductive conditions produced by IBR/IPV virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis), as well as the BVD virus.

Pseudorabies in Pigs - Nervous System - Merck Veterinary Manual Pseudorabies in Pigs
Pseudorabies in Pigs
(Aujeszky Disease, Mad Itch)
Etiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Findings and Pathogenesis
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Key Points
Was This Page Helpful?
 Intranasal vaccination of sows and neonatal piglets 1–7 days old, followed by IM vaccination of all other swine on the premises, helps reduce viral shedding and improve survival. The modified-live virus replicates at the site of injection and in regional lymph nodes. Vaccine virus is shed in such low levels that mucous transmission to other animals is minimal. In gene-deleted vaccines, the thymidine kinase gene has also been deleted; thus, the virus cannot infect and replicate in neurons. It is recommended that breeding herds be vaccinated quarterly and that finisher pigs be vaccinated after levels of maternal antibody decrease. Regular vaccination results in excellent control of the disease. Concurrent antibiotic therapy via feed and IM injection is recommended to control secondary bacterial pathogens. Numerous programs have been developed for eradication of pseudorabies virus. As of 2014, all 50 states in the USA are considered free of the disease in commercial pigs;

Pseudorabies in Pigs - Nervous System - Merck Veterinary Manual

Pseudorabies in Pigs
Pseudorabies in Pigs
(Aujeszky Disease, Mad Itch)
Etiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Findings and Pathogenesis
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Key Points
Was This Page Helpful?

Intranasal vaccination of sows and neonatal piglets 1–7 days old, followed by IM vaccination of all other swine on the premises, helps reduce viral shedding and improve survival. The modified-live virus replicates at the site of injection and in regional lymph nodes. Vaccine virus is shed in such low levels that mucous transmission to other animals is minimal. In gene-deleted vaccines, the thymidine kinase gene has also been deleted; thus, the virus cannot infect and replicate in neurons. It is recommended that breeding herds be vaccinated quarterly and that finisher pigs be vaccinated after levels of maternal antibody decrease. Regular vaccination results in excellent control of the disease. Concurrent antibiotic therapy via feed and IM injection is recommended to control secondary bacterial pathogens. Numerous programs have been developed for eradication of pseudorabies virus. As of 2014, all 50 states in the USA are considered free of the disease in commercial pigs;

Erysipelas | The Pig Site Erysipelas
Erysipelas
Background and history
Clinical signs
Sows
Boars
The important effects of erysipelas on reproductive failure
Weaners and growers
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Swine it #92: What can we learn from the Russian pig farming model? - Simon Grey
AASV: You can’t save your way to prosperity
Pig outlook: lean hog futures show resilience
 Re-vaccinate sows either two weeks prior to farrowing, or at weaning time, depending on the incidence and history of disease on the farm. Make sure boars are re-vaccinated every six months. If disease breakdowns occur in spite of vaccination it is likely that the levels of challenge from the environment are high. Assess hygiene in breeding pens and move to an all-in all-out method of housing. In an outbreak remember that water, faeces, dung, nasal secretions, bedding and feed, harbour the organisms. Killed vaccines are quite safe and have no adverse effects on the sow. Efficient storage of the vaccine as per the manufacturers recommendation is essential. Sporadic disease is common in sows but if one sow in a group becomes infected the exposure is high from her urine and faeces and it is advisable to inject all contact animals with penicillin. Birds can also contaminate feed. Assess the levels of the exposure in your herd.

Erysipelas | The Pig Site

Re-vaccinate sows either two weeks prior to farrowing, or at weaning time, depending on the incidence and history of disease on the farm. Make sure boars are re-vaccinated every six months. If disease breakdowns occur in spite of vaccination it is likely that the levels of challenge from the environment are high. Assess hygiene in breeding pens and move to an all-in all-out method of housing. In an outbreak remember that water, faeces, dung, nasal secretions, bedding and feed, harbour the organisms. Killed vaccines are quite safe and have no adverse effects on the sow. Efficient storage of the vaccine as per the manufacturers recommendation is essential. Sporadic disease is common in sows but if one sow in a group becomes infected the exposure is high from her urine and faeces and it is advisable to inject all contact animals with penicillin. Birds can also contaminate feed. Assess the levels of the exposure in your herd.

 Young breeding stock, including boars, should be vaccinated twice at intervals of 3-5 wk at selection or before entering the herd, and then revaccinated every 6 mo or after each litter. Piglets born to vaccinated sows will be protected for 10-12 wk. Further protection will require vaccination at 12 wk. A booster vaccination 3-5 wk later is recommended. Vaccination of heavily pregnant sows is not advisable. Vaccination raises the level of immunity but does not provide complete protection. Acute cases may develop after stress, and protection may not be provided against the arthritic or cardiac forms of the disease. Antigenic variation exists between bacterial strains, so a vaccine may not be equally effective against all wild strains. Good sanitation, efficient disposal of feces, and regular disinfection of pens is also important in the prevention of erysipelas. References
↑Merck Veterinary Manual
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What People Who Raise Pigs Need To Know About Influenza (Flu) | CDC What People Who Raise Pigs Need To Know About Influenza (Flu)
What People Who Raise Pigs Need To Know About Influenza (Flu)
Introduction
Influenza Virus Infections in Pigs and People
Questions & Answers about Influenza in Pigs
Q. How does influenza spread among pigs?
Q. Can influenza virus infections be prevented in pigs?
Q. What about flu vaccines for pigs?
Q. How can veterinarians help?
Q. Can people get influenza from eating pork?
Q. What about 2009 H1N1?
Q. How common are variant infections in people?
The Flu Can Spread from Pigs to People and from People to Pigs
Preventing the Spread of Flu Viruses Between People and Pigs
 A. It may be possible to lessen the risk of infections in pigs and/or severity of disease by following these management strategies: Vaccinating herds
Using good biosecurity measures
Practicing good hygiene
Vaccinating pig caretakers with seasonal influenza vaccine
Using proper ventilation systems
Q. What about flu vaccines for pigs? A. Flu vaccines for pigs can help, but are not 100% effective. Sometimes the vaccine used may not protect against the virus or viruses circulating. In addition, current vaccines may not be effective in young pigs due to interference from antibodies received from the sow. Generally, protection of young pigs is achieved by vaccinating sows; however, those maternal antibodies are not fully protective for the young pig and decrease by the time they are 10 to 13 weeks old or sooner. Producers may vaccinate their animals after maternal antibodies decrease. Q. How can veterinarians help? A. You should work together with your veterinarian to develop management strategies to reduce the spread of influenza among herds and to prevent the introduction and spread of flu viruses between pigs, people, and birds.

What People Who Raise Pigs Need To Know About Influenza (Flu) | CDC

What People Who Raise Pigs Need To Know About Influenza (Flu)
What People Who Raise Pigs Need To Know About Influenza (Flu)
Introduction
Influenza Virus Infections in Pigs and People
Questions & Answers about Influenza in Pigs
Q. How does influenza spread among pigs?
Q. Can influenza virus infections be prevented in pigs?
Q. What about flu vaccines for pigs?
Q. How can veterinarians help?
Q. Can people get influenza from eating pork?
Q. What about 2009 H1N1?
Q. How common are variant infections in people?
The Flu Can Spread from Pigs to People and from People to Pigs
Preventing the Spread of Flu Viruses Between People and Pigs

A. It may be possible to lessen the risk of infections in pigs and/or severity of disease by following these management strategies: Vaccinating herds
Using good biosecurity measures
Practicing good hygiene
Vaccinating pig caretakers with seasonal influenza vaccine
Using proper ventilation systems
Q. What about flu vaccines for pigs? A. Flu vaccines for pigs can help, but are not 100% effective. Sometimes the vaccine used may not protect against the virus or viruses circulating. In addition, current vaccines may not be effective in young pigs due to interference from antibodies received from the sow. Generally, protection of young pigs is achieved by vaccinating sows; however, those maternal antibodies are not fully protective for the young pig and decrease by the time they are 10 to 13 weeks old or sooner. Producers may vaccinate their animals after maternal antibodies decrease. Q. How can veterinarians help? A. You should work together with your veterinarian to develop management strategies to reduce the spread of influenza among herds and to prevent the introduction and spread of flu viruses between pigs, people, and birds.

Why Do Pigs Root? | Digging for the Truth - WMLC Blog Why Do Pigs Root?
Why Do Pigs Root?
Why Do Pigs Root?
What Is Rooting
Why Do Pigs Do it
Why Are Pigs Iron Deficient
Do I have to give my baby pigs shots?
How do I give my piglet an iron injection?
What is the inguinal fold?
Convenience of collapsible plastic vials
Disposable syringes and needles
The right needles
Are there other ways pigs can get iron
If pigs need iron injections, what other shots should they get?
So what vaccination schedule should I follow?
3 Weeks of Age
4 Weeks of Age
8 Weeks of Age
Can a Pig be kept from rooting?
What is a Rooting Box?
How Do I Make A Rooting Box?
How Can I stop Rooting if it becomes Violent?
Are there different types of rooting?
Leave a reply
 In this case injections are the only way to go. If you keep your pigs in a pen and are worried about about them depleting the soil of iron you can throw some pieces of steel just outside the fence. This will allow the steel to rust and oxidize the soil in a more natural manner. Make sure you place this steel on the outside of the fence to the pigs can’t cut themselves on it since they can have issues with tetanus as well. If pigs need iron injections, what other shots should they get? Well ultimately, that depends on where you live. However, the vaccination schedule usually begins at about a week old. This includes shots to fight against rhinitis (bordetella), erysipelas, mycoplasma and pneumonia. Pneumonia and Mycoplasma go hand in hand since both are deadly and infect the respiratory system. So what vaccination schedule should I follow?

In this case injections are the only way to go. If you keep your pigs in a pen and are worried about about them depleting the soil of iron you can throw some pieces of steel just outside the fence. This will allow the steel to rust and oxidize the soil in a more natural manner. Make sure you place this steel on the outside of the fence to the pigs can’t cut themselves on it since they can have issues with tetanus as well. If pigs need iron injections, what other shots should they get? Well ultimately, that depends on where you live. However, the vaccination schedule usually begins at about a week old. This includes shots to fight against rhinitis (bordetella), erysipelas, mycoplasma and pneumonia. Pneumonia and Mycoplasma go hand in hand since both are deadly and infect the respiratory system. So what vaccination schedule should I follow?

Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease) | Iowa State University Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease)
Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease)
Definition
Occurrence
Historical information
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control
 Acclimatization and vaccination of breeding stock has been of some benefit. Minimizing stressors associated with weaning and the nursery environment should be emphasized. Formalin-killed bacterins are available and can be effective for prophylaxis. Unfortunately, protection against one serovar of H. parasuis may not assure good protection against all serovars. Limited research suggests that piglets from dams that have been vaccinated against H. parasuis prior to farrowing, or piglets vaccinated when one to three weeks old, have considerable resistance to disease caused by the same serovar. Colostral immunity in the piglets may sometimes interfere with very early vaccination against H. parasuis infection. Recognition of the natural relationship between the infection of young pigs in the face of maternal immunity with subsequent induction of active immunity during this phase has led to innovative approach to control of disease. Preliminary reports suggest that controlled exposure of nursing piglets to live H. parasuis organisms indigenous to the farm will allow successful infection and development of active immunity while disease expression is suppressed by maternal immunity. This concept attempts to mimic the natural ecology of organism and host to mitigate disease -postweaning.

Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease) | Iowa State University

Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease)
Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease)
Definition
Occurrence
Historical information
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control

Acclimatization and vaccination of breeding stock has been of some benefit. Minimizing stressors associated with weaning and the nursery environment should be emphasized. Formalin-killed bacterins are available and can be effective for prophylaxis. Unfortunately, protection against one serovar of H. parasuis may not assure good protection against all serovars. Limited research suggests that piglets from dams that have been vaccinated against H. parasuis prior to farrowing, or piglets vaccinated when one to three weeks old, have considerable resistance to disease caused by the same serovar. Colostral immunity in the piglets may sometimes interfere with very early vaccination against H. parasuis infection. Recognition of the natural relationship between the infection of young pigs in the face of maternal immunity with subsequent induction of active immunity during this phase has led to innovative approach to control of disease. Preliminary reports suggest that controlled exposure of nursing piglets to live H. parasuis organisms indigenous to the farm will allow successful infection and development of active immunity while disease expression is suppressed by maternal immunity. This concept attempts to mimic the natural ecology of organism and host to mitigate disease -postweaning.

A Guide to Keeping Kunekune Pigs A Guide to Keeping Kunekune Pigs
A Guide to Keeping Kunekune Pigs
Questions and Answers on keeping Kunekunes
What do Kunekune pigs eat?
Are there any foods that I cannot feed them?
How much land do they need?
What kind of housing do they need?
What kind of fencing do I need?
Do pigs need mud?
Are pigs really dirty and smelly?
Should I keep a boar?
How many piglets do Kunes have?
What should I feed the lactating sow and piglets on?
What vaccinations do they need?
Do Kunekunes need worming?
Are there any regulations that would prevent me from keeping pigs?
What other regulations do I need to know?
Can I eat Kunekunes?
What do I do in really cold weather?
 In this country they have between 3-14 piglets, after a gestation period of 112-116  days. Pigs in general give birth easily, and Kunes are very good mothers who do  not seem to mind you handling the piglets at all. Back to top
What should I feed the lactating sow and piglets on? 16% protein sow and weaner meal and access to plenty of fresh grass. Food intake  may double during lactation. Back to top
What vaccinations do they need? Kunes need vaccinating against Erysipelas. There are two initial injections, followed  by one every six months. If you are going to breed, they can be vaccinated against  Parvo virus, which causes embryo death and mummification. The parvo virus can be  carried in boars and sows without any symptoms and vaccination is good breeding  management practice.

A Guide to Keeping Kunekune Pigs

A Guide to Keeping Kunekune Pigs
A Guide to Keeping Kunekune Pigs
Questions and Answers on keeping Kunekunes
What do Kunekune pigs eat?
Are there any foods that I cannot feed them?
How much land do they need?
What kind of housing do they need?
What kind of fencing do I need?
Do pigs need mud?
Are pigs really dirty and smelly?
Should I keep a boar?
How many piglets do Kunes have?
What should I feed the lactating sow and piglets on?
What vaccinations do they need?
Do Kunekunes need worming?
Are there any regulations that would prevent me from keeping pigs?
What other regulations do I need to know?
Can I eat Kunekunes?
What do I do in really cold weather?

In this country they have between 3-14 piglets, after a gestation period of 112-116  days. Pigs in general give birth easily, and Kunes are very good mothers who do  not seem to mind you handling the piglets at all. Back to top
What should I feed the lactating sow and piglets on? 16% protein sow and weaner meal and access to plenty of fresh grass. Food intake  may double during lactation. Back to top
What vaccinations do they need? Kunes need vaccinating against Erysipelas. There are two initial injections, followed  by one every six months. If you are going to breed, they can be vaccinated against  Parvo virus, which causes embryo death and mummification. The parvo virus can be  carried in boars and sows without any symptoms and vaccination is good breeding  management practice.

Important Issues in our Farrowing Department
Representing: TDM Farms
Presenting: Erick Soza
Supporting: Steve Smith, Dr. Carolina Sernia
Introduction
·The main function of the farrowing department is to meet weekly weaning targets.
·Saving as many pigs as possible and supporting their growth is a primary function.
·Proper care of sows immediately contributes to saving and growing good pigs.
·However, proper sow care also insures that the sow will be there to do well on subsequent farrowings.
Sow Acclimation
Piglets Processing
Sow Management
Question 2: What do you do if a sow becomes constipated?
Question 3: Should pigs be fed creep feed before weaning?
Question 4:What temperature is appropriate for the mat under the heat lamp
Question 5: How do you induce farrowing using prostaglandins (LutalyseTM or ProstamateTM)?
Question 7: How do you use oxytocin to aid a sow during a difficult farrowing?
Question 10: Is cross-fostering beneficial?
Question 14: How can you prevent sows from discharging after farrowing?
Question 17: What can be done to increase the birth weight of piglets?
Conclusion
- Although the farrowing department must meet weekly targets for number weaned, proper sow care assures sow productivity and the capability of achieving future weanings with adequate pig numbers.
 · If you see signs of discharges after the last pig is pulled, initiate one of the following treatments: - Penicillin G procaine, BP 48, or Gallimycin 200 for three consecutive days
- If the discharge is severe, you can use ¼ to ½ cc oxytocin each day. Question 15: Why is it necessary to give iron at birth? · Pigs are born with a limited store of iron (approximately 50 mg)
· Piglets use about 7-11 mg/day of iron
· Sow milk does not contain adequate iron. · Piglets get about 1 mg per day from sow milk
· Piglets can easily run out of iron in a week to 10 days
Question 16: What causes the joint of piglets to become infected and how are they best treated? · Swollen joints are usually an infection that is causing arthritis
- Some bacteria, like Strep suis, colonize the piglet’s body during birth
- These piglets carry the bacteria in their tonsils and mouth
- Open navels, cut tail stumps, castration wounds, injured gums from needle teeth trimming, and other skin lesion provide entry sites for bacteria
- Septicemia (bacteria traveling in the blood) occurs quickly after bacterial entry
- The blood carries bacteria to the joints where they locate and infect
- Multiple joint infections occur when pigs have bacteria in their blood stream
- Pigs with swollen joints have retarded growth and are often culled in the nursery or finisher
· Common bacteria: Step suis, Other Strep, Hemophilus parasuis, Some Staph, and a type of Mycoplasma, and occasionally erysipelas
· The best medications are the antibiotic shown by testing to be effective against the particular infection found in the pigs. Question 17:

Important Issues in our Farrowing Department
Representing: TDM Farms
Presenting: Erick Soza
Supporting: Steve Smith, Dr. Carolina Sernia
Introduction
·The main function of the farrowing department is to meet weekly weaning targets.
·Saving as many pigs as possible and supporting their growth is a primary function.
·Proper care of sows immediately contributes to saving and growing good pigs.
·However, proper sow care also insures that the sow will be there to do well on subsequent farrowings.
Sow Acclimation
Piglets Processing
Sow Management
Question 2: What do you do if a sow becomes constipated?
Question 3: Should pigs be fed creep feed before weaning?
Question 4:What temperature is appropriate for the mat under the heat lamp
Question 5: How do you induce farrowing using prostaglandins (LutalyseTM or ProstamateTM)?
Question 7: How do you use oxytocin to aid a sow during a difficult farrowing?
Question 10: Is cross-fostering beneficial?
Question 14: How can you prevent sows from discharging after farrowing?
Question 17: What can be done to increase the birth weight of piglets?
Conclusion
- Although the farrowing department must meet weekly targets for number weaned, proper sow care assures sow productivity and the capability of achieving future weanings with adequate pig numbers.

Erysipelas | The Pig Site

Virus infections particularly PRRS and SI. Prevention
If a boar is ill with a temperature and shows skin lesions, treat immediately and do not use for mating for a minimum period of four weeks. Alternatively, cross mate with boars that have no disease history or use AI. Vaccinate all gilts and young boars twice, two to four weeks apart (according to manufacturer's instructions) from 14 weeks of age. In herds where there is a high challenge it may be necessary to re-vaccinate gilts and boars so that a third dose of vaccine is given two months after the second often when the breeding animals arrive on the farm. Re-vaccinate sows either two weeks prior to farrowing, or at weaning time, depending on the incidence and history of disease on the farm. Make sure boars are re-vaccinated every six months. If disease breakdowns occur in spite of vaccination it is likely that the levels of challenge from the environment are high. Assess hygiene in breeding pens and move to an all-in all-out method of housing. In an outbreak remember that water, faeces, dung, nasal secretions, bedding and feed, harbour the organisms.

Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs - Respiratory System - Merck Veterinary Manual Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic rhinitis, pig
Etiology:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Control:
Others also read
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual
 When atrophic rhinitis rises to an unacceptable level in a herd, control measures are usually strategic: chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, temporary closure of the herd to introduction of new pigs, and improved management (eg, better ventilation and hygiene, less dusty feed). Chemoprophylaxis usually includes administration of antibacterial drugs to all sows, particularly before farrowing, as well as programs of repeated medications for newborn piglets and sometimes for newly weaned pigs. Medication of weaner and grower rations, and sometimes sow rations, is often helpful. Drugs commonly used are ceftiofur, sulfonamides, tylosin, and tetracyclines. Bacterins against toxigenic P multocida and B bronchiseptica have been developed. Both toxoid vaccines and bacterin-toxoid mixtures are available against P multocida; although both give satisfactory results in most herds, infection can be best prevented with bacterin-toxoid mixtures. Typically, sows are vaccinated 4 and 2 wk before farrowing, and the young pigs at 1 and 4 wk of age. However, vaccination schedules recommended by the manufacturer should be followed.

When atrophic rhinitis rises to an unacceptable level in a herd, control measures are usually strategic: chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, temporary closure of the herd to introduction of new pigs, and improved management (eg, better ventilation and hygiene, less dusty feed). Chemoprophylaxis usually includes administration of antibacterial drugs to all sows, particularly before farrowing, as well as programs of repeated medications for newborn piglets and sometimes for newly weaned pigs. Medication of weaner and grower rations, and sometimes sow rations, is often helpful. Drugs commonly used are ceftiofur, sulfonamides, tylosin, and tetracyclines. Bacterins against toxigenic P multocida and B bronchiseptica have been developed. Both toxoid vaccines and bacterin-toxoid mixtures are available against P multocida; although both give satisfactory results in most herds, infection can be best prevented with bacterin-toxoid mixtures. Typically, sows are vaccinated 4 and 2 wk before farrowing, and the young pigs at 1 and 4 wk of age. However, vaccination schedules recommended by the manufacturer should be followed.

Control
Safe and effective vaccines are available and are very cheap. Considering the high risk of Erysipelas to pigs, particularly in straw based, and back yard outdoor systems, it is an essential component of any health programme to vaccinate all breeding stock (gilts, sows and boars) to prevent the disease. A primary 2 dose course, with appropriate interval, should be followed by boosters for sows every parity and every 6 months for boars. Sow boosters are often given at weaning although protection of the offspring up to 8 - 10 weeks of age can better be achieved by vaccinating 2 - 3 weeks before farrowing. For sows, vaccines are available in combination with other pathogens. In rare cases the strain involved may not be covered by a commercial vaccine in which case if the problem persists in a herd an autogenous vaccine may be required produced under special licence using the specific farm isolate. In high-risk situations, vaccination of young stock from 6 weeks of age (either with a single dose or, if necessary, a 2 dose course) can be applied. The key to preventing Erysipelas arthritis rests in limiting exposure to the organism, which can come from several sources (i.e. birds, mice and other pigs). Bird scarers, bird netting, proximity of birds of prey and coverage of feed hoppers etc will all reduce the chances that feed will become contaminated with bird faeces. Likewise, a vigorous rodent control programme is essential. (

Erysipelas | The Pig Site Erysipelas
Erysipelas
Background and history
Clinical signs
Sows
Boars
The important effects of erysipelas on reproductive failure
Weaners and growers
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
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 Sudden changes in diet. Common in straw based systems. Diets that contain fungal toxins (mycotoxins) particularly aflatoxin. Heavy parasite burdens or low levels of coccidia that allow the bacteria to enter through the damaged wall of the intestine. The purchase of non-vaccinated boars or gilts. Virus infections particularly PRRS and SI. Prevention
If a boar is ill with a temperature and shows skin lesions, treat immediately and do not use for mating for a minimum period of four weeks. Alternatively, cross mate with boars that have no disease history or use AI. Vaccinate all gilts and young boars twice, two to four weeks apart (according to manufacturer's instructions) from 14 weeks of age. In herds where there is a high challenge it may be necessary to re-vaccinate gilts and boars so that a third dose of vaccine is given two months after the second often when the breeding animals arrive on the farm.

Erysipelas | The Pig Site

Sudden changes in diet. Common in straw based systems. Diets that contain fungal toxins (mycotoxins) particularly aflatoxin. Heavy parasite burdens or low levels of coccidia that allow the bacteria to enter through the damaged wall of the intestine. The purchase of non-vaccinated boars or gilts. Virus infections particularly PRRS and SI. Prevention
If a boar is ill with a temperature and shows skin lesions, treat immediately and do not use for mating for a minimum period of four weeks. Alternatively, cross mate with boars that have no disease history or use AI. Vaccinate all gilts and young boars twice, two to four weeks apart (according to manufacturer's instructions) from 14 weeks of age. In herds where there is a high challenge it may be necessary to re-vaccinate gilts and boars so that a third dose of vaccine is given two months after the second often when the breeding animals arrive on the farm.

FarrowSure GOLD B for Animal Use - Drugs.com FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
Parvovirus Vaccine
Killed Virus
Directions For Use
Precautions
 Additionally, duration-of-immunity studies demonstrated that FarrowSure GOLD B protected pigs against E. rhusiopathiae challenge 18 weeks after the second vaccination. Directions For Use
General Directions: Shake well. Aseptically administer 2 mL intramuscularly. Primary Vaccination: Healthy swine should receive 2 doses 3-5 weeks apart with the second dose administered 2-4 weeks prior to breeding. Healthy gilts, however, should receive the second dose as near as possible to 14 days prior to breeding. Revaccination: Revaccination with a single dose is recommended prior to subsequent breedings. Boars should be revaccinated semiannually.

FarrowSure GOLD B for Animal Use - Drugs.com

FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
Parvovirus Vaccine
Killed Virus
Directions For Use
Precautions

Additionally, duration-of-immunity studies demonstrated that FarrowSure GOLD B protected pigs against E. rhusiopathiae challenge 18 weeks after the second vaccination. Directions For Use
General Directions: Shake well. Aseptically administer 2 mL intramuscularly. Primary Vaccination: Healthy swine should receive 2 doses 3-5 weeks apart with the second dose administered 2-4 weeks prior to breeding. Healthy gilts, however, should receive the second dose as near as possible to 14 days prior to breeding. Revaccination: Revaccination with a single dose is recommended prior to subsequent breedings. Boars should be revaccinated semiannually.

Pig Vaccinations/Parasite Control - PAL (Pig Advocates League) Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
Diatomaceous Earth
 Pig Vaccinations/Parasite Control - PAL (Pig Advocates League)
Photo credit: globalnews.com
Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
The choice to vaccinate or not may not be yours to make. Some cities require vaccinations in order to be in compliance with zoning restrictions, so be sure you check yours before making the decision not to vaccinate your pig. These vaccinations do not typically eliminate the risk completely of your pig contracting these diseases, but they significantly decrease the chances. Erysipelas, for example, has 22 strains, pigs are susceptible to 15 of them and the 3 most common have a vaccination that can be given. That leaves 12 strains that your pig could potentially contract. Vaccinations for different illnesses and diseases have been around for years, we vaccinate our children so if exposed to a potentially life altering disease, they're protected. This is the same reason we vaccinate pigs, to protect them from contracting life altering/threatening diseases. Parasite control, however, needs to be included at the very least, every 6 months. Ivermectin and Fenbendazole
Pigs can and do get parasites, including worms.

Pig Vaccinations/Parasite Control - PAL (Pig Advocates League)
Photo credit: globalnews.com
Vaccinations/Anti-Parasite Control
The choice to vaccinate or not may not be yours to make. Some cities require vaccinations in order to be in compliance with zoning restrictions, so be sure you check yours before making the decision not to vaccinate your pig. These vaccinations do not typically eliminate the risk completely of your pig contracting these diseases, but they significantly decrease the chances. Erysipelas, for example, has 22 strains, pigs are susceptible to 15 of them and the 3 most common have a vaccination that can be given. That leaves 12 strains that your pig could potentially contract. Vaccinations for different illnesses and diseases have been around for years, we vaccinate our children so if exposed to a potentially life altering disease, they're protected. This is the same reason we vaccinate pigs, to protect them from contracting life altering/threatening diseases. Parasite control, however, needs to be included at the very least, every 6 months. Ivermectin and Fenbendazole
Pigs can and do get parasites, including worms.

Pseudorabies in Pigs - Nervous System - Merck Veterinary Manual Pseudorabies in Pigs
Pseudorabies in Pigs
(Aujeszky Disease, Mad Itch)
Etiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Findings and Pathogenesis
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Key Points
Was This Page Helpful?
 In contrast, infection with field virus results in antibodies against these proteins. Colostral antibodies to pseudorabies virus may be present until pigs are 4 months old (similar to porcine parvovirus). Therefore, paired samples or serologic profiles may be necessary in grower and finisher pigs to assess decreasing levels of maternal antibody and to ensure that pigs are vaccinated at the appropriate time. Treatment and Control
No specific treatment, but highly effective vaccines are available
Although there is no specific treatment for acute infection with pseudorabies virus, vaccination can alleviate clinical signs in pigs of certain ages. Typically, mass vaccination of all pigs on the farm with a modified-live virus vaccine is recommended. Intranasal vaccination of sows and neonatal piglets 1–7 days old, followed by IM vaccination of all other swine on the premises, helps reduce viral shedding and improve survival. The modified-live virus replicates at the site of injection and in regional lymph nodes. Vaccine virus is shed in such low levels that mucous transmission to other animals is minimal. In gene-deleted vaccines, the thymidine kinase gene has also been deleted; thus, the virus cannot infect and replicate in neurons.

In contrast, infection with field virus results in antibodies against these proteins. Colostral antibodies to pseudorabies virus may be present until pigs are 4 months old (similar to porcine parvovirus). Therefore, paired samples or serologic profiles may be necessary in grower and finisher pigs to assess decreasing levels of maternal antibody and to ensure that pigs are vaccinated at the appropriate time. Treatment and Control
No specific treatment, but highly effective vaccines are available
Although there is no specific treatment for acute infection with pseudorabies virus, vaccination can alleviate clinical signs in pigs of certain ages. Typically, mass vaccination of all pigs on the farm with a modified-live virus vaccine is recommended. Intranasal vaccination of sows and neonatal piglets 1–7 days old, followed by IM vaccination of all other swine on the premises, helps reduce viral shedding and improve survival. The modified-live virus replicates at the site of injection and in regional lymph nodes. Vaccine virus is shed in such low levels that mucous transmission to other animals is minimal. In gene-deleted vaccines, the thymidine kinase gene has also been deleted; thus, the virus cannot infect and replicate in neurons.

Parvovirus | Iowa State University Parvovirus
Parvovirus
Definition
Occurrence
Historical information
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control
 It is possible but rarely practiced, to isolate the virus and identify it by hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Virus isolation usually is more difficult and time consuming than diagnosis through demonstration of viral antigen in fetal cells. Sometimes antibody can be demonstrated in fluids or sera from stillborn pigs or presuckle neonatal live pigs. While this may indicate intrauterine infection with PPV, there is considerable likelihood of false positive serologic reaction from these specimens. Serology from breeding animals may be difficult to interpret since cross-sectional sampling will often reveal a wide range of titers. Demonstration of seroconversion in many gilts and sows with paired serology also may be used for a positive diagnosis but acute samples are often not available. Conversely, the absence of titers may aid in exclusion of PPV as the cause. If mummies are not available for evaluation, efforts should concentrate on gilt serology, comparing titers from unmated gilts to those exhibiting signs of infertility. Control
Probably the best way to prevent PPV infection is to vaccinate all susceptible breeding stock twice, 2 weeks apart, several weeks before breeding. Killed vaccines are available and effective.

Parvovirus | Iowa State University

Parvovirus
Parvovirus
Definition
Occurrence
Historical information
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control

It is possible but rarely practiced, to isolate the virus and identify it by hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Virus isolation usually is more difficult and time consuming than diagnosis through demonstration of viral antigen in fetal cells. Sometimes antibody can be demonstrated in fluids or sera from stillborn pigs or presuckle neonatal live pigs. While this may indicate intrauterine infection with PPV, there is considerable likelihood of false positive serologic reaction from these specimens. Serology from breeding animals may be difficult to interpret since cross-sectional sampling will often reveal a wide range of titers. Demonstration of seroconversion in many gilts and sows with paired serology also may be used for a positive diagnosis but acute samples are often not available. Conversely, the absence of titers may aid in exclusion of PPV as the cause. If mummies are not available for evaluation, efforts should concentrate on gilt serology, comparing titers from unmated gilts to those exhibiting signs of infertility. Control
Probably the best way to prevent PPV infection is to vaccinate all susceptible breeding stock twice, 2 weeks apart, several weeks before breeding. Killed vaccines are available and effective.

Torremorell M. 1995;4:139-143. Vaccination against S suis Vaccination against
Streptococcus suis
:
Effect on nursery mortality

Field study
Vaccination against Streptococcus suis:
Effect on nursery mortality
Montserrat Torremorell, DVM; Carlos Pijoan, DVM, PhD; Emilio Trigo, DVM, PhD
Summary
Material and methods
Herd history and clinical evaluation
Field vaccine trial
Statistical analysis
Posttrial vaccination protocols
Results
Discussion
Implications
References
 Summary
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of selected vaccines and administration routes on mortality of nursery pigs due to Streptococcus suis. Methods: A field trial was conducted on one group of nursery pigs  (N=330). Pigs were randomly allocated to one of four groups that each received one of the following treatments at weaning: an experimental autogenous vaccine administered intramuscularly (IM) (n=90); a standard autogenous vaccine administered IM (n=90); a commercial bacterin, administered intraperitoneally  (IP) (n=60); or no vaccine (n=90). Nursery mortality was monitored from the start of the trial (18 days of age) until the end of the nursery period  (9 weeks of age).

Summary
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of selected vaccines and administration routes on mortality of nursery pigs due to Streptococcus suis. Methods: A field trial was conducted on one group of nursery pigs  (N=330). Pigs were randomly allocated to one of four groups that each received one of the following treatments at weaning: an experimental autogenous vaccine administered intramuscularly (IM) (n=90); a standard autogenous vaccine administered IM (n=90); a commercial bacterin, administered intraperitoneally  (IP) (n=60); or no vaccine (n=90). Nursery mortality was monitored from the start of the trial (18 days of age) until the end of the nursery period  (9 weeks of age).

Posttrial vaccination protocols
Following this controlled trial, the producer adopted a new vaccination protocol that was designed to boost the immune response and protect pigs with different levels of maternal immunity. Starting in late November 1995, piglets were vaccinated with the commercial bacterin IP at 5 days of age, revaccinated IP at weaning (15 days of age), and revaccinated again 10 days later IM. This program was followed in the herd for 6 months. A TGEV outbreak in March 1996 convinced the producer to begin attempts to determine the causes of nursery pig mortality. Thus, after March 1996, the herd records differentiated between total mortality data of pigs and mortality that could be directly attributed to S. suis ( i.e., pigs that exhibited obvious CNS distress, ataxia, tremors, and paddling). In May 1996, the producer decided to adopt a sow vaccination protocol, which was less expensive, less time consuming, and easier to implement. Sows were vaccinated IM with the commercial bacterin at approximately days 77 and 98 of gestation. Piglets were followed during the nursery stage, and mortality rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this protocol. This protocol was still in use at the time of this report. Results
Pigs that received the experimental autogenous vaccine tended to have lower morbidity/mortality ( P <.1) than pigs in the other groups  ( Figure 2 ).

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices? Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?
 Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices? Menu
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Home > Library > 4-H & Youth Development > Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
By: Bruce Lawhorn
Show pigs can bring many disease organisms into a farm and spread them to other swine. However, there are things you can do to prevent yours from contracting and spreading diseases. These are some precautions: Taking care that the show pigs are healthy when they arrive on the farm
Using isolation practices to prevent disease
Using good health management practices
Providing plenty of fresh, clean water
Changing rations slowly
Providing rations containing medication to prevent specific diseases that kill or cripple pigs
Taking special care during and after surgeries
Understanding disease risks within a well-managed farm
Vaccinating to prevent serious diseases
Deworming the pigs routinely
Having sick pigs promptly diagnosed and treated
Using prescribed drugs properly
Starting with Healthy Pigs
To prevent disease outbreaks in show pigs, start by preparing before you produce or buy them. Pigs should be very healthy if they are farrowed at one location, are never exposed to other swine and are fed at that location until the exhibition. When buying show pigs, it is best to buy them directly from one farm of origin that has a history of excellent herd health. You may house the pigs together if you bought them all from one farm of origin unless they are fighting too much (a common cause of lameness) or need to be fed different rations.

 If calves have received colostrum from vaccinated cows, their first vaccination should not be until they are 8 weeks old. Otherwise calves can be vaccinated at any age. A booster vaccination 4 weeks later is required to ensure adequate immunity. Rotovec Corona
Pregnant cows are vaccinated to provide protection to calves via colostrum against E.coli, Rotavirus and Coronavirus scours. Cows are given one injection about 3-4 weeks pre-calving. Bovilis BVD
This vaccine should be given to cows from 4 months age and over. It protects against the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus in both cows and their foetus. Cows should be given two vaccinations 4 weeks apart initially, then annual boosters approximately 4 weeks before mating. Hiprabovis
In calves, this vaccine helps to control respiratory conditions produced by IBR virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis), PI-3 virus (Parainfluenza-3) and the BVD virus (Bovine Viral Diarrhoea). In cows, it controls reproductive conditions produced by IBR/IPV virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis), as well as the BVD virus.

If calves have received colostrum from vaccinated cows, their first vaccination should not be until they are 8 weeks old. Otherwise calves can be vaccinated at any age. A booster vaccination 4 weeks later is required to ensure adequate immunity. Rotovec Corona
Pregnant cows are vaccinated to provide protection to calves via colostrum against E.coli, Rotavirus and Coronavirus scours. Cows are given one injection about 3-4 weeks pre-calving. Bovilis BVD
This vaccine should be given to cows from 4 months age and over. It protects against the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus in both cows and their foetus. Cows should be given two vaccinations 4 weeks apart initially, then annual boosters approximately 4 weeks before mating. Hiprabovis
In calves, this vaccine helps to control respiratory conditions produced by IBR virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis), PI-3 virus (Parainfluenza-3) and the BVD virus (Bovine Viral Diarrhoea). In cows, it controls reproductive conditions produced by IBR/IPV virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis), as well as the BVD virus.

Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease) | Iowa State University Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease)
Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease)
Definition
Occurrence
Historical information
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control
 For that reason, sick animals should be treated promptly and parenterally with an appropriate antimicrobial. H. parasuis is sensitive to many antibiotics and sulfonamides but the sensitivity pattern of isolates from individual farms may vary over time so periodic evaluation of antibiograms is warranted. If numerous pigs are affected, it may be advisable to mass medicate, through the water, all pigs in the affected age group. Prevention may involve management modifications, sound husbandry, control of primary diseases such as PRRSV, prophylactic antimicrobials, or vaccination. Since H. parasuis colonizes relatively early in the piglets’ life (less than 10 days of age), segregated rearing has not been uniformly successful in preventing infection or disease. Acclimatization and vaccination of breeding stock has been of some benefit. Minimizing stressors associated with weaning and the nursery environment should be emphasized. Formalin-killed bacterins are available and can be effective for prophylaxis. Unfortunately, protection against one serovar of H. parasuis may not assure good protection against all serovars. Limited research suggests that piglets from dams that have been vaccinated against H. parasuis prior to farrowing, or piglets vaccinated when one to three weeks old, have considerable resistance to disease caused by the same serovar.

For that reason, sick animals should be treated promptly and parenterally with an appropriate antimicrobial. H. parasuis is sensitive to many antibiotics and sulfonamides but the sensitivity pattern of isolates from individual farms may vary over time so periodic evaluation of antibiograms is warranted. If numerous pigs are affected, it may be advisable to mass medicate, through the water, all pigs in the affected age group. Prevention may involve management modifications, sound husbandry, control of primary diseases such as PRRSV, prophylactic antimicrobials, or vaccination. Since H. parasuis colonizes relatively early in the piglets’ life (less than 10 days of age), segregated rearing has not been uniformly successful in preventing infection or disease. Acclimatization and vaccination of breeding stock has been of some benefit. Minimizing stressors associated with weaning and the nursery environment should be emphasized. Formalin-killed bacterins are available and can be effective for prophylaxis. Unfortunately, protection against one serovar of H. parasuis may not assure good protection against all serovars. Limited research suggests that piglets from dams that have been vaccinated against H. parasuis prior to farrowing, or piglets vaccinated when one to three weeks old, have considerable resistance to disease caused by the same serovar.

Injecting pigs the correct way Injecting pigs the correct way
Injecting pigs the correct way
How to deal with aggression in pigs
 Photo: FW Archive
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Piglets kept in concrete pens often need iron injections in their first few days. Backyard pigs should be annually vaccinated against diamond skin disease and injected with Ivomectin to control internal parasites and mange. Sick pigs may need antibiotic injections, but it is better to leave this to a vet. For vaccinating adult or weanling pigs, use a 5ml syringe and a short 19- or 20-gauge needle. For unweaned pigs, use a short 21-gauge needle. - Advertisement -
To avoid transferring diseases, always use a sterile syringe and a different needle for every animal. It is a good idea to take a few extra syringes and needles along; the pig may struggle when it is injected and the syringe can end up in the mud. Read Profit from pigs
A small freezer box is handy for carrying medicines and syringes/needles.

Injecting pigs the correct way

Injecting pigs the correct way
Injecting pigs the correct way
How to deal with aggression in pigs

Photo: FW Archive
- Advertisement -
Piglets kept in concrete pens often need iron injections in their first few days. Backyard pigs should be annually vaccinated against diamond skin disease and injected with Ivomectin to control internal parasites and mange. Sick pigs may need antibiotic injections, but it is better to leave this to a vet. For vaccinating adult or weanling pigs, use a 5ml syringe and a short 19- or 20-gauge needle. For unweaned pigs, use a short 21-gauge needle. - Advertisement -
To avoid transferring diseases, always use a sterile syringe and a different needle for every animal. It is a good idea to take a few extra syringes and needles along; the pig may struggle when it is injected and the syringe can end up in the mud. Read Profit from pigs
A small freezer box is handy for carrying medicines and syringes/needles.

Torremorell M. 1995;4:139-143. Vaccination against S suis Vaccination against
Streptococcus suis
:
Effect on nursery mortality

Field study
Vaccination against Streptococcus suis:
Effect on nursery mortality
Montserrat Torremorell, DVM; Carlos Pijoan, DVM, PhD; Emilio Trigo, DVM, PhD
Summary
Material and methods
Herd history and clinical evaluation
Field vaccine trial
Statistical analysis
Posttrial vaccination protocols
Results
Discussion
Implications
References
 Pigs were vaccinated at weaning and revaccinated 10 days later. Pigs with signs of meningitis and/or arthritis were placed in the sick pen and injected with ampicillin (6-8 mg per kg) or ceftiofur sodium (3-5 mg per kg). Morbidity and mortality rate was monitored from the beginning of the trial (at weaning) until the pigs left the nursery (at 9 weeks of age). Statistical analysis
Differences in morbidity and mortality between groups were statistically analyzed using the c-square test. Groups were considered to be statistically significant at P <.05. Posttrial vaccination protocols
Following this controlled trial, the producer adopted a new vaccination protocol that was designed to boost the immune response and protect pigs with different levels of maternal immunity. Starting in late November 1995, piglets were vaccinated with the commercial bacterin IP at 5 days of age, revaccinated IP at weaning (15 days of age), and revaccinated again 10 days later IM. This program was followed in the herd for 6 months. A TGEV outbreak in March 1996 convinced the producer to begin attempts to determine the causes of nursery pig mortality. Thus, after March 1996, the herd records differentiated between total mortality data of pigs and mortality that could be directly attributed to S. suis ( i.e., pigs that exhibited obvious CNS distress, ataxia, tremors, and paddling).

Pigs were vaccinated at weaning and revaccinated 10 days later. Pigs with signs of meningitis and/or arthritis were placed in the sick pen and injected with ampicillin (6-8 mg per kg) or ceftiofur sodium (3-5 mg per kg). Morbidity and mortality rate was monitored from the beginning of the trial (at weaning) until the pigs left the nursery (at 9 weeks of age). Statistical analysis
Differences in morbidity and mortality between groups were statistically analyzed using the c-square test. Groups were considered to be statistically significant at P <.05. Posttrial vaccination protocols
Following this controlled trial, the producer adopted a new vaccination protocol that was designed to boost the immune response and protect pigs with different levels of maternal immunity. Starting in late November 1995, piglets were vaccinated with the commercial bacterin IP at 5 days of age, revaccinated IP at weaning (15 days of age), and revaccinated again 10 days later IM. This program was followed in the herd for 6 months. A TGEV outbreak in March 1996 convinced the producer to begin attempts to determine the causes of nursery pig mortality. Thus, after March 1996, the herd records differentiated between total mortality data of pigs and mortality that could be directly attributed to S. suis ( i.e., pigs that exhibited obvious CNS distress, ataxia, tremors, and paddling).

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy - What are some good practices? Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?
 To prevent complications such as abscesses, consider utilizing a veterinarian who uses anesthesia for castration, uses an aseptic surgical technique and closes the castration site. Veterinarians also commonly perform other surgeries requiring anesthesia, such as removal of a retained testicle (cryptorchidism), removal of an infected and enlarged urine pocket (preputial diverticulum removal), repair of the scrotal or an umbilical hernia, and removal of tumors. Before a surgeon administers anesthesia to your pigs, you need to understand that properly complying with drug withdrawal times can conflict with future exhibition dates. This is especially true for larger, older pigs. Therefore, always talk to your veterinarian before- hand and cooperatively plan any surgery involving anesthesia to ensure you’re in compliance. Obviously, if you choose a gilt for the exhibition, you can avoid many of the potential problems of barrows
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Even if you use the best management techniques to minimize the exposure of your show pig to disease, the pig’s dam (or sow) can still pass disease-causing bacteria and viruses to each pig in its litter. The piglets can encounter these organisms while they are moving through the birth canal, when they nurse, and while they simply share the same space with the sow before weaning. Harmful bacteria, for example, may be found in the sow’s body secretions. Before and after weaning are also times that pigs can become infected with roundworms, whipworms, mange or lice. Another way they can be exposed to disease-causing organisms is when several litters from the same farm are mixed in the nursery.

Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Keeping Show Pigs Healthy
Starting with Healthy Pigs
Isolating Pigs from the Farm
Following good health management Practices
Using Good Watering and Feeding Practices
Taking Care During and After Surgery
Recognizing Risks on the Farm
Vaccinating to Prevent Serious Diseases
Deworming Healthy Pigs
Diagnosing and Treating Sick Pigs Promptly
Using prescribed Drugs properly
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?

Torremorell M. 1995;4:139-143. Vaccination against S suis Vaccination against
Streptococcus suis
:
Effect on nursery mortality

Field study
Vaccination against Streptococcus suis:
Effect on nursery mortality
Montserrat Torremorell, DVM; Carlos Pijoan, DVM, PhD; Emilio Trigo, DVM, PhD
Summary
Material and methods
Herd history and clinical evaluation
Field vaccine trial
Statistical analysis
Posttrial vaccination protocols
Results
Discussion
Implications
References
 This vaccine had an oilin-water adjuvant  (Imugen (R), Bayer Animal Health, Worthington, Minnesota), adjusted  at 4x10 8 CFU per mL, inactivated with 0.2% formaldehyde, and  administered intraperitoneally (IP). An autogenous vaccine that was commercially prepared with a serotype-2  isolate recovered from brain tissue from the herd 10 months previous to  the trial (n=90). It had an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and was administered  intramuscularly (IM). A commercial bacterin prepared with a serotype-2 strain, oil-in-water  adjuvant, administered IP (manufacturer recommendations suggest IM administration)  (n=60). nonvaccinated controls (n=90). Pigs were vaccinated at weaning and revaccinated 10 days later. Pigs with signs of meningitis and/or arthritis were placed in the sick pen and injected with ampicillin (6-8 mg per kg) or ceftiofur sodium (3-5 mg per kg). Morbidity and mortality rate was monitored from the beginning of the trial (at weaning) until the pigs left the nursery (at 9 weeks of age). Statistical analysis
Differences in morbidity and mortality between groups were statistically analyzed using the c-square test. Groups were considered to be statistically significant at P <.05.

This vaccine had an oilin-water adjuvant  (Imugen (R), Bayer Animal Health, Worthington, Minnesota), adjusted  at 4x10 8 CFU per mL, inactivated with 0.2% formaldehyde, and  administered intraperitoneally (IP). An autogenous vaccine that was commercially prepared with a serotype-2  isolate recovered from brain tissue from the herd 10 months previous to  the trial (n=90). It had an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and was administered  intramuscularly (IM). A commercial bacterin prepared with a serotype-2 strain, oil-in-water  adjuvant, administered IP (manufacturer recommendations suggest IM administration)  (n=60). nonvaccinated controls (n=90). Pigs were vaccinated at weaning and revaccinated 10 days later. Pigs with signs of meningitis and/or arthritis were placed in the sick pen and injected with ampicillin (6-8 mg per kg) or ceftiofur sodium (3-5 mg per kg). Morbidity and mortality rate was monitored from the beginning of the trial (at weaning) until the pigs left the nursery (at 9 weeks of age). Statistical analysis
Differences in morbidity and mortality between groups were statistically analyzed using the c-square test. Groups were considered to be statistically significant at P <.05.

Feeding Show Pigs & Show Pig Nutrition | Purina Animal Nutrition Feeding Show Pigs: Basic Show Pig Nutrition
Feeding Show Pigs: Basic Show Pig Nutrition
Water
Environment
Quality show pig feed
Receiving pigs
Feeding show pigs oat groats
Showpig feeding methods
Have a plan
 Injectable antibiotics are appropriate (consult your local veterinarian). Water soluble medication is also applicable. HONOR ® Show FIRST WEAN™ 319 or 519 pig feed, medicated with 35 grams/ton Denagard ® is a very good choice for receiving pigs. This medication offers support for respiratory health and the gut immune system. Remember that muscle is protein, and protein is comprised of amino acids. So, one strategy would be if you purchase a pig that is moderate to light muscled, you probably should look at feeding a 20% crude protein such as HONOR ® Show FIRST WEAN™ 519 pig feed until the pig weighs at least 75 lbs. If the pig you have purchased is heavily muscled, you may want to feed a lower crude protein feed, such HONOR ® Show MUSCLE & FILL™ 719 or MUSCLE & COVER™ 819 early on to help the pig from developing “too much” muscle, and therefore becoming tight moving. For very heavily muscled showpigs, the HONOR ® Show MUSCLE & COVER™ 819 pig feed is a great option, once the pig reaches about 70 lbs. in bodyweight. Also remember that every metabolic process has a caloric cost.

Feeding Show Pigs & Show Pig Nutrition | Purina Animal Nutrition

Feeding Show Pigs: Basic Show Pig Nutrition
Feeding Show Pigs: Basic Show Pig Nutrition
Water
Environment
Quality show pig feed
Receiving pigs
Feeding show pigs oat groats
Showpig feeding methods
Have a plan

Injectable antibiotics are appropriate (consult your local veterinarian). Water soluble medication is also applicable. HONOR ® Show FIRST WEAN™ 319 or 519 pig feed, medicated with 35 grams/ton Denagard ® is a very good choice for receiving pigs. This medication offers support for respiratory health and the gut immune system. Remember that muscle is protein, and protein is comprised of amino acids. So, one strategy would be if you purchase a pig that is moderate to light muscled, you probably should look at feeding a 20% crude protein such as HONOR ® Show FIRST WEAN™ 519 pig feed until the pig weighs at least 75 lbs. If the pig you have purchased is heavily muscled, you may want to feed a lower crude protein feed, such HONOR ® Show MUSCLE & FILL™ 719 or MUSCLE & COVER™ 819 early on to help the pig from developing “too much” muscle, and therefore becoming tight moving. For very heavily muscled showpigs, the HONOR ® Show MUSCLE & COVER™ 819 pig feed is a great option, once the pig reaches about 70 lbs. in bodyweight. Also remember that every metabolic process has a caloric cost.

Torremorell M. 1995;4:139-143. Vaccination against S suis Vaccination against
Streptococcus suis
:
Effect on nursery mortality

Field study
Vaccination against Streptococcus suis:
Effect on nursery mortality
Montserrat Torremorell, DVM; Carlos Pijoan, DVM, PhD; Emilio Trigo, DVM, PhD
Summary
Material and methods
Herd history and clinical evaluation
Field vaccine trial
Statistical analysis
Posttrial vaccination protocols
Results
Discussion
Implications
References
 One weekly group (330 pigs) of 15-day-old pigs was randomly distributed into four experimental groups, and allocated to a 12-pen room at weaning. Each pen housed 30 pigs, with one empty pen used as a sick pen. All pigs were housed in the same room, but pens had solid partitions between them and no pigs were moved other than to house them in the sick pen at one end of the same room. Each treatment group (three pens of 30 pigs each) received one of the following treatments: An experimental autogenous vaccine prepared in our laboratory using  the S. suis serotype 2 isolated from the brain of a neurologically  affected pig in the herd (n=90). This vaccine had an oilin-water adjuvant  (Imugen (R), Bayer Animal Health, Worthington, Minnesota), adjusted  at 4x10 8 CFU per mL, inactivated with 0.2% formaldehyde, and  administered intraperitoneally (IP). An autogenous vaccine that was commercially prepared with a serotype-2  isolate recovered from brain tissue from the herd 10 months previous to  the trial (n=90). It had an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and was administered  intramuscularly (IM). A commercial bacterin prepared with a serotype-2 strain, oil-in-water  adjuvant, administered IP (manufacturer recommendations suggest IM administration)  (n=60). nonvaccinated controls (n=90).

One weekly group (330 pigs) of 15-day-old pigs was randomly distributed into four experimental groups, and allocated to a 12-pen room at weaning. Each pen housed 30 pigs, with one empty pen used as a sick pen. All pigs were housed in the same room, but pens had solid partitions between them and no pigs were moved other than to house them in the sick pen at one end of the same room. Each treatment group (three pens of 30 pigs each) received one of the following treatments: An experimental autogenous vaccine prepared in our laboratory using  the S. suis serotype 2 isolated from the brain of a neurologically  affected pig in the herd (n=90). This vaccine had an oilin-water adjuvant  (Imugen (R), Bayer Animal Health, Worthington, Minnesota), adjusted  at 4x10 8 CFU per mL, inactivated with 0.2% formaldehyde, and  administered intraperitoneally (IP). An autogenous vaccine that was commercially prepared with a serotype-2  isolate recovered from brain tissue from the herd 10 months previous to  the trial (n=90). It had an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and was administered  intramuscularly (IM). A commercial bacterin prepared with a serotype-2 strain, oil-in-water  adjuvant, administered IP (manufacturer recommendations suggest IM administration)  (n=60). nonvaccinated controls (n=90).

Mastitis | The Pig Site Mastitis
Mastitis
Background and history
Coliform mastitis
Staphylococcal and streptococcal mastitis
Miscellaneous bacteria
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Rate of PCV2 recombination not widely recognized
Internal biosecurity essential to endemic disease control on pig farms
Microalgae potential to mop up waste in meat processing
 framycetin, tylosin, enrofloxacin and ceftiofur. If the sow is toxic an injection of flunixin could be given. Corticosteroids may also be prescribed. In severe outbreaks the sow can be injected 12 hours prior to farrowing with an appropriate long-acting injection. If sever ulceration on the udder, the animal should be culled. Latest articles
Rate of PCV2 recombination not widely recognized
20 May 2021 Sponsored
An interview with Meggan Bandrick, DVM, PhD Associate, Director Global Biologics Research, Zoetis
Internal biosecurity essential to endemic disease control on pig farms
19 May 2021
Establishing effective internal biosecurity protocols is critical to breaking the circular spread of influenza and other…
Microalgae potential to mop up waste in meat processing
19 May 2021
Ambitious research is underway to clean abattoir wastewater and convert into useable products

Mastitis | The Pig Site

Mastitis
Mastitis
Background and history
Coliform mastitis
Staphylococcal and streptococcal mastitis
Miscellaneous bacteria
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Rate of PCV2 recombination not widely recognized
Internal biosecurity essential to endemic disease control on pig farms
Microalgae potential to mop up waste in meat processing

framycetin, tylosin, enrofloxacin and ceftiofur. If the sow is toxic an injection of flunixin could be given. Corticosteroids may also be prescribed. In severe outbreaks the sow can be injected 12 hours prior to farrowing with an appropriate long-acting injection. If sever ulceration on the udder, the animal should be culled. Latest articles
Rate of PCV2 recombination not widely recognized
20 May 2021 Sponsored
An interview with Meggan Bandrick, DVM, PhD Associate, Director Global Biologics Research, Zoetis
Internal biosecurity essential to endemic disease control on pig farms
19 May 2021
Establishing effective internal biosecurity protocols is critical to breaking the circular spread of influenza and other…
Microalgae potential to mop up waste in meat processing
19 May 2021
Ambitious research is underway to clean abattoir wastewater and convert into useable products

Feeding Show Pigs & Show Pig Nutrition | Purina Animal Nutrition Feeding Show Pigs: Basic Show Pig Nutrition
Feeding Show Pigs: Basic Show Pig Nutrition
Water
Environment
Quality show pig feed
Receiving pigs
Feeding show pigs oat groats
Showpig feeding methods
Have a plan
 A great feed will do only so much for poor genetic potential. However, a poor-quality feed can ruin great genetics. Receiving pigs
If you purchase a pig (s) from a pig sale, consider medicating the pig for at least 14 days after purchase. When pigs are placed in the same air space as other pigs with a differing immune status the result can have serious consequences, if not properly addressed. Feeds medicated with Carbadox or Denagard ®, are appropriate for receiving young newly purchased pigs. Injectable antibiotics are appropriate (consult your local veterinarian). Water soluble medication is also applicable. HONOR ® Show FIRST WEAN™ 319 or 519 pig feed, medicated with 35 grams/ton Denagard ® is a very good choice for receiving pigs. This medication offers support for respiratory health and the gut immune system. Remember that muscle is protein, and protein is comprised of amino acids.

A great feed will do only so much for poor genetic potential. However, a poor-quality feed can ruin great genetics. Receiving pigs
If you purchase a pig (s) from a pig sale, consider medicating the pig for at least 14 days after purchase. When pigs are placed in the same air space as other pigs with a differing immune status the result can have serious consequences, if not properly addressed. Feeds medicated with Carbadox or Denagard ®, are appropriate for receiving young newly purchased pigs. Injectable antibiotics are appropriate (consult your local veterinarian). Water soluble medication is also applicable. HONOR ® Show FIRST WEAN™ 319 or 519 pig feed, medicated with 35 grams/ton Denagard ® is a very good choice for receiving pigs. This medication offers support for respiratory health and the gut immune system. Remember that muscle is protein, and protein is comprised of amino acids.

 Bovilis BVD
This vaccine should be given to cows from 4 months age and over. It protects against the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus in both cows and their foetus. Cows should be given two vaccinations 4 weeks apart initially, then annual boosters approximately 4 weeks before mating. Hiprabovis
In calves, this vaccine helps to control respiratory conditions produced by IBR virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis), PI-3 virus (Parainfluenza-3) and the BVD virus (Bovine Viral Diarrhoea). In cows, it controls reproductive conditions produced by IBR/IPV virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis), as well as the BVD virus. These conditions may be seen as return to heat, abortions or embryo resorption. Initial vaccination of calves should be done at 4months of age or older. A booster is required 3 weeks later. Unvaccinated cattle and heifers also require a booster 3 weeks after the initial injection and one month before mating. Boosters should then be done annually, one month before mating.

Bovilis BVD
This vaccine should be given to cows from 4 months age and over. It protects against the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus in both cows and their foetus. Cows should be given two vaccinations 4 weeks apart initially, then annual boosters approximately 4 weeks before mating. Hiprabovis
In calves, this vaccine helps to control respiratory conditions produced by IBR virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis), PI-3 virus (Parainfluenza-3) and the BVD virus (Bovine Viral Diarrhoea). In cows, it controls reproductive conditions produced by IBR/IPV virus (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis), as well as the BVD virus. These conditions may be seen as return to heat, abortions or embryo resorption. Initial vaccination of calves should be done at 4months of age or older. A booster is required 3 weeks later. Unvaccinated cattle and heifers also require a booster 3 weeks after the initial injection and one month before mating. Boosters should then be done annually, one month before mating.

Goat Vaccination Program – Goats Goat Vaccination Program
Goat Vaccination Program
Recommended Vaccination
Optional Vaccinations
 Prevention for some abortive diseases can be provided through antibiotics such as chlortetracycline, or CTC added to the feed for several weeks prior to birthing. A veterinarian should be consulted for proper doses and timing. For pneumonia, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida vaccines are available and labeled for goats, sheep, and cattle. Follow label directions. Generally, after 3 months of age, inject 2 cc subcutaneously and repeat in two to four weeks. If given earlier than 3 months, animals should be re-vaccinated at 4-6 months of age). Again, a veterinarian, local extension staff and neighboring producers can help determine if the vaccinations for these optional diseases are needed. Information primarily provided by Dr. Niki Whitley,The Cooperative Extension Program at North Carolina A&T State University.

Goat Vaccination Program – Goats

Goat Vaccination Program
Goat Vaccination Program
Recommended Vaccination
Optional Vaccinations

Prevention for some abortive diseases can be provided through antibiotics such as chlortetracycline, or CTC added to the feed for several weeks prior to birthing. A veterinarian should be consulted for proper doses and timing. For pneumonia, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida vaccines are available and labeled for goats, sheep, and cattle. Follow label directions. Generally, after 3 months of age, inject 2 cc subcutaneously and repeat in two to four weeks. If given earlier than 3 months, animals should be re-vaccinated at 4-6 months of age). Again, a veterinarian, local extension staff and neighboring producers can help determine if the vaccinations for these optional diseases are needed. Information primarily provided by Dr. Niki Whitley,The Cooperative Extension Program at North Carolina A&T State University.

Raising Piglets - Off to a Successful Start - Countryside Raising Piglets – Off to a Successful Start
Raising Piglets – Off to a Successful Start
Are You and Your Sow Ready for Farrowing Pigs?
When to Intervene While Raising Piglets
What About a Runt Piglet?
What to do the First Day
Heat Lamps and Chilling
Behavior
 If you are going to castrate, do it as soon as possible. The young piglets will do better if it is carried out early and quickly. Iron Injections – The sow’s milk is the perfect food for the piglets but it is not a complete diet. The milk lacks iron and often piglets will become anemic. Giving a 1 cc injection of iron on day one and another at two weeks of age will prevent anemia in most cases. Antibiotics – As a preventative, many farmers will give a small amount of antibiotics by injection soon after birth. Doing this can stop any navel infections or infected wounds in the piglets. If you are planning on raising piglets without pharmaceuticals, do some research on natural herbs and herbal sprays that are safe for use with piglets. Heat Lamps and Chilling
Piglets are largely hairless and susceptible to chilling. Using floor warming pads or heat lamps can help with this.

Raising Piglets - Off to a Successful Start - Countryside

Raising Piglets – Off to a Successful Start
Raising Piglets – Off to a Successful Start
Are You and Your Sow Ready for Farrowing Pigs?
When to Intervene While Raising Piglets
What About a Runt Piglet?
What to do the First Day
Heat Lamps and Chilling
Behavior

If you are going to castrate, do it as soon as possible. The young piglets will do better if it is carried out early and quickly. Iron Injections – The sow’s milk is the perfect food for the piglets but it is not a complete diet. The milk lacks iron and often piglets will become anemic. Giving a 1 cc injection of iron on day one and another at two weeks of age will prevent anemia in most cases. Antibiotics – As a preventative, many farmers will give a small amount of antibiotics by injection soon after birth. Doing this can stop any navel infections or infected wounds in the piglets. If you are planning on raising piglets without pharmaceuticals, do some research on natural herbs and herbal sprays that are safe for use with piglets. Heat Lamps and Chilling
Piglets are largely hairless and susceptible to chilling. Using floor warming pads or heat lamps can help with this.

What Is the CDT Vaccine and Why Is It Important for Sheep and Goats? What Is the CDT Vaccine and Why Is It Important for Sheep and Goats?
What Is the CDT Vaccine and Why Is It Important for Sheep and Goats?
What is the CDT Vaccine?
What Can Happen If You Don’t Give the CDT Vaccine?
When to Give the CDT Vaccine
Tips for Administering the CDT Vaccine
1. Administering the Shot
2. Storing the Vaccine
3. Timing the Vaccine
4. Other Vaccinations
The CDT Vaccine Can Protect Your Flock
Was this article helpful?
 3. Timing the Vaccine
Remember to vaccinate ewes and does about thirty days before lambing. This will provide adequate protection to the young via colostrum . If you purchased bottle lambs or kids and aren’t sure if they were vaccinated – or you don’t know if they received adequate colostrum – you can still vaccinate. Make sure you vaccinate by 21 days of age and then give a booster four weeks later. Make a note in your homestead journal and calendar when you vaccinated which group, so that you can keep up with annual repeats and booster shots. 4. Other Vaccinations
There are other vaccinations you might consider using, too, but CDT is the only one all vets recommend. Some of the other optional vaccinations include: Caseous lymphadenitis vaccines
Sore mouth vaccine (this is a live vaccine that should only be used if animals have a sore mouth infection, or it can infect your other animals)
Rabies (usually only administered by veterinarians)
Footrot and foot scald vaccines (sheep and cattle only)
Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida
Ask a vet if these vaccines are necessary where you live.

What Is the CDT Vaccine and Why Is It Important for Sheep and Goats?

What Is the CDT Vaccine and Why Is It Important for Sheep and Goats?
What Is the CDT Vaccine and Why Is It Important for Sheep and Goats?
What is the CDT Vaccine?
What Can Happen If You Don’t Give the CDT Vaccine?
When to Give the CDT Vaccine
Tips for Administering the CDT Vaccine
1. Administering the Shot
2. Storing the Vaccine
3. Timing the Vaccine
4. Other Vaccinations
The CDT Vaccine Can Protect Your Flock
Was this article helpful?

3. Timing the Vaccine
Remember to vaccinate ewes and does about thirty days before lambing. This will provide adequate protection to the young via colostrum . If you purchased bottle lambs or kids and aren’t sure if they were vaccinated – or you don’t know if they received adequate colostrum – you can still vaccinate. Make sure you vaccinate by 21 days of age and then give a booster four weeks later. Make a note in your homestead journal and calendar when you vaccinated which group, so that you can keep up with annual repeats and booster shots. 4. Other Vaccinations
There are other vaccinations you might consider using, too, but CDT is the only one all vets recommend. Some of the other optional vaccinations include: Caseous lymphadenitis vaccines
Sore mouth vaccine (this is a live vaccine that should only be used if animals have a sore mouth infection, or it can infect your other animals)
Rabies (usually only administered by veterinarians)
Footrot and foot scald vaccines (sheep and cattle only)
Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida
Ask a vet if these vaccines are necessary where you live.

6 Essentials For Piglet Care - Hobby Farms 6 Essentials For Piglet Care
6 Essentials For Piglet Care
Provide warmth, bedding and milk for your newborn pigs, and you’re on your way to a healthful hog operation.
1. Provide Warmth
2. Pile Up Bedding
3. Feed Properly
4. Address Rooting Behavior
5. Control Parasites
6. Prevent Anemia
Find more pig-care advice in these articles:
 However, some farmers use nose rings after 1 month of age to dissuade rooting. Young pigs get temporary rings and older pigs have permanent ones. Your ring provider should have exact details on administration and various sizes for different ages. Keep in mind, if you are attempting to achieve Animal Welfare Approved certification, nose rings are prohibited, with exceptions for breeding sows if its proven that rooting could damage soil structure, pollute the environment or harm piglet health. 5. Control Parasites
Our pigs live outdoors and are moved to new land on a regular basis, so parasites aren’t typically a problem for us. However, if your pig will be in one spot for long periods of time, you should consider administering a dewormer. Consult a vet for advice. 6. Prevent Anemia
Some vets recommend iron shots to prevent anemia in piglets, but these can result in diarrhea and other side effects.

6 Essentials For Piglet Care - Hobby Farms

6 Essentials For Piglet Care
6 Essentials For Piglet Care
Provide warmth, bedding and milk for your newborn pigs, and you’re on your way to a healthful hog operation.
1. Provide Warmth
2. Pile Up Bedding
3. Feed Properly
4. Address Rooting Behavior
5. Control Parasites
6. Prevent Anemia
Find more pig-care advice in these articles:

However, some farmers use nose rings after 1 month of age to dissuade rooting. Young pigs get temporary rings and older pigs have permanent ones. Your ring provider should have exact details on administration and various sizes for different ages. Keep in mind, if you are attempting to achieve Animal Welfare Approved certification, nose rings are prohibited, with exceptions for breeding sows if its proven that rooting could damage soil structure, pollute the environment or harm piglet health. 5. Control Parasites
Our pigs live outdoors and are moved to new land on a regular basis, so parasites aren’t typically a problem for us. However, if your pig will be in one spot for long periods of time, you should consider administering a dewormer. Consult a vet for advice. 6. Prevent Anemia
Some vets recommend iron shots to prevent anemia in piglets, but these can result in diarrhea and other side effects.

South African Boer Goats - Interpreting a Feed Tag Vaccinations for Sheep and Goat Flocks
Vaccinations for Sheep and Goat Flocks
by Susan Schoenian
Area Agent, Sheep and Goat Specialist
Western Maryland Research & Education Center
Maryland Cooperative Extension
 Females giving birth for the first time should be vaccinated twice in late pregnancy, about four weeks apart. Maternal antibodies will protect lambs and kids for about two months, if offspring have ingested adequate colostrum. Lambs/kids should receive their first CD-T vaccination when they are 6 to 8 weeks old, followed by a booster 2 to 4 weeks later. If pastured animals are later placed in a feed lot for concentrate feeding, producers should consider re-vaccinating them for enterotoxemia type D.

Lambs and kids whose dams were not vaccinated for C and D can be vaccinated with some success at two to three days of age and again in two weeks. However, later vaccinations will be more successful since colostral antibodies interfere with vaccinations at very young ages. A better alternative may be to vaccinate offspring from non-vaccinated dams at 1 to 3 weeks, with a booster 3 to 4 weeks later. Anti-toxins can provide immediate short-term immunity if dams were not vaccinated or in the event of disease outbreak or vaccine failure. Lambs and kids whose dams were not vaccinated for tetanus should be given the tetanus anti-toxin at the time of docking, castrating, and disbudding, especially if elastrator bands are used. Rams and bucks should be boostered annually with CD-T.
In addition to CD-T, there are other vaccines that sheep and goat producers may include in the flock vaccination program, depending upon the health status of their flock and the diseases prevalent in their area. There is a vaccine for sore mouth (contagious ecthyma, orf), a viral skin disease commonly affecting sheep and goats.

South African Boer Goats - Interpreting a Feed Tag

Vaccinations for Sheep and Goat Flocks
Vaccinations for Sheep and Goat Flocks
by Susan Schoenian
Area Agent, Sheep and Goat Specialist
Western Maryland Research & Education Center
Maryland Cooperative Extension

FarrowSure GOLD B for Animal Use - Drugs.com FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
Parvovirus Vaccine
Killed Virus
Directions For Use
Precautions
 Abortions may also occur in sows infected with E. rhusiopathiae during pregnancy. SAFETY AND EFFICACY: The safety of FarrowSure GOLD B was demonstrated under field conditions in approximately 1,340 sows and gilts receiving single or multiple doses. No serious systemic or allergic reactions were observed following vaccination. Efficacy of the fractions of FarrowSure GOLD B was demonstrated in controlled challenge-of-immunity and immunogenicity tests. Additionally, duration-of-immunity studies demonstrated that FarrowSure GOLD B protected pigs against E. rhusiopathiae challenge 18 weeks after the second vaccination. Directions For Use
General Directions: Shake well. Aseptically administer 2 mL intramuscularly. Primary Vaccination:

Abortions may also occur in sows infected with E. rhusiopathiae during pregnancy. SAFETY AND EFFICACY: The safety of FarrowSure GOLD B was demonstrated under field conditions in approximately 1,340 sows and gilts receiving single or multiple doses. No serious systemic or allergic reactions were observed following vaccination. Efficacy of the fractions of FarrowSure GOLD B was demonstrated in controlled challenge-of-immunity and immunogenicity tests. Additionally, duration-of-immunity studies demonstrated that FarrowSure GOLD B protected pigs against E. rhusiopathiae challenge 18 weeks after the second vaccination. Directions For Use
General Directions: Shake well. Aseptically administer 2 mL intramuscularly. Primary Vaccination:

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 Eradication programs is possible by systemic testing and culling reactors and a second herd test is carried out 3-12 month later and repeating till clear test is achieved. In enzootic areas, the most control efforts are based on hygiene, management, isolation procedures, broad-spectrum antibiotics treatment to avoid the challenge of other infections and the use of vaccine. Vaccination has been effective in preventing the respiratory disease and abortions if given prior to natural exposure. Available vaccines are modified live MLV (Intramuscular "IM" – Intranasal) or inactivated virus vaccines. MLVs have the risk of virus persistence and its potential reactivation and used in healthy animals only. The IM type of MLV is easer to use and often used in feedlots as it may cause abortions in breeding herds while, the intranasal type are highly attenuated and safe for pregnant cows. Inactivated vaccine are safe to use in cattle but it sometimes produces hypersensitivity reaction, it requires two doses initially and an annual booster for adequate protection. In Egypt, a combined inactivated respiratory virus vaccine "Pneumo-3" containing BVD, IBR, and PI3 viruses and "pneumo-4" containing BVD, IBR, PI3, and bovine respiratory syncytial BRS viruses is also produced. It used in calves by I.M injection of two doses of 5 mls each, 2 weeks apart. Also, it can be used to pregnant dams in late stages of pregnancy with the same manner to protect the newly borne calves.

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Transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE) | The Pig Site Transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE)
Transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE)
Background and history
Similar diseases
Clinical signs
Acute disease
Chronic or endemic disease
Weaners and growers
Piglets
Sows
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Johnson: Batch farrowing shows benefits
Developing data-driven biosecurity programs
Pig outlook: lean hog bulls keep pedal to the metal
 Provide disinfectant foot dips at all entrances. Keep starlings and migrating birds away from the farm by not exposing them to feed. Do not borrow equipment from another pig farm. Site all bins to the exterior of the unit and always have your own feeder pipes to your own feed bins. This is a high risk source for the spread of enteric diseases. Vaccination - live modified and killed vaccines are available in some countries. The results in the field are very variable. The objective is to maintain immunity in the colostrum. This can only be carried out by stimulating the gut of the sow to produce antibodies in the milk. Intra-muscular vaccines give a very poor response.

Transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE) | The Pig Site

Transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE)
Transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE)
Background and history
Similar diseases
Clinical signs
Acute disease
Chronic or endemic disease
Weaners and growers
Piglets
Sows
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Johnson: Batch farrowing shows benefits
Developing data-driven biosecurity programs
Pig outlook: lean hog bulls keep pedal to the metal

Provide disinfectant foot dips at all entrances. Keep starlings and migrating birds away from the farm by not exposing them to feed. Do not borrow equipment from another pig farm. Site all bins to the exterior of the unit and always have your own feeder pipes to your own feed bins. This is a high risk source for the spread of enteric diseases. Vaccination - live modified and killed vaccines are available in some countries. The results in the field are very variable. The objective is to maintain immunity in the colostrum. This can only be carried out by stimulating the gut of the sow to produce antibodies in the milk. Intra-muscular vaccines give a very poor response.

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy It is a leading cause of reproductive failure through spontaneous abortion of the fetus. The parvovirus is difficult to eliminate from the pig's environment because it resists most disinfectants and can survive outside the pig for long periods of time. Pregnant sows should be protected by vaccination before breeding. Other common pig diseases that you should watch out for but not necessarily routinely vaccinate against, because it may not be cost-effective to do so, are Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes pneumonia that cause sudden death or retard growth; Salmonella, which can give pigs severe pneumonia or diarrhea; and Streptococcus suis, which causes nervous system disease that can result in chronic arthritis, stunting and heart infection. Other Articles: Breeding Pigs - 5 Easy Steps on How to Correctly and Properly Breed Pigs
How to Raise Pigs Right the First Time in Your Own Home
Keeping Pigs As A Pet - Is It A Good Idea? Pig Farming Is One Of The Most Profitable Business Ventures
Raising Pigs For Profits - 4 Ways to Make Money If You Enjoy Raising Pigs As Pets
Pig Rearing - Simple Ideas About Rearing Pigs For Small Time Farmers
Copyright © 2012 Sarah Brown | All Rights Reserved Worldwide
How To Raise Pigs

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy

It is a leading cause of reproductive failure through spontaneous abortion of the fetus. The parvovirus is difficult to eliminate from the pig's environment because it resists most disinfectants and can survive outside the pig for long periods of time. Pregnant sows should be protected by vaccination before breeding. Other common pig diseases that you should watch out for but not necessarily routinely vaccinate against, because it may not be cost-effective to do so, are Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes pneumonia that cause sudden death or retard growth; Salmonella, which can give pigs severe pneumonia or diarrhea; and Streptococcus suis, which causes nervous system disease that can result in chronic arthritis, stunting and heart infection. Other Articles: Breeding Pigs - 5 Easy Steps on How to Correctly and Properly Breed Pigs
How to Raise Pigs Right the First Time in Your Own Home
Keeping Pigs As A Pet - Is It A Good Idea? Pig Farming Is One Of The Most Profitable Business Ventures
Raising Pigs For Profits - 4 Ways to Make Money If You Enjoy Raising Pigs As Pets
Pig Rearing - Simple Ideas About Rearing Pigs For Small Time Farmers
Copyright © 2012 Sarah Brown | All Rights Reserved Worldwide
How To Raise Pigs

TGE | Iowa State University TGE
TGE
Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)
Definition
Occurrence
Historical information
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control
 An owner may wish to eradicate TGE and maintain a negative herd after infection has occurred. This can sometimes be accomplished by whole-herd exposure to virus and allowing no introductions into the herd for a 60-day period. Alternatively, depopulation during a hot month should be accompanied by thorough cleaning and disinfection. Then, after allowing the facilities to be free of swine for several weeks, restocking with serologically negative stock may be effective. Attenuated and killed virus vaccines are available. Vaccines usually are used to stimulate immunity in the dams although some also can be given to neonatal piglets. Vaccines are usually administered to dams at intervals prior to farrowing. All the vaccines currently available are most effective when used to stimulate an anamnestic response in previously exposed swine but are generally unable to protect a naïve population in the face of an acute exposure. In acute outbreaks, pregnant sows and gilts that are two or more weeks from farrowing can be induced to form their own antibodies to TGE to protect their l

TGE | Iowa State University

TGE
TGE
Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)
Definition
Occurrence
Historical information
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Lesions
Diagnosis
Control

An owner may wish to eradicate TGE and maintain a negative herd after infection has occurred. This can sometimes be accomplished by whole-herd exposure to virus and allowing no introductions into the herd for a 60-day period. Alternatively, depopulation during a hot month should be accompanied by thorough cleaning and disinfection. Then, after allowing the facilities to be free of swine for several weeks, restocking with serologically negative stock may be effective. Attenuated and killed virus vaccines are available. Vaccines usually are used to stimulate immunity in the dams although some also can be given to neonatal piglets. Vaccines are usually administered to dams at intervals prior to farrowing. All the vaccines currently available are most effective when used to stimulate an anamnestic response in previously exposed swine but are generally unable to protect a naïve population in the face of an acute exposure. In acute outbreaks, pregnant sows and gilts that are two or more weeks from farrowing can be induced to form their own antibodies to TGE to protect their l

Goat Vaccination Program – Goats Goat Vaccination Program
Goat Vaccination Program
Recommended Vaccination
Optional Vaccinations
 Follow label directions for dosage, methods, and timing of vaccinations. Vaccinations for abortions and pneumonia are available for some species. Get a diagnosis for abortions before using a vaccine. Chlamydia and Toxoplasmosis are common microorganisms that can cause abortions, and producers can vaccinate for these if the disease gets in the herd. If the vaccine is used, a booster should be given each year, two to four weeks prior to the breeding season. Prevention for some abortive diseases can be provided through antibiotics such as chlortetracycline, or CTC added to the feed for several weeks prior to birthing. A veterinarian should be consulted for proper doses and timing. For pneumonia, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida vaccines are available and labeled for goats, sheep, and cattle. Follow label directions. Generally, after 3 months of age, inject 2 cc subcutaneously and repeat in two to four weeks.

Goat Vaccination Program – Goats

Follow label directions for dosage, methods, and timing of vaccinations. Vaccinations for abortions and pneumonia are available for some species. Get a diagnosis for abortions before using a vaccine. Chlamydia and Toxoplasmosis are common microorganisms that can cause abortions, and producers can vaccinate for these if the disease gets in the herd. If the vaccine is used, a booster should be given each year, two to four weeks prior to the breeding season. Prevention for some abortive diseases can be provided through antibiotics such as chlortetracycline, or CTC added to the feed for several weeks prior to birthing. A veterinarian should be consulted for proper doses and timing. For pneumonia, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida vaccines are available and labeled for goats, sheep, and cattle. Follow label directions. Generally, after 3 months of age, inject 2 cc subcutaneously and repeat in two to four weeks.

Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Pigs - Digestive System - Merck Veterinary Manual Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Pigs
Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Treatment and Control:
Also of Interest
 Increasing farrowing room temperature to minimize loss of body heat and providing electrolyte solutions to combat dehydration are helpful. Administration of swine immunoglobulins has been reported to be beneficial. Weaning older nursing pigs that are consuming creep feed may reduce mortality. Protective immunity depends on presence of antibody in the small intestine. Passive protection of piglets is provided by continual nursing of immune sows. Active, protective immunity develops after infection of the intestinal mucosa with virulent TGE virus. Active infection of the intestine with virulent virus provides protective immunity for 6–18 mo due to a secretory IgA response. Vaccination of naturally immune sows boosts immunity sufficiently to protect neonates and is particularly useful in endemically infected herds. Vaccination of swine in herds free of TGE may not be economically beneficial because vaccines do not induce complete immunity. Planned infection of pregnant sows at least 2–4 wk before farrowing in herds known to be infected with virulent virus usually provides adequate immunity.

Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Pigs - Digestive System - Merck Veterinary Manual

Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Pigs
Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Treatment and Control:
Also of Interest

Increasing farrowing room temperature to minimize loss of body heat and providing electrolyte solutions to combat dehydration are helpful. Administration of swine immunoglobulins has been reported to be beneficial. Weaning older nursing pigs that are consuming creep feed may reduce mortality. Protective immunity depends on presence of antibody in the small intestine. Passive protection of piglets is provided by continual nursing of immune sows. Active, protective immunity develops after infection of the intestinal mucosa with virulent TGE virus. Active infection of the intestine with virulent virus provides protective immunity for 6–18 mo due to a secretory IgA response. Vaccination of naturally immune sows boosts immunity sufficiently to protect neonates and is particularly useful in endemically infected herds. Vaccination of swine in herds free of TGE may not be economically beneficial because vaccines do not induce complete immunity. Planned infection of pregnant sows at least 2–4 wk before farrowing in herds known to be infected with virulent virus usually provides adequate immunity.

How to Take Care of Newborn Baby Potbellied Pigs | Pets on Mom.com How to Take Care of Newborn Baby Potbellied Pigs
How to Take Care of Newborn Baby Potbellied Pigs
Heat
Nutrition
Environment
Early Care
How to Care of Newborn Chihuahua Puppies
 If you do not have experience vaccinating animals, ask your veterinarian to give an iron injection. Another school of thought is to provide your piglets with a box of dirt for them to play in. This will help them receive adequate iron naturally instead of through an injection. Iron injections have been known to cause diarrhea. 00:00
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References
Alaska Livestock Series: Recommended Practices for Raising Pigs From Birth to Weaning
Oregon State University: Care of Newborn Pigs and Post-Farrowing Sows
Pigs 4 Ever: Baby Potbellied Pig Care
Pigs 4 Ever: The Orphan Piglet
Northwest Miniature Pig Association: Potbellied Pigs:

How to Take Care of Newborn Baby Potbellied Pigs | Pets on Mom.com

How to Take Care of Newborn Baby Potbellied Pigs
How to Take Care of Newborn Baby Potbellied Pigs
Heat
Nutrition
Environment
Early Care
How to Care of Newborn Chihuahua Puppies

If you do not have experience vaccinating animals, ask your veterinarian to give an iron injection. Another school of thought is to provide your piglets with a box of dirt for them to play in. This will help them receive adequate iron naturally instead of through an injection. Iron injections have been known to cause diarrhea. 00:00
00:05 01:42
GO LIVE
Facebook
Twitter
Email
Embed
Speed Normal
Autoplay
Brought to you by Cuteness
Brought to you by Cuteness
References
Alaska Livestock Series: Recommended Practices for Raising Pigs From Birth to Weaning
Oregon State University: Care of Newborn Pigs and Post-Farrowing Sows
Pigs 4 Ever: Baby Potbellied Pig Care
Pigs 4 Ever: The Orphan Piglet
Northwest Miniature Pig Association: Potbellied Pigs:

FarrowSure GOLD B for Animal Use - Drugs.com FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
Parvovirus Vaccine
Killed Virus
Directions For Use
Precautions
 Healthy swine should receive 2 doses 3-5 weeks apart with the second dose administered 2-4 weeks prior to breeding. Healthy gilts, however, should receive the second dose as near as possible to 14 days prior to breeding. Revaccination: Revaccination with a single dose is recommended prior to subsequent breedings. Boars should be revaccinated semiannually. Good animal husbandry and herd health management practices should be employed. Precautions
Store at 2°-7°C. Prolonged exposure to higher temperatures may adversely affect potency. Do not freeze. Use entire contents when first opened.

Healthy swine should receive 2 doses 3-5 weeks apart with the second dose administered 2-4 weeks prior to breeding. Healthy gilts, however, should receive the second dose as near as possible to 14 days prior to breeding. Revaccination: Revaccination with a single dose is recommended prior to subsequent breedings. Boars should be revaccinated semiannually. Good animal husbandry and herd health management practices should be employed. Precautions
Store at 2°-7°C. Prolonged exposure to higher temperatures may adversely affect potency. Do not freeze. Use entire contents when first opened.

Lameness in Pigs in Nurseries - Musculoskeletal System - Merck Veterinary Manual Lameness in Pigs in Nurseries
Lameness in Pigs in Nurseries
Infectious Arthritis or Polyarthritis:
Streptococcosis:
Erysipelas:
Vertebral Deformities:
 Herds that maintain an SPF status may be free of both M hyorhinis and H parasuis, but in herds with documented outbreaks of Glässer’s disease, morbidity and mortality were high and productivity was decreased. Some 15 serovars of H parasuis have been identified, with much strain variation. Vaccination with commercial or autogenous H parasuis bacterin may alleviate clinical disease in SPF herds. It is important to vaccinate SPF pigs that are to be shipped to conventional herds with vaccine effective against the serovars present in the recipient herd. There is cross-protection among some serovars. Vaccination of sows against H parasuis reduces the prevalence of the problem in nursery pigs through passive immunity. Streptococcosis: The streptococcal disease of main concern to the pig industry is caused by S suis (see Streptococcal Infections in Pigs ). Although this organism can cause arthritis, CNS signs and pneumonia are the most common clinical presentations. Erysipelas:

Lameness in Pigs in Nurseries - Musculoskeletal System - Merck Veterinary Manual

Lameness in Pigs in Nurseries
Lameness in Pigs in Nurseries
Infectious Arthritis or Polyarthritis:
Streptococcosis:
Erysipelas:
Vertebral Deformities:

Herds that maintain an SPF status may be free of both M hyorhinis and H parasuis, but in herds with documented outbreaks of Glässer’s disease, morbidity and mortality were high and productivity was decreased. Some 15 serovars of H parasuis have been identified, with much strain variation. Vaccination with commercial or autogenous H parasuis bacterin may alleviate clinical disease in SPF herds. It is important to vaccinate SPF pigs that are to be shipped to conventional herds with vaccine effective against the serovars present in the recipient herd. There is cross-protection among some serovars. Vaccination of sows against H parasuis reduces the prevalence of the problem in nursery pigs through passive immunity. Streptococcosis: The streptococcal disease of main concern to the pig industry is caused by S suis (see Streptococcal Infections in Pigs ). Although this organism can cause arthritis, CNS signs and pneumonia are the most common clinical presentations. Erysipelas:

FarrowSure GOLD B for Animal Use - Drugs.com FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
Parvovirus Vaccine
Killed Virus
Directions For Use
Precautions
 FarrowSure GOLD B is for vaccination of healthy breeding swine as an aid in preventing reproductive failure caused by porcine parvovirus (PPV), erysipelas caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and leptospirosis caused by Leptospira bratislava, L. canicola, L. grippotyphosa, L. hardjo, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and L. pomona. An 18-week duration of immunity following vaccination has been demonstrated against erysipelas. FarrowSure GOLD B is a liquid preparation of porcine parvovirus grown on an established porcine cell line, a serum-free, clarified E. rhusiopathiae culture, and whole cell cultures of the 6 Leptospira serovars identified above. The antigens have been chemically inactivated and adjuvanted with 2 adjuvants, including Amphigen ®, to enhance the immune response. DISEASE DESCRIPTION: PPV and Leptospira are common agents of reproductive loss in swine. While infection with either of these pathogens may produce subclinical disease, infection with PPV during pregnancy may result in fetal resorption, fetal mummification and stillbirths. Infection by Leptospira during the second half of pregnancy may cause abortions and stillbirths; late-term abortions are the most important economic effect of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis caused by any of the serovars represented here cannot be clinically differentiated.

FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
FarrowSure GOLD B
Parvovirus Vaccine
Killed Virus
Directions For Use
Precautions

FarrowSure GOLD B is for vaccination of healthy breeding swine as an aid in preventing reproductive failure caused by porcine parvovirus (PPV), erysipelas caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and leptospirosis caused by Leptospira bratislava, L. canicola, L. grippotyphosa, L. hardjo, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and L. pomona. An 18-week duration of immunity following vaccination has been demonstrated against erysipelas. FarrowSure GOLD B is a liquid preparation of porcine parvovirus grown on an established porcine cell line, a serum-free, clarified E. rhusiopathiae culture, and whole cell cultures of the 6 Leptospira serovars identified above. The antigens have been chemically inactivated and adjuvanted with 2 adjuvants, including Amphigen ®, to enhance the immune response. DISEASE DESCRIPTION: PPV and Leptospira are common agents of reproductive loss in swine. While infection with either of these pathogens may produce subclinical disease, infection with PPV during pregnancy may result in fetal resorption, fetal mummification and stillbirths. Infection by Leptospira during the second half of pregnancy may cause abortions and stillbirths; late-term abortions are the most important economic effect of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis caused by any of the serovars represented here cannot be clinically differentiated.

Injecting pigs the correct way Injecting pigs the correct way
Injecting pigs the correct way
How to deal with aggression in pigs
 For unweaned pigs, use a short 21-gauge needle. - Advertisement -
To avoid transferring diseases, always use a sterile syringe and a different needle for every animal. It is a good idea to take a few extra syringes and needles along; the pig may struggle when it is injected and the syringe can end up in the mud. Read Profit from pigs
A small freezer box is handy for carrying medicines and syringes/needles. If you use an ice pack, put it into a plastic bag to prevent syringes or needles from getting wet. Dispose of needles and syringes carefully – incineration is best. If injecting a large sow or boar, use an old door to gently push the pig against the wall of the sty, thereby creating a ‘crush pen’. Vaccines and deworming injections are injected subcutaneously above and behind the ear in an adult boar or sow. In younger pigs, injections can be done intramuscularly in the thick rump muscles, halfway between the hook bone and the pinbone.

Injecting pigs the correct way

For unweaned pigs, use a short 21-gauge needle. - Advertisement -
To avoid transferring diseases, always use a sterile syringe and a different needle for every animal. It is a good idea to take a few extra syringes and needles along; the pig may struggle when it is injected and the syringe can end up in the mud. Read Profit from pigs
A small freezer box is handy for carrying medicines and syringes/needles. If you use an ice pack, put it into a plastic bag to prevent syringes or needles from getting wet. Dispose of needles and syringes carefully – incineration is best. If injecting a large sow or boar, use an old door to gently push the pig against the wall of the sty, thereby creating a ‘crush pen’. Vaccines and deworming injections are injected subcutaneously above and behind the ear in an adult boar or sow. In younger pigs, injections can be done intramuscularly in the thick rump muscles, halfway between the hook bone and the pinbone.

NMSU: Cow Herd Vaccination Guidelines Cow Herd Vaccination Guidelines
Cow Herd Vaccination Guidelines
Preventing Disease in the Cow and Passing Immunity to Calves
Vaccination Protocols
Cows and Bulls
Replacement Heifers (pre-breeding)
Footnote
For more on this topic, see the following publications:
 Vaccination is a tool that can be used very effectively to help reduce the incidence of disease in a cow herd. As with all tools, vaccinations must be administered correctly to get the full benefit. Proper timing, route of administration, dosage, and type of vaccine are paramount to preventing disease. Beef quality assurance guidelines should be followed whenever vaccines or medications are administered. Your veterinarian can help you develop a vaccination program specifically for your operation and geographic area. The following protocols are suggested for a fall vaccination program. Cows and Bulls
Long-acting viral vaccine that includes at least IBR and BVD, and may include parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
Long-acting campylobacter fetus (vibrio)/leptospirosis (lepto) vaccine
Dewormer
7-way clostridial booster (optional)
Other vaccines if necessary in your area
NOTE: In the fall, bred replacement heifers should be vaccinated using the same protocol as the mature cows. Replacement Heifers (pre-breeding)
Modified-live IBR, BVD, PI3, BRSV (initial at 2 to 3 months of age, plus booster around weaning)
Vibrio and 5-way leptospirosis (initial and booster around weaning)
Dewormer
7-way clostridial booster (optional)
Brucellosis (optional; if administered it must be given by an accredited veterinarian and before 1 year of age)
Other vaccines if necessary for your area
Footnote
1 For information about calf vaccination programs, see NMSU Extension Guide B-223, Calf Vaccination Guidelines, available at http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_b/B223.pdf. (

NMSU: Cow Herd Vaccination Guidelines

Cow Herd Vaccination Guidelines
Cow Herd Vaccination Guidelines
Preventing Disease in the Cow and Passing Immunity to Calves
Vaccination Protocols
Cows and Bulls
Replacement Heifers (pre-breeding)
Footnote
For more on this topic, see the following publications:

Torremorell M. 1995;4:139-143. Vaccination against S suis Vaccination against
Streptococcus suis
:
Effect on nursery mortality

Field study
Vaccination against Streptococcus suis:
Effect on nursery mortality
Montserrat Torremorell, DVM; Carlos Pijoan, DVM, PhD; Emilio Trigo, DVM, PhD
Summary
Material and methods
Herd history and clinical evaluation
Field vaccine trial
Statistical analysis
Posttrial vaccination protocols
Results
Discussion
Implications
References
 In May 1996, the producer decided to adopt a sow vaccination protocol, which was less expensive, less time consuming, and easier to implement. Sows were vaccinated IM with the commercial bacterin at approximately days 77 and 98 of gestation. Piglets were followed during the nursery stage, and mortality rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this protocol. This protocol was still in use at the time of this report. Results
Pigs that received the experimental autogenous vaccine tended to have lower morbidity/mortality ( P <.1) than pigs in the other groups  ( Figure 2 ). Mortality in the nonvaccinated group was 5.5 % and morbidity was 13%; both were lower than the 17% mortality observed in groups of weaned pigs in the herd previous to the on-farm vaccine trial. Mortality was nonexistent among pigs vaccinated with the commercial vaccine during the first 4 weeks of the experiment, but increased to 10% during the last 2 weeks of the trial. In comparison, mortality rate was 14% for a nearly identical group of pigs that was not vaccinated and that received identical diet and management and was weaned within 1 week of the pigs included in the trial. These pigs were housed in an adjacent room to those included in the trial, and shared the same airspace.

Vaccination against
Streptococcus suis
:
Effect on nursery mortality

Field study
Vaccination against Streptococcus suis:
Effect on nursery mortality
Montserrat Torremorell, DVM; Carlos Pijoan, DVM, PhD; Emilio Trigo, DVM, PhD
Summary
Material and methods
Herd history and clinical evaluation
Field vaccine trial
Statistical analysis
Posttrial vaccination protocols
Results
Discussion
Implications
References

In May 1996, the producer decided to adopt a sow vaccination protocol, which was less expensive, less time consuming, and easier to implement. Sows were vaccinated IM with the commercial bacterin at approximately days 77 and 98 of gestation. Piglets were followed during the nursery stage, and mortality rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this protocol. This protocol was still in use at the time of this report. Results
Pigs that received the experimental autogenous vaccine tended to have lower morbidity/mortality ( P <.1) than pigs in the other groups  ( Figure 2 ). Mortality in the nonvaccinated group was 5.5 % and morbidity was 13%; both were lower than the 17% mortality observed in groups of weaned pigs in the herd previous to the on-farm vaccine trial. Mortality was nonexistent among pigs vaccinated with the commercial vaccine during the first 4 weeks of the experiment, but increased to 10% during the last 2 weeks of the trial. In comparison, mortality rate was 14% for a nearly identical group of pigs that was not vaccinated and that received identical diet and management and was weaned within 1 week of the pigs included in the trial. These pigs were housed in an adjacent room to those included in the trial, and shared the same airspace.

Important Issues in our Farrowing Department
Representing: TDM Farms
Presenting: Erick Soza
Supporting: Steve Smith, Dr. Carolina Sernia
Introduction
·The main function of the farrowing department is to meet weekly weaning targets.
·Saving as many pigs as possible and supporting their growth is a primary function.
·Proper care of sows immediately contributes to saving and growing good pigs.
·However, proper sow care also insures that the sow will be there to do well on subsequent farrowings.
Sow Acclimation
Piglets Processing
Sow Management
Question 2: What do you do if a sow becomes constipated?
Question 3: Should pigs be fed creep feed before weaning?
Question 4:What temperature is appropriate for the mat under the heat lamp
Question 5: How do you induce farrowing using prostaglandins (LutalyseTM or ProstamateTM)?
Question 7: How do you use oxytocin to aid a sow during a difficult farrowing?
Question 10: Is cross-fostering beneficial?
Question 14: How can you prevent sows from discharging after farrowing?
Question 17: What can be done to increase the birth weight of piglets?
Conclusion
- Although the farrowing department must meet weekly targets for number weaned, proper sow care assures sow productivity and the capability of achieving future weanings with adequate pig numbers.
 · Must determine if the sow is pregnant before treating her with dexamethasone
- Give Dexamethasone when a sow is not pregnant
- Dexamethasone aborts pregnant sows
Question 13: How do you treat off-feed sows? · When we have several sow off feed, we check the in-door temperature, the out-door temperature, and the temperature of off-feed sows in the room
- Average normal body temperature about 101.5º F.
- It is known that every one-degree rise in temperature will cause a sow to eat 0.2 pound less of feed per day
- Maximum sow feed intake occurs when sows are housed at 60º to 65º F.
- We slight the sows to give warmer room temperatures in an effort to benefit the piglets that want to be 92º F.
Question 14: How can you prevent sows from discharging after farrowing? · Check the procedures you use when examining sows and pulling pigs
- Clean sow’s vulva
- Your arm and hand must be clean
- Use a large volume of Vaseline or OB Lube
- Enter the sow slowly
- Stop and back-up if the uterine wall seems to bunch around your arm
- Never push against the sow while she is pushing
- Pull the pigs slowly. · If you see signs of discharges after the last pig is pulled, initiate one of the following treatments: - Penicillin G procaine, BP 48, or Gallimycin 200 for three consecutive days
- If the discharge is severe, you can use ¼ to ½ cc oxytocin each day. Question 15: Why is it necessary to give iron at birth? · Pigs are born with a limited store of iron (approximately 50 mg)
· Piglets use about 7-11 mg/day of iron
· Sow milk does not contain adequate iron.

Important Issues in our Farrowing Department
Representing: TDM Farms
Presenting: Erick Soza
Supporting: Steve Smith, Dr. Carolina Sernia
Introduction
·The main function of the farrowing department is to meet weekly weaning targets.
·Saving as many pigs as possible and supporting their growth is a primary function.
·Proper care of sows immediately contributes to saving and growing good pigs.
·However, proper sow care also insures that the sow will be there to do well on subsequent farrowings.
Sow Acclimation
Piglets Processing
Sow Management
Question 2: What do you do if a sow becomes constipated?
Question 3: Should pigs be fed creep feed before weaning?
Question 4:What temperature is appropriate for the mat under the heat lamp
Question 5: How do you induce farrowing using prostaglandins (LutalyseTM or ProstamateTM)?
Question 7: How do you use oxytocin to aid a sow during a difficult farrowing?
Question 10: Is cross-fostering beneficial?
Question 14: How can you prevent sows from discharging after farrowing?
Question 17: What can be done to increase the birth weight of piglets?
Conclusion
- Although the farrowing department must meet weekly targets for number weaned, proper sow care assures sow productivity and the capability of achieving future weanings with adequate pig numbers.

How to Take Care of Newborn Baby Potbellied Pigs | Pets on Mom.com How to Take Care of Newborn Baby Potbellied Pigs
How to Take Care of Newborn Baby Potbellied Pigs
Heat
Nutrition
Environment
Early Care
How to Care of Newborn Chihuahua Puppies
 Scrub the pig pen with soap and water to remove dirt and bacteria. Next, spray a 2 percent chlorine solution to sanitize the area. Scrub the sow with soap and water as well to prevent her from spreading bacteria to her piglets. Early Care
After birth, dose the navel in iodine to prevent the area from becoming infected. Since newborn potbellied pigs are deficient in iron and do not receive this mineral from their mother’s milk, they need an iron supplement. If you do not have experience vaccinating animals, ask your veterinarian to give an iron injection. Another school of thought is to provide your piglets with a box of dirt for them to play in. This will help them receive adequate iron naturally instead of through an injection. Iron injections have been known to cause diarrhea. 00:00
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References
Alaska Livestock Series:

Scrub the pig pen with soap and water to remove dirt and bacteria. Next, spray a 2 percent chlorine solution to sanitize the area. Scrub the sow with soap and water as well to prevent her from spreading bacteria to her piglets. Early Care
After birth, dose the navel in iodine to prevent the area from becoming infected. Since newborn potbellied pigs are deficient in iron and do not receive this mineral from their mother’s milk, they need an iron supplement. If you do not have experience vaccinating animals, ask your veterinarian to give an iron injection. Another school of thought is to provide your piglets with a box of dirt for them to play in. This will help them receive adequate iron naturally instead of through an injection. Iron injections have been known to cause diarrhea. 00:00
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Twitter
Email
Embed
Speed Normal
Autoplay
Brought to you by Cuteness
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References
Alaska Livestock Series:

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy

Common Pig Diseases That You Should Watch
Out For - Keeping Pigs Healthy In the mild form of the disease, the inflammation does not progress and the turbinate bones eventually return to normal. When the disease becomes serious, however, inflammation is progressive and the nose becomes distorted, causing respiratory disease to develop. Female pigs should be vaccinated before farrowing so they will pass on immunity to their piglets through their milk. Pigs should also be vaccinated twice before they are weaned. E. Coli is a bacteria that causes diarrhea in piglets and is usually caused by fecal contamination of the living environment. Pregnant females should be vaccinated before farrowing. Erysipelas is one of the most prevalent pig diseases, since it is caused by bacteria that are commonly found in most pig farms that pigs excrete through their saliva or waste products. This disease can cause death or compromise the health of the pig by causing heart infections or chronic arthritis. It can also stunt the growth of surviving pigs. Pregnant females should be inoculated before breeding.

In the mild form of the disease, the inflammation does not progress and the turbinate bones eventually return to normal. When the disease becomes serious, however, inflammation is progressive and the nose becomes distorted, causing respiratory disease to develop. Female pigs should be vaccinated before farrowing so they will pass on immunity to their piglets through their milk. Pigs should also be vaccinated twice before they are weaned. E. Coli is a bacteria that causes diarrhea in piglets and is usually caused by fecal contamination of the living environment. Pregnant females should be vaccinated before farrowing. Erysipelas is one of the most prevalent pig diseases, since it is caused by bacteria that are commonly found in most pig farms that pigs excrete through their saliva or waste products. This disease can cause death or compromise the health of the pig by causing heart infections or chronic arthritis. It can also stunt the growth of surviving pigs. Pregnant females should be inoculated before breeding.

Farrowing Sows on Pasture | The Pig Site Farrowing Sows on Pasture
Farrowing Sows on Pasture
Breeding Recommendations
Keeping Breeding Stock Cool During the Summer
Feeding During Gestation
Pasture for Sows
Farrowing on Pasture or Dirt Lots
Before Farrowing
During Farrowing
Birth to Four Days
Fours Days to Weaning
Feeding the Farrowing and Lactating Sow
Creep Feeding the Baby Pigs
Antibiotic Feeding
Weaning Procedures
Ensure continuous feed flow and keep your animals fed.
 A 2 x 6 inch board placed across the bottom of the door will keep pigs in the house until they are about one week of age. After pigs start getting out, the board should be removed. Before Farrowing
If possible, the farrowing lots should be disked and planted to an appropriate forage for grazing before the sows are placed in the lot. The farrowing houses should be cleaned, disinfected and bedded with straw before the farrowing season. The sows should be dewormed with piperazine, dichlorovos (Atgard), levamisol HCL (Tramisol), pyrantel tartrate (Banminth), or fenbendazol (Safe-Guard) approximately two weeks before farrowing. Spray or dust the sows, if needed, for external parasites using Co-Ral, Rabon Malathion, Prolate, Ectiban, Ectrin, or Taktic. Tiguvon can also be used as a pour-on. Injectible ivermectin (Ivomec) may be used for both internal and external parasite control. Some pork producers inject sows with antibiotics before and after farrowing to help prevent mastitis-metritis-agalactia complex (MMA). However, it is best to check with a veterinarian before doing this.

Farrowing Sows on Pasture | The Pig Site

Farrowing Sows on Pasture
Farrowing Sows on Pasture
Breeding Recommendations
Keeping Breeding Stock Cool During the Summer
Feeding During Gestation
Pasture for Sows
Farrowing on Pasture or Dirt Lots
Before Farrowing
During Farrowing
Birth to Four Days
Fours Days to Weaning
Feeding the Farrowing and Lactating Sow
Creep Feeding the Baby Pigs
Antibiotic Feeding
Weaning Procedures
Ensure continuous feed flow and keep your animals fed.

A 2 x 6 inch board placed across the bottom of the door will keep pigs in the house until they are about one week of age. After pigs start getting out, the board should be removed. Before Farrowing
If possible, the farrowing lots should be disked and planted to an appropriate forage for grazing before the sows are placed in the lot. The farrowing houses should be cleaned, disinfected and bedded with straw before the farrowing season. The sows should be dewormed with piperazine, dichlorovos (Atgard), levamisol HCL (Tramisol), pyrantel tartrate (Banminth), or fenbendazol (Safe-Guard) approximately two weeks before farrowing. Spray or dust the sows, if needed, for external parasites using Co-Ral, Rabon Malathion, Prolate, Ectiban, Ectrin, or Taktic. Tiguvon can also be used as a pour-on. Injectible ivermectin (Ivomec) may be used for both internal and external parasite control. Some pork producers inject sows with antibiotics before and after farrowing to help prevent mastitis-metritis-agalactia complex (MMA). However, it is best to check with a veterinarian before doing this.

How Much Does a Teacup Pig Cost? (2021) How Much Does a Teacup Pig Cost?
How Much Does a Teacup Pig Cost?
Cost of a Teacup Pig and Other One-Time Expenses
What You’re Getting for the Price of a Teacup Pig
Recurring Costs
Factors Affecting the Price
Tips and Advice
 It is always best to check the nearest vet in your area to ensure what appropriate vaccinations are suggested or essential. Nevertheless, on a yearly basis after the initial double dose at 6 -10 weeks and 12 -14 weeks, the injection should include Erysipelas, Bordetella, and Pasteurella. They can be injected either in the butt muscle or the neck about 2-3 inches behind the ear. Vaccine for pets cost $10-$50 per shot. Neutering/Spaying – most piglets are prone to hormone issues. It means that they become sexually mature at a very young age due to their overwhelming hormones. Consequently, spaying or neutering is very important to avoid behavioral problems of a pig. Spaying should be done on the 6th to 8th week for female pigs. Not being able to do so might cause a monthly menstrual cycle and may develop PMS-type symptoms. Also, pigs will have a high risk of developing reproductive cancers including ovarian, mammary, and uterine.

How Much Does a Teacup Pig Cost? (2021)

How Much Does a Teacup Pig Cost?
How Much Does a Teacup Pig Cost?
Cost of a Teacup Pig and Other One-Time Expenses
What You’re Getting for the Price of a Teacup Pig
Recurring Costs
Factors Affecting the Price
Tips and Advice

It is always best to check the nearest vet in your area to ensure what appropriate vaccinations are suggested or essential. Nevertheless, on a yearly basis after the initial double dose at 6 -10 weeks and 12 -14 weeks, the injection should include Erysipelas, Bordetella, and Pasteurella. They can be injected either in the butt muscle or the neck about 2-3 inches behind the ear. Vaccine for pets cost $10-$50 per shot. Neutering/Spaying – most piglets are prone to hormone issues. It means that they become sexually mature at a very young age due to their overwhelming hormones. Consequently, spaying or neutering is very important to avoid behavioral problems of a pig. Spaying should be done on the 6th to 8th week for female pigs. Not being able to do so might cause a monthly menstrual cycle and may develop PMS-type symptoms. Also, pigs will have a high risk of developing reproductive cancers including ovarian, mammary, and uterine.

 Cattle vaccinations
South Waikato Veterinary Services
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Cattle Vaccinations
Leptavoid
This vaccine immunises cattle against leptospirosis, and prevents shedding of leptospires in the cow’s urine which subsequently prevents infection in humans. Calves at high risk of exposure should be vaccinated twice 4-6weeks apart before they are 6months old. They then require a 3rd booster injection at 6 months of age due to the possibility of maternal antibodies interfering with the initial 2 injections. Calves over 6months old need two vaccinations, 4-6weeks apart. ALL stock should then be vaccinated annually in autumn (March/April/May), before the winter risk period. Ultravac 5-in-1
The 5 in 1 vaccine includes five clostridia serotypes which protect against Tetanus, Blackleg, Blacks Disease, Malignant Oedema and Enterotoxaemia. This vaccine should be given to calves at 6-8 weeks of age, then a booster given 4-6 weeks later. Annual boosters should be performed to maintain an adequate level of protection. Ultravac 7-in-1
This vaccine protects against the five main clostridial diseases, as well as the two main leptospirosis serotypes: L. pomona and L. hardjobovis..
As with leptavoid, calves need 2 vaccinations 4-6 weeks apart, and all stock should then be vaccinated annually in Autumn.

Cattle vaccinations
South Waikato Veterinary Services
Home    Clinics    Farm Animal Services     Dairy Resources     Small Animal Services
News & Articles      Newsletters      Staff       Links
Cattle Vaccinations
Leptavoid
This vaccine immunises cattle against leptospirosis, and prevents shedding of leptospires in the cow’s urine which subsequently prevents infection in humans. Calves at high risk of exposure should be vaccinated twice 4-6weeks apart before they are 6months old. They then require a 3rd booster injection at 6 months of age due to the possibility of maternal antibodies interfering with the initial 2 injections. Calves over 6months old need two vaccinations, 4-6weeks apart. ALL stock should then be vaccinated annually in autumn (March/April/May), before the winter risk period. Ultravac 5-in-1
The 5 in 1 vaccine includes five clostridia serotypes which protect against Tetanus, Blackleg, Blacks Disease, Malignant Oedema and Enterotoxaemia. This vaccine should be given to calves at 6-8 weeks of age, then a booster given 4-6 weeks later. Annual boosters should be performed to maintain an adequate level of protection. Ultravac 7-in-1
This vaccine protects against the five main clostridial diseases, as well as the two main leptospirosis serotypes: L. pomona and L. hardjobovis..
As with leptavoid, calves need 2 vaccinations 4-6 weeks apart, and all stock should then be vaccinated annually in Autumn.

Vaccinating Goats Against Enterotoxemia and Tetanus: Is it Necessary? | NC State Extension Publications Vaccinating Goats Against Enterotoxemia and Tetanus: Is it Necessary?
Vaccinating Goats Against Enterotoxemia and Tetanus: Is it Necessary? Animal Science Facts
What is Overeating Disease (Enterotoxemia)?
What Are the Symptoms of Overeating Disease?
What Is Tetanus?
What Are the Symptoms of Tetanus?
What Vaccine Should Be Used?
What Dosage Should Be Used and When Should Goats Be Vaccinated?
Use the product as it is recommended on the instructions provided with the vaccine.
When most commonly given?
Kids. Follow vaccine label instructions for timing and dosage, as both differ slightly between manufacturers.
When most commonly given?
How Should Injections Be Given, and Where?
How Should I Handle and Store the Vaccine?
Is There a Slaughter Withdrawal Time?
The Bottom Line
Authors
JM Luginbuhl
Kevin Anderson
Publication date: Sept. 29, 2015
 Once a year
Breeding females. Vaccination should be scheduled so that pregnant does receive their second vaccination or annual booster 2 to 6 weeks before kidding. By vaccinating does in late pregnancy, some immunity will be passed on to the kids through the colostrum. Kids. Follow vaccine label instructions for dosage and timing as they differ slightly between manufacturers
If breeding females have been vaccinated before kidding, it is a common practice to vaccinate kids at 10 to 12 weeks of age, followed by a booster at 16 to 18 weeks of age. If breeding females have not been vaccinated before kidding and you experience problems, it is a common practice to vaccinate kids at 4 weeks of age, followed by a booster at 10 weeks of age. How Should Injections Be Given, and Where? Skip to How Should Injections Be Given, and Where? Both Clostridium perfringens Types C D /Tetanus and multivalent clostridial vaccines are given by sub-cutaneous or intramuscular injections. Sub-cutaneous injections are favored because of the greater tissue damage at the injection site from intramuscular injections.

Vaccinating Goats Against Enterotoxemia and Tetanus: Is it Necessary? | NC State Extension Publications

Vaccinating Goats Against Enterotoxemia and Tetanus: Is it Necessary?
Vaccinating Goats Against Enterotoxemia and Tetanus: Is it Necessary? Animal Science Facts
What is Overeating Disease (Enterotoxemia)?
What Are the Symptoms of Overeating Disease?
What Is Tetanus?
What Are the Symptoms of Tetanus?
What Vaccine Should Be Used?
What Dosage Should Be Used and When Should Goats Be Vaccinated?
Use the product as it is recommended on the instructions provided with the vaccine.
When most commonly given?
Kids. Follow vaccine label instructions for timing and dosage, as both differ slightly between manufacturers.
When most commonly given?
How Should Injections Be Given, and Where?
How Should I Handle and Store the Vaccine?
Is There a Slaughter Withdrawal Time?
The Bottom Line
Authors
JM Luginbuhl
Kevin Anderson
Publication date: Sept. 29, 2015

Once a year
Breeding females. Vaccination should be scheduled so that pregnant does receive their second vaccination or annual booster 2 to 6 weeks before kidding. By vaccinating does in late pregnancy, some immunity will be passed on to the kids through the colostrum. Kids. Follow vaccine label instructions for dosage and timing as they differ slightly between manufacturers
If breeding females have been vaccinated before kidding, it is a common practice to vaccinate kids at 10 to 12 weeks of age, followed by a booster at 16 to 18 weeks of age. If breeding females have not been vaccinated before kidding and you experience problems, it is a common practice to vaccinate kids at 4 weeks of age, followed by a booster at 10 weeks of age. How Should Injections Be Given, and Where? Skip to How Should Injections Be Given, and Where? Both Clostridium perfringens Types C D /Tetanus and multivalent clostridial vaccines are given by sub-cutaneous or intramuscular injections. Sub-cutaneous injections are favored because of the greater tissue damage at the injection site from intramuscular injections.

NMSU: Calf Vaccination Guidelines Calf Vaccination Guidelines
Calf Vaccination Guidelines
Option A
Vaccination Timeline—Option A
Option B
Vaccination Timeline—Option B
Option C
Vaccination Timeline—Option C
For more on this topic, see the following publications:
 This guide describes three calf vaccination approaches that have been successfully implemented in cow-calf operations in New Mexico. However, producers should consult with their local veterinarian to design a vaccination program that fits their particular operation. The foundation for each vaccination approach discussed below is the administration a 7- or 8-way clostridial vaccine at 2 to 3 months of age (branding), plus a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine given at the same time for viruses commonly associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. The viruses included in most MLV-BRD vaccines are infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Vaccinations given at 2 to 3 months of age produce initial immunity. However, additional “booster” vaccinations should be administered at or near weaning so the immune systems of the calves become even better prepared to fend off actual disease challenges. Additional vaccinations required to help prevent pneumonia caused by Mannheimia/Pasteurella will be needed, especially during the weaning period. The difference in the three options described below is the timing of booster vaccinations at or near weaning. Producers should consult their veterinarian to determine which MLV vaccine to use at branding. Their input will be valuable in developing your vaccination and deworming protocols.

NMSU: Calf Vaccination Guidelines

Calf Vaccination Guidelines
Calf Vaccination Guidelines
Option A
Vaccination Timeline—Option A
Option B
Vaccination Timeline—Option B
Option C
Vaccination Timeline—Option C
For more on this topic, see the following publications:

This guide describes three calf vaccination approaches that have been successfully implemented in cow-calf operations in New Mexico. However, producers should consult with their local veterinarian to design a vaccination program that fits their particular operation. The foundation for each vaccination approach discussed below is the administration a 7- or 8-way clostridial vaccine at 2 to 3 months of age (branding), plus a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine given at the same time for viruses commonly associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. The viruses included in most MLV-BRD vaccines are infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Vaccinations given at 2 to 3 months of age produce initial immunity. However, additional “booster” vaccinations should be administered at or near weaning so the immune systems of the calves become even better prepared to fend off actual disease challenges. Additional vaccinations required to help prevent pneumonia caused by Mannheimia/Pasteurella will be needed, especially during the weaning period. The difference in the three options described below is the timing of booster vaccinations at or near weaning. Producers should consult their veterinarian to determine which MLV vaccine to use at branding. Their input will be valuable in developing your vaccination and deworming protocols.

Untitled Document

Torremorell M. 1995;4:139-143. Vaccination against S suis Vaccination against
Streptococcus suis
:
Effect on nursery mortality

Field study
Vaccination against Streptococcus suis:
Effect on nursery mortality
Montserrat Torremorell, DVM; Carlos Pijoan, DVM, PhD; Emilio Trigo, DVM, PhD
Summary
Material and methods
Herd history and clinical evaluation
Field vaccine trial
Statistical analysis
Posttrial vaccination protocols
Results
Discussion
Implications
References
 The herd had elevated nursery mortality rates in September 1995 that reached 17%. All affected pigs showed signs of meningitis, arthritis, or a combination of these signs. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 was isolated from the brain samples of 12 necropsied pigs submitted at different times to a diagnostic laboratory. Most of the mortality occurred between 3 and 7 weeks after weaning. Clinically affected pigs were injected with ampicillin and/or ceftiofur sodium and put into a sick pen. During the course of the present study, this herd was concurrently infected with PRRSV and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). A clinical PRRSV outbreak was observed in January 1996, but serology performed in March 1995 had already shown some seropositive pigs. A TGEV outbreak was clinically observed in March 1996 and affected mostly baby and nursery pigs, but no virus isolation was performed. Field vaccine trial
In consultation with the herd owner, a S. suis vaccination program was initiated in November 1995. Because the literature reports inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy of the S. suis vaccines, 4,5,9 we performed a concurrent controlled study in the herd with pigs from only 1 week of production.

The herd had elevated nursery mortality rates in September 1995 that reached 17%. All affected pigs showed signs of meningitis, arthritis, or a combination of these signs. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 was isolated from the brain samples of 12 necropsied pigs submitted at different times to a diagnostic laboratory. Most of the mortality occurred between 3 and 7 weeks after weaning. Clinically affected pigs were injected with ampicillin and/or ceftiofur sodium and put into a sick pen. During the course of the present study, this herd was concurrently infected with PRRSV and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). A clinical PRRSV outbreak was observed in January 1996, but serology performed in March 1995 had already shown some seropositive pigs. A TGEV outbreak was clinically observed in March 1996 and affected mostly baby and nursery pigs, but no virus isolation was performed. Field vaccine trial
In consultation with the herd owner, a S. suis vaccination program was initiated in November 1995. Because the literature reports inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy of the S. suis vaccines, 4,5,9 we performed a concurrent controlled study in the herd with pigs from only 1 week of production.

Recommended Shots for New Born Calves | Pets on Mom.com Recommended Shots for New Born Calves
Recommended Shots for New Born Calves
Clostridial Vaccination
Viral Agents
Tracking
Difference Between Rimadyl and Metacam
Same Class, Different Drugs
Administration, Strengths and Preparations
Side Effects and Contraindications
Drug Interaction
 Clostridial Vaccination
Cholstridial vaccination protects against seven diseases: blackleg, black disease, malignant edema, tetanus and three types of enterotoxemia. This vaccination is available in several combinations of from two to eight agents. Calves should receive these shots at six weeks of age followed by a booster four to six weeks later. At one year, calves should receive their final booster, which will protect them for the rest of their lives. Viral Agents
There are four viral agents that can cause respiratory or reproductive problems in cows: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine virus diarrhea (BVD), parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Each agent has its own vaccination. TSV-2 is for preventing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. An intranasal vaccine is used for PI3.

Recommended Shots for New Born Calves | Pets on Mom.com

Recommended Shots for New Born Calves
Recommended Shots for New Born Calves
Clostridial Vaccination
Viral Agents
Tracking
Difference Between Rimadyl and Metacam
Same Class, Different Drugs
Administration, Strengths and Preparations
Side Effects and Contraindications
Drug Interaction

Clostridial Vaccination
Cholstridial vaccination protects against seven diseases: blackleg, black disease, malignant edema, tetanus and three types of enterotoxemia. This vaccination is available in several combinations of from two to eight agents. Calves should receive these shots at six weeks of age followed by a booster four to six weeks later. At one year, calves should receive their final booster, which will protect them for the rest of their lives. Viral Agents
There are four viral agents that can cause respiratory or reproductive problems in cows: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine virus diarrhea (BVD), parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Each agent has its own vaccination. TSV-2 is for preventing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. An intranasal vaccine is used for PI3.

Diarrheal Disease in Show Swine - How to prevent the diseases? Diarrheal Disease in Show Swine
Diarrheal Disease in Show Swine
Dietary Causes
Parasitic Causes
Bacterial Causes
Viral Causes
Clinical Diagnosis
Postmortem Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Prevention
Summary
For more information
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?
 Do not freeze the carcass because thawing destroys cellular structure and makes microscopic disease diagnosis impossible. If the animal is well preserved, the veterinarian can either send the entire animal carcass to a diagnostic laboratory or perform a necropsy and submit tissues to a diagnostic lab for further tests to confirm a presumptive diagnosis. Other show pigs on the same premises could benefit by early disease recognition and treatment if a diagnosis is confirmed on the deceased animal. Treatment and Control
Veterinarians use no specific treatment for TGE but prescribe electrolytes to minimize dehydration and possibly antibiotics to control secondary bacterial infection. If salmonella diarrhea is diagnosed via culture, a veterinarian will choose the antibiotic that is the most effective and has the shortest withdrawal time. Typically, salmonella that cause diarrhea in show pigs are resistant to the majority of antibiotics; this is why laboratory culture and sensitivity testing are so important. If pigs, treated for possible swine dysentery with lincomycin (Lincomix®) or tiamulin (Denagard®) plus el

Diarrheal Disease in Show Swine - How to prevent the diseases?

Diarrheal Disease in Show Swine
Diarrheal Disease in Show Swine
Dietary Causes
Parasitic Causes
Bacterial Causes
Viral Causes
Clinical Diagnosis
Postmortem Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Prevention
Summary
For more information
Do you have a question -or- need to contact an expert?

Do not freeze the carcass because thawing destroys cellular structure and makes microscopic disease diagnosis impossible. If the animal is well preserved, the veterinarian can either send the entire animal carcass to a diagnostic laboratory or perform a necropsy and submit tissues to a diagnostic lab for further tests to confirm a presumptive diagnosis. Other show pigs on the same premises could benefit by early disease recognition and treatment if a diagnosis is confirmed on the deceased animal. Treatment and Control
Veterinarians use no specific treatment for TGE but prescribe electrolytes to minimize dehydration and possibly antibiotics to control secondary bacterial infection. If salmonella diarrhea is diagnosed via culture, a veterinarian will choose the antibiotic that is the most effective and has the shortest withdrawal time. Typically, salmonella that cause diarrhea in show pigs are resistant to the majority of antibiotics; this is why laboratory culture and sensitivity testing are so important. If pigs, treated for possible swine dysentery with lincomycin (Lincomix®) or tiamulin (Denagard®) plus el

Kunekune Pigs: Perfect for Small Farms | EcoFarming Daily Kunekune Pigs: Perfect for Small Farms
Kunekune Pigs: Perfect for Small Farms
By Karin Kraft
Feeding Kunekune Pigs
Housing Kunekune Pigs
Breeding Kunekune Pigs
Hoof Care
Vaccinations and Worming
Kunekune Tusks
Biggest Mistakes Kunekune Owners Make
Interns
A Smart Investment for the Homestead
 Use the goat hoof trimmer to level the nail to the nail pad and round off the outside edge. Trim off the sharp edges of the dew claws. It will not take more than five minutes to do all four hoofs. Step off the pig and release the front legs. Reward the pig with a piece of fruit and good scratch. Be sure to stretch your back before doing the next one! Vaccinations and Worming
Several veterinarians here in the Pacific Northwest have recommended Rhini Shield TX4 to protect pigs from erysipelas, parvo, atrophic rhinitis, and certain types of pneumonia. If you plan to take your pigs to a fair where there will be other pigs, you will definitely want to vaccinate several weeks beforehand. The main benefit of worming — which really means de-worming — is to ensure that you are actually farming pigs and not worms. Pigs pick up worm eggs from the soil.

Kunekune Pigs: Perfect for Small Farms | EcoFarming Daily

Kunekune Pigs: Perfect for Small Farms
Kunekune Pigs: Perfect for Small Farms
By Karin Kraft
Feeding Kunekune Pigs
Housing Kunekune Pigs
Breeding Kunekune Pigs
Hoof Care
Vaccinations and Worming
Kunekune Tusks
Biggest Mistakes Kunekune Owners Make
Interns
A Smart Investment for the Homestead

Use the goat hoof trimmer to level the nail to the nail pad and round off the outside edge. Trim off the sharp edges of the dew claws. It will not take more than five minutes to do all four hoofs. Step off the pig and release the front legs. Reward the pig with a piece of fruit and good scratch. Be sure to stretch your back before doing the next one! Vaccinations and Worming
Several veterinarians here in the Pacific Northwest have recommended Rhini Shield TX4 to protect pigs from erysipelas, parvo, atrophic rhinitis, and certain types of pneumonia. If you plan to take your pigs to a fair where there will be other pigs, you will definitely want to vaccinate several weeks beforehand. The main benefit of worming — which really means de-worming — is to ensure that you are actually farming pigs and not worms. Pigs pick up worm eggs from the soil.

Complete Guide To Pig Production And Management | NOBOWA.com Complete Guide to Pig Production and Management
Complete Guide to Pig Production and Management
Read also: Detailed Guide to Rabbit Production and Management in Ghana
PRODUCTION
Floor space for sty construction
Read also: Raising Pigs: Choosing a suitable system
FEEDING
Ration for pigs
Read also: 7 Tips on Profitable Farming with Good Records Keeping
Feed Resources
REPRODUCTION
Read also: Pigs Water Requirements : For Optimal Growth and Performance
HUSBANDRY PRACTICES
 7 Tips on Profitable Farming with Good Records Keeping
Feed Resources
Energy source
Maize, cassava, guinea corn, maize bran, rice bran, pito mash, yam, cassava and plantain peels, corn cobs, groundnut skin, cocoa pod husk
Protein source
Fish meal, groundnut cake, copra cake, cottonseed cake, soybean meal, groundnuts, brewers spent grain, palm kernel meal, cassava leaf meal
Mineral source
Common salt, bone meal, dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell
Vitamin source
Commercial vitamins, supplements fish meal, green forages and yellow maize
REPRODUCTION
Gestation period -3 months 3 weeks 3 days (114days)
Weaning-6 weeks
Maturity (sexuality) -6 months, gilts should be mated at 8-9 months of age i.e. 2 nd or 3 rd heat period
Reproduction rate – 2 times in a year
Average litter size -8
Heat period (when the female will allow mating) 21 days cycle
After weaning, the sow comes on the 4 th and 14 th day
Read also: Pigs Water Requirements : For Optimal Growth and Performance
HUSBANDRY PRACTICES
Observe pigs carefully for ill-health daily
Clean pigsty with water every morning
Give adequate clean water morning and afternoon
Castrate unwanted males between the ages of 1-3 weeks of birth or soon after weaning
Administer iron dextran to newborn piglets within the first 3 days (dosage is 2 cc/piglet)
Clip needle teeth of piglets within first 3 days of birth
Deworm mature boars 3 time/year, growing pigs 3 times i.e. once during each phase of the life cycle (starting, growing and finishing), pregnant sows 10 days before the farrowing date and lactating sows, before or soon after weaning. Reference: Pig Production ( mofa.gov.gh)
Tags
Livestock production
pig production
Raphael Atta Peprah
Livestock Officer at the Department Of Agriculture with a decade of experience in livestock production and working with farmers. It is a life-fulfilling experience to share with you my expertise on this platform.

Complete Guide To Pig Production And Management | NOBOWA.com

Complete Guide to Pig Production and Management
Complete Guide to Pig Production and Management
Read also: Detailed Guide to Rabbit Production and Management in Ghana
PRODUCTION
Floor space for sty construction
Read also: Raising Pigs: Choosing a suitable system
FEEDING
Ration for pigs
Read also: 7 Tips on Profitable Farming with Good Records Keeping
Feed Resources
REPRODUCTION
Read also: Pigs Water Requirements : For Optimal Growth and Performance
HUSBANDRY PRACTICES

Common Vaccinations for Goats - dummies Common Vaccinations for Goats
Common Vaccinations for Goats That doesn’t mean that they aren’t effective or can’t be used in goats but that they haven’t been formally tested on goats. Most goat owners with small herds usually don’t need any vaccines other than CDT. In areas where rabies is rampant, some veterinarians recommend that you vaccinate your goats for rabies, even though it isn’t approved for goats. It is a good idea to work with a veterinarian to determine what is right for your circumstances. Here are the common vaccines for goats: Goat Vaccinations
Vaccine
Disease Protected Against
When to Give
CDT
Enterotoxemia and Tetanus
Does: Fourth month of pregnancy
Kids: 1 month old and one month later
All: Booster annually
Pneumonia
Pasteurella multocida or Mannheimia Haemolytica pneumonia
Two doses 2–4 weeks apart
CLA
Cornybacterium pseudotuberculosis
Kids: 6 months old, 3 weeks later and annual
booster
Rabies
Rabies
Annually
Chlamydia
Chlamydia abortion
First 28–45 days of pregnancy
Soremouth
Orf
Annually
All goat vaccines are formulated to be and so must be given as injections.

Common Vaccinations for Goats - dummies

Common Vaccinations for Goats
Common Vaccinations for Goats

That doesn’t mean that they aren’t effective or can’t be used in goats but that they haven’t been formally tested on goats. Most goat owners with small herds usually don’t need any vaccines other than CDT. In areas where rabies is rampant, some veterinarians recommend that you vaccinate your goats for rabies, even though it isn’t approved for goats. It is a good idea to work with a veterinarian to determine what is right for your circumstances. Here are the common vaccines for goats: Goat Vaccinations
Vaccine
Disease Protected Against
When to Give
CDT
Enterotoxemia and Tetanus
Does: Fourth month of pregnancy
Kids: 1 month old and one month later
All: Booster annually
Pneumonia
Pasteurella multocida or Mannheimia Haemolytica pneumonia
Two doses 2–4 weeks apart
CLA
Cornybacterium pseudotuberculosis
Kids: 6 months old, 3 weeks later and annual
booster
Rabies
Rabies
Annually
Chlamydia
Chlamydia abortion
First 28–45 days of pregnancy
Soremouth
Orf
Annually
All goat vaccines are formulated to be and so must be given as injections.

Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs - Respiratory System - Merck Veterinary Manual Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic rhinitis, pig
Etiology:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Control:
Others also read
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual
 A high level of colostral immunity is acquired by piglets nursing vaccinated sows. An intranasal vaccine using modified-live strains of B bronchiseptica is also available for young pigs. © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA)
Overview of Respiratory Diseases of Pigs
Was This Page Helpful? Yes
No
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia in Pigs
Others also read
Necrotic Rhinitis in Pigs
Pasteurellosis in Pigs
Breeding Management in Pigs
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual
Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America.

Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs - Respiratory System - Merck Veterinary Manual

Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs
Atrophic rhinitis, pig
Etiology:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Control:
Others also read
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual

A high level of colostral immunity is acquired by piglets nursing vaccinated sows. An intranasal vaccine using modified-live strains of B bronchiseptica is also available for young pigs. © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA)
Overview of Respiratory Diseases of Pigs
Was This Page Helpful? Yes
No
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia in Pigs
Others also read
Necrotic Rhinitis in Pigs
Pasteurellosis in Pigs
Breeding Management in Pigs
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual
Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America.

Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS) | The Pig Site Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
Background and history
Similar diseases
Clinical signs
Piglets
Sows
Weaners and growers
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Rate of PCV2 recombination not widely recognized
Internal biosecurity essential to endemic disease control on pig farms
Microalgae potential to mop up waste in meat processing
 Use a homozygous or heterozygous male on stress gene free females if the gene is to be used to improve carcase quality. Maintain a gene free herd. Treatment
This is usually ineffective but the following are worth adopting: Spray the pig with cold water to control the temperature rises. Inject 50-100ml of calcium gluconate (used in cows for milk fever) by intramuscular injections at two separate sites. Seek veterinary advice. Sedate the pig with stresnil. Do not move or cause undue muscle activity. Give an injection of vitamin E 2iu/kg. Latest articles
Rate of PCV2 recombination not widely recognized
20 May 2021 Sponsored
An interview with Meggan Bandrick, DVM, PhD Associate, Director Global Biologics Research, Zoetis
Internal biosecurity essential to endemic disease control on pig farms
19 May 2021
Establishing effective internal biosecurity protocols is critical to breaking the circular spread of influenza and other…
Microalgae potential to mop up waste in meat processing
19 May 2021
Ambitious research is underway to clean abattoir wastewater and convert into useable products

Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS) | The Pig Site

Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
Background and history
Similar diseases
Clinical signs
Piglets
Sows
Weaners and growers
Diagnosis
Causes
Prevention
Treatment
Latest articles
Rate of PCV2 recombination not widely recognized
Internal biosecurity essential to endemic disease control on pig farms
Microalgae potential to mop up waste in meat processing

Use a homozygous or heterozygous male on stress gene free females if the gene is to be used to improve carcase quality. Maintain a gene free herd. Treatment
This is usually ineffective but the following are worth adopting: Spray the pig with cold water to control the temperature rises. Inject 50-100ml of calcium gluconate (used in cows for milk fever) by intramuscular injections at two separate sites. Seek veterinary advice. Sedate the pig with stresnil. Do not move or cause undue muscle activity. Give an injection of vitamin E 2iu/kg. Latest articles
Rate of PCV2 recombination not widely recognized
20 May 2021 Sponsored
An interview with Meggan Bandrick, DVM, PhD Associate, Director Global Biologics Research, Zoetis
Internal biosecurity essential to endemic disease control on pig farms
19 May 2021
Establishing effective internal biosecurity protocols is critical to breaking the circular spread of influenza and other…
Microalgae potential to mop up waste in meat processing
19 May 2021
Ambitious research is underway to clean abattoir wastewater and convert into useable products

FarrowSure GOLD B for Animal Use - Drugs.com

FarrowSure GOLD B is for vaccination of healthy breeding swine as an aid in preventing reproductive failure caused by porcine parvovirus (PPV), erysipelas caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and leptospirosis caused by Leptospira bratislava, L. canicola, L. grippotyphosa, L. hardjo, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and L. pomona. An 18-week duration of immunity following vaccination has been demonstrated against erysipelas. FarrowSure GOLD B is a liquid preparation of porcine parvovirus grown on an established porcine cell line, a serum-free, clarified E. rhusiopathiae culture, and whole cell cultures of the 6 Leptospira serovars identified above. The antigens have been chemically inactivated and adjuvanted with 2 adjuvants, including Amphigen ®, to enhance the immune response. DISEASE DESCRIPTION: PPV and Leptospira are common agents of reproductive loss in swine. While infection with either of these pathogens may produce subclinical disease, infection with PPV during pregnancy may result in fetal resorption, fetal mummification and stillbirths. Infection by Leptospira during the second half of pregnancy may cause abortions and stillbirths; late-term abortions are the most important economic effect of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis caused by any of the serovars represented here cannot be clinically differentiated.

Goat Vaccination Program – Goats Goat Vaccination Program
Goat Vaccination Program
Recommended Vaccination
Optional Vaccinations
 Dogs and cats should always be vaccinated, and guardian animals should also be considered for vaccination. There are foot rot and foot scald vaccines labeled for sheep and/or cattle only. The vaccine does not prevent the disease from occurring. It can help control or eliminate the problem if used with good management, including culling chronically infected animals, regular foot trimming, soaking feet in hoof bath and keeping animals in a clean, dry environment. Foot rot vaccines should be given every three to six months and especially prior to times when there may be hoof problems, such as the wet/rainy season. Follow label directions for dosage, methods, and timing of vaccinations. Vaccinations for abortions and pneumonia are available for some species. Get a diagnosis for abortions before using a vaccine. Chlamydia and Toxoplasmosis are common microorganisms that can cause abortions, and producers can vaccinate for these if the disease gets in the herd. If the vaccine is used, a booster should be given each year, two to four weeks prior to the breeding season.

Goat Vaccination Program – Goats

Goat Vaccination Program
Goat Vaccination Program
Recommended Vaccination
Optional Vaccinations

Dogs and cats should always be vaccinated, and guardian animals should also be considered for vaccination. There are foot rot and foot scald vaccines labeled for sheep and/or cattle only. The vaccine does not prevent the disease from occurring. It can help control or eliminate the problem if used with good management, including culling chronically infected animals, regular foot trimming, soaking feet in hoof bath and keeping animals in a clean, dry environment. Foot rot vaccines should be given every three to six months and especially prior to times when there may be hoof problems, such as the wet/rainy season. Follow label directions for dosage, methods, and timing of vaccinations. Vaccinations for abortions and pneumonia are available for some species. Get a diagnosis for abortions before using a vaccine. Chlamydia and Toxoplasmosis are common microorganisms that can cause abortions, and producers can vaccinate for these if the disease gets in the herd. If the vaccine is used, a booster should be given each year, two to four weeks prior to the breeding season.

PigProgress - Iron for piglets: injection or oral? Iron for piglets: injection or oral?
Iron for piglets: injection or oral?
By Emmy Koeleman
 general general
Piglets need iron supplements as they have a low deposit at birth, have a high grow rate and normally not have the ability to get the iron from soil. Sow milk only covers 10% of the iron need: this comes down to an iron deficit of approximately 155 mg per piglet. An iron injection is the most common method of filling this gap, but oral supplementation is a good alternative with some positive side effects. By Emmy Koeleman
The iron (Fe) may be given as an injection or be based on voluntary consumption. While early conventional iron injection is a safe way of securing sufficient iron to all the suckling piglets, there is some evidence that early iron injection as opposed to voluntary oral Fe intake may increase the risk of joint infections and generalized infectious diseases in the piglets. A study by Holmgren from 1996 revealed that about 10 percent of the piglets get polyarthritis if injected with iron on the first day of life. If piglets were first injected with iron in their fifth day of life, the incidence of polyarthritis was significantly reduced (p <0.01), and if they instead of iron injection received iron orally via an iron-enriched rooting material, the incidence of polyarthritis was further reduced (p <0.001). A similar study by Rantzer et al presented at IPVS this summer showed a similar picture with regard to arthritis and iron injection. An early injection (day 1-4) leads to more polyathritis (17.5 pecent) A later injection reduced the prevalence of joint infection, but the growth was reduced.

PigProgress - Iron for piglets: injection or oral?

Iron for piglets: injection or oral?
Iron for piglets: injection or oral?
By Emmy Koeleman

Ileitis Control | Swine Health Ileitis Control
Ileitis Control
Ileitis control
The underestimated disease
Lawsonia intracellularis
Clinical Signs and Lesions
Diagnostics and Control
Vaccination
 PHE primarily affects older pigs, gilts and boars. Bloody diarrhea is often accompanied by acute deaths in PHE affected pigs. Even when the disease is occurring in a mild form, with little or no obvious clinical signs, the economic impact can be enormous. Diagnostics and Control
Diagnostics start with evaluating the disease history on farm, observing the clinical signs, conducting necropsies and taking the relevant samples. Diagnosis needs to be confirmed by laboratory tests including histology, detection of Lawsonia intracellularis antigen in tissue (IHC, PCR) and antibodies in serum (ELISA). While initial outbreaks of the disease might be treated with antibiotics, vaccination provides a more sustainable solution to protect pigs against the impact of Ileitis. Vaccination
As Lawsonia intracellularis is an intracellular enteric pathogen, local and cellular immunity are most relevant for protection. The logical approach for a successful vaccine to control Ileitis is therefore a modified live vaccine that can be applied orally. ©2017 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
POR-0237-GEN0417

Ileitis Control | Swine Health

Ileitis Control
Ileitis Control
Ileitis control
The underestimated disease
Lawsonia intracellularis
Clinical Signs and Lesions
Diagnostics and Control
Vaccination

PHE primarily affects older pigs, gilts and boars. Bloody diarrhea is often accompanied by acute deaths in PHE affected pigs. Even when the disease is occurring in a mild form, with little or no obvious clinical signs, the economic impact can be enormous. Diagnostics and Control
Diagnostics start with evaluating the disease history on farm, observing the clinical signs, conducting necropsies and taking the relevant samples. Diagnosis needs to be confirmed by laboratory tests including histology, detection of Lawsonia intracellularis antigen in tissue (IHC, PCR) and antibodies in serum (ELISA). While initial outbreaks of the disease might be treated with antibiotics, vaccination provides a more sustainable solution to protect pigs against the impact of Ileitis. Vaccination
As Lawsonia intracellularis is an intracellular enteric pathogen, local and cellular immunity are most relevant for protection. The logical approach for a successful vaccine to control Ileitis is therefore a modified live vaccine that can be applied orally. ©2017 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
POR-0237-GEN0417

Swine Erysipelas - Generalized Conditions - Merck Veterinary Manual Swine Erysipelas
Swine Erysipelas
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Was This Page Helpful?
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual
 Septicemic salmonellosis due to Salmonella Choleraesuis infection, classical swine fever due to pestivirus infection, and septicemia and endocarditis due to Streptococcus suis infection should be considered, based on similarity of lesions. Similar skin lesions can be found with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome caused by porcine circovirus, or infection with classical swine fever virus or Actinobacillus suis. Glasser’s disease due to Haemophilus parasuis infection and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae infection can precipitate similar changes in synovial tissues and joints of affected pigs. Treatment
Preventive treatment through vaccination should be emphasized
Early treatment with appropriate antibiotics, particularly penicillin, generally leads to recovery
E rhusiopathiae is sensitive to penicillin. Ideally, affected pigs should be treated at 12-hour intervals for a minimum of 3 days, although longer durations of therapy may be necessary to resolve severe infections. On an economic basis, penicillin is the best choice for antibiotic therapy, but ampicillin and ceftiofur also yield satisfactory results in acute cases. When injecting large numbers of affected pigs is impractical, tetracyclines delivered in the feed or w

Swine Erysipelas - Generalized Conditions - Merck Veterinary Manual

Swine Erysipelas
Swine Erysipelas
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Key Points
Was This Page Helpful?
Also of Interest
Merck and the Merck Veterinary Manual

Septicemic salmonellosis due to Salmonella Choleraesuis infection, classical swine fever due to pestivirus infection, and septicemia and endocarditis due to Streptococcus suis infection should be considered, based on similarity of lesions. Similar skin lesions can be found with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome caused by porcine circovirus, or infection with classical swine fever virus or Actinobacillus suis. Glasser’s disease due to Haemophilus parasuis infection and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae infection can precipitate similar changes in synovial tissues and joints of affected pigs. Treatment
Preventive treatment through vaccination should be emphasized
Early treatment with appropriate antibiotics, particularly penicillin, generally leads to recovery
E rhusiopathiae is sensitive to penicillin. Ideally, affected pigs should be treated at 12-hour intervals for a minimum of 3 days, although longer durations of therapy may be necessary to resolve severe infections. On an economic basis, penicillin is the best choice for antibiotic therapy, but ampicillin and ceftiofur also yield satisfactory results in acute cases. When injecting large numbers of affected pigs is impractical, tetracyclines delivered in the feed or w

Injecting pigs the correct way Injecting pigs the correct way
Injecting pigs the correct way
How to deal with aggression in pigs
 Intramuscular and subcutaneous in the neck; 3. Intravenous into the ear vein as the jugular is too deeply buried; 4. Subcutaneous above and behind the ear. Photo: FW Archive
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Piglets kept in concrete pens often need iron injections in their first few days. Backyard pigs should be annually vaccinated against diamond skin disease and injected with Ivomectin to control internal parasites and mange. Sick pigs may need antibiotic injections, but it is better to leave this to a vet. For vaccinating adult or weanling pigs, use a 5ml syringe and a short 19- or 20-gauge needle.

Injecting pigs the correct way

Injecting pigs the correct way
Injecting pigs the correct way
How to deal with aggression in pigs

Intramuscular and subcutaneous in the neck; 3. Intravenous into the ear vein as the jugular is too deeply buried; 4. Subcutaneous above and behind the ear. Photo: FW Archive
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Piglets kept in concrete pens often need iron injections in their first few days. Backyard pigs should be annually vaccinated against diamond skin disease and injected with Ivomectin to control internal parasites and mange. Sick pigs may need antibiotic injections, but it is better to leave this to a vet. For vaccinating adult or weanling pigs, use a 5ml syringe and a short 19- or 20-gauge needle.

Pug Vaccinations: Getting Your Pug Vaccinated Diseases Distemper
Pug Vaccinations: Getting your Pug Vaccinated Pug Puppy for Sale in Massachusetts
Vaccinations are a very important part of Pug ownership. Your Pug should be properly vaccinated against certain diseases at certain times to help protect him and other animals he may come in to contact with. The following is an explanation of vaccinations and why they should be given. When you get a puppy, most likely your veterinarian will recommend a series of three sets of vaccinations. These will generally be given at four week intervals starting at eight weeks of age. The first vaccine will most likely be referred to as "distemper." This is usually a combination shot that will protect your Pug against distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, leptospirosis, and coronavirus. Distemper -a highly contagious disease caused by a virus that is similar to measles in humans. It can affect Pugs of all ages but is most often seen in unvaccinated puppies. It attacks the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and nervous systems.

Pug Vaccinations: Getting Your Pug Vaccinated Diseases Distemper

Pug Vaccinations: Getting your Pug Vaccinated

Pug Puppy for Sale in Massachusetts
Vaccinations are a very important part of Pug ownership. Your Pug should be properly vaccinated against certain diseases at certain times to help protect him and other animals he may come in to contact with. The following is an explanation of vaccinations and why they should be given. When you get a puppy, most likely your veterinarian will recommend a series of three sets of vaccinations. These will generally be given at four week intervals starting at eight weeks of age. The first vaccine will most likely be referred to as "distemper." This is usually a combination shot that will protect your Pug against distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, leptospirosis, and coronavirus. Distemper -a highly contagious disease caused by a virus that is similar to measles in humans. It can affect Pugs of all ages but is most often seen in unvaccinated puppies. It attacks the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and nervous systems.

Erysipelas Associated Lameness - Farmers Weekly Erysipelas Associated Lameness
Erysipelas Associated Lameness
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Hygiene is also important. Cleaning of yards between batches with washing and disinfection + lime washing will prevent a build up of organisms from batch to batch and, in particular, will avoid the pigs meeting a large challenge dose (which would be most likely to induce a hypersensitivity reaction) on arrival in yards. Moreover, whilst vaccination is not in itself effective at preventing Erysipelas arthritis, a vaccine programme applied early in life (6-8 weeks old) will mean that pigs entering the finishing stage 1 month later will be immune and, thus, limit the multiplication of Erysipelas organisms that will then constitute a heavy challenge from penmates. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on clinical signs supported by serological tests. It is not usually possible to grow the organism from the joints. On a herd basis, lameness and leg problems in finishing pigs particularly – but not exclusively – housed in straw yards should raise a suspicion of Erysipelas, particularly if this coincides with partial (leg) condemnation at slaughter. Confirmation of disease can then lead to a structured control programme to minimise the effects. While every effort is made to ensure that the content of this forecast is accurate at the time of publication, NADIS cannot accept responsibility for errors or omissions. All information is general and will need to be adapted in the light of individual farm circumstances in consultation with your veterinary surgeon
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Erysipelas Associated Lameness - Farmers Weekly

Erysipelas Associated Lameness
Erysipelas Associated Lameness
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Clostridium perfringens Type C Enteritis in Pigs - Digestive System - Merck Veterinary Manual Clostridium perfringens
Type C Enteritis in Pigs

Clostridium perfringens Type C Enteritis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Treatment and Control:
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 Treatment and Control: Treatment of pigs with clinical signs is of little benefit because lesions usually are irreversible at the onset of diarrhea. In an acute outbreak, prophylactic administration of type C antitoxin or antibiotic (or both) parenterally or PO is protective if given to piglets within 2 hr of birth. The disease tends to recur on infected premises. Vaccination of gestating sows at 6 and 3 wk before parturition with type C bacterin-toxoid confers some passive lactogenic immunity to subsequent litters, if piglets consume colostrum soon after birth. Once immunized with two doses of bacterin-toxoid, sows should receive one dose ~3 wk before each subsequent farrowing. © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA)
Clostridium perfringens Type A Enteritis in Pigs
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Clostridium perfringens Type C Enteritis in Pigs - Digestive System - Merck Veterinary Manual

Clostridium perfringens
Type C Enteritis in Pigs

Clostridium perfringens Type C Enteritis in Pigs
Etiology and Pathogenesis:
Clinical Findings:
Lesions:
Diagnosis:
Treatment and Control:
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Treatment and Control: Treatment of pigs with clinical signs is of little benefit because lesions usually are irreversible at the onset of diarrhea. In an acute outbreak, prophylactic administration of type C antitoxin or antibiotic (or both) parenterally or PO is protective if given to piglets within 2 hr of birth. The disease tends to recur on infected premises. Vaccination of gestating sows at 6 and 3 wk before parturition with type C bacterin-toxoid confers some passive lactogenic immunity to subsequent litters, if piglets consume colostrum soon after birth. Once immunized with two doses of bacterin-toxoid, sows should receive one dose ~3 wk before each subsequent farrowing. © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA)
Clostridium perfringens Type A Enteritis in Pigs
Was This Page Helpful? Edema Disease in Pigs
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Calfhood Vaccinations Calfhood Vaccinations
Calfhood Vaccinations
by Heather Thomas
 "Vaccination at some point during the first 3 months of life can be extremely beneficial and can reduce problems at weaning time," Alley says. The earlier vaccination can set them up, and the weaning vaccination acts like a booster. "Many producers don't give clostridial vaccines to calves until they are at least 3 to 4 months of age, and then we try to make sure they get a booster after that. If a herd has a history of problems in young calves, we recommend clostridial vaccines be given soon after birth," Alley says. "We try to convince producers about the benefit of vaccinating while calves are still on the cow. The calves are not as stressed and build better immunity. If producers don't do early vaccinations, we recommend they vaccinate calves two to four weeks prior to the date of weaning, with the viral and clostridial vaccines. They may not need pasteurella or pinkeye, depending on the risk factors for that herd or farm. Then the calves get boosters at the day of weaning," he says. [Click here to go to the top of the page.]

Calfhood Vaccinations

Calfhood Vaccinations
Calfhood Vaccinations
by Heather Thomas

"Vaccination at some point during the first 3 months of life can be extremely beneficial and can reduce problems at weaning time," Alley says. The earlier vaccination can set them up, and the weaning vaccination acts like a booster. "Many producers don't give clostridial vaccines to calves until they are at least 3 to 4 months of age, and then we try to make sure they get a booster after that. If a herd has a history of problems in young calves, we recommend clostridial vaccines be given soon after birth," Alley says. "We try to convince producers about the benefit of vaccinating while calves are still on the cow. The calves are not as stressed and build better immunity. If producers don't do early vaccinations, we recommend they vaccinate calves two to four weeks prior to the date of weaning, with the viral and clostridial vaccines. They may not need pasteurella or pinkeye, depending on the risk factors for that herd or farm. Then the calves get boosters at the day of weaning," he says. [Click here to go to the top of the page.]