Question: which part of the life cycle is dominant in bryophyte?

Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations - | Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail |
Chapter: 11th 12th standard bio zoology Human Body higher secondary school
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations
 It is called sporophyte because it undergoes asexual reproduction to produce spores. Production of spores involves meiosis, so that there is a return to the haploid condition. The haploid spores give rise to the gametophyte generation. One of the two generations is always more conspicuous and occupies a greater proportion of the life cycle. This generation is called as the dominant generation. In all Bryophytes the gametophyte generation is dominant. In all other land plants the sporophyte generation is dominant. It is customary to place the dominant generation in the top half of the life cycle diagram. The figure given above summarises the life cycle of a typical Bryophyte. One point that must be remembered here is that gamete production involves mitosis and not meiosis as in animals.

Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations

Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations - | Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail |
Chapter: 11th 12th standard bio zoology Human Body higher secondary school
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations

It is called sporophyte because it undergoes asexual reproduction to produce spores. Production of spores involves meiosis, so that there is a return to the haploid condition. The haploid spores give rise to the gametophyte generation. One of the two generations is always more conspicuous and occupies a greater proportion of the life cycle. This generation is called as the dominant generation. In all Bryophytes the gametophyte generation is dominant. In all other land plants the sporophyte generation is dominant. It is customary to place the dominant generation in the top half of the life cycle diagram. The figure given above summarises the life cycle of a typical Bryophyte. One point that must be remembered here is that gamete production involves mitosis and not meiosis as in animals.

Bryophyte - Definition, Characteristics, Life Cycle and Examples Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Bryophyte Definition
Bryophyte Characteristics
Bryophyte Life Cycle
Bryophyte Examples
Liverworts
Mosses
Hornworts
Quiz
References
Cite This Article
 A. Zygote
B. Sporangium
C. Sporophyte
D. Gametophyte
Answer to Question #2
D is correct. All bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle. During this stage, the plant is haploid and the sex organs that produce the gametes are developed. Bryophytes are unique compared to many other plant species in that they remain in this stage for long periods. References
Asakawa et al. ( 2013). Phytochemical and biological studies of bryophytes. Phytochemistry. 91:52-80. Medina et al. (

Bryophyte - Definition, Characteristics, Life Cycle and Examples

Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Bryophyte Definition
Bryophyte Characteristics
Bryophyte Life Cycle
Bryophyte Examples
Liverworts
Mosses
Hornworts
Quiz
References
Cite This Article

A. Zygote
B. Sporangium
C. Sporophyte
D. Gametophyte
Answer to Question #2
D is correct. All bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle. During this stage, the plant is haploid and the sex organs that produce the gametes are developed. Bryophytes are unique compared to many other plant species in that they remain in this stage for long periods. References
Asakawa et al. ( 2013). Phytochemical and biological studies of bryophytes. Phytochemistry. 91:52-80. Medina et al. (

Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations - | Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail |
Chapter: 11th 12th standard bio zoology Human Body higher secondary school
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations
 In all Bryophytes the gametophyte generation is dominant. In all other land plants the sporophyte generation is dominant. It is customary to place the dominant generation in the top half of the life cycle diagram. The figure given above summarises the life cycle of a typical Bryophyte. One point that must be remembered here is that gamete production involves mitosis and not meiosis as in animals. Meiosis occurs before the production of spores. Prev Page
Next Page
Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail

Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations

In all Bryophytes the gametophyte generation is dominant. In all other land plants the sporophyte generation is dominant. It is customary to place the dominant generation in the top half of the life cycle diagram. The figure given above summarises the life cycle of a typical Bryophyte. One point that must be remembered here is that gamete production involves mitosis and not meiosis as in animals. Meiosis occurs before the production of spores. Prev Page
Next Page
Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail

 Kingdom Plantae, Part I - Bryophytes and Ferns
Kingdom

Plantae,

Part

I

-

Bryophytes

and

Ferns

I.

Introduction

II.

Objectives:

III.

Part

I

-

Bryophytes

Examination

of

living/preserved

Polytrichum:

Examination

of

prepared

moss

slides:

IV.

Part

II

-

Ferns

Examination

of

fern

sporophyte

and

section

of

sorus:

Observation

of

a

fern

gametophyte:

Fern

gametophyte

with

attached

sporophyte:

V.

Review

Questions

Other:

 Using

the

cladogram

in

Figure

1

as

a

guide,

which

structures

do

bryophytes

lack

that

all

other

plants

(ferns

and

seed

plants)

possess? List

at

least

three. The

photosynthetic

portion

of

a

bryophyte

is

called

a

thallus. Remember,

bryophytes

lack

vascular

tissue,

so

they

do

not

possess

true

leaves,

roots,

or

stems

like

vascular

plants. The

life

cycle

of

bryophytes

is

characterized

by

distinct

alternation

of

generations

in

which

the

gametophyte

is

the

dominant

stage

of

the

life

cycle. The

gametophyte

stage

is

dominant

because

it

is

larger

and

longer

lasting

than

the

sporophyte

stage,

and

the

sporophyte

is

nutritionally

dependent

on

the

gametophyte. The

gametophytes

are

either

male

or

female. Male

gametophytes

develop

male

sex

organs

called

antheridia,

which

produce

flagellated,

swimming

sperm. Female

gametophytes

develop

female

sex

organs

called

archegonia,

which

produce

eggs. Bryophytes

require

water

for

sexual

reproduction

because

the

antheridia

and

archegonia

are

on

separate

individual

gametophytes,

so

sperm

must

swim

to

the

archegonia

in

drops

of

water.

Kingdom Plantae, Part I - Bryophytes and Ferns
Kingdom

Plantae,

Part

I

-

Bryophytes

and

Ferns

I.

Introduction

II.

Objectives:

III.

Part

I

-

Bryophytes

Examination

of

living/preserved

Polytrichum:

Examination

of

prepared

moss

slides:

IV.

Part

II

-

Ferns

Examination

of

fern

sporophyte

and

section

of

sorus:

Observation

of

a

fern

gametophyte:

Fern

gametophyte

with

attached

sporophyte:

V.

Review

Questions

Other:

Using

the

cladogram

in

Figure

1

as

a

guide,

which

structures

do

bryophytes

lack

that

all

other

plants

(ferns

and

seed

plants)

possess? List

at

least

three. The

photosynthetic

portion

of

a

bryophyte

is

called

a

thallus. Remember,

bryophytes

lack

vascular

tissue,

so

they

do

not

possess

true

leaves,

roots,

or

stems

like

vascular

plants. The

life

cycle

of

bryophytes

is

characterized

by

distinct

alternation

of

generations

in

which

the

gametophyte

is

the

dominant

stage

of

the

life

cycle. The

gametophyte

stage

is

dominant

because

it

is

larger

and

longer

lasting

than

the

sporophyte

stage,

and

the

sporophyte

is

nutritionally

dependent

on

the

gametophyte. The

gametophytes

are

either

male

or

female. Male

gametophytes

develop

male

sex

organs

called

antheridia,

which

produce

flagellated,

swimming

sperm. Female

gametophytes

develop

female

sex

organs

called

archegonia,

which

produce

eggs. Bryophytes

require

water

for

sexual

reproduction

because

the

antheridia

and

archegonia

are

on

separate

individual

gametophytes,

so

sperm

must

swim

to

the

archegonia

in

drops

of

water.

 What phase of the bryophyte life cycle is dominant? Bryophytes or Moss plants life cycle goes with two stages. The
two stages are the haploid (gametophyte) and the diploid
(sporophyte) which is the dominant stage. How are the fern sporophyte and gametophyte stage the same? In reference to the sporophyte and gametophyte, are the stages
of the plant's life cycle thus being the same. When a plants life cycle alternates between a sporophyte and a gametophyte? photosynthesis
What is the dominant stage of the vascular plant? Sporophyte-dominant life cycle
The dominant phase of an angiosperm life cycle is the? The (2n) sporophyte is the dominant life cycle for an
angiosperm
What are the two major stages of a plant's life cycle? The Sporophyte stage and the gametophyte stage
The life cycle of plants alternates between?

What phase of the bryophyte life cycle is dominant? Bryophytes or Moss plants life cycle goes with two stages. The
two stages are the haploid (gametophyte) and the diploid
(sporophyte) which is the dominant stage. How are the fern sporophyte and gametophyte stage the same? In reference to the sporophyte and gametophyte, are the stages
of the plant's life cycle thus being the same. When a plants life cycle alternates between a sporophyte and a gametophyte? photosynthesis
What is the dominant stage of the vascular plant? Sporophyte-dominant life cycle
The dominant phase of an angiosperm life cycle is the? The (2n) sporophyte is the dominant life cycle for an
angiosperm
What are the two major stages of a plant's life cycle? The Sporophyte stage and the gametophyte stage
The life cycle of plants alternates between?

 the haploid gametophyte stage is
dominant for these. During the life cycle of a plant gametophyte is to n as sporophyte is to? Basically, plants have two stages in their life cycle, they can
appear as a gametophyte or a sporophyte. What are the differences between the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage of the plant life-cycle? the gametophyte stage begins with meiosis and the sporophyte
stage begins with fertilization. What phase of the bryophyte life cycle is dominant? Bryophytes or Moss plants life cycle goes with two stages. The
two stages are the haploid (gametophyte) and the diploid
(sporophyte) which is the dominant stage. How are the fern sporophyte and gametophyte stage the same? In reference to the sporophyte and gametophyte, are the stages
of the plant's life cycle thus being the same.

the haploid gametophyte stage is
dominant for these. During the life cycle of a plant gametophyte is to n as sporophyte is to? Basically, plants have two stages in their life cycle, they can
appear as a gametophyte or a sporophyte. What are the differences between the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage of the plant life-cycle? the gametophyte stage begins with meiosis and the sporophyte
stage begins with fertilization. What phase of the bryophyte life cycle is dominant? Bryophytes or Moss plants life cycle goes with two stages. The
two stages are the haploid (gametophyte) and the diploid
(sporophyte) which is the dominant stage. How are the fern sporophyte and gametophyte stage the same? In reference to the sporophyte and gametophyte, are the stages
of the plant's life cycle thus being the same.

Life Cycle of Bryophytes - Meaning & Life Cycle - Biology Reader Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Content: Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Meaning of Bryophytes
Life Cycle
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Gametophyte Stage
Sporophyte Stage
Conclusion
 Life Cycle of Bryophytes - Meaning & Life Cycle - Biology Reader
Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Leave a Comment / Botany / By Supriya N
The life cycle of bryophytes has two alternations of generations, one is haploid gametophyte generation and the other is diploid saprophytic generation. In both the life cycle, the bryophytes possess different morphology and physiological functions. Between these two alternations of generation, the haploid gametophyte phase lasts longer or dominates the diploid saprophytic phase. Gametophytes (male and female gametes) are developed by the heterosporous (two types) bryophytes, where one kind of spore develops a male gametophyte, while the other develops a female gametophyte. Content: Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Meaning
Life Cycle
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Conclusion
Meaning of Bryophytes
Bryophytes are the terrestrial, non-vascular plants that grow in damp or humid habitats and reproduce via spore generation instead from seed germination. Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are the three common plants that come under the bryophyte group. There is one thing in common among the non vascular plants (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) that all possess small leaves, but lacks flowers, wood and true root system. In addition, the bryophytes possess dual generations (gametophytic and sporophytic phase) in their life cycle. Unlike vascular plants, bryophytes can survive in variety of habitats (rocks, roof , bare soil etc.)

Life Cycle of Bryophytes - Meaning & Life Cycle - Biology Reader

Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Content: Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Meaning of Bryophytes
Life Cycle
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Gametophyte Stage
Sporophyte Stage
Conclusion

Life Cycle of a Plant and Alteration of Generations: Examples and Videos Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations
Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations
Suggested Videos
Alternation of Generations
Browse more Topics under Plant Kingdom
Know some terms
Life Cycle of a Plant
Solved Questions For You
 Bryophytes and Pteridophytes show an intermediate condition called the haplo-diplontic life cycle, where phases are multicellular. But the dominant phase differs. In Bryophytes, the dominant phase is the gametophyte and in Pteridophytes, it is the sporophyte. Solved Questions For You
Q. What generation does the flowering plants in your garden represent- Sporophyte or gametophyte? Ans. Flowering plants represent the sporophyte generation. Q. In Bryophytes which stage is dominant? Ans. Gametophyte stage is dominant in Bryophytes.

Life Cycle of a Plant and Alteration of Generations: Examples and Videos

Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations
Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations
Suggested Videos
Alternation of Generations
Browse more Topics under Plant Kingdom
Know some terms
Life Cycle of a Plant
Solved Questions For You

Bryophytes and Pteridophytes show an intermediate condition called the haplo-diplontic life cycle, where phases are multicellular. But the dominant phase differs. In Bryophytes, the dominant phase is the gametophyte and in Pteridophytes, it is the sporophyte. Solved Questions For You
Q. What generation does the flowering plants in your garden represent- Sporophyte or gametophyte? Ans. Flowering plants represent the sporophyte generation. Q. In Bryophytes which stage is dominant? Ans. Gametophyte stage is dominant in Bryophytes.

Life Cycle - in a nutshell - bryophyte Life cycle
Life cycle
... life cycle in a nutshell.
Spore to protonema
The following stylized diagrams show some of the variations.
Further gametophyte growth
Some interesting links
 The third point to not is that a great many organisms show haploid and diploid states. In humans the haploid state is confined to egg and sperm cells and these are incapable of an independent existence. In the flowering plants the eggs and pollen constitute the haploid state and are also not capable of independent existence. Humans and flowering plants are examples of diploid-dominant organisms. By contrast, in bryophytes the haploid state is capable of independent existence and is typically much longer-lived than the sporophyte state. Bryophytes are examples of haploid-dominant organisms. The rest of this page is devoted mostly to the subject of gametophyte development, from spore through to the leafy or thallose stage. This page finishes with some interesting web links. There is a separate SPOROPHYTE DEVELOPMENT page. Spore to protonema
Germinating Funaria spore
Upon germination a spore typically produces a short, filamentous outgrowth called a germ tube.

Life Cycle - in a nutshell - bryophyte

Life cycle
Life cycle
... life cycle in a nutshell.
Spore to protonema
The following stylized diagrams show some of the variations.
Further gametophyte growth
Some interesting links

The third point to not is that a great many organisms show haploid and diploid states. In humans the haploid state is confined to egg and sperm cells and these are incapable of an independent existence. In the flowering plants the eggs and pollen constitute the haploid state and are also not capable of independent existence. Humans and flowering plants are examples of diploid-dominant organisms. By contrast, in bryophytes the haploid state is capable of independent existence and is typically much longer-lived than the sporophyte state. Bryophytes are examples of haploid-dominant organisms. The rest of this page is devoted mostly to the subject of gametophyte development, from spore through to the leafy or thallose stage. This page finishes with some interesting web links. There is a separate SPOROPHYTE DEVELOPMENT page. Spore to protonema
Germinating Funaria spore
Upon germination a spore typically produces a short, filamentous outgrowth called a germ tube.

Bryophyte - Definition, Characteristics, Life Cycle and Examples Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Bryophyte Definition
Bryophyte Characteristics
Bryophyte Life Cycle
Bryophyte Examples
Liverworts
Mosses
Hornworts
Quiz
References
Cite This Article
 Since bryophytes do not depend on root structures for nutrient uptake like vascular plants, they are able to survive in environments that vascular plants cannot (e.g., on the surface of rocks). All bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle. During this stage, the plant is haploid and the sex organs that produce the gametes are developed. Bryophytes are unique compared to many other plant species in that they remain in this stage for long periods. The sporophytes (the diploid form of the plant) of bryophytes are unbranched, producing a single spore-producing capsule ( sporangium ). Moreover, the sporophytes are dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition and develops within the female sex organ (archegonia). Bryophyte Life Cycle
The bryophyte lifecycle consists of alternating generations between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte. During the gametophyte stage, haploid gametes (male and female) are formed in the specialized sex organs: the antheridia (male) and archegonia (female). The gametes consist of flagellated sperm, which swim via water or are transported by insect species.

Since bryophytes do not depend on root structures for nutrient uptake like vascular plants, they are able to survive in environments that vascular plants cannot (e.g., on the surface of rocks). All bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle. During this stage, the plant is haploid and the sex organs that produce the gametes are developed. Bryophytes are unique compared to many other plant species in that they remain in this stage for long periods. The sporophytes (the diploid form of the plant) of bryophytes are unbranched, producing a single spore-producing capsule ( sporangium ). Moreover, the sporophytes are dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition and develops within the female sex organ (archegonia). Bryophyte Life Cycle
The bryophyte lifecycle consists of alternating generations between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte. During the gametophyte stage, haploid gametes (male and female) are formed in the specialized sex organs: the antheridia (male) and archegonia (female). The gametes consist of flagellated sperm, which swim via water or are transported by insect species.

The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations
 The way in which the alternation of generations occurs in plants depends on the type of plant. In bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), the dominant generation is haploid, so that the gametophyte comprises what we think of as the main plant. The opposite is true for tracheophytes (vascular plants), in which the diploid generation is dominant and the sporophyte comprises the main plant. Bryophyte Generations
Bryophytes are nonvascularized plants that are still dependent on a moist environment for survival (see Plant Classification, Bryophytes . Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle goes through both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages. The gametophyte comprises the main plant (the green moss or liverwort), while the diploid sporophyte is much smaller and is attached to the gametophyte. The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. The mature gametophyte produces both male and female gametes, which join to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into the diploid sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis. Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues.

The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes

The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations

The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Biology
Alternation of Generations
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations
 Bryophyte Generations
Bryophytes are nonvascularized plants that are still dependent on a moist environment for survival (see Plant Classification, Bryophytes . Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle goes through both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages. The gametophyte comprises the main plant (the green moss or liverwort), while the diploid sporophyte is much smaller and is attached to the gametophyte. The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. The mature gametophyte produces both male and female gametes, which join to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into the diploid sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis. Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues. Tracheophyte Generations
Tracheophytes are plants that contain vascular tissue; two of the major classes of tracheophytes are gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Tracheophytes, unlike bryophytes, have developed seeds that encase and protect their embryos.

The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Biology
Alternation of Generations
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations

Bryophyte Generations
Bryophytes are nonvascularized plants that are still dependent on a moist environment for survival (see Plant Classification, Bryophytes . Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle goes through both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages. The gametophyte comprises the main plant (the green moss or liverwort), while the diploid sporophyte is much smaller and is attached to the gametophyte. The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. The mature gametophyte produces both male and female gametes, which join to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into the diploid sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis. Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues. Tracheophyte Generations
Tracheophytes are plants that contain vascular tissue; two of the major classes of tracheophytes are gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Tracheophytes, unlike bryophytes, have developed seeds that encase and protect their embryos.

The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations
 The gametophyte comprises the main plant (the green moss or liverwort), while the diploid sporophyte is much smaller and is attached to the gametophyte. The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. The mature gametophyte produces both male and female gametes, which join to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into the diploid sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis. Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues. Tracheophyte Generations
Tracheophytes are plants that contain vascular tissue; two of the major classes of tracheophytes are gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Tracheophytes, unlike bryophytes, have developed seeds that encase and protect their embryos. The dominant phase in the tracheophyte life cycle is the diploid (sporophyte) stage. The gametophytes are very small and cannot exist independent of the parent plant.

The gametophyte comprises the main plant (the green moss or liverwort), while the diploid sporophyte is much smaller and is attached to the gametophyte. The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. The mature gametophyte produces both male and female gametes, which join to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into the diploid sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis. Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues. Tracheophyte Generations
Tracheophytes are plants that contain vascular tissue; two of the major classes of tracheophytes are gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Tracheophytes, unlike bryophytes, have developed seeds that encase and protect their embryos. The dominant phase in the tracheophyte life cycle is the diploid (sporophyte) stage. The gametophytes are very small and cannot exist independent of the parent plant.

Plant Classification: Bryophytes | SparkNotes Plant Classification
Plant Classification
Bryophytes
Mosses
Liverworts
 Bryophytes are dependent upon the moisture in their surroundings for both reproduction and fluid transport. The flagellated male gametes of bryophytes, like those of their aquatic ancestors, rely on water to help them move toward female gametes. Additionally, because they lack the efficient system of internal fluid transport found in tracheophytes, bryophytes require environmental moisture to ensure that all parts of the plant remain nourished. Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle goes through both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages. The haploid gametophyte comprises the main plant (the green moss or liverwort), while the diploid sporophyte is much smaller and is attached to the gametophyte. The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. This stands in direct contrast to the tracheophyte life cycle, in which the diploid stage is dominant. For more information about the life cycles of bryophytes and tracheophytes, see Alternation of Generations. Mosses
Together, mosses and liverworts comprise most of the phylum Bryophyta. Each moss sporophyte consists of a foot, stalk, and sporangium-containing capsule that extends outward from the "leafy" gametophyte plant.

Plant Classification: Bryophytes | SparkNotes

Plant Classification
Plant Classification
Bryophytes
Mosses
Liverworts

 LIVERWORTS: As you look at the materials of Marchantiadraw a chart that shows all the relevant structures superimposed on a diagram of the life cycle. Hand this chart in at the end of lab. Liverwort and moss life cycles are nearly identical. Marchantiathallus
Alternation of generations(sporophyte/gametophyte)
Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle has an alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte (2n) and a haploid gametophyte (n). In the bryophytes, unlike the other plants, the dominant, indeterminate generation is the gametophyte, whereas the sporophyte is determinate (once formed, there is no further development) and nutritionally dependant on the gametophyte. diploid sporophyte(2n) meiosis produces haploid spores(n)
haploid spores germinate (mitosis) into haploid thallus(n), the gametophyte, which can reproduce asexually by gemmae cupscontaining gemmaeor sexually with gametangiophores. fertilization of egg by sperm produces a diploid zygote(2n) which divides by mitosis into new sporophyte. The male gametangiophore is called an antheridiophore; it grows up from the thallus and consists of a stalk with a flat-topped head.

LIVERWORTS: As you look at the materials of Marchantiadraw a chart that shows all the relevant structures superimposed on a diagram of the life cycle. Hand this chart in at the end of lab. Liverwort and moss life cycles are nearly identical. Marchantiathallus
Alternation of generations(sporophyte/gametophyte)
Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle has an alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte (2n) and a haploid gametophyte (n). In the bryophytes, unlike the other plants, the dominant, indeterminate generation is the gametophyte, whereas the sporophyte is determinate (once formed, there is no further development) and nutritionally dependant on the gametophyte. diploid sporophyte(2n) meiosis produces haploid spores(n)
haploid spores germinate (mitosis) into haploid thallus(n), the gametophyte, which can reproduce asexually by gemmae cupscontaining gemmaeor sexually with gametangiophores. fertilization of egg by sperm produces a diploid zygote(2n) which divides by mitosis into new sporophyte. The male gametangiophore is called an antheridiophore; it grows up from the thallus and consists of a stalk with a flat-topped head.

The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes The Life Cycle of Plants
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Alternation of Generations
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations
 The multicellular haploid plant structure is called the gametophyte, which is formed from the spore and give rise to the haploid gametes. The fluctuation between these diploid and haploid stages that occurs in plants is called the alternation of generations. The way in which the alternation of generations occurs in plants depends on the type of plant. In bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), the dominant generation is haploid, so that the gametophyte comprises what we think of as the main plant. The opposite is true for tracheophytes (vascular plants), in which the diploid generation is dominant and the sporophyte comprises the main plant. Bryophyte Generations
Bryophytes are nonvascularized plants that are still dependent on a moist environment for survival (see Plant Classification, Bryophytes . Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle goes through both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages. The gametophyte comprises the main plant (the green moss or liverwort), while the diploid sporophyte is much smaller and is attached to the gametophyte. The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. The mature gametophyte produces both male and female gametes, which join to form a diploid zygote.

Bryophyte - Wikipedia Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Contents
Terminology
Features
Habitat
Life cycle
Sexuality
Classification and phylogeny
Paraphyletic view
Other views
Evolution
Similarities to algae and vascular plants
Comparative morphology
Uses
Environmental
Commercial
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
 Bryophytes can survive on rocks and bare soil. Life cycle
See also: Alternation of generations
The life cycle of a dioicous bryophyte. The gametophyte (haploid) structures are shown in green, the sporophyte (diploid) in brown. Like all land plants (embryophytes), bryophytes have life cycles with alternation of generations. In each cycle, a haploid gametophyte, each of whose cells contains a fixed number of unpaired chromosomes, alternates with a diploid sporophyte, whose cell contain two sets of paired chromosomes. Gametophytes produce haploid sperm and eggs which fuse to form diploid zygotes that grow into sporophytes. Sporophytes produce haploid spores by meiosis, that grow into gametophytes. Bryophytes are gametophyte dominant, meaning that the more prominent, longer-lived plant is the haploid gametophyte. The diploid sporophytes appear only occasionally and remain attached to and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte.

Bryophyte - Wikipedia

Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Contents
Terminology
Features
Habitat
Life cycle
Sexuality
Classification and phylogeny
Paraphyletic view
Other views
Evolution
Similarities to algae and vascular plants
Comparative morphology
Uses
Environmental
Commercial
See also
References
Bibliography
External links

Bryophytes can survive on rocks and bare soil. Life cycle
See also: Alternation of generations
The life cycle of a dioicous bryophyte. The gametophyte (haploid) structures are shown in green, the sporophyte (diploid) in brown. Like all land plants (embryophytes), bryophytes have life cycles with alternation of generations. In each cycle, a haploid gametophyte, each of whose cells contains a fixed number of unpaired chromosomes, alternates with a diploid sporophyte, whose cell contain two sets of paired chromosomes. Gametophytes produce haploid sperm and eggs which fuse to form diploid zygotes that grow into sporophytes. Sporophytes produce haploid spores by meiosis, that grow into gametophytes. Bryophytes are gametophyte dominant, meaning that the more prominent, longer-lived plant is the haploid gametophyte. The diploid sporophytes appear only occasionally and remain attached to and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte.

Bryophyte - Definition, Characteristics, Life Cycle and Examples Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Bryophyte Definition
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Mosses
Hornworts
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References
Cite This Article
 Which of the following is NOT a type of bryophyte: A. Mosses
B. Lornworts
C. Liverworts
D. Hornworts
Answer to Question #1
B is correct. Lornworts are not a type of bryophyte. 2. Which stage bryophytes spend the majority of the lifecycle? A. Zygote
B. Sporangium
C. Sporophyte
D. Gametophyte
Answer to Question #2
D is correct. All bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle. During this stage, the plant is haploid and the sex organs that produce the gametes are developed. Bryophytes are unique compared to many other plant species in that they remain in this stage for long periods. References
Asakawa et al. (

Which of the following is NOT a type of bryophyte: A. Mosses
B. Lornworts
C. Liverworts
D. Hornworts
Answer to Question #1
B is correct. Lornworts are not a type of bryophyte. 2. Which stage bryophytes spend the majority of the lifecycle? A. Zygote
B. Sporangium
C. Sporophyte
D. Gametophyte
Answer to Question #2
D is correct. All bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle. During this stage, the plant is haploid and the sex organs that produce the gametes are developed. Bryophytes are unique compared to many other plant species in that they remain in this stage for long periods. References
Asakawa et al. (

Life Cycle of a Plant and Alteration of Generations: Examples and Videos Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations
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 The gametophyte is the dominant phase. The diplontic life cycle is commonly seen in gymnosperms and angiosperms with some variations. However, an Alga called Fucus also shows this kind of life cycle. In a diplontic life cycle, the diploid sporophyte is dominant, photosynthetic and is the independent phase of the plant. The gametophyte stage is characterized by a single to a few-celled haploid gametophyte. Bryophytes and Pteridophytes show an intermediate condition called the haplo-diplontic life cycle, where phases are multicellular. But the dominant phase differs. In Bryophytes, the dominant phase is the gametophyte and in Pteridophytes, it is the sporophyte. Solved Questions For You
Q. What generation does the flowering plants in your garden represent- Sporophyte or gametophyte? Ans.

The gametophyte is the dominant phase. The diplontic life cycle is commonly seen in gymnosperms and angiosperms with some variations. However, an Alga called Fucus also shows this kind of life cycle. In a diplontic life cycle, the diploid sporophyte is dominant, photosynthetic and is the independent phase of the plant. The gametophyte stage is characterized by a single to a few-celled haploid gametophyte. Bryophytes and Pteridophytes show an intermediate condition called the haplo-diplontic life cycle, where phases are multicellular. But the dominant phase differs. In Bryophytes, the dominant phase is the gametophyte and in Pteridophytes, it is the sporophyte. Solved Questions For You
Q. What generation does the flowering plants in your garden represent- Sporophyte or gametophyte? Ans.

Bryophyte - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Life cycle
References
Other websites
 When the spores land on the ground, the cycle begins again. Life cycle of a dioicous bryophyte
Bryophytes are "gametophyte dominant." This phrase means when you look at a bryophyte, you are more likely to see the gametophyte. The sporophyte is less common. Sporophytes are always attached to the gametophyte. They must get food from the gametophyte. Bryophyte sporophytes do not have branches. They make only one sporangium. References
Other websites
The British Bryological Society [1]
Retrieved from " https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryophyte&oldid=6775022 "
Categories: Bryophytes
Non-vascular plants

Bryophyte - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Life cycle
References
Other websites

When the spores land on the ground, the cycle begins again. Life cycle of a dioicous bryophyte
Bryophytes are "gametophyte dominant." This phrase means when you look at a bryophyte, you are more likely to see the gametophyte. The sporophyte is less common. Sporophytes are always attached to the gametophyte. They must get food from the gametophyte. Bryophyte sporophytes do not have branches. They make only one sporangium. References
Other websites
The British Bryological Society [1]
Retrieved from " https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryophyte&oldid=6775022 "
Categories: Bryophytes
Non-vascular plants

25.3: Bryophytes - Biology LibreTexts 25.3: Bryophytes
25.3: Bryophytes
Liverworts
Hornworts
Mosses
Summary
Art Connections
Free Response
Glossary
Contributors and Attributions
 The gemmae then land nearby and develop into gametophytes. Figure 25.3. 3: The life cycle of a typical liverwort is shown. ( credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)
Hornworts
The hornworts ( Anthocerotophyta) belong to the broad bryophyte group. They have colonized a variety of habitats on land, although they are never far from a source of moisture. The short, blue-green gametophyte is the dominant phase of the lifecycle of a hornwort. The narrow, pipe-like sporophyte is the defining characteristic of the group. The sporophytes emerge from the parent gametophyte and continue to grow throughout the life of the plant (Figure 25.3.

25.3: Bryophytes - Biology LibreTexts

25.3: Bryophytes
25.3: Bryophytes
Liverworts
Hornworts
Mosses
Summary
Art Connections
Free Response
Glossary
Contributors and Attributions

The gemmae then land nearby and develop into gametophytes. Figure 25.3. 3: The life cycle of a typical liverwort is shown. ( credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)
Hornworts
The hornworts ( Anthocerotophyta) belong to the broad bryophyte group. They have colonized a variety of habitats on land, although they are never far from a source of moisture. The short, blue-green gametophyte is the dominant phase of the lifecycle of a hornwort. The narrow, pipe-like sporophyte is the defining characteristic of the group. The sporophytes emerge from the parent gametophyte and continue to grow throughout the life of the plant (Figure 25.3.

Bryophyte - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Life cycle
References
Other websites
 It grows a tall stalk from the gametophyte. This stalk is often brown. A structure called the sporangium is at the top of the stalk. The sporangium is diploid too. It makes spores that are haploid in a process called meiosis. When the spores land on the ground, the cycle begins again. Life cycle of a dioicous bryophyte
Bryophytes are "gametophyte dominant." This phrase means when you look at a bryophyte, you are more likely to see the gametophyte. The sporophyte is less common. Sporophytes are always attached to the gametophyte.

It grows a tall stalk from the gametophyte. This stalk is often brown. A structure called the sporangium is at the top of the stalk. The sporangium is diploid too. It makes spores that are haploid in a process called meiosis. When the spores land on the ground, the cycle begins again. Life cycle of a dioicous bryophyte
Bryophytes are "gametophyte dominant." This phrase means when you look at a bryophyte, you are more likely to see the gametophyte. The sporophyte is less common. Sporophytes are always attached to the gametophyte.

Bryophyte - Definition, Characteristics, Life Cycle and Examples Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Bryophyte Definition
Bryophyte Characteristics
Bryophyte Life Cycle
Bryophyte Examples
Liverworts
Mosses
Hornworts
Quiz
References
Cite This Article
 the mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. Bryophyte Characteristics
The following characteristics are exhibited by bryophytes: Bryophytes are non-vascular land plants. Although they do exhibit specialized structures for water transportation, they are devoid of vascular tissue. Bryophytes grow primarily in damp environments but can be found growing in diverse habitats ranging from deserts, the artic, and high elevations. Since bryophytes do not depend on root structures for nutrient uptake like vascular plants, they are able to survive in environments that vascular plants cannot (e.g., on the surface of rocks). All bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle. During this stage, the plant is haploid and the sex organs that produce the gametes are developed. Bryophytes are unique compared to many other plant species in that they remain in this stage for long periods. The sporophytes (the diploid form of the plant) of bryophytes are unbranched, producing a single spore-producing capsule ( sporangium ).

the mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. Bryophyte Characteristics
The following characteristics are exhibited by bryophytes: Bryophytes are non-vascular land plants. Although they do exhibit specialized structures for water transportation, they are devoid of vascular tissue. Bryophytes grow primarily in damp environments but can be found growing in diverse habitats ranging from deserts, the artic, and high elevations. Since bryophytes do not depend on root structures for nutrient uptake like vascular plants, they are able to survive in environments that vascular plants cannot (e.g., on the surface of rocks). All bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle. During this stage, the plant is haploid and the sex organs that produce the gametes are developed. Bryophytes are unique compared to many other plant species in that they remain in this stage for long periods. The sporophytes (the diploid form of the plant) of bryophytes are unbranched, producing a single spore-producing capsule ( sporangium ).

Bryophytes - Biology Encyclopedia - cells, plant, body, different, organisms, chromosomes, cycle, life, structure Bryophytes
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 This diploid (2n) cell divides mitotically to produce an embryo, and ultimately a  mature adult organism. These adults have specialized cells, which divide  meiotically to produce haploid (n) sperm or eggs depending on the sex of  the individual. In the plant kingdom, this cycle of fertilization and meiosis involves an alternation of generations between the haploid gamete -producing stage (gametophyte) and the diploid organism (sporophyte). Vascular plants, including flowering plants, conifers, and many, such as  ferns, that do not produce seeds, have life cycles with the diploid  sporophyte being the predominant generation. In the bryophytes, it is the  haploid gametophyte that produces the leaves and thali and therefore predominates. This  change from predominant gametophyte to sporophyte was a major evolutionary  advancement, which along with the development of vascular tissue  facilitated the ultimate success of plants in a diversity of terrestrial  habitats. In order to accomplish sexual reproduction, bryophyte gametophytes produce  eggs (n) in the archegonium, a vase-shaped structure that is the female  reproductive organ. The sperm (n) are produced in antheridia, which may  occur on the same gametophyte, but are often located on separate male  plants. Water is generally required for them to swim to the eggs for  fertilization. The resulting zygote (2n) develops into the sporophyte (2n).

Bryophytes - Biology Encyclopedia - cells, plant, body, different, organisms, chromosomes, cycle, life, structure

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The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations
 The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes
The Life Cycle of Plants
All plants undergo a life cycle that takes them through both haploid and diploid generations. The multicellular diploid plant structure is called the sporophyte, which produces spores through meiotic (asexual) division. The multicellular haploid plant structure is called the gametophyte, which is formed from the spore and give rise to the haploid gametes. The fluctuation between these diploid and haploid stages that occurs in plants is called the alternation of generations. The way in which the alternation of generations occurs in plants depends on the type of plant. In bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), the dominant generation is haploid, so that the gametophyte comprises what we think of as the main plant. The opposite is true for tracheophytes (vascular plants), in which the diploid generation is dominant and the sporophyte comprises the main plant. Bryophyte Generations
Bryophytes are nonvascularized plants that are still dependent on a moist environment for survival (see Plant Classification, Bryophytes . Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle goes through both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages.

BRYOPHYTES | Biology Boom
BRYOPHYTES
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 They are found in tropical, temperate, subarctic and arctic regions. General structure
Bryophytes show alternation of generation. Gametophyte
The dominant generation in bryophyte is gametophyte. The vegetative plant body is a gametophyte. It has smaller size. Plant body: The plants are multicellular. They have simple thallus. Some may be differentiated into simple leaves and stem. Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are absent.

BRYOPHYTES | Biology Boom

BRYOPHYTES
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They are found in tropical, temperate, subarctic and arctic regions. General structure
Bryophytes show alternation of generation. Gametophyte
The dominant generation in bryophyte is gametophyte. The vegetative plant body is a gametophyte. It has smaller size. Plant body: The plants are multicellular. They have simple thallus. Some may be differentiated into simple leaves and stem. Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are absent.

Life Cycle of Bryophytes - Meaning & Life Cycle - Biology Reader Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Content: Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Meaning of Bryophytes
Life Cycle
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Gametophyte Stage
Sporophyte Stage
Conclusion
 Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Meaning
Life Cycle
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Conclusion
Meaning of Bryophytes
Bryophytes are the terrestrial, non-vascular plants that grow in damp or humid habitats and reproduce via spore generation instead from seed germination. Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are the three common plants that come under the bryophyte group. There is one thing in common among the non vascular plants (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) that all possess small leaves, but lacks flowers, wood and true root system. In addition, the bryophytes possess dual generations (gametophytic and sporophytic phase) in their life cycle. Unlike vascular plants, bryophytes can survive in variety of habitats (rocks, roof , bare soil etc.) as these lack true roots for the water and nutrient absorption. Life Cycle
Bryophytes reproduce through both asexual and sexual life cycles. Asexual Reproduction
Certain bryophytes are only capable of asexual reproduction or cannot achieve fertilization, due to loss of functional sexuality. Asexual reproduction occurs vegetatively via small, reproductive structures gemmae that disperse easily. Gemmae comprise either a single cell or cluster of cells that are having undifferentiated growth.

Bryophyte - Wikipedia Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Contents
Terminology
Features
Habitat
Life cycle
Sexuality
Classification and phylogeny
Paraphyletic view
Other views
Evolution
Similarities to algae and vascular plants
Comparative morphology
Uses
Environmental
Commercial
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
 G.M. Smith placed this group between Algae and Pteridophyta. Features
The defining features of bryophytes are: Their life cycles are dominated by a multicellular gametophyte stage
Their sporophytes are unbranched
They do not have a true vascular tissue containing lignin (although some have specialized tissues for the transport of water)
Habitat
Bryophytes exist in a wide variety of habitats. They can be found growing in a range of temperatures (cold arctics and in hot deserts), elevations (sea-level to alpine), and moisture (dry deserts to wet rainforests). Bryophytes can grow where vascularized plants cannot because they do not depend on roots for an uptake of nutrients from soil. Bryophytes can survive on rocks and bare soil. Life cycle
See also: Alternation of generations
The life cycle of a dioicous bryophyte. The gametophyte (haploid) structures are shown in green, the sporophyte (diploid) in brown. Like all land plants (embryophytes), bryophytes have life cycles with alternation of generations.

Bryophyte - Wikipedia

G.M. Smith placed this group between Algae and Pteridophyta. Features
The defining features of bryophytes are: Their life cycles are dominated by a multicellular gametophyte stage
Their sporophytes are unbranched
They do not have a true vascular tissue containing lignin (although some have specialized tissues for the transport of water)
Habitat
Bryophytes exist in a wide variety of habitats. They can be found growing in a range of temperatures (cold arctics and in hot deserts), elevations (sea-level to alpine), and moisture (dry deserts to wet rainforests). Bryophytes can grow where vascularized plants cannot because they do not depend on roots for an uptake of nutrients from soil. Bryophytes can survive on rocks and bare soil. Life cycle
See also: Alternation of generations
The life cycle of a dioicous bryophyte. The gametophyte (haploid) structures are shown in green, the sporophyte (diploid) in brown. Like all land plants (embryophytes), bryophytes have life cycles with alternation of generations.

Life Cycle of Bryophytes - Meaning & Life Cycle - Biology Reader Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Content: Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Meaning of Bryophytes
Life Cycle
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Gametophyte Stage
Sporophyte Stage
Conclusion
 as these lack true roots for the water and nutrient absorption. Life Cycle
Bryophytes reproduce through both asexual and sexual life cycles. Asexual Reproduction
Certain bryophytes are only capable of asexual reproduction or cannot achieve fertilization, due to loss of functional sexuality. Asexual reproduction occurs vegetatively via small, reproductive structures gemmae that disperse easily. Gemmae comprise either a single cell or cluster of cells that are having undifferentiated growth. A gemma can bring about the formation of a new vegetative structure or gametophyte when it dissociates from the parent plant body. Fragmentation is another way of asexual reproduction, by which bryophytes can regenerate via leaf and stem fragments. The mechanism of spore dispersal and fragmentation is aided by water, wind, and animal movement. Sexual Reproduction
Its life cycle exists two phases that are explained below: Gametophyte Stage
This stage begins, when the dormant spores form a germ tube.

as these lack true roots for the water and nutrient absorption. Life Cycle
Bryophytes reproduce through both asexual and sexual life cycles. Asexual Reproduction
Certain bryophytes are only capable of asexual reproduction or cannot achieve fertilization, due to loss of functional sexuality. Asexual reproduction occurs vegetatively via small, reproductive structures gemmae that disperse easily. Gemmae comprise either a single cell or cluster of cells that are having undifferentiated growth. A gemma can bring about the formation of a new vegetative structure or gametophyte when it dissociates from the parent plant body. Fragmentation is another way of asexual reproduction, by which bryophytes can regenerate via leaf and stem fragments. The mechanism of spore dispersal and fragmentation is aided by water, wind, and animal movement. Sexual Reproduction
Its life cycle exists two phases that are explained below: Gametophyte Stage
This stage begins, when the dormant spores form a germ tube.

Plant Classification: Bryophytes | SparkNotes Plant Classification
Plant Classification
Bryophytes
Mosses
Liverworts
 The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. This stands in direct contrast to the tracheophyte life cycle, in which the diploid stage is dominant. For more information about the life cycles of bryophytes and tracheophytes, see Alternation of Generations. Mosses
Together, mosses and liverworts comprise most of the phylum Bryophyta. Each moss sporophyte consists of a foot, stalk, and sporangium-containing capsule that extends outward from the "leafy" gametophyte plant. These sporophytes are somewhat parasitic toward the adult gametophytes to which they are attached, even though these sporophytes are able to produce much of their own food through photosynthesis. Figure %
Liverworts
Liverworts gained their name from the liver-like lobes that characterize some types of these plants. Other types are more moss-like, growing on damp rocks or soil, and others are "leafy" and live on moist tree surfaces. Liverworts, which have a life cycle similar to that of mosses (but with simpler sporophytes), can also reproduce asexually through small structures called gemmae that are formed on the surface of the liverwort leaf. After these gemmae break free from the adult plant, they can give rise to new gametophytes on their own.

Structure of ferns and their allies An Introduction to the Structure of Ferns and their Allies
An Introduction to the Structure of Ferns and their Allies
Introduction
Life cycle
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Habit, Lifeform
Terrestrial
Epiphyte
Aquatic
Stems, rhizomes
Growth form
Branching
Rhizome protection
Internal structure
Roots
Leaves, fronds
Stipe
Branching
Rachis
Lamina
Venation
Polymorphism
Bulbils
Sporpohyte fertility
Sori
Sporangia
Spores
Heterospory
Dimorphism
Sporocarps
Cytology
Chromosome numbers
Polyploidy
 The purpose of the gametophyte is to produce the male and famale sex cells ( gametes ), the female of which, when fertilized, develops into a new sporophyte to continue the cycle. This regular process is known as the alternation of generations and involves an alternate doubling and halving of chromosome numbers at each phase. It is interesting to compare the pteridophyte life cycle with that of another major group of spore-producing plants, the bryophytes or mosses and liverworts which also have alternating generations. In the bryophytes, the gametophyte is the dominant and most conspicuous stage and the sporophyte is retained as a relatively small. dependent appendage on the mature gametophyte. A more detailed discussion of pteridophyte life cycle and reproduction is provided elsewhere. Gametophyte
The gametophyte is the sexual or haploid stage of the pteridophyte life-cycle and contains a single set of chromosomes. It develops from the spore produced on the sporophyte. This spore germinates and develops into a body called the prothallus. At maturity, regions of the prothallus develop into small separate sexual organs.

Structure of ferns and their allies

An Introduction to the Structure of Ferns and their Allies
An Introduction to the Structure of Ferns and their Allies
Introduction
Life cycle
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Habit, Lifeform
Terrestrial
Epiphyte
Aquatic
Stems, rhizomes
Growth form
Branching
Rhizome protection
Internal structure
Roots
Leaves, fronds
Stipe
Branching
Rachis
Lamina
Venation
Polymorphism
Bulbils
Sporpohyte fertility
Sori
Sporangia
Spores
Heterospory
Dimorphism
Sporocarps
Cytology
Chromosome numbers
Polyploidy

The purpose of the gametophyte is to produce the male and famale sex cells ( gametes ), the female of which, when fertilized, develops into a new sporophyte to continue the cycle. This regular process is known as the alternation of generations and involves an alternate doubling and halving of chromosome numbers at each phase. It is interesting to compare the pteridophyte life cycle with that of another major group of spore-producing plants, the bryophytes or mosses and liverworts which also have alternating generations. In the bryophytes, the gametophyte is the dominant and most conspicuous stage and the sporophyte is retained as a relatively small. dependent appendage on the mature gametophyte. A more detailed discussion of pteridophyte life cycle and reproduction is provided elsewhere. Gametophyte
The gametophyte is the sexual or haploid stage of the pteridophyte life-cycle and contains a single set of chromosomes. It develops from the spore produced on the sporophyte. This spore germinates and develops into a body called the prothallus. At maturity, regions of the prothallus develop into small separate sexual organs.

Bryophytes | Basic Biology Bryophytes
Bryophytes
Where are bryophytes found?
How old are bryophytes?
How did bryophytes evolve?
How big are bryophytes?
How does their life-cycle work?
Why are bryophytes important?
 Bryophytes | Basic Biology
Bryophytes
Bryophytes are a division of plants that includes all non-vascular, land plants. They can be split into three groups: mosses, hornworts and liverworts. Although each group is genetically very different, they each share some common adaptations which have led to them being clumped together as bryophytes. Bryophytes have a set of common features that help to distinguish them from all other land plants. Bryophytes don’t have vascular tissue. Bryophytes all reproduce using spores rather than seeds and don’t produce wood, fruit or flowers. Their life-cycle is dominated by a gametophyte generation which provides support and nutrients for the spore producing growth form known as the sporophyte. Some bryophyte species have evolved special tissue which allows them to transport water and other substances through their tissue. However, the tissue doesn’t contain lignin, an essential protein found in true vascular tissue.

Bryophytes | Basic Biology

Bryophytes
Bryophytes
Where are bryophytes found?
How old are bryophytes?
How did bryophytes evolve?
How big are bryophytes?
How does their life-cycle work?
Why are bryophytes important?

Bryophytes | Basic Biology
Bryophytes
Bryophytes are a division of plants that includes all non-vascular, land plants. They can be split into three groups: mosses, hornworts and liverworts. Although each group is genetically very different, they each share some common adaptations which have led to them being clumped together as bryophytes. Bryophytes have a set of common features that help to distinguish them from all other land plants. Bryophytes don’t have vascular tissue. Bryophytes all reproduce using spores rather than seeds and don’t produce wood, fruit or flowers. Their life-cycle is dominated by a gametophyte generation which provides support and nutrients for the spore producing growth form known as the sporophyte. Some bryophyte species have evolved special tissue which allows them to transport water and other substances through their tissue. However, the tissue doesn’t contain lignin, an essential protein found in true vascular tissue.

sporophyte | Definition and Examples | Britannica Sporophyte
Sporophyte
biology
 fern: life cycle
The life cycle of the fern. © Merriam-Webster Inc.
The character and relative extent of the two phases vary greatly among different groups of plants and algae. During the course of evolution, the sporophyte stage has become progressively increased. Thus, in the higher (i.e., vascular) plants the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, whereas in the more primitive nonvascular plants ( bryophytes) the gametophyte remains dominant. The dominant phase in algae often depends on environmental conditions, though some species have determinant life cycles and are commonly gametophyte-dominant. This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello, Assistant Editor. History at your fingertips
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sporophyte | Definition and Examples | Britannica

fern: life cycle
The life cycle of the fern. © Merriam-Webster Inc.
The character and relative extent of the two phases vary greatly among different groups of plants and algae. During the course of evolution, the sporophyte stage has become progressively increased. Thus, in the higher (i.e., vascular) plants the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, whereas in the more primitive nonvascular plants ( bryophytes) the gametophyte remains dominant. The dominant phase in algae often depends on environmental conditions, though some species have determinant life cycles and are commonly gametophyte-dominant. This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello, Assistant Editor. History at your fingertips
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Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms? Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms?
Asked by: Yasir Tugujekov
Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms?
 Gymnosperms, like all vascular plants, have a life cycle that is sporophyte-dominant. Also Know, in which group of plants is the Gametophyte the dominant stage? Thus, the gametophyte stage is dominant in the more primitive (nonvascular) plants (bryophytes), whereas the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of higher (i.e., vascular) plants. In algae, the dominant phase often depends on environmental conditions, though some species have determinant life cycles. Consequently, what is the dominant stage in angiosperms? Angiosperms are vascular plants, and all vascular plants have a life cycle in which the sporophyte phase (vegetative body) is the dominant phase and the gametophyte phase remains diminutive. Which life stage in alternation of generations is dominant in gymnosperms and angiosperms plants with seeds )? In bryophytes, such as mosses and liverworts, the gametophyte is the dominant life phase, whereas in angiosperms and gymnosperms the sporophyte is dominant.

Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms?

Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms?
Asked by: Yasir Tugujekov
Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms?

Gymnosperms, like all vascular plants, have a life cycle that is sporophyte-dominant. Also Know, in which group of plants is the Gametophyte the dominant stage? Thus, the gametophyte stage is dominant in the more primitive (nonvascular) plants (bryophytes), whereas the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of higher (i.e., vascular) plants. In algae, the dominant phase often depends on environmental conditions, though some species have determinant life cycles. Consequently, what is the dominant stage in angiosperms? Angiosperms are vascular plants, and all vascular plants have a life cycle in which the sporophyte phase (vegetative body) is the dominant phase and the gametophyte phase remains diminutive. Which life stage in alternation of generations is dominant in gymnosperms and angiosperms plants with seeds )? In bryophytes, such as mosses and liverworts, the gametophyte is the dominant life phase, whereas in angiosperms and gymnosperms the sporophyte is dominant.

Bryophytes | Basic Biology Bryophytes
Bryophytes
Where are bryophytes found?
How old are bryophytes?
How did bryophytes evolve?
How big are bryophytes?
How does their life-cycle work?
Why are bryophytes important?
 Like all land plants, bryophytes have a life-cycle that alternates with each generation. One generation is known as the gametophyte and the second is the sporophyte. The gametophyte produces haploid spores with only have the genetic material of gametophyte cells. The sporophyte is grown when released spores germinate in a new environment and begin dividing. For bryophytes, the gametophyte is the most obvious generation. The sporophyte is usually very small and dependent on the gametophyte for support and nutrients. The following sporophyte generation occurs when a sperm from one gametophyte fertilizes an egg from another gametophyte. Fertilization is only possible when gametophytes are covered with a thin layer of water which can allow the sperm to travel through towards a neighboring gametophyte. Why are bryophytes important? Bryophytes are a critical link between aquatic and land plants and they contain a number of adaptations that are characteristic of both land and aquatic plants.

Bryophytes | Basic Biology

Like all land plants, bryophytes have a life-cycle that alternates with each generation. One generation is known as the gametophyte and the second is the sporophyte. The gametophyte produces haploid spores with only have the genetic material of gametophyte cells. The sporophyte is grown when released spores germinate in a new environment and begin dividing. For bryophytes, the gametophyte is the most obvious generation. The sporophyte is usually very small and dependent on the gametophyte for support and nutrients. The following sporophyte generation occurs when a sperm from one gametophyte fertilizes an egg from another gametophyte. Fertilization is only possible when gametophytes are covered with a thin layer of water which can allow the sperm to travel through towards a neighboring gametophyte. Why are bryophytes important? Bryophytes are a critical link between aquatic and land plants and they contain a number of adaptations that are characteristic of both land and aquatic plants.

Bryophyte - Definition, Characteristics, Life Cycle and Examples Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Bryophyte Definition
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 Moreover, the sporophytes are dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition and develops within the female sex organ (archegonia). Bryophyte Life Cycle
The bryophyte lifecycle consists of alternating generations between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte. During the gametophyte stage, haploid gametes (male and female) are formed in the specialized sex organs: the antheridia (male) and archegonia (female). The gametes consist of flagellated sperm, which swim via water or are transported by insect species. The two haploid gametes (sperm and egg) fuse, a diploid zygote is formed. As described above, the zygote of bryophytes grows inside the archegonia and will eventually become a diploid sporophyte. Mature sporophytes remain attached to the gametophyte and generate haploid spores via meiosis inside the sporangium. These spores are dispersed, and under favorable environmental conditions become new gametophytes. The lifecycle is shown below.

Moreover, the sporophytes are dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition and develops within the female sex organ (archegonia). Bryophyte Life Cycle
The bryophyte lifecycle consists of alternating generations between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte. During the gametophyte stage, haploid gametes (male and female) are formed in the specialized sex organs: the antheridia (male) and archegonia (female). The gametes consist of flagellated sperm, which swim via water or are transported by insect species. The two haploid gametes (sperm and egg) fuse, a diploid zygote is formed. As described above, the zygote of bryophytes grows inside the archegonia and will eventually become a diploid sporophyte. Mature sporophytes remain attached to the gametophyte and generate haploid spores via meiosis inside the sporangium. These spores are dispersed, and under favorable environmental conditions become new gametophytes. The lifecycle is shown below.

The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Biology
Alternation of Generations
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations
 The dominant phase in the tracheophyte life cycle is the diploid (sporophyte) stage. The gametophytes are very small and cannot exist independent of the parent plant. The reproductive structures of the sporophyte (cones in gymnosperms and flowers in angiosperms), produce two different kinds of haploid spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female). This phenomenon of sexually differentiated spores is called heterospory. These spores give rise to similarly sexually differentiated gametophytes, which in turn produce gametes. Fertilization occurs when a male and female gamete join to form a zygote. The resulting embryo, encased in a seed coating, will eventually become a new sporophyte. Figure %: Gymnosperm Life Cycle
Figure %:

The dominant phase in the tracheophyte life cycle is the diploid (sporophyte) stage. The gametophytes are very small and cannot exist independent of the parent plant. The reproductive structures of the sporophyte (cones in gymnosperms and flowers in angiosperms), produce two different kinds of haploid spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female). This phenomenon of sexually differentiated spores is called heterospory. These spores give rise to similarly sexually differentiated gametophytes, which in turn produce gametes. Fertilization occurs when a male and female gamete join to form a zygote. The resulting embryo, encased in a seed coating, will eventually become a new sporophyte. Figure %: Gymnosperm Life Cycle
Figure %:

Alternation of Generations Help | Plant Biology Study Guide | Shmoop Alternation of Generations
Alternation of Generations
Alternation of Generations
Brain Snack
 These are non-vascular plants, which means they don’t have a circulatory system. Bryophytes are usually only a few centimeters tall, which is why you probably haven’t gotten to know them very well. But just go check out a few cracks in the sidewalk, and a bryophyte will be happy to make your acquaintance. In bryophytes, gametophytes are the dominant generation and sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes. What do bryophytes look like? They’re actually pretty cool looking. Don’t believe us? Check it out yourself, in this old botanical drawing, done in 1904 by Ernst Haeckel: All of the above plants are bryophytes, with both generations shown. The part on the bottom of each plant is the gametophyte, and the sporophytes are the spindly things growing on top of the gametophytes.

Alternation of Generations Help | Plant Biology Study Guide | Shmoop

Alternation of Generations
Alternation of Generations
Alternation of Generations
Brain Snack

These are non-vascular plants, which means they don’t have a circulatory system. Bryophytes are usually only a few centimeters tall, which is why you probably haven’t gotten to know them very well. But just go check out a few cracks in the sidewalk, and a bryophyte will be happy to make your acquaintance. In bryophytes, gametophytes are the dominant generation and sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes. What do bryophytes look like? They’re actually pretty cool looking. Don’t believe us? Check it out yourself, in this old botanical drawing, done in 1904 by Ernst Haeckel: All of the above plants are bryophytes, with both generations shown. The part on the bottom of each plant is the gametophyte, and the sporophytes are the spindly things growing on top of the gametophytes.

 Bryophytes (Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts)
Bryophytes (Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts)
What Is a Bryophyte?
Characteristics of Bryophytes
Bryophyte Nutrition
Water-Absorbing Leaves
Growth Cycles Tied to Water Availability
Life Cycle and Reproduction
Spore Develops into the Gametophyte
Gametophyte Releases Gametes
Sporophyte Releases Spores
Bryophyte Evolution & Classification
Mosses (Bryophyta)
Growth Pattern
Habitat
Distribution and Diversity
Life Cycle Differences
Examples of Moss
Liverworts
Growth patterns
Distribution and Diversity
Habitat
Life Cycle Differences
Examples of Liverworts
Hornworts
Growth Pattern
Distribution and Diversity
Habitat
Examples of Hornworts
Ecological Impact
Families in Bryophytes
 Life Cycle and Reproduction
The bryophyte life cycle involves two distinct stages or an alternation of generations, each with a different physical form. These are the sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Each of these stages is named for what they produce. For example, the sporophyte generation produces the spores that develop into new plants. On the other hand, the gametophyte generation is the adult plant that produces the gametes, or haploid cells, that fuse together to form the viable spore. Spore Develops into the Gametophyte
First, a spore germinates to produce the protonema which is analogous to a seedling in a flowering plant. The small, threadlike protonema develops into the adult gametophyte stage which is characterized as the more elaborate, leafy stage of the plant’s life cycle. Gametophyte Releases Gametes
Depending on the plant, the gametophyte can produce male or female sex organs, with some species producing both. The female organ is called the archegonium and contains a single egg. The antheridium, or male organ, contains many cells that develop into sperm.

Bryophytes (Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts)
Bryophytes (Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts)
What Is a Bryophyte?
Characteristics of Bryophytes
Bryophyte Nutrition
Water-Absorbing Leaves
Growth Cycles Tied to Water Availability
Life Cycle and Reproduction
Spore Develops into the Gametophyte
Gametophyte Releases Gametes
Sporophyte Releases Spores
Bryophyte Evolution & Classification
Mosses (Bryophyta)
Growth Pattern
Habitat
Distribution and Diversity
Life Cycle Differences
Examples of Moss
Liverworts
Growth patterns
Distribution and Diversity
Habitat
Life Cycle Differences
Examples of Liverworts
Hornworts
Growth Pattern
Distribution and Diversity
Habitat
Examples of Hornworts
Ecological Impact
Families in Bryophytes

Life Cycle and Reproduction
The bryophyte life cycle involves two distinct stages or an alternation of generations, each with a different physical form. These are the sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Each of these stages is named for what they produce. For example, the sporophyte generation produces the spores that develop into new plants. On the other hand, the gametophyte generation is the adult plant that produces the gametes, or haploid cells, that fuse together to form the viable spore. Spore Develops into the Gametophyte
First, a spore germinates to produce the protonema which is analogous to a seedling in a flowering plant. The small, threadlike protonema develops into the adult gametophyte stage which is characterized as the more elaborate, leafy stage of the plant’s life cycle. Gametophyte Releases Gametes
Depending on the plant, the gametophyte can produce male or female sex organs, with some species producing both. The female organ is called the archegonium and contains a single egg. The antheridium, or male organ, contains many cells that develop into sperm.

25.3: Bryophytes - Biology LibreTexts 25.3: Bryophytes
25.3: Bryophytes
Liverworts
Hornworts
Mosses
Summary
Art Connections
Free Response
Glossary
Contributors and Attributions
 modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)
Hornworts
The hornworts ( Anthocerotophyta) belong to the broad bryophyte group. They have colonized a variety of habitats on land, although they are never far from a source of moisture. The short, blue-green gametophyte is the dominant phase of the lifecycle of a hornwort. The narrow, pipe-like sporophyte is the defining characteristic of the group. The sporophytes emerge from the parent gametophyte and continue to grow throughout the life of the plant (Figure 25.3. 4 ). Figure 25.3. 4: Hornworts grow a tall and slender sporophyte. ( credit:

25.3: Bryophytes - Biology LibreTexts

modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)
Hornworts
The hornworts ( Anthocerotophyta) belong to the broad bryophyte group. They have colonized a variety of habitats on land, although they are never far from a source of moisture. The short, blue-green gametophyte is the dominant phase of the lifecycle of a hornwort. The narrow, pipe-like sporophyte is the defining characteristic of the group. The sporophytes emerge from the parent gametophyte and continue to grow throughout the life of the plant (Figure 25.3. 4 ). Figure 25.3. 4: Hornworts grow a tall and slender sporophyte. ( credit:

Structure of ferns and their allies An Introduction to the Structure of Ferns and their Allies
An Introduction to the Structure of Ferns and their Allies
Introduction
Life cycle
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Habit, Lifeform
Terrestrial
Epiphyte
Aquatic
Stems, rhizomes
Growth form
Branching
Rhizome protection
Internal structure
Roots
Leaves, fronds
Stipe
Branching
Rachis
Lamina
Venation
Polymorphism
Bulbils
Sporpohyte fertility
Sori
Sporangia
Spores
Heterospory
Dimorphism
Sporocarps
Cytology
Chromosome numbers
Polyploidy
 This outline covers the easily recognised features of the ferns and their alies and mentions many of the technical terms used to describe them. Life cycle
The life cycle of pteridophytes involves two distinct and separate phases known as the gametophyte and sporophyte (these two phases also occur in the seed-plants, but because there they occur concurrently, they are less obvious). The sporophyte, is the most conspicuous phase, and is so-named because this is the stage that produces the spores; it is the sporophyte that most of us refer to when we describe or name a fern. Under favourable conditions, the spores shed from the sporophyte develop into the gametopyhte which is small, inconspicuous and short-lived. The purpose of the gametophyte is to produce the male and famale sex cells ( gametes ), the female of which, when fertilized, develops into a new sporophyte to continue the cycle. This regular process is known as the alternation of generations and involves an alternate doubling and halving of chromosome numbers at each phase. It is interesting to compare the pteridophyte life cycle with that of another major group of spore-producing plants, the bryophytes or mosses and liverworts which also have alternating generations. In the bryophytes, the gametophyte is the dominant and most conspicuous stage and the sporophyte is retained as a relatively small. dependent appendage on the mature gametophyte.

Structure of ferns and their allies

section4
 The Charalean life cycle has an alternation between haploid and diploid generations (respectively called gametophytes and sporophytes). The first embryophytes, however, had life cycles dominated by the gametophyte phase pf the plant. The sporophytes became small and dependent on the gametophyte for their entire brief life. Such plants are informally called 'bryophytes'. They include three surviving groups: * Bryophyta (mosses)
* Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)
* Marchantiophyta (liverworts)
All of the above 'bryophytes' are relatively small and are usually confined to moist environments, relying on water to disperse their spores. Other plants, better adapted to terrestrial conditions, appeared during the Silurian period. During the Devonian period, they diversified and spread to many different land environments, becoming the vascular plants or Tracheophyta, These plants have vascular tissues or tracheids, which transport water throughout the plant, and an outer layer or cuticle that resists drying out. In most vascular plants, the sporophyte is the dominant individual, and develops true leaves, stems, and roots, while the gametophyte remains very small. Many vascular plants reproduce using spores.

section4

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 It adopted them in the terrestrial mode of life. But their vegetative structure remained simple. Bryophytes have following affinities with algae: 1. Some algae and all bryophytes show alternation of generation. Gametophyte is dominant in both groups. Both produces flagellated male antherozoid. Both depend on water for fertilization. Starch is reserve food material in both groups. Cell wall is made up of cellulose in both groups
Vascular tissues are absent in both.

BRYOPHYTES | Biology Boom

It adopted them in the terrestrial mode of life. But their vegetative structure remained simple. Bryophytes have following affinities with algae: 1. Some algae and all bryophytes show alternation of generation. Gametophyte is dominant in both groups. Both produces flagellated male antherozoid. Both depend on water for fertilization. Starch is reserve food material in both groups. Cell wall is made up of cellulose in both groups
Vascular tissues are absent in both.

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BRYOPHYTES
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Botany No Comments
Occurrence of bryophytes
Bryophytes are terrestrial plants. They mostly grow in moist and cold habitats. Some species can grow in dry places. But they depend on moisture for the reproductive stage. Bryophytes have world wide in distribution. They are found in tropical, temperate, subarctic and arctic regions. General structure
Bryophytes show alternation of generation. Gametophyte
The dominant generation in bryophyte is gametophyte. The vegetative plant body is a gametophyte. It has smaller size.

BRYOPHYTES | Biology Boom

BRYOPHYTES | Biology Boom
BRYOPHYTES
Botany No Comments
Occurrence of bryophytes
Bryophytes are terrestrial plants. They mostly grow in moist and cold habitats. Some species can grow in dry places. But they depend on moisture for the reproductive stage. Bryophytes have world wide in distribution. They are found in tropical, temperate, subarctic and arctic regions. General structure
Bryophytes show alternation of generation. Gametophyte
The dominant generation in bryophyte is gametophyte. The vegetative plant body is a gametophyte. It has smaller size.

Life Cycle of Bryophytes - Meaning & Life Cycle - Biology Reader Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Content: Life Cycle of Bryophytes
Meaning of Bryophytes
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Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
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Sporophyte Stage
Conclusion
 A gemma can bring about the formation of a new vegetative structure or gametophyte when it dissociates from the parent plant body. Fragmentation is another way of asexual reproduction, by which bryophytes can regenerate via leaf and stem fragments. The mechanism of spore dispersal and fragmentation is aided by water, wind, and animal movement. Sexual Reproduction
Its life cycle exists two phases that are explained below: Gametophyte Stage
This stage begins, when the dormant spores form a germ tube. The spores first develop a green, filiform complex called a protonema. A protonema goes through several maturation phases, after which it starts developing rhizoids and aerial filaments. Red light and kinetin stimulate the cells that promoting the growth of shoots, which later enlarge to modify into mature gametophytes. Then, the gametophytes develop a specialized reproductive structure ( gametangia) at the apex of main shoot that holds the gametes (eggs and sperms). The leafy gametophyte develops separate branches for the male gametangium ( antheridium) and the female gametangium ( archegonium ).

A gemma can bring about the formation of a new vegetative structure or gametophyte when it dissociates from the parent plant body. Fragmentation is another way of asexual reproduction, by which bryophytes can regenerate via leaf and stem fragments. The mechanism of spore dispersal and fragmentation is aided by water, wind, and animal movement. Sexual Reproduction
Its life cycle exists two phases that are explained below: Gametophyte Stage
This stage begins, when the dormant spores form a germ tube. The spores first develop a green, filiform complex called a protonema. A protonema goes through several maturation phases, after which it starts developing rhizoids and aerial filaments. Red light and kinetin stimulate the cells that promoting the growth of shoots, which later enlarge to modify into mature gametophytes. Then, the gametophytes develop a specialized reproductive structure ( gametangia) at the apex of main shoot that holds the gametes (eggs and sperms). The leafy gametophyte develops separate branches for the male gametangium ( antheridium) and the female gametangium ( archegonium ).

Seedless Plants: Bryophytes, Lycophytes and Pteridophytes Flashcards | Quizlet Seedless Plants: Bryophytes, Lycophytes and Pteridophytes
Seedless Plants: Bryophytes, Lycophytes and Pteridophytes
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Terms in this set (80)
 Bryophytes
Bryophytes are the earliest evolved and simpliest: - no true leaves
no vascular system
- gametophyte (haploid) is the dominant stage
Characteristics of seedless plants: Lycophytes
Lycophytes are more advanced in evolution
- simple leaves called lycophylls (or microphylls)
- vascular system
- sporophyte (diploid) has become larger and dominant
Characteristics of seedless plants: Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are the most advanced seedless group
- true leaves with branched veins
- sporophyte is dominant
Bryophytes: include three phyla: 1) Phylum Hepatophyta - Liverworts
2) Phylum Anthocerophyta - Hortworts
3) Phylum Bryophyta - Mosses
Features common all Bryophytes
Gametophyte is the dominant stage
What is a gametophyte? That produces gametes to undergo sexual reproduction by fertilization to give rise to a zygote. Sporophyte grows on the gametophyte. Sporophyte is very small in liverworts. Larger and more visibile in hornworts and mosses.

Seedless Plants: Bryophytes, Lycophytes and Pteridophytes Flashcards | Quizlet

Seedless Plants: Bryophytes, Lycophytes and Pteridophytes
Seedless Plants: Bryophytes, Lycophytes and Pteridophytes
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Terms in this set (80)

Bryophytes
Bryophytes are the earliest evolved and simpliest: - no true leaves
no vascular system
- gametophyte (haploid) is the dominant stage
Characteristics of seedless plants: Lycophytes
Lycophytes are more advanced in evolution
- simple leaves called lycophylls (or microphylls)
- vascular system
- sporophyte (diploid) has become larger and dominant
Characteristics of seedless plants: Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are the most advanced seedless group
- true leaves with branched veins
- sporophyte is dominant
Bryophytes: include three phyla: 1) Phylum Hepatophyta - Liverworts
2) Phylum Anthocerophyta - Hortworts
3) Phylum Bryophyta - Mosses
Features common all Bryophytes
Gametophyte is the dominant stage
What is a gametophyte? That produces gametes to undergo sexual reproduction by fertilization to give rise to a zygote. Sporophyte grows on the gametophyte. Sporophyte is very small in liverworts. Larger and more visibile in hornworts and mosses.

Bryophyte - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bryophyte
Bryophyte
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 It is called a sporophyte. People often write "2n" for diploid. A bryophyte begins when its parent plant makes haploid spores that land on the ground. Each spore grows into a leafy gametophyte. This gametophyte is either male or female. Male gametophytes make haploid sperm. Female gametophytes make haploid eggs. Water moves the sperm to the egg. An embryo is made when they join. This embryo is diploid.

It is called a sporophyte. People often write "2n" for diploid. A bryophyte begins when its parent plant makes haploid spores that land on the ground. Each spore grows into a leafy gametophyte. This gametophyte is either male or female. Male gametophytes make haploid sperm. Female gametophytes make haploid eggs. Water moves the sperm to the egg. An embryo is made when they join. This embryo is diploid.

 Bryophytes (Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts)
Bryophytes (Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts)
What Is a Bryophyte?
Characteristics of Bryophytes
Bryophyte Nutrition
Water-Absorbing Leaves
Growth Cycles Tied to Water Availability
Life Cycle and Reproduction
Spore Develops into the Gametophyte
Gametophyte Releases Gametes
Sporophyte Releases Spores
Bryophyte Evolution & Classification
Mosses (Bryophyta)
Growth Pattern
Habitat
Distribution and Diversity
Life Cycle Differences
Examples of Moss
Liverworts
Growth patterns
Distribution and Diversity
Habitat
Life Cycle Differences
Examples of Liverworts
Hornworts
Growth Pattern
Distribution and Diversity
Habitat
Examples of Hornworts
Ecological Impact
Families in Bryophytes
 The tendency of an organism’s water content to change with its environment is called poikilohydric. Growth Cycles Tied to Water Availability
Poikilohydric organisms need water to grow. Consequently, if their environment doesn’t have moisture available, they will go into a water-stressed state called desiccation. If a bryophyte is in a desiccated state, it can survive! Once water is reintroduced to the ecosystem, the plant will rehydrate and can begin its growth cycles once again. Life Cycle and Reproduction
The bryophyte life cycle involves two distinct stages or an alternation of generations, each with a different physical form. These are the sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Each of these stages is named for what they produce. For example, the sporophyte generation produces the spores that develop into new plants. On the other hand, the gametophyte generation is the adult plant that produces the gametes, or haploid cells, that fuse together to form the viable spore.

The tendency of an organism’s water content to change with its environment is called poikilohydric. Growth Cycles Tied to Water Availability
Poikilohydric organisms need water to grow. Consequently, if their environment doesn’t have moisture available, they will go into a water-stressed state called desiccation. If a bryophyte is in a desiccated state, it can survive! Once water is reintroduced to the ecosystem, the plant will rehydrate and can begin its growth cycles once again. Life Cycle and Reproduction
The bryophyte life cycle involves two distinct stages or an alternation of generations, each with a different physical form. These are the sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Each of these stages is named for what they produce. For example, the sporophyte generation produces the spores that develop into new plants. On the other hand, the gametophyte generation is the adult plant that produces the gametes, or haploid cells, that fuse together to form the viable spore.

Gametophyte - Wikipedia Gametophyte
Gametophyte
Contents
Algae
Land plants
Bryophytes
Vascular plants
Ferns
Lycophytes
Seed plants
Heteromorphy
See also
References
Further reading
 As in animals, female and male gametes are called, respectively, eggs and sperm. In extant land plants, either the sporophyte or the gametophyte may be reduced (heteromorphic). Bryophytes
In bryophytes ( mosses, liverworts, and hornworts ), the gametophyte is the most visible stage of the life cycle. The bryophyte gametophyte is longer lived, nutritionally independent, and the sporophytes are attached to the gametophytes and dependent on them. When a moss spore germinates it grows to produce a filament of cells (called the protonema ). The mature gametophyte of mosses develops into leafy shoots that produce sex organs ( gametangia) that produce gametes. Eggs develop in archegonia and sperm in antheridia. In some bryophyte groups such as many liverworts of the order Marchantiales, the gametes are produced on specialized structures called gametophores (or gametangiophores). Vascular plants
All vascular plants are sporophyte dominant, and a trend toward smaller and more sporophyte-dependent female gametophytes is evident as land plants evolved reproduction by seeds. Those vascular plants, such as clubmosses and many ferns, that produce only one type of spore are said to be homosporous.

Gametophyte - Wikipedia

Gametophyte
Gametophyte
Contents
Algae
Land plants
Bryophytes
Vascular plants
Ferns
Lycophytes
Seed plants
Heteromorphy
See also
References
Further reading

Bryophyte | plant | Britannica Bryophyte
Bryophyte
plant
General features
 In most vascular plants, however, the gametophyte is dependent on the sporophyte. In bryophytes the long-lived and conspicuous generation is the gametophyte, while in vascular plants it is the sporophyte. Structures resembling stems, roots, and leaves are found on the gametophore of bryophytes, while these structures are found on the sporophytes in the vascular plants. The sporophyte releases spores, from which the gametophytes ultimately develop. moss life cycle
Life cycle of moss. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The gametophyte of some bryophyte species reproduces asexually, or vegetatively, by specialized masses of cells ( gemmae) that are usually budded off and ultimately give rise to gametophytes. Fragmentation of the gametophyte also results in vegetative reproduction: each living fragment has the potential to grow into a complete gametophyte. The mature gametophyte of most mosses is leafy in appearance, but some liverworts and hornworts have a flattened gametophyte, called a thallus. The thallus tends to be ribbonlike in form and is often compressed against the substratum to which it is generally attached by threadlike structures called rhizoids.

Bryophyte | plant | Britannica

Bryophyte
Bryophyte
plant
General features

In most vascular plants, however, the gametophyte is dependent on the sporophyte. In bryophytes the long-lived and conspicuous generation is the gametophyte, while in vascular plants it is the sporophyte. Structures resembling stems, roots, and leaves are found on the gametophore of bryophytes, while these structures are found on the sporophytes in the vascular plants. The sporophyte releases spores, from which the gametophytes ultimately develop. moss life cycle
Life cycle of moss. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The gametophyte of some bryophyte species reproduces asexually, or vegetatively, by specialized masses of cells ( gemmae) that are usually budded off and ultimately give rise to gametophytes. Fragmentation of the gametophyte also results in vegetative reproduction: each living fragment has the potential to grow into a complete gametophyte. The mature gametophyte of most mosses is leafy in appearance, but some liverworts and hornworts have a flattened gametophyte, called a thallus. The thallus tends to be ribbonlike in form and is often compressed against the substratum to which it is generally attached by threadlike structures called rhizoids.

Bryophytes | Basic Biology Bryophytes
Bryophytes
Where are bryophytes found?
How old are bryophytes?
How did bryophytes evolve?
How big are bryophytes?
How does their life-cycle work?
Why are bryophytes important?
 How big are bryophytes? Bryophytes are all pretty small plants as they are limited in size by poor transport methods for water, gases and other compounds. Even the largest moss only grows to 50cm tall but much larger colonies of bryophytes can often be found. These colonies are made up of many smaller individuals that work together to absorb and retain water. How does their life-cycle work? Like all land plants, bryophytes have a life-cycle that alternates with each generation. One generation is known as the gametophyte and the second is the sporophyte. The gametophyte produces haploid spores with only have the genetic material of gametophyte cells. The sporophyte is grown when released spores germinate in a new environment and begin dividing. For bryophytes, the gametophyte is the most obvious generation.

Bryophytes | Basic Biology

How big are bryophytes? Bryophytes are all pretty small plants as they are limited in size by poor transport methods for water, gases and other compounds. Even the largest moss only grows to 50cm tall but much larger colonies of bryophytes can often be found. These colonies are made up of many smaller individuals that work together to absorb and retain water. How does their life-cycle work? Like all land plants, bryophytes have a life-cycle that alternates with each generation. One generation is known as the gametophyte and the second is the sporophyte. The gametophyte produces haploid spores with only have the genetic material of gametophyte cells. The sporophyte is grown when released spores germinate in a new environment and begin dividing. For bryophytes, the gametophyte is the most obvious generation.

Bryophyte | plant | Britannica Bryophyte
Bryophyte
plant
General features
 They are widely distributed throughout the world and are relatively small compared with most seed-bearing plants. bryophyte moss
Bryophyte moss growing on oak trees. © Anne Kitzman/Shutterstock.com
The bryophytes show an alternation of generations between the independent gametophyte generation, which produces the sex organs and sperm and eggs, and the dependent sporophyte generation, which produces the spores. In contrast to vascular plants, the bryophyte sporophyte usually lacks a complex vascular system and produces only one spore-containing organ (sporangium) rather than many. Furthermore, the gametophyte generation of the bryophyte is usually perennial and photosynthetically independent of the sporophyte, which forms an intimate interconnection with the gametophytic tissue, especially at the base, or foot, of the sporophyte. In most vascular plants, however, the gametophyte is dependent on the sporophyte. In bryophytes the long-lived and conspicuous generation is the gametophyte, while in vascular plants it is the sporophyte. Structures resembling stems, roots, and leaves are found on the gametophore of bryophytes, while these structures are found on the sporophytes in the vascular plants. The sporophyte releases spores, from which the gametophytes ultimately develop. moss life cycle
Life cycle of moss.

Bryophyte | plant | Britannica

Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant? Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant?
Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant? Of the plants, angiosperms have the most dramatically reduced gametophytes with male (micro) gametophytes represented by a 3-celled structure and female (mega) gametophytes represented by a 7-celled structure. Secondly, why Sporophyte is dominant over Gametophyte? The union of two gametes during fertilization produces a diploid zygote, which divides mitotically to form a new sporophyte. Thus, in the higher (i.e., vascular) plants the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, whereas in the more primitive nonvascular plants (bryophytes) the gametophyte remains dominant. In this manner, which generation is dominant in Anthophytes? sporophyte
Are gymnosperms Gametophyte or Sporophyte dominant? Gymnosperms, like all vascular plants, have a sporophyte-dominant life cycle, which means they spend most of their life cycle with diploid cells, while the gametophyte (gamete-bearing phase) is relatively short-lived. Gametophytes, as with all heterosporous plants, develop within the spore wall.

Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant?

Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant?
Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant?

Of the plants, angiosperms have the most dramatically reduced gametophytes with male (micro) gametophytes represented by a 3-celled structure and female (mega) gametophytes represented by a 7-celled structure. Secondly, why Sporophyte is dominant over Gametophyte? The union of two gametes during fertilization produces a diploid zygote, which divides mitotically to form a new sporophyte. Thus, in the higher (i.e., vascular) plants the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, whereas in the more primitive nonvascular plants (bryophytes) the gametophyte remains dominant. In this manner, which generation is dominant in Anthophytes? sporophyte
Are gymnosperms Gametophyte or Sporophyte dominant? Gymnosperms, like all vascular plants, have a sporophyte-dominant life cycle, which means they spend most of their life cycle with diploid cells, while the gametophyte (gamete-bearing phase) is relatively short-lived. Gametophytes, as with all heterosporous plants, develop within the spore wall.

Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant? Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant?
Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant? science biological sciences
4.3/5 (202 Views . 38 Votes)
ANTHOPHYTA II. As in all plants, apart from the liverworts and mosses, the dominant phase of the flowering plant is the sporophyte. Click to see full answer
Also asked, which generation is dominant in Coniferophytes? Like the ferns and gymnosperms, angiosperms have a dominant sporophyte (2n) generation. Of the plants, angiosperms have the most dramatically reduced gametophytes with male (micro) gametophytes represented by a 3-celled structure and female (mega) gametophytes represented by a 7-celled structure. Secondly, why Sporophyte is dominant over Gametophyte? The union of two gametes during fertilization produces a diploid zygote, which divides mitotically to form a new sporophyte. Thus, in the higher (i.e., vascular) plants the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, whereas in the more primitive nonvascular plants (bryophytes) the gametophyte remains dominant. In this manner, which generation is dominant in Anthophytes?

Are Anthophyta Gametophyte dominant?

science biological sciences
4.3/5 (202 Views . 38 Votes)
ANTHOPHYTA II. As in all plants, apart from the liverworts and mosses, the dominant phase of the flowering plant is the sporophyte. Click to see full answer
Also asked, which generation is dominant in Coniferophytes? Like the ferns and gymnosperms, angiosperms have a dominant sporophyte (2n) generation. Of the plants, angiosperms have the most dramatically reduced gametophytes with male (micro) gametophytes represented by a 3-celled structure and female (mega) gametophytes represented by a 7-celled structure. Secondly, why Sporophyte is dominant over Gametophyte? The union of two gametes during fertilization produces a diploid zygote, which divides mitotically to form a new sporophyte. Thus, in the higher (i.e., vascular) plants the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, whereas in the more primitive nonvascular plants (bryophytes) the gametophyte remains dominant. In this manner, which generation is dominant in Anthophytes?

gametophyte | Definition & Examples | Britannica Gametophyte
Gametophyte
biology
 Emerging from the spore at the time of germination...
In the gametophyte phase, which is haploid (having a single set of chromosomes ), male and female organs (gametangia) develop and produce eggs and sperm ( gametes) through simple mitosis for sexual reproduction. When these unite in fertilization, the zygote then develops into the diploid (having two sets of chromosomes) sporophyte phase, which produces unicellular spores through meiosis. These, in turn, develop into a new gametophyte phase. moss life cycle
Life cycle of moss. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The character and relative extent of the two phases vary greatly among different groups of plants and algae. Over the course of evolution, the gametophyte stage has become progressively reduced. Thus, the gametophyte stage is dominant in the more primitive (nonvascular) plants ( bryophytes ), whereas the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of higher (i.e., vascular) plants. In algae, the dominant phase often depends on environmental conditions, though some species have determinant life cycles. This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello, Assistant Editor. History at your fingertips
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gametophyte | Definition & Examples | Britannica

The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Biology
Alternation of Generations
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations
 The zygote develops into the diploid sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis. Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues. Tracheophyte Generations
Tracheophytes are plants that contain vascular tissue; two of the major classes of tracheophytes are gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Tracheophytes, unlike bryophytes, have developed seeds that encase and protect their embryos. The dominant phase in the tracheophyte life cycle is the diploid (sporophyte) stage. The gametophytes are very small and cannot exist independent of the parent plant. The reproductive structures of the sporophyte (cones in gymnosperms and flowers in angiosperms), produce two different kinds of haploid spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female). This phenomenon of sexually differentiated spores is called heterospory.

The zygote develops into the diploid sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis. Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues. Tracheophyte Generations
Tracheophytes are plants that contain vascular tissue; two of the major classes of tracheophytes are gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Tracheophytes, unlike bryophytes, have developed seeds that encase and protect their embryos. The dominant phase in the tracheophyte life cycle is the diploid (sporophyte) stage. The gametophytes are very small and cannot exist independent of the parent plant. The reproductive structures of the sporophyte (cones in gymnosperms and flowers in angiosperms), produce two different kinds of haploid spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female). This phenomenon of sexually differentiated spores is called heterospory.

Bryophyte - Wikipedia Bryophyte
Bryophyte
Contents
Terminology
Features
Habitat
Life cycle
Sexuality
Classification and phylogeny
Paraphyletic view
Other views
Evolution
Similarities to algae and vascular plants
Comparative morphology
Uses
Environmental
Commercial
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
 Arthropods can assist in transfer of sperm. Fertilized eggs become zygotes, which develop into sporophyte embryos inside the archegonia. Mature sporophytes remain attached to the gametophyte. They consist of a stalk called a seta and a single sporangium or capsule. Inside the sporangium, haploid spores are produced by meiosis. These are dispersed, most commonly by wind, and if they land in a suitable environment can develop into a new gametophyte. Thus bryophytes disperse by a combination of swimming sperm and spores, in a manner similar to lycophytes, ferns and other cryptogams . Further information: Liverwort § Life cycle, Moss § Life cycle, and Hornwort § Life cycle
Sexuality
The arrangement of antheridia and archegonia on an individual bryophyte plant is usually constant within a species, although in some species it may depend on environmental conditions. The main division is between species in which the antheridia and archegonia occur on the same plant and those in which they occur on different plants.

Bryophyte - Wikipedia

Arthropods can assist in transfer of sperm. Fertilized eggs become zygotes, which develop into sporophyte embryos inside the archegonia. Mature sporophytes remain attached to the gametophyte. They consist of a stalk called a seta and a single sporangium or capsule. Inside the sporangium, haploid spores are produced by meiosis. These are dispersed, most commonly by wind, and if they land in a suitable environment can develop into a new gametophyte. Thus bryophytes disperse by a combination of swimming sperm and spores, in a manner similar to lycophytes, ferns and other cryptogams . Further information: Liverwort § Life cycle, Moss § Life cycle, and Hornwort § Life cycle
Sexuality
The arrangement of antheridia and archegonia on an individual bryophyte plant is usually constant within a species, although in some species it may depend on environmental conditions. The main division is between species in which the antheridia and archegonia occur on the same plant and those in which they occur on different plants.

The Life Cycle of Plants: Alternation of Generations | SparkNotes The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations
 Tracheophyte Generations
Tracheophytes are plants that contain vascular tissue; two of the major classes of tracheophytes are gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Tracheophytes, unlike bryophytes, have developed seeds that encase and protect their embryos. The dominant phase in the tracheophyte life cycle is the diploid (sporophyte) stage. The gametophytes are very small and cannot exist independent of the parent plant. The reproductive structures of the sporophyte (cones in gymnosperms and flowers in angiosperms), produce two different kinds of haploid spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female). This phenomenon of sexually differentiated spores is called heterospory. These spores give rise to similarly sexually differentiated gametophytes, which in turn produce gametes. Fertilization occurs when a male and female gamete join to form a zygote.

The Life Cycle of Plants
The Life Cycle of Plants
Bryophyte Generations
Tracheophyte Generations

Tracheophyte Generations
Tracheophytes are plants that contain vascular tissue; two of the major classes of tracheophytes are gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Tracheophytes, unlike bryophytes, have developed seeds that encase and protect their embryos. The dominant phase in the tracheophyte life cycle is the diploid (sporophyte) stage. The gametophytes are very small and cannot exist independent of the parent plant. The reproductive structures of the sporophyte (cones in gymnosperms and flowers in angiosperms), produce two different kinds of haploid spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female). This phenomenon of sexually differentiated spores is called heterospory. These spores give rise to similarly sexually differentiated gametophytes, which in turn produce gametes. Fertilization occurs when a male and female gamete join to form a zygote.

Botany Professor: Why are there no moss trees? Botany Professor
Botany Professor
Thursday, December 29, 2011
Why are there no moss trees?
 Voila, trees! The gamete-producing generation of the fern resembles
that of a liverwort, but is even smaller and very short-lived. From A. W. Haupt, Plant Morphology, 1953. So in bryophytes, which are indeed well-adapted to creeping around in the shade, the gametophyte is the dominant plant, while the sporophyte is tiny, but in the tall-growing vascular plants, the sporophyte is the dominant plant, while the gametophyte is tiny. Posted by Frederick B. Essig at 5:17 AM
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Labels: bryophyte gametophyte sporophyte

Botany Professor: Why are there no moss trees?

Botany Professor
Botany Professor
Thursday, December 29, 2011
Why are there no moss trees?

Voila, trees! The gamete-producing generation of the fern resembles
that of a liverwort, but is even smaller and very short-lived. From A. W. Haupt, Plant Morphology, 1953. So in bryophytes, which are indeed well-adapted to creeping around in the shade, the gametophyte is the dominant plant, while the sporophyte is tiny, but in the tall-growing vascular plants, the sporophyte is the dominant plant, while the gametophyte is tiny. Posted by Frederick B. Essig at 5:17 AM
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Labels: bryophyte gametophyte sporophyte

Plant Reproduction | Organismal Biology Plant Reproduction
Plant Reproduction
Learning Objectives
Sexual reproduction in plants: Alternation of Generations
Reproduction in angiosperms
Flower Structure
The Pollen Grain: the Male Gametophyte
The Embryo Sac: The Female Gametophyte
Double Fertilization
Avoiding self-pollination
Pollination Syndromes
Seed Dormancy and Germination
Fruit and Seed Dispersal
 Alternation of Generations. Image credit: Menchi, Wikimedia Commons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sporic_meiosis.png
Though all plants display an alternation of generations life cycle, there are significant variations in different lineages of plants, consistent with their evolutionary history: In seedless non-vascular plants, or bryophytes (mosses), the haploid gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte (the plant structure that you see is the gametophyte); this is a gametophyte-dominated life cycle. The sporophyte is attached to and dependent on the gametophyte. ( By “dominated” we mean “the stage of the plant you can see by eye.”) In seedless vascular plants (ferns), the sporophyte is larger than the gametophyte (the plant structure that you see is the sporophyte), but the gametophyte is free-living and independent from the diploid sporophyte. The life cycle of angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (conifers) is dominated by the sporophyte stage (the plant structure that you see is the sporophyte), with the gametophyte remaining attached to and dependent on the sporophyte (reverse of bryophytes).

Plant Reproduction | Organismal Biology

Plant Reproduction
Plant Reproduction
Learning Objectives
Sexual reproduction in plants: Alternation of Generations
Reproduction in angiosperms
Flower Structure
The Pollen Grain: the Male Gametophyte
The Embryo Sac: The Female Gametophyte
Double Fertilization
Avoiding self-pollination
Pollination Syndromes
Seed Dormancy and Germination
Fruit and Seed Dispersal

Alternation of Generations. Image credit: Menchi, Wikimedia Commons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sporic_meiosis.png
Though all plants display an alternation of generations life cycle, there are significant variations in different lineages of plants, consistent with their evolutionary history: In seedless non-vascular plants, or bryophytes (mosses), the haploid gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte (the plant structure that you see is the gametophyte); this is a gametophyte-dominated life cycle. The sporophyte is attached to and dependent on the gametophyte. ( By “dominated” we mean “the stage of the plant you can see by eye.”) In seedless vascular plants (ferns), the sporophyte is larger than the gametophyte (the plant structure that you see is the sporophyte), but the gametophyte is free-living and independent from the diploid sporophyte. The life cycle of angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (conifers) is dominated by the sporophyte stage (the plant structure that you see is the sporophyte), with the gametophyte remaining attached to and dependent on the sporophyte (reverse of bryophytes).

gametophyte | Definition & Examples | Britannica Gametophyte
Gametophyte
biology
 Over the course of evolution, the gametophyte stage has become progressively reduced. Thus, the gametophyte stage is dominant in the more primitive (nonvascular) plants ( bryophytes ), whereas the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of higher (i.e., vascular) plants. In algae, the dominant phase often depends on environmental conditions, though some species have determinant life cycles. This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello, Assistant Editor. History at your fingertips
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Alternation of generations
Rhizoid
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Megagametogenesis
Megagametophyte
Haploid phase
Microgametophyte
Gametophore
Phyllid
Synergid

Over the course of evolution, the gametophyte stage has become progressively reduced. Thus, the gametophyte stage is dominant in the more primitive (nonvascular) plants ( bryophytes ), whereas the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of higher (i.e., vascular) plants. In algae, the dominant phase often depends on environmental conditions, though some species have determinant life cycles. This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello, Assistant Editor. History at your fingertips
Sign up here to see what happened On This Day, every day in your inbox! Email address
By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. Thank you for subscribing! Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Gametophyte
Quick Facts
related topics
Alternation of generations
Rhizoid
Prothallium
Megagametogenesis
Megagametophyte
Haploid phase
Microgametophyte
Gametophore
Phyllid
Synergid

Stages of a Plant’s Life Cycle | Biology for Majors II Stages of a Plant’s Life Cycle
Stages of a Plant’s Life Cycle
Learning Outcomes
Try It
Contribute!
 credit: modification of work by Peter Coxhead)
The life cycle of higher plants is dominated by the sporophyte stage, with the gametophyte borne on the sporophyte. In ferns, the gametophyte is free-living and very distinct in structure from the diploid sporophyte. In bryophytes, such as mosses, the haploid gametophyte is more developed than the sporophyte. During the vegetative phase of growth, plants increase in size and produce a shoot system and a root system. As they enter the reproductive phase, some of the branches start to bear flowers. Many flowers are borne singly, whereas some are borne in clusters. The flower is borne on a stalk known as a receptacle. Flower shape, color, and size are unique to each species, and are often used by taxonomists to classify plants. Try It
Open Assessments
Assessment Text
The gametophyte stage of plants produces which of the following?

Stages of a Plant’s Life Cycle | Biology for Majors II

Stages of a Plant’s Life Cycle
Stages of a Plant’s Life Cycle
Learning Outcomes
Try It
Contribute!

credit: modification of work by Peter Coxhead)
The life cycle of higher plants is dominated by the sporophyte stage, with the gametophyte borne on the sporophyte. In ferns, the gametophyte is free-living and very distinct in structure from the diploid sporophyte. In bryophytes, such as mosses, the haploid gametophyte is more developed than the sporophyte. During the vegetative phase of growth, plants increase in size and produce a shoot system and a root system. As they enter the reproductive phase, some of the branches start to bear flowers. Many flowers are borne singly, whereas some are borne in clusters. The flower is borne on a stalk known as a receptacle. Flower shape, color, and size are unique to each species, and are often used by taxonomists to classify plants. Try It
Open Assessments
Assessment Text
The gametophyte stage of plants produces which of the following?

sporophyte | Definition and Examples | Britannica Sporophyte
Sporophyte
biology
 Sporophyte phase
The sporophytes of all conifers are trees or shrubs. They have a life span that ranges from a few decades to more than 5,000 years. The...
In the sporophyte phase a diploid (having two sets of chromosomes) plant body grows and eventually produces spores through meiosis. These spores divide mitotically to produce haploid (having a single set of chromosomes) gamete -producing bodies called gametophytes. The union of two gametes during fertilization produces a diploid zygote, which divides mitotically to form a new sporophyte. fern: life cycle
The life cycle of the fern. © Merriam-Webster Inc.
The character and relative extent of the two phases vary greatly among different groups of plants and algae. During the course of evolution, the sporophyte stage has become progressively increased. Thus, in the higher (i.e., vascular) plants the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, whereas in the more primitive nonvascular plants ( bryophytes) the gametophyte remains dominant.

Sporophyte phase
The sporophytes of all conifers are trees or shrubs. They have a life span that ranges from a few decades to more than 5,000 years. The...
In the sporophyte phase a diploid (having two sets of chromosomes) plant body grows and eventually produces spores through meiosis. These spores divide mitotically to produce haploid (having a single set of chromosomes) gamete -producing bodies called gametophytes. The union of two gametes during fertilization produces a diploid zygote, which divides mitotically to form a new sporophyte. fern: life cycle
The life cycle of the fern. © Merriam-Webster Inc.
The character and relative extent of the two phases vary greatly among different groups of plants and algae. During the course of evolution, the sporophyte stage has become progressively increased. Thus, in the higher (i.e., vascular) plants the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, whereas in the more primitive nonvascular plants ( bryophytes) the gametophyte remains dominant.

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Bryophyte
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 Then other plants, including moss and hornworts, evolved from liverworts. A person who studies bryophytes is called a bryologist. The study of bryophytes is named bryology. Life cycle
See also: Alternation of generations
Like all land plants ( embryophytes ), bryophytes have life cycle s with alternation of generations. A bryophyte has two forms that have different numbers of chromosomes. The haploid form has unpaired chromosomes. It is called a gametophyte. People often write "1n" for haploid. The other form is diploid and has paired chromosomes.

Bryophyte
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Then other plants, including moss and hornworts, evolved from liverworts. A person who studies bryophytes is called a bryologist. The study of bryophytes is named bryology. Life cycle
See also: Alternation of generations
Like all land plants ( embryophytes ), bryophytes have life cycle s with alternation of generations. A bryophyte has two forms that have different numbers of chromosomes. The haploid form has unpaired chromosomes. It is called a gametophyte. People often write "1n" for haploid. The other form is diploid and has paired chromosomes.

16.3 Variation In Plant Life Cycles - Guest Hollow 16.3 Variation in Plant Life Cycles
16.3 Variation in Plant Life Cycles
Lesson Objectives
WORKBOOK ASSIGNMENT:
Vocabulary
Introduction
General Plant Life Cycle
Life Cycle of Nonvascular Plants
Life Cycle of a Moss
Life Cycle of Seedless Vascular Plants
Life Cycle of Gymnosperms
Life Cycle of Angiosperms
Plant Reproduction in Angiosperms
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 Why is a dominant sporophyte generation an advantage on land? All of these photos show plants of the dominant generation in their life cycle. Life Cycle of Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are the only plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant. Figure below shows the life cycle of moss. The familiar, green, photosynthetic moss plants are gametophytes. The sporophyte generation is very small and dependent on the gametophyte plant. Like other bryophytes, moss plants spend most of their life cycle as gametophytes. Find the sporophyte in the diagram. Do you see how it is growing on the gametophyte plant?

16.3 Variation In Plant Life Cycles - Guest Hollow

16.3 Variation in Plant Life Cycles
16.3 Variation in Plant Life Cycles
Lesson Objectives
WORKBOOK ASSIGNMENT:
Vocabulary
Introduction
General Plant Life Cycle
Life Cycle of Nonvascular Plants
Life Cycle of a Moss
Life Cycle of Seedless Vascular Plants
Life Cycle of Gymnosperms
Life Cycle of Angiosperms
Plant Reproduction in Angiosperms
Amoeba Sisters
1.06M subscribers
Lesson Summary
Lesson Review Questions
Recall
Apply Concepts
Think Critically
Share this:

Why is a dominant sporophyte generation an advantage on land? All of these photos show plants of the dominant generation in their life cycle. Life Cycle of Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are the only plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant. Figure below shows the life cycle of moss. The familiar, green, photosynthetic moss plants are gametophytes. The sporophyte generation is very small and dependent on the gametophyte plant. Like other bryophytes, moss plants spend most of their life cycle as gametophytes. Find the sporophyte in the diagram. Do you see how it is growing on the gametophyte plant?

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 in vascular plants, it’s the sporophyte. Why is a dominant sporophyte generation an advantage on land? All of these photos show plants of the dominant generation in their life cycle. Life Cycle of Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are the only plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant. Figure below shows the life cycle of moss. The familiar, green, photosynthetic moss plants are gametophytes. The sporophyte generation is very small and dependent on the gametophyte plant. Like other bryophytes, moss plants spend most of their life cycle as gametophytes. Find the sporophyte in the diagram.

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62% of people thought this content was helpful.

in vascular plants, it’s the sporophyte. Why is a dominant sporophyte generation an advantage on land? All of these photos show plants of the dominant generation in their life cycle. Life Cycle of Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are the only plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant. Figure below shows the life cycle of moss. The familiar, green, photosynthetic moss plants are gametophytes. The sporophyte generation is very small and dependent on the gametophyte plant. Like other bryophytes, moss plants spend most of their life cycle as gametophytes. Find the sporophyte in the diagram.

 So there is
no skeletal system for supporting large body size on land. 2. Anchoring rhizoids but no true roots for absorbing moisture from soil. The generalized life cycle of a bryophyte shows how closely tied to a moist habitat
they still are: In past classifications, the bryophytes included the hornworts, mosses and
liverworts. Today the three groups are put in separate phyla (although it is
recognized that they are at the same grade of adaptation to land and have similar life
cycles): 1. Hornworts-  with pointed "horn-shaped" sporophytes embedded in the
gametophyte. 2. Liverworts- have a leafy gametophyte and umbrella-shaped sporophytes.

So there is
no skeletal system for supporting large body size on land. 2. Anchoring rhizoids but no true roots for absorbing moisture from soil. The generalized life cycle of a bryophyte shows how closely tied to a moist habitat
they still are: In past classifications, the bryophytes included the hornworts, mosses and
liverworts. Today the three groups are put in separate phyla (although it is
recognized that they are at the same grade of adaptation to land and have similar life
cycles): 1. Hornworts-  with pointed "horn-shaped" sporophytes embedded in the
gametophyte. 2. Liverworts- have a leafy gametophyte and umbrella-shaped sporophytes.

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 I would suspect this is due to the evolutionary advantages that are associated with the sporophyte life stage in land plants. Multiple advantages developed in the sporophyte stage of plants as they evolved from simple gametophyte-dominant bryophyte ancestors to the vast array of much more successful and dominant ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Shift from gametophyte-dominated life cycle (in bryophytes) to sporophyte-dominated life cycle. Source: Cengage Learning (2016)
Evolutionary developments that have occurred across almost 500 million years in land plants include the development of stomata, true leaves, pollen and seeds, and flowers and fruits. Each of these developments occurred in the sporophyte life stage. Each of these evolutionary traits had significant effect on the success of the various plant types that possess them, as can be inferred from the increasing success and dominance of increasingly more evolved plant Divisions. Each of these sporophyte-focused evolutionary traits increased the reproductive success of plants (therefore swaying increasing advantage toward plants possessing increasingly sporophyte-dominant life cycles) due to their ability to increase plant size, growth, and success living in arid (i.e., terrestrial) environments. stomata allow for increased gas exchange with more limited water loss (note: these were necessary with the development of cuticles in sporophytes of early bryophytes as well)
vascular tissue 2 allow plants to grow taller/bigger/more complex while still receiving water and nutrients from the soil
true leaves allow for greater energy capture and growth (and therefore increased competitive advantages)
pollen and seeds allow for greater dispersal and removes/limits the constraints of aridity on fertilization
flowers and fruits increase pollination and seed dispersal
Reducing the gametophyte stage to small cells within larger sporophyte plants allows this otherwise water-necessary process to occur in the dry conditions of living on land.

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 The cells of the sporophyte are diploid. Reproduction
I. Vegetative reproductive: Vegetative reproduction is common in Bryophytes. It occurs during favourable growing season. Vegetative reproduction occurs only in the gametophytic stage. It takes place by the parts of the vegetative plant or by the production of special vegetative propagules. 2. Sexual reproduction: Sexual reproduction oogamous. Sex organs are always produced on the gametophyte.

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The cells of the sporophyte are diploid. Reproduction
I. Vegetative reproductive: Vegetative reproduction is common in Bryophytes. It occurs during favourable growing season. Vegetative reproduction occurs only in the gametophytic stage. It takes place by the parts of the vegetative plant or by the production of special vegetative propagules. 2. Sexual reproduction: Sexual reproduction oogamous. Sex organs are always produced on the gametophyte.

Bryophyte - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bryophyte
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 A bryophyte has two forms that have different numbers of chromosomes. The haploid form has unpaired chromosomes. It is called a gametophyte. People often write "1n" for haploid. The other form is diploid and has paired chromosomes. It is called a sporophyte. People often write "2n" for diploid. A bryophyte begins when its parent plant makes haploid spores that land on the ground. Each spore grows into a leafy gametophyte. This gametophyte is either male or female.

A bryophyte has two forms that have different numbers of chromosomes. The haploid form has unpaired chromosomes. It is called a gametophyte. People often write "1n" for haploid. The other form is diploid and has paired chromosomes. It is called a sporophyte. People often write "2n" for diploid. A bryophyte begins when its parent plant makes haploid spores that land on the ground. Each spore grows into a leafy gametophyte. This gametophyte is either male or female.

Alternation of generations - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Alternation of generations
Alternation of generations
Contents
Plants
As a factor in plant evolution
Algae
Bryophytes
Vascular plants
Earlier evolution
Similar processes in other organisms
Animals
References
 Bryophytes
Bryophytes ( mosses, liverworts and hornworts) have a dominant gametophyte stage on which the adult sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition. The sporophyte develops from the zygote inside the female sex organ, so its early development is nurtured by the gametophyte. Vascular plants
In flowering plants, the sporophyte comprises the whole multicellular body except the pollen and megagametophyte within the ovule
An independent sporophyte is the dominant form in all clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms (flowering plants) that have survived to the present day. Earlier evolution
Early land plants had sporophytes that produced identical spores: they looked the same whichever sex they developed into. The ancestors of the gymnosperms evolved complex heterosporous life cycles: the spores producing male and female gametophytes were of different sizes. The female megaspores tending to be larger, and fewer in number, than the male microspores . During the Devonian, several plant groups independently evolved heterospory and later endospory, in which single megaspores were kept inside the sporangia of the parent sporophyte. These endosporic megaspores had a miniature multicellular female gametophyte with female sex organs and egg cells.

Alternation of generations - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Alternation of generations
Alternation of generations
Contents
Plants
As a factor in plant evolution
Algae
Bryophytes
Vascular plants
Earlier evolution
Similar processes in other organisms
Animals
References

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Short answer: Many of the evolutionary developments in plants developed in the sporophyte life stage. Because increased fitness of these increasingly sporophyte-"dominant" plants would result in a greater survival and reproductive success, these plants became more dominant than the more-limited gametophyte-dominant early plants. In other words, natural selection of the fittest plants (which happen to have sporophyte traits increasingly adapated for living on land) likely led to the dominance in the sporophyte life stage. Long Answer: I would suspect this is due to the evolutionary advantages that are associated with the sporophyte life stage in land plants. Multiple advantages developed in the sporophyte stage of plants as they evolved from simple gametophyte-dominant bryophyte ancestors to the vast array of much more successful and dominant ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Shift from gametophyte-dominated life cycle (in bryophytes) to sporophyte-dominated life cycle. Source: Cengage Learning (2016)
Evolutionary developments that have occurred across almost 500 million years in land plants include the development of stomata, true leaves, pollen and seeds, and flowers and fruits.

Domain & Kingdom Plantae Domain & kingdom plantae
Domain & kingdom plantae
Domains & kingdoms
Algae
Bryophytes
Lifestyle of a pteridophyte
Examples of pteridophytes
scompare & Contrast - Bryophytes and pteridophytes
extra information
 This algae is a very diverse group. An example would be Sea lettuce. We believe land plants are developed from Algae because Multicellular Green Algae are ancestors of land plants, even though they're mostly marine. Bryophytes
Bryophytes are composed of mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Bryophytes protect the embryo and have thin waxy cuticles utilizing the air for species distribution. This life cycle to the left represent the typical life cycle of bryophytes and the steps. The bryophyte spore germinates into producing the protonema by releasing the spores from the operculum, making rhizoids. After leads to the gametophytes, make a female and male gametophytes until they mature. Undergoing Mitosis, the antheridium (male reproductive system) makes sperm and the archegonium (female reproductive system) makes an egg and sends it to the embryo taking part in now fertilization. Lifestyle of a pteridophyte
The pteridophytes are another name for a fern.

Domain & Kingdom Plantae

Domain & kingdom plantae
Domain & kingdom plantae
Domains & kingdoms
Algae
Bryophytes
Lifestyle of a pteridophyte
Examples of pteridophytes
scompare & Contrast - Bryophytes and pteridophytes
extra information

This algae is a very diverse group. An example would be Sea lettuce. We believe land plants are developed from Algae because Multicellular Green Algae are ancestors of land plants, even though they're mostly marine. Bryophytes
Bryophytes are composed of mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Bryophytes protect the embryo and have thin waxy cuticles utilizing the air for species distribution. This life cycle to the left represent the typical life cycle of bryophytes and the steps. The bryophyte spore germinates into producing the protonema by releasing the spores from the operculum, making rhizoids. After leads to the gametophytes, make a female and male gametophytes until they mature. Undergoing Mitosis, the antheridium (male reproductive system) makes sperm and the archegonium (female reproductive system) makes an egg and sends it to the embryo taking part in now fertilization. Lifestyle of a pteridophyte
The pteridophytes are another name for a fern.

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 Alternation of Generation
Regular heteromorphic alternation of generation occurs in bryophytes. The gametophyte produces haploid gametes. After fertilization the oospore gives rise to diplopod sporophyte. The sporophyte produces the spores by meiosis. The spores give rise to the gametophyte. Thus both sporophyte and gametophyte generations alternate with each other regularly. Classification
Bryophytes are divided into three divisions: I. Ilepatieopsida (Liverworts): Liverworts are the simplest bryophytes. They grow on moist rocks and wet soil.

BRYOPHYTES | Biology Boom

Alternation of Generation
Regular heteromorphic alternation of generation occurs in bryophytes. The gametophyte produces haploid gametes. After fertilization the oospore gives rise to diplopod sporophyte. The sporophyte produces the spores by meiosis. The spores give rise to the gametophyte. Thus both sporophyte and gametophyte generations alternate with each other regularly. Classification
Bryophytes are divided into three divisions: I. Ilepatieopsida (Liverworts): Liverworts are the simplest bryophytes. They grow on moist rocks and wet soil.

Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms? Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms?
Asked by: Yasir Tugujekov
Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms?
 Tha dominate stage in gymnosperms is the "sporophyte stage". Plants such as vascular plants, which are non-flowering, which can reproduce by cones would be an example of the gymnosperm. Click to see full answer. Simply so, what is the dominant stage in gymnosperms? The dominant stage in gymnosperms is sporophyte. Gymnosperms, like all vascular plants, have a life cycle that is sporophyte-dominant. Also Know, in which group of plants is the Gametophyte the dominant stage? Thus, the gametophyte stage is dominant in the more primitive (nonvascular) plants (bryophytes), whereas the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of higher (i.e., vascular) plants. In algae, the dominant phase often depends on environmental conditions, though some species have determinant life cycles. Consequently, what is the dominant stage in angiosperms?

Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms?
Asked by: Yasir Tugujekov
Which stage is the dominant stage in gymnosperms?

Tha dominate stage in gymnosperms is the "sporophyte stage". Plants such as vascular plants, which are non-flowering, which can reproduce by cones would be an example of the gymnosperm. Click to see full answer. Simply so, what is the dominant stage in gymnosperms? The dominant stage in gymnosperms is sporophyte. Gymnosperms, like all vascular plants, have a life cycle that is sporophyte-dominant. Also Know, in which group of plants is the Gametophyte the dominant stage? Thus, the gametophyte stage is dominant in the more primitive (nonvascular) plants (bryophytes), whereas the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of higher (i.e., vascular) plants. In algae, the dominant phase often depends on environmental conditions, though some species have determinant life cycles. Consequently, what is the dominant stage in angiosperms?

What are Bryophytes BRYOPHYTES
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 Second, bryophytes never form xylem tissue, the special lignin- containing, water-conducting tissue that is found in the sporophytes of all vascular plants. At one time, bryophytes were placed in a single phylum, intermediate in position between algae and vascular plants. Modern studies of cell ultrastructure and molecular biology, however,confirm that bryophytes comprise three separate evolutionary lineages, which are today recognized as mosses (phylum Bryophyta), liverworts (phylum Marchantiophyta) and hornworts (phylum Anthocerotophyta). Following a detailed analysis of land plant relationships, Kenrick and Crane (1998) proposed that the three groups of bryophytes represent a grade or structural level in plant evolution, identified by their "monosporangiate" life cycle. Within this the geologically oldest group, sharing a fossil record with the oldest vascular plants in the Devonian era. Of the three phyla of bryophytes, greatest species diversity is found in the mosses, with up to 15,000 species recognized. A moss begins its life cycle when haploid spores, which are produced in the sporophyte capsule, land on a moist substrate and begin to germinate. From the one-celled spore, a highly branched system of filaments, called the protonema, develops. Cell specialization occurs within the protonema to form a horizontal system of reddish-brown, anchoring filaments, called caulonemal filaments and upright, green filaments, called chloronemal filaments. Each protonema, which superficially resembles a filamentous alga, can spread over several centimeters to form a fuzzy green film over its substrate.

What are Bryophytes

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 The sporophyte produces the spores on
maturity by the asexual process. The spore mother cells give rise to spores. Each spore mother cell undergoes meiosis. It produces four haploid spores. Spores are the beginning of the gametophytic stage. Alternation of Generation
Regular heteromorphic alternation of generation occurs in bryophytes. The gametophyte produces haploid gametes. After fertilization the oospore gives rise to diplopod sporophyte. The sporophyte produces the spores by meiosis. The spores give rise to the gametophyte.

BRYOPHYTES | Biology Boom

The sporophyte produces the spores on
maturity by the asexual process. The spore mother cells give rise to spores. Each spore mother cell undergoes meiosis. It produces four haploid spores. Spores are the beginning of the gametophytic stage. Alternation of Generation
Regular heteromorphic alternation of generation occurs in bryophytes. The gametophyte produces haploid gametes. After fertilization the oospore gives rise to diplopod sporophyte. The sporophyte produces the spores by meiosis. The spores give rise to the gametophyte.

Domain & Kingdom Plantae Domain & kingdom plantae
Domain & kingdom plantae
Domains & kingdoms
Algae
Bryophytes
Lifestyle of a pteridophyte
Examples of pteridophytes
scompare & Contrast - Bryophytes and pteridophytes
extra information
 This life cycle to the left represent the typical life cycle of bryophytes and the steps. The bryophyte spore germinates into producing the protonema by releasing the spores from the operculum, making rhizoids. After leads to the gametophytes, make a female and male gametophytes until they mature. Undergoing Mitosis, the antheridium (male reproductive system) makes sperm and the archegonium (female reproductive system) makes an egg and sends it to the embryo taking part in now fertilization. Lifestyle of a pteridophyte
The pteridophytes are another name for a fern. The life cycle of fern is roughly the same as a bryophyte. Starting at Meiosis the spores germinate continuing to make gametophytes producing the sperm and egg for archegonium and antheridium, undergoing fertilization. After fertilization of the two gametophytes, sporophytes take place going into the roots of Fronds making Rhizoids. The spores that are now germinated are travelling into the Indusim of the Sorus. The cycle is now finished and undergoes repeating Meiosis again.

Domain & Kingdom Plantae

This life cycle to the left represent the typical life cycle of bryophytes and the steps. The bryophyte spore germinates into producing the protonema by releasing the spores from the operculum, making rhizoids. After leads to the gametophytes, make a female and male gametophytes until they mature. Undergoing Mitosis, the antheridium (male reproductive system) makes sperm and the archegonium (female reproductive system) makes an egg and sends it to the embryo taking part in now fertilization. Lifestyle of a pteridophyte
The pteridophytes are another name for a fern. The life cycle of fern is roughly the same as a bryophyte. Starting at Meiosis the spores germinate continuing to make gametophytes producing the sperm and egg for archegonium and antheridium, undergoing fertilization. After fertilization of the two gametophytes, sporophytes take place going into the roots of Fronds making Rhizoids. The spores that are now germinated are travelling into the Indusim of the Sorus. The cycle is now finished and undergoes repeating Meiosis again.

 the the younger sporophyte grows from
the gametophyte. 001
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What stage of the fern life cycle is dominant? The diploid sporophyte stage of the fern cycle is dominant. In
seed plants, the opposite is true; the haploid gametophyte stage is
dominant for these. During the life cycle of a plant gametophyte is to n as sporophyte is to? Basically, plants have two stages in their life cycle, they can
appear as a gametophyte or a sporophyte. What are the differences between the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage of the plant life-cycle? the gametophyte stage begins with meiosis and the sporophyte
stage begins with fertilization.

the the younger sporophyte grows from
the gametophyte. 001
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What stage of the fern life cycle is dominant? The diploid sporophyte stage of the fern cycle is dominant. In
seed plants, the opposite is true; the haploid gametophyte stage is
dominant for these. During the life cycle of a plant gametophyte is to n as sporophyte is to? Basically, plants have two stages in their life cycle, they can
appear as a gametophyte or a sporophyte. What are the differences between the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage of the plant life-cycle? the gametophyte stage begins with meiosis and the sporophyte
stage begins with fertilization.

 The two stages are called the sporophyte generation and the
gametophyte generation. The life cycle of nonvascular plants includes an alternation of generations between a? diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte
The most apparent trend involved the relative importance of the haploid gametophyte in contrast to the diploid sporophyte which became increasingly emphasized in the life cycle? Sporophyte :D
Diploid form in a plant's life cycle? The diploid form in a plant's life cycle is called the
sporophyte. Land plants have a complex life cycle that involves an
alternation of generations between a haploid gametophyte and a
diploid sporophyte. The generation of a tulip is the dominant phase of its life cycle? sporophyte generation
Describe the dominant stage in the life cycle of a fern? Diploid Sporophyte
What generation is dominant in the fern life cycle? The Sporophyte life cycle is the dominant stage in Ferns
(vascular non-seed plants)
Compare and contrast the life cycle of a fern with the life cycle of a conifer?

The two stages are called the sporophyte generation and the
gametophyte generation. The life cycle of nonvascular plants includes an alternation of generations between a? diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte
The most apparent trend involved the relative importance of the haploid gametophyte in contrast to the diploid sporophyte which became increasingly emphasized in the life cycle? Sporophyte :D
Diploid form in a plant's life cycle? The diploid form in a plant's life cycle is called the
sporophyte. Land plants have a complex life cycle that involves an
alternation of generations between a haploid gametophyte and a
diploid sporophyte. The generation of a tulip is the dominant phase of its life cycle? sporophyte generation
Describe the dominant stage in the life cycle of a fern? Diploid Sporophyte
What generation is dominant in the fern life cycle? The Sporophyte life cycle is the dominant stage in Ferns
(vascular non-seed plants)
Compare and contrast the life cycle of a fern with the life cycle of a conifer?

 Land plants have a complex life cycle that involves an
alternation of generations between a haploid gametophyte and a
diploid sporophyte. The generation of a tulip is the dominant phase of its life cycle? sporophyte generation
Describe the dominant stage in the life cycle of a fern? Diploid Sporophyte
What generation is dominant in the fern life cycle? The Sporophyte life cycle is the dominant stage in Ferns
(vascular non-seed plants)
Compare and contrast the life cycle of a fern with the life cycle of a conifer? The life cycle of a fern includes both a gametophyte and
sporophyte generation. A diploid zygote formed on the gametophyte
develops into a sporophyte, a fern. The sporophyte releases haploid
spores that germinate into gametophytes. The life cycle of a
conifer consists of male and female cones produced on an adult
plant, the sporophyte. The male produces pollen grains that
fertilize eggs retained within the female cone.

Land plants have a complex life cycle that involves an
alternation of generations between a haploid gametophyte and a
diploid sporophyte. The generation of a tulip is the dominant phase of its life cycle? sporophyte generation
Describe the dominant stage in the life cycle of a fern? Diploid Sporophyte
What generation is dominant in the fern life cycle? The Sporophyte life cycle is the dominant stage in Ferns
(vascular non-seed plants)
Compare and contrast the life cycle of a fern with the life cycle of a conifer? The life cycle of a fern includes both a gametophyte and
sporophyte generation. A diploid zygote formed on the gametophyte
develops into a sporophyte, a fern. The sporophyte releases haploid
spores that germinate into gametophytes. The life cycle of a
conifer consists of male and female cones produced on an adult
plant, the sporophyte. The male produces pollen grains that
fertilize eggs retained within the female cone.

16.3 Variation In Plant Life Cycles - Guest Hollow 16.3 Variation in Plant Life Cycles
16.3 Variation in Plant Life Cycles
Lesson Objectives
WORKBOOK ASSIGNMENT:
Vocabulary
Introduction
General Plant Life Cycle
Life Cycle of Nonvascular Plants
Life Cycle of a Moss
Life Cycle of Seedless Vascular Plants
Life Cycle of Gymnosperms
Life Cycle of Angiosperms
Plant Reproduction in Angiosperms
Amoeba Sisters
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 Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote. The zygote grows and develops into a mature sporophyte, and the cycle repeats. This diagram represents the life cycle that generally characterizes plants. One of the two generations of a plant’s life cycle is typically dominant to the other generation. Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other plant (see Figure below). Individuals in the nondominant generation, in contrast, may be very small and rarely seen. They may live in or on the dominant plant. The dominant generation in nonvascular plants is the gametophyte; in vascular plants, it’s the sporophyte.

Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote. The zygote grows and develops into a mature sporophyte, and the cycle repeats. This diagram represents the life cycle that generally characterizes plants. One of the two generations of a plant’s life cycle is typically dominant to the other generation. Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other plant (see Figure below). Individuals in the nondominant generation, in contrast, may be very small and rarely seen. They may live in or on the dominant plant. The dominant generation in nonvascular plants is the gametophyte; in vascular plants, it’s the sporophyte.

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Notes/Highlights
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 The gametophyte has male or female reproductive organs that undergo mitosis to form haploid gametes (sperm or eggs). Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote. The zygote grows and develops into a mature sporophyte, and the cycle repeats. This diagram represents the life cycle that generally characterizes plants. One of the two generations of a plant’s life cycle is typically dominant to the other generation. Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other plant (see Figure below ). Individuals in the nondominant generation, in contrast, may be very small and rarely seen. They may live in or on the dominant plant. The dominant generation in nonvascular plants is the gametophyte;

The gametophyte has male or female reproductive organs that undergo mitosis to form haploid gametes (sperm or eggs). Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote. The zygote grows and develops into a mature sporophyte, and the cycle repeats. This diagram represents the life cycle that generally characterizes plants. One of the two generations of a plant’s life cycle is typically dominant to the other generation. Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other plant (see Figure below ). Individuals in the nondominant generation, in contrast, may be very small and rarely seen. They may live in or on the dominant plant. The dominant generation in nonvascular plants is the gametophyte;

Welcome to CK-12 Foundation | CK-12 Foundation
Notes/Highlights
62% of people thought this content was helpful.
 Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other plant (see Figure below ). Individuals in the nondominant generation, in contrast, may be very small and rarely seen. They may live in or on the dominant plant. The dominant generation in nonvascular plants is the gametophyte; in vascular plants, it’s the sporophyte. Why is a dominant sporophyte generation an advantage on land? All of these photos show plants of the dominant generation in their life cycle. Life Cycle of Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are the only plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant.

Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other plant (see Figure below ). Individuals in the nondominant generation, in contrast, may be very small and rarely seen. They may live in or on the dominant plant. The dominant generation in nonvascular plants is the gametophyte; in vascular plants, it’s the sporophyte. Why is a dominant sporophyte generation an advantage on land? All of these photos show plants of the dominant generation in their life cycle. Life Cycle of Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are the only plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant.

A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
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A Fern Life Cycle: Plant Reproduction Without Flowers or Seeds
A Gymnosperm Life Cycle: Reproduction of Plants with 'Naked Seeds' 6:31
An Angiosperm Life Cycle: Flowering Plant Reproduction 6:26
Asexual Plant Reproduction: Vegetative Propagation and Bulbs 8:09
Tropisms: Phototropic, Geotropic and Thigmotropic Plant Growth 4:48
Photoperiodicity: Short-day, Long-day and Day-Neutral Plants 5:00
Seasonal Growth Cycles: Perennial, Annual and Biennial Plants 6:20
Plant Hormones: Chemical Control of Growth and Reproduction 6:42

A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
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Introduction to Mosses
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Dominant Gametophyte 5:21
6:15
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A Fern Life Cycle: Plant Reproduction Without Flowers or Seeds
A Gymnosperm Life Cycle: Reproduction of Plants with 'Naked Seeds' 6:31
An Angiosperm Life Cycle: Flowering Plant Reproduction 6:26
Asexual Plant Reproduction: Vegetative Propagation and Bulbs 8:09
Tropisms: Phototropic, Geotropic and Thigmotropic Plant Growth 4:48
Photoperiodicity: Short-day, Long-day and Day-Neutral Plants 5:00
Seasonal Growth Cycles: Perennial, Annual and Biennial Plants 6:20
Plant Hormones: Chemical Control of Growth and Reproduction 6:42

A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
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Introduction to Mosses
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Alternation of Generations: The Gametophyte and Sporophyte 7:31
A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte 5:21
6:15
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A Fern Life Cycle: Plant Reproduction Without Flowers or Seeds
A Gymnosperm Life Cycle: Reproduction of Plants with 'Naked Seeds' 6:31
An Angiosperm Life Cycle: Flowering Plant Reproduction 6:26
Asexual Plant Reproduction: Vegetative Propagation and Bulbs 8:09
Tropisms:

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Ch 11. Overview of Cell Division
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Ch 13. Plant Reproduction and Growth
Alternation of Generations: The Gametophyte and Sporophyte 7:31
A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte 5:21
6:15
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A Fern Life Cycle: Plant Reproduction Without Flowers or Seeds
A Gymnosperm Life Cycle: Reproduction of Plants with 'Naked Seeds' 6:31
An Angiosperm Life Cycle: Flowering Plant Reproduction 6:26
Asexual Plant Reproduction: Vegetative Propagation and Bulbs 8:09
Tropisms:

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 It is anchored to the ground by rhizoids, which are less complex than roots found in vascular plants. This haploid stage is capable of photosynthesis and supports the life functions of the plant. The Diploid Stage
The diploid stage begins following fertilization. Sperm are released from the antheridia and swim - using flagella - to a female archegonia. Once the haploid egg and sperm fuse, there is now a zygote. This new diploid cell will divide through mitosis to eventually become the mature sporophyte. Keep in mind that the sporophyte is dependent upon the gametophyte for nutrition and support. The sporophyte actually grows within the archegonia. It will develop a foot that attaches to the gametophyte. A stalk will then grow out of the archegonia.

It is anchored to the ground by rhizoids, which are less complex than roots found in vascular plants. This haploid stage is capable of photosynthesis and supports the life functions of the plant. The Diploid Stage
The diploid stage begins following fertilization. Sperm are released from the antheridia and swim - using flagella - to a female archegonia. Once the haploid egg and sperm fuse, there is now a zygote. This new diploid cell will divide through mitosis to eventually become the mature sporophyte. Keep in mind that the sporophyte is dependent upon the gametophyte for nutrition and support. The sporophyte actually grows within the archegonia. It will develop a foot that attaches to the gametophyte. A stalk will then grow out of the archegonia.

A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
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Introduction to Mosses
Review of Alternation of Generations
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 This new diploid cell will divide through mitosis to eventually become the mature sporophyte. Keep in mind that the sporophyte is dependent upon the gametophyte for nutrition and support. The sporophyte actually grows within the archegonia. It will develop a foot that attaches to the gametophyte. A stalk will then grow out of the archegonia. At the end, a round capsule may be seen. The entire sporophyte structure can be seen here sticking out of the top of the dominant haploid stage. The parts of the sporophyte

The capsule contains sporangium, which produces spores. Within the sporangium are specific cells, sporocytes, that undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. These spores are then released and will eventually become either a male or a female gametophyte, continuing the life cycle.

This new diploid cell will divide through mitosis to eventually become the mature sporophyte. Keep in mind that the sporophyte is dependent upon the gametophyte for nutrition and support. The sporophyte actually grows within the archegonia. It will develop a foot that attaches to the gametophyte. A stalk will then grow out of the archegonia. At the end, a round capsule may be seen. The entire sporophyte structure can be seen here sticking out of the top of the dominant haploid stage. The parts of the sporophyte

The capsule contains sporangium, which produces spores. Within the sporangium are specific cells, sporocytes, that undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. These spores are then released and will eventually become either a male or a female gametophyte, continuing the life cycle.

A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
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Solved: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True?... | Chegg.com Question:
Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...

Question: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...
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Question: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...
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Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...

Question: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...
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Question: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...
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9.18: Plant Life Cycles - Biology LibreTexts 9.18: Plant Life Cycles
9.18: Plant Life Cycles
Fertilization or pollination. How does this occur in the plant?
General Plant Life Cycle
Summary
 Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other plant (see Figure below ). Individuals in the nondominant generation, in contrast, may be very small and rarely seen. They may live in or on the dominant plant. The dominant generation in nonvascular plants is the gametophyte; in vascular plants, it’s the sporophyte. Why is a dominant sporophyte generation an advantage on land? All of these photos show plants of the dominant generation in their life cycle. YouTube
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9.18: Plant Life Cycles
9.18: Plant Life Cycles
Fertilization or pollination. How does this occur in the plant?
General Plant Life Cycle
Summary

Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other plant (see Figure below ). Individuals in the nondominant generation, in contrast, may be very small and rarely seen. They may live in or on the dominant plant. The dominant generation in nonvascular plants is the gametophyte; in vascular plants, it’s the sporophyte. Why is a dominant sporophyte generation an advantage on land? All of these photos show plants of the dominant generation in their life cycle. YouTube
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A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
Lesson Transcript
Introduction to Mosses
Review of Alternation of Generations
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 At the end, a round capsule may be seen. The entire sporophyte structure can be seen here sticking out of the top of the dominant haploid stage. The parts of the sporophyte

The capsule contains sporangium, which produces spores. Within the sporangium are specific cells, sporocytes, that undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. These spores are then released and will eventually become either a male or a female gametophyte, continuing the life cycle. Lesson Summary
Mosses are non-vascular plants that are small and live in close groups mostly in damp environments. Unlike more advanced plants, mosses have a dominant haploid stage. Moss gametophytes are generally either male or female. Male gametophytes contain antheridia, which produce and release the male gamete - sperm. Female gametophytes contain archegonia, which produce the female gamete - eggs.

At the end, a round capsule may be seen. The entire sporophyte structure can be seen here sticking out of the top of the dominant haploid stage. The parts of the sporophyte

The capsule contains sporangium, which produces spores. Within the sporangium are specific cells, sporocytes, that undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. These spores are then released and will eventually become either a male or a female gametophyte, continuing the life cycle. Lesson Summary
Mosses are non-vascular plants that are small and live in close groups mostly in damp environments. Unlike more advanced plants, mosses have a dominant haploid stage. Moss gametophytes are generally either male or female. Male gametophytes contain antheridia, which produce and release the male gamete - sperm. Female gametophytes contain archegonia, which produce the female gamete - eggs.

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Life Cycle of Gymnosperms - Biology Wise Life Cycle of Gymnosperms
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle
Sporophyte: Spore-bearing Phase
Gametophyte: Gamete-producing Phase
 Similar to other evolved plants, alternation of generations are present in the life cycle of gymnosperms. Two different forms that alternate each other are the spore bearing plant (sporophyte) and gamete bearing structure (gametophyte). The former is the dominant one and lasts for a longer period than the gametophyte phase in the gymnosperm life cycle. For simple understanding, you can study the life cycle of spruce or pine. Sporophyte: Spore-bearing Phase
The sporophyte phase represents the adult, photosynthetic, diploid gymnosperm plant that produces the male cones (or pollen cones) and the female cones (ovulate cones). The former is usually smaller than the latter one. They develop in the same plant (monoecious) or different plants (dioecious). When present in the same plant, the female cones or strobili are produced in the upper part of branches, while the pollen cones are found in the lower portion. The sporophylls of the male strobili bear microspores, while that of the female cones form megaspores.

Life Cycle of Gymnosperms - Biology Wise

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Gymnosperm Life Cycle
Sporophyte: Spore-bearing Phase
Gametophyte: Gamete-producing Phase

Similar to other evolved plants, alternation of generations are present in the life cycle of gymnosperms. Two different forms that alternate each other are the spore bearing plant (sporophyte) and gamete bearing structure (gametophyte). The former is the dominant one and lasts for a longer period than the gametophyte phase in the gymnosperm life cycle. For simple understanding, you can study the life cycle of spruce or pine. Sporophyte: Spore-bearing Phase
The sporophyte phase represents the adult, photosynthetic, diploid gymnosperm plant that produces the male cones (or pollen cones) and the female cones (ovulate cones). The former is usually smaller than the latter one. They develop in the same plant (monoecious) or different plants (dioecious). When present in the same plant, the female cones or strobili are produced in the upper part of branches, while the pollen cones are found in the lower portion. The sporophylls of the male strobili bear microspores, while that of the female cones form megaspores.

Solved: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True?... | Chegg.com Question:
Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...

Question: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...
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Which of the following sets of statements is true? In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. Ferns require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but mosses do not. The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. Mosses require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but ferns do not. In mosses, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle;

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Which of the following sets of statements is true? In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. Ferns require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but mosses do not. The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. Mosses require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but ferns do not. In mosses, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle;

A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
A Moss Life Cycle: Dominant Gametophyte
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Introduction to Mosses
Review of Alternation of Generations
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Science / CLEP Biology: Study Guide & Test Prep
CLEP Biology: Study Guide & Test Prep
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Solved: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True?... | Chegg.com Question:
Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...

Question: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...
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 In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...
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Which of the following sets of statements is true? In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. Ferns require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but mosses do not. The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns.

In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...
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Which of the following sets of statements is true? In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. Ferns require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but mosses do not. The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns.

Solved: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True?... | Chegg.com Question:
Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...

Question: Which Of The Following Sets Of Statements Is True? In Mosses, The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle; In Ferns, The Sporophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle. Ferns Require Moisture For Sperm To Reach The Egg, But Mosses Do Not. The Gametophyte Is The Dominant Stage Of The Life Cycle In Both Mosses And Ferns. Mosses Require ...
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 Mosses require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but ferns do not. In mosses, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.

Mosses require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but ferns do not. In mosses, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.