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Tag Archives: Constitutionalism
KrisAnne Hall: 'From Socialist To Constitutionalist – My Story'
Source:The New Democrat "From Socialist To Constitutionalist – My Story What does it take to make a hard core socialist into a true faith Constitutionalist? Listen as this wide awake story is told to not only encourage you, but to … Continue reading
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Brookings: Video: Stephen Grand & Shadi Hamid: The Tension Between Democracy and Liberalism
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Undoubtedly the most effective way of teaching the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics is the axiomatic approach. Philosophically, however, this has its dangers. Axioms are supposed to be clear and compelling. The standard axioms of quantum mechanics are neither. Because they lack a convincing physical motivation, students — but not only students — tend to accept them as ultimate encapsulations of the way things are.
- The first standard axiom typically tells us that the state of a system S is (or is represented by) a normalized element v of a Hilbert space H — in other words, a unit vector in a complex vector space that is complete (in a technical sense that those who need to know it will know).
- The next axiom usually states that observables — measurable quantities — are represented by self-adjoint linear operators acting on the elements of H, and that the possible outcomes of a measurement of an observable O are the eigenvalues of O. (If Ov=cv, where c is a number, then v is an eigenvector of O and c is the corresponding eigenvalue.)
- Then comes an axiom (or a couple of axioms) concerning the (time) evolution of states. Between measurements (if not always), states are said to evolve according to unitary transformations, whereas at the time of a measurement, they are said to evolve (or appear to evolve) as stipulated by the so-called projection postulate: if O is measured, the subsequent state of S is the eigenvector corresponding to the outcome, regardless of the previous state of S.
- A further axiom stipulates that the state of a composite system is (or is represented by) a vector in the direct product of the respective Hilbert spaces of the component systems.
- Finally there are a couple of axioms concerning probabilities. According to the first, if S is "in" the state v, and if we do an experiment to see if it has the property represented by the subspace containing w, then the probability of a positive outcome is given by Born's rule. According to the second, if S is "in" the state v, then the expected value of an observable O is <v|Ov>.
There is much here that is perplexing if not simply wrong.
To begin with, what is the physical meaning of saying that the state of a system is (or is represented by) a normalized vector in a Hilbert space? The reason why this question seems virtually unanswerable is that probabilities are introduced almost as an afterthought. It ought to be stated at the outset that the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics is a probability calculus. It provides us with algorithms for calculating the probabilities of measurement outcomes.
If the phase space formalism of classical physics and the Hilbert space formalism of quantum physics are both understood as tools for calculating the probabilities of measurement outcomes, the transition from a 0-dimensional point in a phase space to a 1-dimensional subspace in a Hilbert space is readily understood as a straightforward way of making room for the nontrivial probabilities that we need to deal with (and even to define) fuzzy physical quantities (which in turn is needed for the stability of "ordinary" material objects).
Because the probabilities assigned by the points of a phase space are trivial, the classical formalism admits of an alternative interpretation: we may think of (classical) states as collections of possessed properties. Because the probabilities assigned by the rays of a Hilbert space are nontrivial, the quantum formalism does not admit of such an interpretation: we may not think of (quantum) states as collections of possessed properties.
Saying that the state of a quantum system is (or is represented by) a vector (in lieu of a 1-dimensional subspace) in a Hilbert space, is therefore seriously misleading.
There are two kinds of things that can be represented by a vector (or a 1-dimensional subspace) in a Hilbert space: possible measurement outcomes and actual measurement outcomes. If a possible measurement outcome is thus represented, it is for the purpose of calculating its probability. If an actual measurement outcome is thus represented, it is for the purpose of assigning probabilities to the possible outcomes of whichever measurement is made next. If v represents the outcome of a maximal test and if w represents a possible outcome of the measurement that is made next, then the probability of that outcome is |<w|v>|2. (If the Hamiltonian is not zero, this probability is |<w|Uv>|2, U being the unitary operator that takes care of the time difference between the two measurements.)
It is essential to understand that any statement about a quantum system between measurements is "not even wrong" in Wolfgang Pauli's famous phrase, inasmuch as such a statement is neither verifiable nor falsifiable. This bears on the third axiom (or couple of axioms), according to which quantum states evolve (or appear to evolve) unitarily between measurements, which then implies that they "collapse" (or appear to do so) at the time of a measurement.
All that can safely be asserted about the time t on which a quantum state functionally depends is that it refers to the time of a measurement — either the measurement to the possible outcomes probabilities are assigned, or the measurement on the basis of whose outcome probabilities are assigned. What cannot be asserted without metaphysically embroidering the axioms of quantum mechanics is that v(t) is (or represents) an instantaneous state of affairs of some kind, which evolves from earlier to later times. As Asher Peres pointedly observed, "there is no interpolating wave function giving the 'state of the system' between measurements".[1]
Again, what could be the physical meaning of saying that observables are (or are represented by) self-adjoint operators? We are left in the dark until we get to the last couple of axioms, at which point we learn that the expected value of an observable O "in" the state v is <v|Ov>. The expected value of a measurable quantity is defined as the sum of the possible outcomes of a measurement of this quantity each multiplied ("weighted") by its (Born) probability, and a self-adjoint operator O can be defined so that this weighted sum takes the form <v|Ov>. That's all there is to observables "being" self-adjoint operators.
And finally, why would the state of a composite system be (represented by) a vector in the direct product of the Hilbert spaces of the component systems? Once again the answer is self-evident if quantum states are seen for what they are — tools for assigning probabilities to the possible outcomes of measurements.
There is a widely held if not always explicitly stated assumption, which for many has the status of an additional axiom. This is the so-called eigenstate-eigenvalue link, according to which a system "in" an eigenstate of an observable O — that is, a system associated with an eigenvector of O — possesses the corresponding eigenvalue even O is not, in fact, measured. Because the time-dependence of a quantum state is not the continuous dependence on time of an evolving state but a dependence on the time of a measurement, we must reject this assumption. All that Ov(t) = ov(t) implies is that a (successful) measurement of O made at the time t is certain to yield the outcome o. In other words, probability 1 is not sufficient for "is" or "has."
If a system's being in an eigenstate of an observable is not sufficient for the possession, by the system or the observable, of the corresponding eigenvalue, then what is?
We came across several experimental arrangements that warranted the following conclusion: measurements do not reveal pre-existent values; they create their outcomes. If so, the only sufficient condition for the existence of a value o of an observable O is a measurement of O. Observables have values only if, only when, and only to the extent that they are measured. In short, to be is to be measured. This was the insight that Niels Bohr tried to convey when he kept insisting that, out of relation to experimental arrangements, the properties of quantum systems are undefined.[2,3]
1. [↑] Peres, A. (1984). What is a state vector? American Journal of Physics 52, 644–650.
2. [↑] Jammer, M. (1974). The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Wiley, pp. 68–69.
3. [↑] Petersen, A. (1968). Quantum Physics and the Philosophical Tradition, MIT Press.

subset: commoncrawl


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Critics Are Trashing Kate Upton And Cameron Diaz's New Movie 'The Other Woman'
Cameron Diaz's new movie starring Leslie Mann and Kate Upton, "The Other Woman" is out this weekend.
In what appears to be a modern-day version of "The First Wives Club", Carly (Diaz), Kate (Mann), and Amber (Upton) seek revenge on the guy (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, "Game of Thrones") who has been romancing all three of them — and more — while married to Kate.
So far, the reviews are pretty brutal with the film sitting at 25% on Rotten Tomatoes.
Here are a few:
"This female revenge comedy is so dumb, lazy, clumsily assembled and unoriginal, it could crush any actor forced to execute its leaden slapstick gags and mouth its crude, humorless dialogue (by the first-time screenwriter Melissa K. Stack)."
"Nick Cassavetes, who hasn't had a hit since 'The Notebook,' directs as deftly as if he were wearing boxing gloves. Scenes are overlit — the photography does Diaz no favors — the sound editing is awful and music cues are scored with a sledgehammer … The only thing missing from this steaming casserole, in fact, is the one crucial ingredient: A sense of humor."
"'The Other Woman' is a weak adultery rom-com in which the most authentic performance comes from a non-housebroken Great Dane."
"Cassavetes also relies heavily on tired visual shorthand. We know Carly is a career woman because she wears all black and stilettos; we know Mark is an alpha male because he drives a sports car. We know Upton's the eye candy because she's running down the beach in slow motion, "Baywatch"-style."
"There's a strong whiff of 'The First Wives Club' and an even a sprinkling of 'Working Girl' here – but instead of updating the genre, 'The Other Woman' rehashes it, bringing little more than a few giggles and a dash of glamour to the table."
A similar sentiment by many outlets is that Kate Upton's presence in the film appears to be simply just for "eye candy."
"Amber [Upton] is crassly shoehorned into the movie to provide jiggling eye candy for boys."
"It is a film that features a vomiting scene, a farting scene, a huge dog taking an extravagant, full-view dump on an apartment floor, the aforementioned diarrhea and nipple segments, a joke — the approach of which is visible from space — when a man is sexually humiliated by a transgender woman, and plenty of appreciative ogling of Kate Upton's caboose."
"Upton does what she's called upon to do, look great in a bikini, and rarely has more than one line to speak at a time."
Instead, a few suggest Nicki Minaj's brief role is the best part of the film.
"All three women are less watchable and amusing that [sic] Nicki Minaj as Carly's legal assistant Lydia. Here's someone who enjoys a job she doesn't feel the need to excel in — 'It's like having a hobby that pays well' — and dispenses the working-girl wisdom that 'Selfish people live longer.'"
Here's a clip of her in the film.
Despite the reviews, the film is set to win the box-office weekend with an estimated $16.5 million.
See Also:
- New 'Star Wars' Film Will Cost At Least $175 Million To Make
- 'Fast & Furious 7' Is Using New Technology To Replace Paul Walker With His Brothers
- Quentin Tarantino Is Completely Changing His New Movie After The Script Leaked Online
- Low-Budget Religious Movie 'Heaven Is For Real' Crushed It At The Box Office
- 11 Really Bad Movies Based On Cartoons Everyone Loves
SEE ALSO: 15 movies you should see this summer


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Oh hey they there blog, I know it's been forever since I have written here. Hold on a sec let me unbuckle my seat belt. I have been buckled in for about 6 weeks now. Buckled in for a pretty wild ride!
I am just now slowly beginning to emerge from the crumbles and the chaos of it all.
So what has been going on you ask…..well where do I begin??
Let 's start with Memorial Day weekend………
Madi had qualified for an all day National lacrosse tournament in Maryland that weekend. I had arranged for the wonderful agency we were using to care for Curt to be at our house at 5:30am on Sat. All went well and we did the same thing again on Sunday. It was a busy weekend for Curt, but he managed. Then on Monday I drove 5 hours down to pick up Tyler at Liberty and 5 hours back with Curt along for the ride.
It was after that crazy weekend that I began to see Curt unravel a bit. The ride home from Liberty was long, and he was leaning over quite a bit and kept saying, "I need to get out of here." He had a rough week after that, the one saving grace was Tyler was home to provide some much needed comic relief and fun for him.
Later that week, Tyler and I ventured an hour away to see a sports spine specialist about his ongoing back problems that had significantly worsened. (He literally could not stand up straight, my normally 6'4 son was looking about 6ft tall, plus he had lost about 20lbs!) The Dr. pretty much said at this point surgery is his best option. Surgery was then scheduled for 2 weeks later on June 12th.
Somehow, I continued to limp through the last few weeks of school. I worked in a rather lame attempt to "give it my all", but there wasn't much left in the old tank to give.
Curt continued to decline and needed so much more help with even the simple things after that trip to Liberty.
Then the day before Tyler was scheduled for surgery he texted me at school to let me know he woke up that morning with a bad headache and a fever! That pretty much sent me over the cliff……..or at least right to the edge of it! Through a series of phone calls with the Dr and Physician's assistant, we decided to proceed with surgery the next day. He would be assessed again in the morning.
He was the first person scheduled for surgery that day which meant we had to leave the house at the beautiful hour of 3:45am. (Which means I was up at 2am, wide awake and worrying….you know something us mothers can really do well when needed! 🙂 )
My parents came to be with Curt that morning until his regular caregiver could be there. All went well with surgery and they pumped Tyler full of antibiotics to help with the fever and what was probably a sinus infection . (I should mention that Tyler has NEVER, EVER had a sinus infection, so I guess the day before surgery is a good time to get your first sinus infection….NOT) We arrived home late that afternoon. The next day, June 13th was my last day of school with my students.
Somewhere amidst all the back surgery fog, end of school fog and the Curt decline fog….I had sat down and talked with a local reporter about a short essay I had written for the "Chicken Soup for the Soul Alzheimer's Edition" and about living with Younger Onset Alzheimer's in our 40's (ok, ok …. now officially in our 50's). I knew the article was going to be published the weekend of June 14th, but honestly, with so much going on, I had forgotten about it until a friend texted me to tell me how surprised she was to open up her Sunday paper to find a pic of Curt and I on the front page of the Lifestyle section!!!!! (At that point, picture in your mind a minor freak out by me, the front page?? What?!!?! Is it a good pic? Do I look fat? How is the article?)
But there I sat at a lacrosse tourney with Curt and Madi, about and hour away from home and unable to get the paper or read it. I actually did not get to read the article until after the tournament finished later Sunday afternoon. It was a very sweet article and well done. And the accolades for Curt that came as a result of the article blessed my heart immensely.
( You can read the article here)
The hoopla that ensued from the article was endearing. Several former students got together to start a fundraiser for Curt. They are selling T-shirts to raise money for ongoing care for Curt. (Check here for info on the T-shirt fundraiser and if you go to the site you can also see a cool TV interview with myself and Curt's former student) I also got several letters in the mail from students, made new facebook connections with different people who read the article and once again saw the goodness, kindness, and amazing generosity of our community. Donations were also sent to a local fund set up for Curt. I was AMAZED one day when I went online to check the account so I could make a payment to a local provider for Curt and found a generous amount of money has been contributed to the account. It truly was God's perfect timing!!!
Then on June 17th in the crazy month of June, Curt and I had our 25th anniversary. It was a bittersweet day, he enjoyed the specialness of the day, but he really does not grasp the fact that we are married anymore. But he knows I am his honey and he loved knowing it was a special day for us….so that was good enough for me. The day was also made so special for me just by the simple care of a few good friends who went the extra mile for us/me that day. 🙂
Our honeymoon in Vt/Maine/NH 25 years ago!
So as Tyler was recovering well, and Madi continued with lacrosse tournaments every weekend, I struggled through the LONG 7 days teachers had to go to school for inservice days after the students left. Somewhere in the chaos of it all we got word that there was an opening at the main care facility I was looking at for Curt.
So once again, I had some freak out issues, surely I was not emotionally ready for this, how do I tell Curt about moving, and on and on the issues and emotions went. Moving Curt to a full time care facility was something I was not yet ready to do, yet I did in a practical sense feel it was time. But emotionally that is a whole other issue…………
So arrangements were made for him to move in July 2! A week ago today he moved into a wonderful care facility.
And for now that is where I will leave you…..this post has already gotten VERY LONG! Do know that it has been an adjustment for Curt and for all of us. So continue to pray for peace for Curt during the transition from home to the memory care facility. I will finish this and update more next week.
Curt at the memory care facility. And yes they allow Paisely to visit! He loves having her come along to visit.
But geez, I am exhausted just reading through this…..ha ha. Usually when I finish a post I do try to add something God has been teaching me.
But guess what folks……I got nothing.
Not that God hasn't been teaching me a TON.
But for now, I am off to focus this week on the R's of life.
Thanks for walking the journey with us, each one of you makes this journey so much easier!


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tee (n.)
in golf, 1721, back-formation from teaz (1673), taken as a plural; a Scottish word of uncertain origin. The original form was a little heap of sand. The verb meaning "place a ball on a golf tee" is recorded from 1670s; figurative sense of "to make ready" (usually with up) is recorded from 1938. Teed off in the figurative sense of "angry, annoyed" is first recorded 1953, probably as a euphemism for p(iss)ed off.
updated on January 20, 2014


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But shortly after President Trump took office last year, Education Secretary Betsy DeVos and Attorney General Jeff Sessions rescinded the guidance, a move that was widely decried by civil rights groups who said it could endanger the welfare of transgender students. DeVos said states and individual school districts should be able to determine how to accommodate transgender students. They argued that Title IX did not obligate schools to allow transgender students to use the bathroom of their choice.
Transgender students say using the bathroom that feels right for them is essential for their safety and well-being and poses no threat to others. Some other students and their families see it as an affront to privacy and traditional values. It is a battle that has been waged at school board meetings, in state legislatures and in the courts. A transgender student from Virginia, Gavin Grimm, took his fight to use the boys' bathroom to the U.S. Supreme Court in 2016. The high court declined to hear the case after DeVos reversed course on transgender students rights.
In the aftermath of the move, it remained unclear how the department would handle civil rights complaints from transgender students who were barred access to public school bathrooms. In June, Candice Jackson, the acting head of the Office for Civil Rights, told staff that it should evaluate civil rights complaints from transgender students on a case-by-case basis but did not say outright that bathroom complaints should be dismissed. That same month, the department dismissed a long-running civil rights complaint from a transgender girl in Ohio who had been barred from the girls' bathroom at school.
Trump administration's approach to handling transgender students' civil rights complaints is described in memo
Transgender students held out hope that the department would continue to back them when they raised issues about bathroom access, even though the guidance was no longer in place. Advocates maintain that Title IX, which bars sex discrimination in schools that receive federal funds, requires schools to allow transgender students to use bathrooms that match their gender identity. Some federal appeals courts have backed this view.
But the department interprets the law differently. It confirmed Monday that it will not investigate civil rights complaints from transgender students regarding bathroom access, though it will continue to scrutinize other forms of discrimination. The development was first reported by BuzzFeed.
"Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, not gender identity," Education Department spokeswoman Elizabeth Hill said in response to questions from The Washington Post. "Where students, including transgender students, are penalized or harassed for failing to conform to sex-based stereotypes, that is sex discrimination prohibited by Title IX. In the case of bathrooms, however, longstanding regulations provide that separating facilities on the basis of sex is not a form of discrimination prohibited by Title IX."
Pressed on whether the department would investigate such complaints, Hill said: "Where [the Office for Civil Rights] does not have jurisdiction based on current law [the Office for Civil Rights] does not investigate."
That aligns with the view held by some conservative legal groups, which have sued on behalf of students made uncomfortable by sharing restrooms with their transgender classmates, saying it violates student privacy.
But Catherine Lhamon, who headed the Education Department's Office for Civil Rights under President Barack Obama, called the department's statement "appalling and deeply dangerous."
"The federal courts have multiple times made clear that Title IX protects transgender students," Lhamon said. "They just don't have the option to say, 'We just don't apply the law here.' "
DeVos has emphasized that her department would not tolerate bullying or harassment of transgender students, and Jackson's memo made clear that the department would still investigate other kinds of discrimination against transgender students.
"Please note that the withdrawal of these guidance documents does not leave students without protections from discrimination, bullying or harassment," DeVos wrote last year after she rescinded the Obama-era protections from transgender students. "All schools must ensure that all students, including LGBT students, are able to learn and thrive in a safe environment."
Still, advocates worry that the administration's position will send a message to schools without clear policies that they should bar transgender students from bathrooms and locker rooms that match their gender identity. "The vast number of schools in our country are schools led by teachers and principals and administrators who want to do the best for children but this will just be confusing," said Vanessa Ford, the mother of a transgender girl in the first grade who attends school in the Boston area. "They hear this and think, 'Wait, am I no longer allowed to support trans kids at our school?' "