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Meguiar's MotorEx 2014 Melbourne Coverage
For the first time in its history, Meguiar's MotorEx made its debut at Melbourne Showgrounds for 2014.
Over the weekend of the 19th and 20th of July, MotorEx drew a record-smashing crowd of over 28,000 Melbournites who were keen to see one of Australia's biggest automotive events much closer to home.
Spread over 3 Pavilions and an outdoor display; MotorEx provided enough content for visitors to explore over the entire weekend.
Spread among the show was a complex variety of vehicles on display, some cars on display included: burnout, pro-comp, street, exotic and custom build cars.
And boy, was it a good show!
I would like to personally thank Motoractive and Meguiar's for using Cad Photography as their official photographer for the weekend. It was tight meeting their hourly deadlines but we made it.
I was definitely glad to come home late Sunday night to crash on the couch and watch Fast and Furious (I'm sure I wasn't the only one that did).
Excluding the photos below, the rest you will find over at the MotorEx websites or Facebook page.
Strugglin Wagon and the other burnout cars on display drew a huge crowd.
MPW's NOSHOW reveal — a highlight of the show was the unveiling of the Freestyle Rides that drew a overwhelming crowd.
All the way from Queensland, In Envy was a very strong contender.
FATRX3 Mazda RX3 amazed the crowd as the lovely freestyle rides models pulled the covers.
This BEAST was fitted with a Jaguar V12 Engine! Hows that for different!?
Traders had a huge presence at MotorEx, particularly over in the Performance Garage pavilion where traders showcased some astonishing cars and products.
Liqui-Moly Ferrari dazzled the crowd as the team gave the accelerator a few taps.
Christopher Groves' REDVE8 VE Coupe 60 Replica that was representing BBOSS Australia, an amazing car which I have shot before. Congratulations mate.
Of course a mention must be made to Holden who had their jaw-dropping concept vehicles on display including the Holden Efijy and the Couple 60. The attention to detail and level of workmanship on these cars is astounding. As a staff-photographer I was able to get right up and close to the cars. Simply amazing.
The Dyno was going off all day, in particular this Ford Falcon YIA10W finished its run with the turbo smoking.
And how could we forget the lovely models and showgirls that were around supporting the whole event! Thanks ladies.
Please view the gallery below for more photos from Meguiar's MotorEx 2014.
For anyone that should need to get in contact with me, please contact me through here.
2011 Australia Melbourne International Motor Show
2011's Melbourne International Motor Show was a big hit this year and now after getting permission from my client I am now able to put up a selection of the best photos I took at the Motor Show.
The show was a big improvement as the emphasis on 'Green' vehicles seemed to take a step backwards and simply show off today's cars and what is coming in the future…
2011 ET Street's Modified Car Show at Caribbean Market Melbourne
While Sunday's weather may not have been the most ideal for a car show, ET Street's car show at the Caribbean Market in Victoria drew large crowds for its events size, bringing not only the avid car lover but many of the casual market shoppers in the area as well. Because of this it was interesting to see a very diverse range of people viewing the cars, which is something not often seen in an organized car event.
The event saw a range of vehicles primarily Holden Commodores and Nissan Skyline's but scattered around the area were a few other cars such as some Ford Falcon's, Audi's, Mercedes and even a Holden Barina.
Trip to 2011's Avalon Air Show in Melbourne – Photographs
I made a trip with a few friends to visit the Avalon Air Show 2011, in Melbourne on Friday 4th of March. Sadly, upon waking up we all saw the dreaded grey clouds covering the entire sky. The forecast was terrible: rain, black clouds, general unpleasantness but we all manned up and soldiered on and drove the long drive to Western Melbourne to the Air Show…
Upon reflection, coming on the worst day of the week (weather wise) was a fantastic idea, as there was essentially no effort to get to the front of the run way to get a great view of the live air action. When we looked at other peoples photo's from that weekend we were shocked to see how much more busy it was. If you're going for the spectacle of the live air show and acrobatics then definitely go on the potentially wettest day of the week. Perhaps if you would have preferred spending your day browsing through the show tents and displays among the large show grounds, it might be more ideal for one of the nicer days. Either way, just remember to bring a jacket because it got so cold.


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We can't help but draw comparisons between Julien Vidame's Parallel Bars Bookshelf—created from just a couple of pieces of plexiglass with strategically drilled holes and an array of anodized aluminum tubes— and that classic kids' game KerPlunk.
In fact, were it not for the fact that marbles are small enough to fit between the tubes on this shelf, we might even consider it an extra-large version of KerPlunk designed for grownups. But who says you have to play with marbles when baseballs seem like they'd be a perfect substitute here? And it's about time too, as we were getting tired of re-assembling our Jenga shelf after it comes crashing to the floor every few days. [Julien Vidame via Notcot]
Image courtesy Londonclanger/Wikipedia

subset: commoncrawl


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You are currently browsing the daily archive for December 19, 2007.
I wrote "Balancing" a year ago and the ". . . or Not" version in July, and still feel the same. Change feels threatening; even my familiar looks quite gawky when he molts.
Here's my latest Red Hook sugar mill ex-Revere Sugar space foto, looking like a war zone. Change–improvement or degradation– is threatening, generating equal stress levels. Names change too. Bay Ridge, for example, used to be Gelen Hoek ("yellow hook" in Dutch for the mud color) and the Indians called it something else before that.
Recently the NY Times ran a story about an impending name change for the Molly Pitcher rest area on the New Jersey Turnpike. No! Please. Molly Pitcher sparked my interest in history in sixth grade. Several unforgettable Mollys have enriched my inner life since then. Ships attract me in part for their names; Surfer Rosa, featured earlier this year, is poetry in steel. See the bridge below and imagine some new names.
So the name "Bayonne Bridge" may lack the art of the girder assemblage, but I'd rather pay tolls than have it free but corporate sponsors calling ( repainted) Golden Arches or Dunkin' Donuts Bridge. Goethals could become Gucci or even a menacing-sounding Gap Bridge. Yikes. And then the Verrazano Bridge might be the Verizon Bridge or *intriguing* Victoria's Secret Arch . . . I hope the energy drink Propel never sponsors a bridge.
Please make "Molly Pitcher" stay; I'd never have been interested in history had it not been for the foto of Molly in my history book, a passion that keeps me sane whenever I must drive the NJ Turnpike.
Photos, WVD.


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Kate Levant, Highsweep, 2009. Courtesy of Zach Feuer Gallery
In her weekly round-up Alexandra Peers sees blood-letting, and a favorable report from one dealer in Berlin.
Let it Bleed
By all accounts, Yale MFA student Kate Levant was lucky to get a show at Zach Feuer, the Chelsea gallery the generally represents established artists as Jules de Balincourt, Mark Flood, Dana Schutz, and Phoebe Washburn. But she sent in a proposal anything, on the recommendation of a former professor (when Levant was an undergraduate student at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston), Justin Leiberman, who also shows at Feuer, after her art school balked at putting on the exhibition. I left a message with Feuer to ask what it was he fell for immediately. "I loved it," Feuer says simply, who announced the show's unusual closing event on Facebook earlier this week.
Levant's show will culminate in September in a Red Cross Blood drive. For about six hours over two days, the gallery will be set up as a blood bank and a few dozen gallery-goers will donate about 450 milliliters apiece, the artist estimates. She wanted to stage the blood drive at her school at Yale, but negotiating "proved to be extremely complex… they're pretty freaked," the artist explained in a statement. Leiberman suggested Feuer take a look at the proposal. Now, the gallery and the Red Cross "will all function as a sort of stage-set mechanism, situating the donor/participant in the position of 'safe' passivity letting this experience pass through his/her corporeality." Levant explains. "I want to initiate an experience at the pace…of a pulse." As for what's the gallery, the installation features sculpture and piles of broken glass, fiberglass, metal, and plastic. In addition to work by Kate Levant, the show will include works or performance pieces by Noel Anderson, Philadelphia-based collective BOBO, Brian Faucette, Michael E. Smith, Elaine Stocki and Jacques Vidal.
"Blood Drive, Comprised by Kate Levant" opened at Feuer yesterday. The drive will run from 1:30 PM to 7:00 PM on September 2 and 3. "It's pretty likely that people who sign up will be getting a limited edition" work by the artist, Feuer says, but the details haven't been worked out yet. As for Levant's future at the gallery, well, Feuer has a history of poaching his artists right out of art school.
Report From Berlin
Art dealer Robert Goff, who with his business partner Cassie Rosenthal runs galleries in Chelsea and Berlin, sends this report on the art scene in Germany this summer:
Berlin is as active as ever, with curators and collectors coming through at a good clip—Biennale of Sydney curator David Elliott is making the rounds of promising studios. Curator Daniel Kurjakovic is back and forth between here and Zurich as he gets ready to unveil the Burger Collection's first public exposition in September in the former Arndt + Partner galleries on Zimmerstrasse.
The best museum exhibition I've seen lately is here in Berlin—it's John Heartfield at the Berlinsche Galerie. Heartfield was a contemporary and friend of George Grosz and made searing anti-Nazi and anti-capiltalist collages and photomontages. It's small but great.
As for the art market, it seems healthier than in New York: Contemporary Fine Art's show of small Daniel Richter paintings is almost sold out; at least half of the Gilbert + George works at Arndt + Partner are also spoken for. Berlin was never a rich city anyway.
Younger dealers complain that things are slow. But you still can't get a table at chic dining boites like Bandol, the art-world hangout of director Wim Wenders, Jean Griffin Borho (art advisor and Sculpture Center board member) and Annika von Taube (editor of magazine Sleek).
The Value of Arts Education
David Rockefeller's grandmother co-founded the Museum of Modern Art in 1929 and used to bring him to it as a boy. Now, New Yorkers will get to view nine magnificent artworks that have been promised to the museum over the years by David and Peggy Rockefeller. These are all the works that have been "promised gifts" from the Rocks over the years. The small show, "Cezanne to Picasso," opens July 17 and features "superb examples of Post-Impressionist, Fauvist, and Cubist painting," according to MoMA.
Bragging Rights
Think you aced the Venice Biennale? Auction house Phillips de Pury has a test. On the firm's witty new website, Phillips Art Expert, players can take a quiz on what they remember from the event (Example: Which country chose to fill the ground floor of its pavilion with ankle-deep sand as part of its "Steppes of Dreamers" show? Answer: Ukraine.) Fun, right? Beyond that, visitors to the site can also take quizzes on 20th-century art and design, or play "Know that Brushstroke," guessing the creator of a work of art from a corner of the canvas. In online videos, avuncular chairman Simon de Pury congratulates players for getting a good score.
A personal note: R.I.P Dash Snow
Note: This bulletin originally reported that Kate Levant is a student at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston, and that the school rejected her blood drive proposal. Levant is currently an MFA candidate at Yale, which rejected the proposal.


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Stafford Wins Excellence in Communications Award
by Kyle Terwillegar, USTFCCCA Communications Assistant
NEW ORLEANS – Will Stafford of LSU has been named the recipient of the inaugural Excellence in Communications Award for the 2014 Division I track & field season, announced Tuesday by the U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association (USTFCCCA).
Stafford, an associate sports information director at LSU who has been with the Tigers in some capacity since 2003, took his coverage of LSU's track & field programs to the next level on all platforms of media.
The USTFCCCA Excellence in Communications Award, awarded for the very first time Tuesday, recognizes those athletics communications representatives at schools and conferences who have committed to excellent coverage and support of collegiate track & field and cross country.
"We are extremely happy and proud that Will Stafford has been named the recipient of the Excellence in Communications Award," LSU Head Coach Dennis Shaver said. "Will has done so much to promote the LSU Track & Field program and the sport of track & field, and we are very fortunate to have him at LSU."
His written pieces included in-depth preseason previews and recruiting updates for each of the sports' event areas, in addition to feature pieces and detailed recaps of each meet that went far beyond the standard paraphrasing of results sheets – all of which are very useful to those journalists interested in covering LSU's nationally prominent program.
"Over the years, Will has provided invaluable assistance to not only myself but other local media and media all over the country who cover the sport," said The Baton Rouge Advocate's Sheldon Mickles, one of the nation's best-respected track & field journalists. "It's easy to line up interviews and provide updated stats and lists in a timely manner, but he goes beyond the usual and is exceptionally helpful in providing interesting notes, angles and storylines about LSU's athletes and coaches.
With his series of preseason previews taking stock of the Tigers' roster by event group, he published a story per day in each of the 10 days leading up to LSU's 2014 debut. He went into just as much detail to announce the signings of LSU's future student-athletes, including videos with each signee explaining why they ultimately chose LSU.
LSU Track & Field further benefited from his active presence on social media. Updates of ongoing competitions and their historical and/or national ramifications were plentiful no matter whether LSU was in action at home or on the road.
His social media posts also took advantage of multimedia, including event videos and graphics designed to celebrate significant achievements – including top finishes at the SEC Championships. And his social media coverage isn't limited to just the current season: he turned the LSU Track & Field Facebook page into arunning historical prospectus with photos and stories dating back to LSU participation in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics.
That dedication to the history of the program also manifested itself in regular updates on the many former LSU student-athletes who have gone on to compete at the highest levels on the world stage in each of those aforementioned media platforms.
"He always makes sure to keep media up to date on past, present and future LSU competitors, with an emphasis, of course, on current athletes," Mickles said. "But it's easy to see that his knowledge of the sport of track and field also goes beyond the present with a keen interest in the rich tradition of the LSU program."
Honorees for the 2014 track & field season in NCAA Divisions II and III, as well as the NAIA, will be announced Thursday, June 19.


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WASHINGTON (AP) -- The Supreme Court will soon decide whether companies can patent human genes, a decision that could reshape the future of medical care in the United States.
The justices on Friday decided they would hear an appeal from medical professionals who want to stop Myriad Genetics Inc. from patenting genetic mutations that are linked to increased risk of breast cancer. The company's BRACAnalysis test looks for those mutations.
Doctors want to use genetic testing to look at these genes to discover whether patients have increased risks of diseases like breast or ovarian cancer, but they say letting businesses patent them would get in their way. Companies say without being able to patent and profit from their work, they would not be able to fund the type of medical breakthroughs doctors depend on.


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Dale MurrayMarch 9, 2007
For my first few years at the liquor store, I worked mostly evening shifts, usually with a guy named Dave who'd been at the store since his undergraduate days at NYU in the mid-1970s. By the time of my arrival in the early '90s he was also an adjunct philosophy professor in the city college system. On Friday nights Dave gave me a twenty from the register and I went around the corner to get us some Italian takeout. We ate in the back, on Morty's desk, shoving his adding machine to the side for the food and for a couple chipped coffee cups and a bottle of wine off the rack. Customers weren't much of an issue, even though it was a Friday night in Greenwich Village in the City That Never Sleeps. If one happened to come in, either Dave or I would walk up front to the register, depending on whose turn it was.
The store had been successful for most of Dave's tenure, but since two large warehouse-style liquor stores had opened nearby business had been waning. Sometimes people stuck their head in the door just to smugly tell us that we were selling something for considerably more than one or the other of the big warehouses. Sometimes just for something to do we took empty individual-sized boxes of Absolut and used them to cover up large gaps in our shelves. This practice of covering up the empty shelves increased as the years went by, until eventually most of the store was empty boxes.
"Wow, you guys really have a lot of Absolut," a customer sometimes observed.
When we weren't filling in empty spaces, we were filling up empty time. I did a lot of reading. I also watched baseball games on the television up front behind the counter. Both New York teams were out of the running in those years, the games usually meaningless. For the Yankees it was something of a return to the days when I'd first followed baseball, their roster full of latter day versions of Rudy May, Cecil Upshaw, and Alex Johnson, guys who were just passin' through. Fittingly enough, the defining figure of their previous extended pennantless drought, Bobby Murcer, was often the broadcasting voice bringing me the soothing news of the Yankees' irrelevance.
Anyway, with the general downturn in business, Dave and I didn't have to get up very often from our Italian food and red wine. Conversation during the first half of the bottle was generally confined to two subjects, either the wine itself (Dave was a connoisseur) or sports. Dave did most of the talking, and he also took care of the refilling of our chipped coffee cups. Once the bottle passed its halfway point, the conversation turned to memory lane, to Dave's memories, that is, or to be even more specific to the difference between Dave's girl-glutted past and my gnawingly lonely present.
Dave spun great expansive tales of romantic adventure and seduction that always seemed to begin with him leaving the liquor store with a bottle of wine in his satchel and always seemed to end with him smoking a joint with some beautiful sensuous she-beatnick on a rooftop below the gentle caress of the 3 A.M. night. I wish I could offer more than a general notion about these stories, because I don't at all want to sound like I'm mocking them, but I can't really remember any specifics. But the fact is I loved the stories, loved how he told them, loved feeling a little drunk at work on the free wine, loved the way the whole ritual seemed to beckon for a wider world than the one I was experiencing in most of my waking hours. Later, before we locked up the gates for the night, I dutifully tried to follow Dave's lead, jamming a bottle of wine into my backpack next to the Dostoevsky and the Meade Wireless notebook filled with my rantings. But my nights, instead of ending on a rooftop with a girl, always seemed to end while waiting alone or with my brother in a stink cloud of homelessness urine for the F Train to Brooklyn after last call at the International.
Eventually I tried to believe that I had merely arrived in the world too late. Times were different in Dave's day, I told myself. It was easy enough to believe in this scenario, since even the store itself seemed to support the theory that everything was humming along on all cylinders right up until the time I showed up. Throughout the 1980s business had been booming, girls were constantly sauntering down 8th Street with love in their eyes (Dave had met his future wife while standing in the doorway and enjoying the voluptuous parade), rich guys with mousse in their hair tipped you on liquor deliveries with lines of coke and with the rolled-up fifty through which you snorted the coke. To hear the tales, it was practically the carry-the-table-through-the-Copa scene of Goodfellas just before I'd gotten there. But now the championship days were over. Now came the meaningless years. Now the schedule of late-season games droned like a dusty conveyer belt in a factory about to be closed. Charlie O'Brien grounded out weakly to second. Mel Hall stared off into space.
This seemed about right. After all, I had always related to, or at least heaped inordinate sympathy upon, baseball players who arrived one year too late.
With that in mind, here is Dale Murray, looking in his 1978 card as if he is about to be blamed for something. He came to the Reds in 1977, just after they'd staked their claim as one of the best teams of all time with a dominating two-year reign as World Champions. That reign came to an end when Dale Murray climbed on board. I can sympathize. I mean, I often wonder: Is it me? Am I the reason that the winning is always being done just over the horizon, out of reach?


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There's plenty of room at the Hotel Sri Tahjung. Any time of year… you can find it here. But if you want to stay, you'll need a pair of wings and plenty of saliva.
The hotel is in Kereng Bangkerai, a village in Central Kalimantan in Indonesian Borneo, where I happened to be in January 2012. It's a part of the world where people and nature have long danced to the same rhythms, but have begun to tread on each other's toes in recent years.
While some people are finding new ways to make withdrawals from nature's bank, for others conservation has come along and created credit limits to long-held livelihoods. It's a tough job to balance these two faces of a coin that no-one is quite sure how to count.
The hotel's owner has sealed the building so it can serve as a nursery for the creatures that make one of the most expensive things people eat. They are little birds called swiftlets and they use their cement-like saliva to build nests that stick to the walls of caves. That's the basis of bird's nest soup, a Chinese delicacy and status symbol with reputed medicinal qualities.
One kilogram of these nests can sell for between US$2,000 and US$10,000, depending on the variety. Little wonder that, for generations, collectors have risked their lives to harvest them. In 1998, when I saw men climb up bamboo poles in the dark wet caves of Niah National Park in Sarawak, Malaysia to do this, I wondered how many fell and never returned home.
People who are desperate or just drunk on desire will do crazy things but in recent years someone worked out a simpler, safer way to tap into the lucrative trade. Now across Asia people build the birds concrete nesting towers or add them to existing buildings, like the Sri Tahjung hotel. And so, the people of Kereng Bangkerai turn the spit of swiflets into cash. It is avian alchemy.
I saw the swift towers when I passed through Kereng Bangkerai on my way to Sebangau National Park to learn if the park offered hope to Borneo's beleaguered orangutans. The next day a boat carried me around Kaja Island on the Rungan River on a quest. My eyes scanned the green forest in search of a flash of the rusty red fur of one of the dozens of orangutans there that await a move to a forest they can call home. I was not disappointed.
At the end of the journey, near a village called Sei Gohong, I saw what looked like strange fields afloat on the river.
The plants were just accidental outgrowths of unfussy seeds. It was the mats that they grew on that mattered: hundreds of hunks of rubber with a peculiar acrid aroma. To make them the villagers tap trees for latex in the dry season, then pour the latex in moulds to set. In the wet season they float the pillow sized pieces of rubber downriver where buyers and processers await.
The places I had seen in just two days exemplified the way people and nature can collide or coexist. In February 2012, the Center for International Forestry Research published a study that shows how traditional livelihoods in Indonesian Borneo are in decline because so much of its forests are now reserved for logging or mining. But forest conservation also imposes limits on livelihoods for people with few safety nets.
Villagers from Sei Gohong used to harvest natural resources from Kaja and other islands where today human visitors are banned so the rare orangutans can roam unmolested. People from Kereng Bangkerai used to visit the nearby forest to hunt, chop trees and gather wild fruits and other good things. Some had jobs in the timber sector but the logging concessions have been closed to create the park and the forest is now off-limits.
Selling nests and tapping rubber are among the many profitable offspring of marriages between human ingenuity and nature's capacity to give. But even as that capacity declines, there are still bigger prizes to seize and both communities could soon gain in other ways.
In Sebangau National Park, I planted a tree in an area that stands to attract large sums of finance through an international scheme that will allow people, companies and countries to offset their carbon emissions by paying to plant trees and protect forests. And the orangutans on the river islands could soon attract a steady flow of international tourists with money to spend in the local economy.
What happens next will decide whether efforts to conserve the forest and the apes can really work, and benefits to local communities will be critical. But as Adianto P. Simamora, a journalist friend from Indonesia, reported in the Jakarta Post in May 2011, the locals don't know much about the coming cash for carbon and how to get a fair share of it.
And while tourists in Africa will pay US$500 to US$750 a day to see gorillas, in Sei Gohong, visitors will be charged just US$22 to see orangutans. Yet a quick search of the Internet shows that companies are already offering tourists the chance to visit the apes of Kaja Island in tour packages that cost US$1000 or more.
If the local people don't get a decent share of the dollars that are set to flow, I suspect some will resort to what they have done for generations, even if that means breaking rules that have been imposed (see the story of Lambir Hills National Park on the other side of Borneo).
It is one thing to monetize nature — whether from birds nests or rubber or carbon-capturing trees and the orangutans that climb them. It is something else to spread the benefits of biodiversity in a way that keeps them safe. How such prizes are shared could decide whether economies can really be green and if nature's treasures will continue to gleam.


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For a couple of seasons now, sneakers have been a vital part of Lukas Ossendrijver's offerings for French fashion house Lanvin. Yet again, for Spring/Summer 2014 the Dutchman treats us with a number of silhouettes to choose from. The collection includes besides two running shoe-inspired styles, classic low and high tops reworked to feature luxe details and materials such as perforated leather, pony hair toe boxes, as well as vibrant head-turning color combinations.
Source : HighSnobiety


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Jewelry Making Basics
Jewelry making includes so many different mediums and techniques that it's almost impossible to cover each one in detail. However, here you will find the basic information about jewelry techniques in this article from resident craft expert Maria Nerius.
Jewelry Jargon to Know
Bail: Finding that allows a pendant to be attached to a jump ring or necklace.
Bezel: A setting that has a collar instead of prongs to secure.
Brooch: A large pin that is usually assembled or has several elements in one piece
Clasp: Finding that is used for necklaces and bracelets to secure. May come as a set like toggle clasp or separately as in lobster claw or C clasp, which are used with jump rings.
Eye Pin: A connecting finding that is a length of metal with a loop at one end
Findings: Term for the attaching, connecting and finishing parts used in jewelry making like earring wires, clasps, toggles, eye pins, bails, pin backs, and head pins. Also used for special components like eyeglass holders or pendant holders.
Head Pin: A connecting finding that is a length of metal with a small metal head at one end.
Gauge: Usually abbreviated to g in project instructions this number gives the size or weight of a material like wire comes in 20 g or 22 g.
Jump Ring: Oval or round wire ring used as a connector or attaching aid.
Millimeter: Abbreviated to mm, which is the way many jewelry components like beads, jump rings, and chain are measured.
Jewelry Assembly
Jewelry findings like pin backs, shoe or button clips, and post earring backs can be adhered with jewelry glues. In some cases you can use a tack stitch and sew findings to the finished piece
Techniques and Mediums
Always read manufacturer's labeling and instructions for any type of clay you are using. Most clay needs to be conditioned. To condition clay you place a small amount in your hands to warm it, then begin to knead it until the clay is soft and pliable. Many polymer clay artists use a dedicated pasta machine to condition polymer clay. Keep in mind that any tool that is used when working with polymer clay should never be used in any fashion in food preparation or consumption. Never leave polymer or silver clay unattended while baking or firing.
A term used for the method of using pigment ink, embossing powder and a heat tool. An image is stamped or drawn, embossing powder sprinkled onto the ink, excess powder removed, then a heat tool is used to heat and melt the powder. You can overheat embossing powder so once powder has melted and has shine, you are done embossing.
You can also dry emboss. This method uses a texture plate or brass template to raise a design on paper and clays. A texture plate is placed under paper and on top of clay. You rub over the surface of the paper to raise the design and you press the texture plate into the clay to get a pattern. If using a brass template, you place template on a light source (window or light table), top with paper, and use a stylus to outline the design or pattern, remove paper and turn!
There are two main ways to hand felt using wool roving. The first is the wet method where soap and water are used as well as agitation to bond the wool fibers creating a solid fabric. The second is to use felting needles (long needles with sharp barbed ends and no eye). You poke and jab the needle into the wool roving to agitate the fibers letting them bond and for a solid fabric. Fiber artists sometimes combine the two methods or use pre-felted squares or blanks.
Cold Glass: When working with glass be aware that cut glass has sharp edges. Window glass (also called floating glass) is used for most cold glass projects and a glasscutter will cut the glass easily. A diamond drill bit is needed for drilling glass. Glass should be placed on a wet sponge in a shallow pan of water and then touching diamond drill bit to glass gently drill hole.
Hot Glass: There are a variety of torches and kilns designed for working with glass. To melt or fuse two pieces of glass together all pieces must have the same COE (coefficient of expansion). COEs vary with common fusing COEs of 90 or 96 and torch work glass with COEs of 32.5 to104. Hot glass must also be annealed before used in jewelry to avoid cracking and shattering.
Metals And Wire
Always use tools designed for metalsmithing and wire techniques. Metal can be shaped, formed, hammered, curled, and more. Have metal files on hand to smooth any rough or sharp edges or points in metal or wire. Although called beading wire, most beading wire is for stringing elements and not used to create elements in jewelry. Wire comes in different gauges (abbreviated to g in most instructions) and it's important to use the gauge recommended in a project for best results.
Also called punchneedle, this technique uses a special needle tool that when threaded needs to be threaded through the needle tube and then through the needle eye. Unlike other needle arts, you work from the back of the design, not the top. The pattern you see or draw is on the backside of the cloth. The needlepunch needle tool is then punch up and down through the cloth making small loops to the front to the design. You must use a fray stopping liquid to secure the threads at back of design. A hoop is needed to keep the cloth taunt as you punch it.
Rubber Stamping
Apply ink to image and bring stamp directly down onto surface. Avoid rocking or shaking the stamp until you have pulled it straight up from surface. Dye inks are usually more colorful and quick drying. Pigment inks are slow drying and used with embossing powders. Alcohol inks are very quick drying and usually applied from the bottle. Permanent inks are just that permanent and you should always check the labeling to make sure you are using permanent ink when one is called for in a project. Permanent inks offer the best results on nonporous surfaces. If stamping on fabric use an ink designed for fabric stamping and remember to heat set. Clean stamps immediately after use and store in a cool place out of direct sunlight.
Soldering is used several ways in jewelry making. Some artists solder jump rings for added security. Charms are sometimes given decorative edging with solder techniques. Stain glass pieces are soldered. You need a soldering iron, solder, and flux if it's not already in your solder. Allow iron to warm up, make sure all components are clean (oil and dust free), hold solder to tip allowing some solder to melt, then touch tip to piece to be soldered. Keep the flow smooth and even for best results. Soldering is a technique that requires practice to perfect and should always be done in a well-ventilated area.
Shrink Plastic
Shrink plastic does have a grain so note the grain before stamping or drawing on a sheet. You want the images to all flow the same way into the grain or you may end up with different sizes at the end of heating. Sand plastic lightly before stamping or coloring. If a hole is needed for an item, punch hole before you heat plastic. Use permanent ink when stamping and color with oil based pencils or alcohol-based inks for best results. Heat in oven or with embossing heat tool. Never leave baking plastic unattended and read all manufacturers' instructions.
Jewelry making uses a variety of needles including beading needles, quilting needles, and embroidery needles. Most are long, sharp, and have small eyes making it possible to sew even a seed bead in place. Have a threader handy. Usually a single thread is required unless multi-strands of floss are specifically asked for in the supply list. Always knot one end of thread before you start to stitch and you'll end your stitch by knotting off at the back of the material. The most basic stitch of jewelry making is the running or basting stitched used to gather fabric, ribbon, or lace. Just sew in and out of fabric in a line, and then pull on one end of thread to gather material. A running or basting stitch can also loosely hold materials together, but if you need a strong hold use a backstitch.
Allow Woodburning tool to warm up before you start using. Use a pair of pliers to remove a hot tip and place hot tip on a tile. Lightly touch tip to wood surface and keep tip moving for best results. Lower temperatures are used for detail work or on soft woods. You can woodburn on raw wood or painted wood. Take care with hot tips and never leave a hot woodburning tool unattended.
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Produits de The Dominoes - The Ravens ? - CDs, Vinyl LPs, DVD und mehr
The Dominoes
Have Mercy Baby
Federal 12068
With the torrid rocker Have Mercy Baby, Clyde McPhatter unleashed every bit of gospel-derived vocal power he had at his command. Not only was it a smash for The Dominoes, sitting atop the R&B hit parade for longer than any other song of 1952, the track influenced countless young singers to come. Smokey Robinson was one.
"The first record I ever heard by them was a record called 'Have Mercy Baby.' I mean, I thought it was a woman singing the song! And I had one of these real high voices when I used to sing," says Smokey. "Then I went to this theater in Detroit called the Broadway Capitol, and they were playing there. And I saw that it was Clyde McPhatter singing, man, and that really was inspirational to me, because I had a high voice, and the girls were going crazy over him. So Clyde McPhatter was probably like my first male idol as a singer."
Issued on Syd Nathan's Cincinnati-based Federal Records, Have Mercy Baby made it two years in a row that Billy Ward's Dominoes scored the year's biggest R&B vocal group record. The year before, it was their risqué Sixty-Minute Man with bass singer Bill Brown up front that enthralled young African-American record buyers (and more than a few white ones too; against all odds, the record charted sizably on the pop lists). But Have Mercy Baby, recorded January 28, 1952 in Cincy, was the one with the more lasting connotations, thanks to Clyde's visionary vocal. He's on fire, his fusillade of 'Yeahs!' during the wallpaper-peeling sax solo upping the excitement quotient all the more. Even before Ray Charles perfected his gospel/R&B synthesis, McPhatter was doing the same thing with The Dominoes.
Despite their mammoth success, 1952 was a year of upheaval for The Dominoes. Ward, the New York-based group's founder/pianist/composer, ran his group like a military squadron, with myriad rules and fines. Tenor Charlie White and then Brown bolted, both ending up with The Checkers. Larks bass David McNeil took Brown's place after James Van Loan, brother of The Ravens' Joe Van Loan, took over for White. But as long as Ward kept McPhatter happy, everything would be peachy.
Bill Dahl
Various - Street Corner Symphonies Vol.04
1952 The Complete Story Of Doo Wop
Read more at: https://www.bear-family.de/various-street-corner-symphonies-vol.04-1952-the-complete-story-of-doo-wop.html
Copyright © Bear Family Records
Copyright © Bear Family Records® Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être réimprimée ou reproduite sous quelque forme ou par quelque moyen que ce soit, y compris l'incorporation dans des bases de données électroniques et la reproduction sur des supports de données, en allemand ou dans toute autre langue, sans l'autorisation écrite préalable de Bear Family Records® GmbH.
Weitere Informationen zu The Dominoes - The Ravens auf Wikipedia.org
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The Mulato chile has similar looks to the Ancho chile but instead of a reddish black skin it has a dark black skin. You can tell the difference much better against the light! The Mulato chile also has a sweeter, fuller and more chocolaty flavor than the Ancho. No doubt they are different as they come from different chiles.
The Ancho chile comes from the dried regular Poblano chile. The Mulato chile comes from a variation of the Chile Poblano that has slightly different genes with a darker color and fuller flavor. It is hard to find the latter Poblano chile variation, as the growers prefer to dry them since they can sell them at a higher price at the markets.


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The first alarm began at five, just as dusk was beginning. Soon every car on the street joined in the deafening noise.
Front doors and windows opened as residents looked out. Car owners appeared with key fobs to silence the alarms.
Soon they were standing in groups and pairs gesticulating and pointing. Every car had lost a wing mirror, some had been dented.
At the end of the street, Agnes guided Archie as he reversed the caravan into their driveway.
Archie parked it with precision, applied the handbrake and smiled. Home in one piece after another successful summer holiday.
Written as part of the Friday Fictioneers challenge hosted by Rochelle Wisoff-Fields (more details HERE). The idea is to write a short story of 100 words based on the photo prompt (above).
To read stories of 100 words based on this week's prompt, visit HERE,


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Restock your fall accessories at Shopbop with up to 70 percent off colorful items including Marc by Marc Jacobs bangles, Rebecca Minkoff bags, and these Dannijo turquoise drop earrings for $197.30 (originally $282).
If your closet is lacking the season's biggest trends, Diane von Furstenberg has lowered prices on fall items by 30 percent, including metallic peplum pieces, color-block dresses, and the line's printed-lip frock.
Don't miss Bergdorf Goodman's 40 percent off sale. Pick up Theory dresses, Elizabeth and James blazers, and Nanette Lepore tops for nice prices.
Battle colder winter temperatures in colorful Tommy Hilfiger jackets and quilted outerwear for 30 percent off when you enter "OUTERWEAR30" at checkout.
Over at Neiman Marcus, nab dresses and tops from names such as Stella McCartney, Comme des Garçons, Rag & Bone, and Christopher Kane for up to 60 percent off. Add two or more of each item to your cart, and you'll earn an additional 10 to 20 percent off the price tag.
Ralph Lauren has slashed prices by 25 percent; whether you're looking for leather boots to add a punch of fall to your skinny jean collection or cashmere toppers to keep you warm, you can find deals.
All Joie merchandise is 20 percent off through October 8, including wedge booties, leather oxfords, and animal-print leggings and dresses. Be sure to enter code "JOIEFRIENDS" at checkout to have the discount applied.


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Grenada Chiefs of State & Cabinet Members
Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments
Date of Information: 5/29/2012
Date of Information: 5/29/2012
|Governor Gen.
|Carlyle Arnold GLEAN
|Prime Min.
|Tillman THOMAS
|Min. of Agriculture, Forestry, & Fisheries
|Michael Denis LETT
|Min. of Carriacou & Petite Martinique Affairs
|George PRIME
|Min. of Education & Human Resources Development
|Franka BERNADINE
|Min. of Environment, Foreign Trade, & Export Development
|Tillman THOMAS
|Min. of Finance, Planning, Economy, Energy, & Cooperatives
|Nazim BURKE
|Min. of Foreign Affairs
|Tillman THOMAS
|Min. of Health
|Ann PETERS
|Min. of Housing, Lands, & Community Development
|Alleyne WALKER
|Min. of Information
|Tillman THOMAS
|Min. of Labor, Social Security, & Ecclesiastical Affairs
|Glynis ROBERTS
|Min. of Legal Affairs
|Tillman THOMAS
|Min. of National Security
|Tillman THOMAS
|Min. of Social Development
|Sylvester QUARLESS
|Min. of Tourism, Civil Aviation, & Culture
|George VINCENT
|Min. of Works, Physical Development, & Public Utilities
|Denneth MODESTE
|Min. of Youth Empowerment & Sports
|Patrick SIMMONS
|Attorney Gen.
|Rohan PHILLIP
|Ambassador to the US
|Gillian BRISTOL
|Permanent Representative to the UN, New York
|Dessima WILLIAMS


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This is a real shocker, and not just Hollywood but the rest of America should love it. What a coup for Warner Bros getting The Man on this, the 4th version of A Star Is Born. Of course, Clint Eastwood will produce (as always through Malpaso) as well as direct the script by Will Fetters along with producers Billy Gerber and and Basil Iwanyk and Jon Peters (who made the infamous 3rd version of A Star Is Born with Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson). No male lead is cast yet, but the possibilities are endless. The project, which has been at WB for several years, had hoped to pair Beyoncé and Will Smith. But how about P Diddy (who's turning into a surprisingly fine actor along with Beyoncé's husband Jayz), Eddie Murphy (reteaming with Beyoncé after Dreamgirls), or any white guy imaginable though Robert Downey Jr and Jon Hamm are names that have been floating?
Hey, I'm one of those huge fans who thinks Clint can do anything. And Beyoncé scored at the box office for Screen Gems — one of its biggest — in Obsessed. (And, yes, I do happen to think she can act.) This is going to be a high profile film but low cost since Eastwood is at the helm. The idea is to start shooting in the Fall.
Of course, Clint has had a huge interest in music off and on screen. He intended to major in music theory in college. He learned how not to do a musical when starring in the dreadful Paint Your Wagon (1969). He played that super-cool jazz DJ in Play Misty For Me, his 1971 directorial debut. He sdirected and starred alongside his son Kyle in 1982's Honkytonk Man about a Depression-era aspiring country music singer. He directing Bird (1988), a biopic starring Forest Whitaker as jazz musician Charlie "Bird" Parker. He more recently has been doing all his own scores for his movies, including Mystic River and Million Dollar Baby and Changeling. Eastwood also partly scored Gran Torino with his son Kyle and Jamie Cullum.
Warner Bros' idea of a 4th version of A Star Is Born has been floating around for some time now. This pic fell apart and just came back together. Back in January, Deadline reported that Nick Cassavetes was in early talks with Warner Bros to direct an updated version of the well-worn story of a love affair between an alcoholic star on the way down, and a young female artist on the rise. There have been a trio of A Star Is Born versions made since the 1930s, the last one coming in 1976 with Kristofferson playing the boozer and Streisand the wannabe. Or even 4 if you consider What Price Hollywood (1932) made by George Cukor which is often forgotten.
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Lowrance Elite-4 HDI, a whole lot of tech for a little dough
While I don't normally follow the small-size displays closely, the new Lowrance Elite-4 HDI models announced yesterday seems to sport a remarkable ratio of dedicated marine electronics to cost. Their bright 4.3-inch LED-backlit screens, for instance, are substantially bigger than the Elite-4 models they replace, which were praised for their value. The plain Elite-4 HDI model, with a suggested $299 retail price, not only offers both regular fishfinding and high-frequency narrow beam downscanning — each with a shallow/deep frequency choice built into the included transom transducer — but also includes GPS, a bundle of lake and coastal cartography and support for all sorts of chart card types…
The new Elite-4 models can even display and alarm AIS targets — though via NMEA 0183 only, as 2000 support is one of the few features they don't share with larger Elite HDI's — and I won't be surprised to see one on a bigger boat being used for secondary or backup AIS and/or chart plotting. They can even be flush mounted. The right model for such use, though, may be the Elite-4 m HD Gold, which includes an SD card of Navionics Gold detailed charts for the U.S., Canada, and Bahamas while losing the fishfinding and $30 of suggested retail. There's also a $199 Elite-4x HDI that's fishfinder only and an Elite-4 HDI Gold that includes everything mentioned for $369.
Don't I remember proprietary memory cards containing small regions of relatively crude digital charts that cost as much as all this hard and software? I know that the beloved trend of consumer electronics is more for less, but it often seems less evident in the much smaller world of marine electronics. I suppose it's the relatively high numbers of small fishing boats that largely make this high level of boat gear value possible, but isn't it also a reminder of how far and fast we've come?
Plus, the Elite Hybrid Dual Imaging models offer a Downscan Overlay feature that seems valuable. I don't have an image of it working on the new Elite-4 display, but you can see it in action in this Elite-7 HDI video. The idea is that laying the more detailed structure-oriented grayscale downscan imagery over the blobbier, but more sensitive and color-coded Broadband Sonar, can reveal fish even when they're otherwise nearly hidden in the structure. I have not yet seen this feature live (that may happen this January in tropical waters ;-), but I suspect that it's another reason why fishermen who already have a finder and even curious cruisers may be interested in the new generation of sonar. Note that Lowrance has Humminbird competition in this same size/price range, and if you're looking for a somewhat bigger plotter with advanced sonar, you should also check out Garmin's latest and Raymarine's latest. (Heck, Furuno even has value-oriented plotter/fishfinders now.)
Finally, check out the free Insight Genesis custom online chart of Camden Harbor that I was able to create with just the downscan data I can record with the StructureScan unit on Gizmo. I can use it to watch the downscan video anywhere along my recorded track, so I've seen enough versions of the unusual structure shown below to be sure it's the outlet of my town's wastewater treatment plant! If I had an Elite-4 or many other Lowrance dual imaging setups, I could also view the simultaneously captured sonar and if I purchased an Insight Genesis subscription, I could adjust the map for tide, view bottom types and even download a chart I could take back to the MFD (good how-to article here). The bottom line, so to speak, is that you can create maps like this with just a small boat and less than $300 worth of electronics.


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Vivian Adams discusses the beliefs of the Mormon Church regarding the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Vivian Adams discusses the reasons behind the Mormon Church's stance against the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The discussion includes the beliefs of the Church regarding the roles of men and women, as well as the history and music of the Mormon Church. Songs include "Oh, Babylon," "Tittery Irie Aye," "Come, Come Ye Saints," and "The Handcart Song."


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Washington (CNN) - Chuck Hagel's bid to lead the Pentagon faces an uncertain outcome on a critical vote Friday as Democrats attempt to break a GOP filibuster of the defense secretary nominee.
Despite optimism from administration officials, who believe Hagel will get the five GOP votes he needs to end the filibuster, senior congressional sources in both parties are less positive. They told CNN they now are not sure he will get the votes.
Doubts were raised Wednesday after Sen. John McCain, R-Arizona, said he was reconsidering his pledge not to filibuster Hagel because the Obama administration was refusing to provide key details about the president's actions on the night of the attack on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi.
McCain's vote is important because he is one of the leading Republicans on military matters and other senators are expected to follow his lead. But he was also one of just five GOP senators who publically announced they would not filibuster Hagel. If he supports the filibuster, it could be impossible for Hagel to get 60 votes.
"I've always said I just want an answer to the question," McCain explained. "We deserve answers before we move forward with nominees. That's been the standard I've pursued for the past 26 years."
Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman Carl Levin, D-Michigan, said he expects the administration will provide a response to the Benghazi question before Friday's vote.
Filibusters of cabinet officials are extremely rare, largely because senators typically believe a president has a right to pick the leaders of his government.
"This is the first time in the history of our country that a presidential nominee for secretary of defense has been filibustered," Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said. "What a shame."
The administration isn't budging, and an official insisted to CNN Hagel won't withdraw his nomination.
the Repubs are just trying to punish Hagel for working with Obama as the Repub leadership has let it be known they will NOT work with Obama-don't they realize they were sent to help America not hurt it as they seem intent on doing
What in H- does McCain want?
He should take his female creation, Palin, and retire to Pago Pago.
I would be embarressed if I was a Republican, this current class of clowns have NO clue how to gain back any trust they had prior to W. What a bunch of Morons.
I have no idea just what it is that the GOP believes it may accomplish by this fillibuster, but I do know it is not constructive for the country or for the GOP. The Bengazi thing is smoke, they have something else or some other vendetta in mind.
This demonstrates why the Mr.Obama should not compromise with these retards.
Instead of focussing on handling America's business, their professed purpose in the first four years was to make Mr.Obama a one term President. In 2014 WE need to complete the job. I can't wait.
If the hapless, PR-tone-deaf GOP does this, it will utterly destroy them outside the 35% who would vote for them no matter what,


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I guess the end of summer means "ramp up the data charges" for carriers, since Verizon's about force anyone with an "enhanced multimedia phone"—basically, phones with a QWERTY keyboard, EVDO Rev. A and HTML browser—to pick their (mandatory) choice between a $10/month plan with 25MB or $20/month for 75MB. It starts for all phones launching on or after Sept. 8. [BGR]
Deadly Mississippi Tornado Kills More Than 2 Dozen | Extreme Earth


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Superpower is a word used to describe a state with a dominant position in international relations and which is characterised by its unparalleled ability to exert influence or project power on a global scale. This is done through the means of both military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence. Traditionally, superpowers are preeminent among the great powers (e.g., as the United States is today). The term first applied to the British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union. However, following World War II and the Suez Crisis in 1956, the United Kingdom's status as a superpower was greatly diminished; for the duration of the Cold War the United States and the Soviet Union came to be generally regarded as the two remaining superpowers, dominating world affairs. At the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, only the United States appeared to fulfill the criteria of being a world superpower.[1][2][3]
Alice Lyman Miller defines a superpower as "a country that has the capacity to project dominating power and influence anywhere in the world, and sometimes, in more than one region of the globe at a time, and so may plausibly attain the status of global hegemony."[4]
There have been many attempts by historians to apply the term 'superpower' to a variety of past entities.
Terminology and origin
No agreed definition of what is a 'superpower' exists, and may differ between sources.[2] However, a fundamental characteristic that is consistent with all definitions of a superpower is a nation or state that has mastered the seven dimensions of state power; geography, population, economy, resources, military, diplomacy and national identity.[5]
The term was first used to describe nations with greater than great power status as early as 1944, but only gained its specific meaning with regard to the United States, the British Empire and the Soviet Union after World War II. This was because the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union had proved themselves to be capable of casting great influence in global politics and military dominance. The term in its current political meaning was coined by Dutch-American geostrategist Nicholas Spykman in a series of lectures in 1943 about the potential shape of a new post-war world order. This formed the foundation for the book The Geography of the Peace, which referred primarily to the unmatched maritime global supremacy of the British Empire and United States as essential for peace and prosperity in the world.
A year later, in 1944, William T. R. Fox, an American foreign policy professor, elaborated on the concept in the book The Superpowers: The United States, Britain and the Soviet Union — Their Responsibility for Peace, which spoke of the global reach of a super-empowered nation.[6] Fox used the word Superpower to identify a new category of power able to occupy the highest status in a world in which, as the war then raging demonstrated, states could challenge and fight each other on a global scale. According to him, there were (at that moment) three states that were superpowers: the British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union. The British Empire was the most extensive empire in world history and considered the foremost great power, holding sway over 25% of the world's population[7] and controlling about 25% of the Earth's total land area,[8] while the United States and the Soviet Union grew in power in World War II.
According to Lyman Miller, "The basic components of superpower stature may be measured along four axes of power: military, economic, political, and cultural (or what political scientist Joseph Nye has termed "soft power").[4]
In the opinion of Kim Richard Nossal of Queen's University, "generally this term was used to signify a political community that occupied a continental-sized landmass, had a sizable population (relative at least to other major powers); a superordinate economic capacity, including ample indigenous supplies of food and natural resources; enjoyed a high degree of non-dependence on international intercourse; and, most importantly, had a well-developed nuclear capacity (eventually normally defined as second strike capability)."[2]
In the opinion of Professor Paul Dukes, "a superpower must be able to conduct a global strategy including the possibility of destroying the world; to command vast economic potential and influence; and to present a universal ideology". Although, "many modifications may be made to this basic definition".[9] According to Professor June Teufel Dreyer, "A superpower must be able to project its power, soft and hard, globally."[10] In his book, Superpower: Three Choices for America's Role in the World, Dr. Ian Bremmer, president of the Eurasia Group, argues that a superpower is "a country that can exert enough military, political, and economic power to persuade nations in every region of the world to take important actions they would not otherwise take."[11]
Superpowers of the past
Besides the United States, the British Empire and the Soviet Union, there have been many attempts by historians to apply the term superpower retrospectively, and sometimes very loosely, to a variety of past entities. Recognition by historians of these older states as superpowers may focus on various superlative traits exhibited by them. Examples of these ancient or historic superpowers include; Ancient Egypt,[13] the Hittite empire,[14] the Persian Empire,[15] the Greek Empire of Alexander the Great,[16] the Roman Empire,[17] the Maurya Empire,[18][19] the Tang Empire,[20] the Mongol Empire, the Spanish Empire,[21] and the First French Empire of Napoleon.[22]
According to historical statistics and research from the OECD, until the early modern period, Western Europe, China, and the Indian Subcontinent accounted for roughly ⅔ of the worlds GDP.[23]
The Cold War
The 1956 Suez Crisis suggested that Britain, financially weakened by two world wars, could not then pursue its foreign policy objectives on an equal footing with the new superpowers without sacrificing convertibility of its reserve currency as a central goal of policy.[24] As the majority of World War II had been fought far from its national boundaries, the United States had not suffered the industrial destruction nor massive civilian casualties that marked the wartime situation of the countries in Europe or Asia. The war had reinforced the position of the United States as the world's largest long-term creditor nation[25] and its principal supplier of goods; moreover it had built up a strong industrial and technological infrastructure that had greatly advanced its military strength into a primary position on the global stage.[26] Despite attempts to create multinational coalitions or legislative bodies (such as the United Nations), it became increasingly clear that the superpowers had very different visions about what the post-war world ought to look like, and after the withdrawal of British aid to Greece in 1947, the United States took the lead in containing Soviet expansion in the Cold War.[27]
The two countries opposed each other ideologically, politically, militarily, and economically. The Soviet Union promoted the ideology of communism: planned economy and a one-party state, whilst the United States promoted the ideologies of liberal democracy and the free market. This was reflected in the Warsaw Pact and NATO military alliances, respectively, as most of Europe became aligned with either the United States or the Soviet Union. These alliances implied that these two nations were part of an emerging bipolar world, in contrast with a previously multipolar world.[citation needed]
The idea that the Cold War period revolved around only two blocs, or even only two nations, has been challenged by some scholars in the post–Cold War era, who have noted that the bipolar world only exists if one ignores all of the various movements and conflicts that occurred without influence from either of the two superpowers.[28] Additionally, much of the conflict between the superpowers was fought in "proxy wars", which more often than not involved issues more complex than the standard Cold War oppositions.[29]
After the Soviet Union disintegrated in the early 1990s, the term hyperpower began to be applied to the United States, as the sole remaining superpower of the Cold War era.[2] This term, popularized by French foreign minister Hubert Védrine in the late 1990s, is controversial and the validity of classifying the United States in this way is disputed. One notable opponent to this theory, Samuel P. Huntington, rejects this theory in favor of a multipolar balance of power. Other international relations theorists, such as Henry Kissinger, theorize that because the threat of the Soviet Union no longer exists to formerly American-dominated regions such as Western Europe and Japan, American influence is only declining since the end of the Cold War, because such regions no longer need protection or have necessarily similar foreign policies as the United States.[30]
The Soviet Union and the United States fulfilled the superpower criteria in the following ways:
|Soviet Union
|United States
|Had a population of 286.7 million in 1989, the third largest on Earth behind China and India.[31]
|Had a population of 248.7 million in 1990, at that time the fourth largest on Earth.[32]
|Largest state in the world (actually a superstate), with a surface area of 22,270,000 km².[31]
|Fourth largest country in the world (after the Soviet Union, Canada, China), with an area of 9,526,468 km².[33]
|GDP of $2.9 trillion in 1990. Second largest economy in the world.[34] Enormous mineral energy resources and fuel supply. Generally self-sufficient using a minimal amount of imports, though suffered resource inadequacies such as in agriculture. Marxist economic theory based primarily on production: industrial production directed by centralised state organs leading to a high degree of inefficiency. Five-year plans frequently used to accomplish economic goals. Economic benefits such as guaranteed employment, free healthcare, free education on all levels formally assured for all citizens. Economy tied to Central and Eastern-European satellite states.
|GDP of $5.2 trillion in 1990. Largest economy in the world. Capitalist free market economic theory based on supply and demand: production determined by customers' demands, though it also included rising income inequality since 1979.[35] Enormous industrial base and a large and modernized farming industry. Large volume of imports and exports. Large resources of minerals, energy resources, metals, and timber. High standard of living with accessibility to many manufactured goods. Home to a multitude of the largest global corporations. U.S. Dollar served as the dominant world reserve currency under Bretton Woods Conference. Allied with G7 major economies. Supported allied countries' economies via such programmes as the Marshall Plan.
|Strong Communist state. Anti-colonialist movements and labour parties. Permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council.
|Strong capitalist federation/constitutional republic. Permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council plus two allies (France and the UK) with permanent seats.
|Foreign relations
|Strong ties with Central and Eastern Europe, countries in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Also had an alliance with China up until 1961. Supported Communist and socialist countries around the world.
|Strong ties with Western Europe, some countries in Latin America, the Commonwealth of Nations, and several East Asian countries. Supported democracies and anti-Communist dictatorships around the world.
|Possessed largest armed forces and air force in the world, and the second of the world's largest navies. Possessed bases around the world. Held the world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons for the second half of the Cold War. Founder of Warsaw Pact with satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe. Global intelligence network with GRU and the First Chief Directorate of KGB. Ties with paramilitary and guerrilla groups in the developing world. Large armament production industry with global distribution.
|Highest military expenditure in the world,[36] with the world's largest navy surpassing the next 13 largest navies combined,[37][38] and an army and air force rivaled only by that of the Soviet Union. Possessed bases around the world, particularly in an incomplete "ring" bordering the Warsaw Pact to the West, South and East. Largest nuclear arsenal in the world during the first half of the Cold War. Powerful military allies in Western Europe (NATO) with their own nuclear capabilities. Global intelligence networks, the CIA, NSA and DIA. Ties with paramilitary and guerrilla groups in the developing world. Large armament production through defense contractors along with its developed allies for the global market.
|Press explicitly controlled and censored. Promoted, through the use of propaganda, its Communist and Socialist ideal that workers of all countries should unite to overthrow capitalist society and what they called the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie and replace it with a socialist society where all means of production are publicly owned.
|Maintained constitutional guarantees for freedom of speech and freedom of the press, though the ongoing Cold War did lead to a degree of censorship, particularly during the Vietnam War and the Second Red Scare when censorship was the heaviest.
|Rich tradition in literature, classical music, and ballet.
|Rich tradition and worldwide cultural influence in music, literature, film, television, cuisine, art, and fashion.
Post–Cold War era
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 which ended the Cold War, the post–Cold War world was sometimes considered to be a unipolar world,[39][40] with the United States as the world's sole remaining superpower.[41] In the opinion of Samuel P. Huntington, "The United States, of course, is the sole state with preeminence in every domain of power – economic, military, diplomatic, ideological, technological, and cultural – with the reach and capabilities to promote its interests in virtually every part of the world."[42]
Experts argue that this older assessment of global politics was too simplified, in part because of the difficulty in classifying the European Union at its current stage of development. Others argue that the notion of a superpower is outdated, considering complex global economic interdependencies, and propose that the world is multipolar.[43][44][45][46] According to Samuel P. Huntington, "There is now only one superpower. But that does not mean that the world is unipolar. A unipolar system would have one superpower, no significant major powers, and many minor powers." Huntington thinks, "Contemporary international politics" ... "is instead a strange hybrid, a uni-multipolar system with one superpower and several major powers."[42]
A 2012 report by the National Intelligence Council said that America's superpower status will have eroded to merely being first among equals by 2030, but that the USA would still be the most important country in the world because of its influence in many different fields and global connections that the great regional powers of the time would not match.[47] Additionally, some experts have suggested the possibility of the United States losing its superpower status completely in the future. Citing speculation of the United States relative decline in power to the rest of the world, economic hardships, a declining dollar, Cold War allies becoming less dependent on the United States and the emergence of future powers around the world.[48][49][50][51]
Some people doubt the existence of superpowers in the post–Cold War era altogether, stating that today's complex global marketplace and the rising interdependency between the world's nations has made the concept of a superpower an idea of the past and that the world is now multipolar. However, while the military dominance of the United States remains unquestioned for now and its international influence has made it an eminent world power, countries such as China, India, Brazil and Russia are inventing new ways to counter US military supremacy (namely space) and are making great strides in science, literature, soft power, and diplomacy.[43][44][45][46]
Potential superpowers
The term 'Potential superpowers' has been applied by scholars and other qualified commentators to the possibility of several states achieving superpower status in the 21st century. Due to their large markets, growing military strength, economic potential, and influence in international affairs, China,[52][53][54] the European Union,[55][56] Russia[57] and India[58][59][60] are among the countries (or political entities) most cited as having the potential of achieving superpower status in the 21st century. Many historians, writers, and critics have expressed doubts, however, whether any of these countries would ever emerge as a new superpower.[61][62] Some political scientists and other commentators have even suggested that such countries might simply be emerging powers, as opposed to potential superpowers.[63]
Besides those mentioned above, a limited number of observers have also discussed, though ultimately dismissed, Brazil having the potential to emerge as a superpower.[64]
The record of such predictions has admittedly not been perfect. For example, in the 1980s, some commentators thought Japan would become a superpower, due to its large GDP and high economic growth at the time.[65] However, Japan's economy crashed in 1991, creating a long period of economic slump in the country which has become known as The Lost Years. As of August 2012, Japan had yet to fully recover from the 1991 crash.[66]
A hyperpower is a state that dominates all other states in every sphere of activity,[67] and is traditionally considered to be a step higher than a superpower. British journalist Peregrine Worsthorne first coined the term in The Sunday Telegraph's the "Bush doctrine" on 3 March 1991.[68] After the end of the Cold War with the Soviet Union, some political commentators felt that a new term was needed to describe the United States' position (Pax Americana) as the lone superpower.[69][70][71] French Minister Hubert Védrine popularized the term in 1998, because from France's position, the United States looks like a hyperpower, although the validity of classifying the United States in this way is disputed.[72]
The term has also been applied retroactively to dominant states of the past. In her book Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance - and Why They Fall, professor Amy Chua suggest candidates such as the Achaemenid Empire, the Tang dynasty of Ancient China, the Roman Empire, the Mongol Empire, and the British Empire as successful examples of historical hegemons, with the Spanish Monarchy, Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, and Third Reich as counters, and then reflects on assertions of the United States as a current modern hyperpower.[73] In a historical context, it is usually understood to mean a power that greatly exceeds any others in its political environment along several axes; Rome did not dominate India or China, but did dominate the entire Mediterranean area militarily, culturally, and economically.
See also
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Superpowers.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bremer, Ian (May 28, 2015). "These Are the 5 Reasons Why the U.S. Remains the World's Only Superpower". Time.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kim Richard Nossal. Lonely Superpower or Unapologetic Hyperpower? Analyzing American Power in the post–Cold War Era. Biennial meeting, South African Political Studies Association, 29 June-2 July 1999. Retrieved 2007-02-28.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776 (Published 2008), by Professor George C. Herring (Professor of History at Kentucky University)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Miller, Lyman. "www.stanford.edu". www.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (1987) written by Paul Kennedy
- ↑ "China Superpower" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Angus Maddison. The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (p. 98, 242). OECD, Paris, 2001.
- ↑ "To Rule the Earth..." Archived from the original on 13 November 2006.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The Superpowers -A Short History
- ↑ "PDF Version - Foreign Policy Research Institute" (PDF). www.fpri.org. Retrieved 2015-05-31.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bremmer, Ian. 2015. [1] Portfolio (Penguin Group): New York.
- ↑ Data table in Maddison A (2007), Contours of the World Economy I-2030AD, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199227204
- ↑ Christensen, Wendy (2009). Empire of Ancient Egypt. United States: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 1604131608.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bierbrier L, Morris. "Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt". https://books.google.ae/. Scarecrow Press, 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2015. External link in
|website=(help)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Holland, Tom (2011). Persian Fire: The First World Empire, Battle for the West. United Kingdom: Hachette. ISBN 0748131035.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Skelton, Debra. Empire of Alexander the Great. 2009: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 1604131624.CS1 maint: location (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Goldsworthy, Adrian (1 September 2010). How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower. United States: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300164262.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004). A History of India. 4th edition. Routledge, Pp. xii, 448. ISBN 0-415-32920-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Thapar, Romila (1990). A History of India, Volume 1. New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 384. ISBN 0-14-013835-8.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lockard, Craig. Professor. "Tang Civilization and the Chinese Centuries" (PDF). http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu. University of Wisconsin and Colombia University. Retrieved 4 November 2015. External link in
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- ↑ Kamen, H., Spain's Road To Empire: The Making Of A World Power, 1492–1763, 2003, Penguin, 640p.
- ↑ Steven Englund, Napoleon: A Political Life, 2005, Harvard University Press, page 254
- ↑ Maddison, Angus (2006). The World Economy - Volume 1: A Millennial Perspective and Volume 2: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. p. 656. ISBN 9789264022621.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Adam Klug and Gregor W. Smith, 'Suez and Sterling', Explorations in Economic History, Vol. 36, No. 3 (July 1999), pp. 181–203.
- ↑ "Getting Serious About the Twin Deficits "by Author: Menzie D. Chinn - September 2005 by Council on Foreign Relations Press [2]
- ↑ The Cold War: The Geography of Containment Gary E. Oldenburger by Oldenburger Independent Studies; December 2002
- ↑ Robert Frazier, 'Did Britain Start the Cold War? Bevin and the Truman Doctrine', Historical Journal, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Sep., 1984), pp. 715–727.
- ↑ Conflicts of Superpower by Signal Alpha News Achieve Press 2005
- ↑ Economic Interests, Party, and Ideology in Early Cold War Era U.S. Foreign Policy Benjamin O. Fordham by World Peace Foundation; Massachusetts Institute of Technology April 1998
- ↑ Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy, p. 24, 26
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Library of Congress Country Studies". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "www.census.gov" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "United States". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 January 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "1990 CIA World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2009-10-12.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Stone, C.; Shaw, H.; Trisi, D.; Sherman, A. "A Guide to Statistics on Historical Trends in Income Inequality" (PDF). Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. pp. 7–11. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
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- ↑ John Pike. "World Wide Military Expenditures". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Gates, Robert M. "A Balanced Strategy: Reprogramming the Pentagon or a New Age". Council On Foreign Relations. Retrieved 31 May 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Weighing the US Navy Defense & Security Analysis, Volume 17, Issue 3 December 2001 , pages 259–265
- ↑ Charles Krauthammer, The Unipolar Moment, Foreign Policy Magazine (1991).
- ↑ "www.gaikoforum.com" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Country profile: United States of America, BBC News. Retrieved March 11, 2007.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 The Lonely Superpower
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Sherle Schwenninger (December 5, 2003). "The Multipolar World Vs. The Superpower". The Globalist. Archived from the original on 2006-06-13. Retrieved 2006-06-10.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 Von Drehle, David (5 March 2006). "The Multipolar Unilateralist". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2006-06-10.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 "No Longer the "Lone" Superpower". Retrieved 2006-06-11.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Henry C K Liu (April 5, 2003). "The war that may end the age of superpower". Asia Times. Retrieved 2006-06-11.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Forecast Sees Eroded U.S. Power."
- ↑ Unger J (2008), U.S. no longer superpower, now a besieged global power, scholars say University of Illinois
- ↑ Almond, Steve (2007-08-22). "Seizing American supremacy". Salon.com. Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The Coming End of the American Superpower". Counterpunch.org. 2005-03-01. Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Leonardo Martinez-Diaz (2007-04-28). "U.S.: A Losing Superpower?". Brookings.edu. Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ A Point Of View: What kind of superpower could China be?
- ↑ "China as a global power". China.usc.edu. 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2010-08-27.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ CNN (1999). Visions of China. CNN Specials, 1999. Retrieved on 2007-03-11 from http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/asian.superpower/.
- ↑ Leonard, Mark (2005-02-18). Europe: the new superpower. Irish Times, 28 February 2005. Retrieved on 31-05-2015
- ↑ John McCormick,(2007). The European Superpower. Palgrave Macmillan.
- ↑ Rosefielde, Steven (February 2005). Russia in the 21st Century. UNC Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54529-7.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Meredith, R (2008) The Elephant and the Dragon: The Rise of India and China and What it Means for All of Us, "W.W Norton and Company" ISBN 978-0-393-33193-6
- ↑ "Will China really dominate?". World Finance - The voice of the market. Retrieved 2014-09-04.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "India in 2020: the factory of the world?". CNBC. 4 September 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-04.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Biswas, Soutik (2012-03-13). "Why India Will Not Become a Superpower". BBC India. Retrieved 2012-04-29.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Yuanan, Zhang (2013-07-31). "Why China Is Still No Superpower". Retrieved 2014-03-14.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The Emerging Politics of the Emerging Powers: The BRICs and the Global South
- ↑ Peter Collecott (29 October 2011). "Brazil's Quest for Superpower Status". The Diplomatic Courier. Retrieved 10 August 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ time.com 1988 article "Japan From Superrich To Superpower"
- ↑ Leika Kihara (August 17, 2012). "Japan eyes end to decades long deflation". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-09-07.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Dictionary: Hyperpower collinsdictionary.com
- ↑ Definition and Use of the Word Hyperpower
- ↑ Kim Richard Nossal (2 July 1999). "Lonely Superpower or Unapologetic Hyperpower?". McMaster University. Retrieved 4 November 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Erich Reiter; Peter Hazdra (2004). The Impact of Asian Powers on Global Developments. Springer. p. 5.
Now though, some people, in whose opinion the term "superpower" does not denote the actual dominance of the USA incisively enough, use the term "hyperpower".<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ History and the Hyperpower | Foreign Affairs (2004)
- ↑ To Paris, U.S. Looks Like a 'Hyperpower'
- ↑ Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance--and Why They Fall Amy Chua
- Belt, Don (2004). "Europe's Big Gamble". National Geographic. pp. 54–65.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Brzezinski, Zbigniew (1997). The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02726-1.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Fox, William (1944). The Super-powers: the United States, Britain, and the Soviet union—their responsibility for peace. Harcourt, Brace a. Co.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Kamen, Henry (2003). Spain's Road To Empire: The Making Of A World Power, 1492–1763. Penguin. pp. 640p.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Kennedy, Paul (1988). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. ISBN 0-679-72019-7.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- McCormick, John, John (2007). The European Superpower. Palgrave Macmillan.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Todd, Emanuel (200X). After the Empire – The Breakdown of the American Order.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Rosefielde, Steven (2005). Russia in the 21st Century: The Prodigal Superpower (PDF). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83678-6. Retrieved 2007-10-07.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Erik Ringmar, "The Recognition Game: Soviet Russia Against the West," Cooperation & Conflict, 37:2, 2002. pp. 115–36. – an explanation of the relations between the superpowers in the 20th century based on the notion of recognition.
- "To Paris, U.S. Looks Like a 'Hyperpower'". The International Herald Tribune. February 5, 1999. Archived from the original on October 26, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2006.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Last, Jonathan (October 21, 2005). "Rule America?". The Weekly Standard. News America Incorporated. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-09-15.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Védrine, Hubert. France in an Age of Globalization, Brookings Institution Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8157-0007-5
- "Word Spy - hyper-power". Retrieved 2006-09-15.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Li, Bo; Zheng Yin (Chinese) (2001) 5000 years of Chinese history, Inner Mongolian People's publishing corp, ISBN 7-204-04420-7
- CHAPTER FOUR. World Hegemony, 900-300 bce
- CS1 errors: external links
- CS1 maint: location
- Pages with archiveurl citation errors
- Articles with unsourced statements from August 2008
- Commons category link is locally defined
- Superpowers
- Military terminology
- International relations
- Hegemony
- International relations theory
- States by power status
- Political science terms


text:
Bernard Madoff is still making a market — at least his Citi Field seats are.
The two tickets for Monday's Citi Field opener owned by Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities were bid up to $2,955 by 5 p.m. EDT Saturday on eBay.
Seats 5-6 in the eighth row in section 11, just to the home plate side of the New York Mets' dugout, are being sold by the trustee overseeing the liquidation of Madoff's businesses.
Thirty-seven bids had been made for the tickets, which are called Delta Club Gold and come with access to the Delta Club behind home plate. The tickets retail for $525 apiece, and there is a deadline of 9:56 a.m. EDT Sunday to bid for the seats.
Lawyer Irving H. Picard worked out a deal with the Mets, returning to the team two $695 seats in the second row, called Delta Club Platinum, in exchange for the pair being sold on eBay. Links for other tickets for the first homestand were posted Friday on Picard's Web site, www.madofftrustee.com.
Two tickets for each of the remaining games against the Padres, on April 15-16, and for the three-game series against Milwaukee from April 17-19 were put on sale on StubHub.com. Those tickets are selling for $450 each.
Mets owners Fred Wilpon and Saul Katz were close to Madoff, who pleaded guilty March 12 in federal court to 11 counts, including securities fraud and perjury, stemming from a Ponzi scheme prosecutors said was worth $64.8 billion. The 70-year-old Madoff faces up to 150 years in prison at sentencing June 16.
Wilpon, Katz and many entities of their company, Sterling Equities, and various affiliated foundations are among the swindled creditors.
According to a motion filed with the bankruptcy court, Madoff's firm bought two Delta Club Platinum ticket — section 16, row 2, seats 5-6 — for $80,190. Those tickets are worth $295-$695 per game, depending on the opponent and day of the week, and average $495 — the top price in the ballpark.
The Mets agreed to exchange them for the Delta Club Gold Seats, which are worth $60,750, a range of $225-$525 per game and an average of $375. The team will refund the $19,440 different between the face values.
If the court approves, April seats would be sold for individual games and the rest as a package. The trustee felt the less expensive Delta Gold seats were "more marketable" and gained renewal rights for the purchaser of the bulk of the season plan.
Madoff's Mets Tix Near $3K on eBay
Bernard Madoff is still making a market — at least his Citi Field seats are.


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Happy Holidays, everyone! I am astounded at God's great blessings that are so bountiful and rich. I arrived home via a stand-by seat on planes that safely left Baghdad and Kuwait (twice from Kuwait). Then, my incredibly wonderful husband greeted me with a goodies bag of my favorite coffee, beer, diet coke and carrots with ranch dressing. I chose to drink the coffee and munch on the carrots. Tim had dinner in the Crock Pot and I wanted to talk with him since we were both still awake. By 3 a.m., we were sitting at our dining room table with candles lit and a chicken dinner. I was really amazed at how it felt like we had just picked up from where we left off. It was a great relief.
I wondered if things might be strange because I had been gone for so long. Instead, everything is blissfully wonderful and even better than 8 months ago. Two things have changed for us, but all for the better. Tim has become extensively more intelligent about our world's political scene and wiser about our media's tactics. I have learned to be even more thankful for the basics of life than I ever was before.
Nine hours after our chicken dinner, I stood in our kitchen. Tim was making scrumptious scrambled eggs and bacon. I reached into our cupboard for a coffee cup and became overwhelmed with thankfulness at being able to choose from at least six different types of coffee cups. Living in Baghdad for the past eight months cannot be described as a picnic or walk in the park. However, the fact of life is we are American soldiers living in Baghdad and we made the most out of it, which was still many levels above the standard of living for the Iraqis. I could write more on my thoughts about this experience, but I only have today and tomorrow with Tim then I must go back to Baghdad and to my soldiers.
I wanted to post this on the website because I wanted to tell all of you, THANK YOU. My eyes become misty with tears from reading all the emails with your supporting and kind words. Thank you all very much and most of all thank you to my amazing and wonderful husband, Tim, I love you!


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I need aid to know the name of a song and who sings it, I am not sure if it is of the 80s or the 90s, and what memory of her is that, it is sung by a woman, and in the choir they sound trumpets type mariachi and instrumental music too, but the song is sung in ingles, hopefully who can help me, thanks.
This song is nice, very instrumental, and a kind of happy song. I heard the choir yesterday in a radio commercial, and I can't get this melody out of my head.
Please help me.
Help me, to find the name of that song in my head
What ever happened to...?
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