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Spurred on by Kristin's request for some Australian novels, I've recently been re-reading some of the novels on my Australian Reading List (and the additions in the comments). So far I've read A Town Like Alice, They're a Weird Mob, Harland's Half Acre and The True History of the Kelly Gang (can't believe I read about Ned Kelly!). What's particularly struck me is how strange it seems to read stories set in a geographical background that is familiar. Somehow reading "foreign" novels is normal, whereas a story set in my Australian hometown seems quite out of the ordinary. Perhaps more than anything it tells you of the cultural dysjunction with which we have traditionally lived.
The other day I picked up Foreign Correspondence by award-winning author and journalist/foreign correspondent, Geraldine Brooks. Geraldine grew up in Sydney in the 1960s and while there's about a five year time difference from my own experience, so much of what she talks about is familiar. Her experience of living in Sydney's western suburbs is so much starker than my own in Brisbane although the tightness of the community and a sense of its potential claustrophobia is similar. Much of Australia's cultural attitudes of the 1960s come through in her writing, some overtly and other aspects more indirectly. She speaks too of the big events and issues of the era including the Vietnam war and the impact of Gough Whitlam's election as Prime Minister.
Her health in childhood affected her schooling and how she interacted with others. She speaks very much as one who couldn't wait to leave Australia and see what the big wide world had to offer and until she reached adulthood, she used pen pals as her gateway to the world. Nearly 30 years later she wonders what happened to those "foreign correspondents". She traces them in the US, Middle East and France ultimately concluding that in fact her early life was not quite as circumscribed as she thought and that despite her many successes, at the time of writing this story she gained satisfaction from living a life not unlike the village-based life of her former French pen friend.
Her experiences made me reflect on my own experiences. My suburb also had a significant post-war immigration with people from Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Malta….. They were recent immigrants and many of the adults spoke little English. Playing with their children taught me indirectly about different cultural attitudes, tolerance for others and the language challenges. We never really knew of their lives before they came to Australia but their very presence in our daily lives opened the world's doors: a pivotal influence in my life. Like the author I also had pen friends- three in the USA at different times and one in Holland. Also like her I've sometimes wondered where life took them. (Are you out there Patsy Kiwala, Carole Dzurban, Connie Cundiff and Ria Fyn van Draat?)
Reading a book like this, which fits closely with one's own experiences, raises questions about life differences. My first thought was that while I had always desperately wanted to travel, I never expected or wanted to live the life of an expatriate. Only one or two of our friends from university made the sea voyage to England to work, perhaps because many of us met our life partners at uni. It's a paradox that when thinking of living "overseas" and the life of an expatriate, my focus remains on the UK. This is ironic because for nearly a decade I was an expatriate in Papua New Guinea, a country which was vastly different to anything that would have been experienced in Europe, despite its dominant Australian overlay. London would probably have been less of a shock.
With cheaper and faster flights world-wide it's now common for our children's generation to live and work overseas. Many parents (including us) have one or more children living at vast distances from them. Many Australian young adults make the pilgrimage to live and work around the world. Most of them probably return eventually, but others live elsewhere for the rest of their lives: we are a peripatetic nation.
There is a book by Nikki Gemmell called "Why you are Australian", written to her children who had been growing up in London until the family made the reverse migration to Australia. Although some of it seems over the top or idealised, she does evoke so much about being Australian.
Why am I Australian? Apart from those five generations of Queenslanders who've gone before me, the reasons are based in country almost in the indigenous sense. When you return from overseas, the first thing that hits you is the light. The brightness of the colours almost hurts your eyes after the grey skies of northern countries. Perhaps that's why the birds are so often colourful too –they have to compete. The sheer expanse of the sky and its vivid blue on its many clear days. The ocean of stars in the sky at night, spanned by the white haze of the Milky Way, more startling in the bush or over the desert. The Southern Cross tracking its way across the night sky spinning on its southerly axis. The red desert colour, the roar of the ocean waves breaking on long stretches of white sand or the red beachside cliffs of north-western Australia. The starkness of our bush, and what foreigners see as its emptiness and isolation. Storm clouds over the Tropical north in the Wet Season, all sound and drama. The geological patterns stretching from shore to shore, across thousands of kilometres so that the country around Mt Isa will remind you of the Red Centre or parts of Western Australia. The ancient rock formations and the centuries-old ghost gums. For so long we saw ourselves as a young country when in reality we're as old as time, deceived by the absence of buildings to declare man's presence yet in caves around the country there's ancient artgoing back thousands of years.
I remember once a distant Irish cousin asking me if I was Australian or Irish. It was a genuine question but I confess I was both bewildered and astonished. For me it was a "no brainer", I'm an Aussie through and through, much as I love visiting my ancestral places. You won't (usually) find me beating the patriotic drum, flying a flag at every turn sets my teeth on edge, and those stickers saying "if you don't love it, leave" make me want to scream (do they never criticise someone they love? I doubt it). But yes, I'm an Australian to my core. Funny how a book can make you want to declare your sense of belonging.
I wrote this story a week ago but hadn't posted it. Last night soon after it was uploaded I was reading recent posts by a young Aussie blogger I follow at A Big Life. Living in Bavaria she talks about being caught between two countries and the pull of home – the expatriate's dilemma. Two of her reflective posts are here and here.
You can see other photos of the Top End of Australia on my Tropical Territory blog which shows just how beautiful this part of the country can be. If you've been reading my blog for a while you'll have seen some of the magnificent east coast country.


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You got a first look at Fast & Furious 6 this weekend with the film's Super Bowl spot and now Universal Pictures has brought online a longer, 3-minute preview that you can watch using the player below!
Opening in theaters on May 24, the Justin Lin-directed action thriller stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Jordana Brewster, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Sung Kang, Gal Gadot, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Elsa Pataky, Luke Evans and Gina Carano.
Since Dom (Diesel) and Brian's (Walker) Rio heist toppled a kingpin's empire and left their crew with $100 million, our heroes have scattered across the globe. But their inability to return home and living forever on the lam have left their lives incomplete.
Meanwhile, Hobbs (Johnson) has been tracking an organization of lethally skilled mercenary drivers across 12 countries, whose mastermind (Evans) is aided by a ruthless second-in-command revealed to be the love Dom thought was dead, Letty (Rodriguez). The only way to stop the criminal outfit is to outmatch them at street level, so Hobbs asks Dom to assemble his elite team in London. Payment? Full pardons for all of them so they can return home and make their families whole again.

subset: commoncrawl


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Amanda Bynes Says She's 'Doing Amazing'; Getting Kicked Out of Spin Class for Putting On Makeup in a Strapless Bra Suggests Otherwise
Though her reign of vehicular terror recently concluded with her BMW being impounded, Amanda Bynes' trail of batshittery is not over by a mile.
The troubled "Nickelodeon star" was reportedly spotted freaking out a spin class instructor with her extremely odd behavior, which included removing her top and sitting around on a stationary bike for several long minutes applying makeup in a "tiny black strapless push up bra."
She was eventually asked to leave.
Despite being charged with two hit-and-runs and a DUI, being photographed smoking a "drug pipe" inside her car while driving around without a license, and reportedly having extended conversations with inanimate objects, Bynes told People she is "doing amazing" and denied ever drinking and driving because "because I don't drink."
"I am retired as an actor," she said in a rare interview with the gossip magazine. "I am moving to New York to launch my career. I am going to do a fashion line."
I'm not sure New York is big enough for both Amanda Bynes and Lindsay Lohan.
[photo via Getty]


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Infused with gochujang (Korean chili paste), toasted sesame seeds, and bourbon, this unlikely flavored ghee (clarified butter) is shocking delicious. It was created as part of a larger clam recipe, but the butter can also be used to sauté fish, or as a poaching liquid and dipping sauce for clams and other seafood. The reserved sesame seeds and nori are reserved and used in the original clam recipe along with the butter, but can also be reserved as a flavorful topping for the cooked fish or seafood.
Note: Gochujang and teriyaki-flavored nori sheets can be found at Asian markets and many specialty food stores.
Recipe Facts
- 1/2 cup plus 3/4 tablespoon (125 grams) unsalted butter
- 5 3/4 tablespoons (50 grams) white sesame seeds
- 4 1/4 tablespoons (60 grams) bourbon
- 3 tablespoons (50 grams) gochujang (Korean red chili paste; see note)
- 1/4 ounce (7 grams) teriyaki flavored nori sheets (see note)
- 1 tablespoon (15 grams) toasted sesame oil
In a medium pan, melt butter over medium heat. Add sesame seeds and cook, stirring, until seeds and butter have both browned and become nutty and aromatic, about 10 minutes. Remove from heat and carefully pour in bourbon; it will sizzle and foam. Return pan to medium heat and cook until alcohol burns off, about 2-3 minutes.
Stir in gochujang and nori. Cook until all the water evaporates and the butter looks like clear red fat with the seeds and nori at the bottom, about 5 minutes. Strain gochujang ghee through a fine mesh sieve, reserving sesame seeds and nori in the refrigerator. Stir sesame oil into gochujang ghee and refrigerate in a covered container until ready to use, up to 2 weeks.


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Pressure, shear, thermal and interaction effects on quality of raw milk treated by Continuous High Pressure Processing system
400 MPa and depressurized via shear valve under low and high flow rates, at process temperatures of ... using particle size, viscosity, pH, creaming rate and protein profile. Treatments and analyses were run ... viscosity of samples upto 3.08 cP as compared to 2.68 cP for raw milk. Creaming rate of raw milk samples ...
Techno-economic analysis of a combined anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal carbonization system
produced along with other chars were amended to soil at different rates. Soil responses, lettuce emergence, ... and biomass production were analyzed based on char sources and rates. Temperature was the most ... and cation exchange capacity compared to other chars. All char types resulted in germination rates ...
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lethal effect). The product exits through a shear valve at two different shear flow rates (0.41 ± ... exit temperature at the shear valve) were 10, 30, and 3-10 (depending on flow rate) seconds ... 2.1-log for B. cereus. Within the study conditions, shear flow rate and residence time, did not show ...
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acquisition rates. ACQUITY UPLC System The UPLC works at higher efficiencies with a much wider range of ... linear velocities, flow rates, and backpressures compared to HPLC. UPLC generates high peak capacities in ...
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ratings were modeled by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) with good fit (R2Y > 0.9) and ...
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variable-rate fertilizer, herbicide and pesticide applications in precision agriculture. The current approach of ...


text: With The Best of Birds & Blooms 2020 in hand, you'll have instant access to all the year's best problem solvers from Birds & Blooms magazine. Inside you'll find 200+ helpful gardening and bird-attracting solutions that will help you create the "backyard oasis" of your dreams. Plus, you'll enjoy, how-to garden plans, up-close bird and butterfly photos and common-sense advice for attracting more birds and growing bigger blooms.


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Ofcom, the U.K. television regulator, has rendered a remarkable decision. People interested in what was actually decided will, unfortunately, have to consult the original judgment at Ofcom, rather than the BBC accounts (here, here) of the judgment.
BBC stated:
The Great Global Warming Swindle, a controversial Channel 4 film, broke Ofcom rules, the media regulator says. In a long-awaited judgement, Ofcom says Channel 4 did not fulfil obligations to be impartial and to reflect a range of views on controversial issues. The film also treated interviewees unfairly, but did not mislead audiences "so as to cause harm or offence". Plaintiffs say the Ofcom judgement is "inconsistent" and "lets Channel 4 off the hook on a technicality."
Ofcom rendered 4 decisions in relation to the program itself (page 6) and about alleged unfairness to David King (page 36), IPCC (page 43) and Carl Wunsch (page 70) separately. Today I'll post on the program decision and will discuss the 3 ancillary decisions tomorrow.
As I've previously mentioned on the blog, I had no involvement in the making or editing of the production. I chatted briefly with a production assistant in Sweden at the KTH conference in Sept 2006 on a pleasant fall day and agreed to an interview when they visited North America, but the interview was cancelled and I had no further contact with them prior to the show being aired. It turned out that I was mentioned in the credits, but nonetheless, as stated above, I had no involvement in anything to do with the preparation of the program.
When controversy arose about one of their temperature graphics in early 2007, I examined the graphic (reported on at CA here on March 17), identifying the exact error (as opposed to more fanciful explanations). I contacted the producers of the show urging them to fix the error, which they undertook to do. Last fall, they contacted me for assistance in responding to the various complaints, which I provided. One of the complaints was that Swindle had failed to use Michael Mann's Hockey Stick, a matter on which I felt that the complaint was singularly unjustified and on which I was well qualified to provide technical information. Had the other side asked my opinion on their account of the Stick prior to submitting the complaint, I would have provided it and urged them to avoid this particular issue.
The Program
Ofcom stated that it had received 265 complaints about the Program, the bulk of them alleging misrepresentations (in breach of section 2.2) or a failure of due impartiality (section 5).
Among the complainants claiming misrepresentations were Bob Ward and the 37 professors (Myles Allen, Phil Jones et al) who alleged a wide variety of error here and David Rado of the 175-page complaint profiled by BBC here. Ofcom did not uphold any of the misrepresentation complaints against Swindle. Not one. [Update: Three paragraphs down, I state the symmetric point that neither does Ofcom "vindicate" Swindle, which some people ignore. My point here is that Ofcom totally refused to give the complainants the relief that they sought.]
Ofcom summarized their judgement as follows:
In summary, in relation to the manner in which facts in the programme were presented, Ofcom is of the view that the audience of this programme was not materially misled in a manner that would have led to actual or potential harm. The audience would have been in no doubt that the programme's focus was on scientific and other arguments which challenged the orthodox theory of man-made global warming. Regardless of whether viewers were in fact persuaded by the arguments contained in the programme, Ofcom does not believe that they could have been materially misled as to the existence and substance of these alternative theories and opinions, or misled as to the weight which is given to these opinions in the scientific
Ofcom considers that, although the programme may have caused viewers to challenge the consensus view that human activity is the main cause of global warming, there is no evidence that the programme in itself did, or would, cause appreciable potential harm to members of the public …
Channel 4, however, had the right to show this programme provided it remained within the Code and – despite certain reservations – Ofcom has determined that it did not breach Rule 2.2. On balance it did not materially mislead the audience so as to cause harm or offence.
Not in breach of Rule 2.2.
That's not to say that Ofcom said that Durkin's point of view had been vindicated, merely that the complainants were seeking comfort in the wrong bed. Even though complainant Rado said that his complaint had been "peer reviewed" by William Connolley, Ofcom resisted the temptation to opine on scientific truth; instead they did the job assigned to them legislation – to determine whether there had been a violation of Rule 2.2, a possibility that none of the complainants seemed to have considered and for which their preparations were abysmal.
In addition to the general finding, Ofcom selected four major alleged misrepresentations (from the dozens of incoherently presented issues in Rado's 175 page "peer reviewed" complaint) for individual consideration. Here's a bit of advice from me to the complainants – you'd have been better off to pick your 4 best issues and stick to them, no matter how interesting the other ones seemed; write a blog on the other ones if you want, but the risk of presenting too many issues to a tribunal is that they'll end up picking 4 issues to consider anyway and, by throwing too many spitballs against the wall, you end up being stuck with the choices that they make. Were I crafting the complaint, I would not have picked the 4 issues that Ofcom focused on as my priority issues. But the complainants failed to prioritize and got stuck with the issues that Ofcom selected.
The first specific issue related to the use of graphics. And indeed, Swindle contained an error in the temperature graphic in the first program, which was said to have been inadvertently introduced in the production of the graphic. Unlike (say) Inconvenient Truth, where errors have remained uncorrected even when one of their Scientific Advisers supposedly brought the error to the attention of the Inconvenient Truth producers, in this case, the producers promptly replaced the graphic, with changes being made even before the second showing. In the hearing, the GGWS producers candidly acknowledged the error and reported the correction. This undoubtedly helped them with the complaint; Ofcom noted the error but found that this error was "not of such significance as to have been materially misleading so as to cause harm and offence in breach of Rule 2.2".
The second specific allegation considered was the alleged "'distortion' of the science of climate modelling." Ofcom drolly noted:
Ofcom noted that, although the complainants disagreed with the points made by the contributors in the programme, they did not suggest that the overall statements about climate models were factually inaccurate.
Ouch. Ofcom went on to say (again finding for the defendant):
Ofcom notes that the creation of such models necessarily involved assumptions. The disagreement among scientists about the nature of those assumptions (as described by the contributors to the programme) is not an issue on which Ofcom can adjudicate. Overall however Ofcom's view was that the passages complained of were not materially misleading so as to cause harm and offence.
Next they considered the claim "that the theory of anthropogenic global warming is promoted by environmentalists as a means to reverse economic growth". I would have advised the complainants to have just dropped this sort of piffle as a complaint. Ofcom made short shrift of this complaint:
This sequence of the programme consisted of a brief historical examination of the environmental movement in the late 1980s before it had become mainstream. These were clearly views of a small set of people who took a particular position on the political motives of these campaigners. In line with the right to freedom of expression, Ofcom considers that the broadcaster has the right to transmit such views and the audience would understand the context in which such comments were made. The content was therefore not misleading.
The last specific complaint considered were allegations that the program inflated the credibility of its contributors and that they had failed to disclose nefarious links between the contributors and the fossil fuel industry, links which were denied. Ofcom refused to get involved in judging a beauty contest as to whose experts were the more expert or to grasp the nettle of sorting out the validity of internet tattle on supposed links of Lindzen, Singer etc to the fossil fuel industry. They decided the matter on alternate grounds, finding that the amount of contributor background that was reported was an editorial decision:
The credibility of contributors to the programme The right to freedom of expression and the principle of editorial freedom are crucial to broadcasters. The programme used contributors who offered controversial opinions on the issues raised. The decisions by the programme makers not to include all the qualifications of contributors, and not to include more background on them (some of which is strongly disputed), were editorial decisions which overall did not in Ofcom's view result in the audience being materially misled. … in Ofcom's view these alleged and strongly disputed links did not need to be disclosed to viewers to avoid the programme being misleading
Alleged Omissions
The Complainants also alleged that Ofcom had misled viewers by "omission of views and facts in a way that materially misled so as to be harmful or offensive". Here Ofcom observed that the program hardly concealed the existence of a mainstream view – indeed, the program referred repeatedly to the mainstream view, which it criticized, but the audience was clearly apprised that another view was the mainstream view. Ofcom also noted that the mainstream view was well-publicized elsewhere. OFcom:
Ofcom considers there is a difference between presenting an opinion which attacks an established, mainstream and well understood view, such as in this programme, and criticising a view which is much more widely disputed and contentious. In the former case, programme makers are not always required to ensure the detailed reflection of the mainstream view (since it will already be known and generally accepted by the majority of viewers). In the context of this particular programme, given the number of scientific theories and politico-economic arguments dealt with in The Great Global Warming Swindle, it was not materially misleading overall to have omitted certain opposing views or represented them only in commentary. The use by the programme makers of commentary, interviews and archive footage in an attempt to demonstrate the mainstream view on balance, in Ofcom's opinion, fulfilled this requirement.
In summary, Ofcom considered most viewers would have been aware that the views expressed in the programme went against the scientific consensus about the causes of global warming and were only espoused by a small minority – not least because of the overwhelming amount of material broadcast in recent years based on the consensus view that human production of carbon dioxide is a major cause of global warming.
Due Impartiality
None of the complaints alleging lack of due impartiality in the science portion (sections 1-4) was upheld. Not one. The only bone thrown to the complainants was a finding that there had not been due impartiality in the portion talking about Africa – an issue that Bob Ward and the Myles Allen 37 didn't even mention. Ofcom's reasoning here had a fine touch of irony, which will appeal to connoisseurs of irony, as I hope most CA readers are.
In order for section 5 due impartiality requirements to come into play, the issue had to be one "of political or industrial controversy". The Code explains that these are "political or industrial issues on which politicians, industry and/or the media are in debate." But if the science was "settled", as the complainants elsewhere argued, then the matter necessarily ceased to be one of "political or industrial controversy", leaving section 5 inapplicable. As confirmation, Channel 4 introduced statements from the Stern Commission and the former Environment Minister that the science was "settled" and thus the science matters discussed in sections 1-4 were no longer matters of "political or industrial controversy."
Rather a bold gambit and one that left the Complainants on the horns of a dilemma. In order to sustain their section 5 complaint, they would have had to reverse the position argued elsewhere in the complaint and argue that the science was not "settled", hardly something that they wanted to do and a position that they did not adopt.
In their decision, Ofcom noted the views of the Stern Commission and the former Environment Minister that the science was no longer a matter of "political or industrial controversy" and threw out the section 5 complaints in relation to the science sections. Didn't I tell you that the irony would appeal to CA readers? [Update: Most blogosphere commentators have failed to catch Ofcom's logic, which is subtle. James Annan sort of grasps it saying "It sort of has a valid internal logic in a smugly complacent middle-class sort of way, but leaves me wondering what OFCOM is actually for." If Annan is interested in the latter question, he would do well to peruse the Ofcom decision bulletins, which indicate a busy schedule, but one which makes them an inappropriate arbitrator of a scientific dispute, no matter how obvious it seems to the proponents – which is doubtless why they chose not to act as arbiters of scientific matters. ]
The only bone that Ofcom threw the program complainants was a mercy bone in relation to the Africa segment, which was hardly a matter of big controversy, having attracted no ire from Bob Ward and the 37 professors. Ofcom concluded that the Africa segment did involve a matter of policy and that the GGWS producers had an obligation to have been more impartial on this topic.
Summary on the Program Complaint
In relation to the program complaint, it's hard to imagine a more thorough stuffing of the complainants. They were lucky they didn't have to pay costs.
Tomorrow I'll comment on the 3 decisions involving individual complaints by David King, the IPCC and Carl Wunsch, each involving fairly particular matters. In each case, Ofcom rejected important items of complaint, with about the only bone thrown the complainants' way being findings that GGWS did not give the complainants' enough notice. I was hoping to get to this tonight, because the David King complaint in particular is really the stuff of comedy, which Ofcom handled with a suitably droll delivery worthy of Stephen Colbert.
A complete stuffing of the 37 professors.


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This one is less than 2 weeks ago... sydney again.
Man attacks Chinese Australian woman on street in Sydney, tells her to 'get out of my country'
" A Chinese Australian woman named Lina contacted local Chinese language media Sydney Today, revealing her terrifying experience of being attacked by a stranger on the streets in Burwood. A ccording to the report, while Lina was waiting at the traffic light near Burwood shopping mall around midday on the 4th February, a Caucasian-looking man suddenly shouted at her, with what she describes as "a series of insulting words - and yelling 'Get out of my country.'" Although she tried to walk away, the man stopped her and punched her in the face, causing immediate bleeding. "
There are a lot more such cases reported in this greener grass heaven, can search yourself if interested...


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This is the standard notation used on Ordnance Survey Landranger maps.
Each reference consists of two letters identifying a 100,000 metre square block then three digits defining the Easting and finally the three digits defining the Northing with reference to the South West corner of the block.
NN166712 is the grid reference for the summit of Ben Nevis. Where you are given the map number ( For Ben Nevis = 41) it is acceptable to omit the two initial letters e.g. 166712. (Instructions on how to read the references are given on the OS maps).
The UK is covered by 204 Ordnance Survey Landranger 1:50,000 scale maps. Maps numbered 1 to 86 cover Scotland but for the highest mountains (Munros) only 23 maps are required. The name given roughly describes the area covered by the map.
A description of the characteristics of the mountain including any hazards of which you should be aware.
To the E of the main ridge the slopes, overlooking Loch Treig, are craggy in places but there are easy slopes down to Creagan a Chaise (723m), whereas those to the W are rocky just below the summits but then easier terrain leads down to the Lairig Leacach.
Normal access is from Stob a' Choire Mheadhion or from Coire Laire via the ridge N of the summit.
Stob Coire Easain from Stob a Choire Mheadhoin, 24 April 2010
© Lisa O'keefe
Stob Coire Easain from the bealach.
Stob Coire Easain from Stob a` Choire Mheadhoin in October
© Ian Swann
Stob Coire Easain from Stob a' Choire Mheadhoin 27th May 2007
© Lynda Langlands
A selection of weather forecasts local to #GetMountain.Top_Name#.
Ordnance Survey digital maps are also available to members.
A selection of local accommodation options who advertise with Munromagic.com.
The summary information of one or more ascent routes that include Stob Coire Easain.
Click on the route title to load the full content for that route.
Pictures submitted by members on the summit of Stob Coire Easain
Summit Cafe! Stob Coire Easain
© Alan Puckrin
Aylmer family father (Peter) and son (Adrian) on the top of Stob Coire Easain
© Peter Aylmer
me and the boys at the last top of a great wkend
© John Frew
Top of stob coire easain,had an amazing day
© Richard Reid
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The city of St. Cloud, Florida, population 28,000, made the headlines a few months ago with the launch of its city-wide free WiFi Internet project. Now, shortly after the service has been launched, customers are complaining that it is simply not reliable enough to replace their for-pay Internet Service Providers.
The WiFi network, which covers an area of 15 square miles, was an expansion of a smaller service that had been launched as a trial project in May 2004. The new service was intended to save residents the monthly cost of their ISP and also to cut down on cellular phone bills for police and other municipal workers. However, it has fallen somewhat short of this goal. 3,500 users have registered for the network, logging 176,189 total hours of use, but many have complained that the signal drops out or that they can't connect at all.
"All technology has its hiccups, and sometimes more than hiccups," St. Cloud Mayor Donna Hart said. "I think that it's going to be a major challenge, and it'll probably be a major challenge for some time until the technology is such that it works properly."
Whether or not St. Cloud can make this project a success may well determine whether other cities follow in their lead. Major centers such as London, Chicago, and San Francisco are working on city-wide WiFi rollouts, but they will not be free, using either a model where ISPs can charge for connecting through the service, or providing a basic connection supported by in-line advertising.
The St. Cloud model may be a case of "you get what you paid for." Some would argue that any form of government organization is likely to respond less quickly to customer complaints than a business that relies on customers for its income. However, former mayor Glenn Sangiovanni, who spearheaded the project, insists that any problems will be taken care of as a matter of course:
"There's [sic] a lot of variables, and that's part of it," Sangiovanni said. "It could be the block construction you have, it could be the tin roof you have. There's lots of different things that could be unique to your environment as opposed to my environment.
"We went into this with the expectation that it's really a year plan that we're going to implement," he added. "You don't know what you're going to get into when you take on the whole city because you can't stress test that."
It kind of reminds me of what typically happens when a new MMORPG comes online, and all the servers start to bog down under the greater-than-expected demand. Hopefully the technological hurdles can be overcome, because it would be neat to see city-wide WiFi happening all over the globe.


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21 Dramatic Ways to Decorate With the Color Black
Depending on how you style it, black has the power to add refined sophistication or a simple country feel.
Depending on how you style it, black has the power to add refined sophistication or a simple country feel.
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Black Bedroom
Black can help you sleep soundly, Tracy Reese discovered, after painting her upstate New York home's master bedroom a deep black.
Bold Bathroom
An extra-large Hoesch bathtub pops against walls painted in Behr's Sled, as does a mermaid painting by Kolene.
Custom Home Office
Valspar's Chalkboard covers the wall in the home office of this Washington home. A $5 can of spray-paint (Cut Ruby by Valspar) from Lowe's updated a chrome lamp that hangs above a vintage pine table and leather-and-wood factory stool.
Home Office Sitting Area
For the home office of our 2012 House of the Year, designer Barbara Kurgan, along with experts Shauna Alterio and Stephen Loidolt, created an artfully organized, thought-provoking studio for a husband-and wife team who work side by side, all day long. They subtly delineated a sitting area with Company Store's cowhide rug. The Ballard Designs settee, upholstered in coral velvet from Calico Corners, helps cement the workshop's palette, sparked by a box of Ladurée macaroons. The walls are painted Dragon's Breath and the ceiling Raindance, both by Benjamin Moore.
Black Accents
The owners of this historic Austin home woke up their blah center hall with paint—contrasting a light-reflecting high-gloss white (Silver Satin by Benjamin Moore) with dramatic gray-black trim (Nightfall by Benjamin Moore). Austin blacksmith Daniel Smith forged the iron chandeliers. Windsor chairs and slat-back benches (all Crate & Barrel bargains) surround an oak tailor's table from the 1840s.
At this Michigan log cabin, deer antlers hang above a 1930s pine-cabinet dartboard on the four-season porch. The wall is painted Stealth Jet by Behr. The chair is new, but could pass for one of the owners' Old Hickory antiques.
Wall of Framed Wildflowers
A wall's worth of wildflowers (no fewer than 40!), pressed by a local artist, enlivens the center hall in this antebellum Georgia house. Beneath, a salvaged church pew hosts pillows sewn from turn-of-the-century grain sacks. The wall is painted Writer's Parchment by Ralph Lauren.
Moody Living Room
In the living room of this Austin house a moody black (Black Knight by Benjamin Moore) covers the walls and trim, imbuing it with cozy mystery. A circa-1930 Heriz Persian rug boldly anchors the room's iconic midcentury finds, including a Florence Knoll sofa and Arne Jacobsen egg chair. The old geographical prints were unearthed at Uncommon Objects in Austin.
Chalkboard Paint
Fearing upper cabinets would overpower the galley kitchen in this cottage, the homeowner opted instead for simple white planks and custom brackets, set against a dark, yet playful chalkboard-painted wall.
Horizontal Stripes
The homeowners of this quirky and colorful home painted their hallway black-and-white for a catalog shoot, then liked the look so much, they kept it. A runner from Pine Cone Hill and a vintage chandelier, topped with Stray Dog shades, add to the striped effect.
Chalkboard Bathroom
For the home office of our 2012 House of the Year, chalkboard paint from Benjamin Moore yields a changeable canvas in the powder room. Rather than settle on a permanent pattern for the wallpaper, Barbara Kurgan, the interior designer, had artist Chiara Alberetti Milott draw one.
40 Beautiful Colors to Paint Your Front Door
Paint Colors Inspired by the Mississippi Delta
Top 18 Best New Color Schemes for Fall
13 Bold Colors to Pair With Gray
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By Journey2Free
About Journey2Free
My name is Larissa Rhone. I was sexually abused for years as a child. I decided on going public with my story in hopes of inspiring and empowering others to speak about there ordeals in hopes of helping others. This space serves as a platform, I'm on my way, my Journey to Self-Discovery, Acknowledgement, Acceptance, Personal Growth, and Personal Freedom, ultimately my Growth and Healing. J2F gives an account of sexual abuse, my living with a chronic illness, betrayal, lessons learned, childhood traumas, survival etc... My past, my present, the future me, my shedding the veil of anger and mistrust and anxiously stepping into the Me, God intended for me to be. Join me as I/we Journey2Free! From my heart to yours..


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Sans-Acne Topical
Related Posts "Sans-Acne Topical":
Generic Name: erythromycin (Topical route)
e-rith-roe-MYE-sinCommonly used brand name(s)
In the U.S.A/T/S Akne-Mycin Emcin Emgel Ery Erycette Eryderm Erygel Theramycin Z
In CanadaSans-Acne Staticin
Available Dosage Forms:Pad Gel/Jelly Ointment Solution Swab Lotion
Therapeutic Class: Antiacne
Chemical Class: MacrolideUses For Sans-Acne
Erythromycin belongs to the family of medicines called antibiotics. Erythromycin topical preparations are used on the skin to help control acne. They may be used alone or with one or more other medicines that are applied to the skin or taken by mouth for acne. They may also be used for other problems, such as skin infections, as determined by your doctor.
Erythromycin is available only with your doctor's prescription.Before Using Sans-Acne
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:Allergies
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.Pediatric
Erythromycin topical solution has been tested in children 12 years of age and older and, in effective doses, has not been shown to cause different side effects or problems than it does in adults.Geriatric
Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults. Although there is no specific information comparing use of topical erythromycin in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.Interactions with Medicines
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.Clindamycin Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.Proper Use of erythromycin
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain erythromycin. It may not be specific to Sans-Acne. Please read with care.
Before applying this medicine, thoroughly wash the affected area with warm water and soap, rinse well, and pat dry. After washing or shaving, it is best to wait 30 minutes before applying the pledget (swab), topical gel, or topical liquid form. The alcohol in them may irritate freshly washed or shaved skin.
For patients using the pledget (swab), topical gel, or topical liquid form of erythromycin:These forms contain alcohol and are flammable. Do not use near heat, near open flame, or while smoking. It is important that you do not use this medicine more often than your doctor ordered. It may cause your skin to become too dry or irritated. Also, you should avoid washing the acne-affected areas too often. This may dry your skin and make your acne worse. Washing with a mild, bland soap 2 or 3 times a day should be enough, unless you have oily skin. If you have any questions about this, check with your doctor. To use: The topical liquid form of this medicine may come in a bottle with an applicator tip, which may be used to apply the medicine directly to the skin. Use the applicator with a dabbing motion instead of a rolling motion (not like a roll-on deodorant, for example). If the medicine does not come in an applicator bottle, you may moisten a pad with the medicine and then rub the pad over the whole affected area. Or you may also apply this medicine with your fingertips. Be sure to wash the medicine off your hands afterward. Apply a thin film of medicine, using enough to cover the affected area lightly. You should apply the medicine to the whole area usually affected by acne, not just to the pimples themselves. This will help keep new pimples from breaking out. The pledget (swab) form should be rubbed over the whole affected area. You may use extra pledgets (swabs), if needed, to cover larger areas. Since these medicines contain alcohol, they may sting or burn. Therefore, do not get these medicines in the eyes, nose, mouth, or on other mucous membranes. Spread the medicine away from these areas when applying. If these medicines do get in the eyes, wash them out immediately, but carefully, with large amounts of cool tap water. If your eyes still burn or are painful, check with your doctor.
This medicine will not cure your acne. However, to help keep your acne under control, keep using this medicine for the full time of treatment, even if your symptoms begin to clear up after a few days. You may have to continue using this medicine every day for months or even longer in some cases. If you stop using this medicine too soon, your symptoms may return. It is important that you do not miss any doses.Dosing
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.For acne: For gel dosage form: Adults—Apply to the affected area(s) of the skin two times a day, morning and evening. Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor. For ointment dosage form: Adults, teenagers, and children—Apply to the affected area(s) of the skin two times a day, morning and evening. For pledgets dosage form: Adults, teenagers, and children—Apply to the affected area(s) of the skin two times a day. For topical solution dosage form: Adults, teenagers, and children 12 years of age and over—Apply to the affected area(s) of the skin two times a day, morning and evening. Children up to 12 years of age—Dose must be determined by your doctor. Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.Precautions While Using Sans-Acne
If your acne does not improve within 3 to 4 weeks, or if it becomes worse, check with your health care professional. However, treatment of acne may take up to 8 to 12 weeks before you see full improvement.
For patients using the pledget (swab), topical gel, or topical liquid form of erythromycin:If your doctor has ordered another medicine to be applied to the skin along with this medicine, it is best to wait at least 1 hour before you apply the second medicine. This may help keep your skin from becoming too irritated. Also, if the medicines are used too close together, they may not work properly. After application of this medicine to the skin, mild stinging or burning may be expected and may last up to a few minutes or more. This medicine may also cause the skin to become unusually dry, even with normal use. If this occurs, check with your doctor. You may continue to use cosmetics (make-up) while you are using this medicine for acne. However, it is best to use only ``water-base'' cosmetics. Also, it is best not to use cosmetics too heavily or too often. They may make your acne worse. If you have any questions about this, check with your doctor. Sans-Acne Side Effects
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:For erythromycin ointmentLess common Peeling redness For erythromycin pledget (swab), topical gel, or topical liquid form More common Dry or scaly skin irritation itching stinging or burning feeling Less common Peeling redness
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.
The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.More Sans-Acne Topical resources Sans-Acne Topical Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding Sans-Acne Topical Support Group 1 Review for Sans-Acne Topical - Add your own review/rating Compare Sans-Acne Topical with other medications Acne Perioral Dermatitis
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This original caricature of JACKIE CHAN has been created in 2005 by Joan Vizcarra. This Vizcarra's original has been realized in pencil and then colored in Gouache in A3 paper format.
Joan Vizcarra is a Spanish artist, considered to be one of the best and most recognized cartoonists around the world. With more than 10.000 original artworks produced throughout his career, Vizcarra's ability and talent to create artworks, place him among the most influential caricature artists worldwide. As an artist, he has been awarded and rewarded on several occasions and his artwork has been acquired by national and international celebrities around the world to join their private collections.
This unique piece is hand-signed by Vizcarra and includes the Certificate of Authenticity of Corner4art.
Joan Vizcarra – Jackie Chan I – Painting – Original Art
Joan Vizcarra
Artist: Joan Vizcarra
Size: 42 x 30 cm
Ready to frame
Mint Condition
Hand-signed by artist
Certificate of Authenticity
This original caricature of JACKIE CHAN has been created in 2005 by Joan Vizcarra.
Acrylic on Paper
1 in stock


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After waiting years for it to become reality, there is now an honest to god universal pillow remote. Screw a Harmony, I'll take the most comfortable and most impossible to lose remote there is. It's only 30 bucks at Brookstone too.
Just look how awesome using it will be. Resting your head and changing the channel with the same gadget? Brilliant. [Brookstone via The Awesomer]


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Dr. Daniel Suter, Model Teacher
Smart and Humble, Rigorous and Loving
Such was the message that emerged, comment after comment, page after page, when Dr. Daniel Suter's daughter, Janice Showalter, assembled the notes she received from his former students after her father's death on December 24, 2006.
"As a member of the last class to have him as an advisor, I feel blessed and thankful," wrote R. Todd Weaver '87, a dentist who is president of the Mennonite Medical Association.
"Dan was the father figure who believed in me, next to my own father, of course. He was so supportive and respectful, unlike the professors I was to meet in professional school. He taught us to be respectful of ourselves and others…how to take initiative, responsibility, and how to problem-solve.
'He taught us about the wonders and the mystery of God'
"He gave us feedback and taught us how to be creative," continued Weaver. "But, above all, he taught us about the wonders and the mystery of God. He was the first scientist who demonstrated to me/us not only how to act as a scientist, but believe as a Christian."
Suter joined the science department at EMU in 1948 and eventually became head of the biology department and pre-med advisor. He retired in 1985.
During his tenure, EMU established a remarkable acceptance rate for its pre-med students: more than 85 percent were and are admitted into medical, dental and veterinary schools, well above the national average of 40 to 50 percent.
"At many medical colleges, Dr. Suter's word of recommendation was considered enough for admission," says Stan Godshall '65, a family practitioner who earned his medical degree at the University of Pennsylvania. Suter provided recommendations for about 300 students during his 36 years of teaching.
"Dr. Suter quietly launched us all," says Kenton J. Zehr '83, cardiac surgeon at, successively, the Mayo Clinic and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
'The kind of Christian I'd like to be…"
Wrote Joyce Hostetler, a former administrator at the Mennonite Medical Association: "He was, in the very best sense, the kind of Christian I'd like to be…gentle, honest, clear, compassionate, and alive."
Dr. Suter teaching anatomy…Janelle Aby '86, a Stanford University pediatrician, was among the last to be taught by Suter. In an anatomy class where a cadaver was to be dissected, "Dr. Suter made sure we remembered this was a person who had dignity, family, and friends – he insisted that we treat the cadaver with the utmost respect,"she said.
"As I later entered medical school and compared notes with many others, many of whom came from very elite colleges, I realized how rare an opportunity we had been given, and how important Dr. Suter's preamble was in setting the appropriate attitude in medical work," added Aby. "What a difference it makes to see patients as amazing creations of a loving God!"
Aby also credited Suter and his fellow faculty members with establishing a reputation whereby "my EMUdegree laid out something of a red carpet for me on the interview trail."
EMU Education Gives Graduates Distinct Advantages
"People seemed to recognize that this small college with its unique opportunities gave its graduates some distinct advantages, producing future physicians who were conscientious, well-rounded, and prepared for further education,"said Aby (pictured on page 4), a clinical assistant professor of pediatrics at Stanford.
Suter was the son of Eastern Mennonite's first registrar, J. Early Suter. His father advocated that Eastern Mennonite not limit itself to being a Bible school, but also offer academic courses like English, algebra and Latin. This proposal was accepted when he and A.G Heishman agreed to teach these courses on the condition that their pay come out of any money remaining after the Bible teachers were paid.
So Suter grew up in the shadow of this school and graduated from it when it was a junior college. He earned his bachelors degree at Bridgewater College. Years later, as a "mature" student with a family to support, he earned a masters degree at Vanderbilt University and a PhD in neuroanatomy at the Medical College of Virginia. (At MCV he found himself in classes with two former students of his – Ron David '60 and Duane Diller '60 – whom he laughingly said he "struggled to stay ahead of.")
In a campus chapel on the eve of his retirement in 1985, Suter credited his wife Grace for "supporting the family (eventually four children) by taking care of a small laying hen flock, milking the family cow, and laundering shirts for EMC fellows" while he was away in graduate school.
An Important Choice
Toward the end of his doctoral studies, Suter was offered a post at MCV. The offer was tempting: "time for research, a teaching load that small-college teachers dream about, teaching entirely in my area of interest, a unique opportunity to be a Christian witness in a non-Christian situation, and a salary nearly triple what I would get here."
But he felt "God wanted me to be at EMC, "despite the frustrations of lack of educational resources, miniscule salaries that forced him to moonlight, and views sometimes expressed in the students' Weather Vane that made him think, "I may as well be teaching in a non-Christian school."
The First of Hundreds of Students
As a freshly minted teacher in the late 1940s, Suter said he "practiced" on his early students, naming six of them in his chapel talk. All became physicians, the first to emerge from Eastern Mennonite. The first six students today:
- In a part-time, post-retirement position, Paul T. Yoder is editor of the Milepost section of the Crossroads Magazine
- Ruth Peachey is a retired psychiatrist in Florence, Alabama
- John Paul Heatwole is a retired anesthesiologist in Waynesboro, VA
- David Kauffman Sr. is a retired family physician in Whitefish, Montana
- Abe Hostetter is a consulting psychiatrist in Charlottesville, VA
- James R. Brunk Sr. is a retired internist in Harrisonburg
As chair of the Nursing Education Committee in 1966, Suter helped plan and set up Eastern Mennonite's nursing program . In the same era, he helped plan the science center that came to carry his name."The trustees gave the planning of the building and its furnishings almost entirely into the hands of the science faculty and its architects, "Suter said in his 1985 chapel, recalling that he moved the lab equipment from the basement of the old administration building to the new building in his GMC pick-up truck.
A Career that Spanned Generations
The satisfaction of seeing hundreds of students – often successive generations from the same family – ultimately" make a contribution to the spiritual and physical well-being of those they serve "trumped any misgivings and hardships Suter had along the way. "Very rarely did I have any doubt that here is where God wanted me to be."
From the summer 2008 issue of Crossroads alumni magazine, which focuses on EMU's science alumni, serving and leading the world over.


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BMW Individual Frozen Marina Bay Blue paint finish shown
You can try a new search, or visit the location below.
BMW Individual Frozen Marina Bay Blue paint finish shown
Leasing at
$/month36 months; $ due at signing Included in payment: $ credit
Financing at
% APRUp to credit
Display Option: standaloneLeaseFinance
Vehicle Data Type: modelCode
Model Code: 23SO
01 Drive
Engine, transmission, and aerodynamic features.
Ensuring a smooth, safe, comfortable drive.
02 Appearance
Paint, accents, and lights.
Upholstery and trim.
03 Technology
Wireless features, remote services, and intuitive technology.
Systems, speakers and more.
Advanced features for a smarter drive.
Comfort and Convenience Luxury features for a pleasant ride.
04 Protection
Protecting you and your vehicle, on the road and off.
Complete coverage and peace of mind.
1-Driving over rough or damaged road surfaces, as well as debris, curbs and other obstacles, can cause serious damage to wheels, tires and suspension parts. This is more likely to occur with low-profile tires, which provide less cushioning between the wheel and the road. Be careful to avoid road hazards and reduce your speed, especially if your vehicle is equipped with low-profile tires. Performance tires are not recommended for driving in ice and snow conditions.
2-Cruise control is not a substitute for the driver's own responsibility in adjusting speed and otherwise controlling the vehicle. After evaluating the road, traffic and visibility conditions, the driver must decide whether and how the system is used.
3-Active Driving Assistant is not a substitute for the driver's own responsibility in maintaining safe control of the vehicle. Lane Departure Warning requires clearly definable lane markings that are not obscured by rain, snow, etc.


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Russ Roberts wonders about the meaning of "pent up" demand:
The usual way that Keynesians explain the post-[World War II] expansion despite the huge cut in government spending is to say, well of course the economy boomed, there was a lot of pent-up demand. What does that mean? There is always pent-up demand in the sense there is a stuff I wish I could have but can't. But the standard story is that people couldn't buy washing machines or cars during the war–they were rationed or simply unavailable or unaffordable. So when the war ended, and rationing and price controls ended, people were eager to buy these things. But the reason these consumer goods were rationed or unavailable is because all the steel went into the tanks and planes during the war. So when the war ended, there was steel available to the private sector. That's why cutting government activity can stimulate the private sector. Fewer resources are being commandeered by the public sector.
Roberts refers to an earlier post of his, in which he rightly ridicules Keynesians for believing in the magical multiplier:
One of the most mindless aspects of the multiplier is to treat is as a constant, such as 1.52. It can't be a constant, not in any meaningful way. If the government conscripted half of the US population to dig holes all day and conscripted the other half to fill them back in, and paid each of us a billion dollars a day for the task, and valued holes that were dug and holes that were filled in at a trillion dollars a hole, then GDP would be very very large, unemployment would be zero and there would be no stimulating effect and we would soon be dead from starvation.
I share Roberts's disdain for the multiplier. (See this and this.)
Nevertheless, the availability of resources for private use after the war ended is only half the story. Consumers and businesses had to demand things — not just want them, but demand them with money in hand. That is where pent-up demand comes into play, as I explain here:
Conventional wisdom has it that the entry of the United States into World War II caused the end of the Great Depression in this country. My variant is that World War II led to a "glut" of private saving because (1) government spending caused full employment, but (2) workers and businesses were forced to save much of their income because the massive shift of output toward the war effort forestalled spending on private consumption and investment goods. The resulting cash "glut" fueled post-war consumption and investment spending.
Robert Higgs, research director of the Independent Institute, has a different theory, which he spells out in "Regime Uncertainty: Why the Great Depression Lasted So Long and Why Prosperity Resumed After the War" (available here), the first chapter his new book, Depression, War, and Cold War. (Thanks to Don Boudreaux of Cafe Hayek for the pointer.) Here, from "Regime Change . . . " is Higgs's summary of his thesis:
I shall argue here that the economy remained in the depression as late as 1940 because private investment had never recovered sufficiently after its collapse during the Great Contraction. During the war, private investment fell to much lower levels, and the federal government itself became the chief investor, directing investment into building up the nation's capacity to produce munitions. After the war ended, private investment, for the first time since the 1920s, rose to and remained at levels sufficient to create a prosperous and normally growing economy.
I shall argue further that the insufficiency of private investment from 1935 through 1940 reflected a pervasive uncertainty among investors about the security of their property rights in their capital and its prospective returns. This uncertainty arose, especially though not exclusively, from the character of federal government actions and the nature of the Roosevelt administration during the so-called Second New Deal from 1935 to 1940. Starting in 1940 the makeup of FDR's administration changed substantially as probusiness men began to replace dedicated New Dealers in many positions, including most of the offices of high authority in the war-command economy. Congressional changes in the elections from 1938 onward reinforced the movement away from the New Deal, strengthening the so-called Conservative Coalition.
From 1941 through 1945, however, the less hostile character of the administration expressed itself in decisions about how to manage the warcommand economy; therefore, with private investment replaced by direct government investment, the diminished fears of investors could not give rise to a revival of private investment spending. In 1945 the death of Roosevelt and the succession of Harry S Truman and his administration completed the shift from a political regime investors perceived as full of uncertainty to one in which they felt much more confident about the security of their private property rights. Sufficiently sanguine for the first time since 1929, and finally freed from government restraints on private investment for civilian purposes, investors set in motion the postwar investment boom that powered the economy's return to sustained prosperity notwithstanding the drastic reduction of federal government spending from its extraordinarily elevated wartime levels.
Higgs's explanation isn't inconsistent with mine, but it's incomplete. Higgs overlooks the powerful influence of the large cash balances that individuals and corporations had accumulated during the war years. It's true that because the war was a massive resource "sink" those cash balances didn't represent real assets. But the cash was there, nevertheless, waiting to be spent on consumption goods and to be made available for capital investments through purchases of equities and debt.
It helped that the war dampened FDR's hostility to business, and that FDR's death ushered in a somewhat less radical regime. Those developments certainly fostered capital investment. But the capital investment couldn't have taken place (or not nearly as much of it) without the "glut" of private saving during World War II. The relative size of that "glut" can be seen here:
Derived from Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts Tables: 5.1, Saving and Investment. Gross private saving is analagous to cash flow; net private saving is analagous to cash flow less an allowance for depreciation. The bulge in gross private saving represents pent-up demand for consumption and investment spending, which was released after the war.
World War II did bring about the end of the Great Depression, not directly by full employment during the war but because that full employment created a "glut" of saving. After the war that "glut" jump-started
- capital spending by businesses, which — because of FDR's demise — invested more than they otherwise would have; and
- private consumption spending, which — because of the privations of the Great Depression and the war years — would have risen sharply regardless of the political climate.
The post continues with an exchange between Higgs and me. The bottom line is the same.
What is the answer to the title question, then? It is that a period of forced, nominal saving can create pent-up demand, which can result in the employment of resources that had theretofore been unavailable. The pent-up demand at the end of World War II was, in great measure, responsible for the post-war recovery.
This rare phenomenon has nothing to do with the multiplier, and probably has nothing to do with the current economic situation. Government has commandeered a large chunk of the American economy, but so gradually that Americans have not acquire a "glut" of nominal savings, as they did in World War II.


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Situated in a what has become a trendy neighbourhood marked by its Art Deco inspired low-rise public residential blocks, is the The Glenlivet Bar at Tiong Bahru Bar (TBB), a newly opened bar isn't just decorated in the signature colours of The Glenlivet, 'the single malt that started it all', but also where the full range to The Glenlivet can be savoured. The Glenlivet range, which starts with the floral and fruity 12 Year Old and the rich and nutty 15 Year Old, also includes the fragrant and velvety 18 Year Old, the fruity and nutty 21 Year Old and the intense, fruity and spicy, creamy 25 Year Old.
The TBB, co-owned by Chris Chong and Kaz Sajimin, was launched last week (on 7 March) at which guests got to have a first hand experience of the ambience that the expansive interior of the bar, located in premises previously occupied by a Chinese restaurant at Seng Poh Road, with its signature island bar has to offer, together with a generous flow of the biggest selling single malt in the US.
About The Glenlivet
The Glenlivet is the biggest selling single malt in the US. Known as 'the single malt that started it all' – The Glenlivet was the first licensed distillery in the parish of Glenlivet, established in 1824 and, in turn, defined the Speyside style of whisky which became the heartland of Scotch malt whisky production. The Glenlivet was the very first malt to be promoted in the US, as soon as Prohibition was lifted. A pioneering spirit, inspired by The Glenlivet founder, George Smith, runs through the history of The Glenlivet and is just as prevalent today – epitomised by the introduction of the unique French Oak Reserve, the award-winning The Glenlivet 18 Year Old and The Glenlivet 21 Year Old Archive and The Glenlivet Cellar Collection. For more information visit www.theglenlivet.com


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Activation for version 6.0 is straight-forward - we send you a "serial number for life" at time of purchase that can be used any time you re-install Ability or re-install or upgrade your operating system.
There are 4 requirements to get Ability activated:
1. The activation key you have purchased must match the product (either Ability Office or Ability Office Professional) you have installed.
2. The key must be entered exactly. Try copy and paste from the confirmation of purchase email.
3. When prompted, enter a name/email - you must set it to be exactly as specified in the confirmation of purchase email. No variation is allowed. Typically, we set name to your email address at time of purchase.
4. The PC must be connected to the internet. For none-connected PCs a different activation method is required. If you have already activated another PC with your serial number, please follow the instructions in Knowledge Base Article 152: Lost activation key, serial number, registration details - re-installation and the required details will be emailed to you. Otherwise, please contact support.


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925 Sterling Silver Moissanite Adjustable Ring
- Regular
- $59.99
- Sale
- $59.99
- Regular
- Unit Price
- per
- Each moissanite jewelry above 0.3 carat is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity and a Limited Warranty Card with Gemological Research Association (GRA).
- Picture style: Ghost mannequin
- Features: Moissanite
- Material: 925 sterling silver, moissanite
- Care: Avoid wearing during exercise, as sweat will react with the jewelry to produce silver chloride and copper sulfide.
- Imported
- Product measurements:
4: Diameter: 0.6 in (1.51 cm)
5: Diameter: 0.6 in (1.62 cm)
6: Diameter: 0.7 in (1.68 cm)
7: Diameter: 0.7 in (1.75 cm)
8: Diameter: 0.7 in (1.84 cm)
9: Diameter: 0.7 in (1.9 cm)
Moissanite: 1 carat
Eligible items must have a return request submitted within 10 days from receipt of delivery on tracking information. Items that fall outside the window are not eligible for return but are welcome to be posted in our BST group found by searching Risen Boutique BST on Facebook.
Returns will be given via store credit ONLY; you can add Seel at checkout to get a full refund via original payment method. We do not include initial shipping charges in the credit. The exact cost of the return label provided will be withheld from your return credit. We do not exchange items, but you are welcome to repurchase with your credit in another size.
Store credit is ONLY redeemable on website. Insiders Facebook group orders CANNOT use store credit.
Store credit expires in 60 days.
Approved returns must be postmarked within 5 business days from day label is emailed to you. If you fail to ship your item out in the allotted time frame, you forfeit your return approval.
Any defective merchandise must be reported following the same timeline for returns laid out above via the return portal. Please make sure you attach a picture of the damage.
Items NOT eligible for return include:
any item in the sale tabpreorder items (graphic tees, tumblers, items listed preorder)deal/sale items listed in the Insiders grouppersonalized itemsitems discounted over 20% off with discount codes/BOGO itemsmystery box /bag itemsspecial order items (items you requested me to find for you)intimate items such as swimsuits, bralettes, etc.Items bought with store creditFree gifts, including giveaway itemsFlash Sale itemsRise Beauty items including but not limited to beauty, hair, supplement products
Eligible return items must:
Have original tags attached/be in original packagingBe free of animal hairBe unworn/unwashedBe free from stains including but not limited to makeup and deodorantBe free from odor including but not limited to cigarette smoke and perfumeBe free of rips, tears, and snags
If you ship back an item(s) not eligible for return you will be responsible for payment to ship the item(s) back to you. If payment is not received within 3 days your item(s) will be recycled or donated.
If you would like the option to have a full refund on items not included above/refund to your original form of payment, please add Seel at checkout.


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"These young people with new ideas starting out—sometimes for the first time—are my favorite people in the world," Steve Wozniak tells Wired.co.uk. "It reminds me of when we started Apple."
Since doing so in the 1970s with Steve Jobs, Wozniak has turned much of his attention, time, and money to education and new businesses. Presently serving as chief scientist at flash storage company Fusion-io, he also readily invests in new technologies and applications. "The best things that capture your imagination are ones you hadn't thought of before, and that aren't talked about in the news all the time," says Wozniak.
High on the list of ideal candidates are apps that take a smarter approach to the use of human speech, ones "where you talk to it like a normal person, the way you would talk to a human being."
"I want to be able to speak with errors in my wording, errors in my grammar," he continues. "When you type things into Google search, it corrects your words. With speech, I want it to be general enough, smart enough, to know 'no, he couldn't have meant these words that I think he said. He must have really meant something similar.' That's going to take a lot of software, a lot of artificial intelligence work over the next five to 10 years."
Another technology being predicted to develop over that period is the smart watch. One research group has suggested shipments of smart watches in 2014 could hit 8.9 million globally, hitting 214 million units by 2018. But Wozniak has already identified that the current models are too restrictive.
"I want the entire smartphone, the entire Internet, on my wrist," he says. "I want a larger display than they're starting with. They're starting with [...] displays that are the size of the iPod nano, which is the size of an ordinary watch of the past. I think we've got to get a little beyond this watch of the past.
"I hope [a future smart watch is] independent, works on its own, and is not connected with Bluetooth to the smartphone in your pocket," he adds. "But that doesn't mean it would be bad if it were that way."
Another notable product that will no doubt see considerable development over the next five years is Google Glass, and Wozniak's view on the system is pretty cut and dry. "I think that has a chance too, and the reason is: I want one. I don't have one because I haven't enough time to be an early tester.
"I think that's where our biggest innovations come from. It's people looking back at themselves and saying, 'Here's something that I really want that doesn't exist. I'm going to make it, maybe just for myself and my company.'"
With a pair of new iPhones just launched from Apple, it's difficult not to ask Wozniak his view on the new models. "I haven't seen [the 5C] too much because it wasn't very attractive to me," he explains. "You know what, a lot of Apple products, you've got to hold it in your hand and you get a whole different view of it. I've only just seen pictures online. So I'm not a good judge, but nothing grabbed my attention like a lot of Apple products.
"I'm usually interested in the more high-end anyway, and I love the looks [of] the iPhone 4 and the 5; I just love the looks and the beauty of the product. So the 5S is more like that. All it means is, 'Oh gosh, now I've got to get three new phones to get the three 5S colors.'
"So I'm not turned on by the 5C, but hey, maybe that's where a huge market is and I'm just not the person."
Steve Wozniak will be appearing at Apps World on October 23, speaking on stage with Wired.co.uk's editor Nate Lanxon. It's free to attend. To find out more and to book to attend, consult the Apps World website.
This story originally appeared on Wired UK.


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FAQ How do I distribute my Eclipse offering?
That depends. If you just got started and are still testing your plug-ins or if you have few internal customers, you may be happy with simply building a plug-in and providing your users with a Zip file. Once you get more professional and have access to a Web site where people can access your plug-ins, an update site is recommended. To be in full control of how and where your offering is installed, you could use a more traditional form of product installation through a custom installer program.
See Also:
This FAQ was originally published in Official Eclipse 3.0 FAQs. Copyright 2004, Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. This text is made available here under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0.


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Activities Past, Present & Upcoming
Following are a number of miscellaneous events that have either just taken place or are about to, in various locations.
Film still from "Eye Reels", 1980
My work was recently curated by Duo Strangloscope (Cláudia Cardenas & Rafael Schlichting) into Super-8 film festivals in Curitiba, Brazil and Valparaiso, Chile, 2017.
The spring issue (#3) of Found Footage Magazine, a printed film journal published in Spain (In both English & Spanish; César Ustarroz, Editor-in-Chief) reproduced a film still from "Eye Reels", 1980.
Light Movement presented "The Outskirts of a Dreamed Map" — a James Edmonds / Petra Graf curated program, in Athens, Greece on May 26, 2017. My film "Drawings on Africa", 1981, was included. For a full program of the show; click here.
Mike Gubbins, of Nashville, re-edited, added original music, moments of color and digital tiling to my b&w "The Function of Film", 1982. It can be seen here on YouTube.
"36 Love Letters to Super-8" is being published as a bi-lingual zine-book in conjunction with the 8th Annual Film Festival in A Coruña, Spain, May 31 - June 4, 2017. I'm proud to have been invited to write one of those letters.
On June 3, 2017, the Oslo, Norway MUSIKKFEST will feature the work of composer/ musician Simon Gore. Among his compositions is the sound version of "White Film", 1978, which will be screened that night.
Film still from "Drawings on Africa", 1981


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Haiti was under the commandment of National Council of Government in 1986 under Jean Claude Duvalier. The country went through a series of political instability moving from one military Government to other from 1986 to 1991. The country experienced 4 military
coup. In 1991 military government was replaced by a young priest Jean Bertrand Aristide who took over as President after election in November, 1990, he was overthrown after 7 months in Sept, 1991 by General Cadres. The Priest Jean Bertrand Aristide took asylum
in USA with U.S troops who prepared to enter Haiti under orders from President Bill Clinton of USA. The Wind was favourable for the return of Aristide to power by holding elections in Haiti in Oct 1994.
A contingent of 120 male personnel selected from CRPF and RAF Units was formed up, trained and equipped for duties at 103 RAF in Delhi and they were sent to Haiti on 31 March'94. This contingent, then called as Company, worked in Haiti for various duties
during elections as a part of US Army contingent forming 504 Military Police Battalion (Dragon Fighters) under UN Mission in HAITI (UNMIH).
Shri R.S.H.S Sahota then Commandant, was the Contingent Commander. In recognition of the continent's excellent performance in Haiti, the contingent was awarded on U.S. Army Commendation Medal, 5 US Army Achievement Medals, 80 appreciation coins and UN Medal
to all 120 personnel. After successful completion of the assigned task, this contingent was de-inducted from Haiti during November 1995.
© Content Owned by Central Reserve Police Force, Government of India.


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Young Living
Also known as plant medicine, essential oils have also been used for thousands of years for cosmetic purposes, health support, as well as for their spiritually and emotionally uplifting properties.
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text:
Enner Valencia continued his scoring tear on Friday, bagging a brace to help Ecuador rebound in Group E play with a 2-1 defeat of Honduras at the Arena da Baixada.
Ecuador suffered a last-gasp defeat to Switzerland last time out, and things appeared to be heading further south when Carlo Costly opened the scoring for Los Catrachos in the 31st minute of Friday's affair.
But Valencia put the team on his shoulders, scoring two more goals in the tournament to keep the South American nation in the hunt for a berth in the knockout round.
France, which smashed Switzerland in a 5-2 victory earlier on Friday, leads the group with six points. Switzerland and Ecuador are level on three points apiece while Honduras bottoms the group with zero points.
Honduras started brightly on Friday and took the lead at the half-hour mark when Costly collected a long ball that was misjudged by the Ecuadorian defense and lashed a half-volley past Alexander Dominguez at the near post.
The goal, which snapped a 510-minute goalless drought for Honduras, was the nation's first in World Cup play since 1982.
The lead, however, was short-lived as Ecuador responded within three minutes. A ball thrown into the mixer somehow managed to squirt to the back post, and while Valencia and Honduras goalkeeper Noel Valladares knew little of the delivery, the Ecuadorian striker was first to react, turning in the shot from close range.
Ecuador completed the comeback in the 65th minute, and it was Valencia again doing the honors.
The goal came in the same manner of the opener against Switzerland as the Pachuca striker got on the end of Walter Ayovi's cross and nodded the delivery into the back of the net, making Valencia the first Ecuadorian player to score two goals in a World Cup game.
It proved to be enough for La Tri as Reinaldo Rueda's men collected the vital victory, leaving them with all to do in their Group E finale against France on Wednesday.
Honduras, meanwhile, will look to regroup ahead of its final group match against Switzerland at the Arena Amazonia, also on Wednesday.


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Image: NASA/MIT/F. BAGANOFF et al.
A giant x-ray flare from the heart of our galaxyrecorded by the Chandra X-ray Observatory last yearhas brought astronomers closer than ever to a black hole that most believe lurks there. "This discovery takes us to the extreme," says Fulvio Melia, an x-ray astronomer at the University of Arizona. The brilliant burst came from only light-minutes away from the black hole's surface, Melia and others claim. Although researchers are still speculating about the cause of the flare, they have already used it to test several theories about the black hole and to put new limits on its size.
Since the late 1970s, astronomers have kept watch on an object at the Milky Way's core known as Sagittarius A-star. When viewed through a radio telescope, Sagittarius A-star appears so bright that many believe only a black hole's gravity could fuel it. Black holes are massive stellar objects whose gravitational fields cause the space and time around them to fold in upon itselfcreating a so-called singularity from which nothing, not even light, can escape. Researchers believe that Sagittarius A-star is a black hole surrounded by a whirling disc of gas. Gravity accelerates the nuclei and electrons in the gas atoms, causing them to radiate different kinds of light. Most of that light scatters into the interstellar dust that lies between us and the Milky Way's core, but radio waves and x-rays can penetrate the shroud of dust to reach the earth.
Only radio waves can break through our dense atmosphere, so it wasn't until the launch of NASA's state-of-the-art Chandra X-ray Observatory two years ago that scientists were able to get a look at the x-rays coming from Sagittarius A-star. At first, Sagittarius A-star appeared much fainter than expected, and astrophysicists concluded that there must be less material around the black hole than they previously thought. Their revised calculations predicted that large flares would periodically erupt from the black hole as chunks of matter fell into it. But no one saw such a flare until last year, when Chandra witnessed a burst of x-ray light streaming from the galactic center. The flare was 50 times as bright as the sun and lasted for about three hours. When it was over, researchers were convinced that they had witnessed a spectacular event from the Milky Way's black hole.
Researchers have since used information about the flare to put new constraints on the size of the black hole and the material surrounding it. For 10 minutes during the three-hour event, the flare momentarily dimmed. That flicker was all that astronomers needed to determine the flare's size. Because different regions of the flare can react to each other only at the speed of light, if the entire flare dimmed over a period of 10 minutes then the flare could not be more than 10 light- minutes wide.
Image: NRAO/NRL/N.E. KASSIM et al.
Ten light-minutes corresponds to a distance of 100 million miles, roughly the distance from the earth to the sun, so researchers determined the flare was no larger than the earth's orbit. That made it about 20 times larger than the predicted size of the black hole, but researchers believe that it could be even smaller. Near the surface of a black hole, time slows to a stop, explains Penn State University's Gordon Garmire, a member of the team that discovered the flare. As a result, the apparent 10-minute interval researchers used to determine the flare's size could actually have been shorter. Regardless of the precise time, the gas creating the flare was closer to the black hole's surface than any other object ever observed.
Prior to this discovery, researchers could not rule out other explanations for the 2.7-million-solar-mass gravitational field at our galactic center. For example, a cluster of dead neutron stars or a massive ball of neutrinos could cause the pull at the galactic core. But the small area of the flare put these and other theories to rest, leaving a black hole as the only possibility. "At this time, we don't have another physical explanation," says Frederick Baganoff of the Massachussetts Institute of Technology, the head of the research team.
Although the flare provided crucial information about the Milky Way's black hole, scientists are still unsure what caused it. One possibility is that the giant magnetic fields thought to exist around the surface of the hole sparked the flare. Like the fields around our sun, these black hole's magnetic fields can periodically "reconnect," a process that could catapult material from near its surface. Another theory is that a comet-size object falling into the black hole sparked the x-ray storm. If that were true, it would be "extremely exciting," according to Baganoff. "It's as if the material there sent us a postcard just before it fell in," he says.
Sometime in the near future, astronomers hope to observe a second flarethis time while both Chandra and radio telescopes are watching. The combined radio wave and x-ray information could help them to more precisely determine the location of the flare and would further corroborate the black hole theory. But ultimately, astronomers will be unable to prove that a black hole lurks at our galactic center until they have actually seen its surface, or event-horizon. "That, to me, would be definitive proof," Baganoff says. And it will take at least another 10 years before a new generation of observatories allows that to happen.


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Home > School Seating > Wooden Classroom Chairs
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Solid beech chairs designed for the demands of the classroom and supplied fully assembled.
Available in a range of seat heights, please see Further Info tab for size guide.
Modern and appealing designed to meet BS1729 where applicable.
Note.Not all products are available in every size, some sizes vary.Based on European Standard EN1729. Sizes are recommendations only.
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