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Top 10 car songs of the fabulous '60s
1. "Don't Worry Baby," The Beach Boys, 1964
What? Is this a car song? Yes it is. If you listen closely, you'll find out the reason for all the "worry" is the guy in the song was "bragging up his car" once too often. His rival challenges him to a drag race, and now he's got to back up his words. His girl tells him that when "he races today … don't worry, baby, everything will turn out all right." It's about love and a drag race, and perhaps the best melody of the top-10 bunch originally released on the "Shut Down" album.
2. "Little Old Lady from Pasadena," Jan and Dean, 1964
There wasn't really a little old lady from Pasadena, but this song about granny and her bright red Super Stock Dodge is a close second on my favorites list. Released on the "Drag City" album, it offers a great beat and lasting rhythm. Go granny, go granny, go granny go!
3. "Shut Down," The Beach Boys, 1963
"It happened on the strip where the road is wide" preludes a great contest between a factory Super Stock 413 Dodge Ramcharger and a fuel-injected Corvette, released on The Beach Boys' "Surfin' USA" album. The 'Vette finally overtakes the Dodge at the finish, but in real life, I'd have put my money on the 413 Dodge. This is a great song for those who love drag races and the muscle car high-performance street scene.
4. "Little Deuce Coupe," The Beach Boys, 1963
This is the hit single and similarly titled album that put The Beach Boys on top with car lovers. The Deuce Coupe "purred like a kitten until her lake pipes roared ... and got rubber in all four gears." So popular was the song it reached No. 4 on the Top 100 hit list.
5. "Fun, Fun, Fun," The Beach Boys, 1964
"She got her daddy's car and she cruised to the hamburger stand now." Seems "the library" was just a front to get the keys, and this little miss had a great time with daddy's T-Bird until dad got wise. Enter the song's hero, who gets the "carless" girl and they continue having fun cruising around in his ride. "Fun, Fun, Fun" was released on the "Shut Down, Volume 2" album.
6. "Dead Man's Curve," Jan and Dean, 1963
Another hit from this talented duo, things went bad when the Jaguar XKE hit the curb entering dead man's curve in a race against a Corvette. As the lingo went, "you won't come back from Dead Man's Curve." Notable is that there are three versions of this song, with some minor lyric changes as the single 45 hit version was released in 1964 with help from The Beach Boys' Brian Wilson and sounds of horns and the XKE crashing.
7. "G.T.O.," Ronny and the Daytonas, 1964
Ronny & The Daytonas, another "surf sound" group, hit the big time with their debut single "G.T.O." With "three deuces and a four-speed, and a 389," the "little G.T.O." really "whined." This song hit No. 4 on the Billboard list and was the biggest hit the group ever had.
8. "Hey Little Cobra," The Rip Chords, 1963
Ford fans had much to cheer about when the Rip Chords released this hit that also went to No. 4 on the Billboard Top 100 list. The lyrics "Hey little Cobra don't you know you're gonna shut 'em down" chronicles a successful day at the races for a Ford Cobra, which is towed into the raceway pit area "hitched to the back of my Cadillac." The Cobra defeats a Corvette on way to victory, which was also happening in real life.
9. "409," The Beach Boys, 1962
When released, Beach Boys song writer extraordinaire Brian Wilson was disappointed that "She's real fine my 409" didn't do better on the hit lists. However, The Beach Boys ended up with double-sided success when flip side "Surfin' Safari" took off and eventually made the Top 10 chart. As for "409," it was an influential car song and surely pushed sales of all those 409s that dotted our boulevards in 1962 and 1963.
10. "Tell Laura I Love Her," Ray Peterson, 1960
Sad song about a young man who needs money to help him get married to Laura. He sees a sign for a stock car race, enters his car and is fatally injured. His last words? "Tell Laura I Love Her." I agree it's a corny song, but it sure receives lots of airtime.
Honorable mention goes to Dick Dale, the West Coast guitar king who started the whole surf sound with his group The Deltones in the 1950s. Two Dale albums, "Checkered Flag" (1963) and "Mr. Eliminator" (1964), are noteworthy.
-- Greg Zyla is an auto columnist for More Content Now and GateHouse Media publications. He welcomes reader comments and would like to hear from you about a hit or two that you feel should have make his list at email@example.com or 303 Roosevelt St., Sayre, PA 18840.


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KÄINA, ESTONIA–It is not yet one of my regular bits of field equipment, and I am certainly far from an expert with its use, but I can say a few things about the value of an iPad in geological fieldwork. This summer I have used it in Israel, Poland and Estonia and it has served me very well.
Despite the dramatic photos here, I have used my iPad2 mostly indoors. It is by far the most convenient field library I have ever had. Laptops are great for storing and displaying pdfs of papers and maps, but it just can't beat the convenience of simple taps on the iPad screen to pull up astonishingly clear text and images. I use PDFReader Pro so I can easily zoom in and out on the screen with the classic Apple two-finger move. I add documents to this reader and others with Dropbox (recommended to me by Lisa Park), which has the advantage of syncing with all my other computers. (I seem to have more than a few now.) It has never been easier in a remote location to read documents and share them with students and colleagues. My trusty MacBook Pro seems terribly primitive for reading now.
Although I haven't used them on this trip, I want to mention the excellent geological map programs of Integrity Logic. I have map programs for California, Utah and Ohio. Each comes with 25 layers, including bedrock geology, roads, mines, earthquake epicenters and much more. They are essentially GIS products for the iPad and iPod. I've found them most useful when traveling through (or flying over) a region I want to know more about.
For making typed notes indoors and out, I like the app Evernote because the typing is intuitive and it does a good job of correcting my mistakes. I would not use this for serious writing (I can't yet break free from the laptop for that), it is good for quick notes and, astonishingly, audio recordings and photographs through the iPad camera. I can, if I want, easily talk about an outcrop to my iPad and have it archive my precious words. (I haven't yet.)
I use Bamboo Paper for sketches in the field and with colleagues around the dinner table. It is great for outlining crazy ideas in six colors. As with Evernote, the results can be emailed from the iPad. (Although I must say, I haven't made any such notes worthy of leaving the device!) By the way, for sketching I very much like the Boxwave Stylus rather than relying on my fat fingers.
There is a behavioral barrier I've had to overcome before taking my iPad into the field itself. Carrying this precious machine in my backpack along with hammers, chisels, water bottles and, eventually, bags of rocks seemed a bad idea. I have a protective cover for the screen, but no sealed box for the whole iPad. I know they're out there, but I haven't found one I like. Instead I seal it into a separate pocket as far away from hard, sharp and wet things as possible. So far, no problems, but I hesitate pulling it out in the wilderness with all those hazards for electronics. I'll get more accustomed to it, I'm sure. (Although I still feel that way about my camera.) Of course, no one would use an iPad in the rain — another reason I don't work in Iceland.
The most useful apps in the field are again PDFReader Pro for accessing documents downloaded through Dropbox, Evernote and Bamboo Paper. I have been experimenting with Sketchbook Express for taking photographs in the field with the iPad and then annotating them on the spot. It is a very useful way to remember something visual, and the images can be exported out through email. Again, none of these jottings are publication quality — they are quick notes to myself. There is much potential in this latter application for more sophisticated field observations and records.
Finally, general iPad apps I like as a geologist include Disaster Alert (realtime maps of disasters around the world), Sunrise Clock (especially helpful when you've crossed significant amounts of latitude!), Google Earth (of course), Star Walk (for starry nights), various language translation programs (I try), and GW Mail (for Groupwise email accounts — easier than accessing through a computer).
Again, I'm just starting with the iPad so I know there is much I'm missing. It has not replaced my laptop (I can't write blog posts with it, for example), so I've actually increased the electronics I carry around on trips. I had an awkward moment in the Tel Aviv airport when a security officer looked at my US cell phone, Israeli cell phone, iPod, iPad, Macbook Pro, and GPS and asked why I needed all these things! Indeed. The future no doubt will have some sort of iPad-like device that does it all.
Feel free to add information and ideas through the comments below!
(Photos courtesy of Rachel Matt.)

subset: commoncrawl


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About EU-AIMS
European Autism Interventions - A Multicentre Study for Developing New Medications (EU-AIMS) - was an IMI-funded project that took place between April 2012 and March 2018. It was the first Europe-wide collaboration between organisations representing autistic people and their families, academia and industry. For the first time in the world, they came together to make new discoveries which could help us to understand and reduce difficulties associated with autism.
At the time, EU-AIMS was the largest single grant for autism in the world, and study of any neurodevelopmental condition in Europe.This international consortium of scientists, led by Roche and King's College London.
AIMS-2-TRIALS was recently launched to continue and expand some of the work pioneered in EU-AIMS .
Major goals of the project EU-AIMS
Our goals included identifying markers of autism that would help in earlier and more accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and the development with new therapies. We coupled this integrated research effort with the development of new training opportunities and the implementation of new analytical approaches.


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We continue to celebrate Black History Month here in GatheringBooks with Jeanne Walker Harvey's My Hands Sing the Blues: Romare Bearden's Childhood Journey illustrated by Elizabeth Zunon. Perfect for Nonfiction Monday which is being hosted this week by Alex Baugh of The Children's War.
Feeling the Beat of Romare Bearden. I have been intrigued by this book ever since I've read the reviews of a number of fellow Nonfiction Monday enthusiasts. The author of this lovely book, Jeanne Walker Harvey, is also an active participant of Nonfiction Monday, so it's a real treat to find her book here in our community libraries in Singapore.
Romare Bearden is a new name for me. I did not know about his artwork until I opened this picture book. And being a huge fan of collage art work and blues and jazz, I immediately fell in love with the man and naturally I used the book as an excuse to search out more of his works that could be found on the world wide web.
The book (which I believe is meant for young readers – aged 5 to 8) is meant to be a sampler, a visual taster if you may, of Bearden's life. The Author's Note found at the back of the book shared a few more biographical information that one would not be able to glean in the upbeat lyrical style that Jeanne adopted in the actual narrative:
After the Civil War, Romare Bearden's great-grandparents were among the African-American middle class that established business in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, where the railroad and cotton industries prospered. When Bearden was a young child, however, his family faced discriminatory Jim Crow laws and attitudes. In 1914, the three-year-old Bearden and his college-educated parents participated in the Great Migration North, moving to New York City. After his family moved to Harlem, Bearden spent many fondly remembered summer vacations in North Carolina with his great-grandparents.
Bearden, of African, Cherokee, and Italian descent, was one of America's most vibrant and innovative 20th-century artists. Although Bearden achieved artistic success with different styles and media, today he's remembered mainly for his collages, which he referred to as 'paintings.' In his collages, he not only analyzed the social and political issues of his time, but he also told his personal story and the daily life experiences of African Americans living in the rural South and the urban North.
Visual Jazz and Snapshots of Dreamlike States (with Rhythm). The entire feel of the book can be paralleled to dreamlike states – with rhythm and rhyme. I have a feeling that a lot of young kids would love reading along as train engines are depicted to pick up speed: "Ka-nook Ka-nee, Tink-a-tink, tink-a-tink, Bye-bye, Trade Street Station."
It has a blast-from-the-past vibe as Harvey and Zunon shared snapshots of Bearden's childhood in North Carolina, quiet moments with Grandma "down the old dirt road" and "riding up on Great-grandpa's shoulders, I'm a strong and mighty tower."
While the difficulties shared by Jeanne in the Author's Notes can be deduced from the illustrations, it was not the highlight of the narrative. There is lyrical subtlety and a quiet (but strong) voice that emerges from this very thoughtful, whimsical representation of an important man's life.
About the Author and Illustrator (info taken from the book's jacketflap).
Jeanne Walker Harvey became fascinated with Romare Bearden's amazing collages when she was a docent at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. She has a degree in English literature and psychology from Stanford University and has taught language arts in middle school. Ms. Harvey has authored another picture book, Astrol the Steller Sea Lion. She lives in Marin County, California, with her husband. She has two sons in college and a black Labrador who sits at her feet when she writes. To find out more about the author, visit her at her official website.
Elizabeth Zunon was born in Albany, New York, and grew up in the Ivory Coast, West Africa. She attended the Rhode Island School of Design, where her love for children's books and painting was encouraged. Ms. Zunon now lives in Albany, where she explores a multicultural world through painting, beading, sewing, and collage. To find out more about the illustrator, visit her official website.
My Hands Sing the Blues: Romare Bearden's Childhood Journey by Jeanne Walker Harvey and Illustrations by Elizabeth Zunon. Marshall Cavendish Children, New York, 2011. Book borrowed from the community library. Book photos were taken by me.
PictureBook Challenge Update: 29 of 120
Nonfiction Picture Book Challenge Update: 5 of 12
PoC Reading Challenge: 7 of 25


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In terms of this week's photo challenge, orange, I guess I just got lucky. Today was the start of Art in Bloom at the St. Louis Art Museum. The challenge for local floral gurus in the area is to create a floral arrangement that represents a piece of art work they are assigned. It is a fun and very crowded exhibit to see. For this blog post I chose to show the floral arrangement of Catherine Thoele who was assigned Octagonal Jar with Design of Cherry Trees, Peonies, and Chrysanthemums.
Of the ones I saw, this was my favorite interpretive arrangement. I loved the orange of the flowers, but one of the details that I appreciated was the leaves that had blue paint flecks on them, it was a nice tie-in to the original art work.
The challenges as a photographer to get these photos included low light, no flash allowed, and the crowds. I chose to take my point and shoot, it is easier to handle in a crowded situation. I used two different settings to get the photos. One was Auto. The other was a program mode that allows me to shoot macro. I got some nice close-ups of individual photos in that mode. As far as post-editing, I have kept that to a minimum. I did some cropping on a few. The biggest adjustment I made was on the vase photo, where I applied an Iris blur filter. I made that choice because the background was truly distracting.
I think it is because I enjoy looking at interpretations of art that this is one of my favorite exhibits of the year at the St. Louis Art Museum. What do you think? should interpretations like this be featured in museums? Also, it was mentioned in the challenge to try a different gallery format for the photos. I generally insert my photos one at a time in a fairly large format, so this gallery is a change for me. What do you think of the format? I think I can get away with it in this post, but I don't think I be changing my normal format any time soon. Your comments are welcome below.


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Psychology Modern By A R WHITEWAY
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Términos y frases comunes
appeared asked beautiful become bells birds body brought called century character Church close comes course death died doubt early England English eyes face fact father feeling give given half hand head heart interest Italy John King known lady land leave less letters light lines lived London look Lord matter means miles mind nature never night observed once original passed perhaps person play poor present probably question received remained remarkable round seems seen side speak stand taken tell things thought told took town true turned whole wife write young


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Glory Be …
For I received from the Lord what I also handed on to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took a loaf of bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, 'This is my body that is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.' In the same way he took the cup also, after supper, saying, 'This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.' For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes. (1 Corinthians 11:23-26)
God of Life, as Thomas was sustained by the Bread of Life, nourish me through the celebration of the Holy Eucharist.
Concluding Prayer
Grant me, O Lord my God,
a mind to know you,
a heart to seek you,
wisdom to find you,
conduct pleasing to you,
faithful perseverance in waiting for you,
and a hope of finally embracing you.


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Modeling Physics with Easy Java Simulations Documents
Main Document
Modeling Physics with Easy Java Simulations preprint
written by
Wolfgang Christian and Francisco Esquembre
The paper Modeling Physics with Easy Java Simulations describes the use of the Easy Java Simulations (Ejs) modeling and authoring tool and shows how this tool can be used to teach mechanics concepts using computer modeling. Although the modeling method can be used without computers, the use of computers allows students to study problems that are difficult and time consuming, to visualize their results, and to communicate their results with others. The combination of computer modeling with theory and experiment can achieve insight and understanding that cannot be achieved with only one approach.
Published October 1, 2007
This file has previous versions.


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Minimum Donation
Submit donations online! One hundred percent of all donations go towards paying for the purchase of all new coats, which is approximately $350,000.00, or approximately $17.50 per coat.
Please Note: All donations are final and cannot be refunded! There is a minimum of $17.50 per each online donation contribution. Online donations are securely encrypted


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It's the end of another year says Captain Obvious, and we'd like to thank those who took precious minutes out of their lives to visit Tacky Raccoons. We don't know who you are, but we know where you live. You're good peeps.
Although this place isn't really a forum-type site, the occasional comments remind us that we're not alone in the half-vast blogosphere.
Amy Oops, andBerlin, Arend Maatkamp, Ashraf, azmrmacs, Barbara Swarm, bob-decco, Bunkessa, Bunkarina, Calo, Catherine Andronik, Chiqui, da_truth6, da_truth36, Dale Weeks, Dan Johanson, David (1), David (2), devilintheflesh, df's puddy tat, doriangrey1, Dr. N. Igma, edrevets, EmmetEarwax, Eni Lidiaw, G Eagle Esq, Gabriel, Guy in Ohio, hahabuda, idiotprufs, Ispeakjive, istillgotmyguitar, Jane, Jeremy, Jimmy, joanne casey, joe, John M., Jose Galofre Manero-SPAIN_europe, justanotherinsignificant, Kay Jessica Critchfield, kdub, LC Aggie Sith, Leeuna Foster, Lemur King, Lily, M. Hassan, macduffer1, Macker, ~mari, mfhorn, midnightvisitor, Mike, Mrmacs, myworldlyobsessions, nonoymanga, nursemyra, Nul ptyx, Pasties, PetsLady, planetross, raincoaster, RazoR Burnes, RisingPhoenix, Rocket, ryankane, scot, site, Soylent Green, Stan, Stephen Brooke, taylorjorjorian, thechildhoodhero, theliteraryhorse, The Necromancer, The Iatrophobe, theuglymoose, The Watcher, Tony Convey, Tony McGurk, VE, Wheels, W. R. Woolf & yourmotherhere.
Happy New Year, folks. Wish you the best. — Bunk


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IBM recently announced the first application of a breakthrough self-assembling nanotechnology to conventional chip manufacturing, borrowing a process from nature to build the next-generation computer chips.
The natural pattern-creating process that forms seashells, snowflakes, and enamel on teeth has been harnessed by IBM to form trillions of holes to create insulating vacuums around the miles of nanoscale wires packed next to each other inside each computer chip.
In chips running in IBM labs using the technique, the researchers have proven that the electrical signals on the chips can flow 35 percent faster, or the chips can consume 15 percent less energy compared to the most advanced chips using conventional techniques.
The IBM patented self-assembly process moves a nanotechnology manufacturing method that had shown promise in laboratories into a commercial manufacturing environment for the first time, providing the equivalent of two generations of Moore's Law wiring performance improvements in a single step, using conventional manufacturing techniques.
This new form of insulation, commonly referred to as "airgaps" by scientists, is a misnomer, since the gaps are actually a vacuum, absent of air. The technique deployed by IBM causes a vacuum to form between the copper wires on a computer chip, allowing electrical signals to flow faster, while consuming less electrical power. The self-assembly process enables the nanoscale patterning required to form the gaps; this patterning is considerably smaller than current lithographic techniques can achieve.
A vacuum is believed to be the ultimate insulator for what is known as wiring capacitance, which occurs when two conductors-in this case, adjacent wires on a chip-sap or siphon electrical energy from one another, generating undesirable heat and slowing the speed at which data can move through a chip.
Until now, chip designers often were forced to fight capacitance issues by pushing ever more power through chips, creating other problems in the process. They have also used insulators with better insulating capability, but these insulators have become fragile as chip features get smaller and smaller, and their insulating properties do not compare to those of a vacuum.
The self-assembly process already has been integrated with IBM's manufacturing line in East Fishkill, NY, and is expected to be fully incorporated in IBM's manufacturing lines and used in chips in 2009. The chips will be used in the company's server product lines and thereafter for chips it builds for other companies.
"This is the first time anyone has proven the ability to synthesize mass quantities of these self-assembled polymers and integrate them into an existing manufacturing process with great yield results," says Dan Edelstein, IBM Fellow and chief scientist of the self-assembly airgap project. "By moving self-assembly from the lab to the fab, we are able to make chips that are smaller, faster, and consume less power than existing materials and design architectures allow."
The secret of IBM's breakthrough lies in how the IBM scientists moved the self-assembly process from the laboratory to a production environment in a way that can potentially yield millions of chips with consistent, high-performance results.
Today, chips are manufactured with copper wiring surrounded by an insulator, which involves using a mask to create circuit patterns by beaming light through the mask and later chemically removing the parts that are not needed. The new technique to make airgaps by self-assembly skips the masking and light-etching process. Instead, IBM scientists discovered the right mix of compounds, which they pour onto a silicon wafer with the wired chip patterns, then bake it.
This patented process provides the right environment for the compounds to assemble in a directed manner, creating trillions of uniform, nanoscale holes across an entire 300 mm wafer. These holes are just 20 nm in diameter, up to five times smaller than would be possible using today's most advanced lithography technique. Once the holes are formed, the carbon silicate glass is removed, creating a vacuum between the wires-known as the airgap.
Self-assembly is a concept scientists around the world have been studying as a potential technique to create materials useful for building computer chips. The concept occurs in nature every day. The major difference is, while the processes that occur in nature are all unique, IBM has been able to direct the self-assembly process to form trillions of holes that are all similar.
The self-assembly process was jointly invented between IBM's Almaden Research Center in San Jose, CA, and the T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown, NY. The technique was perfected for future commercial production at the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering of the University at Albany, within the world-class Albany NanoTech facilities, a research and development site in Albany, NY, and at IBM's Semiconductor Research and Development Center in East Fishkill, NY.


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Got a little Cabin Fever? Now is the Time to get ready for Trout! A little winter "cabin fever" can be turned into a great time that will pay big dividends when the trout are biting!
Boat Maintenance Basics
When most people think about owning a boat, they focus on the sunshine and pleasant days spent in quiet coves, catching that one great fish or the times spent with family tubing and waterskiing. What they don't think about is the time spent on the bilge cleaning, oil changes, winterizing and storage. Boat maintenance can be a daunting task, but it is a necessary part
Ladies Style & Warmth for this fall starts with a Vest!
Ladies Style & Warmth for this fall starts with a Vest! Any female will tell you that style and fashion are important…to a point. Some search only for that specific color in order
Don't Overlook your feet in Colder Temperatures!
The beginning of the debate is always the same: the sock drawer in the house is almost as scary as that hall closet
Now is the Time for Amazon Prime
Hard to believe, but the holidays are rapidly approaching! Now is the time to start exploring the best options and programs for online shopping
Born in America: The History of Evinrude Engines – The First Outboard
Born in America: The History of Evinrude Engines – The First Outboard Ole Evinrude was born on a farm in Norway on April 19, 1877, one of eleven children born to Andrew and Beatta Evinrude. At the age of five, Ole moved, by ship with his family to America, settling in Cambridge, Wisconsin. […]
Dove Recipes for Every Part of the Feast
Dove recipes come in all forms – from fancy to family dinners. From grilled to sautéed to Grandma's "best of the best" meals, the dove can be the star of many main courses. But…let us begin with the appetizer portion. There are many dishes out there that can be used for this part of the feast, but when it comes to dove meat, there is one recipe – the Pan-Fried Dove Appetizer – that is heralded by many as being the best…although the Dove Kabobs come in a close second.
September in Maine: Get Out the Fishing Pole!
Fish love Maine in the fall. For the majority of species, September is the month that calls for them to migrate, spawn and eat. Which, of course, calls out to the fisherman and woman to get out the fishing pole!
Targeting Wahoo In The Panhandle Region With Capt. Pat Dineen
If you're going to find wahoo on a regular basis during the summer months, you're going to have to cover a lot of water. That's how you find the floating objects that are holding fish when there's not a lot of defined rips or current edges to work.
A Day In The Life of Jonny, Blackdog Cats
For Jonny, a life based around music and marine pursuits come together daily. From his work in design and supervising the workshop at Blackdog Cat boat builder, to his leisure time, which is spent on board his 17-foot boat on the waters surrounding Northland New Zealand's Whangarei Heads – Jonny loves having his StereoActive as an accompaniment to his adventures.


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SW Idaho vets volunteer to care for burned bear
BOISE, Idaho – Veterinary hospitals across southwestern Idaho are volunteering to care for a black bear cub rescued from a wildfire burning in the eastern Idaho backcountry.
The bear nicknamed "Boo Boo" needs daily care for second-degree burns on all four paws. Mark Drew, a veterinarian with the state Department of Fish and Game, said he is checking into a handful of facilities and hopes to pick a place for the bear soon.
The cub needs his bandages changed every day for at least four to six weeks to heal.
Boo Boo weighs about 25 pounds and is estimated to be 4 months old. He was discovered Sunday night clinging to a tree in a region recently scorched by a massive wildfire near Salmon. Efforts to find the bear's mother were unsuccessful, officials said.
The cub likely hadn't eaten for at least four days and couldn't really walk when he was found, the Idaho Statesman reports (http://bit.ly/NYVBdQ ). Officials had wanted to rehabilitate the bear at a wildlife sanctuary in McCall, but the extent of the burns requires more intensive care.
Boo Boo's story is not unlike the tale of Smokey Bear, a cub that became a national symbol for fire prevention after he was found in a charred tree taking refuge from a New Mexico blaze in 1950. He was also treated for burned paws.
In Idaho, state wildlife officials report they've been flooded with calls from people wanting to help Boo Boo and that once they pick a veterinary hospital, they will let the public know how they can donate for the cub's care.
Information from: Idaho Statesman, http://www.idahostatesman.com


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Despite the increase in popularity for UC conferencing devices, a high percentage of conference speakerphones sold today are still analog. If you are one of the many who are still looking to procure an analog conferencing speakerphone for your personal or small meeting uses then this post will give you a few options to consider.
Option 1: ClearOne Chat50 USB Plus
A personal speakerphone that connects to a variety of devices (including computers, telephones, mobile phones, MP3 players etc) for clear, full-duplex and hands-free communication. Being full-duplex, it lets you listen and talk at the same time without cutting in and out of audio. The sensitive microphone array has 120-degree audio pickup up to 8 feet away so you can talk comfortably. The ClearOne Chat50 also has built-in echo and noise cancellation to prevent unwanted noises.
For analog use, you would connect the Chat50 to your telephone's headset jack via the provided 2.5mm cable (it'll also connect with cell-phones). The Chat50 is small, slightly larger than a pack of cards so it takes up minimal footprint and is easy to take for travel. The Chat50 is recommended if you want a good quality, no-fuss, simple-to-use conferencing speakerphone with an economical price. The great thing about the ClearOne chat50 is you can also use it with your computer for webinars or Skype calls so it is more versatile.
Option 2: Konftel 100
Konftel 100 brings you a great conferencing solution for smaller meetings up to 6 people. This device uses Konftel's proprietary OmniSound HD technology which provides full-duplex natural sound. The 360-degree pick-up and reproduction let you walk and talk freely in the meeting space (up to 300 sqft range). The Konftel 100 also comes with ultra-sensitive omni-directional microphone with 3 built-in surround speakers to provide clear reception throughout the meeting space.
Konftel 100 comes with dial pad and call control (volume, mute, flash, conference etc) buttons right on the front of the unit so you can make and manage your conference calls easily. It plugs directly into your analog jack (bypassing the need of a separate deskphone), or to your phone system with an analog card via a modular 6/6, RJ11 port. Because Konftel 100 only connects via analog, this is recommend if you are looking for a dedicated analog conferencing solution that's practical, simple-to-use and is great quality. If you would like to try one out, there is currently a 30-day trial offer on Konftel conference phones.
Option 3: Polycom VoiceStation 300
A 3rd option would be the Polycom VoiceStation 300. Similar to Konftel 100 it provides 360-degree room coverage but only up to 7 feet in range. The Polycom VoiceStation 300 is more suited for personal and smaller conferencing with less than 4 participants. The VoiceStation's Dynamic Noise Reduction (DNR) actively removes background noises and Polycom's Acoustic Clarity technology delivers clear, natural 2-way conversations.
The VoiceStation 300 also comes with dial pad and call controls (volume, mute, flash, hold etc) buttons on the front of the device and a handset phone can be plugged in for a more private conversation. To use, simply connect the Polycom VoiceStation 300 into any analog phone jack. The Polycom VoiceStation 300 is recommended if you only need analog connection for smaller or personal conferences and are more comfortable going with the Polycom brand.
I hope the options above will help you get started in selecting your analog personal audio conference phone. If you're looking for a personal conferencing device for your computer webinars or bluetooth devices instead, look forward to our next blog post which will go over just that. If there are any questions please don't hesitate to leave a comment below or contact us at email@example.com.


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Final Destination movies are awesome. They have one of the creepiest premises around, the best death scenes, and, of course, some pretty cute leading men! Nicholas D'Agosto, who stars in , in theaters this Friday, August 12, dished to about shooting the 3D horror movie, bonding with the cast, and the scariest things that happened on set!
Final Destination 5CosmoGirl
CosmoGirl: What's going to set FD5 apart from the four before it?
Nicholas D'Agosto: For starters, Steve Quale [the director] is really well versed in 3D. He worked under James Cameron for Avatar and Titanic, so he's been doing this for a long time. Then there's the storyline. It's still your general Final Destination movie, but there are a couple of new twists, which I can't really talk about, that will be really interesting for the fans. At the same time, you still get the horror, the surprise, and the outrageous deaths that the fans have always loved. The cast is also really just amazing.
More From Seventeen
CG: How did you guys bond?
ND: We had an exceptional time together! It was really probably too much fun. We were having Sunday meals together, and a different person would cook each week. I did alright; I made a chicken pasta type thing... But Emma [Bell]'s a really great cook. We all created a real family up there.
CG: What's your favorite way someone bites the dust in any of the FD movies?
ND: My favorite one is in FD2 when there's an explosion outside the barbed wire fence. The fence flies and whips through the guy standing there, and he's severed into three different pieces. I don't really love the ones that are really torturous. The ones that come out of nowhere just have this creative imagination that's amazing.
CG: What's the scariest thing that happened while you were filming?
ND: We were at the big dinner before we started shooting with all the studio executives, actors, and directors. The head of New Line [Richard Brenner] was sitting at the end of the table. There was this wine room behind him that was separated by glass, but you could still see the bottles. All of a sudden, there's this huge crash, and one of the wine bottles from the top of the rack behind him fell and hit the ground. We saw this pool of red wine that looked like a pool of blood starting to form beneath his chair. It was such an ominous beginning!
CG: What's your biggest fear in real life?
ND: You know that thing when you're not asleep but you're not awake, and you can't move your body? I had that kind of nightmare, and I felt like all my teeth were crumbling in my mouth. Now I have this fear of all my teeth being knocked out of my mouth somehow!
CG: Any ladies in your life right now? If not, what do you look for in a girl?
ND: I'm not dating anyone right now! But I'm looking for someone very fun. You want someone who's willing to take chances and to be curious about stuff. I can be serious too, but I'm a goofy guy, so I like doing crazy things. I like going to museums and stuff, but I also like going out and doing lots of physical activity like camping and hiking. I like doing stuff that I've never done before. Curiosity is a big thing. Usually it means that people are intelligent and that they want to learn stuff about the world.
CG: What's your go-to flirting move when you meet a cute girl?
ND: When I meet a girl, I just sort of do really overexaggerated terrible dance moves... a lot of hip movements. I get them laughing, and get them to feel pity for me, and then they like me! Just kidding, but that probably has worked for me a few times... But really, I like to try and just be honest. Maybe I'll give a compliment at first if there's something that drew me to the girl. I try to ask a question and strike up a conversation.
What do you think? Would the funny dance moves work on you? Sound off in the comments!


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"I've considered myself a student of tequila for years, but never as a teacher or a guide even though I often find myself preaching in the tequila aisles of local liquor stores on the beauty of handcrafted, small batch, micro-distilled tequilas as if reciting lyrical haikus or bible verses."
M.A. "Mike" Morales discusses the similarities and differences between his father's legacy and his own. Click here to read more.


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Objections by the head of the American Indian Genocide Museum over a specialty license plate recognizing the Buffalo Soldiers raises some interesting questions.
African American leaders protested earlier this month when the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles considered a Confederate flag specialty plate considering the iconic image has been hijacked by various hate groups.
Steve Melendez, president of the American Indian Genocide Museum, doesn't think it's proper for the state of Texas to sanction a license plate honoring the "Buffalo Soldiers," who participated in the U.S. Cavalry's war against Native Americans in the Indian Wars.
Sen. Rodney Ellis, D-Houston, is sensitive to Melendez's criticism. Ellis spoke out against the Confederate license plate and applauded the Buffalo Soldiers plate. Ellis describes himself as a decsandent of African slaves and their slave owners who also has "a high percentage of Native American blood."
Ellis cited historical evidence of some Native American tribes siding with the Confederacy during the Civil War and also some tribes owning African slaves.
"There was some intermingling between African slaves and Native Americans," Ellis said.
Thomas Wilson of Houston is a history buff who sees irony in the opposition by African American leaders to the Confederate license plate while supporting the Buffalo Soldiers specialty plate.
"Freedom of speech is such a demanding mistress," Wilson said. "To restrict one person's freedom of speech might inhibit yours in the future. So you must be careful in how these restrictions are applied. You might not agree with that persons viewpoint, but he or she does have the right to state his or hers viewpoint and you have the right to walk away from it."
Wilson said he and other Texans should have the freedom to determine whether to choose a specialized Confederate license plate or a Buffalo Soldiers plate.
"History is not as cut and dry as some people would like to make you believe. History is made up of many twists and turns in the roads with many crisscrossing at several locations in that road and there are so many levels or layers of the truth being told that they are intertwining in the telling of these stories," he said.
Texas officials can reject a specialty license plate if the design triggers objections, according to a provision in the state's transportation code. The proposed Sons of Confederate license plate produced 387 official favorable comments, while 442 others objected to the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles. Progress Texas also delivered some 22,000 petition signatures against the proposed Confederate specialty plate.
The American Indian Genocide Museum did not lodge any objection because Melendez said he was not aware of the proposed Buffalo Soldiers plate.
Confederate soldiers who carried the confederate flag into battle were fighting to uphold the institution of slavery, he noted.
Soon after slaves were emancipated, Congress passed a law allowing blacks to join the military (in 1866) and to fight in the Indian wars.
"For a people to come out of 200 years of subjugation and exploitation and slavery and then join the U.S. Cavalry to fight the Indians is not something they should be proud of," Melendez said.
Melendez said he may now apply for a specialty license plate to help draw attention and raise money for the American Indian Genocide Museum.
But he also wondered if "people are ready to hear what our museum has to say? I think the truth hurts too much."
Texans probably will see more specialty license plates in the months and years to come.
There are three ways in which Texans can apply for specialty plates. The Legislature can pass a bill authorizing a specialty plate. A state agency can sponsor a specialty plate, which the State General Land office (Land Commissioner Jerry Patterson) did in the case of the Confederate flag and Buffalo Soldier plates.
Texas lawmakers also created an exclusive vendor arrangement two years ago in an effort to sell more specialty license plates. Texans can apply for specialty plates through MyPlates.com
"Our job is to wake people up and say, 'hey, look at this cool, hot pink plate. Do you like that on your car?" said Kim Drummond, public relations manager for MyPlates.com
The company now features 140 different specialty license plates, adding nine more choices last week – including plates for Notre Dame and Florida State universities.
"People are passionate about their schools they attended," she said. "Our charge from the Legislature is to find out what people get excited about in specialty license plates."
Groups or organizations promoted on the license plate get 10 percent of the revenue with 35 percent flowing into the state's general revenue, she said. MyPlates.com keeps about 50 percent with the remainder going to the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles and to county tax collector-assessor offices for administrative expenses.
Specialty license plates first arrived in Texas in the mid-1990s. They have generated more than $130 million to the state's general revenue fund since then.
The 10 most popular specialty license plates in Texas through the 2010 fiscal year:
1. Animal Friendly ……………………..16,725
2. State of the Arts ……………………..16,421
3. Horned Lizard ……………………….12,245
4. Texas A&M …………………………..7,425
5. Bluebonnet……………………………6,035
6. UT-Austin……………………………..4,838
7. Dallas Cowboys……………………….4,657
8. God Bless America…………………… 4,570
9. Texas Tech University…………………3,761
10. Native Texan………………………….3,707
11. White-tailed Deer……………………..3,228
NOTE: The list does not include specialty plates processed by MyPlates.com – authorized by the Texas Legislature in 2009 to market specialty plates for Texas. MyPlates.com's operation began before many sales could be recorded in the 2010 fiscal year. MyPlates.com now offers 140 plate designs. The most popular specialty plate from MyPlates.com is Lone Star Black. Nearly 18,500 Lone Star Black specialty plates have sold since MyPlates.com began its marketing services for the state of Texas in November 2009.


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South Carolina Code of Laws
Title 15 - Civil Remedies and Procedures
SECTION 15-37-10. Costs generally.
In every civil action commenced or prosecuted in the courts of record in this State, except cases in chancery, the attorneys for the plaintiff or defendant shall be entitled to recover costs and disbursements of the adverse party as prescribed in Sections 15-37-20, 15-37-60, 15-37-70, and 15-37-120 to 15-37-160, and Chapter 21 of Title 8, Article 3 of Chapter 11 of Title 14, Chapter 19 of Title 14, Article 7 of Chapter 23 of Title 14, Chapter 19 of Title 19, Chapter 7 of Title 22, Article 3 of Chapter 9 of Title 22, and Article 1 of Chapter 19 of Title 23, such costs to be allowed as of course to the attorneys for the plaintiff or defendant and all officers of the court thereto entitled accordingly as the action may terminate and to be inserted in the judgment against the losing party. In cases in chancery the same rule as to costs shall prevail unless otherwise ordered by the court.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1601; 1952 Code Section 10-1601; 1942 Code Section 756; 1932 Code Section 756; Civ. C. '22 Section 5721; Civ. P. '22 Section 623; Civ. C. '12 Section 4204; Civ. P. '12 Section 361; Civ. C. '02 Section 3096; Civ. P. '02 Section 323; G. S. 2425; R. S. 2547; 1870 (14) 498 Section 335; 1883 (18) 449; 1892 (21) 30.
SECTION 15-37-20. Costs allowed only to successful party.
No costs shall be allowed to any party unless he succeed, in whole or in part, in his claim or defense, unless otherwise directed by the judge hearing the cause.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1602; 1952 Code Section 10-1602; 1942 Code Section 757; 1932 Code Section 757; Civ. C. '22 Section 5723; Civ. C. '12 Section 4206; Civ. C. '02 Section 3097; R. S. 2548; 1897(22) 429.
SECTION 15-37-30. Interest from time of verdict or report.
When the judgment is for the recovery of money, interest from the time of the verdict or report until judgment be finally entered shall be computed by the clerk and added to the costs of the party entitled thereto.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1605; 1952 Code Section 10-1605; 1942 Code Section 761; 1932 Code Section 761; Civ. P. '22 Section 626; Civ. P. '12 Section 364; Civ. P. '02 Section 325; 1870 (14) 498 Section 336.
SECTION 15-37-40. Clerk shall insert costs and disbursements in judgment.
The clerk shall insert in the entry of judgment, on the application of the prevailing party upon five days' notice to the other except when the attorneys reside in the same city, village or town and then upon two days' notice, the sum of the allowances for costs and disbursements as provided by law and the necessary disbursements, including the fees of officers allowed by law, the fees of witnesses, the reasonable compensation of commissioners in taking depositions, the fees of referees and the expense of printing the papers for any hearing when required by a rule of the court. The disbursements shall be stated in detail and verified by affidavit. A copy of the items of the costs and disbursements shall be served with a notice of adjustment.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1606; 1952 Code Section 10-1606; 1942 Code Section 762; 1932 Code Section 762; Civ. P. '22 Section 627; Civ. P. '12 Section 365; Civ. P. '02 Section 326; 1870 (14) 498 Section 337.
SECTION 15-37-50. Limitation on costs when tort judgment is less than one hundred dollars.
When in an action for assault, battery, false imprisonment, libel, slander, malicious prosecution, alienation of affections, or seduction or in any other action for damages for a tort the amount recovered is less than one hundred dollars, the total amount of costs and disbursements may not exceed the amount so recovered in the action.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1607; 1952 Code Section 10-1607; 1942 Code Section 756; 1932 Code Section 756; Civ. C. '22 Section 5721; Civ. P. '22 Section 623; Civ. C. '12 Section 4204; Civ. P. '12 Section 361; Civ. C. '02 Section 3096; Civ. P. '02 Section 323; G. S. 2425; R. S. 2547; 1870 (14) 498 Section 335; 1883 (18) 449; 1892 (21) 30; 1988 Act No. 391, Section 4.
SECTION 15-37-60. Costs in certain small partition and foreclosure cases.
The costs allowed by law in all cases of partition in which the property sought to be partitioned does not exceed one thousand dollars in value and in actions for foreclosure of a mortgage when the amount claimed does not exceed five hundred dollars shall be one half of the costs allowed in cases when the value exceeds those sums, and this provision shall apply to all costs in the cause.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1608; 1952 Code Section 10-1608; 1942 Code Section 757; 1932 Code Section 757; Civ. C. '22 Section 5723; Civ. C. '12 Section 4206; Civ. C. '02 Section 3097; R. S. 2548; 1897 (22) 429.
SECTION 15-37-80. Costs on postponement of trial.
When an application shall be made to a court or referee to postpone a trial the payment to the adverse party of a sum not exceeding ten dollars, besides the fees of witnesses, may be imposed as the condition of granting the postponement.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1610; 1952 Code Section 10-1610; 1942 Code Section 763; 1932 Code Section 763; Civ. P. '22 Section 628; Civ. P. '12 Section 366; Civ. P. '02 Section 327; 1870 (14) 499 Section 340.
SECTION 15-37-90. Costs on motion.
Costs may be allowed on a motion, in the discretion of the court or judge, not exceeding ten dollars, and may be absolute or directed to abide the event of the action.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1611; 1952 Code Section 10-1611; 1942 Code Section 764; 1932 Code Section 764; Civ. P. '22 Section 629; Civ. P. '12 Section 367; Civ. P. '02 Section 328; 1870 (14) 499 Section 341.
SECTION 15-37-100. Costs on review of decision of inferior court in special proceeding.
When the decision of a court of inferior jurisdiction in a special proceeding, including appeals from probate courts, shall be brought before the circuit court for review such proceeding shall, for all purposes of costs, be deemed an action at issue on a question of law from the time the proceeding shall be brought into court, and costs thereon shall be awarded and collected as provided by law.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1612; 1952 Code Section 10-1612; 1942 Code Section 767; 1932 Code Section 767; Civ. P. '22 Section 632; Civ. P. '12 Section 370; Civ. P. '02 Section 331; 1870 (14) 499 Section 344.
SECTION 15-37-110. Adjustment of costs in interlocutory and special proceedings.
Whenever it shall be necessary to adjust costs in any interlocutory proceeding in an action or in any special proceedings, they shall be adjusted by the judge before whom the proceeding may be heard or the court before which the proceeding may be decided or pending or in such other manner as the judge or court may direct.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1613; 1952 Code Section 10-1613; 1942 Code Section 762; 1932 Code Section 762; Civ. P. '22 Section 627; Civ. P. '12 Section 365; Civ. P. '02 Section 326; 1870 (14) 499 Section 337.
SECTION 15-37-120. Costs for mileage.
No constructive mileage shall be allowed, but in all cases costs for mileage shall only be taxed for the number of miles actually traveled.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1614; 1952 Code Section 10-1614; 1942 Code Section 757; 1932 Code Section 757; Civ. C. '22 Section 5723; Civ. C. '12 Section 4206; Civ. C. '02 Section 3097; R. S. 2548; 1897 (22) 429.
SECTION 15-37-130. Costs for references.
Costs for references shall only be taxed for the number of days which the master shall certify to have been unavoidably necessary, and no costs shall be taxed for references in which no testimony has been taken or argument had.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1615; 1952 Code Section 10-1615; 1942 Code Section 757; 1932 Code Section 757; Civ. C. '22 Section 5723; Civ. C. '12 Section 4206; Civ. C. '02 Section 3097; R. S. 2548; 1897 (22) 429.
SECTION 15-37-140. Costs to master, special master or referee.
The master, special master or referee shall be entitled to not less than twenty-five dollars for each reference, and the work of one day shall constitute a reference, without regard to the number of claims presented and passed upon.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1616; 1952 Code Section 10-1616; 1942 Code Section 757; 1932 Code Section 757; Civ. C. '22 Section 5723; Civ. C. '12 Section 4206; Civ. C. '02 Section 3097; R. S. 2548; 1897 (22) 429; 1972 (57) 2355.
SECTION 15-37-160. Costs on uncontested claims.
No costs shall be allowed for proving uncontested claims; except for the days in which the court, master or referee is occupied in taking proof for or against such claim.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1618; 1952 Code Section 10-1618; 1942 Code Section 757; 1932 Code Section 757; Civ. C. '22 Section 5723; Civ. C. '12 Section 4206; Civ. C. '02 Section 3097; R. S. 2548; 1897 (22) 429; 1972 (57) 2534.
SECTION 15-37-170. Costs against infant plaintiff.
When costs and disbursements are adjudged against an infant plaintiff the guardian by whom he appeared in the action shall be responsible therefor, and payment thereof may be enforced by attachment.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1619; 1952 Code Section 10-1619; 1942 Code Section 765; 1932 Code Section 765; Civ. P. '22 Section 630; Civ. P. '12 Section 368; Civ. P. '02 Section 329; 1870 (14) 499 Section 342.
SECTION 15-37-180. Costs against fiduciaries.
In an action prosecuted or defended by an executor, administrator, trustee of an express trust or a person expressly authorized by statute costs shall be recovered as in an action by and against a person prosecuting or defending in his own right. But such costs shall be chargeable only upon or collected of the estate, fund, or party represented unless the court shall direct the costs to be paid by the plaintiff or defendant personally for mismanagement or bad faith in such action or defense.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1620; 1952 Code Section 10-1620; 1942 Code Section 766; 1932 Code Section 766; Civ. P. '22 Section 631; Civ. P. '12 Section 369; Civ. P. '02 Section 330; 1870 (14) 499 Section 343.
SECTION 15-37-190. Costs against assignee after action brought.
In actions in which the cause of action shall, by assignment after the commencement of the action or in any other manner, become the property of a person not a party to the action such person shall be liable for the costs and disbursements in the same manner as if he were a party, and payment thereof may be enforced by attachment.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1621; 1952 Code Section 10-1621; 1942 Code Section 770; 1932 Code Section 770; Civ. P. '22 Section 635; Civ. P. '12 Section 373; Civ. P. '02 334; 1870 (14) 500 Section 347.
SECTION 15-37-200. Costs in action prosecuted by the State.
In all civil actions prosecuted in the name of the State by an officer duly authorized for that purpose the State shall be liable for costs in the same cases and to the same extent as private parties. If a private person be joined with the State as plaintiff he shall be liable in the first instance for the defendant's costs, which shall not be recovered of the State until after execution issued therefor against such private party shall have been returned unsatisfied.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1622; 1952 Code Section 10-1622; 1942 Code Section 768; 1932 Code Section 768; Civ. P. '22 Section 633; Civ. P. '12 Section 371; Civ. P. '02 Section 332; 1870 (14) 499 Section 345.
SECTION 15-37-210. Costs in action prosecuted in name of the State.
In an action prosecuted in the name of the State for the recovery of money or property or to establish a right of claim for the benefit of any county, city, town, village, corporation or person costs awarded against the plaintiff shall be a charge against the party for whose benefit the action was prosecuted and not against the State.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1623; 1952 Code Section 10-1623; 1942 Code Section 769; 1932 Code Section 769; Civ. P. '22 Section 634; Civ. P. '12 Section 372; Civ. P. '02 Section 333; 1870 (14) 499 Section 346.
SECTION 15-37-220. Officers may take out execution for costs.
Whenever a case may be (a) settled or determined at the mutual costs of parties or (b) discontinued or settled by plaintiff, or whenever (a) the judgment shall be for defendant or (b) the execution against the defendant shall be returned nulla bona, any of the officers entitled to receive any portion of such costs may issue an execution for his costs, or the clerk may issue for the whole, directed to the sheriff who shall execute such process as in other cases of execution delivered to him.
HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10-1624; 1952 Code Section 10-1624; 1942 Code Section 760; 1932 Code Section 760; Civ. P. '22 Section 625; Civ. P. '12 Section 363; Civ. P. '02 Section 324; 1878 (16) 631.


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29 Mar 2006
Can We Use Fear as a Motivator for Change?
I gave a talk in Kingsbridge in Devon on Sunday, the sequel to a screening of The End of Suburbia that my friend Naresh presented last week. I began my talk by asking how many people there had seen the film. 90% of hands went up. "How was it?" I asked. A long silence. "Shocking" said one man. People had had a fairly sleepless week between the film and my talk. I'm sure those of you who have shown the film will be familiar with this reaction. It raises the very important question, which I want to explore in this piece, to what extent should we use fear as a tool to motivate change in people?
It is a question that has been floating around over the last week for me. I gave a talk at Schumacher College last week (I hope to be able to post an mp3 of that soon), which was attended by Satish Kumar, the editor of Resurgence Magazine. After my talk we were chatting, and he said that although he enjoyed the talk, he felt that it was not right to use the fear of peak oil to try and motivate people to change. He said that he had been around since the 1950s, and that then people tried to use fear of nuclear waste to get people to change, in the 60s it was fear of chemical pollution, in the 70s it was the fear of nuclear power, in the 80s nuclear bombs and so on… . All of those positions tried to terrify people into change and none of them really worked.
His view was that we should be helping people towards values of compassion and peacefulness, as a positive step, not because people are scared of the consequences but rather because they can see the benefits of doing so. I replied that I didn't see that the talk I do as being about scaring people, rather informing them. I find when I give talks that people are already aware that something is acutely wrong with energy, but have heard all kinds of conflicting stories and rumours, what I try to do is to set out the situation as best I can. As I have said before here, I don't see the disastrous peak oil scenarios as inevitable, rather they act like the Ghost of Christmas Future, showing us how things will be unless we respond and create something better.
My sense is that what Satish was alluding to as 'fear' is the moment when the scale of the problem and the challenge REALLY sinks in . A few days after I first showed the End of Suburbia, followed by a talk by Colin Campbell, to my students at Kinsale FEC, someone asked me "what's wrong with all your students? They looked ill all week". That moment of really grasping the enormity of the challenge was not a comfortable place, neither for me nor my students. Although often criticised for containing no solutions, I think that is the film's strength, that it doesn't leave any room for comfort or easy answers, rather it leaves you in that place.
Although it is uncomfortable, and for some, upsetting, to grasp the scale of the peak oil challenge, I have no problems with taking people there, so long as we can also offer solutions. Most spiritual traditions aim to help people to experience the fact that what we grasp as being 'reality' is not such at all. In Buddhism, the tradition I am most familiar with, the realisation of emptiness, that all phenomena do not exist independently but are created from projections in our own minds, which we then label and create attachment to, is one thing to realise intellectually, but it is said that for some people, the moment of actually grasping it can be terrifying, the moment when all that we have always held to be real turns out to have been illusory. Most spiritual traditions talk of the 'dark night of the soul' where we have to face up to uncomfortable realities, Jesus too had his 40 days and nights in the wilderness.
My sense is that we cannot shy away from that place of grasing the reality of our situation. To do so would be to promote denial. I don't see helping people develop an awareness of peak oil as promoting fear. To say we are all doomed, peak oil is inevitable and you can do nothing about it, promotes fear, and then leaves people in a place where they can do nothing, promoting powerlessness and apathy.
Similarly, James Lovelock's recent talk about climate change, where he said "nothing you can do can have any effect, we are all finished", promotes fear, and leaves no way forward. It is the same between a religious tradition which says "you WILL go to hell unless you do EXACTLY what we say", and one which promotes self-discovery and inner awakening, even though that process may involve having to sit with some uncomfortable realisations occasionally. To say "here is a problem, this is the extent of it, but here is what we can do", strikes me as not promoting fear at all, rather the opposite, offering a way forward through what most people feel on a deep level, to be profoundly uncertain times.
It is interesting to see what the academic literature has to say on it, as part of the paper I am preparing for my Masters, I came across one entitled "Psychological Contributions to Achieving an Ecologically Sustainable Future for Humanity" by Stuart Oskamp, which was published in the Journal of Social Issues, Vol 56, No. 3 in 2000. He writes;
>"research studies on appeals to fear have shown that they are most likely to change people's behaviour under two conditions:
>(1) if people are aware of clear steps they can take to protect themselves and
>(2) if these steps are conveniently available …
>Unfortunately, because of the nature of environmental problems, neither of these conditions is easily met:
>* Environmental problems are large, so people feel they can do little on their own
>* Environmental problems are long term, so there are no immediate solutions
In other words, with a more immediate challenge like peak oil, which can be presented in such a way (ie. an Energy Descent Plan process) that people become engaged and motivated, to use fear as an initial stimulus is OK. My sense is that we cannot shy away from helping people have what one might call their "End of Suburbia" moment. For some it is harder than others. However, once you have been there and felt that, there is really no way back. In the same way that a true insight into the nature of emptiness, or the non-existence of the ego profoundly alter what we believe to be real, obtaining that insight into the transitory nature of the world that cheap oil has made possible is an essential step. Once we can see that this fragile system only functions because we give it our support, and that, to coin the old phrase, "civilisation is only 3 meals deep", we emerge blinking into seeing the world around us in a very different way.
What is essential though is that our work as peak oil activists doesn't stop just at taking people to that place, we have to help them through it, and then work with them to build a new culture on the other side. Helping people through that transition has been at the base of Joanna Macy's work (I'm doing a course with her this summer which I am very much looking forward to), and also in the 'Heart of Peak Oil' workshop that Adam Fenderson wrote about so well on Energy Bulletin the other day. There is an implicit responsibility in spreading the word about peak oil to help people through that place. While I agree with Satish that leaving people in a fearful place with no way out is counterproductive, I feel that the urgency of the situation requires new approaches, and that what is emerging from the peak oil movement is very exciting. Perhaps rather than fear, we can come to see it as facilitating people to gain insight into the ultimate illusory nature of our society to which we have developed so much attachment during our lives? While for some this insight may be fearful, ultimately it can do only good, and we should not shy away from facilitating that.
What do you think?


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The next release of WiMax is coming, and some industry heavy hitters have lined up to support the backwards-compatible 802.16m standard. The group, calling themselves the WiMAX 2 Collaboration Initiative (WCI), is pushing interoperability in the new protocol, basically hoping to scoot things along a little faster to aid in the 4G arms race against LTE. Noticeably absent from the group? Current WiMax superstars Sprint and Clearwire, who made it clear at this year's CTIA that they'll happily jump ship to LTE if and when it's necessary.
Industry Leaders Announce Initiative to Accelerate Interoperable WiMAX 2 Solutions built upon IEEE 802.16m
Building upon the success of WiMAX Release 1, industry leaders announce the creation of the WiMAX 2 Collaboration Initiative (WCI) to accelerate the WiMAX 2 ecosystem
TAIPEI, Taiwan—(BUSINESS WIRE)—Leading WiMAX silicon suppliers, equipment makers and research organizations have announced a new initiative to accelerate interoperability of the next release of WiMAX technology, WiMAX 2, based upon the IEEE 802.16m standard. 802.16m builds upon 802.16e by adding new capabilities while maintaining backward compatibility. It meets the International Telecommunications Union requirements for 4G or "IMT-Advanced," delivering higher system capacity – peak rates of more than 300 Mbps – lower latency and increased VoIP capacity. The performance gains will enable WiMAX operators to keep up with the explosion in demand for rich, multimedia mobile applications and devices which increasingly require high speed, on-the-go connectivity.
The 802.16m air interface standard definition began in 2006 in the IEEE as a follow-on to 802.16e, and is expected to be completed in the 2nd half of 2010.
As the 4G wireless broadband industry begins to take shape, it is imperative to evolve the industry model to create a better value chain for service providers. With this goal in mind, leading WiMAX vendors Alvarion, Beceem, GCT Semiconductor, Intel, Motorola, Samsung, Sequans, XRONet and ZTE as well as the Taiwanese research organization, ITRI, have launched the WiMAX 2 Collaboration Initiative (WCI). The group will work closely with the WiMAX Forum to accelerate the implementation of interoperable system profiles for WiMAX 2 equipment and devices with the goal of improving the economics of mobile broadband. The objectives of the group include:
* Technology collaboration and joint performance benchmarking;
* Joint testing of 4G applications over WiMAX 2 solutions;
* Early network level interoperability testing;
* Plugfests to prepare for WiMAX Forum certification.
"The Taiwanese device manufacturing ecosystem is already providing all manner of clients today – standalone modems, USB dongles, embedded modules for PCs, mobile Internet devices, handsets and CE devices - for Release 1 of WiMAX," said Dr. Cheng-Wen Wu, General Director of Information & Communications Research Laboratories and VP of ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute). "ITRI has demonstrated great dedication to developing WiMAX technology and will strongly support early commercialization of 802.16m."
"UQ is very pleased with the creation of the 802.16m Collaboration Group. UQ believes WCI will contribute to accelerate build up of the 802.16m ecosystem. UQ has a strong intention to upgrade its network to 802.16m to provide an even higher level of mobile broadband services to our customers," said Dr. Fumio Watanabe, CTO of UQ Communications, Inc."
The WiMAX industry is seeing a non-linear shift in mobile broadband usage models – similar in magnitude to that experienced when people went from dial-up to broadband. Consumers on some WiMAX networks are consuming 7-10 GB of data per month. WiMAX 1 ushered in a new, open model for high speed, wireless Internet and WiMAX 2 will keep pushing the envelope to help operators keep up with insatiable demand.
"The wireless industry is convinced that the growing volume of data consumers are eating up is a bad thing," said Mike Sievert, Chief Commercial Officer, Clearwire. "But for us, our spectrum position gives us tremendous capacity and the ability to meet the explosive demand for mobile broadband. Today our CLEAR mobile customers are using an average of more than 7GB of data per month on our network. And while other companies are considering how to curtail usage, we simply say to our customers, here's the Internet: the world in the palm of your hand – enjoy it."
"These improvements are a great forward step for the WiMAX community in meeting the capacity demands of 4G customers all over the world," said Iyad Tarazi, Vice President of Network Development at Sprint.
The group will issue detailed milestones and delivery schedules within the next 3-6 months with the goal to support the WiMAX Forum's readiness to certify commercial products by late 2011. The group includes the top suppliers of WiMAX silicon and equipment, providing solutions to more than one hundred Mobile WiMAX operators worldwide.


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If you follow me on Twitter you know I've been working on a new project for a bit now. I wanted it to gather up a bit of steam before I posted about it here…and it's about that time.
I started up Websec.io with the hopes that it could provide articles about current trends in web security and look forward to some of the things coming down the line. Given that I'm a PHP developer by trade, a lot of the content is PHP-focused right now. I hope that in the future it can branch out. It will always stay developer-focused. As Pádraic Brady mentioned in a recent post of his, security isn't just something to be considered from the outside in (preventing attackers and their requests). It's also required for the developers of the applications to keep security principles in mind when developing their features.
By following some of the ideas behind the Defense in Depth theory, developers can harden their applications to make it harder for would-be attackers to find those gaps. If a developer's doing their job right, they're thinking like an attacker at the same time as writing code.
This, hopefully, is where Websec.io can help out. With developer-centric articles, my hope is that it can not only raise awareness about the large security knowledge gap most developers seem to have but can also provide some good solutions for them in the future.
There's already quite a few articles posted over there (including some from other authors like Jeremy Cook and David Müller) on a wide range of topics like:
- Custom error/exception handling for prevention of information leakage
- Data filtering and sanitization
- Working with Content Security Policies
- Preventing XXE injections in PHP
- Two articles about to items from the OWASP Top Ten – XSS and Authentication/Session Management
I've recently posted a tutorial showing how to use a new offering in the security space from Mozilla – their Persona service – with PHP and jQuery
If you're interested in learning a bit more about how you as a developer can be "security minded" in your development, you should head over and check it out. It's also open for submissions, so feel free to let me know if you'd like to contribute!


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June 22, 2011
Dear Fellow Members of the Columbia Community:
I am very pleased to announce that Carlos J. Alonso will assume the duties of
Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences on a permanent basis, a position
he has filled admirably as interim dean since September of last year. In
that role, Carlos has demonstrated sensitivity to a range of academic concerns
and a determination to advance our institutional goals. His continuing
leadership will be extremely valuable in building on Columbia's great legacy of
graduate education.
Carlos has helped lead Columbia in a variety of academic and administrative
capacities since arriving here from the University of Pennsylvania in
2005. As chair of the department of Latin American and Iberian Cultures,
he succeeded in elevating that department to the top ranks among its peers
For as long as Columbia has been recognized for its academic excellence, our
reputation has been due first and foremost to the quality of our accomplished
faculty. The Arts and Sciences always have been, and remain, central to
our academic calling of pursuing answers to important questions and then
leaving to subsequent generations the gift of new knowledge and insight.
With the benefit of Carlos's stewardship, we can be confident that these proud
Columbia traditions will continue. I also must recognize and thank Nick
Dirks, Executive Vice President for the Arts and Sciences and Dean of the
Faculty, for guiding us through this transition and leading the search
committee for the new dean.
Please join me in congratulating Carlos Alonso and wishing him success as Dean
of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
Lee C. Bollinger


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From Jennette Mullaney for thehighline.org/blog – In recognition of the extraordinary generosity of The Diller – von Furstenberg Family Foundation, Friends of the High Line and the New York City Department of Parks & Recreation are pleased to share the news that High Line Headquarters, our new maintenance and operations hub, will be named The Diller – von Furstenberg Building.
Located at the southern end of the High Line, adjacent to the future Whitney Museum of American Art, The Diller – von Furstenberg Building will be at the heart of everything we do. Designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop and Beyer Blinder and Belle to reflect the historic warehouses and factories of the Meatpacking District and West Chelsea, our new four-story home will provide crucial facilities to manage, maintain, and operate the High Line. In addition to providing essential amenities for visitors, such as our southern elevator and public restrooms, it will house our gardeners, maintenance workers, educators, administrators, and public program staff in a space designed to meet the unique challenges of operating a 1.5-mile park that floats 30 feet in the air.
The Diller – von Furstenberg family has played a crucial role in the development of the High Line, making a total of $35 million in gifts and pledges to the High Line since 2005, including a $20 million pledge in 2011 that was, at the time, the largest gift to a public park in New York City history. Barry, Diane, Alexander, and Tatiana have been profound champions of this innovative adaptive reuse project, and shared the following about their commitment to the High Line: "We are so proud to have been part of the impossible dream of turning an old railroad into a green ribbon of trees and peace for everyone to enjoy."
Today, with the public opening of the High Line at the Rail Yards scheduled for next year, we remain tremendously grateful to the Diller – von Furstenberg family for their steadfast support and dedication to our mission. We can think of no better way to acknowledge their special role in High Line history than at our future home: The Diller – von Furstenberg Building.
Watch the building's progress here:


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Infant wasn't South Beloit mom's first to die
EDITOR'S NOTE: This story has been modified to correct the spelling of the deceased children's names.
ROCKFORD — Lawyers for Kayla Lund continued to fight charges that she starved her infant son to death in September 2011, but couldn't stop Chief Judge Joseph McGraw from hearing testimony that revealed another of her infant children had died two years earlier.
Prosecutors say Lund's 7-week-old son Jaxon Betts died emaciated and starved Sept. 22, 2011, in South Beloit. Dr. Christopher Gianvecchio, a Beloit pediatrician, testified today that although Lund listed him as the baby's doctor, he had never examined Jaxon. Lund never brought him in for a scheduled well-baby check appointment.
Gianvecchio said he didn't know if his office called to remind or cajole Lund, 25, into bringing Jaxonto the appointment. But he said he remembers another of Lund's babies: Lukas Nalan who died June 9, 2009.
"What sticks out in my memory is that Lukas missed a well-child check and died the next day," Gianvecchio said.
Assistant Public Defenders Nick Zimmerman and Edward Light had objected to allowing any evidence or testimony regarding Lukas, his death and medical care of him and Lund's other two children. They argued it was irrelevant to the case concerning Jaxon's death.
Assistant Winnebago County State's Attorney Marilyn Hite Ross, criminal bureau chief, said the evidence was not offered to show "propensity," which she said would be improper. Rather, it was to show that Lund had the capacity to get her children to a doctor and knew when it was necessary to do so.
McGraw ruled he would allow a limited amount of the testimony regarding Lund's other children, but suggested it was of little value when determining Lund's guilt or innocence in the death of Jaxon.
In court documents, Winnebago County prosecutors say Lukas died after Lund failed to fill an albuterol prescription for Lukas who was diagnosed with asthma. An investigator from the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services ruled evidence in the case indicated the death was related to "medical neglect."
Neglect was also indicated in Jaxon's death.
The boy's father, Craig Betts, testified that Lund refused to allow him to bring Jaxon home with him for visits. Also the father of another one of Lund's children, Betts was permitted to care for the other child once a week. However Lund — ostensibly because she objected to the boy being around Betts' girlfriend, who called the baby a name in a Facebook post — wouldn't allow Jaxon to go home with Betts.
Betts only held Jaxon for a few minutes when he would pick up his other son. At those times Jaxon was fully clothed and wrapped in a blanket. Betts testified that he could not tell Jaxon had lost weight since his birth and had noticed anything unusual about him.
Born at more than 7 pounds, 4 ounces, Jaxon weighed about 4 pounds when he died, prosecutors said.
Lund's lawyers said that in the weeks before Jaxon died, Lund had reduced the amount of formula Jaxon was fed while increasing the number of feedings because he had a problem with throwing up his formula.
Prosecutors point out she never sought medical attention for the baby.
Jeff Kolkey: 815-987-1374; email@example.com; @jeffkolkey


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Japan's role play cafe's big hit
Sophie Hardach reports for Reuters Tokyo March 3rd.
about a new bar craze sweeping Japan.
At Edelstein boarding school, the schoolboys wear lip-gloss, the headmistress has a weakness for homoerotic comic books, and there is only one subject: how to serve female visitors.
Welcome to Tokyo's first schoolboy cafe, the latest in a flurry of eateries in Japan where customers and waiters role play themes from manga comics.
In keeping with the schoolboy theme, waiters with manicured hands and soft voices pretend to be teenage students, chatting and flirting with well-dressed Japanese women playing the roles of benefactresses visiting the school.
On a Saturday in January, the cafe, which opened late last year, was packed with giggling customers.
"Most of our customers are office ladies in their twenties and thirties, women who are fashionable but normal," said Emiko Sakamaki, Edelstein's 27-year-old manager, herself dressed in a loose mini-dress over skinny jeans and knee-high boots.
Edelstein is based on one of Sakamaki's favourite comic books, a 1970s cult classic about romance at a German school.
Its visitors are united by a passion for such "boy-love manga", or comics about boy-boy romance for female readers — a genre that is currently undergoing a huge revival in Japan.
Most boy-love manga feature dreamy, feminine-looking male characters. The same beauty ideal guides Sakamaki when she selects the waiters who talk about their pretend homework and studies at Edelstein.
"I'm in the flower arrangement club," whispers one girlish, long-haired waiter at the cafe, looking up from the book of German poetry he is reading.
Role-play cafes for men have long been popular in Tokyo. Most revolve around waitresses dressed as French maids and target "otaku" — geeky fans of comics and animation movies.
One of the reasons that role-play and dressing up are so popular in Japan is that they allow people to briefly escape the extreme social control and rigid norms of everyday life, anthropologists say.
The otaku market, from animation movies to computer games and accessories, totalled 187 billion yen (870,000 pounds) in 2007, according to entertainment research firm Media Create.
But recently, businesses have discovered another type of free-spending Japanese consumer: the female otaku, who tends to be better-looking, trendier, and more sociable than her male counterpart.
One of the defining feature of the female otaku is their love for manga comic books, especially boy-love manga.
"There are two reasons why this place is so popular. Firstly, this kind of cafe environment for women doesn't exist much in Tokyo," says Sakamaki, who also invented Tokyo's first "butler cafe" for females.
"And secondly," she adds, "there are now a lot of girls who like animation movies and comics."
Around 150 boy-love manga and magazines are published every month in Japan, according to Eureka, a literary magazine.
In the women's section of the Aoyama book shop, around the corner from Edelstein, the latest boy-love titles are stacked between books with saccharine pink covers promising sweet tales of pop stars and athletes.
The easily shocked should avoid taking a closer look.
The new generation of boy-love manga such as "All about J" and "Don't Say Anymore, Darling" features carefully drawn, often violent sex scenes, ranging from anal and oral sex to bondage and male gang rape.
Sakamaki sees the genre as a form of escapism.
"These types of people don't exist in reality, they only exist in comics," she says, referring both to the manga and to the kind of atmosphere she is trying to create at Edelstein.
"In boy-love comics, beautiful, fragile boys are often placed close to death. That gives them a shadow and makes them even more beautiful."
In a recent column in the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper, Kanta Ishida, a journalist specializing in manga, said the genre also offers an alternative to traditional gender roles in Japan.
The comics reflect "a yearning for relationships with interchangeable roles that are free from fixed ideas about gender," he wrote.
Over beer and fried pork at a bar in Tokyo's noisy and neon-lit Shibuya district, three Japanese aged around 30 talk about male and female otaku, or "fujoshi" as these women are also called — "rotten girls".
All three describe themselves as otaku, yet none of them fits the geeky cliche. Two are male magazine editors. One is a female assistant at a gallery owned by a fashion label.
Kana Satomi, the 28-year-old gallery assistant, recalls a recent visit to the Edelstein cafe.
"I went there with a group of friends, and we were talking to the waiters and to each other, saying — did you see that, that was cute — that kind of thing," she says.
Male otaku, on the other hand, tend to avoid communication as best as they can.
Sampling the fried pork, 30-year-old Takashi Kudo shares his own theory about the sudden excitement over female otaku.
"Male otaku became a huge business, and then that kind of marketing reached a limit. So the marketing companies wondered what they could do next," he said. "And then they discovered that fujoshi can also be big business."
Sakamaki, the schoolboy cafe manager who has tapped that market so successfully, is already onto her next idea: a cafe modelled along 1920s Japan. That would match another big trend among Japanese youth — nostalgia for pre-war Japan.


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As most will know by now, Judith Curry has started her own blog, Climate Etc. In a recent post entitled "doubt" she said some things that highly surprised me. Basically, she claims equal evidence for anthropogenic forcing and natural variability being responsible for "most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century":
As an example, my personal weights for the Italian flag are:
1. white 40% [uncertainty and unknowns]
2. green 30%, [evidence for anthropogenic forcing]
3. red 30%. [evidence against anthropogenic forcing]
Before posting this, I had an email conversation with Judith Curry about these issues (so as to minimize any misunderstanding on my part). She wrote back (reprinted with permission):
I think you are misunderstanding what the IPCC actually says. The statement says MOST (>50%) of the warming can be attributed to anthropogenic, with an confidence of very likely (>90%). My balance of 50-50 is a hair outside the IPCC range (which could include 51-49), and 1% difference is in the noise here. Most can imply 51% or 90%. I will be discussing the issue of attribution at length in a future point. But my main point in the doubt post is the size of the white area, which is bigger than 5-10% IMO.
So she would translate the IPCC statement in the Italian flag style as anywhere between
white: 10 -1
green: 46 – 89
red: 44 – 10
Her own estimate is not that far off (in terms of the ratio between green and red) from the most conservative IPCC statement (where "most" means "just a bit more than half"), except having a much greater estimate of the uncertainty (which is her main point). So she seems to interpret red and green as portions attributable to anthropogenic and natural forcing, whereas initially I had interpreted them as evidence for the statement at hand versus evidence against. Both makes sense, but both are different. Also, one could claim that the IPCC statement encapsulates the uncertainty in the fairly wide "most of the warming", i.e. it could still span a wide range, allowing for plenty of uncertainty. Similar as say, the weather in a week's time is very uncertain, but I can still say that it's very likely to be in between zero and thirty degrees C (being late september in Holland). These different interpretations make me doubt the usefulness of the Italian flag symbol to aid in clarifying (dis-)agreements.
Judith also claims equal evidence / equal portions of attribution for her "litmus test question":
Will the climate of the 21st century will be dominated by anthropogenic warming (green) or natural variability (solar, volcanoes, natural internal oscillations)?
which is the question with the greatest policy relevance, IMO. My scores on this one are
green 25%
white 50%,
red 25%.
This is astounding. I interpret this as claiming equal evidence pointing to natural variability being dominant over the next 90 years as compared to anthropogenic forcing. Or alternatively, an equal portion of 21st century climate change being attributable to human induced warming as to natural variability.
I've read quite a few "skeptical" papers that attempt to blame the warming on natural processes, and even if you'd take them as face value (even though in most cases they haven't stood up to scrutiny), their collective body of evidence is a molehill compared to the mountain of evidence pointing to the dominance of anthropogenic forcing.
In a comment, Judith points to a blog post at Skeptical Science, with graphs of several natural forcings (solar) and cycles (PDO, ENSO) for the past 25-30 years. They exerted a slight cooling effect over this period. In contrast, CO2 exerted a strong warming effect, and indeed, the temperature has gone up. That hardly qualifies as equal amounts of evidence pointing to the warming being natural versus anthropogenic.
For future warming, her pronouncement is even stranger. In all plausible scenario's, greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise for at least another few decades; in a business as usual scenario for many more to come. What natural forcing or variability could plausibly rival this relentlessly rising anthropogenic forcing in magnitude? Is there evidence at all for that being plausible? If so, is that evidence really as large as the evidence showing that greenhouse gas forcing will exceed the likely bounds of natural variability (if it hasn't already)?
Take a look at how the global average temperature has varied over the past 130 years (yearly averages with 11 year running mean in bold):
An indication of unforced natural variability is given by the year to year variation, amounting to 0.1 to 0.2 deg C on a yearly basis. As the Skeptical Science article shows, natural forcings can not explain the most recent warming, because they don't exhibit a trend of the needed direction or magnitude.
Now let's stipulate that it's all due to longer term natural variation (as opposed to a forcing) of an unspecified kind. What would that mean for the planetary energy balance? If internal variations would have been responsible for most of the planetary warming, the earth would be emitting more energy to outer space than it receives, resulting in a negative radiative imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (or the energy would have to come from other parts of the earth's system).
Neither is the case. It's actually opposite: There is a positive radiation imbalance and other reservoirs (e.g. oceans, cryosphere) are also gaining more energy.
And then we haven't even looked into the future yet. I recently posted this graph of two scenario's that plausibly bracket a business as usual trajectory (red) and a stringent emission reduction trajectory (blue). The measured temperature increase up to now (which according to most scientists is strongly impacted by anthropogenic emissions) is given by the black line.
Judith's estimates for the 21st century come down to a chance of warming of 0.25 + 0.75/2 = 0.625 versus a chance of cooling of 0.375, assuming natural factors having a 50% chance of either warming or cooling. So she deems the chance of warming to be roughly twice that of cooling, presumably even in a BAU scenario. Too bad that's too long of a timeframe to place a climate bet on.
Look at how much the red -and even the blue- projections will likely deviate from the recent temperatures. I sure hope that there will be some magical counteracting cooling effect, but I haven't seen any plausible evidence for such.
Postscript: From our email conversation, I understand her point of view better than before. But unlike the statement about the 20th century warming, which is not as far off from the IPCC as I had initially thought (except for the amount of uncertainty), her statement about the projected 21st century warming is hard for me to square with the mainstream scientific view, for which there is lots of evidence.
Tags: anthropogenic forcing, climate change, global warming, IPCC, Judith Curry, natural climate forcing, uncertainty


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June 15, 2011 -- Cooking with heart-healthy olive oil and using it for salad dressing may cut stroke risk, according to new research published online in Neurology.
In the new study, seniors who regularly used this healthy monounsaturated fat had a 41% lower risk of stroke compared to their counterparts who never used olive oil.
"This is the first study to suggest that greater consumption of olive oil may lower risk of stroke in older subjects, independently of other beneficial foods found in the Mediterranean diet," study author Cecilia Samieri, PhD, with the University of Bordeaux and the National Institute of Health and Medical Research in Bordeaux, France, says in an email.
So what exactly is it about olive oil that may lower stroke risk? There are several theories, she says. It may be that people choose olive oil over saturated, artery-clogging fats. "Moreover, previous research found that the polyphenols from virgin olive oil account specifically for its ability to lower oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)" or bad cholesterol. High cholesterol levels are a known risk factor for stroke.
The Study
Researchers analyzed the medical records of 7,625 people aged 65 and older from three French cities who had no history of stroke. Participants were categorized based on their olive oil intake. Study participants mainly chose extra virgin olive oil, which is widely available in France. During slightly more than five years of follow-up, there were 148 strokes.
It is too early to issue any broad public health recommendations about the use of olive oil for stroke protection. "These findings from an observational study should be confirmed by a randomized, controlled trial," Samieri says.
Researchers also looked at the blood levels of oleic acid in a subgroup of people and found that higher levels of oleic acid correlated with higher use of olive oil. Oleic acid, the main monounsaturated fat found in olive oil, is not a specific blood marker for olive oil use and could be elevated as a result of eating other foods such as butter and duck fat.
Too Early to Make Recommendations
This is one of very few studies that looks at olive oil intake and risk for neurologic diseases, including stroke, Nikolaos Scarmeas, MD, of Columbia University in New York City, says in an email. "Maybe olive oil improves vascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, obesity, which may in turn reduce stroke risk, or it may be that olive oil is anti-inflammatory or an antioxidant." Scarmeas writes an accompanying editorial.
"We do not know for sure, and we do not know which particular aspect of olive oil is the most relevant to stroke," he says. "Following a 'healthy diet' emerges as an important strategy for prevention of neurological disease, but remains to be proved."
Cathy A. Sila, MD, the George M. Humphrey II Professor of Neurology and the director of the Stroke & Cerebrovascular Center at the Neurological Institute Case Medical Center of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, says the benefits of diet and lifestyle choices in disease prevention are more important than ever, given the rising costs of health care.
She agrees with the study authors and editorialist that it is too early to make any recommendations about olive oil intake and stroke risk. She calls the findings "intriguing" but says they "do not equate a randomized clinical trial and should be used with appropriate caution in making broad recommendations."
Suzanne Steinbaum, DO, director of women and heart disease at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, says moderate use of olive oil in cooking and on bread may help protect against stroke in people older than 65.
"Olive oil is a healthy fat and it can reduce cholesterol and inflammation, and has been shown to help reduce the incidence of heart disease," she says. "Now, we see it may reduce stroke risk in people older than 65."
Keeping blood pressure controlled, not smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet that is low in salt and rich in fruits and vegetables can also help reduce stroke risk, she says.


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