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Secondary cutaneous Epstein-Barr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a case report and review of literature
Diagnostic Pathology volume 7, Article number: 7 (2012)
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Only a few cases of extranodal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B-cell lymphomas arising from patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) have been described. We report a case of AITL of which secondary cutaneous EBV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) developed after the initial diagnosis of AITL. A 65-year-old Chinese male patient was diagnosed as AITL based on typical histological and immunohistochemical characteristics in biopsy of the enlarged right inguinal lymph nodes. The patient initially received 6 cycles of chemotherapy with CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, prednisone), but his symptoms did not disappear. Nineteen months after initial diagnosis of AITL, the patient was hospitalized again because of multiple plaques and nodules on the skin. The skin biopsy was performed, but this time the tumor was composed of large, polymorphous population of lymphocytes with CD20 and CD79a positive on immunohistochemical staining. The tumor cells were strong positive for EBER by in situ hybridization. The findings of skin biopsy were compatible with EBV-associated DLBCL. CHOP-R chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and rituximab) was then administered, resulting in partial response of the disease with pancytopenia and suppression of cellular immunity. To our knowledge, this is the first case of cutaneous EBV-associated DLBCL originated from AITL in Chinese pepole. We suggest the patients with AITL should perform lymph node and skin biopsies regularly in the course of the disease to detect the progression of secondary lymphomas.
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Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is one of the most common subtypes of peripheral T-cell lymphomas, accounting for approximately 15-20% of all cases, or 1-2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas [1]. AITL is frequently accompanied by a polymorphic nature including fever, skin eruptions, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly [2]. Histopathologically, the primary site of AITL is lymph node characterized by the effacement of the lymph node architecture, the increase of arborizing high endothelial venules and the infiltration of clear small- to medium-sized lymphocytes, along with the increase of B-immunoblasts that usually contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). AITL patients exhibit immunodeficiency secondary to the neoplastic process. Expansion of EBV-positive B cell is thought to be a consequence of underlying immune dysfunction [3]. In rare condition, secondary EBV-associated B cell lymphoma may occur together with AITL. However, to our knowledge, so far only 22 cases of AITL developed EBV-associated secondary B cell lymphomas have been described in English literature [4–14]. Herein, we report a case of secondary EBV-associated diffuse large B cell lymphoma occurring in the skin of a patient with lymph node AITL.
Case presentation
A 65-year-old Chinese male patient presented with a 6-month history of enlarged right inguinal lymph nodes without pain and fever and initially sought examination and treatment at our hospital in September, 2009. Physical examination revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes easily identified in the right inguinal region, and the spleen was palpable 2 cm below the left costal margin without discrete masses or tenderness. Maculopapular eruptions could be found in the trunk. There was no remarkable edema and masses observed in the skin. The laboratory results including blood count, differential, liver and renal function were within the normal range. Eosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia were not observed. Computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed the enlargement of right inguinal and visceral lymph nodes, as well as hepatosplenomegaly. Test for EBV exhibited both viral capsid antigen (VCA) and EBV-associated antigen positive.
The patient then underwent biopsy of right inguinal lymph node, but the biopsy of skin lesion was not performed at that time. The biopsy tissue was routinely processed and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Under the microscopy, the normal architecture of lymph node was destroyed by polymorphic cellular infiltration composed of diffused small to medium-sized lymphoid cells along with plasma cells and eosinophils. The infiltrated lymphocytes had clear cytoplasm with mildly irregular nuclei. Some of large immunoblast-like lymphoid cells with large distinct nuclei and clear cytoplasm were observed to intermingle with those infiltrated lymphocytes. Numerous arborizing high-endothelial venules were prominent in the background of lymph node. In addition, scattered Reed-Sternberg (RS)-like cells with irregular multilobated nuclei and large eosinophilic nucleoli were also present in the node (Figure 1A-B). Immunohistochemically, the infiltrated small to medium-sized lymphoid cells were strongly positive for CD3, CD45RO, CD10 and CD4, but negative for CD20, CD79a, PAX-5, CD56, MUM-1 and CD30. The large immunoblast-like cells and scattered RS-like cells showed immunoreactive for CD20, CD79a and CD30. The proliferation of follicular dendritic cells highlighted by CD21 and CD23 was prominent throughout node, and entrapped the high-endothelial venules. By in situ hybridization assay, EBER-positive signal was observed in either scattered large B immunoblasts or RS-like cells (Figure 1C-F). Based on clinical presentation and histological findings, a histological diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) was made according to the criteria of WHO classification [3].
After the diagnosis of AITL, the patient received 6 cycles of chemotherapy with CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and prednisone), but his symptoms did not disappear. The patient was followed up without any treatment for nearly one year after completing the whole chemotherapy courses. There was no further complaint from the patient during the follow-up period. In April, 2011, nineteen months after initial diagnosis the patient was readmitted to our hospital due to presentation of multiple plaques and nodules on the skin. Skin examination showed irregular plaques and nodules ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 cm in diameters in the trunk and extremities. CT scan revealed multiple enlargements of right inguinal and visceral lymph nodes as well as hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow aspiration was normal. The skin biopsies were performed in the skin lesion located at the left upper arm.
Microscopically, dermal and subcutaneous tissue was infiltrated by sheets of a monotonous population of medium- to large-sized atypical lymphoid cells without epidermotropism. Cellular atypia exhibited irregular nuclei, large nucleoli and vesicular chromatin with a brisk mitotic rate, atypical mitotic figures (Figure 2A-B). Immunohistochemically, the atypical cells were strongly positive for CD20, CD79a and Bcl-6, but negative for CD3, CD5, and CD45RO. EBV detection by in situ hybridization for EBERs showed diffuse positive reaction (Figure 2C-F). These findings were compatible with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Sections of the lymph node biopsy performed one year earlier were reviewed. The structure and cytologic features of skin lesion were distinct from those of the lymph node. There was a diffuse infiltrate of predominantly small to medium-sized lymphocytes with unambiguous T cell markers by immunohistochemical analysis in lymph node. These tumor cells were negative reaction to EBER assay. However, the infiltrated large sized neoplastic cells in the skin lesion were identified as B lymphocytes and positive to EBER assay. Based on these findings, a histological diagnosis of AITL-developed secondary EBV-associated DLBCL of skin was made.
After diagnosis, the patient received a cycle of R-CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) and achieved a partial response. However, pancytopenia and suppression of cellular immunity were observed. The patient refused further treatment of R-hyperCVAD regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) and was discharged from hospital. The further following up was not performed due to contact loss of the patient.
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) was previously regarded to be an atypical reactive process. In 1974, Frizzera et al. firstly termed it as "angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD)" [15], of which AILD was described as a reactive lymphoproliferative disorder of T lymphocytes [16]. AITL was considered as a malignant transformation of AILD, but the histological distinguishing AITL from AILD was quite difficult. In the past, the presence of clusters of cells with abundant clear cytoplasm was regarded as one of the most important morphological criteria and used to distinguish AITL from AILD. However, subsequent molecular and cytogenetic studies revealed that clonal TCR gene rearrangement and chromosomal abnormalities were identified in the majority of AILD [17, 18], which indicated most cases previously diagnosed as AILD actually represented AITL. In 2001, WHO classification of tumor of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue suggested AITL was most likely to arise as a peripheral T-cell lymphoma. As both terms of AITL and AILD were in common use, they could be used interchangeably in clinics. However, some researchers argued that a few cases of AILD with atypical or oligoclonal proliferation might precede the development of AITL, and should be classified as a distinct entity of preneoplastic process [19, 20]. Although debate remained, we considered AILD might represent the existence of stages in the development of AITL rather than independent disease entities.
Although the pathogenesis of AITL remains unclear, it is currently thought to most likely derived from germinal-center T-helper cells (TFH) [21]. The primary site of AITL is lymph node and virtually all patients present with generalized lymphadenopathy. Histological examination of the lymph nodes exhibits nearly complete effacement of the follicular architecture, a mixed lymphoid infiltrate, and numerous high endothelial venules in an expanded T-cell zone. In some cases, the lymph nodes show diffuse obliteration of their architecture by lymphoid infiltration consisting of lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells, and histiocytes, together with numerous high endothelial venules surrounded by an expanded network of follicular dendritic cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells express most pan T-cell antigens such as CD2, CD3 and CD5. The majority of the proliferating cells are CD4 positive or, less often, CD8 positive [3]. Attygalle et al. demonstrated that CD10 was a phenotypic marker, which specifically identified the tumor cells of 90% of AITL [22]. Dorfman et al. reported that programmed death-1 (PD-1), a member of the CD28 costimulatory receptor family, is expressed by germinal center-associated T cells in AITL [23]. De Leval et al. indicated tumor cells in AITL could overexpress CXCL13, which is the characteristic of normal TFH cells [21]. These researchers suggest those immunophenotypes are helpful to distinguish AITL from atypical paracortical hyperplasia and other peripheral T-cell lymphomas as well as diagnosing extranodal dissemination. In our case, not only histological examination of lymph node demonstrated a morphological characteristic of AITL, but also the presence of T-cell linage with aberrant CD4 and CD10 expression identified in neoplastic cells by immunohistochemical staining which also strongly supported a diagnosis of AITL at initial lymph node biopsy.
It is well known that most cases of AITL are frequently complicated with EBV infection, but the neoplastic T cells are EBV negative. Almost all cells infected by EBV are B-cells showing normal histological findings [3, 24]. However, in rare condition, the complication of EBV-associated B cell lymphoma in AITL has been reported. The immune dysregulation present in AITL may have permitted EBV infection or reactivation, which could play a role in the proliferation of B-cell immunoblasts and clonal expansion of an immortalized EBV-infected B-cell clone. Therefore, the development of B-cell lymphoma can be a consequence of the disease progression of AITL [3, 6]. To the best of our knowledge, so far only 22 cases of AITL-developed secondary EBV-associated B cell lymphoma have been described in the literature (Table 1) [4–14]. Similar to our case, most of previously reported cases showed only AITL on initial biopsy, and showed B-cell lymphoma (with or without coexistent AITL) on follow-up biopsy. The time interval between two tumors ranged from 5 to 96 months. AITL with simultaneous B-cell lymphoma or primary B-cell lymphoma in the background of AITL could be found in 6 cases. "Composite AITL and B-cell lymphoma" was suggested by Xu et al. when the simultaneous appearance of these two distinct lymphomas developed in the same anatomic site [6]. It was commonly considered that secondary EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas in AITL raised from EBV-infected B cells in lymph node, and we found indeed that EBV could be detected in initial AITL in most of previous cases. However, EBV-infected B-cell was not detected in the 6 cases before the development of secondary B-cell lymphoma by EBER-in situ hybridization method. Whether or not specific mechanism involved in the sequential development of EBV-associated B-cell lymphoma in AITL derived from non-EBV-infected cells should be investigated further. Seven cases have been reported that the secondary B-cell lymphoma develop in extranodal organs, including skin, bone marrow, duodenal bulbous, lung, ileum and soft tissue [4, 7–12], and only two cases as well as ours presented skin involvement by secondary B-cell lymphoma [4, 8]. The present case is the first report on cutaneous sequential development of EBV-associated DLBCL from AITL in Chinese patients. Although the prognosis of AITL once complicated by EBV-associated DLBCL is not well known, extranodal involvement of lymphomas is a poorer sign. We found in previous AITL cases, the patients with extranodal involvement by B-cell lymphoma presented shorter survival time than those with secondary B-cell lymphoma in lymph nodes. Based on these data, it is thought the present case might have an aggressive biological behavior and a less favorable prognosis.
The presence of large immunoblast cells and scattered RS-like cells in AITL might create diagnostic confusion with other neoplastic condition of lymphoid tissue. The main differential diagnoses include classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and T cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL). THRLBCL is characterized by a limited number of scattered, large, atypical B cells embedded in a background of abundant T cells and frequently histiocytes. Immunohistochemically, large atypical cells express pan B-cell markers and no expression of CD30, and are lack of EBV infection. The background of THRLBCL is composed of variable number of CD68-positive histiocytes and CD3-, CD5-positive small T cells rather than CD4-, CD10- and CXCL13-positive small to medium-sized TFH cells. Numerous high endothelial venules surrounded by an expanded network of follicular dendritic cells highlighted by CD21 and CD23 will be useful to distinguish AITL form THRLBCL. In this present case, an interesting finding was the presence of occasional CD30 and EBV-positive RS-like cells within inflammatory background of lymph node. This histological finding was similar to the morphological feature of cHL. However, recognition of cytologic atypia or immunophenotypic aberrancy in the background T cells is critical for making the differential diagnosis between AITL and cHL.
In conclusion, secondary B-cell lymphoma in AITL is rare. Herein we report the first case of cutaneous EBV-associated DLBCL sequential to AITL in Chinese patients. Extranodal involvement by secondary lymphoma in the patients with AITL might imply a poor prognosis. Therefore, clinicians should keep in mind that there is a possibility of sequential development of B-cell lymphoma after AITL. It is necessary to perform lymph node and skin biopsies regularly to detect the progression to secondary lymphomas for patients with AITL.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
Q-XY and X-JP made contributions to acquisition of clinical data, and analysis of the histological features by H&E staining. X-YT drafted the manuscript. ZL revised manuscript critically for important intellectual content and had given final approval of the version to be published. YL carried out the immunoassays. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Cite this article
Yang, QX., Pei, XJ., Tian, XY. et al. Secondary cutaneous Epstein-Barr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a case report and review of literature. Diagn Pathol 7, 7 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-7-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-7-7
- Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
- Epstein-Barr virus
- secondary B-cell lymphoma
- skin lesion


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At 5:40 this morning we drove our friends to the airport. They were flying to Boston to be with their "East coast" family for Thanksgiving. On Wednesday we will return to LAX to pick up my daughter, and on Thursday to pick up my youngest son. It's the wonderful pull of Thanksgiving, being with the family and hanging out in kitchens where the smells are familiar. Today I started baking, and so this morning my kitchen smelled like cinnamon and allspice from the pumpkin breads in the oven. This afternoon it smelled of apples and dried cherries baking inside puff pastry squares that I folded into individual turnovers. On Thanksgiving day the kitchen will smell like the mulling spices simmering in the pot of apple cider on the stove top, but as soon as the fridge door is opened, the predominant smell will be the garlic that was rubbed into the turkey on Wednesday morning. That specific smell of garlic-covered poultry is embedded in my memory because it is the smell that I most closely associate with my mother's kitchen. The smell that signaled it was Shabbat, Yontif, and yes, Thanksgiving. On Thursday the kitchen will smell both savory and sweet, depending if you are standing near the oven or closer to the kitchen table covered with desserts. I love the old recipes combined with an occasional new one, it sets the mood and gives me the perfect opportunity to remember and be thankful for what we had, what we have, and what we look forward to. Happy Thanksgiving.
Garlic Turkey
Mixture for a 15 pound turkey
1 Tb kosher salt
1 Tb. paprika
2 tsp. pepper
1/3 cup olive oil
2 whole heads garlic, peeled and minced
Mix all ingredients together until you have a paste-like consistency. It should be red from the paprika and thick, almost like tomato paste. Rub the garlic mixture on the inside and outside of the turkey and let marinate in fridge overnight.
Preheat oven to 425 degrees.
Place turkey in a roasting pan, breast down, with about 2 " of water on the bottom of the pan. Bake for 30 minutes and then baste with liquid. Add more water to pan if necessary. Lower heat to 350 degrees. Continue to add liquid and baste about every 30 minutes. When turkey is golden brown, turn breast side up and finish roasting. Total baking time is about 3 hours depending on size of the bird.


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Liebherr-Aerospace Toulouse SAS, based in Toulouse in France, has recently received the "Best Improver" award in the category "Procurement, Supply Chain and Logistics" at the second annual supplier conference held by Airbus Defence and Space in Bermen (Germany). The center of excellence of Liebherr for air management systems was selected based on improvement measures implemented over the previous year relating to the A400M program.
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Coast Guard searches for missing oil platform workers
Fire out at Gulf oil platform; 11 hurt, 2 missing
Coast Guard officials said they are searching from the sea and the sky for two workers who went missing after a fire erupted on an oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico.
The agency said in a news release sent Saturday morning that helicopters and an 87-foot cutter are searching for the missing crew members.
The platform, which is about 25 miles off the Louisiana coast, is owned by Black Elk Energy. The blaze, which started when workers were using a torch to cut an oil line, remains under investigation.
At least four workers with severe burns were in critical condition.
The fire came a day after BP agreed to plead guilty to a raft of charges in the 2010 Gulf oil spill and pay a record $4.5 billion in penalties.
The U.S. Coast Guard in New Orleans had confirmed Friday morning that an offshore platform in the Gulf of Mexico caught fire.
About 11:30 a.m. Friday, the fire had been extinguished.
A congressional source told the AP that the fire was caused by an acetylene torch cutting an oil line. The Coast Guard said it was investigating the incident and activated a command center.
Coast Guard officials said 11 men were taken to hospitals. Two are believed to be missing.
At sundown, a WDSU crew on the scene of the accident reported the search for those missing continued.
Four of the men who were hurt were being treated at West Jefferson Medical Center -- three are suffering from critical injuries, spokeswoman Taslin Alfonzo told WDSU.
Those who were burned were eventually moved to a special treatment unit in Baton Rouge.
Initial reports from officials said two workers had died, but the Coast Guard didn't confirm that.
The platform is owned by Black Elk Energy and is about 25 miles southeast of Grand Isle. The company's website was down shortly after the breaking news circulated across the country.
The Houston Chronicle recently named Black Elk Energy as one of the top small businesses to work for in Houston.
Jefferson Parish Councilman Chris Roberts told WDSU that the platform wasn't producing oil, and a sheen was spotted in the water. The sheen was about three miles long and 250 feet wide -- an estimated 7 gallons worth of product.
Parish officials said the platform is not drilling at a deepwater site like the Macondo well that blew out in 2010. That blowout led to an explosion that killed 11 workers and led to the worst offshore oil spill in U.S. history.
Reuters reported that Black Elk Energy was investigated in August by the federal Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Regulation and Enforcement in regards to an incident where two employees were dropped 60 feet into the Gulf of Mexico after a crane malfunctioned. No injuries were reported in that incident.
Black Elk also paid $300,000 in a civil fine in September related to a site inspection in 2011 that showed one of its facilities wasn't complying with regulations, according to NBC News.
NBC also reported that federal data shows a small fire occurred at a Black Elk platform in February of 2011 in the Gulf of Mexico, but was quickly contained.
The platform fire comes a day after BP settled criminal charges in the 2010 oil spill disaster, agreeing to pay $4.5 billion in penalties. The company still faces up to $20 billion in fines.


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Cinco de Mayo celebrations scheduled at ENMU, Clovis
Freedom New Mexico: Tony Bullocks Daniela Garcia, right, of Hispanic Affairs at ENMU and student Isabel Gonzales show Friday how the Mexican sash will be placed during a Cinco de Mayo banquet at the university's Cub ballroom
Cinco de Mayo — May 5 — is a Mexican holiday embraced by the U.S. and there are several events planned locally to celebrate the day.
Cinco de Mayo marks the Battle of Puebla between the Mexican army and occupying French forces May 5, 1862, which Mexico won, according to Daniela Garcia, office assistant in Eastern New Mexico University's Hispanic Affairs office.
It is not, as many people believe, Mexico's Independence Day, which is actually Sept. 16.
Hispanic students graduating from ENMU will be celebrating their commencement with a banquet 6 p.m. Wednesday in the Campus Union Building ballroom.
"It is an annual event that we have been doing for the past eight years," said Daniela Garcia, office assistant in the Hispanic Affairs office. "We honor our graduates by giving them a sash of their county of origin. That way it is special for the Hispanic students. It gives them the honor of having ENMU President Steven Gamble sash them personally."
Hispanic Affairs, Native American Affairs and African American Affairs are working together to sponsor the event through Multicultural Affairs.
Garcia said students get to keep their sashes and wear them during graduation with pride of accomplishment.
Isabel Gonzales is a non-traditional student, who is scheduled to graduate from ENMU.
Gonzales said caring for her three children, working and going to school has been difficult.
"Hispanic Affairs was here to help me and let me know that they were here to support me," Gonzales said. "Then, being a part of the college success program helped me.
"They were here to push me," she said, "and help me to keep going so it is an honor to be part of Hispanic Affairs and them to give me a Mexican sash. I'm just grateful to be graduating."
Another event is the Cinco de Mayo Festival on Sunday at the Curry County Events Center.
The festival includes traditional Mexican bull riding and live music for the family.
"This is a brand new event we just started this year," Events Center Manager Kevin Jolley said. "It's not the traditional style of bull riding like American bull riding using one hand. They use both hands and they're a few of them that might ride with one hand. It is a totally different event."
Providing music are Los Huracanes Del Norte — the internationally famous and local band playing their first gig in Clovis.
Also slated to perform are El Gringo and Revanche Nortena.
Fast facts:
What: Cinco de Mayo Festival
Where: Curry County Events Center
When: 5 p.m. Sunday
Tickets: $30 advance
$35 at the door.
$15, Children 6 to 12 years-old
Children 5 and under Free
Information: 935-7000


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Reading Nook … Before and After!
The Reading Nook was finished by Christmas Eve! I have had so many of you wondering if I finished and if Miss Precious liked it …
She did!!!!
For those of you who want to see the Before and After right away …
You will have to wait until the end to see them side by side 🙂
However, I'm prepared to show you the finished project if, you keep reading until the end! Deal? I promise to make it worth your while.
For me, most of the fun is in the details that make it special. I found some glow in the dark butterflies (#Target) that I knew would be perfect for when the door is closed and the light is turned off. I arranged them to look like they were fluttering off in a group.
Miss Precious LOVES keys so I found some that had words engraved in them. (#Michaels) Three of them really sum up what I was doing … "Secret", "Memories", and my personal favorite, "Journey".
Snuggling was a must! and I fell in love with this snowflake throw (#Target) that is so cozy. I wanted a place to store it when we don't need it so I bought a white hook to hang it on. No secret place is complete without a flashlight and I found a red one to match the accent color that I was using. Yes, Miss Precious LOVES flashlights too!
The Dreaded Cushion …. da da da DA! I picked this upholstery fabric as it reminded me of all the places that books can take you. (I am an avid reader!) I also wanted to use it because it will grow with her and never be out of date. (At least for this kind of space) The fabric is sturdy which I love, and soon, will do a post on, "What I learned while making a Cushion". Subtitle … "Someone, save me from this HELL on earth"! You get the idea. I had to make it, as the size I needed, made it too expensive to purchase. I love it and I am glad that I can say, "I did it!!!!!"
There were more books in the baskets below that she could open … A "Handy Manny" series. Teach them while they are young 🙂
This sweet little pig became my theme and I found her, and her books at #Costco. I am so happy that I went with her as the theme as it gave me an opportunity to bring in a paint color that I would not have chosen otherwise, but now am in LOVE with!
I am not removing the door, so that it remains a secret that it exists. After all, children love secret spaces. Then again, So do I! I set a plant in front of the door and she did not even peek in there once.
Miss Bliss over at Bliss Ranch suggested a bow on the door and I knew she was right! I love fun suggestions 🙂
Miss Precious and Adorable Daughter disappeared on Christmas Day. Look where I found them.
It is almost hard to remember the closet it used to be, until I did a side by side. I vote for the Reading Nook in that space 🙂 LOL, as if you needed to have them labeled … I give you the Before and After! Thank you everyone for following along on this project, giving me support, and your interest. It means so much to me.
As a "THANK YOU" and celebrating one year of blogging I am hosting a giveaway. A $25 Starbucks card! (I don't know about you, but I could use coffee about now to keep awake while I clean up after the holidays!) Young or old, in the States or another country … anyone can enter. I am no longer on blogger and miss seeing your friendly faces, so I am hoping you will follow me either by Linky or Network Blogs.
Hugs and Happy 2013!
To find more on this project …
The Reading Nook was featured here …
I party here …
href="http://bloomdesignsonline.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"><img src=" https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-avCi_Oh_O-8/UN5IAcXnH2I/AAAAAAAAGo0/82TJVK6DA10/s512/0001cr.jpg" width="125″ height="125″ border="0″/>


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After a dry start to the month, the last eight days have seen some very wet weather affect the UK, causing widespread flooding and disruption. So just how much rain has the UK seen and where has been wettest? The following maps show the full picture.
The darkest blues on the map above show the areas that have seen the most rainfall, with South West England, Wales and parts of Northern England being particularly affected. How do these totals compare with the monthly average for November?
This map shows that areas from North East England through the Midlands to South West England have seen above average rainfall during the last eight days. However, parts of Northern Ireland and Scotland have seen very little.
As always, we have worked closely with the Environment Agency throughout the recent weather and have issued a series of accurate and useful forecasts and warnings which have helped emergency responders, county councils and members of the public stay informed about the latest developments.
Assistant Chief Constable of Devon and Cornwall Police, Paul Netherton, said: "I would like to formally thank and recognise the hard work of the Met Office over the past week. The information provided was invaluable and enabled the responders in Devon, Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly to prepare and respond effectively to assist our communities."
For the rest of this week it looks as though there will be some respite from the rain with much drier conditions forecast. It will be colder though, with an increased risk of frost, fog and even ice towards as we head through the next few days.


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The books about Pope John Paul II are now coming out in a steady flow—and there is some fascinating material here. Jerzy Kluger's childhood friendship with Karol Wojtyla—they were schoolmates together in Wadowice, spent much time in one another's homes, played football together—was to have long-lasting results many decades later. The Pope and I (Orbis Books, 2012), the book that Kluger completed just before he died in 2011, six years after his schoolmate's passing, now tells the full story. And it is one that is well worth reading.
Members of the Kluger family were leading figures in Wadowice's large Jewish community. Jerzy's father was a lawyer and had studied at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Jerzy met Karol Woytila in junior school and they became fast friends. The young Kluger learned much Polish history from Karol's father, who loved to tell them stories of chivalry and honor. There are some rather touching descriptions of small-town life, of the school dance that celebrated the completion of their final exams, and of their discussions about the future and their hopes and plans.
As we know, the future was to be far grimmer than any schoolboy in Poland or elsewhere could have imagined. After a short spell at Warsaw University, where anti-Jewish students beat him up very badly, Kluger returned to Wadowice. His father made arrangements for him to study in Britain, but war intervened—Germany invaded from the West, the Soviet Army from the East, and Poland was doomed. Kluger and his father were caught by the Soviets and transported to the remote Arctic region of the USSR. He never saw his mother, his sister, or his grandmother again—Wadowice came under German control, and they were taken to a concentration camp and perished there. Kluger writes with particularly tender memories of his sister, a clever and scholarly girl who was also an excellent tennis player.
Kluger himself was one of the Poles who, after Hitler attacked Russia, were allowed to join the Polish Army and make their way out of the USSR—he saw action at Monte Cassino and elsewhere. And after the war, he fulfilled his father's original plan by going to England and studying engineering at Nottingham. He married an English girl and raised two daughters, running a successful business and eventually settling in Rome. Which is where the story takes another extraordinary turn.
In Rome, in the 1960s, the Second Vatican Council was taking place, and Archbishop Karol Wojtyla was among those attending. Kluger realized that this must be the Wojtyla he had known at school, and made contact with the clergy house where the archbishop was staying. And so a new chapter began. There is a moving description of how they met and talked and talked, walking together until it grew dark. It was to be the first of many meetings. Over the next years, Archbishop Wojtyla and Kluger met whenever the former visited Rome on Church business. And then came the day in 1978 when white smoke indicated the election of a new pope—and Archbishop Wojtyla became John Paul II.
As we all know, one of the many great achievements of Blessed John Paul's remarkable pontificate was the forging of a whole new relationship with the Jewish people. His visit to a synagogue in 1986 was the first since St. Peter's almost 2,000 years earlier, and it opened the way for new hopes and new possibilities. Through contacts made by Jerzy Kluger, eventually formal diplomatic ties were established between the Vatican and Israel.
The strong personal bonds on which this huge breakthrough rested were deep: Pope John Paul became a friend of Kluger's wife and daughters, presided at the wedding of Kluger's granddaughter, shared many meals and long talks with the family. When John Paul went to Israel, praying at the Western Wall and honoring the Holocaust victims commemorated at Yad Vashem, Kluger was a witness and describes it all movingly. These were extraordinary events, and they have a quality of spiritual depth to them which is almost unfathomable: what is being played out in history is not just the healing of old hurts and the fostering of a new era but something more, something in the plan of God, something relating to God's great designs for the people of the Old Covenant, for whom he has great love.
Jerzy Kluger writes well and with careful attention to detail: all sorts of things bring the book alive, such as the Pope's formal, old-fashioned Polish when speaking on the telephone—he always asked for "Engineer Jerzy Kluger"—and his excellent memory, which allowed him to recall conversations from years earlier.
What will happen next? The problems in the Middle East—the due rights and obligations of Israel and of the Palestinians—continue to be a source of difficulties and a true and lasting peace seems elusive. We have to commit it all to prayer.
What about the wider issue of the relationship between the Church and the Jews? Here, Vatican II's Nostra Aetate is important, and in this 50th anniversary year of that great Council its message of goodwill needs to be heeded anew. Alas, there are still anti-Semitic voices to be heard among Catholics—as I found to my disgust just recently at a Catholic event where a couple made horrible anti-Jewish remarks and spoke passionately against Blessed John Paul for having visited a synagogue. There is still work to be done in teaching all Catholics that the Church solemnly condemns all anti-Semitism and specifically denounces the idea that the Jews should be blamed for Christ's death.
The Kluger/John Paul story, told in this most readable book, makes its own unique contribution to history—a remarkable friendship, stretching across the tragedy of war and into the mysterious designs of Providence, playing out in the drama of an astonishing pontificate presided over by a saint. Like so much else in the life of John Paul, this is hallmarked by a sense of being held very closely and tenderly in God's hands.
Lino Zani's book The Secret Life of John Paul (Saint Benedict Press, 2012) has a silly title, which promises a tabloid-journalism series of revelations that, fortunately, it does not deliver. It is, however, a thoroughly good read: the Zani family ran a skiing lodge in the Italian mountains where John Paul came to stay for a brief skiing trip early in his papacy, and thus began a friendship with the family which ripened over the years. Lino Zani writes with particular vividness about the Pope at prayer, and how he seemed so intensely and utterly united with God at such times. John Paul shared with the Zani family a great love of the mountains and of their spectacular beauty. He also relished Mama Zani's simple but delicious meals, and the welcome that he was given into what was, in addition to being a skiing lodge, a family home steeped in Catholic traditions and strong in affection and loyalty.
There are descriptions of the skiing and the snow, and of the arrangements that had to be made when the Italian Prime Minister joined the group, and so on. There are some coy admissions of the author's own lapses from good Catholic practice over the years, and some tender recollections of Blessed John Paul's fatherly advice. But the real poignancy of the book comes at the end, with a rather haunting reference to the extraordinary revelations of the Third Secret of Fatima—that description of a vision of a Pope struggling over a ruined city where many lie dead. I won't spoil your own reading of the book by too much detail on this, but given the very specific links between the Italian mountains, the battles of 1917, and Blessed John Paul's own brush with death—well, let's just say it's thought-provoking.
You will, in any case, enjoy this book. And it will bring back memories of a much-loved pope who combined a zeal for souls with great intellectual activity, and who also, according to Zani, "skiied like a swallow" and was wonderful company.
The Pope and I. Jerzy Kluger. Orbis Books, New York, 2012
The Secret Life of John Paul II. Lino Zani. Saint Benedict Press, North Carolina, 2012
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A soft beverage means any liquid drink which doesn't consist of alcoholic articles. The headline is mostly used to refer to carbonated beverages for example soda, and seltzer, while it can technically be used for fruit drinks and milk products.
The first carbonated soft drinks were the vitamin waters present in some popular springs. Numerous historic societies believed that showering in and enjoying these beverages possessed a variety of health and fitness benefits. Often a shrine or wellness cult would mature around the wells and springs that have been the original source of such beverages.
It wasn't before the 1700's that professionals started to learn operations that could permit them to replicate the vitamin seas discovered naturally in those springs. English chemist Joseph Priestley was the first who actually were able to merge distilled normal water with fractional co2. His operation was increased upon and created simpler by John Mervin Nooth, who actually built a carbonating product for the commercial transactions to drug stores.
The Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman helped bring carbonated soft drinks to the next level, creating an operation whereby chalk could possibly be put together with a sulfuric acid solution to produce large quantities of unnatural carbonated liquids. It had been his operation that might eventually have the ability to begin supplying carbonated sodas into a bulk market of consumers.
Carbonated fizzy drinks have been initially manufactured well-known in the USA, each time a Yale biochemistry professor started off promoting them in New Haven Connecticut beginning in 1806 using a North gadget. Suppliers also started providing the cocktails in New York and Philadelphia through the first 50 % of the nineteenth century. The excitement of the drinks went through the roof, and by 1830 there were numerous production facilities making soda fountains with a volume scale.
One of the early troubles with the soft drink sector was containment. When carbonated water was put into a jar, it could produce an enormous volume of pressure on whatever was applied to close that jar. This can lead to oxygen escaping, resulting in the beverage traveling smoothly. During this period countless patents had been declared cork, and cover approaches, all of these were actually unsuccessful in keeping the containers covered with time.
The problem was finally sorted out by William Painter, a device retail outlet user based out of Baltimore, who conceived the Crown Cork Container Seal. This procedure was quite effective to keep the atmosphere covered inside the bottle, and allowed for the extensive distribution of a number of carbonated fizzy drinks.
At the moment the bottles utilized to deliver fizzy drinks were actually all created from palm-blown windows. In 1899 the very first patent was released to your business for the auto device production of containers. By 1903 the Libby Cup Organization got launched the 1st window package herb, and just a couple of brief yrs later they could create approximately 58,000 bottles each day.
The 1920s noticed spectacular development in the recognition of the delicate drink, as vending machines did start to look in public places. This was also as soon as the "Residence Pak" was created a clever marketing approach that enclosed many containers or cans, normally a derivative of six, and marketed them as boxed units.
Nowadays the gentle drink is not merely an American tradition but has traveled around the world, with companies like Coca-Cola and Pepsi releasing numerous gallons of soft drinks as well as other beverages to each and every nation on earth.
Inspired by: ezinearticles


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I have decided to accept the challenge of Amy Johnson Crow over at No Story Too Small blog. Amy challenges us: 52 Ancestors in 52 weeks. I think this is an excellent challenge as I tend to focus on my brick walls, and this will force me to fan out in my tree and focus on other ancestors.
Actor Maintains Role of a Lifetime, for 153 years!!!
This is week 17 and my seventeenth post and this is my most complicated Ancestor so far. Over the last four Amanuensis Monday's, I have shared letters with you from my great-grandmother Dona (Williams) Higginbotham to the Boullemet family in New Orleans, regarding the true identity of her father and my 2nd great-grandfather, Rev. Francis Hereford Williams.
The first week, she inquired with the New Orleans Post Office as to their whereabouts. The second week, the post office responded and so did a Boullemet. The third week, she wrote to Mrs. Bartels, the daughter of Stephen and Elizabeth Boullemet, who wasn't exactly overjoyed to hear from her. The fourth and final week, Mrs. Bartels responds that she and her sister wouldn't be burdened with a cause to which they weren't called, and Dona responds most elegantly.
This is the story as I have pieced it together, and then I will tell you how I came to this conclusion, and the results of my still ongoing research.
Imagine this, it's 1862 – you're in the heat of the battle during the war between the states, you get shot in the head, and everything goes dark.
You sleep, and your mind sinks into dark and gloomy places and your dreams are half crazed. You pray and fight to reach the sunlight, and suddenly you are awake.
But the recovery is hard and you try to go back to your old life, but things just aren't the same. The wound has changed everything. Your thoughts, the direction you want your life to go and you realize that this is no longer the life you want.
So one day, after a performance, you walk off the stage and you never look back. You leave your old life behind and start afresh.
You meet a worthy woman, marry her, and have two delightful daughters. You change your whole life, become a minister and spread the word of God.
But, your old head wound dogs you and maybe your past is chasing you. Never relenting. You kiss your wife and children goodbye at the train station and check into the Confederate Home at Austin, Texas hoping for some relief, anything to help restore your mind to the plain it once occupied and the man you used to be.
You check in on August 15, 1890 and you give them your name, "F.H. Williams", Physician, born 1839 in Missouri a member of company "E" 1st Louisiana Volunteer Infantry Wright's, and you list your kidney disease.
You write home often, missing your wife and children terribly but treatments work and you become the man you once were, able to provide for your family again, and you reassure your family of improved health, and soon you leave the Confederate Home on February 16, 1891.
Time goes by, your life is happy but the darkness of your mind returns and you decide to share some details with your family of your past hoping to ease the pain and guilt of a past life given up.
They try to locate your family to no avail. [See letters listed above in the Amanuensis Monday links]
The wound continues to put unbearable pressure on your brain, and you have surgery to relieve the pressure. There is no relief and you succumb to your old head wound, fifty-five years after it happened.
Ok, so I don't know how he changed his name or why he did. But, I believe he changed his name and I will list the reasons why I think so.
Let's take a look at some of the finer points of the letters I shared with you.
In 1917, you don't just google up some names and hope they might have a missing relative you can claim as your own father. When Dona inquires to the post office in New Orleans, I believe there is no other way she could have known the details of this family unless her father truly had knowledge of them and believed them to be his family.
Mrs. Bartels, states that her mother's family name was "Watkins" not "Williams".
Mrs. Bartels states that her grandfather, a most worthy man, broken-hearted thro the conduct of an only son, totally blinded by sun stroke was not a wealthy man, that her grandparents were absolute dependents upon her father (Stephen Boullemet) for about 30 years, and both rest in their family tomb. So let's start with them.
When I first read the letters, I always felt the answer could be found within the family tomb. In 2012 on a trip to New Orleans, my sister BJ, and her daughter Leslie tried desperately to find the family tomb, but couldn't. They weren't posted on Find A Grave either. When I started posting the letters for Amanuensis Monday, I started just double checking everyone on ancestry.com and I noticed a little green leaf flashing up on Stephen Boullemet indicating there was a new hint. Boosh! Someone posted a photo of the family tomb of Stephen Boullemet on Find A Grave, which ended up being in the Odd Fellows Rest Cemetery in New Orleans, which is closed to the public and explains why they couldn't find it.
Here is a photo of the door of the tomb.
Interesting! So if Elizabeth was indeed a Watkins, and her parents were buried in the Family tomb, then her parents must be Thomas and Eleanor Watkins. And look who else is in the family tomb, Mrs. Bartels!! She passed away fourteen years after the letters to Dona.
This of course prompted me to look to the census reports to find out what I could about Thomas and Eleanor Watkins. I found them listed on the 1860 census, living in Ward 6 in St. Louis, Missouri in a boarding house. And here is Thomas listed as blind from sun stroke, so this is definitely the right family.
So, look who else is listed with Thomas and Eleanor. There is a Jesse, 21 years of age (same age Rev. Williams would be) born in Louisiana, and had been in school within this year. However, there is a Roland Watkins, same age as Jesse (and Rev. Williams), listed that he was married within the year, and is listed as an ACTOR! Then, there is a Jane Watkins, 23 years old, Actress, born in Ireland and married within the year, so I take her to be the wife of Roland.
Mrs. Bartels writes that her mother (Elizabeth "Watkins" Boullemet) had but one brother that reached manhood, that she never saw after the civil war. So, between Jesse or Roland, one will soon die, and the other one will soon disappear. They are both at the age of 21, so are they twins? Could one be a cousin or nephew of Thomas, and not a son? The age of 21 seems like manhood to me though, so that makes me lean toward one of them not being a son, but odd they are the same age.
Mrs. Bartels said her uncle married secretly a young woman employed and trusted by her parents, Stephen and Elizabeth Boullemet. I headed over to Familysearch.org and found Roland B. Watkins, married to a Jane Casseldy on 12 Dec 1859, in the Louisiana Marriages, 1816-1906 Index. So, that was within the year of the 1860 census, so I was right, Jane is Roland's wife.
Having found no more information on the Jesse Watkins that was listed in the 1860 census, I lean more toward the fact that Roland is Rev. Williams.
Back to Jane and Roland, I wonder could Jane have worked for Stephen and Elizabeth Boullemet? I know her occupation is listed here on the 1860 census as an actress, but I find her on the 1880 census, listed as a widow, and a servant in the home of Edward Hart.
Maybe it's possible she was a servant to the Boullemet's, Roland met her and they eloped and became actors.
Thanks to Kookie, she found a couple of news articles reporting the acting career of Mr. and Mrs. Watkins.
I also found it every interesting that he was referred to in one of those articles, as Harry Watkins. In a letter dated 1910, addressed to Mrs. F.H. Williams, her niece refers to F.H. Williams as Uncle Harry. I sure wish I knew what bad luck she referred to!
I never found Rev. Williams in the regiment he listed when he checked into the Confederate Home, but guess who I did find? Roland Watkins!
I was confused when looking for information on this regiment, because Rev. Williams listed it as Wright's on the Confederate Home register, but I saw someone post in a forum that this regiment was sent to Virginia and were divided up to many companies, and there was one listed as Wrights, so it's possible that he transferred to the Army of of Northern Virginia. I haven't found proof of this yet, as far as muster rolls, but I did find this sentence in one of Rev. Williams' letters home, where he says his problems were due to his service with the Army of Northern Virginia.
Now, as far as the service of Roland Watkins, his muster rolls list him as deserted in 1862. Is it possible though, he had the head wound and laid somewhere unable to give his name? Or maybe he was transferred to Northern Virginia and paperwork never made to his regiment? More research will have to be done here to see if I can find any records of Roland in the Army of Northern Virginia, or Rev. Williams.
I don't know what happened to prompt Rev. Williams to change his name. Maybe Jane drove him crazy. If she was truly a servant, then an actress, and maybe she was wild and Rev. Williams couldn't take it anymore and since his family had disowned him, he left. Maybe he divorced her and left. Maybe he just left and she listed herself as a widow. I did find this about her.
So, did Roland become Rev. Williams and maintain the role of a lifetime? You tell me! This is so far-fetched I don't know whether to seek help with a certified genealogist or with Jerry Springer!!
I do know I have more research to do. I need to find out more about Jesse Watkins, I need to see if I can find a death for Roland since Jane was listed as a widow. Any more suggestions on where or what I could look at to prove or disprove this?
I'll just close this weeks 52 Ancestor Post by saying, I wish I could tell you this was about Rev. Williams, but it's possible it was about Roland Watkins and it's highly possible it's not really about either one!
Are you confused yet? I am! 🙂


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Earned Success Is Key to Happiness and Helping the Poor, Scholar Argues
WASHINGTON – Government programs that take away poor people's incentive to earn their own success are immoral, because earned success is the key to happiness, Arthur Brooks, president of the American Enterprise Institute, argued recently in an interview on "The Morality of the Market," at the National Review Institute's 2013 Summit, "The Future of Conservatism."
Brooks has a master's degree in economics and a Ph.D. in policy analysis and has conducted research and written books on happiness. He found that the happiest people have at least two or three of the following: faith, family, community, and work that is satisfying and vocational.
The key to their happiness, though, is earned success, he said. Success does not have to be financial success; there are those with high levels of income and low levels of income who are equally happy because they feel that they have earned their success as they define success for themselves.
"Earned success," Brooks said, "is the belief that you are creating value in your life and value in the lives of other people."
Brooks believes this is an innate part of human nature, or part of the natural law. In conducting research on social entrepreneurs, Brooks said he has met hundreds of people who "live off tap water and ramen noodles, but they're happy because they've earned their success." He has also met many women who gave up careers to raise their children and are happy because they earned their success as they defined success for themselves.
The AEI president has also found that low-income workers who do not receive government benefits are much happier than poor people who do receive government benefits. His research followed people who were forced off of government welfare programs due to the 1996 welfare reform law. Ten years after they involuntarily had to stop receiving government benefits, they were much happier than those who were receiving government benefits.
"Here's the moral problem with what we are doing: we are ruining the lives of the poor. ... Everybody knows that hurting vulnerable people is an immoral thing to do," Brooks said.
Free enterprise has done more for poor people than government, Brooks believes. After 1970, he said, American-style free enterprise spread around the world. The result was that the number of those living in extreme poverty, or on $1 per day or less, declined by 80 percent. It was not government programs that did this, Brooks insisted, "It was globalization, free trade, property rights, rule of law, and entrepreneurship."
The problem with today's U.S. government, Brooks believes, is that it "doesn't know the difference between success and earned success."
In his Inauguration speech, President Barack Obama argued that government programs "do not make us a nation of takers; they free us to take the risks that make this country great."
Brooks disagrees. We are a nation of takers, he argued. About half of American families receive at least one unearned government entitlement and 70 percent of taxpayers take more out of the system than they put in.
"It's not that we're filthy beggars," Brooks said. "These are good patriotic people who want to get ahead. ... This is a country that is making it impossible to earn our success and that's immoral."


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The Surprising Economic Burden Of ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
It is estimated that as many as 10 million U.S. adults have ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). A recent research study (publication-pending) suggests that the economic burden of ADHD on America could be as high as $250 billion annually. I attended a recent briefing on Capitol Hill and interviewed one of the study's co-authors: Tufts economist, Dr. Peter Neumann as well as congressman (and psychologist) Tim Murphy about ADHD in America.
I learned from Dr. Neumann that cost these high cost estimates are most strongly influenced by reduced productivity in adult workers with ADHD rather than direct costs of treating children with the disorder. Productivity costs include absenteeism, and reduced work output due to difficulty focusing. Dr. Neumann explained that ADHD has many "spill over effects" in that it impacts the educational system, the justice system, the healthcare system, and our work environments. Please check out our interview video for the full story.
Congressman Tim Murphy is a clinical psychologist with three decades of experience in treating people with ADHD. He is also Co-chair of the Mental Health Caucus and GOP Doctors Caucus where he regularly works to raise awareness of healthcare accessibility needs. I had the chance to interview him also at the event.
I learned from Rep. Murphy that the costs of ADHD multiply when patients are untreated. Getting the correct diagnosis is critical, because impulsivity and problems with focusing are not always caused by ADHD. These symptoms can be caused by lead poisoning, damage to the limbic system of the brain, metabolic disorders, or even sleep apnea. Children who are inattentive should not be put on medications for ADHD without first confirming the diagnosis by ruling out other possible causes.
Rep. Murphy recommends a team approach to the management and treatment of ADHD and he believes that costs related to ADHD are escalating because some physicians are not managing children holistically, but resorting to prescribing medications without involving counselors and family directly. He sees lack of health insurance coverage for behavioral health services as a threat to comprehensive and effective ADHD treatment.
Please watch the video for the full interview with congressman Murphy.
*Please note that the panel event, and Better Health's participation, was made possible by a grant from Shire Pharmaceuticals.


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The battle royal that is being played out between the different Cloud "operating systems" reached new heights at Structure last week. While all of us are talking about this stuff however, vendors and customers alike are simply trying to get going with these tools. They're not focused on idealogical battles, but rather on finding easy ways of getting their cloud up and running. After all the tension of the last couple of weeks, it's nice to see some deployment-focused announcements coming out.
Today it's the turn of Opscode, creator of the Chef open-source systems integration framework built specifically for automating the cloud. Opscode is announcing the publication of Chef for OpenStack, a reference deployment for building and managing OpenStack powered clouds. The project has been sponsored by Intel and driven by contributions from a bunch of OpenStack players.
The product includes five cookbooks aimed to ease deployment and automation of computing, object storage, image services, dashboard and identity services of OpenStack Essex. Versions of the cookbooks will also be published for the Intel CloudBuilders community, a cross-industry initiative aimed at making it easier to build, enhance, and operate cloud infrastructure.
At the same time Opscode also today announced the completion of a new knife command-line plugin for OpenStack Essex, enabling users to create, bootstrap and manage OpenStack Essex compute instances. With Opscode Chef, OpenStack users can automate everything from server provisioning to application deployment in OpenStack-based cloud architectures directly from the command line.
The cookbooks being released today include;
- OpenStack Compute: Enables enterprises and service providers to offer on-demand computing resources, by provisioning and managing large networks of virtual machines. Compute resources are accessible via APIs for developers building cloud applications and via web interfaces for administrators and users.
- OpenStack Object Storage: Provides a fully distributed, API-accessible storage platform that can be integrated directly into applications or used for backup, archiving and data retention.
- OpenStack Dashboard: Provides administrators and users a graphical interface to access, provision and automate cloud-based resources.
- OpenStack Image Service: Provides discovery, registration and delivery services for disk and server images.
- OpenStack Identify Service: Provides a central directory of users mapped to the OpenStack services they can access, acting as a common authentication system across the cloud operating system.
One of the major criticisms of OpenStack (see disclosure page) has been the fact that with so many different flavors of the product, it's a very fragmented platform and reduced the reality of the "port your workloads across vendors" story. Any vendor that is actually able to install a consistent flavor of OpenStack across different vendors is on to a good thing. The jury remains out however on how possible that really is, in talking with enStratus' George Reese about the topic I asked him whether, in his view, an automated deployment tool would really work across vendors – he was fairly doubtful suggesting that the differences between the various distributions are just too great to enable a single deployment tool across vendors anytime soon, if ever.
For their own product, enStratus "tunes" their tool for each specific vendor's flavor of OpenStack. That task is much more challenging for OpsCode since the installs are so different across tools. I'm not suggesting that OpsCode can't do at least some of what it says, but I'd suggest that the day that we'll see painless cross-vendor OpenStack installation in an automated fashion is a fair way off.


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Ruth Marcus: Hillary's lawyerly past
It should not be necessary to write this column.
Lawyers represent clients. Criminal defense lawyers represent clients accused of crimes — sometimes horrible, evil clients accused of heinous crimes. It is the ethical and professional responsibility of these lawyers to defend those clients as vigorously as possible.
Sometimes such representation results in less than perfectly just results. As Justice Benjamin Cardozo famously put it, the criminal goes free because the constable has blundered. That is the way — the only way — an adversary system of criminal justice can function.
End of story. Or, it would be, except that the decades-old criminal case involves Hillary Clinton.
To back up, Clinton — then Hillary Rodham — was a 27-year-old law professor in 1975 running a newly formed legal aid clinic at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville.
As reported by Glenn Thrush in Newsday in 2008, a "hard-drinking factory worker" named Thomas Alfred Taylor had been accused of raping a 12-year-old girl, the daughter of a family he was living with. Taylor had asked the judge to fire his court-appointed male lawyer and have a female attorney represent him instead. There were only a half-dozen women practicing law in the county at the time, and the judge picked Clinton.
When the prosecutor, Mahlon Gibson, called to tell her the news, "Hillary told me she didn't want to take that case, she made that very clear," Gibson told Newsday. Clinton herself described the incident in her autobiography, Living History: "I really didn't feel comfortable taking on such a client, but Mahlon gently reminded me that I couldn't very well refuse the judge's request."
So Clinton went to work. She attacked the physical evidence against Taylor, enlisting a noted forensics expert to cast doubt on the validity of the physical evidence against her client.
And, as is distasteful but common in rape cases, Clinton prepared to attack the victim's credibility. Requesting that the victim undergo a psychiatric examination, Clinton wrote in an affidavit, "I have been informed that the complainant is emotionally unstable with a tendency to seek out older men and to engage in fantasizing. I have also been informed that she has in the past made false accusations about persons, claiming they had attacked her body."
Was there a basis for this claim? The victim says not; the state's investigator doesn't recall such evidence; the records were lost in a flood. In any event, the forensic attack carried the day; the prosecutor reduced the charges from first-degree rape to unlawful fondling of a minor. Taylor received four years' probation and a year in jail.
This story was revived recently after the Washington Free Beacon unearthed audiotapes of interviews conducted by reporter Roy Reed and deposited at the University of Arkansas.
"I had him take a polygraph, which he passed — which forever destroyed my faith in polygraphs," Clinton recalled for him, and chuckled.
"What was sad about it was that the prosecutor had evidence, among which was his underwear ... which was bloody," she recalled. The crime lab "neatly cut out the part that they were going to test," came back with results, and promptly sent back the underpants with a hole — having thrown away the crucial piece. So Clinton presented the prosecutor with her expert's credentials and announced, "This guy's ready to come from New York to prevent this miscarriage of justice." Again, chuckling.
To the Free Beacon, this story "calls into question Clinton's narrative of her early years as a devoted women and children's advocate in Arkansas." In its view, Clinton "struck a casual and complacent attitude toward ... the trial for rape of a minor."
Let's stipulate: Clinton's laughter can sometimes be off-putting; she tends to use it to deflect unwelcome questions. But on tape, her laughter is at bureaucratic ineptitude, not the victim.
Feel free to believe Clinton would be a terrible president. Don't blame her for doing her job.
The real scandal would have been if she had let feminist ideology trump her ethical duty to zealously represent even the most loathsome client.


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It's a good question. He's not a cigar smoker, unless chided into it by Michael Jordan on some remote part of a very private golf course. But he is simply one of the greatest athletes ever to play any sport at any time in history. You can speak about Tiger Woods in the same breath as you mention Babe Ruth, Muhammad Ali, Pelé, Wayne Gretzky and, yes, Michael Jordan. These men elevated their sports, and in some cases, changed the ground rules for it, while rewriting record books that have stood the test of time. Tiger is on the verge of making that same kind of history in the world of golf.
What is it about Tiger? He has certainly transcended golf. The public's awareness of his name, and his face, ranks right up with some of the most famous movie stars or politicians of our time. He earns many times his annual golf winnings in endorsements from companies that want to associate their products with his aura of excellence.
Excellence is the key word, and it is one of the reasons we sought to do a story about him. Yes, we love golf, and are avid fans of everything about the game. But if you remember back to Tiger's early days on the PGA Tour, he never wavered, nor was ever shy, about stating his goal to become the best golfer that had ever teed it up. His stated desire to best Jack Nicklaus's record of 18 major championships seemed almost naïve, and even Tiger admitted that it was a goal that could be derailed by injury or that mysterious breakdown that happens to great golfers sometimes. Nonetheless, it didn't stop Tiger from laying down the challenge to himself. He has worked harder and harder to achieve the goal, even reengineering a swing that produced a record-winning margin in the 1997 Masters. Most experts now agree it is not a question of if he'll break Nicklaus's record, but when.
We live in a time when professional athletes seem to have lost the burning desire to compete. They make so much money, and become so comfortable in their lives, without a shred of financial worry, that it does something to their competitive zeal. Most would deny it. But we, the fans, see it every season in every sport. In most sports, the only games where you see full effort from first whistle to last second are the ones in the playoffs.
Half-hearted effort or a blasé reaction to competition is the last thing you expect to see when you watch Tiger Woods in a golf tournament. Every shot is contested, and he concentrates on making every shot the best that he possibly can. In our story, veteran golf writer Jeff Williams documents how his opponents struggle with the knowledge that one mistake against Tiger can mean defeat, because in the heat of competition, Tiger rarely makes those fatal mistakes, and he will always take the risk of producing the best shot and the lowest score. Like Jordan wanting the ball in the closing seconds, or the Babe calling his home run shot, Tiger possesses a supreme confidence born of absolute mastery that he can do it whenever he calls upon his God-given abilities.
It's what sets Tiger apart not only from his fellow golfers today, but from athletes in all sports. And it is why we bring him to you through the lens of fans who admire excellence in all walks of life.


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The sun erupted in an amazing solar flare today (April 16), unleashing an intense eruption of super-heated plasma that arced high above the star's surface before blasting out into space.
The powerful solar flare occurred at 1:45 p.m. EDT (1745 GMT) and registered as a moderate M1.7-class on the scale of sun storms, placing it firmly in the middle of the scale used by scientists to measure flare strength. The storm is not the strongest this year from the sun, but photos and video of the solar flare captured by NASA spacecraft revealed it to be an eye-popping display of magnetic plasma.
"Great eruption happening on the sun now," scientists with NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) wrote in a Twitter post.
The solar flare erupted along the sun's eastern limb (its left side) from an active region that may also be responsible for solar storm activity observed on Sunday, SDO mission officials said. The flare kicked up a massive amount of solar plasma in an explosion known as a coronal mass ejection, or CME.
"Such eruptions are often associated with solar flares, and in this case an M1 class (medium-sized) flare did occur at the same time, though it was not aimed toward Earth," officials with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., explained in an image description. The Goddard center oversees the sun-monitoring SDO mission.
When aimed at Earth, strong solar flares and CMEs can supercharge the planet's auroras, also known as the northern and southern lights. Extremely powerful CMEs can pose a danger to astronauts and satellites in space, as well as power grids, navigation and communications systems on Earth.
Astronomers measure solar flares on a letter scale, with the strongest events falling into three categories: C, M and X. C-class solar flares are the weakest events, with the X-class sun storms marking the most powerful events on the sun.
The sun is currently in an active phase of its 11-year solar weather cycle and is expected to reach its peak activity in 2013. The current solar weather cycle is known as Solar Cycle 24.
You can follow SPACE.com Managing Editor Tariq Malik on Twitter @tariqjmalik. Follow SPACE.com for the latest in space science and exploration news on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.


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Hi @ea1kt, what are you talking about exactly? which attack with 4 windows? what you are describing are not windows are the order of the actions to take. You can do your own action order choosing options on menus. What you want can be done doing that actions in the precise order.
@cold iron, what you mean with "mode where it's looking for sites to use" ?? Do you mean standard airodump-ng scanning? ok, airgeddon is using airodump-ng, so using it without using airgeddon is exactly the same. The power of your card is the same and that is not related to airgeddon. The unique difference using airgeddon's airodump-ng is that airgeddon is filtering out the unneeded networks depending of the menu on which you are launching it. For example, if you are on the WEP menu, on the scan only WEP networks will appear. If you are on Handshake capturing menu, only WPA/WPA2 networks will appear, etc. This may cause that inside airgeddon the results of the scan are less but is not true. They are the same but they are filtered in order to be useful.


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With a teenage son now and plans of a multigenerational home in the future, (ok, so I can't wait for grandchildren) we decided that a second bathroom would be nice to have. Since this bathroom was on the second floor, it needed to be raised up to include the plumbing underneath which meant making a step for my short legs.
My husband thought we should have a bathtub, which is a rarity here in Mexico. After pricing the fiberglass tubs, he decided he would make it out of tile. So he did. Again, because of my short legs, another step had to be built.
We had another search for suitable tile to go with the cream and brown color scheme. We found some creamy beige tile that seemed like it would be ok and ordered 12 boxes. When the delivery guy arrived, there were 9 boxes of cream tile and 3 boxes of other tiles. Of course, my husband didn't notice this until all the tile had been unloaded. He refused the order. He and the delivery guy loaded everything back on the truck.
Over the course of the next 2 days, my husband went back and forth to town to try and get this resolved. There were only 9 boxes of the cream tile to be found. So he accepted the 9 boxes and the store manager deducted the cost of the 3 boxes of hideous tile. Then the 9 boxes were delivered a second time and work could commence.
Because there were now only 9 boxes instead of 12, there was not enough tile to do the bottom of the tub. His brother B was also tiling his house and had asked to borrow the truck for tile pickup so when they went to pick up B's tile, my husband bought 2 boxes of brown tile to finish the floor. I can't say that I really like it, but it's not like many people will see it. It's at the bottom of the tub.
Then there's the issue of the tub not having a faucet. Our shower downstairs has a faucet on the wall, but no tub. I'm not sure why that is. So, lieu of a faucet, we opted for a shower nozzle on a flexible hose. I figured it would be just the thing since my son washes his hair every single day but doesn't always shower. In the event of an actual bath, we could always fill the tub with buckets. My husband even assured me he would heat the water on the outside cooking grill if need be. Ok then. We do plan on getting a boila (hot water heater) eventually, but it will have to wait.
We had a toilet and sink left over from one of my husband's remodeling jobs. He installed them but the toilet wasn't exactly what I had in mind. It had a broken tank cover and was white which so didn't go with the overall cream and brown classic look I was going for. I know, so picky!
We shopped around a bit, not precisely for the color although that was a big factor, but for a toilet that had a smaller tank. Water conservation is still our number one concern. We found a cream one reasonably priced and brought it home.
The next step was getting another tinaco (water storage container) and installing it. Some heaving and ho-ing got it up on the roof. An afternoon's work and it had a base. The pipes took a few runs to the ferreteria (hardware store), but it got done. As it's on the second floor and not the first floor, it is against regulations for the water delivery truck to fill it, so we are considering a water pump. Until that happens, 'algo pa'la soda' (a little donation towards the purchase of a "soda") should get the tinaco filled.
The sink faucet was a hassle. We went hither and yon looking for something that would do. After we made our choice, my husband installed it only to find that it leaked. Back we went to return it. The shop gave us another model. AND it leaked too. Remember, water is sacred. There will be no leaking in our home. Third time's the charm I guess. No leaky faucet with the third model.
The tub ended up being too big for just one shower curtain. It was a good thing I had bought two, thinking to change out the downstairs shower curtain as well.
Our Harley carpenter made a wooden towel bar the matched the wooden curtain rod. More on him later. A mirror positioned just so to reflect back the light from the window and a plant artistically arranged and the bathroom was done.


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Sports'n'Such column: Local basketball teams playing well
It may be early in the season, but if the first month of games are any indication, a good share of Siskiyou County basketball teams are on their way to having potentially memorable seasons.
First up is the College of the Siskiyous women's basketball team. The squad is currently 11-1 for the year after going 23-4 last season. Led by longtime head coach Tom Powers the Lady Eagles are looking at winning a Golden Valley Conference title for the second year in a row and making a deep run in the playoffs after losing in the second round last season. If the first 12 games are any indication, COS is well on its way to achieving its goals. A key, Powers recently told me, was in great post play by sophomores Hailey Wales and Anna Cameron. Both players have been putting up terrific numbers in several categories, including Cameron, a native of New Zealand, leading the team in scoring. Also looking strong is guard Shyanna Ashworth, who is second on the team in scoring. Starting point guard Carrie Watson has also opened up a lot of eyes with her play.
Watson, a 2009 Yreka High graduate, has been a key contributor, scoring around 10 points a game. Watson first was on the COS team in 2009 but dropped out of school, and by her own admission had some personal difficulties, leading to her checking into a rehabilitation center in February for a drug problem. She got her life turned around and went back to school and the Lady Eagles basketball team. She has now turned a major corner and is earning rave reviews from her teammates and coach Powers for her athletic skills and her great demeanor and passion for the game and has fit right into this Lady Eagles team. I did an interview with Watson for a story that ran in the paper last week. In talking to her I came away quite impressed with her honesty and how determined she was to succeed. It was obvious she knew this was an unexpected second chance to play basketball again and she was doing everything she could do to do things right this go around. I give Watson so much credit for all she has overcome and what she accomplishing with the Lady Eagles. She is quite the inspirational story. I wish the best of luck to her and the rest of the COS squad this season.
In Yreka, the Lady Miners are a team that took a bit of time to get going, but once they have they have shown they could be a team to be reckoned with once the Northern Athletic League Season begins. The first five games for Yreka they went 1-4 and did not seem in sync in the games I saw them play. It was obvious they had some very talented players but things were taking time to gel. Well, since falling to Fall River at a tournament in Mount Shasta on Dec. 7, the Lady Miners have put up six straight wins to improve to 7-4 for the season.
Head coach Ken Dysert recently told me the team is doing a better job picking up the system, especially on defense and that the girls are doing a better job playing as a team. Big wins for the Miners included a 41-39 win over Henley at home. The Hornets are considered one the best team in its division in Oregon and won a state title last year. Yreka also defeated Anderson, which is considered a top tier team in the NAl, thanks to a three-pointer at the buzzer by Katie Brummett on Saturday in Orland. The victory gave Yreka the tournament title.
It's terrific to see a team find its footing and the way they are starting to click. I'm looking forward to seeing how the Lady Miners do once the NAl season begins next month. The Etna Lady Lions are also doing quite well so far and went 2-1 at a tournament in Fall River this past weekend and have looked more than solid this season While I have not seen them play yet I have heard this could be a strong season for Etna.
The Mount Shasta and Weed boys basketball teams also have looked very strong and it should be a battle in the Shasta Cascade League this season.
While the Yreka boys are currently 5-6 for the year, they have played well for the most part this season.
Considering they won only five games all of last season, it is obvious this is a team that is making strides.
I'm looking forward to seeing how all the local teams fare this season.


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Advent (from the Latin word adventus meaning "coming") is a season observed in many Western Christian churches, a time of expectant waiting and preparation for the celebration of the Nativity of Jesus at Christmas. It is the beginning of the Western liturgical year and commences on Advent Sunday, called Levavi. The Eastern churches' equivalent of Advent is called the Nativity Fast, but it differs both in length and observances and does not begin the church year, which starts instead on September 1.
The progression of the season may be marked with an Advent calendar, a practice introduced by German Lutherans. At least in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran and Methodist calendars, Advent starts on the fourth Sunday before December 25, the Sunday from November 27 to December 3 inclusive.
Latin adventus is the translation of the Greek word parousia, commonly used in reference to the Second Coming of Christ. For Christians, the season of Advent serves as a reminder both of the original waiting that was done by the Hebrews for the birth of their Messiah as well as the waiting of Christians for Christ's return.
The theme of readings and teachings during Advent is often to prepare for the Second Coming while commemorating the First Coming of Christ at Christmas. With the view of directing the thoughts of Christians to the first coming of Jesus Christ as savior and to his second coming as judge, special readings are prescribed for each of the four Sundays in Advent.
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