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Youtube Sensation DJ BL3ND
New Esotera EP 'Old As Time' — Exclusive Review
Londoner electronic musician Esotera has spent many days and nights in the studio producing the upcoming 'Old As Time' EP and obtaining outstanding results. This work represents his perfectionism and daily dedication to music. Here, he delivers Progressive House tunes that also integrate Techno in a different direction. After mixing both styles, Esotera got the secret formula for one of the best atmospheric and deliciously dreamy EPs of the year! Can't wait to download this great material in February via Flemcy Music. In conclusion, I will definitely use these three tracks on my next DJ set. Meanwhile, you can read my track-by-track review below.
1 – Old As Time WOW what an opener! Such a masterpiece tune that will take you on an audio journey. Lovely soft harmonies and progressive sounds made it quite enjoyable and relaxing at the same time.
2 – High MomentsThe second track is pretty original. It features eerie/dark music elements and pulsing beats on repeat. Esotera also adds male vocal snippets that sound like being taken from a speech. Certainly, a creative effort, don't you think?
3 – LIGOHey Techno lovers, this is definitely for the clubs! I like it because it possesses dynamism and energy. The most uplifting song and probably never will go out of day as it sounds futuristic.
February 1st, 2017
In Review: Whitedrives – Deepest Joy
Whitedrives, a music production duo from London formed in the 90s by Martin James and Wadcutter have just released a great EP called 'Deepest Joy'. This release has caught my attention because it offers 100% pure Electronica music that is not common to hear nowadays among the worldwide DJs. There are also two outstanding remixes by Ettica and Alan Cross who put their own personal touch to the original. The EP features 3 tracks in total, and each one comes with a distinctive rhythm which is beneficial for your music collection. It's diverse in sound and YES I like it!
Let's dive in with a track-by-track review:
1 – Deepest Joy (Original Mix) Keep your eyes closed while listening to this beautiful track and you will be transported into a mystical world. If I'm not wrong, you will listen clearly to a Mantra on repeat and also continuous traditional drums. All these melodic ingredients were mixed of course with Whitedrives' Electronica music. A very relaxing experience.
2 – Deepest Joy (Ettica Remix) The second track is a remix by Ettica and obviously it was intended for the clubs. Techno fans will love how creatively a hi-hat pattern was added to the original. The spiritual vocals were not removed from this version, and they match perfectly with the upbeat kick. An interesting subtle/minimal approach.
3 – Deepest Joy (Alan Cross) Here DJ Alan Cross goes much further with this remix. I think he uses a more elaborate technique by implementing more progressive and rich sounds to the mix. My favorite from the EP!
Billboard Chart Topping Artist DROZE Returns With Solo EP To Get You Back On The Dance Floor
Gonna Be Music singer and songwriter, DROZE released this month a brilliant EP that is sure to dominate the dance floors. With his innate talent in House music, 'The Droze Project' EP proves that any of the new songs can reach the Billboard Dance Charts as he did in the past with the single "Running (Out Of Time)". His new material features a total of 4 tracks, where DROZE showcase nice vocals and catchy House beats. Important music producers such as Giuseppe D, KC Anderson, Oba Frank Lords and Michael M were also part of this project. Sincerely, this is an EP that can be on repeat forever… and you'll never get bored!
Check out my track-by-track review below:
1 – Right Here In my opinion, this is a strong EP opener. As a fan of male vocals in dance music, I would dare to say DROZE has a unique soulful style and a big voice that will make your jaw drop. This track is a clear example of that, and I like it.
2 – No Time The second track starts off with a notable hi-hat pattern. Here the rhythm sounds dark and simple but it matches perfectly with the serious lyrics of the song. He takes an interesting direction on this track, I think it's different than the other three tracks, which are more danceable.
3 – Tell Me After listening to this tune a couple of times, now I understand why it's my favorite track on this EP. The main reason: IT'S HIGHLY ADDICTIVE. His voice sounds clear, and there's a wonderful blend of styles from soulful to upbeat.
4 – Carry On The DROZE Project EP ends with fantastically fun music! It features the Gonna Be All-Stars and somehow it reminds me of the Classic House era of the 90s. Get ready to jump, sing and shake your booty, this song could be the next hit in 2017. 🙂
In Review: Sunterra – Reborn (Industrial Metal)
Sunterra is an Industrial Metal band from Austria. According to their Facebook fan page, their music is influenced by mystic vibes of the interaction between Earth and Sun. So, today I wanted to try something different and decided to give a try to their new album 'Reborn'. I must confess, this was the first time I ever heard of them, and what I liked from the beginning was the perfect amount of energy they put in each track. We should be open to everything, and I'm sure most of you have varied music tastes. It's probably that you will end up loving this album if you are a fan of Nine Inch Nails, Rammstein or Metallica. Some tracks are especially electronic music oriented, while others are 100% hard rock tunes.
Let's dive in with a track-by-track review:
1 – Regin Supreme The intro features a nice guitar piece mixed with Electronica synths, adding color to the track, which is, of course, dark music. Additionally, I like the singing female voice provided by Lilly in the background because it gives certain balance to the growl of Carlos, who is the main vocalist of the band.
2 – Shadow In The Dark The track starts as a beautiful short ballad with a nice piano melody. YES! that's correct a ballad… However, as the song is progressing you'll clearly hear again heavy metal riffs and growls. Very interesting in my opinion!
3 – Lord of Lies Now, I see myself nodding my head up and down with the third track. I think the lyrics here are deep and meaningful. And I think there's nothing wrong to question your faith.
4 – This Is W.A.R. Get ready to jump! Here's my favorite track on this album! Sunterra goes Industrial Techno with a unique combination of synths, bass, metal drums and guitars. Besides that, it's catchy and melodic. It talks about the current times of war and the fear caused by its consequences.
5 – Ministry of Thoughts A song that creates a dark atmosphere with its heavy chugging guitar riffs. This is the kind of masterful heavyrock music that keeps the genre alive in my opinion.
6 – Shut Up!!! There's a sense of mystery on the last track of the 'Reborn' album. Somehow, I found a lot of creativity in the process of making this tune + a contagious chorus that you can't get out of your mind.
Lokus & The Chef Present Their Debut EP, The Adventures Of Lokus & The Chef
Lokus & The Chef join forces for their debut EP – 'The Adventures Of Lokus & The Chef'. These artists have an interesting music background that in one way or another allowed them to create their own music style. Lokus is a rapper with a wide experience in terms of music. He has been part of different prestigious Hip-Hop groups, where he developed his talent. On the other hand, DJ Swedish Chef, previously known as T-Dub stands out for his ability to produce electronic dance music (Dubstep, Trap, Electro) and has gained considerable popularity for his dancefloor bangers. After reading this short intro of both artists, I'm sure you might have a clear idea now of how great is their new project…
Check out my track-by-track review below and enjoy the music!
1 – Bass Bangin' Beats Nowadays, most opening tracks are quick and short. However, this one is unique, catchy, and was probably made to keep you attentive on the next songs…
2 – Knock 'Em Dead I'm addicted to the Dubstep wobble bass sound on this track. I like how Lokus goes with the flow very clear along with a fast paced beat. This is pretty impressive, and my favorite one!
3 – Interlude Let's take a break with a 32-second version of "Knock 'Em Dead" before listening to the fourth track.
4 – Monster Party The song starts with a dark instrumental and continues with a horror-themed Hip-Hop groove. They add the distinctiveness that enriches them as a duo. I think there's a lot of originality here.
5 – Dark Soul Marks the fifth track and it brings you on a ride with fast rapping and interesting electronic beats. This tune discusses inner suffering in first-person perspective.
6 – Party! Party! Party! Here's an upbeat track that makes DJ Swedish Chef shine with an incredible EDM rhythm pattern. This song should be enough to keep you moving through the bedroom or at the club.
7 – Holla At Me Another great song with more commercial potential than some of the other tracks. I think it could become their next single if they decide to make a longer version of it. This tune serves as the outro on this EP. It has a very danceable and cool sound in my opinion.
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Plumbers in Trenton are actually the champions of home and office sanitation which in itself is critical in ensuring that the well-being of the occupants. Waste collection, disposal and sanitation points (i.e. sinks) are only operational with proper and functional plumbing. Without these sanitation functions, a lot of health challenges and epidemics such as cholera are prone to occur and cause untold suffering.
Important Qualities of a Good Plumber
There are always several service providers competing in any particular category. Their unique qualities when it comes to actual job performance is what sets them apart.Let's explore some of these critical qualities that make a plumber a fantastic person who can be entrusted to adequately provide a service.
- Service Match
Anyone who has ever dealt with marketing or salespeople knows quite well about the tendencies of service providers or organizations to exaggerate on their abilities. With service providers in Trenton TN, this becomes a very bad practice. There is often a great mismatch between what the service provider advertises or claims to provide and what they are capable of. A service match is therefore very important so that the client knows exactly what he or she is getting into and can determine whether the provider can do the job or not.
- Timely Services
Imagine having a plumbing service that takes ages to appear to get a job! This is unacceptable considering that the nature of plumbing issues can be so critical and require immediate attention. You can easily go through very unpleasant times with such a provider before they get around to attending it. More importantly, plumbing issues can actually cause property damage. It's therefore important to have a plumber that offers timely services so that you are assured of service delivery in times of emergencies.
- Provider's Abilities
Any worthwhile service provider should have the necessary features that make them capable of the job that they proclaim to perform. This includes necessary qualifications from relevant institutions and the necessary certifications from the relevant authorities. These abilities are a great starting point for any provider that will help build confidence with the client.
- Solid References and Reviews
Qualifications and certification are indeed useful but they are not a guarantee that the provider is great at the job. A great provider ought to be accompanied and associated with quite good and traceable references and reviews from past clients. These testimonials and reviews can testify to the abilities of the provider to provide quality services.
- Guarantees
Last but not least, a good plumbing service provider should offer guarantees for his job as a sign of faith and confidence in his or her work. This consequently protects the client from shoddy work and faulty services. Any further work necessary shouldn't cost the client a dime. It would also be better if the provider is insured against losses or damages occurring as a result of his work.
How to Hire a Professional Plumber in Trenton
The practice of hiring a professional plumber can be made much easier if several critical aspects are considered when making the selection. Let's just quickly discuss these factors and how you can evaluate each potential plumber based on them.
- License
Every service delivery profession comes with its mandatory requirements in terms of qualifications and, more importantly, licenses. These licenses to practice are necessary to make sure that the service provider has gone met all of the conditions necessary to be in the plumbing industry and has therefore been deemed to be fit to practice.The criteria for license issuance by the relevant authorities is designed to make sure that only the qualified plumbers obtain it. This, therefore, lowers the need for the homeowner to vet for himself or herself the qualifications proclaimed or presented by the plumber. Any plumber in possession of a license can be safely regarded as fully qualified and in compliance with all regulations of the trade.
Licenses in Tennessee are also a great way of ensuring that the plumber is current in his field of expertise. These licenses are renewed after a certain period lapses hence subjecting the professional to additional evaluations for a renewal. Considering the numerous innovations in home-designs and systems that are discovered each year, these re-evaluations become quite necessary. They allow the plumber to update his/her knowledge and adapt to any changes necessary whether in trade practices or tooling.
- Cost Estimation
Plumbing services are essential for the flawless operation of any household or building. The cost of installation and maintenance of the plumbing systems are not at all negligible. This is also compounded by the fact that it is difficult to determine the full cost of the service until it has been completed. More often than not, the plumber and the homeowner have to rely on a cost estimation before the commencement of the service.
Luckily, there are many players in the industry which helps to make the cost of these services quite competitive and generally affordable. It is, nevertheless, essential to hire a plumber who can make a solid estimation from the very start. This will protect you from inflated bills and exaggerated costs. A great way to protect yourself would be to acquire several cost estimations from different providers and do a comparison.
- Discounts
We all love a bargain deal whether it's buying a product or hiring out a service provider like plumbing. These bargain discounts and promotions should nevertheless not compromise the quality of the product/service in any way. They can, however, make a very significant contribution towards the overall cost of this service hence make sure your selected plumber has reasonable discounts on offer.
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Discounts are actually beneficial to both parties. They encourage the customer to stay loyal while at the same time encouraging the service provider to work harder to satisfy the client for a continued relationship.
- Referrals/testimonials
While qualifications and licenses can testify to the abilities of a provider, referrals and reviews are a much more accurate and realistic reflection of those abilities. Make sure you hire a service provider that comes highly recommended from previous clients.
These referrals in Trenton also provide great insight into the experience of working with a particular plumber. You can easily determine whether the plumber's behaviour is acceptable or not and if the quality of their work is satisfactory or disappointing through their reviews. Check the reputable review sites such as Yelp for reliable feedback to find out what you are getting yourself into.
- Insurance
It's always important to make certain that your plumber is insured before you hire their services for any occupation. An insured service provider poses no liability risk to the employer since any injuries or damages that may occur during the job are catered for by the insurer.
Failure to hire an insured plumber can be quite dangerous. Any losses or damages to your property will not be compensated and you can easily end up paying their medical bills in the case of a work-related injury.
- Guarantee/Warranty
The best mark of quality for a product or service is its guarantee. Make certain to hire a plumber who offers a guarantee or warranty period for his work. This guarantee must also cover a reasonable duration to protect you from additional costs in the event of a shoddy or incomplete job. Guarantees also say a lot about the quality of the fixtures and equipment installed in your plumbing system. Failure to secure a service provider who stands by his work can be very costly and you can easily end up spending a fortune to fix a simple issue multiple times.
Benefits of Using Emergency Plumbing Service in Trenton Tennessee
Every job requires its own set of skills to execute. Such skills are only guaranteed if the plumbing service in question is a professional one. After all, anyone can claim ability yet delivering on those abilities becomes a different story. Let's just quickly go over the benefits of hiring a best plumbing service over informal 'handymen'.
- Quality Service Guarantee
Entrusting a professional to handle your plumbing needs is the best way to make certain that your job will be done correctly. Professionals have the right expertise, equipment and all other necessary resources to execute any task handed to them. They are also capable of making the correct diagnosis for any problem and deal with it swiftly. This quality service also extends to the replacement parts that may become necessary. You are assured that these parts and any equipment are of a high quality that meets the required safety standards.
- Less Scamming Risks
Working with professional plumbing services reduces the risks of unorthodox behavior. Many homeowners have been unsuspectingly robbed of their belongings and even experienced abuse from bogus plumbers and random handymen. An established and professional provider is therefore much safer to deal with in this regard. If anything goes amiss, the organization is liable for the losses which protects the homeowner.
- Convenient Service
Professional services are more convenient due to a higher degree of professionalism by its personnel. These service providers are available 24/7 to assist their clients with any emergencies or plumbing needs. It's also much easier to get an appointment with them on short notice than it would with a freelance handyman who is all over the place. They, more frequently than not, have staff always on the standby to deal with clients' needs.
- Modern Service Provision
Choosing a top rated plumbing company in Trenton can easily keep your plumbing updated to the modern trends and practices of the industry that is more convenient and efficient. You get the benefit of enjoying the latest innovations in house plumbing technology since the professional providers are quicker to adapt.
- Essential Advice
Professional contractors can help you manage your home better to ensure continued functionality of your plumbing with helpful tips and frequent hacks to common plumbing issues that you wouldn't be able to get anywhere else. This doesn't even need to come at a cost. Rather, most of the service providers are happy to help clients maintain everything in good working order to reduce maintenance costs.
- Service Versatility
Plumbing needs are quite diverse from one system to another and from one home to another. Having a professional on the job therefore who can deal with multiple issues is much better for problem-solving. These plumbing systems are also often intertwined with other home systems such as electrical wiring hence there is a higher risk of having a lot of collateral damage while trying to fix plumbing issues if the plumber is not professional.
- Amicable Conduct
The possibility of conflicts or misunderstanding is always there when dealing with any service provider. This, however, does not necessarily mean that nasty exchanges between the both of you have to happen. Professional service providers are therefore better to deal with because their conduct is always stipulated and regulated by the engagement contracts signed between both parties. There is always a pre-agreed framework that maps the procedure for dealing with any arising issues which makes it all more convenient for both parties.
In conclusion, hiring reliable plumbing service providers in Trenton TN 38382 come with a lot of extra benefits such as more promotional offers and loyalty benefits. Just make sure you evaluate the selected provider thoroughly before engaging them. Seek out their reviews to determine how other customers feel about their services and whether they are well recommended or not.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Earth collection features line of comfortable and stylish shoes for the everyday working woman. This new Earth collection features positive heel heights. If you are looking for traditional "Negative Heel" Earth Shoes, please see our selection of Kalso Earth Shoes.
The newest line from the folks at Earth® Brand Shoes, Earth® Shoes promises wellness benefits in stylish shoes. With contemporary designs and everyday value, Earth® Shoes help you find your own path to wellness.
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Like most young lads I used to get involved in the playground swapping of footy stickers and the sacrifice of going hungry at dinner time because I had spent my dinner money on packets of stickers.
I can still remember the excitement when I used to find a missing sticker so I suppose it should have come as no surprise that once I "grew up" I would end up collecting the albums all over again !!
So as well as collecting them Ive also decided to put a site together giving an overview of what albums are about and a general idea of what each collection included.
Of course there has been hundreds of different football sticker alums over the years so Im not even going to attempt to claim yhis is some sort of definitive guide to football stickers, it will though give you an idea of what football stickers are all about.
There are some issuers that are (or were) more popular than others, Panini for example was one of the biggest in the 70's to 90's, the period which this site predominately concentrates on.
Merlin (examples below) also had a lot of success with their football offerings but entered the market a lot later than Panini.
I will be detailing the various years albums but please bear in mind that I do have a day job so this site will probably never be up to date and I will no doubt have missed loads off so if you do have details of any albums I havent mentioned please feel free to mail me and let me know.
Below is a brief overview of each years sticker album.
Panini 81
Panini 82
Panini 83
Panini 84
Panini 85


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Dar Dynamo Ceiling Pendant Light - Gloss Blue
- 2 Year Guarantee
Key Features
- Metal pendant light in a pale blue gloss finish with opal glass diffuser and polished chrome trims
- Black and white braided cable, height adjustable at point of installation
- Variations in product finish may occur as they are hand dipped in the final finish
- Requires max 60W screw bulb, sold separately. For our recommended bulbs see 'related products'
- Size:
Minimum Drop - 300mm
Maximum Drop - 1220mm
Shade - H 220 x Dia 300mm
Product Description
This Dynamo Single Pendant in a gorgeous pale blue hue will make a striking statement in a kitchen/diner area or living room. This retro light fitting will be a focal point in either your contemporary or traditional space and will add a touch of style to the room.
You can choose the height of your Dynamo Single Pendant light at the point of installation allowing you to find the right height to fit the design and layout of your room. The attractive braided cable is another feature of this beautiful light fitting.
Bulb Requirements
The Dynamo Single Pendant - Pale Blue requires a max 60W Screw GLS. However, due to current legislation we recommend energy saving alternatives.
The Dynamo Single Pendant - Pale Blue has the following dimensions:
- Height: 300 - 1330mm
- Width/Diameter: 300mm
Product Specification
|Supplier Code
|2 Years
|Collection Name
|1.3 Metre (Maximum Overall Drop)
|Ceiling Light
|Single Pendant
|Suggested Room
|Kitchen, Dining Room, Office
|Max Wattage
|Voltage Type
|Mains Voltage
|Polished Chrome
|Glass, Metal
|Diffuser Finish
|Shade Finish
|No. of Bulbs
|Bulb Included
|Replacement Bulb
|Opal Screw GLS Bulb
AC (Alternating Current)
Electric current that reverses direction at regular intervals. The rate at which alternating current changes direction is called its frequency, stated in hertz (cycles per second). Standard household current in the UK has a 50 Hz frequency.
Accent Lighting
Directional lighting used to highlight a specific object or draw attention to a display item.
Ambient Lighting
The overall illumination in a room caused by any combination of daylight and general lighting, but excluding directional task or accent lighting.
A measure of electrical current. The amount of amps used by an electric light bulb can be determined by dividing watts by voltage, e.g. a UK mains-powered 50W bulb has a current of approximately 0.21 Amps (50W divided by 240V). Similarly, multiplying amps by volts gives you the wattage of the bulb, and wattage divided by amps provides you with the voltage.
In lighting terms, simply the use(s) to which a particular lamp or luminaire might be put.
Average Rated Life
The average rated life of a lamp is a statistically determined estimate of lifespan, ending when the lamp fails or loses a specific amount of its original output. In an incandescent lamp, the rated life is usually designated 'Bp' and is measured in hours, where 'p' is a percentage. For example, a B50 rated life of 1,000 hours indicates a 50% failure rate amongst tested products after that duration.
A device that delivers the required starting voltage and appropriate current to a fluorescent or high intensity discharge (HID) lamp.
Bayonet Mount
Normally a 2-pinned lamp connector that twists into the corresponding L-shaped slots of a lighting fixture, with the bulb subsequently held in place by a retaining spring.
Beam Angle
The angle of light produced by a lamp, measured at opposing points where the light possesses 50% of its maximum centre-line luminous intensity.
Refers to a 2-pin connector common to all G-type or GU-type lamps, with the suffixing number in any model referring to the pin spread. For example, a G5.3 lamp has a 5.3mm distance between its two pins, measured from each pin's centre. These are a common type of connector, conforming to IEC standards (International Electrotechnical Commission).
Refers to the subjective perception of light by human vision, which, when measured, is recorded as luminance in candela per square metre (cd/m²).
Used interchangeably with the term 'lamp', except a bulb more correctly refers to light sources with the classic bulbous, pear-shaped housing of a traditional GLS incandescent lamp (or modern equivalent).
A simple geometrically shaped luminaire usually designed and constructed with very little aesthetic consideration and for purely functional purposes.
The SI base unit of luminous intensity, candela is the measurement of a light at source, so unlike a measurement in lumens it ignores multidirectional output. A measurement of one candela is comparable to the output of a regular candle.
More recently made with a solid block of wax and a centrally embedded wick, the candle was the primary source of light in the UK's hotels and homes throughout the Victorian age and beyond. Electric lighting didn't become commonplace until it was truly commercialised in the 1920s. The warm glow of a traditional candle is still a difficult light source to beat today for the restful or romantic ambience it creates.
Ceramic Metal Halide
A ceramic metal halide lamp uses an arc tube constructed from ceramic rather than the traditional glass quartz, resulting in greater tolerance of high temperatures and less vulnerability to corrosion. This relatively new technology offers a high quality of light with exceptional colour rendering.
A highly decorative multi-armed hanging light with numerous lamps usually intended as an unabashed showpiece! For 200-300 years chandeliers made from lead crystal glass have been popular, with Venetian and Bohemian makers being particularly revered as masters of their craft.
Colour Rendering Index (CRI)
The Colour Rendering Index (CRI) is a measurement of a lamp's ability to display colours accurately. It provides a useful though incomplete indication of light quality, using a rudimentary 8-patch test with an average score that can mask a poor performance with certain colours. Incandescent light sources routinely have a CRI 100 rating, or close to it, because they display a continuous spectrum of light. This dependable colour accuracy is nonetheless accompanied by a warm light, since the radiation of an incandescent lamp peaks towards the longer wavelengths of the visible spectrum.
Colour Temperature
The temperature, measured in Kelvin, at which a theoretical black body radiator would produce the same chromaticity as any given light under consideration. This can be applied to incandescent light sources in absolute terms, since they emulate a black body radiator by design, whereas the Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) system is more correctly applied to light sources such as LED and fluorescent.
Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)
A small fluorescent lamp often used as a retro-fit replacement for incandescent GLS lamps, with a lifespan usually 8-15 times longer than the old technology and 70-80% more energy efficient. The lamps comprise of a ballast and a gas-filled tube; when the gas is excited it produces ultra-violet photons, which stimulate the lamp's coating into producing visible light.
Control Gear
Other than incandescent lamps, most artificial sources of light require special control gear to start the lamp and subsequently regulate the current. These include linear and compact fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, cold cathode lamps and LEDs, and control gear takes the form of starters, ballast, transformers, and drivers, depending on the type of light.
Cool White
Refers to the bluer white light produced by a theoretical black body radiator when it is heated to a sufficiently high Kelvin temperature. In lighting, the filament of an incandescent lamp closely mimics a black body radiator, and produces a fractionally cooler light the hotter it gets. LED lamps and CFLs are often available with a cool white output, whereas incandescent bulbs never produce a truly cool white unless they are produced with a blue-tinted glass as 'daylight bulbs'.
Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT)
An estimated temperature in Kelvin deduced by matching the light source to the colour appearance of a theoretical black body radiator as it is heated. The more a blackbody is heated, the cooler and bluer in appearance is its radiated light. Because incandescent lamps emulate a black body radiator, their given temperature accurately represents the heat of the filament, whereas other forms of light require an approximated CCT. In reality, two non-filament bulbs of the same CCT in Kelvin can appear significantly different, so bulk buys from the same manufacturer are advised.
Daylight Lamp
In an incandescent light source a daylight lamp has blue-tinted glass to counteract its natural warm output and to approximate the radiated wavelengths of daylight. A daylight lamp usually has a CCT of 5000-6000K, bearing in mind that indoors this correlates to a higher outdoor Kelvin temperature, where the less blue-sensitive cones of the eye dominate.
Dc (Direct Current)
The single-direction flow of electrical charge produced by batteries and solar cells, often used to recharge electrical products through a car battery.
Dichroic Reflector
A lamp surface that reflects most visible light so that it is emitted through the front of the lamp, whilst selectively absorbing UV or IR radiation and removing it from the light's beam. In a halogen reflector this is often used to remove IR heat, which in turn causes a greater need for effective heat dissipation at the rear of the lamp.
Usually in the form of a lens, a diffuser is used in lighting to scatter and soften the output of light. This has the simultaneous effect of eliminating glare, so it can be a safety element in a working environment or it can serve to create more flattering light in hospitality scenarios.
The ability of a lamp to be dimmed without impacting on its reliability. Compatibility with existing dimmer switches is often a primary concern when replacing dimmable lamps.
Dimmer, Dimming Control
A device used to vary the lumen output of a source, usually by adjusting the wattage it is being operated at. Can be used to save energy and reduce running costs, since a dimmed light inherently uses less power. Also useful in adjusting ambience according to the time of day in hospitality environments.
A semiconductor component typically with two terminals, usually only allowing a unidirectional flow of current.
Directional Light
Frequently used to describe a movable light head, directional light is also an inherent property of an LED source, with LEDs only ever producing widespread light through luminaire design or a modifying lens.
Discharge Lamp
A lamp that creates light by means of electrical discharge, usually by the ionisation of gas between two electrodes. An arc lamp is a typical example of this.
In lighting commonly refers to the scattering or spreading of light, normally by means of a diffusing lens. A synonym of 'diffusion'.
Display Lighting
A type of lighting that best displays items in a retail or exhibition environment, for example. Various types of luminaire and lamp lend themselves well to display lighting, with LED recently making great strides through sheer economy and concentrated efforts to improve colour rendering. Display lighting is a popular application for halogen lamps, owing to their bright, crisp output, often perceived as being very pure, and with a continuous spectrum for reliable representation of colour.
Double-D Bulbs
Used in low-profile flush and recessed fixtures and also known as a 2-D lamp, the Double-D was introduced in Europe during the mid 1980s.
Double-Ended Bulbs
Extremely powerful double-connected lamps, traditionally halogen and used generally in security lights or for floodlighting work areas and sporting venues.
A luminaire or appliance that is double-insulated guards against electrical shock by the inclusion of two layers of insulating material, and requires no connection to earth. Such a product is known as a Class 2 appliance. An appliance that only shields live electrical parts with a single layer of insulating material (Class 1) requires a connection to electrical earth during installation.
A down-facing light, usually recessed into the ceiling for inconspicuousness and sometimes with an adjustable lighting head. Can also refer to heavily-shaded wall fittings where the design of the luminaire forces light predominantly downwards.
Usually referring to an LED driver, which is necessary to regulate the flow of current through an LED for a more consistent, unfluctuating output of brightness.
Edison Screw Cap
An alternative name for an E27 (Edison 27mm) screw-capped lamp base, which is often abbreviated to 'ES'. The narrower E14 screw cap is known as a Small Edison Screw fitting (SES).
A measurement of how effectively a light source is in converting power into light. Efficacy always uses different units of measurement, such as lumens per watt.
Always measured using identical units of measurement, this is simply an indication of how well something works, often expressed in a percentage. For instance, you can test the optical efficiency of a luminaire by measuring its Light Output Ratio (LOR), so if 80 lumens of light is produced at lamp or LED system level and 72 lumens is delivered by the luminaire you could say it is 90% efficient.
Electronic Ballast
A device used to provide the appropriate starting and electrical conditions for operating fluorescent lamps, neon lamps, or high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. An electronic ballast is advantageous over older magnetic ballasts, as it uses high frequency power that eliminates the former ill effects of humming and flickering.
Elliptical Reflector
An elliptically-shaped reflecting surface that focuses light directly in front of a lamp and improves efficacy in some luminaires.
Emergency Lighting
Battery-powered backup lighting that either remains on (maintained) or switches on automatically (non-maintained) in the event of power loss. Can be sub-divided into two main types: escape lighting and standby lighting. The first concerns itself with providing adequate illumination to quickly evacuate a building, whereas the second aims to provide continued adequate lighting in critical, potentially life-threatening scenarios where activity cannot be interrupted, e.g. operating theatre.
Energy-Saving Lamp
A general term most commonly applied to either fluorescent or halogen lamps, which refers to the energy-saving benefits over original incandescent technology. In a fluorescent lamp this advantage might be as much as 70-80%, whereas an energy-saving halogen can save anything up to 30-50% energy, by use of premium fill gases and reflective inner surfaces that redirect IR heat back onto the filament. LED tends to exalt itself from this description, since its super-modest use of power is barely comparable to the original technology.
Usually refers to the inner glass enclosure—the bulb within the bulb—that is inherent in some lamp types, such as the quartz envelope of a halogen.
Escape Route Lighting
A subset of escape lighting that specifically refers to the direct evacuation route of a building. The other form of escape lighting is 'open area lighting'.
Festoon Lights
A string of electric lamps—often multi-coloured—wired to a flexible cable. Used as decoration in indoor or outdoor events such as wedding receptions or birthday parties.
Filament Design
Filaments are specified with a lettered code in which C is a coiled wire filament, CC is a coiled wire that is looped into a bigger coil, and SR is a straight ribbon filament. Numbers represent the type of filament-support arrangement.
The surface texture, colour, or appearance of a luminaire or any crafted product, or simply the material with which it is constructed.
The ability of a ceiling light to maintain structural integrity during a fire, which is tested and expressed in terms of minutes, e.g. fire-rating of 30 minutes. Such fittings are usually constructed with a heat-expandable material that disallows the possibility of flames immediately taking hold of a ceiling cavity.
A chiefly British term, very commonly used with reference to a light fixture and other types of furnishing or décor.
An undesirable aspect of lighting that is most often related to old fluorescent lamps with low-frequency magnetic ballasts. If a flickering light is used in a common work area it can cause nausea, headaches, and might trigger an epileptic fit in sufferers of photosensitive epilepsy. Eliminated in most modern lighting solutions.
An artificial light source delivering light across a wide area, and often the domain of powerful multidirectional lighting technologies such as halogen or HID lamps. An LED floodlight design has to negotiate the inherent directional property of LED illumination, which is why in some quarters it is criticised—perhaps irrationally—as a form of street lighting.
Fluorescent Lamp/Tube
An extremely efficient lamp that uses an electric discharge through low pressure mercury vapour to create ultraviolet (UV) energy. The UV excites phosphor materials, which are applied as a thin interior coating in a glass tube, and the phosphors transform the UV to visible light.
An installation that is fitted in extremely close proximity to either a wall or ceiling for either low-key effect or to avoid obstruction in confined spaces.
Full Spectrum Lighting
Literally refers to the complete electromagnetic spectrum from infrared to near-ultraviolet, though it is often used erroneously to describe a continuous spectrum of light, in which all wavelengths of visible light are represented by the source. In some instances it is used merely to describe lamps with a high CRI rating, which is misleading at best.
A circuit-breaking safety device, usually constructed with a thin strip of metal that fractures when overloaded with current.
General Lighting
Artificial lighting used for overall, general-purpose illumination, and categorised with daylight as an ambient light source.
A symptom of strong, unmodified bright light, in which human vision is temporarily and significantly impeded. Glare is a mandatory safety consideration in many areas of light installation, and is accounted for in various regulations and requirements.
Usually distinguished from a golfball by its larger size, a globe is a spherically shaped bulb often with an opal finish, and usually used openly for a wide spread of diffused light.
A 'General Lighting Service' bulb, so named because of its compatibility with a wide range of fittings. The standard pear-shaped GLS bulb dates back to Victorian times, and its shape is still used in the retro-fitting replacements of today. Industrial 'rough service' bulbs, which are similar but more robustly constructed, momentarily escaped the EU incandescent GLS phase-out and can still be bought from specialist dealers in a variety of wattages.
A small spherical bulb, typically used less openly than the larger globes and ideal for compact light fittings.
Earthed (commonly used term in America); the condition of being connected to electrical earth.
A bi-pin, mains-powered derivative of an MR16 reflector bulb, so named because the measurement between its two pins is 10mm from centre to centre. A very commonly used lamp in many types of spotlighting luminaire.
Halogen Lamp
A type of incandescent lamp with an interior quartz envelope containing a tungsten filament and one of several types of halogen gas. The gas enables the filament to reach higher temperatures than its traditional incandescent counterpart, thus it burns at a greater temperature for a bluer, brighter output. Though original halogen technology was only marginally more efficient than incandescent, recent energy-saving halogen lamps use premium gases and IR heat reflectors to achieve greater efficiency.
Heat Dissipation
The necessary process in light sources of becoming cooler through heat loss, with built-in heat sinks being a primary means of achieving this whether in the lamp or the luminaire.
Heat Sink
A device or system designed to dissipate heat, which is described as active if it is accompanied by an electric fan, or passive if the process is entirely unassisted.
High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamp
A lamp that produces a discharge caused by electrical breakdown of gas between two tungsten electrodes. Can be sub-divided into various types: Mercury-vapour lamps, Metal-halide (MH) lamps, Ceramic MH lamps, Sodium-vapour lamps, Xenon short-arc lamps. Very powerful yet energy-efficient lamps often used for lighting large outside areas.
High-Bay Lighting
Lighting systems designed for industrial purposes usually with a 25ft height or above in mind.
High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) Lamp
An energy-efficient form of sodium vapour lamp used in many outdoor applications including street lighting. Offers better colour rendition than low-pressure sodium lamps.
A colour, or shade.
The total luminous flux incident on a surface.
Lighting or light.
Incandescent Lamp
The original form of electric lighting patented by Thomas Edison in America and the lesser-known Joseph Swan in Victorian Britain. A bulb-shaped glass enclosure imaginatively dubbed a bulb contains a filament, through which electric current is passed to create a glowing light. The filament was originally constructed from carbon, which was superseded within a couple of decades by a drawn-tungsten replacement for greater longevity and less blackening of the glass. This classic bulb is very commonly known as a GLS lamp, as are any same-shaped modern replacements.
Ingress Protection (Ip)
A 2-digit rating used internationally for luminaires signifying the level of protection against ingress of solid particles or liquids.
Initial Lumens
The lumen output of a lamp at the beginning of its life.
Instant Start
A form of ballast designed to start fluorescent lamps immediately the power is applied.
An SI measurement unit for temperature in physics using an absolute thermometric scale, in which the null point is absolute zero, equating to −273.15 °C. The Kelvin Scale is used in lighting to describe the colour temperature of a lamp's output, using the Plankian locus of a theoretical black body radiator as the reference. The blackbody does not exist in real life, though in lighting the thermal radiation of a burning filament closely simulates it. This means incandescent light sources are accurately represented by the Kelvin scale. For other light sources a Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) should be correctly applied, and because the chromacities can vary in any given Correlated Colour Temperature it is advisable to buy bulbs in batches from the same manufacturer.
A 1,000 watt measurement of electrical power.
Kilowatt Hour (KwH)
A unit of energy equal to the work done by a power of 1000 watts operating for one hour, e.g. ten 100W lamps burning for an hour. The Kilowatt hour (kWh) is commonly used in electricity billing by energy companies.
A somewhat ambiguous term often used interchangeably with 'bulb' in the lighting industry, though a bulb is traditionally bulb-shaped. A lamp can also be the fitting that holds the bulb.
Led (Light Emitting Diode)
A semiconductor light-emitting diode that glows when a voltage is applied to it. The astounding energy efficiency of an LED allows it to equal the output of other light sources whilst using a small fraction of the energy!
The expected lifespan of a lamp, given in hours. Can also refer to the lifespan of an LED luminaire, where a high-quality LED is an integral part of the luminaire design. In that case the whole luminaire has a definitive lifespan, which is marketable because of its extremity.
Light Pollution
A brightening of the sky caused by poorly managed and unnecessary man-made light, which inhibits our view of the stars and planets in all urban areas.
Light Therapy
Exposure to daylight or to specific wavelengths of light using various controllable light sources, often useful in treating skin disorders and some psychiatric disorders such as SAD.
Low Voltage
Low voltage lamps require a 12V transformer for conversion from 240V, and offer several advantages over mains-powered lights, including an extremely wide choice in designs and beam angles. There are many types of lamp available in low-voltage form, including MR11, MR16, AR111, and PAR 36. Low-voltage lighting is popular outdoors for its safety and sheer ease of installation, which avoids the need to dig a deep trench system for cables!
Lumen (LM)
The SI derived unit of luminous flux measuring the total 'amount' of visible light emitted by a source, independent of its distribution.
Lumen Depreciation
The decline of light output in a lamp, measured in lumens, over a period of time.
Lumen Maintenance
A measurement of how a lamp maintains its lumen output over a period of time. An LED lamp is considered to have reached the end of its useful life when lumen maintenance reaches 70%.
Lumens Per Watt (LPW)
The classic measurement of luminous efficacy, which describes how well a light source converts electric energy into light.
Primarily describes a complete light fitting that includes all necessary parts and wiring for operation, though it can also refer to a fitting minus its lamps.
The photometric quantity most closely associated with brightness perception, measured in units of luminous intensity (candelas) per square metre.
Luminous Efficacy
See efficacy.
Luminous Flux
A measurement in lumens of the radiant power of light emitted from a source without regard for the direction in which it is emitted.
Lux (LX)
A unit of illuminance equal to one lumen per square meter.
Maintained Emergency Light
A maintained emergency light is designed to function as normal amongst the regular luminaires of a lighting scheme, but using battery back-up it remains switched on during a loss of power.
Mercury Lamp
A high intensity discharge (HID) lamp with a mercury-filled arc tube producing UV light that excites the phosphor layer of the outer bulb, creating light.
Metal Halide Lamp
Electric light source that produces light by an electric arc through a gaseous blend of vaporised mercury and metal halides.
Microwave Motion Sensor
Emits microwave pulses and registers any changes due to reflection off a moving object. Because microwave radiation can penetrate materials used in luminaire construction such as plastic and glass, the motion sensor can be discreetly installed within the fitting itself.
Low voltage multi-faceted reflector lamps with their diameter provided in their name using 1/8-inch increments, e.g. an MR16 has a 16/8-inch diameter, or 2-inches.
Non-Maintained Emergency Light
An emergency light that spends most of its life switched off, but which activates automatically in the event of a power failure. Uses battery back-up power to typically provide up to 3 hours of emergency lighting.
Opal Finish
Translucent or opaque glass, usually white, which significantly softens and spreads the output of light from a luminaire. An opal finish may be applied to a lamp or the lens of a luminaire—often called a diffuser.
The optical system of a lamp, or luminaire, often used to modify the particular properties of a light to suit a specific application.
Par Lamp
Parabolic aluminized reflector lamp, commonly used in retail, entertainment, and transport environments.
A light fitting usually suspended from the ceiling by a cord, chain, or rod. Often a pendant hangs quite low, and can be used as such to define space over each table of a restaurant. A pendant might equally be fixed close to the ceiling, in which case it is known as a 'semi-flush pendant'.
A luminescent substance that produces light when excited by radiation.
A light sensor often used to automatically switch on security lights when ambient light levels are sufficiently low.
Pir Sensor
A passive infrared sensor that triggers illumination in security lights or work lights whenever it detects body warmth through IR radiation.
Strong thermoplastic that is highly impact-resistant, yet lightweight and flexible. Often used to construct light fittings—the casing and/or diffuser—and frequently used in exterior commercial lighting because of its resistance to vandalisation and accidental damage. Also suitable for use in constructing outdoor coastal lights.
Prismatic diffusers are often favoured for reducing glare in industrial areas, since they maintain a good transmission of light.
Pulse Start
A means of starting a discharge lamp using a high-voltage ignitor to create a series of pulses. This starting method is said to have many benefits, including longer lamp life and greater lumen maintenance.
The emission of energy in the form of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves.
Rapid Start
A fluorescent lamp-ballast circuit that applies voltage to simultaneously energise the system and provide continuous cathode heating. This has the advantage of increasing lamp and cycle life, but consumes marginally more energy because the cathodes continually draw heating power while the lamp is in operation.
Rated Lamp Life
The average lifespan of any given type of lamp, tested under laboratory conditions using a large quantity of samples and usually given in hours. In the case of LEDs, lamps are considered to be at the end of their useful life when they reach 70% lumen maintenance.
A type of installation where the light is fitted into a ceiling cavity or wall cut-out for purposes of inconspicuousness and reduced glare. Recessed lights are also useful in confined spaces, and their seamless look is well suited to contemporary premises. Downlights are the classic example of a recessed light, which can emit downward light from a ceiling in whichever way is required, from floodlighting to spotlighting.
Reflector Lamp (R)
A classic type of incandescent lamp with an interior coating of aluminium designed to project light to the front of the bulb, thus providing a focused beam for spotlighting purposes. Such lamps are named with an 'R' followed by their diameter in millimetres, e.g. R80 (80mm incandescent reflector bulb). Other types of reflector lamp are generically known merely as 'reflectors', which might include a multi-faceted reflector (MR), or parabolic aluminized reflector (PAR).
Not specifically a lighting term but often used to describe luminaires or any product reminiscent in style of a particular period in time. Usually refers to the relatively recent past.
The process of installing new technology in place of old, usually implying compatibility with existing connectors or fastenings for a seamless transition. Often refers to the direct replacement of incandescent lamps with CFL or LED alternatives.
An EU directive known as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, which was effected in 2006 and is required to be enforced in all member states. The directive restricts the use of six materials in the manufacture of electrical products: Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE).
Rough Service Lamps
An industrial-strength General Lighting Service lamp (GLS) that is still permitted to be sold by lighting retailers despite the EU incandescent phase-out, but which cannot legally be sold for purposes of household use.
Seasonal Affective Disorder is a mood disorder where sufferers display symptoms of depression during winter months. Associated with the lack of seasonal daylight, SAD can be effectively treated with bright light therapy, which usually involves light sources with an illuminance of at least 2500 lux.
Correctly refers to an upward facing wall-mounted light fitting, holding either traditional candles or electric lamps. Often used incorrectly to describe any wall light.
Used to describe any light fitting that fits close to the wall, or
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Its official: Americans are not ready to retire.
According to recent retirement studies from both BlackRock and Merrill Edge, half of American investors realize they will have to delay their retirement dates and reduce their desired lifestyle in retirement because they havent saved enough.
And yet, many investors continue to suffer from an information gap thats preventing them from planning ahead.
Its common for investors to underestimate how much money they will need to cover themselves for their life when retired, said Frank Porcelli, head of BlackRocks U.S. Retail Business, in a statement accompanying the study's results. Retirement today is not a single life stage and the new reality is that it could cover a 25-year period or longer during which time an individuals needs, goals and risk tolerance are likely to change.
Many investors are lowering their expectations for their retirement lifestyle, according to BlackRocks findings released Thursday. More than four in 10, or 42%, of nonretired investors say they have lowered their expectations for the kind of lifestyle they will have in retirement. Half of investors say they either have pushed their retirement to a later date or are unsure about when they will retire.
Even those diminished plans could be at risk because of what BlackRock calls key information gaps that include an insufficient focus on planning and misunderstandings about the financial and demographic realities of retirement. Just 51% of nonretired investors surveyed by BlackRock agree that they know how much to save and more than one-third say they are not confident that they will achieve the annual income they will need for the time they expect to be in retirement.
At the same time, Bank of Americas Fall 2012 Merrill Edge Report shows that mass affluent Americans with $50,000 to $250,000 in investable assets dont feel theyve saved enough for retirement.
More than half of those surveyed say theyve saved less than $250,000 and theyre planning to retire later than they thought they would 12 months ago, according to the report. Top concerns include rising health care costs, concern that their retirement assets will not last throughout their lifetime, and that they won't be able to afford the lifestyle they desire during retirement.
BlackRock found that the majority, 81%, of nonretired investors rate stocks as the most important retirement investment vehicle followed by bonds, at 60%, cash, at 57%, and annuities, at 48%.


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Version 2.5.1UNRELEASED
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Retirement savings low? It doesn't take a catastrophe to be part of the retirement crisis
Joyce Wiseman had just about a year between taking care of her mother, who died at 98 years old after suffering from dementia for five years, and starting to take care of her husband, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2008.
At the time, Joyce and her husband, Craig, lived in Washington.
"I worked for the local school district," she says. "I was a substitute teacher's assistant. It was a great job."
Now Joyce is 63, Craig is 66, and, lacking much in the way of retirement savings, they live with their son in his Parker home.
This year, the Employee Benefit Research Institute released a study in which 28 percent of respondents said that they have less than $1,000 saved for retirement; 57 percent said that they had less than $25,000 saved.
Among workers over 55, 43 percent said they had less than $25,000 saved.
Among workers between the ages of 45 and 54, 51 percent said they had less than $25,000 saved -- in other words, even those approaching a traditional retirement age are pretty likely to be nowhere near prepared.
In addition to Joyce's small retirement savings from working in schools here in Colorado the first time they lived here, the Wisemans have Social Security, which they both tapped into early. They benefit from a close, loving family; they have standing offers to stay with children in three states, and they pay a modest rent to their son, to help out.
He lives in the basement, which he had shared with a brother and his brother's girlfriend until recently, and the elder Wisemans have the cozy, homey upstairs. While it's more than room enough for any couple, the footprint feels just a bit small for the suburbs, although the living area benefits from nice vaulted ceilings. Grayish-blue kitchen accents and a smattering of knickknacks and photos suggest a home loved and lived in for longer than only these past three years.
Wiseman says that they had had a lot of stock in Qwest from Craig's many years of service there, and they had it in March of 2005, too -- when then-CEO of Qwest Joseph Nacchio was sued by the Securities Exchange Commission over a massive insider-trading scheme.
The stock tanked. While any financial adviser would say that the Wisemans should have been more diversified, it's worth noting that theirs was certainly not the only savings undone by distant players in fine suits.
"I kind of felt bad because I always figured maybe we'd get to kick back and live the good life, whatever that was," Wiseman says.
"I just remember my husband saying, 'I'm never going to be able to retire,' " she says. Today, 7 percent of all workers and 10 percent of those over age 55 share that sentiment, according to the EBRI. "It wasn't like he felt bad about it, it was just kind of a fact of life."
That setback may have put a dent in what they had, but Wiseman admits that they probably hadn't planned appropriately in any case.
"There was a savings program with his work that they would match," she says. "That probably would have been a good idea. We had a little (credit card) debt that we had to take care of. That's done now."
Now, the Wisemans have a little bit of money that they invest with a certified financial planner, but they're not sure exactly how long they'll keep it invested, facing conflicting advice from professionals.
Unforeseen health issues notwithstanding, Craig Wiseman's plan -- to work forever -- was spot-on, according to many financial experts.
Savers should know what they don't know
The legion of working Americans nearing traditional retirement age with little saved must own up to that fate, says Jerry Gill, chief operating officer at M.J. Smith and Associates in Greenwood Village.
"I would honestly tell you that the likelihood of them retiring before 75 would be 50 percent," he says. He suggests that families see a financial planner -- someone like him -- which does cost money.
"One of the benefits of a financial plan is that you now are going to have a target rate of return that you want to focus on."
That rate of return is sort of a guideline, telling you how much you need to earn on your investments, which can in turn inform what you're investing in. In a tight spot, aggressive investments might be your only hope of growing savings enough to achieve your goals (even as it exposes you to more risk, a confounding and frustrating tradeoff for those already in dire straits). If you've saved well, it might be that you don't need your investments to gain quite as much, and can afford to invest in something more stable or secure.
Making a financial plan with a professional may also help to understand risk, Gill says -- risks of investing, risks of not investing...
"The chance of you outliving your money is pretty damn high," he says. The solution: Work longer, spend
less and save more.
"That's not such a scary proposition," Gill says. "We think of our parents as a frame of reference and that's not a great frame of reference. The health care where I am at 60 is a lot better than my parents' (was)."
Says Wiseman, who takes care of her husband's basic needs full-time: "I still feel like I'm 40, and I feel like I could go to work if I had to, but I don't know if that's going to happen."
More than a question of investments
She's at a disadvantage already, says Steven Sass, program director of Boston College's Center for Retirement Research, because she's claimed Social Security benefits early.
"If you claim benefits at 70 as opposed to at 62, you get at least 76 percent more (annually)," he says.
"Very few people know that. I think it's criminal. You can really improve your prospects by working longer.
"You don't have to put more money into a 401(k), you just have to not touch that Social Security, not touch that retirement savings."
Sass, who wrote the matter-of-factly titled " Working Longer The Solution to the Retirement Income Challenge," takes issue with the popular focus on investment strategy and retirement strategy.
"If you don't have money to invest, there are still lots of things you can do," he says. "Move to a more sustainable standard of living. That's identical to saving more."
In other words, downsize and work longer. Each year you work instead of tapping into retirement savings, even if you work less, earn less and don't put away additional money, increases how far you can stretch that savings. Retiring earlier puts you up against long odds.
"If you work for 40 years and retire for 20, it's a pretty impossible piece of arithmetic," Sass says.
The Wisemans know a few families with similar situations. A friend their age who just had to go back to work. Another who wanted to go into a retirement job that was more in line with his passions, but has instead resumed his career.
It's not an uncommon problem. And, after you account for effects outside of control of the average investor, like white-collar crime and recession, it's not especially complicated.
"We just weren't, I guess, smart about saving our money," Wiseman says. "We didn't have any huge


text:
Compounds Used for Construction and Repair in Federally Inspected Meat and Poultry Plants
|Direct Food Contact Material
Compounds used for the construction and repair of direct food contact surfaces in Federally inspected meat and poultry plants must be formulated and manufactured in accordance with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), which is administered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Manufactures of such compounds should supply the Federally inspected establishment with a letter of guaranty that their product is formulated in compliance with the FFDCA. Guaranties consistent with the FDA's regulations in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Sections 7.12 and 7.13 are acceptable should Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) inspection personnel question a materials compliance. Guaranties should contain the following information:
Incidental Food Contact Materials
Letters of guaranty are not required to be furnished to federally inspected establishments for construction and repair materials intended for use on surfaces not in direct contact with food (example, floors, walls, ceilings, etc.). Also, these materials do not have to be formulated in compliance with the FFDCA. However, they may not contain the heavy metals antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium (except chromic oxide), lead, mercury, selenium, or other materials such as carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens classified as hazardous substances. Carcinogens are those classified by the National Toxicology Program as known human carcinogens. The mutagens and teratogens are those substances classified by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration as reproductive hazards.
Pesticidal coatings (e.g., insecticidal, fungicidal, etc.) that require Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registration are not permitted in processing areas or other areas frequented by employees whose duties are in edible food areas. However, paints or coatings may contain antimicrobial agents to prevent microbial growth in the can or to protect the dry film. The antimicrobial agents must be used within the limits established by EPA. If the purpose of the antimicrobial agent is just to prevent microbial growth in the paint before application or on the paint film after application and no other antimicrobial claims other than these made on the container label, the paint does not require registration with EPA under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
The chemical criteria must be applied to every ingredient present in the finished (dry film) paint or coating. Some ingredients (e.g., pigments) may contain, as impurities, chemicals that are restricted. The presence of the impurities does not necessarily preclude the use of the ingredient. The ingredient, with its contaminants, may be acceptable if the restricted chemical results in a daily intake regarded as toxicologically insignificant. This determination must take into consideration not only the normal use of the product in a meat or poultry plant, but also any reasonably foreseeable misuse.
For additional information, contact (301) 504-0878.


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Airium Encrusted Rhinestones Hybrid Case for Apple iPhone 12 (6.1) - Electroplated Pink / Pink
Product Description
Product Reviews
All IN STOCK orders are typically shipped within 1 business days of submission (except Preorders and Special Orders). Orders placed after 9am Mountain Time will ship out the following business day. Orders are shipped every day except for Saturday, Sunday and major National holidays. Expedited shipping options are available at checkout. For expedited order processing and shipping options, you may contact our Customer Service.
If you are unsatisfied with the product you have received, we will be glad to assist you with an exchange or refund. Returns or exchanges must be made within 30 days of the original purchase shipping date, product must be unused and in original product packaging. Return/Exchange Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number is required for all returns. RMA requests must be submitted by the customer via "My Account" section by logging into your account and clicking on "Completed Orders" and following the instructions for returns. If you did not create an account upon checkout, please fill out Return Request Form by clicking here. No refunds or exchanges will be made after 30 days of the original purchase shipping date. Authorized refunds will be made for the original invoice price of the item; shipping and handling cost is NOT refundable. The customer will be responsible for ALL costs involved in returning and/or re-shipping the product.
Cases.com offers 30 days warranty. Manufacturer's warranty applies.
For complete shipping, returns, warranty and other policies please visit our policies page here:http://www.cases.com/policies/


text:
APW Wyott 34237 Terminal Bl
- OEM part ensures warranty / agency compliance and best performance
APW Wyott
APW Wyott 34237 Terminal Bl.
Overall Dimensions:
Length: 1.47"
Width: 1.11"
Height: 0.41"
Because this item is not stocked in our warehouse, processing, transit times and stock availability will vary. If you need your items by a certain date,
please contact us prior to placing your order. Expedited shipping availability may vary. We cannot guarantee that this item can be cancelled off of the order or returned once it is placed.
Warranty Info
This item is subject to a 90 day parts warranty. All warranty claims are subject to manufacturer discretion.
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Lawn Fawn SET FOX COSTUMES BEFORE 'N AFTERS Clear Stamps and Dies lffcbarlffcba
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Lawn Fawn is a small company from Southern California that specializes in crafting products that are fun and lively. Since beginning in March 2010 with four stamp sets, Lawn Fawn has introduced lots of new products along the way such as paper, twine, and dies. The products feature original designs that range from the versatile basics we love like alphabets and polka dots to fun and quirky yay for yetis! Lawn Fawn uses the highest quality photopolymer for stamps, FSC certified paper and 100% steel for dies.


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By Pure Matters
Dieting rules for the food blitz from Halloween through New Year's permeate the media. If your psyche is porous enough, like mine was during the 18 years I struggled with dieting, they can also clog your soul. Tips and strategies around portion control and healthier options work to a point, but the dark side of these tips, just like most dieting plans, is the intensity of their restrictions.
Naughty or Nice Eating
No eating plan considers the psychological implications of labeling food "good" or "bad." Eating "good" or "bad" becomes "I'm good" or "I'm bad." Restricting food can parallel the process of restricting your life when you're struggling with the insecurities of your body. Giving family and friends the annual status update at holiday gatherings mimics a yearly performance review -- Aunt Laura, more concerned about your fertility than you, asks, "Why aren't you dating, dear?" You grab coffee with an old friend and discover her life is actually as perfect as it's marketed on Facebook. Emotional tsunamis arise and rather than riding the wave or crying in the bathroom, your feelings turn inward instead of outward and become projected onto peanut butter blossoms.
Is There a Perfect Holiday Diet?
The quest for a perfect holiday diet plan is a quest for perfectionism. And perfectionism is elusive and constraining. Beneath the desire for weight-loss and vibrant health there is a true craving for freedom: You want to feel free to eat a dessert without judgment from yourself and others. You want to overeat at one party and the next day, be free of the guilt so you can easily get back on track. You crave freedom from your exhaustion and worry about fitting it all in with the perfect bow on top.
Diet plans cannot give you what they don't have. They don't have a way to mend your relationship with your mother. They can't give you 36 hours in a day. They can't make you feel beautiful. Binges and off-track moments are your body's way of demanding more freedom on your plate and in your life. There's wisdom in the reasons why we overeat. Excessive wine on the weekends isn't a problem; it's a solution for relaxing after a stressful week. Eating at night isn't the problem; it's the solution to a tightly wound day.
An Exercise In The Freedom of Surrendering
Going "off-track" reflects a need for a release from restriction. It's the body asserting its will about a desire for a lighter, freer life. Once the craving for freedom is satisfied, a relaxed way of eating follows naturally; it's always best to bet on the wisdom of your body versus a charismatic diet guru.
This holiday season use a journal as a "Holiday Control Inventory." In this inventory, list the items in your life that you are trying to control. Include everything from how you look in your jeans from last winter to the emotional baggage of how food makes you feel. Identify the easiest thing to work through and surrender to it.
One example for me is striking a balance between visiting parents and in-laws who both live out of town. Since I don't live in the same town as either, there is a considerable amount of travel in a condensed period to see everyone. To accommodate the stressors of making everyone happy and staying sane during the holidays, I pad my travel schedule so that I'm not exhausted for weeklong stretches at a time. This reduces stress and my family as well as my husband's family understands -- making this solution a no-brainer.
It's important to note that surrendering doesn't mean weakness or being passive. It's the opposite. It's leaning into the problems you have -- the process itself transforming you into a stronger, more confident person. Your source of vulnerability becomes a source of courage and knowing. Control arrives through wisdom. The lightness you were genuinely after in the first place with your diet and nutritional success unfolds. What's healthier than that?
I wish you a holiday season of non-descript dieting rules with distinctive results.
Source: http://blog.purematters.com/diet-nutrition/holiday-eating-are-you-on-the-naughty-or-nice-list


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To us, caring is all about personal relationships. In this blog, you'll get to know co-founder Lori Hogan as she personally shares about what's in our hearts and on our minds, whether it's an inspirational story about a senior or caregiver, a helpful care tip, or commentary on the latest news about how we're working together to enhance the lives of older adults.
Caring for a cherished family member offers many rewards strengthening bonds with loved ones, sharing daily successes and clarifying life's true priorities. But caregiving can also drain our energy and strength. Sometimes this becomes very evident during the hectic holiday season. If you feel the recent holidays sapped your caregiving strength, here are some ways to renew yourself in the New Year
Give yourself the gift of alone time. Whether it means browsing the mall alone, soaking in a hot bath or closing the bedroom door for a nap (or to curl up with that good book!), put a plan in place to make sure you have time to focus on yourself. Regularly recharging your batteries this way will renew your caregiving energy.
Open your heart to accepting help from others. Sometimes we believe we're open to receiving help with caregiving, but we subconsciously put up barriers "You don't bathe Dad right," "Mom needs to eat at exactly five o'clock." Search your heart to see if you're truly open to allowing family members, friends, church groups and other caregivers to take over for a few hours. They may not do things exactly the way you would do them, but you know what? That's OK. Trust that your family members and friends will do their very best to care for your loved one while you're away for a few hours or days.
I hope this list inspires you to invest in yourself in 2015. Remember, you cannot serve water from an empty vessel. When you keep your caregiving vessel full in energy and spirit, you can better help the ones you love.
Home Instead offers free monthly newsletters with tips and advice for caregivers of elderly loved ones. (Privacy Policy)


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More about :TIMKEN 71450-71750-B Tapered roller bearings
|Inner ring
|Outer ring
|Inside Diameter(d):
|114.300 mm
|(D)Cup outer Diameter:
|190.950 mm
|(T)Bearing Width to Flange:
|20.638 mm
|(C1)Dynamic Radial rating:
|(C90)Dynamic Radial rating:
|(Co)Static Radial rating:
|Bearing mass(kgs):
|5.53 kg
TIMKEN 71450/71750-B bearings detailed Introductions:
TIMKEN company is the world's leading tapered roller bearings manufacturer. The tapered roller bearings made by TIMKEN always have the highest standards of quality and performance. The TIMKEN 71450/71750-B bearings is single row tapered roller bearings with a flanged outer ring to facilitate axial location.
As different row configurations for rollers are required, tapered roller bearings can also be divided to double row tapered roller bearings and four row tapered roller bearings. These bearings have the advantage of combined load capacity in both radial and axial environments. Compared to other bearings of the same size, these tapered roller bearings have a relatively longer working life.
Tapered roller bearings are widely used in automotive,machine tool spindles, mining,gear reduction units, plastics machinery and a host of other industries.
NORTH INTERNATIONAL GROUP can facilitate any enquiry for 71450/71750-B bearings Our trustworthy branded suppliers possess large warehouses, huge inventory and most of the bearings varieties.
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Branded bearings are available here. More demands and details please email or call us!
TIMKEN 71450-71750-B Tapered roller bearingsBearing Features and Advantages.
TIMKEN 71450-71750-B Tapered roller bearingsbearings feature precision tolerances, proprietary internal geometries and quality materials. Our tapered, spherical, cylindrical, thrust, ball, plain, miniature, precision and housed unit bearings deliver strong performance, consistently and reliably.
TIMKEN 71450-71750-B Tapered roller bearingsDesigned for heavy duty applications, the HK Series is equipped with a high-strength cage designed to withstand extreme loads and high speeds. With its innovative breakaway outer race design, the HD Series allows radial ball bearings to set with the largest ball parameters, greatly increasing the bearing's dynamic load capacity and extending its service life. HA series is inseparable from the design, the outer ring with a counterbore, roller set between the single-chip high-strength cage. This series is ideal for preload or thrust applications. At the same time, Timken specially designed for ultra-high speed applications have deep groove outer ring and repair the inner ring. HT series with High performance, which is a complete deep groove outer ring, high-strength single-piece cage and two ultra-deep groove inner ring as the main feature, commonly used in positive and negative thrust load on the high-speed shaft.
TIMKEN 71450-71750-B Tapered roller bearings Applications • Turbine engines and transmissions in aerospace
Q: TIMKEN 71450-71750-B Tapered roller bearingsFour-row roller bearings can be used in coordination?
A: TIMKEN 71450-71750-B Tapered roller bearings can be used in coordination with high-speed and can be used in large loader conveyor too


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Energy Efficiency Country Study: Republic of South Africa. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2013. LBNL-6365E..
Energy Efficient Refrigerators Incentive Program Options for South Africa. Berkeley: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2013. LBNL-6536E..
"An international Survey of Electric Storage Tank Water Heater Efficiency and Standards." Southern African Energy Efficiency Convention 2013. Johanesburg, South Africa, 2013. LBNL-6725e..
"A Review of the Residential Efficient Lighting Programme Rollout in South Africa." eceee 2019 Summer Study. Belambra Presqu'île de Giens, France, 2019..
"Water Heater Technical Study to Improve MEPS – South Africa." 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting. Luzern, Switzerland, 2015. LBNL-1003759..