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The newest innovation in … laundry? Anatomy of a new product, from idea to store shelves
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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 04/03/2012 (4044 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
NEW YORK, N.Y. – It took eight years, 450 product sketches, 6,000 consumer tests and hundreds of millions of dollars for Procter & Gamble to create something that it hopes will be destroyed in the wash.
Tide Pods are palm-size, liquid detergent-filled tablets that are designed to be tossed in the washer to take the measuring cups — and messiness — out of laundry. P&G says the product, which hit store shelves last month, is its biggest innovation in laundry in about a quarter of a century.
Tide Pods aren't the sexiest of inventions, but they illustrate how mature companies that are looking for growth often have to tweak things as mundane as soap and detergent. The story behind Tide Pods provides a window into the time, money and brainpower that goes into doing that.
P&G, the maker of everything from Pampers diapers to Pantene shampoo, has built its 175-year history on creating things people need and then improving them. (Think: Ivory soap in 1879; Swiffer Sweeper in 1999.) Each year, the maker of everything from Pampers diapers to Pantene shampoo spends $2 billion on research and development. The company also rolls out 27 products annually, or more than two a month, worldwide.
The focus on innovation has paid off. P&G says 98 per cent of American households have at least one of its products in cupboards, broom closets or bathrooms.
And while about 15 to 20 per cent of all new products succeed, P&G has claimed a 50 per cent success rate. Four of the top 10 new consumer products in 2010 were made by P&G, according to research firm SymphonyIRI.
"What they've gotten very good at is being able to understand consumer expectations," says Robert Passikoff, president of Brand Keys Inc., a New York customer research firm.
But improving things like window cleaner and toilet paper can take years. It also can cost hundreds of millions of dollars — or up to 100 per cent of first-year sales — to develop, make and market them. And even then, new products are a tough sell to consumers.
"You have to develop a product that is meaningfully better than the ones out there, which is tough because generally speaking consumer products work pretty well," says Ali Dibadj, an analyst at Bernstein Research who follows P&G. "You then have to convince the consumer to try the product … and then get that consumer to break their old habit to make a new one."
The $6.5 billion laundry detergent sector has been ripe for a new product. With the exception of fruity scents and suds that work in cold water, detergent hasn't changed much since P&G rolled out Liquid Tide in 1984.
Liquid Tide, which costs about $15 for 32 loads, is the bestselling detergent, according to SymphonyIRI, the research firm. But cheaper rivals have been gaining: For instance, the number of units sold of Church & Dwight's Arm & Hammer Oxi-Clean Laundry, the No. 2 detergent brand that costs $8 for 35 loads, rose 13 per cent in the past year. Unit sales of Liquid Tide were flat.
In 2004, P&G decided to try to freshen up the category. Surveys and observations of 6,000 consumers found that more than a third dreaded doing laundry. A big reason: nearly a quarter said their laundry was in the basement, requiring apartment dwellers to lug a seven-pound detergent bottle up and down stairs.
Researchers also found that people rewashed loads about 20 per cent of the time because they thought detergent didn't get their laundry clean enough.
And many were confused about which detergent to use when they wash in different ways: In regular washers and high-efficiency machines; big loads and small ones; and in hot and cold water.
"We knew people felt laundry was complicated," says Alex Keith, vice-president of P&G's unit that makes laundry detergents and fabric softeners.
So P&G set about to create a product that weighed less, cleaned better and could be used with any washing machine, any size load and in water at any temperature.
Pod-like products had been on the market before. P&G introduced tablets filled with powder detergent in 2000, but yanked them from stores shelves two years later. The problem was that powder tablets didn't always dissolve completely, leading to messiness. They also only worked in hot water.
To make sure Tide Pods would dissolve in hot and cold water, P&G turned to MonoSol, a company that makes water soluble films. The firm developed a polyvinyl alcohol film that not only dissolves in any temperature water, but even in sweaty palms. The film also is strong — it won't break even when stretched over the top of a can of marbles and shaken — but soft to the touch.
The film created another problem, though. Detergents, which mostly consist of water, would cause the pod to melt before it even gets into the wash. So P&G made a detergent that is 10 per cent water — compared with Liquid Tide, which is 50 per cent water.
Next, scientists had to figure out how to combine cleansers, brighteners and fabric softeners into one product, while keeping them separate until the pod dissolves in the wash. Doing so would ensure each liquid would work better. After 450 product sketches, P&G developed a proprietary technology that sections the pod into three chambers for all three liquids.
The result? A soft ball with three separate bubbles filled with liquids in Tide's trademark white, blue and orange colours.
Making the product was half the battle. Consumer testing is at the heart of product development for P&G, which has more than 25 facilities across the globe where people can use the things it makes.
The Beckett Ridge Innovation Center, located about 30 minutes from P&G's Cincinnati headquarters, is one of them. Inside, there's a 3,000-square-foot grocery store packed with everything from Charmin diapers to Cascade dishwashing liquid. There's also a 2,000-square-foot mock clapboard house where researchers analyze how people do laundry, wash dishes, take showers and change babies' diapers.
About 50 P&G researchers work at the centre, watching and videotaping about 20,000 shoppers each year in their "natural" environment. The testers are picked by third-party companies and paid based on the task they complete.
"When we watch consumers in action, we can see things they can't otherwise explain or articulate," says Jessica Hall White, director of P&G's unit that makes fabric care brands like Tide, Gain and Downy.
When P&G researchers had consumers test Tide Pods at the centre, they found that 97 per cent were satisfied with their experience, compared with about 68 per cent who felt that way beforehand while using regular detergent. People also liked how Tide Pods felt in their hands.
When it came to packaging, P&G took a more futuristic approach to testing. The company used three screens at the Innovation Center to project 3D images of a virtual grocery store. There, testers could see early designs of Tide Pod packaging on the virtual store shelves alongside regular detergents.
Researchers learned that people sometimes looked over the product. So P&G determined that in order to stand out, Tide Pods needed to have see-through packaging. The company developed a clear fishbowl-like container that shows the pods clearly.
The product was developed. The consumer tests were done. The packaging was complete. Next, it was time to get Tide Pods to market. P&G was poised to be the first to have its product priced at $20.89 for 57 pods in stores by September of last year.
But the company ran into problems making the pods, which require different manufacturing equipment than what's used to make regular detergent. At the same time, P&G was flooded with orders from supermarkets and retailers.
P&G declined to give details on the manufacturing problems it had, but it says the issues forced it to push back the launch date of Tide Pods by five months to February. In the hyper-competitive world of consumer products, that might as well be an eternity.
Tide Pods entered a market that was already getting crowded. Henkel's Purex UltraPacks and Sun Products' All Mighty Pacs came out in February, too. And Church and Dwight plans to launch its Toss 'N Done Power Packs— made of crystals — this month.
All of the products — all more expensive than liquid or powder detergents — are priced similarly. An analysis by research firm Janney Capital Markets found that Tide Pods' average price per pod is 27 cents, compared with Church & Dwight's and Sun Product's at 25 cents and Henkel's at 31 cents.
But P&G has a big advantage. The Tide brand is one of the most recognized in the world.
With pricing so close, P&G hopes to win over shoppers with performance and brand recognition. The company says it expects Tide Pods to ring up $300 million in sales during its first year.
San Marco, a Janney Capital analyst, says P&G is at a slight disadvantage because it wasn't first to market its product. But he believes its Tide Pods product is likely to hit its first-year sales goal.
"It seems when Procter does anything in the laundry category it makes a huge wave," he says.
Still, P&G isn't taking chances. The company spent an estimated $150 million on a marketing campaign to roll out Tide Pods. The first commercial debuted during the Academy Awards, one of TV's biggest events.
The tagline for the ad: "Pop In. Stand Out."


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NEW YORK (AP) — A different kind of F-word is stirring a linguistic and political debate as controversial as what it defines. The word is "fracking" — as in hydraulic fracturing, a technique long used by the oil and gas industry to free oil and gas from rock.
It's not in the dictionary, the industry hates it, and President Barack Obama didn't use it in his State of the Union speech even as he praised federal subsidies for it. The word sounds nasty, and environmental advocates have been able to use it to generate opposition — and revulsion — to what they say is a nasty process that threatens water supplies.
"It obviously calls to mind other less socially polite terms, and folks have been able to take advantage of that," said Kate Sinding, a senior attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council who works on drilling issues. One of the chants at an anti-drilling rally in Albany earlier this month was "No fracking way!"
Industry executives argue that the word is deliberately misspelled by environmental activists and that it has become a slur that should not be used by media outlets that strive for objectivity. "It's a co-opted word and a co-opted spelling used to make it look as offensive as people can try to make it look," said Michael Kehs, vice president for Strategic Affairs at Chesapeake Energy, the nation's second-largest natural gas producer.
To the surviving humans of the sci-fi TV series "Battlestar Galactica," it has nothing to do with oil and gas. It is used as a substitute for the very down-to-Earth curse word.
Michael Weiss, a professor of linguistics at Cornell University, says the word originated as simple industry jargon, but has taken on a negative meaning over time — much like the word "silly" once meant "holy." But "frack" also happens to sound like "smack" and "whack," with more violent connotations.
"When you hear the word 'fracking,' what lights up your brain is the profanity," says Deborah Mitchell, who teaches marketing at the University of Wisconsin's School of Business. "Negative things come to mind."
Obama did not use the word in his State of the Union address Tuesday night, when he said his administration will help ensure natural gas will be developed safely, suggesting it would support 600,000 jobs by the end of the decade.
In hydraulic fracturing, millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals are pumped into wells to break up underground rock formations and create escape routes for the oil and gas. In recent years, the industry has learned to combine the practice with the ability to drill horizontally into beds of shale, layers of fine-grained rock that in some cases have trapped ancient organic matter that has cooked into oil and gas.
By doing so, drillers have unlocked natural gas deposits across the East, South and Midwest that are large enough to supply the U.S. for decades. Natural gas prices have dipped to decade-low levels, reducing customer bills and prompting manufacturers who depend on the fuel to expand operations in the U.S.
Environmentalists worry that the fluid could leak into water supplies from cracked casings in wells. They are also concerned that wastewater from the process could contaminate water supplies if not properly treated or disposed of. And they worry the method allows too much methane, the main component of natural gas and an extraordinarily potent greenhouse gas, to escape.
Some want to ban the practice altogether, while others want tighter regulations. The Environmental Protection Agency is studying the issue and may propose federal regulations. The industry prefers that states regulate the process.
Some states have banned it. A New York proposal to lift its ban drew about 40,000 public comments — an unprecedented total — inspired in part by slogans such as "Don't Frack With New York." The drilling industry has generally spelled the word without a "K," using terms like "frac job" or "frac fluid."
Energy historian Daniel Yergin spells it "fraccing" in his book, "The Quest: Energy, Security and the Remaking of the Modern World." The glossary maintained by the oilfield services company Schlumberger includes only "frac" and "hydraulic fracturing."
The spelling of "fracking" began appearing in the media and in oil and gas company materials long before the process became controversial. It first was used in an Associated Press story in 1981. That same year, an oil and gas company called Velvet Exploration, based in British Columbia, issued a press release that detailed its plans to complete "fracking" a well.
The word was used in trade journals throughout the 1980s. In 1990, Commerce Secretary Robert Mosbacher announced U.S. oil engineers would travel to the Soviet Union to share drilling technology, including fracking.
The word does not appear in The Associated Press Stylebook, a guide for news organizations. David Minthorn, deputy standards editor at the AP, says there are tentative plans to include an entry in the 2012 edition. He said the current standard is to avoid using the word except in direct quotes, and to instead use "hydraulic fracturing."
That won't stop activists — sometimes called "fracktivists" — from repeating the word as often as possible. "It was created by the industry, and the industry is going to have to live with it," says the NRDC's Sinding.
Dave McCurdy, CEO of the American Gas Association, agrees, much to his dismay: "It's Madison Avenue hell," he says.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
How can I access the i'th argument of a
\newcommand declaration via an iteration variable?
Assume I want a command
\foo like:
\newcommand{\barr}[1]{argument 1 is: #1}
\foreach \i in {1,...,6}
\barr{#\i}; %this does not work. \barr{#1}, \barr{#6} do work
EDIT: As requested a bit of background. I want a command like
\foo{1}{2}{5}{0}{1}{2} to paint 1 ball in the first section, 2 in the second, 5 in the third and so on. Everything works fine, the only thing I was missing was to access the i'th parameter in a convenient way.


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PORT WASHINGTON, N.Y. (MarketWatch) — According to the conventional wisdom, the economy is set to bounce back from its winter-induced slump. It won't be the first time that the pundits got it wrong.
If this is a bounce back, I would hate to see what a decline looks like. For here we are, almost finished with the second quarter, and the economy doesn't look much different than it did in the first.
The real world is telling us a different story than the pundits think they see in their crystal balls. Rather than picking up, the economy is still plodding along, not necessarily declining — but not shifting into high gear either.
Take retail sales, for example. They represent one-third of the economy and two-thirds of total consumer spending. In May, they rose only 0.3% — less than half the 0.7% expected by the Street.
Even this was worse than it looked. Take autos out of the picture, and sales barely budged, rising 0.1% compared with the consensus forecast of 0.4%.
Housing is still in the basement. Builders' expectations may be bright, but they have yet to ramp up the pace of home building.
Rather than fall in the latest week as was thought, new claims for unemployment benefits rose. Employment is still weak, the long-term jobless rate remains at a postwar high, and would-be workers continue to leave the labor force, discouraged by the lack of job prospects.
The recent jump in oil prices will hurt buying power as it ripples through the pipeline to the ultimate consumers of gasoline, heating oil, fuel for industry, and, yes, prices of items that are made with oil, such as plastics. This comes as people are trying to cope with the rising cost of food and health care.
Because business has curbed its investments in new plants and equipment, technology innovation has slowed, and with it, productivity and the ability of the economy to grow.
Don't overlook the trade deficit. It reached $47 billion in April — a jump of $3 billion in one month. This also limits growth in the U.S., since we are purchasing good made overseas instead of here.
After a lengthy run up, the stock market is beginning to wobble amid fears of overvaluation and seasonal weakness. What is also hurting equities are prospects for higher interest rates as the Federal Reserve continues to cut back its purchases of bonds.
Fiscal policy is frozen and promises to stay that way, thanks to the resurgence of the tea party. It also spells more government gridlock, difficulties is producing a budget, another possible deadlock when it comes to raising the debt ceiling to avoid a default, more cuts in federal spending and maybe even another shutdown.
Folks, this is not an environment conducive to 4% growth. Neither will it get us 3% growth. This feels more like growth with a 2% handle.
And this is for the second quarter. The rest of the year could be even lower.
More MarketWatch news:
Blinder: Looming Fed exit debate may hurt stocks
Apartment rent hikes are slowing — finally


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2011 Survey of 50+ Connecticut Residents on Electric Utilities
AARP's Connecticut State Office, in response to its commitment to ensure affordable electric rates and consumer protections for all residents, commissioned this survey to explore the views of 50+ residents regarding new ways to purchase electricity and the establishment of consumer protections. Those ages 50+ represent 39 percent of all adults in Connecticut.
Key findings include:
- Eight in ten Connecticut residents age 50+ are concerned about the rising costs of electricity in their homes, and many think they are currently paying too much for electricity.
- Most Connecticut residents age 50+ believe the Department of Public Utility Control (DPUC) should find ways to reduce electric rates, and many think elected officials are not doing enough to help electric utility customers.
- The vast majority of Connecticut residents age 50+ supports legislation to establish consumer protections for electric utility customers of new electric suppliers.
- Nearly six in ten 50+ residents in Connecticut say would be more likely to vote for a candidate for state office who supports strengthening consumer protections for electric utility customers and only one percent say they would be less likely to vote for a candidate who supports this.
These results are based on a telephone survey of 802 Connecticut residents age 50+ fielded by Woelfel Research Inc. from March 21 - April 1, 2011. For more information, please contact Joanne Binette at 202.434.6303.


text: Vitamin C, (also known as Ascorbic Acid) is a water soluble vitamin that is used by the metabolism in many important ways. It helps activates numerous enzymes, has an important role in cell respiration, and offers protection against stress. It assists in the absorption of iron, and, together with folic acid and vitamin B12, stimulates red blood cell production. It helps support the functioning of the nervous system, and it participates in the structural formation of bone, blood vessels, connective tissue and collagen. It is also an excellent anti-oxidant, helping to protect cells against damage caused by free radicals.


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The Walt Disney Co.'s fiscal second-quarter earnings surged to $1.5 billion behind Disneyland and other parks, sports network ESPN, and the strong performance of movies "Oz the Great and Powerful" and "Wreck-it Ralph." That is a 32 percent increase over the same period last year and 83 cents per share, handily beating the 77-cent-per-share average estimate of analysts surveyed by Bloomberg.
"Our results reflect our successful strategy, the strength of our brands and the value of our high-quality creative content, all of which continue to drive long-term growth and shareholder value," said Robert A. Iger, Disney chairman and CEO.
He attributed much of the strength in the three months ended March 30 to Disneyland and the Disney Resort in Anaheim and the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando. "I'm not sure there is any other way to characterize the quarter for parks and resorts except it was a tremendous quarter," Iger said.
Revenue for Disneyland and the other parks and resorts increased 14 percent to $3.3 billion. Operating income for the segment jumped 73 percent to $383 million. The increase was helped in part by having more Easter holiday traffic fall within the quarter.
Disney does not break out attendance at individual parks. CFO James A. Rasulo, however, said attendance overall at the domestic parks was up 8 percent.
Iger said the opening of Cars Land last June at California Adventure has better equalized attendance at the two Anaheim theme parks and contributed to more spending. Before the makeover of California Adventure, he said attendance on a typical day was 75 percent at Disneyland and 25 percent at California Adventure.
"That's now on most days more like 55-45," he said. "That's an incredible change and it enables us to drive real bottom-line growth because you've got a better experience at Disneyland."
Iger said Disney has been able to increase pricing at California Adventure to "substantially above" what the company had before. Both food and merchandise spending are up, contributing to the margins.
Per capita spending at Disney's domestic parks increased 10 percent due to higher ticket prices and more purchases of food and beverages and merchandise. Hotel room rates were up 7 percent, but occupancy edged down 2 percentage points to 80 percent. Rasulo attributed the lower occupancy rate to new hotel rooms that came online at Disney World.
Guest spending also was up at Disneyland Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland. Iger said income was down at Tokyo Disney because the company did not have the advantage of the business interruption insurance it was receiving last year after the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami temporary closed the park.
"People have been looking for parks to really step it up. We saw them really step it up in this quarter," said Barton Crocket, an analyst with brokerage Lazard Capital Markets.
Disney's hotel bookings continue to be strong this quarter, with domestic resort reservations up 7 percent, Rasulo said. Disney officials noted, however, that the third quarter will include only one week of the Easter holiday instead of the two they had last year. As a result, they expect the shift to have an adverse affect of $35 million on fiscal third-quarter earnings.
The company had a particularly good quarter at the box office. Studio revenue increased 13 percent to $1.3 billion, and operating income was $118 million. That reversed an $84 million loss last year after the disastrous release of "John Carter."
Tuesday's report did not include earnings from the studio's latest hit, "Iron Man 3," which has taken in $711 million worldwide since its May 3 release.
Growth at ESPN also helped Disney's cable network unit, where revenue was up 9 percent to $3.5 billion and operating income rose 15 percent to $1.7 billion.
Despite the healthy earnings growth, Iger declined to say whether the company would consider rewarding shareholders by increasing the dividend or buying back stock. But he left open that possibility.
He noted the company had made major investments in Pixar, Marvel and Lucasfilm to build growth and value and would want to do that again, although there are fewer of those kinds of opportunities now.
"That will then leave us with the opportunity, if we continue to grow our cash flow, to increase our dividend, to buy back shares, but we have not made that decision yet," he said. "It will be a good problem for us to have."
Disney stocked closed up $1.01 a share to $66.07 Tuesday, before earnings were released. Most of that was erased in after-hours trading.
Contact the writer: 714-796-3646 or firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Allow SIGGRAPH presenters, students no-cost access
We the undersigned believe the extraordinary strength that SIGGRAPH now enjoys as the preeminent graphics conference in the world is the result of many years of effort by the graphics community as a whole. To promote the continued health of the graphics community, we believe that every effort should be made by SIGGRAPH leadership and members to encourage submissions to the national SIGGRAPH conference. In particular, we feel special consideration is appropriate to encourage students and young academics to submit work, since these people represent the next generation of graphics research. We feel strongly that the Recognition Policy for Presenters and Volunteers introduced for SIGGRAPH 2007 presents a significant new barrier to participation in the conference for potential presenters. In the new structure, Papers, Computer Animation Festival, and Art Gallery presenters, as well as Jurors, are required to pay 50% of applicable registration fees. Panels, Special Sessions, Sketches and Posters, Educators Program participants must pay 75% of registration costs. This is a significant change. Large groups of students and independent academics will be adversely impacted, and we feel that the loss to the conference will be significant. We believe it is unwise to impose restrictions for the very people who SIGGRAPH requires for its future existence. We realize that SIGGRAPH is not immune to the financial realities of mounting a large international conference. However, we ask: before implementing this year\'s new compensation structure, was every effort made to consider a range of options What options were considered, specifically Has there been a discussion about the likely long term effects of this policy on the future of SIGGRAPH We ask SIGGRAPH to immediately revise the Recognition Policy for Presenters and Volunteers. We further call for SIGGRAPH conference management to allow students and presenters full access to the conference, without fee. We understand that this policy could present additional costs to the SIGGRAPH conference. However, considering policies of comparable academic conferences we feel that this is an appropriate level of compensation and maintain that this worthwhile investment will pay dividends in the form of a greatly improved SIGGRAPH conference in future years. We the undersigned are former SIGGRAPH presenters, students, graphics professionals, and interested members of the graphics community. Thank you for your consideration.


text:
New California Transit Map Simplifies Car-Free Travel Across the State
Finding a highway map for a road trip is easy, but comprehensive transit maps for car-free travel in California have always been a little harder to come by.
Not to worry: Alfred Twu and his team of cartographers have created a map of transit throughout the state. The new map features "both intracity and regional rail lines as well as connecting buses, proving once and for all that it's possible to get to almost anywhere in the state on public transit," says Twu.
The map ties together networks for Amtrak, BART, Muni, VTA, Caltrain, Altamont Commuter Express, Sacramento Regional Transit, San Diego North County Transit District (NCTD), San Diego Trolley, LA Metro, and Metrolink, as well as key bus and ferry connections.
Of course, travelers can use apps like Google Maps to plan a transit trip automatically, but this map provides a nifty overview of the possibilities for transit trips that are available.
For those looking to reach camping and hiking destinations in Northern California without a car, another great resource is Post-Car Adventuring, a handbook which includes specific guidance on how to reach Big Sur, Mt. Diablo, Lake Tahoe, Tassajara, Yosemite, and Napa using only transit, bikes, and your own two feet.


text:
Books in other languages
Some of the books dealing with the Academy's history and current activities have also been published in foreign languages, in most cases in English.
Sture Allén & Kjell Espmark
The Nobel Prize in Literature. An introduction
The Nobel Prize in Literature is the internationally most noticed manifestation of Swedish culture. In this introduction to the Swedish Academy's work on the prize, the first section deals with Alfred Nobel's will, the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, the procedure for the choice of laureate, the prize citations and the award ceremony. The theme of the second section is the history of the evaluations, i.e. the development of the criteria for the Academy's assessment of candidates throughout different periods. There is also a complete listing of all the Nobel laureates, with prize citations. Translated by Erik Frykman.
2014. 3rd edn. 72 pp., paperback. ISBN 978-91-1-306663-9. Distributed by Norstedts.
El Premio Nobel de Literatura. Una presentación
Traducción de Sergio Infante.
2007. 72 pp. ISBN 978-91-7227-494-5. Distributed by Norstedts.
Le Prix Nobel de littérature. Une introduction
Traduit du suédois en français par Françoise Sule.
2008. 72 pp. ISBN 978-91-7227-606-2. Distributed by Norstedts.
Nobelevskaja premija po literature
Perevod so sjvedskogo Jeleny Bal'zamo, Tatiany Dobronitskoj
i Bengta Jangfeldta.
2009. 76 pp. ISBN 978-91-7227-605-5. Distributed by Norstedts.
Der Nobelpreis für Literatur. Eine Einführung
Aus dem Schwedischen von Frank-Michael Kirsch.
2011. 76 pp. isbn 978-91-1-303057-9. Distributed by Norstedts.
诺贝尔文学奖:导论 (Chinese edition)
Translated by Maiping Chen.
2015. 76 pp. ISBN 978-91-1-307251-7. Distributed by Norstedts.
Helena Paulin-Strömberg (photography) & Carl Otto Werkelid (text)
The Swedish Academy – A Year Behind the Scenes
The Swedish Academy – A Year Behind the Scenes takes us into the world of an institution that was founded in 1786 but is still extremely alive and active today. A photographer and a writer provide insights into the Academy's working year – a unique account of what goes on within its walls, from the daily tasks to the ceremonial occasions. We also look back to the Academy's long and remarkable history since it came into being in the eighteenth century, in the reign of its founder, King Gustaf III.
Translated from the Swedish by Sara Death.
2013. 204 pp., hardback. ISBN 978-91-7353-635-6. Distributed by Bokförlaget Atlantis.
Bo Svensén
The Swedish Academy and the Nobel Prize in Literature
The Swedish Academy has gained worldwide recognition through its annual awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature, first presented in 1901. But the Academy has a far longer history: it was founded in 1786 by King Gustaf III to promote Swedish language and literature – still its main purpose. This booklet provides a condensed review of the Academy's history and current activities. A special section deals with the Nobel Prize in Literature: the background, the formal rules for the Academy's work on the prize and the evolution of the criteria for the assessment of candidates throughout the years.
Translated from the Swedish by Kim Loughran.
2011. 2nd edn. 87 pp., paperback. ISBN 978-91-1-303056-2. Distributed by Norstedts.


text:
Orchid Halter Neck Dress
Orchid Halter Neck Dress
Material - CRUSH GEORGETTE
Slevee - SLEEVELESS
Length - MID LENGTH
Neck Line - HALTER NECK
Style - CASUAL
Fit - REGULAR
Color - VERY LIGHT BLUE
All of our garments are specially made with love as the order is placed.
It shall take 10-15 business days for the delivery.
If you require urgent shipmment (delivery in 3-5days), email us or DM us on instagram.
Exchange Policy
For any requested exchanges, following conditions should be met
1. The item should be in the same condition as received.
2. Sizes can be exchanged as per the convenience of the customer.
3. Customised sizes, sizes from 2XL and above, & items purchased in SALE can't be exchanged.
4. Additional charge of 199 INR has to be paid by customer for any exchange
5. In case the customer receives a different/damaged item, he/she shall not be imposed to pay the additional charges.
6. The item cannot be replaced with another item for any exchange.
7. Exchanged item will be shipped once the old package reaches back to us.
8. You can exchange items within 48 hours of delivery.
9. Package and Pick-up is to be done from the customer's address.


text:
ArtCursors Screenshot
ArtCursors contains all tools you need for creating and editing Windows cursors and managing cursor libraries. The program is friendly enough for the casual user who wants to tweak a couple of standard .CUR files, yet powerful enough for the professional graphic designer who needs to create complex animated cursors and manage large cursor libraries.
Using this program you can create and edit static and animated cursors with image formats in either standard or custom sizes, with color depths up to 16 million colors. It supports smooth cursors in 32-bit color depth with 8-bit alpha-channel. Paint tools include: color replacer, color selector, spray can, pencil, brush, flood fill, text tool, line tool, rectangle, curve, ellipse, 3d frame and enhanced gradient and chess fill. You can set cursor hot spots and test cursors.
You can import and export .cur, .ani, .ico, .bmp, .gif, .jpg, .jpeg, .png, .psd, .xpm, .xbm, .wbmp files, import .wmf, .emf files, export .rc files, export animated cursors to animated GIF images , capture screen. You can even extract cursors from Windows executables, libraries (including .exe, .scr, .icl, .dll, .il, .nil, .ocx, .vbx, .dpl, .bpl and several other file types). ArtCursors allows you to import, export and change color palettes for cursor images.
With ArtCursors, you are can split compound cursor s into simple images and break down entire cursor libraries into individual cursors. You can also create your own cursor libraries. ArtCursors scans files and folders for cursor s, deletes identical cursors from libraries, sorts cursors within libraries, performs drag and drop operations to files from Windows Explorer or other file shells and drags and drops cursors from one library to another. You can move cursors between libraries as well as copy and paste images to other applications.
Compatible with Windows 10.
Back to ArtCursors Details page


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On our short road trip in Finland this summer, we visited a village shop. If you are from Finland, you might already guess which shop I mean. See, the frame in front of the sky is a tell tale sign.
Yes, that's right – we visited the Veljekset Keskinen Village Shop in Tuuri. What makes the name "village shop" hilarious is that it's one of the biggest department stores in Finland, very far from the name it's known for. I would go as far to say that every Finn has heard of Tuuri's village shop. Personally, I'd never been and wasn't sure what to expect. A few minutes in, I was overwhelmed at the simple task of finding a parking spot midst the army of cars and found myself gazing in awe at a buzzing helicopter circling the air. The Tuuri village shop is truly bizarre.
The shop was founded in 1946 but it was only moved to this location in 1969. It has come a long way, as you can even call it a tourist attraction these days. Veljekset Keskinen is a family business and the reason it has grown into what it is, are Vesa Keskinen's "think big" ideas.
If you want to shop on multiple days, you can even stay in a hotel in the same complex as the shops. The hotel boasts 43 rooms of which one is a suite with Rolex branded showers and taps. In addition to the hotel, there is a caravan park on the side. Other than this department store and what comes with it (a tivoli, mini-golf, Moomin playground, a tourist train, free arcade games, a music festival..) there really is nothing whatsoever nearby.
On a hill, facing the yellow monstrosity is the front man's mansion. He loves statues, (maybe I should've asked him to take part in my Saturday Statues challenge, LOL!!) especially unicorns. The department store is full of different kinds of sculptures as well, many of which are very familiar from my time spent in Asia – you know – the ones you see on Chinese New Year.
This here is the actual entrance into the shop. It doesn't look like much. But as you step in, you are standing in what equals to 40 000 m² of shopping space.
Now see who is welcoming you to step in further. On the left is the front man Vesa Keskinen and his family. I have no idea who the other four are but my guess is that they are stars of what was a reality show filmed in the department store!
The shop even has it's own branded chocolates, coffee and shopping bags. I bought some coffee as presents for my mom and FIL, and they claimed it was very good.
How about a dress made of Tuuri's shoppers? In the shop, you will find everything you need. From furniture to groceries to toiletries to Marimekko. Having been in huge department stores in the States, I can't say I was that impressed. It might look shiny outside but the inside looks like any old Walmart. But it was big. I was tired after seeing less than half of it.
Lego has sponsored a huge replica of the complex. It took 122 hours to make it and it weights 70 kg. You can find it on the grocery store side.
Just to give you an idea where the village shop is, have a look at this map of Finland.
So who goes here you ask? To a shop in the middle of nowhere? Well, over 6 million people visit a year! More than the population of Finland. One thing I know – there's not a hipster in sight.
Have you been to the Tuuri shop? If you have, I would love to hear your experiences.


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You are currently browsing the daily archive for 11/11/2012.
Daily Archive
Looting boosted
11/11/2012 in Metal detecting | by heritageaction | Leave a comment
The Archaeological Sites Index (ARCHI), a database of the positions of more than 151,000 UK archaeological sites, is coyly marketed as being for use by academics and fieldwalkers but is clearly aimed at metal detectorists. Today a significant addition has been announced. It now includes world archaeological sites. Take a look at the details available for instance for Egypt and Iraq
Could be interesting to see what happens. It's perfectly legal to metal detect on the vast majority of British archaeological sites so helping people do so can't be logically criticised by the authorities – and isn't. But abroad metal detecting is highly illegal so it will be fascinating to see the reaction to the first case of looting overseas where the culprits are shown to have used the ARCHI database. Will foreign archaeologists speak up and will British ones say the foreign section of the product is harmful but the British section isn't?
More Heritage Action views on metal detecting and artefact collecting


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MTV hosted its star-studded Movie Awards last night and everything dazzled, from the clothes on the red carpet to the show's secret surprises. While our favorite sparkly on-screen vampire,Rob PattinsonTeen WolfCrystal ReedSeventeen
, was MIA at the awards show, there were tons of other celebs there we caught up with. 's wore a patterned metallic green dress that was one of the most stunning looks from the night. She told that she was in the mood for something "fun, edgy, and cool" when she picked out her dress.
Another one of our red carpet obsessions was Victoria Justice's yellow frock, which she described as her "lemon meringue dress". She finished her sweet look off with white nails, a trend she says she's planning on rocking a lot this summer. One accessory Victoria won't be toting this summer is an immature boyfriend! The Victorious star gave Seventeen the deets on her new song, which is about ditching a bad boy who thinks he's too cool for school. "I don't really go for bad boys," Victoria tols us. "It's never been my thing and it's not worth it."
Before heading inside for the night's main event, we also caught up with Awkward star Brett Davern and the Teen Wolf cast. Unfortunately the Teen Wolf guys insisted on wearing shirts on the red carpet, so we'll have to tune in to their new season for a flash of abs!
More From Seventeen
Inside the show, host Russell Brand definitely had everyone laughing with his opening zingers, even stating he was looking for his next wife in the audience! One of the best moments of the night was Kristen Stewart winning "Best On Screen Kiss" for the fourth year in a row thanks to her on-screen heat with Rob! Other memorable moments included Johnny Depp surprising the crowd by performing with The Black Keys, and Emma Stone's acceptance speech for her first ever MTV Trailblazer award. But the night definitely belonged to The Hunger Games, the top winning movie of the night. Elizabeth Banks, Josh Hutcherson, and former Seventeen cover girl Jennifer Lawrence all took home awards.
It was a show with lots of laughs, great performances, and an enormous amount of love. Russell Brand was spot on when he sang the hit song from Grease during his opener: "Summer loving, had me a blast."


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9007/9004/HB5/HB1 4-Sided LED Headlight Conversion Kit with Fan Base
Regular price $34.99
Autolizer 4-sided COB LED Headlights will give your car a new look and it'll allow you to see better on the road.
LED Headlight Features:
LED Headlight Features:
- Plug & play, No need to cut and wires.
- Low Power Consumption, Long lasting.
- 300% brighter than your stock Halogen headlights.
- Low Voltage Protection, High precision Constant Current Driver Chip.
- Built-in IC Circuit (Current Regulator)
- Prevents LED Damage From Voltage Variations & Spikes.
- Up to 30,000 Hours Service Life.
- LED Type: High Power COB Chips
- LED Color: White 6000K
- Input Voltage:12-24V
- Input Power: 80W (Single Beam) | Lo - 60W / High -80W (H4, H13, 9004, 9007)
- Lumen: 9000LM (Single Beam) | Lo - 8000LM / Hi - 9000LM (H4, H13, 9004, 9007)
- Life Span: > 30,000 hours
- LED Junction Temp: < 60 °C
- Waterproof: IP68
- Main Body Material: Aluminum Alloy
- Cooling System: Fan Heat-sink Built-In
Professional Installation is Highly Recommended
Due to the special cooling fan design on the LED headlight, some vehicle may not suitable. Please refer to the LED bulb size in the photo. It will NOT fit the car headlights with DUST COVER & it will NOT work as daytime running light (DRL).
Vehicles such as Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, GMC, Audi, BMW, Mercedes, and Etc High-End cars may require a load resistor or decoder to avoid flickering.
Not sure your bulb size? Use the Osram Sylvania or Philips bulb guide to look it up!


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Ireland 2009
At the end of June 2009, Patrick Rowley and his wife Ann organized yet another "pub crawl" of the southwest coast of Ireland ending with two days in Dublin. We left Dulles at 7:30 pm and arrived in Dublin at 7:30 am which was actually 7 hours later plus the 5 hour time difference. We immediately flew to Shannon arriving at 10:30 am and boarded othe tour bus with our driver/guide Martin Raft who was called Matthew. We didn't go to our hotel but rather headed immediately for the Cliffs of Moher where our adventure began...Read More


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Posted on May 19, 2010 by Neil Garfield
I'm probably partly to blame for this notion so I want to correct it. The goal is NOT to get your house for free, although that COULD be the result, as we have seen in a few hundred cases. The simple answer is "No Judge I am not trying to get my house for free, I'm trying to stop THEM from getting my house for free. They don't have one dime invested in this deal and payments have been received by the real creditors for which they refuse to give an accounting."
The obligation WAS created. The question is not who holds the note but to whom the note is payable, and what is the balance due on the note after a full accounting from the creditor.
So don't leave your mouth hanging open when the Judge says something like that. Tell him or her that they have the wrong impression because they are getting misinformation from the other side which is trying to get a lawyer's argument admitted as evidence. Tell him you want the deal you signed up for — including the appraised value that the lender represented to you at closing.
Don't say you won't pay anything. Offer to make a monthly payment into the court registry — not in the amount demanded, but for perhaps 25% of the amount demanded. Tell him you refuse to pay someone who never lent you the money, who is not on the closing documents and is relying on securitization documents which contain multiple conditions, many of which they have violated.
Tell the Judge you deny the default because you know they received third party payments and they refuse to allocate the payments to your loan, and they refuse to inform you or the Court as to whether these third party insurers and guarantors have equitable or legal rights of subrogation. Subrogation is taking the place of another person because you are the real party in interest.
"Why should I lose my house just because I didn't pay them. The note isn't payable to them. Even if they have an assignment, it violates the terms under which they are permitted to accept it, and even if they were permitted to accept it, it wold be on behalf of the true creditors who were the investors who advanced the funds and now could be anyone because of the transactions in which the investors were paid or settled.
"The question is not whether I made a payment, it is whether a payment is due after allocation of third party insurance, credit default swap and guarantee payments. Who are they to declare a default when they refuse to give a full accounting?"
Southern California (909)890-9192 in Northern California(925)957-9797


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I recently received an email from an old friend, who's living abroad. She was writing to tell me that my blog has really inspired her to stop and look at life and has made her realise how lucky she is. She continued:
"Today, I was rushing to get to the shops before they closed when I saw a man, alone in the snow. He was shaking. I was a bit apprehensive but I thought: 'I can't leave him. It's minus 10 and instinct tells me he needs help.' So, I stopped. It turns out he had Parkinson's and had hurt his arm. I phoned for a taxi and paid the driver to bring him to the hospital. The look of relief in the old man's eyes when he sat in and shook my hand was heart breaking. I really think reading your words has changed my way of thinking. I've always had a lot of empathy but it takes courage to do something about a situation that's a bit intimidating. Thanks, Sharon."
This story brought tears to my eyes. Only days previously, another woman had told me I should stop publishing my work on the internet because I'm not getting paid for it, and on top of that, somebody could steal it. But this unexpected email reminded me why I'm doing what I'm doing.
Not everything we do has to result in monetary, or even personal, gain. Occasionally, people surprise us by giving, without looking for anything in return. The other day, I stepped onto a busy Luas (Dublin tram) when I felt a tap on the shoulder. I looked around at a dishevelled young man, who carried a sleeping bag under his arm. He said:
"Sorry, luv. I just wanted to let you know that your bag's open. Be careful 'coz someone could snatch your purse."
I thanked him and zipped up my handbag. We then chatted about his life as a homeless person. He spoke about how he tries to rustle up enough money each day to stay in a hostel. Otherwise, he sleeps on the streets. I waited for him to ask me for some change (of which I had none – I'd given my last few coins as a tip to a waitress) but at the next stop, he simply said, "See ya luv" and was gone. "Take care!", I called after him, feeling helpless yet totally moved. Yesterday, it snowed. I hope he's okay.
Speaking of looking for change, check out this inspiring short film…
'Tis the season of giving presents to our loved ones but how about, this Christmas, giving or doing something special for somebody who really needs it?


text: Mike Abbink earned two BFAs: one in Fine Arts, and one in Graphic Design and Packaging from Art Center in Pasadena. He has been designing letter forms since 1992, and his first completed typeface, FF Kievit, is used around the world and has won awards from the ISTD and ATypI. In 2000, Mike designed FF Milo which became part of the FontFont Library in 2006. Mike Abbink is a multidisciplinary creative director, typeface designer and educator. MetaDesign San Francisco served as a launch pad for Abbink and after three years, he went on and co-founded Method Inc. He has since also worked as Creative Director for Saffron, Design Director at Apple, and Creative Director at Wolff Olins New York and is now Senior Creative Director at MoMa New York.


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Ordonez Goes Down, Raburn Comes Up?
by Eno Sarris //
When a player goes down, the first instinct is often to go to the wire and pluck the best year-to-date performer you can off waivers. Sometimes, though, the best move is to look at the real-life team and target the real-life replacement.
When Magglio Ordonez went down this weekend with a fractured right ankle, many fantasy teams (and the real-life Tigers) lost a resurgent run producer. Though he no longer has the gaudy power of yore, Ordonez has used his high (BABIP-neutral) batting average (.303) to plate his teammates (59), while still socking a respectable 12 home runs. Take a look at how Bloomberg Sports Fantasy Tools values Ordonez's overall skill set.
Replacing him in the Tiger outfield is a player who couldn't be any more different, but still has the upside to provide some run production in Magglio's stead. Ryan Raburn strikes out too much (25.8%) to put up the same superlative batting average, but his .208 AVG should rise if his .262 batting average on balls in play regulates toward his career mark of .314. Raburn still has some potential to make this comparison from the Bloomberg Sports Fantasy Tools look a little better over the next couple of weeks.
In fact, Raburn's upside is probably defined by his 2009 final slash line (.291/.359/.533), though his BABIP (.323) might have been a little high for a slugger-type with little speed (5/9 in stolen base attempts last year). Look at his minor league numbers, and you see that while he was usually at the average age or older in each league, he did consistently show solid power (.223 career minor league ISO, or slugging percentage minus batting average).
This year? He's been reaching at 28% of pitches outside of the zone (26% career, 28.9% average across baseball), and walking a little less (5.6% walk rate this year, 7.3% career, 10.4% in the minors). He hasn't been showing the same power as is his norm, but he's only 162 plate appearances into this year, and his 831 career PAs with above-average power (.179 ISO, the average is around .150-.155 in any given year) are just more important to valuing him as a player.
Those looking for an Ordonez replacement in deeper leagues should consider Raburn. This might just be his chance to rediscover the abilities he showed just last year, which includes more power upside than the veteran he is replacing. In mixed leagues, though, there are probably surer things out there.


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The latest news from The Center for Pattern Design landed in my inbox recently. Located in beautiful St. Helena in northern California, the Center is a repository of all things related to pattern. Patterns and tools are available thru the website, and older sewing and pattern design texts are being republished thru the Center's Antiquity Press.
Cutting Cloth, the newsletter from Sandra Ericson's Center for Pattern Design, was chock full of interesting tidbits. Not only is there a CPD conference slated for October this year at the Art Institute in San Francisco, there is news of a Vionnet exhibition at the Musée des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, running until January 2010. The museum is the recipient of 750 of Madeleine Vionnet's toiles and all her papers. Sandra says this show is the first time since 1939, when Vionnet's house closed, that her work has been shown.
Sandra has been studying the work of ground-breaking French couturier Madeleine Vionnet for years. Vionnet is considered the inventor of draping on the bias, and used a half scale dress mannequin to work out her ideas. She was one of the first early 20th century designers to set up a series of ateliers and industrialize her designs
This past January, Diva Emerita MaryBeth from The Stitchery and I were fortunate to be in Palm Springs at back-to-back Claire Shaeffer workshops. We did a 5 day workshop with Sandra Ericson on Vionnet style draping, followed by a Couture Tailoring Techniques in the style of Yves St. Laurent. The draping class was so much fun; Ms. Ericson packed a lot in to each day. In the mornings we were treated to a teaching presentation of Vionnet's methods and work, then a daily 'show and tell' with garments as examples of the day's topic. Each afternoon we worked on half size dolls (aka My Size Barbies pressed into service as mannequins) draping our own styles using Vionnet's approaches.
Chronicle Books' oversize book Madeleine Vionnet, with diagrams and photos is the go-to reference on Vionnet today. For those who are interested in looking at the historical context of her work, there is a lot about her place in the Cubist movement in the book Cubism and Fashion, by Richard Martin, that came out at the time of the exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NYC in 1999.
Vionnet lives on, with many of today's designers taking pages out of her book, sometimes quite literally.
Now all I have to do is figure out how to get to Paris before January 2010.


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A sparkling sex life is something we'd all like to have, regardless of age. But as today's leading physicians and sex researchers are discovering, there's a profound link between the female libido and the constantly fluctuating hormones her ovaries produce. (Here's how to balance your hormones and lose up to 15 pounds in just 3 weeks!)
Find out how controlling your body's unique chemical balance—during every decade of life—can make the difference between a sex life that's so-so and one that soars.
IN YOUR 20s
The Advantages
"At this age, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are at their highest levels," says Laura Berman, PhD, the author of Loving Sex: The Book of Joy and Passion. This biological bounce is an opportunity for lots of great loving—and babies, too. Because hormones surge just before ovulation, women are more likely to fantasize about and initiate sex during this 2- to 4-day window, according to studies.
More From Prevention
The Challenges
According to the 2010 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, 20-somethings are less orgasmic than older women. "Despite the hormone swirl, women in their 20s may not yet have the confidence to ask for what they want in bed, so they're less satisfied," says Christiane Northrup, MD, author of Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom. Also, a recent study in the Journal of Sexual Medicine confirms that "the Pill" causes a decrease in sex hormones, especially testosterone, and so could lower sex drive.
MORE: Try A New Sex Position Tonight
IN YOUR 30s
The Advantages
"A woman in her 30s may well find herself at an emotional sexual peak," Berman says. "She's clear about what she wants, even though estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone begin to fluctuate and drop off during this decade." More good news: Studies have shown that as women age, they become less anxious about their physical "flaws," which eases anxiety in the bedroom. "The key," Northrup says, "is to think of yourself as a sexy, attractive woman, regardless of hormone tempo."
The Challenges
After childbirth, testosterone falls to extremely low levels. For nursing moms, the hormone prolactin can suppress ovulation, as well as the production of estrogen and progesterone. All of that combines to make the thought of sex a big fat snore. One suggestion? Masturbation. Regardless of age, just using your equipment will improve circulation and help balance your hormones.
MORE: 10 Little Things Connected Couples Do
IN YOUR 40s
The Advantages Female sex drive may actually as a woman's sex hormones and fertility decrease, according to a recent University of Texas study. "Women with declining fertility think more about sex, have more frequent and intense sexual fantasies, are more willing to engage in sexual intercourse, and report actually engaging in sexual intercourse more frequently than women of other age groups," the study authors say. They theorize our female ancestors were so accustomed to losing children to disease, war, or starvation that they evolved to crave more sex at a relatively advanced age to produce more babies.
The Challenges
"By 40, a woman's testosterone levels will be about half the level they were at 25," says Glenn D. Braunstein, MD, an endocrinologist and chair of the department of medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. And yes, that drop affects libido. For the average woman who enters perimenopause in her late 40s, fluctuating estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone levels may put a damper on bedroom bliss.
(The 21-day plan in Love Your Age is the life-changing reset every 40+ woman needs!)
To smooth things out, Steven R. Goldstein, MD, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at NYU Langone Medical Center, prescribes low-dose birth control pills for many of his patients "to turn off the ovaries' erratic estrogen production and replace it with a small, consistent influx of estrogen every day." Lubricants and estrogen therapies can also help.
MORE: 8 Reasons It Hurts During Sex—And How To Fix It
IN YOUR 50s
The Advantages
"The middle years, between 50 and 65, constitute the apex of adult life," says author Gail Sheehy in Sex and the Seasoned Woman. "For women, the passage to be made is from pleasing to mastery." Mastery is right: The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior found 71% of 50-somethings said their last sexual experience resulted in an orgasm.
The Challenges
Because of dramatically reduced testosterone and virtually nonexistent estrogen, sex drive drops after menopause. Physicians often prescribe very small off-label doses of testosterone along with menopausal hormonal therapy to boost libido. Also, the more body fat you have, the less libido-boosting "free-floating" testosterone you have. If you're obese, losing 10% of your total weight can do wonders for your sex drive, found researchers at Duke University Medical Center. Multiple studies have also shown that after just 20 minutes of exercise, blood flow to the genitals increases, resulting in more lubrication, better arousal, and better orgasms.


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- 1.0.0
- 1.1.6
- 1.2.6
- 2.0.3
- 2.1.0 (0)
- 2.2.1 (38)
- 2.3.2 (0)
- 2.3.8 (0)
- 3.0.0 (0)
- 3.0.9 (-1)
- 3.1.0
- 3.2.1
- 3.2.8
- 3.2.13
- 4.0.2
- 4.1.8
- 4.2.1
- 4.2.7
- 4.2.9
- 22.214.171.124
- 5.1.7
- 5.2.3
- 6.0.0
- 220.127.116.11
- What's this?
Implements the details of eager loading of Active Record associations. Application developers should not use this module directly.
ActiveRecord::Base is extended with this module. The source code in ActiveRecord::Base references methods defined in this module.
Note that 'eager loading' and 'preloading' are actually the same thing. However, there are two different eager loading strategies.
The first one is by using table joins. This was only strategy available prior to Rails 2.1. Suppose that you have an Author model with columns 'name' and 'age', and a Book model with columns 'name' and 'sales'. Using this strategy, Active Record would try to retrieve all data for an author and all of its books via a single query:
SELECT * FROM authors LEFT OUTER JOIN books ON authors.id = books.id WHERE authors.name = 'Ken Akamatsu'
However, this could result in many rows that contain redundant data. After having received the first row, we already have enough data to instantiate the Author object. In all subsequent rows, only the data for the joined 'books' table is useful; the joined 'authors' data is just redundant, and processing this redundant data takes memory and CPU time. The problem quickly becomes worse and worse as the level of eager loading increases (i.e. if Active Record is to eager load the associations' associations as well).
The second strategy is to use multiple database queries, one for each level of association. Since Rails 2.1, this is the default strategy. In situations where a table join is necessary (e.g. when the :conditions option references an association's column), it will fallback to the table join strategy.
See also ActiveRecord::Associations::ClassMethods, which explains eager loading in a more high-level (application developer-friendly) manner.


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Freedom New Mexico: Christina Calloway Robert Bell demonstrates how he fell 30 feet down an elevator shaft about one year ago. Bell considers his survival a miracle and is very grateful that he is still alive.
Christina Calloway
Robert Bell is reflecting on how grateful he is for being alive as the one-year anniversary of his accident approaches. He fell 30 feet down an elevator shaft.
The 25-year-old Clovis resident and Portales native was loading furniture on the lift of a freight elevator for a customer at his grandmother's antique store in downtown Clovis when the elevator fell with him inside on Jan. 12, 2011.
"While I was falling, I had just long enough to think, 'Oh God I want to see my family again'," Bell said. "That was the only thought I was able to have."
Bell said he stepped on the car with his right foot, the air whistled past him and then he was on the ground.
After spending four hours in Clovis' Plains Regional Medical Center, Bell was airlifted to the University Medical Center in Lubbock with a long list of injuries.
In the course of about a week and a half, Bell underwent three surgeries in result of various injuries to his right heel bone, right femur, ball of the right hip, a shattered right shoulder and his l-2 to l-4 vertebrae.
Considering all the damage, both doctors and his loved ones said his survival was nothing less than a miracle.
"At the time I was 6'5″ and I weighed about 230 pounds and I moved stuff about 400 to 500 pounds on a daily basis so I was in really good shape," Bell said. "The doctors said that was one of the main reasons that I survived, that had it been anyone else, their chances would have been slim to none. I was 6'5″ before the accident and due to compression I am now 6'2."
It was projected that Bell would have had to be in physical rehab at TrustPoint Hospital in Lubbock for at least two to three months. But his stay was only three weeks.
Bell was out of his wheelchair and has been walking without a cane since July.
Bell admits his life-changing accident brought hardships but his biggest worry was that if something happened to him, he couldn't take care of his wife and four-year-old daughter.
"We live every day to the fullest," said Tiffany Bell, Robert's wife. "We are thankful for family and it's a daily reminder of what we almost didn't have. We got through it as a family and now we're here and it's all good."
Although physically things don't work as well as they used to for Bell, he realized while he was in rehabilitation that there were others in worse situations.
"I never blamed God because I'm still here and I'm grateful because I understand that things could be so much worse but there was never a time I wanted to not be here," Bell said.
Bell refuses to allow an accident of physics to dictate the terms of his life. He does not use a handicap placard in his car and has not filed for disability and he says his wife, child, and grandparents sustained him during his recovery.
"God has been very good to us and we know where our blessings come from," Elwanda Bell, Robert's grandmother, said. "Without God's love and support, we wouldn't have my grandson. We appreciate all the prayers that went up."


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We first posted the news of a sequel to Beyond Good & Evil being in pre-production last night. Since then, though, we've been able to take a good look at the original source of the news, an interview in French magazine JeuxVideo, and glean a few more bits of info from it. Firstly, the interview wasn't just with Michel Ancel, it was with Yoshitaka Amano (Final Fantasy artist) and French comic artist Enki Bilal, which is pretty cool! Secondly, Ancel says the game - if it's ever approved by Ubisoft, that is - will be for the PS3 and 360. Sorry, N-Gage fans. But it's better you know now than to keep on hoping in vain.
JeuxVideo Magazine [#91]


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Michigan prisoner who escaped in Ionia scheduled for court
A man who escaped from a Michigan prison in February is due in court next week to face escape, carjacking and kidnapping charges.
Records show 41-year-old Michael Elliot is to be arraigned Wednesday in District Court in Ionia.
Elliot was captured in Indiana on Feb. 3, about 24 hours after escaping from Ionia Correctional Facility in western Michigan. Authorities say that Elliot slipped under gates and made holes in fences to get away before carjacking a woman in Ionia.
The woman got away in Indiana.
Ionia County Prosecutor Ron Schafer said the case is important to the woman, regardless of Elliot's prior convictions.
Elliot is a convicted killer serving no-parole sentences for four 1993 homicides in Gladwin County. He's said he's innocent in that case.


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A Graphic Pen Picture of San Francisco in Flames and in Ruins - Scenes and Stories of Human Interest where Millionaires and Paupers Mingled in a Common Brotherhood - A Harrowing Trip in an Automobile.
Among the most graphic and interesting pen pictures of scenes within and without the stricken city were those of Harry C. Carr, a newspaper photographer and correspondent of Los Angeles. This is his personal narrative:
I started from Los Angeles for the stricken city on that pitiful first train whose passengers were nearly all San Francisco men trying frantically to get back to their wives and children, whose fate they could only imagine.
All one terrible day I walked about through the lanes of the charred ruins that had once been San Francisco. I was one of the hungry who robbed grocery stores for their food; one of the parched thousands who eagerly drank water out of the gutter leakage of the fire engines.
After hours of discouraging failure, of being turned back by the sentries, with the sound of dynamited houses ringing in my ears, I managed at last to join the long caravan of homeless families carrying all the property left to them in the world in sheets.
Sometimes I walked with the daughter of a Van Ness avenue millionaire lugging a bundle over her shoulder, and again with a Chinaman moaning piteously over the loss of his laundry.
I came out of San Francisco on that broken-hearted first train carrying refugees, whose faces streamed with tears as they took the last look from the Pullman windows at the weirdly beautiful red fringe of fire creeping along the ridges of the distant hills, burning the remnants of San Francisco.
An hour after the first word reached Los Angeles on that fateful Wednesday morning our train pulled out of the depot. Thee was an ominous number of reservations for Santa Barbara on the chair car. Most of the San Francisco men came on board there.
Beyond San Luis Obispo, two big freight trains were stalled by a cave-in caused by the earthquake. They crawled out just in time-before every one went mad.
At Salinas, about dark, the conductor came back, shaking his head; a freight train ahead at Pajaro had been completely buried by a mountain of earth hurled in the quake.
The men said it was likely to be a week before any train went through.
Three or four of us hurried into the town looking for an automobile. One of the passengers on the train was Mrs. Robert Louis Stevenson, and the news had been kept from her until this delay.
Strange to say, there were a number of automobiles in town, but none were to be had. One man was hurrying through from Los Angeles in hiw own touring car with his three boys to find his wife, their mother, who was somewhere in the burning city.
We were getting ready to hire saddle horses when the twin lights of an automobile came glaring down the street. There were two New England spinsters aboard. They had been in the Palace Hotel when the clerk telephones to their rooms to tell them the city was burning and that the hotel was about to be blown up by dynamite by the soldiers of the Engineer Corp.
They hired an auto to San Jose at an outrageous price and paid $75 to be taken from there to Salinas. Had it not been for a bridge which kind Heaven smashed, I guess they would have been going yet. As it was, we persuaded them that the train was the place for them and managed to hire the automobile back to San Jose. The cost was $20 a seat.
Men came to us and begged like frightened children to be taken; but we dared not risk a breakdown and had to refuse. But never shall I forget the look that was in their eyes.
We started at 10:30 and rode all night. It was bitterly cold and we suffered terribly, not having overcoats. The chauffeur had been using his auto all that morning taking medicines to the demolished insane asylum at Agnews.
His story of the scenes there was horrible. Scores of dead were lying stretched on the lawns and others were walking about hideously wounded. Amid this scene an insane woman was wandering, blithely singing little songs of her own improvision about the earthquake and the killing.
One giant maniac had broken his shackles and rescued one of the guards from the building. He had just one sane moment; long enough to be a hero. Then he fled howling into the hills.
It was just dawn when we got to San Jose. Sentries from the militia and special officers were patrolling the streets. A dead line had been established to keep persons away from wrecked buildings. There were jeelry stores whose fronts had been entirely torn off; these would have been plundered.
All through the city we saw people seated on beds on their front lawns, their houses having tumbled. On the front lawn of the Hotel Vendome was a bonfire about which were gathered twenty or thirty people. Every guest of the house had spent the night there with a blanket apiece.
We were just in time to catch the first train to go through to San Francisco. All along the route through such towns as Palo Alto and Belmont, we saw shattered buildings, warehouses with whole sides nearly cut off as though with a knife. One big warehouse of brick had completely buried a freight train standing on a siding.
During the night we could see the dull red glow that came from the burning city. How we could see the huge copper-colored clouds that almost hid the sun. As we came nearer the city we could hear the distant explosions of the dynamite with which the soldiers were wrecking the buildings. They came to us in dull but quick thumps.
The train got no further than Valencia street. As soon as we got off we saw the first stragglers of the great army of the homeless and ruined.
Sentries stopped us before we had gone a block, so a sheerful good-looking fellow, who had seen first his home and his tailor shop utterly destroyed that morning, offered to be our guide.
He took us past the Hotel Valencia, which was the worst sufferer from the earthquake. The big building had been literally poured out into the street in a stream of splintered wood. No one knows how many people perished in it.
On the corner next the Valencia was a new set of three-story flats, just completed, and most of the flats not yet occupied. As though some one had struck it on top with a giant hammer, the entire building had sunk one story into the ground; you could walk right in at the second story.
Turning down into Steiner street, we were caught in the flood of the strangest tide the world ever saw. Thee never was anything like this before.
These were people warned to leave their homes from some district newly doomed to the Fire God.
They were treking, in a long, motley procession, to find some park not already crowded to overflowing.
One of the first that I met was a little family beginning life over again. What they hd been able to rescue before the flames came was packed in a little express wagon. The elderly husband was drawing this. Behind him came his wife. With the forethought of a woman, she had either bought or stolen two packages of breadfast food-all that stood between them and starvation. They looked drawn and anxious; and were rather peculiar in this regard.
Most of the refugees leaving their homes were cheerful.
I saw a pretty "tailor-made girl" meeting her friend on the street. One of them had a little bundle of things tied in a handkerchief.
"That's everything I own in this world," she said, grinning-positively grinning.
"That's nothing," said the other girl, smiling back, "I haven't a rag to my back or a cent of money, and I've lost track of my family somewhere in this crowd."
"Oh, well, what's the use of worrying?" And with that they parted.
Another touching little group was led by the father, who carried a sheet tied up with what he could carry. The young mother was dragging a child's express wagon laden mostly with provisions. Behind her trooped two sweet little girls. One was wrapped up in a big shawl (this was just after sunrise.) A kitten, which she held in her arms, was poking its nose protestingly out from the shawl. Bringing up the rear was the other little tot, hugging a doll under each arm.
A fine looking young fellow in khaki trousers and a fashionable coat was packing an enormous clothes bundle. His young wife was clinging to his arm. It was everything they had left in the world, probably out of years of hard saving, but they were both almost going along with good spirits.
A little further up the street, I saw a refined looking young girl cooking breakfast in the gutter. She wore a handsomely made but badly torn skirt and had a remarkably fine bracelet on one wrist. Her oven was made of two bricks and a toasting grill. A young man was bringing her bits of fire wood and they were consulting together over the frying of bacon.
Further on were two other women doing the same thing and having fun out of it between themselves.
"Is it so very much farther?" was the only complaint that came from one tired little woman who looked ready to faint. She was staggering under the weight of a huge bundle. She looked unused to work and her lips were white and trembling with exhaustion. She rested just a minute, then staggered on without another word of complaint.
Men spoke kindly to her, but none offered to help her, because Woe was the great leveler and all were on the same footing. All the day I spent in San Francisco, I only heard one person speak unkindly to another. I wish I had that young man's name, just as a curiosity. He had been hired by a woman to drag a big Roman chair filled with treasures up the street.
"There," he said, insolently, "I have earned all the money I got for that; now take it along yourself."
Without a word, the woman took the chair from him and whelled it on herself.
One rather amusing group was wheeling an immense and very handsome dining-room table. The young man who was pulling from the front was protesting vigorously; but the two young girls who shoved from behind, digging their stubby fashionable little oxford ties in the dirt for foothold, urged him peremptorily on. Following them was a half-grown hobbledehoy boy, strong enough to have packed an ox, who was doing his heavy share by carrying a little glass vase.
In a doorway half way up the hill, I saw an old Chinaman sitting with his bundle, which was all he had been able to save. He was just saying, "Oh, oh, oh," in a curious, half-sobbing moan that never seemed to cease.
The young tailor with me said the Chinaman had lost his laundry and was terror-stricken lest the white people should make him pay for their clothes.
While his own tailor shop was burning, the young tailor said that he was out trying to rescue the trapped victims in the burning Hotel Brunswick.
He could only get hold of one living man. He seemed to be caught in the wreckage, the smoke being too thick to permit one to see just how. Strong hands caught his feet and pulled desperately. When they dragged him out at last, they found that he had been caught under the chin. In pulling him out they cut his throat almost from ear to ear.
As we gained the top of the hill on Steiner street, a San Francisco man who came in with me on the train stopped dead still. "My God; look there!" he said, his voice catching with a sob.
Through the rift of the buildings we caught our first glimpse of the dying city.
"That was Market street," said the San Francisco man, softely.
He pointed across a vast black plain, hundreds of acres in extent, to a row of haggard, gaunt specters that did seem to be in two lines like a street.
"There's the City Hall," he said, tremulously, pointing to a large dome surmounting a pile of ruins and surrounded like some hellish island with vast stretches of smouldering ashes and twisted iron girders.
The San Francisco man found a tottering, blackened pile of wall that he said was Mechanic's Pavilion, and a sort of thin peak of brick that he said was the new Bell Theater. He would go over the town from the top of the hill and torture himself trying to locate San Francisco's splendid landmarks in these acres of ash heaps.
Down in the middle of the city I found two young men in a violent argument over the location of Market street in the ashes.
At the pretty little park, Fell and Steiner streets, we came upon one of the strange little cities of refugees. I should pronounce this one of the most select residence districts of San Francisco now. It is the only home of hundreds upon hundreds of once well-to-do San Francisco people now ruined.
It was heart-rending to see the women tidying things up and trying to invent new ideas for attractive homes-trying to make their homes look better than their neighbors', just as they did before.
Some women made odd little bowers of two blankets and a sheet tent.
I passed ne tent where a young mother was lying at ease with her little girl, under a parasol. Just as I was going by, the little girl demanded "another." The mother laughed happily and began, "Well, once upon a time---"
As though one of the stories of all the ages was not going on down the hill below her!
To one of the groups on the lawn came a young man grinning all over and positively swaggering. He was received with shrieks of joy. He had six cans of sardines. He brought them to people who would have been insulted at the idea two days ago.
The San Francisco man invited me into his house, where we saw the wreck of his cut glass and library. But he forgot it all over a rare pece of good fortune that had befallen. The maid had managed to get a whole tea kettle of water. It was vile and muddy; but it was watter.
The young tailor told me that he had gone from daylight until 11:30, parching for a drink. The saloons were closed by order of Gen. Funston, but he managed to get beer from a saloon man.
In some parts of the city there is plenty of water. But I saw people rushing eagerly with buckets to catch the water out of the gutters where it had leaked from a fire hose. In the first terrible water famine, the firemen broke into sewers and threw sewer water on the fires.
The dramatic moments came as one neighborhood after another was told to pack up and move out. It was the sounding of doom. I saw several of these sorrowful dramas.
One wa in an old-fashioned street where old southern houses with iron dogs planted about the lawns had been pressed in upon by lodging-houses and corner groceries. It seemed mockery to think how the people in the aristocratic old houses must have raged at the intrusion of the corner stores. How futile it seemed now!
Came a dapper young cavalry lieutenant into the street. From their porches people watched him with pathetic anxiety. They could see the sentry's heels click together and his carbine snap down to a present. With a few words the officer would hurry on.
Making a megaphone of his hands, the sentry would turn and bawl these wods up the otherwise silent street: "This street is going to be dynamited; if you want anything in the grocery store, go to it!"
The balance of his remarks, if there were any, would be lost in a shout of applause from the crowds that seemed to smell such things. A rush for the grocery store would follow.
Men would come out laden to staggering with loot--canned goods, flour, bacon, hams, coffee--as much as they could possibly pack.
I saw one little girl not over four. This was the day she always had been dreaming of. Hugged to her heart was an enormous jar of stick candy, big enough to give her stomach-ache for the rest of her life. She could hardly lift it; but she put it down to rest, then went panting on.
At the warning of the sentry, the whole family in each house would rush back through the front door to rescue whatever treasure lay nearest their hearts. They only had four or five minutes. Men would come dragging bureaus and lounges. Often a man would be pulling along the family pride, the woman shoving from behind.
In one thrilling rescue I had the distinction of participating. An elderly woman grabbed me excitedly by the arms and gasped, "Catch it."
She pointed to a dejected canary perched on a window sill. I shinned gallantly up the side of a dead wall; just touched the canary bird with the tips of my fingers. It flew and a lady caught it triumphantly like a baseball as it came down. She went away "mothering" it.
Presently, the sentry would shout another warning and the people would scurry away, peeking out from behind safe corners. As if by magic, the streets would be thick with soldiers. The engineers would place the dynamite and they would all hurry out of danger.
Bang! And the grocery store would go scattering into the air.
It must be confessed that the dynamiting did very little good. It seemed to provide fine splintered timber as kindling for fiercer flames which jumped the gap supposed to check them.
The sound of the explosions was to be heard all day long almost like minute guns.
Let a word be interjected here about those splendid boys in blue uniform hurried into the city from the forts about San Francisco. They make one proud of the army. No more superbly policed city ever existed than the burning and stricken San Francisco.
Soldiers seemed to be everywhere. Almost at every street corner with fixed bayonet and ominous cartridge belt. Infantry, cavalry (some mounted infantry) and engineers, all doing sentry duty.
Gen. Funston was in personal command-not from his office, either. He went plowing around the most perilous streets soaked to the skin from the fire engines.
San Francisco in this time of panic and distress was more quiet and orderly than ever before. I saw not a single disturbance of the peace. With it all, the soldiers were polite, and seemed to try in every way to show courtesy and consideration. When they had to order people back, they did it in a quiet and gentlemanly way.
I met men who claimed to have seen men shot down by the soldiers for defying orders for unlicensed looting. Also there is a story of a negro being shot dead by a policeman for robbing a dead body.
One story I would like to believe--that a poor wretch pinned in among the blazing ruins roasting to death begged to be shot and some cavalry trooper had the moral courage to send a bullet through his brain.
Although I walked probably fifteen miles back and forth through the city, I saw very little unlicensed looting. Many grocery stores which did not seem to be in immediate danger, were thrown open; one very oddly. The proprietor nailed up one window with slats about four inches wide. He made the refugees line up, and each was privileged to take all he could reach through the window slats.
Some grocers and tradesmen were not so charitable. In other places I saw them demanding from people in danger of starving, 75 cents a loaf for bread.
Bread was the scarcest article except water.
The last of the tragedy that I witnessed was not only the most dramatic but the most tremendous.
It should be called the "Exodus," for it was a Biblical scene. It was the headlong flight of those who were most terror-stricken to get out of the doomed city.
All day long a procession of almost countless thousands was to be seen hurrying with all the possessions they could carry. There were people with bundles, packs, laden express wagons, hacks bulging with plunder, brewery wagons pressed into service, automobiles, push carts, even fire hose wagons.
I happened along at a crucial moment. One of the lieutenants whose peculiar and melancholy function seemed to be to pronounce the doom of one section after another, had just sent warning to Nob Hill, the center of fashion in San Francisco.
For hours I had been working my way toward the Oakland ferries. As a last hope, some one told me I might get there by going over these hills and following the line of the water front.
I got there after the warning had been given. It was San Francisco's wealthiest and most exclusive society who had to pack and sling their bundles over their shoulders.
And they did it with just as good grace and courage as the others. All were making a frantic attempt to hire expressmen with any kind of vehicle that would move, and most of them were failing.
During the first of the fire, some young society women with very poor taste, went autoing around the stricken districts as though it were a circus. They were stopped by a sentry and were made to get out of their car and hand it over to a posse of special officers being hurried to some district in new peril.
As I gained the top of Nob Hill and turned to look back, it was clear why the warning had been given. In one direction, hospitals were burning south of Market street.
In the center distance the big car barns were on fire and roaring with flames. Ordinarily this would have been a sensation of a week. Now it wasn't even considered worth while to send fire engines and nobody stopped to look as they walked by.
The main streets, where the business part of the city had been, were black with an immense throng of people who were walking up and down among the ruins.
Looking toward the ferries, I could count nine big skyscrapers, all crowned with fire, outlined in a lurid row against the sky line. The flames were creeping slowly, but with deadly persistence, toward Nob Hill, with several lesser fires blazing in between.
It was high time Nob Hill was moving.
One old man had chartered an express wagon, and was on top of the wagon frantically interfering with the work of removing the goods from a big, aristocratic-looking house.
"The books!" he shrieked, "Why in heaven's sake don't you bring the books?"
A swagger young woman came to the door with a handsome mantel clock and walked calmly down the stairs. "Please put this in some especially safe place, please," she said, as composedly as though this were nothing more than any ordinary moving day.
Down the street I saw a woman with the bearing of a patrician shoving at the rear of a push cart, loaded with all of the few things she could save; a servant was drawing it.
Behind came a young girl, who half turned for a last look at the house, and burst out crying. Her mother left the load for a moment and comforted her. "Never mind, dear," she said. "Don't cry! See, momma isn't crying."
"Mamma" knew that is a few minutes her home and all the property she had in the world would die in the fire just as her husband's business had already done; but mamma wasn't crying.
On the corner of Van Ness avenue and Broadway, I saw a girl well dressed, who had evidently been driven out from there. All she had saved was a bed tick filled with something. As it was very hot, and she was very tired, she had spread it on the pavement, and was watching the throng from under her parasol.
I saw another girl in a trig outing suit and little patent-leather shoes, toss a bundle, done up in a sheet, over her shoulder and walk away in the procession with the most fascinating nonchalance.
One woman I saw going away in an elegantly-fitted private carriage. It was drawn by two horses with tails about two inches long and soaring; so she must have been near the top of the Upper Crust.
She, too, joined in the flight. Just as she got to the bottom of the hill se had the driver stop. I saw her turn and take a last wistful lok from her carriage window at her doomed home. She was not attempting to take anything with her. Like many others, she had simploy locked her door and gone.
Many of these people, rich one day, are practically paupers on the morrow. Many of them slept outdoors in the parks under a blanket, afraid to sleep in their own palatial homes.
What I call the "Exodus" fled down Van Ness avenue to the water front, thence along the Barbary Coast and tough water front by an enormously long detour to the ferries; it was the only way, the town streets being on fire and closed by the military.
The farther you went along the more conglmerate the throng became. The inhabitants of the foreign quarters began pouring out to join the flight.
I was so tired with a long day spent walking about the burning city that it seemed an impossibility that I should keep on. Every step was actual physical pain.
Twenty passing cabs, returning from the ferries, I stopped and tried to charter. The drivers, after bigger game, would wave me aside and say "Nothin' doin'."
One cabby said that he had to hurry out to the other end of the city to rescue his own family who were in danger. Another young autocrat on the cabby's box took a long puff on his cigarette before he replied to my appeal.
"Fellow, you couldn't hire this hack for a million dollars," he said.
There was one amusing feature in the terrible procession. She was a haughty dame from Van Ness avenue. All that she could save she had stuffed into a big striped bed tick. She was trying to drag this along, and at the same time trying to maintain the dignity of a perfect lady. Candidly, it was not a success. One can stick pretty nearly everything into a striped bed quilt, but not dignity.
Along the way were women who had dropped out from exhaustion and were sitting there with their bundles in utter dispair.


text: COLUMBUS (AP) — A bill in the Ohio Senate would ban smoking in cars if children under 6 are on board. The measure's sponsor says the idea is to safeguard youngsters from secondhand smoke. Democratic Sen. Charleta Tavares of Columbus testified Wednesday at a hearing on her bill and said smoke inside cars is especially dangerous because the space makes the smoke much more concentrated. Multiple news outlets report that Senate Highways and Transportation Committee Chairman Tom Patton questioned how law enforcers would be able to spot that a child is younger than 6, in order to enforce the law. Another Republican, Sen. Frank LaRose, warned that critics are likely to say the proposal infringes on personal freedom. Tavares says several other states have similar car smoking bans.


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GERENDE v. ELECTION BOARD(1951)
A decision by the highest court of Maryland upholding the validity of a Maryland law, construed as requiring that, in order for a candidate for public office in that State to obtain a place on the ballot, he must make oath that he is not engaged "in one way or another in the attempt to overthrow the government by force or violence," and that he is not knowingly a member of an organization engaged in such an attempt, is here affirmed on the understanding that an affidavit in those terms fully satisfies the requirement. Pp. 56-57.
___ Md. ___, 78 A. 2d 660, affirmed.
I. Duke Avnet and William H. Murphy argued the cause for appellant. With them on the brief were Harold Buchman and Mitchell A. Dubow.
Hall Hammond, Attorney General of Maryland, and J. Edgar Harvey, Deputy Attorney General, argued the cause and filed a brief for appellees.
This is an appeal from a decision of the Court of Appeals of the State of Maryland the effect of which is to deny the appellant a place on the ballot for a municipal election in the City of Baltimore on the ground that she has refused to file an affidavit required by state law. Md. Laws 1949, c. 86, 15. ___ Md. ___, 78 A. 2d 660. The scope of the state law was passed on in Shub v. Simpson, ___ Md. ___, 76 A. 2d 332. We read this decision to hold that to obtain a place on a Maryland ballot a candidate need only make oath that he is not a person who is engaged "in one way or another in the attempt [341 U.S. 56, 57] to overthrow the government by force or violence," and that he is not knowingly a member of an organization engaged in such an attempt. ___ Md. at ___, 76 A. 2d at 338. At the bar of this Court the Attorney General of the State of Maryland declared that he would advise the proper authorities to accept an affidavit in these terms as satisfying in full the statutory requirement. Under these circumstances and with this understanding, the judgment of the Maryland Court of Appeals is


text:
A list of all articles for the tag "clean".
Ansco Rediflex
I picked up a Ansco Rediflex from the St. Agnes church rummage the other day for 50 cents. I figured that the low cost of the camera would make it a good trial for diving into cleaning and fixing up cameras. If worse comes to worse the camera will make a good start to my camera collection. Check out the before and after shots within the post.