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In private, President Trump spent much of the past week brooding, as he often does. He has been anxious about the Russia investigation's widening fallout, with his former campaign chairman standing trial. And he has fretted that he is failing to accrue enough political credit for what he claims as triumphs.
At rare moments of introspection for the famously self-centered president, Trump has also expressed to confidants lingering unease about how some in his orbit — including his eldest son, Donald Trump Jr. — are ensnared in the Russia probe, in his assessment simply because of their connection to him.
Yet in public, Trump is a man roaring. The president, more than ever, is channeling his internal frustration and fear into a ravenous maw of grievance and invective. He is churning out false statements with greater frequency and attacking his perceived enemies with intensifying fury. A fresh broadside came on Twitter at 11:37 p.m. Friday, mocking basketball superstar LeBron James and calling CNN's Don Lemon "the dumbest man on television."
This is the new, uneasy reality for Trump at an especially precarious moment of his presidency, with the Republican Party struggling to keep control of Congress, where a Democratic takeover brings with it the specter of impeachment, and special counsel Robert S. Mueller III's grip seeming to tighten on the president and his circle.
Trump, who has decamped to his New Jersey golf estate for an 11-day working vacation, is at a critical juncture in the Russia investigation as he decides in coming days whether to sit for an interview with Mueller or defy investigators and risk being issued a subpoena.
"He's more definitive than ever: This investigation should end now, and Mueller should put out what he has," said Rudolph W. Giuliani, Trump's personal attorney. "He doesn't think they have anything, and he wants the country to move on."
This portrait of Trump behind the scenes is based on interviews with 14 administration officials, presidential friends and outside advisers to the White House, many of whom spoke only on the condition of anonymity to share candid assessments.
Trump appeared to stand in conflict with his own government when he blasted the "Russian hoax" just hours after his national security team gathered at the White House on Thursday in a rare show of force to warn that Russia is yet again trying to interfere in U.S. elections. But a White House spokesman said Trump instructed them to hold the news conference and was adamant that they explain what the administration is doing to safeguard the midterm elections.
The frequency of the president's mistruths has picked up, as well. The Washington Post Fact Checker found last week that Trump has now made 4,229 false or misleading claims so far in his presidency — an average of nearly 7.6 such claims per day, and an increase of 978 in just two months.
The campaign trail — where Trump held three mega-rallies in five days — has allowed him something of a respite, a chance for the reality-TV-star-turned-president to repackage his anger as something more campy, delivered with a showman's élan.
On Thursday night, the president turned a Pennsylvania rally to support Republican Senate candidate Lou Barletta into a Trumpian grieve-fest, returning repeatedly to his favorite foil — the "fake, fake, disgusting news," as he bellowed — to portray himself as a victim of chronically unfair coverage from "horrible, horrendous people."
"The president is rightfully frustrated," White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders told reporters Thursday, going on to argue that "90 percent of the coverage on him is negative."
Trump's indignation with the Mueller investigation has long been evident, but it is boiling over with growing ferocity. He has tweeted the phrase "witch hunt" a combined 46 times in June and July, up from 29 times in April and May, and more and more he is calling out Mueller by name.
Trump's lawyers say it is the president himself who is calling the shots in what is becoming an all-out public relations blitz to discredit Mueller.
"With his great feel for public opinion and how to deal with it, he has a sense about what would work, what to say," Giuliani said. "He sort of determines the public strategy, and we get his approval and input for the legal strategy."
Trump has told some associates that Giuliani has convinced him Mueller has nothing incriminating about him. "Rudy's told him the other player is bluffing with a pair of 2's," said one Trump adviser. And Trump has latched onto Giuliani's talking point that "collusion is not a crime," believing it is catchy and brilliantly simplistic, according to people with knowledge of internal talks.
Still, Trump has confided to friends and advisers that he is worried the Mueller probe could destroy the lives of what he calls "innocent and decent people" — namely Trump Jr., who is under scrutiny by Mueller for his role organizing a June 2016 meeting at Trump Tower with Russians promising dirt on Hillary Clinton. As one adviser described the president's thinking, he does not believe his son purposefully broke the law, but is fearful nonetheless that Trump Jr. inadvertently may have wandered into legal jeopardy.
In a tweet early Sunday, Trump called it "a complete fabrication" that he was worried about his eldest son. "This was a meeting to get information on an opponent, totally legal and done all the time in politics — and it went nowhere," the president wrote. "I did not know about it."
Trump also has seethed privately about the trial of Paul Manafort, his former campaign chairman. As coverage of the trial played on cable television in a blinking loop all around him this past week, he kept hearing another name on the shows: Trump.
The president privately fumed to one friend after another — on Air Force One, in the Oval Office and over the phone — that Manafort "has absolutely nothing to do with me," according to people close to him. Although Trump tells them he feels bad for Manafort, he also has been complimentary of Judge T.S. Ellis, who has asked sharp questions of Mueller's prosecutors.
"He is completely outraged by the way Manafort has been treated, with the solitary confinement and all of that," Giuliani said. "It's obvious to him that they're all but torturing Manafort in order to try to get him to flip."
As Trump sees it, Mueller is aggressively prosecuting Manafort — detailing his alleged tax evasion and bank fraud scheme and flashing snapshots of his extravagant wardrobe for the jury — to deliberately embarrass Trump and undermine his presidency. And, according to people familiar with the president's thinking, he believes the news media is complicit.
From his White House residence Wednesday morning, Trump tweeted that Manafort may be treated worse by the criminal justice system than Al "Scarface" Capone, whom he identified as "legendary mob boss, killer and 'Public Enemy Number One.' " He later called around to some advisers asking what they thought of the tweet, proud that he had come up with the Capone comparison.
Rep. Mark Meadows (R-N.C.), who has been discussing the case with Trump, said, "If after two years of investigating possible Russian collusion, the crown jewel is bringing charges against Paul Manafort, then one would have to ask, why did the FBI not embark on that effort without a special prosecutor?"
Trump on Wednesday took his complaint that his political appointees at the Justice Department were not protecting him and his family and associates from the investigation to a new level when he tweeted, apparently on a whim, that "Attorney General Jeff Sessions should stop this Rigged Witch Hunt right now." Trump's lawyers later explained that the president was voicing his opinion, not giving an order, lest the presidential tweet provide Mueller fresh evidence of obstruction of justice.
Trump's advisers said they never thought the president would actually move to stop the probe. "There is no desire here to have that whole sideshow," Giuliani said. But they knew Trump would not let what he considers the unfair prosecution of Manafort and media coverage pass without speaking publicly.
One prominent Trump ally in the evangelical community, Liberty University President Jerry Falwell Jr., seemed to channel the president's views when he later tweeted that Sessions was a "phony pretending to be pro-" Trump, a tweet that was circulated widely among Trump's friends and aides.
For nearly 80 minutes on stage in a packed Wilkes-Barre, Pa., arena, where supporters cheered his flourishes and cut him off at the mere mention of Clinton's name to chant "Lock her up," the president was able to relieve some of his pressure with a combination of riffing and shtick. It was an act that, finally, he controlled.
Susan Price, 72, drove through pelting rain to attend — and, when the skies cleared as she pulled up at the arena, she saw symbolism.
"We want Trump to do exactly what he's been doing and do more," Price said. "And give him the encouragement to overcome all of the various forces that are trying to take him down, whatever their motives are."
He is ramping up his travel schedule — a rigorous pace that he recently boasted would grow to six or seven days a week this fall — which will keep him in front of his adoring base. Midterm elections typically are referendums on the incumbent president, but by injecting himself so squarely at the center of this year's House and Senate contests, Trump is further personalizing the Nov. 6 elections.
"The president is the single best messenger for the Republican Party, and every time he is on the campaign trail helping other Republicans win, it is a reminder to the American people of what this administration has been able to accomplish in a very short period of time," said Corey Lewandowski, an unofficial Trump adviser who served as his first campaign manager.
Trump loves the frenzied, raucous energy of these events, and often leaves them buoyed, people close to him said. At times, when advisers have proposed a rally in several weeks, the president has agreed to do it — but suggested they hold it as soon as possible.
To the delight of aides, Trump also has become more disciplined on the campaign trail, keeping at least part of his focus on the candidate he is there to support, and often calling him or her onstage. Early on, Trump sometimes appeared at rallies where the local candidate seemed secondary — as in Alabama last year, where he famously delivered something of an anti-endorsement of then-Sen. Luther Strange, who looked on uncomfortably.
But advisers have impressed upon Trump the value of keeping his focus on the Republicans he is supporting, in part by showing him the positive headlines and articles in the local media that follow when he successfully stays on message.
There have been other signs of stability, too. After months of speculation that John F. Kelly would leave his job as White House chief of staff — fueled in part by Trump, who had been surveying associates about a replacement — Kelly announced Monday that he would be staying on through the president's 2020 reelection campaign.
But while Trump settles in with Kelly, he increasingly is seeking counsel from outside allies who are urging a more combative approach to the Russia probe. He has been in regular contact with Meadows and Fox News Channel host Sean Hannity, while Lewandowski and former deputy campaign manager David Bossie accompanied him on Air Force One to Tuesday's rally in Tampa, where Trump publicly praised them.
Trump made a surprise call into Rush Limbaugh's radio talk show Wednesday to congratulate the conservative icon on his 30th anniversary on the air. Trump mused aloud with Limbaugh about whether it would be more politically advantageous for him to shut down the government over border wall funding before or after the November elections.
"I've heard a lot of people saying, 'Oh, don't do it before the election. We'll upset the applecart,' " Trump said. But, he added, "I actually think it's a great campaign issue. I think it would be great before."
Philip Bump in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., contributed to this report.


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Breastfeeding is not a macho test of motherhood, with the winner being the one who nurses the longest. In fact there ARE no macho tests of motherhood. Motherhood is — should be — a village, where we explore each other's choices, learn from them, respect them, and then go off and make our own. [source]
No matter how long I breastfed my No 1 and no matter how long it's going to take me with the No 2, I'll be always enough!
Related articles
- I don't want to be JUST mom enough! (mayahoodblog.com)

subset: commoncrawl


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"It'd be awesome to use technology to fix some of the problems that San Franciscans see every day," says Twitter chairman and Square founder Jack Dorsey, in an all-star video promoting San Francisco's new open government and tech advocacy group, sf.citi. Twitter co-founder Biz Stone imagines smart bus displays that track public and private transit in realtime, while Airbnb founder Brian Chesky wants to blanket the city with public Wi-Fi by converting old telephone booths (which has been done in New York). Spearheaded by angel investor Ron Conway and backed by more than 300 prominent companies, sf.citi aims to hand over more government services to volunteer "civic" hackers and coordinate support for policy reforms, such as the Proposition E tax reform.
[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlaJOE8yflo]
The United States has been a leader in the open data movement, at least since Ronald Reagan released government global positioning system data to the private sector, which helps power everything from smartphone maps to car GPS systems. More recently, President Obama's senior technology advisor, Todd Park, vastly expanded the effort to include medical and education data, a small business-friendly government procurement process, and PayPal-like money transfer system for foreign aid. At the local level in San Francisco, former mayor and current California Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom ordered departments to release all non-confidential data to the public.
More recently, San Francisco saved itself thousands of dollars and many months of development time by giving a group of volunteer civic hackers beer, pizza, and access to the government's data so they could develop an app for MUNI, the city's municipal bus system. Additionally, migrating San Francisco's police department from paper to iPads is estimated to save them many (crucial) man hours. Both the MUNI app and police project are under the continued support of Conway's sf.citi.
sf.citi has initiatives on everything from education reform to open data, but passing local Proposition E — to start charging companies on their revenue rather than their payroll — is one of the major policy initiatives for Mayor Ed Lee and Conway. While ballot propositions have a notoriously difficult time in California, research from the Public Policy Institute of California finds that local initiatives are far more successful than statewide measures (~80 percent vs. 40 percent). Recent polling, however, finds that only one-third of San Franciscans supported the measure (slightly more opposed).
The good news is that Californians can now register to vote online and let their voices be heard.


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2004 Lafouge Auxey-Duresses 1er Cru Les Duresses
The quest continues - to identify and share high quality value-priced Pinot. I will admit that I have a serious soft spot for Domaine Jean et Gilles Lafouge, as BrooklynLady and I had such a wonderful visit during our Burgundy trip last November. Soft spot or no, they make very good wine, sometimes excellent wine, and always at reasonable prices.
We agreed previously that $25 would be the cutoff for value-priced Pinot, and that is tough my friends, tough. There just isn't that much out there to recommend at that price point. Well, if you can find it (and if you live in the NYC area, go to Chambers Street Wines - they have it), the 2004 Domaine Jean et Gilles Lafouge Auxey-Duresses 1er Cru Les Duresses is a very good wine and it clocks in at exactly $25. I bet it's less out of NYC too, so those of you who do not suffer the weight of NYC pricing - knock yourselves out.
Auxey-Duresses is a village in the Cote de Beaune, a neighbor of Meursault, Monthelie, and Saint Aubin. There are only a few 1er Cru vineyards in Auxey-Duresses, Les Duresses and Bas du Duresses are the two at the southern most part of the appellation. A lot of people think Auxey-Duresses is under rated as a Burgundy village, that it is too much in the shadow of the big three (Meursault, Puligny and Chassagne). I am not expert enough to weigh in on that one, but I can say that I have tasted several examples of white and red wines from the village and I like them in general. As always, the producer is more important than the classification of the wine (Bourgogne, 1er Cru, etc). And Lafouge is one of my favorites. The 2005 Lafouge wines are hitting retail now, or very soon, so it might be a good time to grab whatever is left of the 2004 bottles. The new wines might not be as inexpensive - you know, slap a "2005" on the bottle and everyone seems to go nuts.
2004 Domaine Jean et Gilles Lafouge Auxey-Duresses 1er Cru Les Duresses, $25.
Crystal clear ruby, very pretty color. High toned aromas of cranberry and sour cherry, some earth. A little cedar on the palate at first, but that dissipates quickly. Flavors of cranberry and sweet red berries, some pine, and a nice acidity, kind of like apple skins. A light-medium bodied wine, this is not in any way muscle-bound, and not an elegant and velvet wine either. It is somewhat in between, and this is probably representative of Auxey-Duresses terroir. That's why the wines don't command the same respect as do those from Pommard or Volnay, two higher profile (for reds) Cote de Beaune appellations. In an unspectacular vintage like 2004, the wines can seem hollow in the mid palate. This wine never felt hollow - Lafouge is too skilled for that, but it doesn't have the substance of Lafouge's 2004 Pommards, for example. It is a very good Pinot in the lighter style, and at $25, it is certainly worth the money. Make sure to enjoy it with food though, the flavors come alive and the acidity works better while eating.


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Tiered Tree
Designer: Angela Yosten
- Terra-cotta pots: one each in 3", 4", and 6" diameter
- 3--2-1⁄2×42" strips green print No. 1 (lower tree)
- 2-1⁄2×42" strip green print No. 2 (center tree)
- 2-1⁄2×42" strip green print No. 3 (upper tree)
- 4--2-1⁄2×42" strips assorted red prints (ruffled trim)
- Decoupage medium, such as Mod Podge
- Small sponge brush
- 1"-diameter decorative button (tree topper)
- Fabric glue
Finished tree: 6-1⁄2×13"
Cut Fabrics
Cut pieces in the following order.
Designer Angela Yosten used strips from a precut fabric roll to cover the terra-cotta pots. To create a similar look for your fabric strips, you might wish to cut the edges with pinking shears.
From green print No. 1, cut:
- 9--2-1⁄2×9" strips
From green print No. 2, cut:
- 6--2-1⁄2×7" strips
From green print No. 3, cut:
- 4-2-1⁄2×5-1⁄2" strips
Decoupage Pots
1. Paint a thick layer of decoupage medium onto outside of 6" terra- cotta pot using sponge brush. Also coat inside upper edge of pot.
2. Place a green print No. 1-2-1⁄2×9" strip onto pot vertically. Tuck one end into hole in bottom of pot, then wrap excess fabric around upper edge of pot.
3. Repeat Step 2 with remaining green print No. 1 strips, overlapping fabric strips as necessary to cover entire outside of pot, to make lower tree. Let dry.
4. Repeat steps 1–3 using 4" pot and green print No. 2 strips to make center tree.
5. Repeat steps 1–3 using 3" pot and green print No. 3 strips to make upper tree.
6. Apply a thin coat of decoupage medium to each fabric-strip covered pot to keep fabrics in place and seal. Let dry.
Add Ruffled Trim
1. With wrong side inside, fold an assorted red print 2-1⁄2×42" strip in half lengthwise. Lightly press, then unfold. Fold long edges to meet at center; press again. Zigzag-stitch down center of strip, securing both raw edges in stitching.
2. With a long stitch length (5 millimeter), sew a straight line of basting stitches down center of strip, leaving thread tails at each end for gathering.
3. Pull up bobbin thread tails to evenly gather strip to length necessary to fit around desired pot rim. Use fabric glue to secure ruffled strip to pot rim, turning under short ends to hide raw edges. Let dry.
4. Repeat steps 1–3 with two red print 2-1⁄2×42" strips to adhere a ruffled strip to each remaining pot rim.
5. For ruffled tree top, repeat steps 1 and 2 with remaining red print 2-1⁄2×42" strip. Then pull up bobbin thread tails to gather strip as tightly as possible, coiling it to make a flower. Hand-stitch flower to secure layers together, then glue it to bottom of smallest pot.
Finish Tiered Tree
1. Glue decorative button to center of coiled flower to make tree topper. Let dry.
2. With ruffled edges down, stack pots atop one another to complete tiered tree. Glue pots in place for a more secure finish, or leave as is so pots can be nested for easy storage.


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TUESDAY, Feb. 5, 2013 (HealthDay News) -- For older women ages 66 to 74, getting a mammogram every two years appears as good as getting one every year, according to a new study.
"Your risk of having breast cancer detected at a later stage is no greater if you screen every two years compared to every year," said Dejana Braithwaite, an assistant professor of cancer epidemiology at the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, San Francisco.
Braithwaite compared annual with every-other-year screenings and the effect on whether the cancer was diagnosed at a late stage. She also compared how the two intervals affected the number of "false-positive" test results, in which mammograms interpreted as possibly showing cancer actually did not do so after further testing.
Women screened every year were more likely to have false-positive results than women screened every two years, she said.
The study is published online Feb. 5 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
The debate about the frequency of mammograms and how long to continue them is ongoing. In 2009, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, an independent panel of experts, issued recommendations that women 50 to 74 have mammograms every two years. It recommends women under 50 discuss with their doctor the pros and cons of regular screening.
Other organizations continue to recommend annual mammograms beginning at age 40.
For the new study, Braithwaite looked at data on more than 140,000 women, ages 66 to 89, collected from 1999 to 2006. The women all had mammograms at facilities that participated in a data linkage between the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium and Medicare claims.
Nearly 3,000 of the women were diagnosed with breast cancer.
Braithwaite also had data on those who ended up with false-positive results. If cancer is suspected on a mammogram, more tests are ordered. If no cancer is found, this false-positive result can mean unnecessary procedures, added expense, time lost from work and anxiety, experts say.
The researchers estimated the probability of false-positives over a decade for the women 66 to 74.
"After 10 years of screening, almost half, or 48 percent, of the women who were screened every year had at least one false-positive," Braithwaite said. "Among those screened every two years, 29 percent had at least one false-positive after 10 years."
Results were similar in the upper age group, 75 to 89, she said.
The finding that late-stage cancers were no more likely in the women screened every other year is not a surprise, said Dr. Len Lichtenfeld, deputy chief medical officer for the American Cancer Society, who was not involved in the study.
"We've known that breast cancers in older women tends to be slower growing," he said.
The society's current guidelines recommend annual mammograms for women age 40 and over, as long as they are in good health. Age alone should not be a reason to stop having the screening, according to the guidelines, but women with short life expectancies or serious health problems should discuss the pros and cons of screening with their doctor, the society suggests.
Decisions about guidelines are constantly evolving, Lichtenfeld said, as more research is published.
Judith Malmgren, an affiliate assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Washington, in Seattle, said the new study "confirms earlier studies that biennial screening is fine for older women with fewer false-positives."
However, she said, women with a family history or those who feel uncomfortable with the longer interval should opt for annual exams.
The study was funded by a variety of grants from the U.S. National Cancer Institute and others. Braithwaite was partially funded by the Mentored Research Scholar Award from the American Cancer Society.
More information
To learn more about mammograms, visit the American Cancer Society.


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Watch Crystal
Throughout the ages man has been fascinated with the concept of time. His quest to harness it has taken him from the ancient sundial to the atomic clock. But never before has time been told like this.
The mystery begins with the magician displaying a small glass disc-"the crystal from an old pocket watch." A spectator thinks of any time of a secret time.
After blowing on the crystal, a vaporous watch dial appears on the glass, and the hands reveal the chosen hour!
The misty apparition slowly fades, disappearing in time, and the crystal is once again transparent.
This astonishing crystal comes in a velvet carrying bag, with customized polishing cloth and illustrated instructions to an intriguing and timeless presentation.
Magic Smith


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Jerry Wayne Hairston, Jr. (born May 29, 1976 in Des Moines, Iowa) is an American professional baseball utility player for the Washington Nationals.
Hairston was drafted in the 11th round of the 1997 Major League Baseball Draft by the Baltimore Orioles, and made his major league debut with the Orioles on September 11, 1998. In his seven seasons with Baltimore, he played in 558 games, batting .261.
He was traded (along with Oriole prospects Mike Fontenot and David Crouthers) to the Chicago Cubs in the 2005 offseason for Sammy Sosa. The Cubs attempted to use Hairston as a leadoff man, but he finished the 2005 season with an unremarkable on-base percentage of .336 and stole only 8 bases in 17 attempts. Even though most Cubs fans initially welcomed the dismissal of Sosa—whose performance was on the decline and was seen as a problematic teammate—the poor play of Hairston would eventually cause many fans to sour on this particular trade.


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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Carpal tunnel syndrome is when the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel is an opening in your wrist that is formed by the carpal bones on the bottom of the wrist and the transverse carpal ligament across the top of the wrist. The median nerve provides sensory and motor functions to the thumb and 3 middle fingers. If it gets compressed or irritated, you may have symptoms.
Facts about carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel release is one of the most common surgeries done in the U.S. Women get carpal tunnel syndrome 3 times more often than men. It usually occurs only in adults.
What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
Most cases of carpal tunnel syndrome have no specific cause, although any or all of the following may be a contributing factor:
- Frequent, repetitive, small movements with the hands (such as with typing or using a keyboard)
- Frequent, repetitive, grasping movements with the hands (such as with sports and certain physical activities)
- Joint or bone disease (for example, arthritis, osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis)
- Hormonal or metabolic changes (for example, menopause, pregnancy, or thyroid imbalance)
- Changes in blood sugar levels (may be seen with type 2 diabetes)
- Other conditions or injuries of the wrist (for example, strain, sprain, dislocation, break, or swelling and inflammation)
- Family history of carpal tunnel syndrome
What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?
These are the most common symptoms:
- Weakness when gripping objects with one or both hands
- Pain or numbness in one or both hands
- "Pins and needles" feeling in the fingers
- Swollen feeling in the fingers
- Burning or tingling in the fingers, especially the thumb and the index and middle fingers
- Pain or numbness that is worse at night, interrupting sleep
The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome may be similar to other medical conditions or problems. Always see your health care provider for a diagnosis.
How is carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed?
Your provider will check your medical history and give you a physical exam. He or she may recommend that you have electrodiagnostic tests on your nerves. These tests are the best way to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. Electrodiagnostic tests stimulate the muscles and nerves in your hand to see how well they work.
Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome
Your health care provider will figure out the best treatment for you based on:
- Your age
- Your overall health and medical history
- How bad your wrist is right now
- How well you tolerate specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- How bad the disease is expected to get
- Your opinion or preference
Treatment may include:
- Splinting your hand. This helps keep your wrist from moving. It also eases the compression of the nerves inside the tunnel.
- Anti-inflammatory medication. These may be oral or injected into the carpal tunnel space. These reduce the swelling.
- Surgery. This eases compression on the nerves in the carpal tunnel.
- Worksite changes. Changing position of your computer keyboard or making other ergonomic changes can help ease symptoms.
- Exercise. Stretching and strengthening exercises can be helpful in people whose symptoms have gotten better. These exercises may be supervised by a physical or occupational therapist.
Surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome
Surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome is usually done as an outpatient. Two types of carpal tunnel surgery are done: open surgery and endoscopic surgery. You may have local or general anesthesia, or both, for either surgery.
During open surgery, the surgeon cuts open your wrist. The tissue that is pressing on the nerves is cut. This relieves the pressure on the nerve.
During endoscopic surgery, the surgeon puts a long, thin rod through a tiny cut on the wrist. The rod, or scope, contains a camera and a light. The scope lets the surgeon to see inside your wrist. He or she cuts the tissue using tiny surgical tools.
After the surgery, your hand and wrist are wrapped and put into a splint. This will help to keep you from moving your wrist during your recovery. You will need to wear the splint for a week or two. You will probably have some pain after your surgery. It's usually controlled with pain medication taken by mouth. You may also be told to sleep with your hand elevated to help ease swelling.
Recovery from carpal tunnel surgery is different for each person. If your nerve has been compressed for a long time, recovery may take longer. You will be encouraged to move your fingers and wrist a few days after surgery to help prevent stiffness.
You may need to adjust your work or home activities while you recover. Talk with your health care provider about what you need to change.
Would You Like to Schedule an Appointment?


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On Jan. 23, doctors told 26-year-old Meredith Legg Stapleton she had a month to live. She allowed herself a moment to be sad, and to cry, and to comfort her husband, Christopher, because of course she had to be the strong one since, as Christopher says through laughter and tears, "That is just Meredith."
Then she prayed for two things: she wanted to see enough snow to build a snowman, and she wanted to live long enough to attend the North Carolina-Duke game on Feb. 12.
Meredith had recently seen the movie "Frozen." As you know if you have kids, the signature song from that movie includes the line, "Do you want to build a snowman?" And watching that movie, Meredith thought that, in fact, she really did want to build a snowman. But she lived in Huntersville, N.C., and what are the chances of a measurable January and February snowfall that includes enough accumulation to build a really good snowman?
On Feb. 12, it snowed more than half a foot in Huntersville. Meredith built a snowman with her sister and her brother-in-law and her nieces and nephew, and they named it Olaf.
The precipitation was great for building a snowman but not so great for driving two and a half hours to a basketball game, even if it was a Carolina-Duke basketball game. Meredith had received two tickets as a Christmas gift from friends, James and Laurel Brooks. It would be her first Carolina-Duke game since the 2005 contest at the Smith Center -- as you can see, Meredith only goes to Carolina-Duke games if they are epic, because that is just how she does things.
She had grown up as a hardcore Tar Heel basketball fan, and was also an accomplished basketball player herself. She is South Carolina Aiken's all-time leading scorer and is in the school's hall of fame. But she never stopped loving the Tar Heels, and she never stopped watching every game.
"I'm that person you watch the game with who is always yelling at the screen," she said on Friday. "To me, it's a lifestyle. It's like I was born with it. I have loved Carolina basketball ever since I can remember."
Six days after her Tar Heels won the national title in 2009, she was diagnosed with a very rare ocular melanoma. Doctors realized it had metastasized in 2010, which started three years worth of treatments. Some were conventional and some were experimental. Some were nearby and some were up and down the East Coast.
And yet USC Aiken's all-time leading free-throw percentage record holder (88.2 percent, not that she would volunteer it) refused to stop setting records. At the Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, no one -- man or woman -- has ever taken more bags of treatment than Meredith Legg Stapleton.
Her toughness could mask the pain she was enduring. Sometimes it was the little things. The swelling in her feet made it difficult for her to put her shoes on, and Christopher often had to help her. He didn't mind. "She's just the most beautiful woman, and she always has been," he says.
But sometimes it was the big things. During the past month, there has been so much pain, mostly in her abdomen and her back. During the day, Meredith was on a pain pump -- in typical Meredith fashion, she carried the pump in a purse-type bag that was very close to Carolina blue -- but at night sometimes even the pump didn't help. A typical night often saw her hunched over on the edge of the bed, rocking back and forth to try and make the pain go away, while Christopher rubbed her back. He estimates she did not sleep a full night at any point in the last month.
At around five or six in the morning, she might be able to fall back asleep, and on a good day she might sleep until 8 a.m. And then she would live another day, usually one in which at some point she would say, as she did on Friday, "I have a great life. God has been preparing me for this for five years. I've lived my life the way I've wanted to. Cancer doesn't define me at all."
Cancer hasn't defined the past month, either. First, as soon as she was referred to Hospice, she made a rule: no one enters her room while crying. Sometimes the tears come during a visit, but no one enters crying. That's just the rule. "I don't want to see you with tears," she said. "I want to see you with a big smile."
Meredith and Christopher, who has worked from home, tried to have a normal life. They walked their dog. In recent days and weeks, when she's been unable to get outside, they watched movies. They sat and watched the ducks on the lake. Sometimes they just sat on the floor and held hands, and that was enough.
"We've said some things we have always wanted to say but never really said," Christopher says. "Mostly, we've just been together. She just likes me being around. I don't feel like I have to do much other than just be there. I want her to know that she'll always be in my heart and I'll be in hers. That's the worst part, thinking about being apart."
They have not talked about the being apart as much as they have enjoyed being together. There is too much to do.
Her parents, Basil and Robin Legg, have been an essential part of her support team. Basil did endless research on treatment options, trying to strike the unfathomable balance between how much Meredith's body could take and trying to save his daughter's life. Robin has basically lived in Huntersville for the past month. On one recent day, the mother-daughter duo went together to pick out Meredith's gravesite, an unimaginable trip for any parent.
Robin sobbed. Meredith consoled her.
"When the doctors had the talk with me, I wasn't scared or nervous," Meredith said. "I just wanted to make sure I lived it out and lived it up. I had two goals: I wanted to get to the Carolina-Duke game, and I wanted to make it to my 27th birthday on March 4."
Right, the game. Meredith says she "almost fainted" on Dec. 21 when she opened the envelope that contained the tickets. When doctors referred her to Hospice on Jan. 23, her family quietly returned the tickets so someone else could use them. As soon as she found out, she demanded them back. She wanted to see them and hold them and have a tangible goal. She was going to the Carolina-Duke game, and no matter what anybody with a stethoscope said, she was going to the Carolina-Duke game. The tickets were returned to her. She kept them where she could see them.
But the snow that spawned Olaf in Huntersville on Feb. 12 also made it impossible to drive to the Smith Center. As soon as the game was postponed, however, there was some hope -- maybe she could still make it.
When the rescheduled date was set for Feb. 20, she began scheduling the appropriate doctor's appointments and procedures to give her the best chance of being one of those 21,750 people inside the Smith Center.
She had experienced some bloody noses, and was looking a little pale, so on Feb. 19, she had a seven-hour blood transfusion. On Feb. 20, eight hours before tipoff, she visited UNC Hospital and had nine pounds of fluid drained from her abdomen.
"We have to get this done in time," she told the nurse, "because I'm going to the game."
She painted her fingernails Carolina blue with just a little sparkle. She put on a Carolina blue shawl. Robin helped paint her toenails Carolina blue. She wore her boots, because they looked the best, darn it, even though her feet were swollen and they weren't very comfortable. And that was it. Nails done, shawl ready, boots on and fluid drained, Meredith was ready for the game.
She sat in the front row of section 125. Her family had secured two tickets there and two tickets across the court, so they split up. In the first half, Christopher sat across from her, and as the rest of the arena obsessed over every dribble and every shot, and as the entire country watched the game on ESPN, he was six rows away from the action and found that he could not take his eyes off his wife.
"The players were running up and down the court, and I just watched her for about two minutes straight," he says. "I was so amazed by how beautiful she was, and how elegant and at peace she looked. People were screaming and jumping and I would clap because everyone else was clapping, but then I would go back to her. It was two of the most beautiful minutes I have ever had. I'm going to keep those moments in my head forever."
Cancer is relentless. By halftime, Meredith was getting warm, a dangerous situation in her condition. Her pain was intensifying, and she went to the bathroom, where she asked her mother for all of her pain pills. She was not leaving, because this was Carolina-Duke and this was the goal she had set. In the middle of all the pain, she met Phil Ford, and when she is retelling the story the next day, she totally leaves out any mention of the pain or the pills, but she does exclaim, "I got a kiss from Phil Ford!"
Her family assisted her to the visiting tunnel, where Smith Center operations assistant Curt Brossman and event staffer Doug Daniel secured some ice. It was cooling, but it was also messy, and once the second half started, Daniel went to the Carolina bench and retrieved a towel from equipment manager Shane Parrish to help ease the process.
That seemed to help both Meredith's physical and mental well-being. She and her family stayed in the tunnel for the first eight minutes of the second half, with Daniel cracking the curtain that covers the tunnel just enough for them to be able to see the action on the video board and feel the crowd.
It was striking. Out there were 20,000 people and a game that felt like life and death. And in here, in the tunnel, was...life. Just life. That is what Meredith would be sure to tell you.
"Please let me take you home," Christopher said. They did not have to stay for this basketball game. They could go home and be in pain in private.
She gave him a look that every husband has seen from every wife. "No," she said firmly, and he did not ask again.
At the 12-minute mark, she was ready to return to her seat. Carolina was down by six points but it felt like they might be making a run, and this was the Carolina-Duke game.
"You can watch it on TV," she said on Friday, "but nothing is as great as the experience of being there with the sights and the sounds and the loud noises. I get chills just talking about it."
At one point during the second half, after she had returned to her seat, she looked at Christopher, who had switched seats and was sitting next to her. She was smiling, and she half-yelled, "Can you believe how loud this is?"
You know what happened in the game. Then the students rushed the court and Meredith and her family sat there, taking it all in. They laughed when the PA blared "Jump Around" and they sang when the band played the alma mater. They were happy. Really, truly happy.
It was a good night, but it was to be followed by some very difficult days. On Friday at lunch, Christopher had said, "Here lately, it feels like she is doing better," and Meredith laughed and carried on a normal conversation. But Christopher also knew this: "What we've seen is that she can look great and feel great, and the next day she can barely pick her head up."
On the way home to Huntersville on Friday, the pain increased. Saturday was worse. Sunday, her kidneys began to shut down and eventually, she went into a coma.
Through the weekend, though, those who love her said she talked mostly of one thing and one thing only -- her Thursday in Chapel Hill, of being part of those 21,750 people who saw something they will remember for as long as they can remember.
After the game, Dick Vitale introduced himself to Meredith. Jay Bilas stopped by and gave her his handwritten broadcast notes. Eric Montross visited with the family for an extended period of time. As Meredith and her family left the building, they ran into North Carolina freshman Isaiah Hicks, and she took a photo with him.
When they left the Smith Center, it was a perfect Chapel Hill night. There were shouts echoing back and forth across campus. When the wind blew just right, it carried the sounds of the students celebrating on Franklin Street.
That wind blew across Meredith's face, and she stopped. Christopher watched her and knew she was absorbing every detail of the evening. But before he could ask her what she was thinking, she told him.
"This feels," she said, "so good."


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Portuguese Pronunciation, Porches Pottery and a Bit of the Past
One of the first things we learned upon our arrival in Portugal was that "picking up" the language was going to be difficult (especially since we have about ten words between us now) and pronouncing the words may indeed be our downfall. So when we talked to a local friend about our visit to Porches – we said it American style, POR chez – her response was a puzzled look. Only when we pointed to its location on a map did understanding dawn. "Ah" she nodded and then said very slowly something that sounded like the car Porche with the r smothered somehow and the ending s a mere suggestion.
Looks like we'll be pointing for a while …
We'd first heard of Porches, population a smidge over 2,000, when we went to a monthly market in an even smaller village earlier this summer and saw some examples of the pottery for which the town is known. Nowadays, it's a place easily passed by unless you're looking for it, settled among hills with cliffs overlooking the Atlantic.
However, it's easy to see why it was an important vantage point in the ancient times of the Romans and Moors and a significant medieval town in the 13th Century with only the ruins of a long-ago castle remaining. In the Middle Ages a string of forts stretched along the coast to defend Portugal and one of these, the Nossa Senhora da Rocha Fort still exists. Within the walls is located the 16th Century Nossa Senhora da Rocha Chapel, simple in its whitewashed exterior, a small building perched on a cliff overlooking the ocean. Here, according to local lore, it's said that an apparition of the Virgin Mary once appeared to local children. The site sees many visitors, both the devout as well as those of us who appreciate the melding of a beautiful, awe-inspiring setting and a site of cultural significance.
Many of the streets of Porches are cobbled, wide enough for one-way traffic only, winding up and down the hills. Most of the homes are whitewashed and the contrast of the bright colors of bougainvillea climbing along walls against the blue sky is dazzling. We wended our way through the small "downtown" area looking for a place to eat but found the handful of cafes closed, maybe because most of the tourists were gone or maybe for the simple reason that it was Tuesday. A woman at a local bakery stepped outside and, with a friendly smile, pointed the way to a cafe she thought might be open.
The unassuming exterior of the Restaurante Mar a Vista led to a covered porch and a chalked sandwich board with the daily menu. We seated ourselves inside at a wooden table, enjoyed a hearty welcome by the waiter and ordered the €8 lunch special of three courses with an appetizer of olives and our favorite Portuguese bread, spinach soup, the fish of the day, dorado, presented alongside a plate of salad and an included beverage. The conventional wisdom is, "If you want to know where the best and cheapest places to eat are, look for the locals." And, as we slowly enjoyed our lunch, the tables around us began to fill. By the time we'd finished, almost all of the tables were occupied with people partaking of their noon meal. There was the pleasant buzz of conversation in the background and we left feeling like we'd received much more than our money's worth.
Sidetracked by the visit to the Nossa Senhora da Rocha Fort and lunch, we hadn't quite forgotten the original reason for our visit, the pottery. We got diverted for a bit by a display of outdoor art including a real-size, huge, metal sculpture of a traditional Algarve chimney complete with a stork's nest, some whimsical, smooching hippos, also life-sized, and a fire-engine red Rubenesque lovely, larger than life, dancing in the midst.
Next door was the Olaria Pequena Artesanata (the Little Pottery) shop with some distinctive, creative pottery, dishes and tiles as well as some gorgeous ceramic wall pieces that we admired greatly but were well out of our modest price range.
Traditionally, Porches was renowned for the pottery produced in its vicinity and it was located handily near some clay pits. But, by the mid-twentieth century the ancient art of pottery making in Portugal was dying out because styles and tastes had changed and there was cheaper, imported pottery and china available. The older artisans were retiring or passing on and there were few apprentices working at their sides, learning the skills as well as the art. In the sixties, however, an Irish ex-patriot, artist Patrick Swift and his Portuguese counterpart, Lima de Freitas, worked to reverse the demise of the industry and set about reviving this centuries-old craft.
Quite by chance we stopped by Porches Pottery, founded in 1968 by Swift, which is located in a typical old farmhouse and produces beautiful, functional tableware and tiles. The distinctive pottery is hand-painted and decorated with Moorish designs as well as illustrated with local themes such as fish and olives.
Today it is managed by Patrick Swift's two daughters, one of whom we met, and currently employs ten Portuguese artisans as well as the next generation of the family, an Irish nephew. We bought a butter dish to start our collection of tableware with plans to return in the future for a full set of dishes.
There are several other pottery shops dotted about Porches and along the two-laned highway leading into the town including some with replicas of the large, traditional outdoor terracotta pots that were used to store olive oil and wine and some with garden statuary. Despite its diminutive size, Porches appears to be thriving and the once dying pottery industry revived and producing traditional as well as new contemporary ceramic designs. And, lucky for us, since it's right down the road from Lagos, we'll have opportunities to visit it again. We're not holding our breath but maybe by then we won't be stumbling over how to pronounce its name!


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It has been two years since a Tennessee mom sent her 7-year-old adopted son back to Russia with a note that read: "I no longer wish to parent this child." While no definitive diagnosis ever was made public, the boy was thought to suffer from fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Diane Malbin, a clinical social worker in Portland, Ore., is founder of FASCETS, a nonprofit organization, and author of "Trying Differently Rather Than Harder." She has studied the disorder for more than 25 years and conducts seminars for everyone from teachers to prosecutors. She enlightened us on this common, but still misunderstood, disability.
Q. What is FASD?
A. It's an umbrella term that includes the medical diagnosis of a brain-based disorder when there is a history of alcohol use during pregnancy. There usually are no physical features … but some of the primary behaviors associated with FASD include slower processing speed, problems with judgment, memory storage and retrieval, functioning at a much younger age developmentally and others. … These individuals are often at greater risk because of the lack of physical characteristics.
Q. How does alcohol affect the brain?
A. Prenatal exposure to alcohol can have a debilitating effect on the developing brain and central nervous system. In short, it kills cells in the brains of developing fetuses. The long-term effects of other drugs — such as cocaine and heroin — appear less damaging than alcohol.
Q. You say FASD is still under-diagnosed. What are some typical labels given these kids?
A. Diagnoses that capture primary symptoms include ADD or ADHD, learning disabilities and others. Diagnoses that capture "secondary" symptoms — defensive behaviors that are seen when a person is … punished for symptoms of their physical disability — include Oppositional Defiant Disorder or conduct disorder, to name a few. These are not a part of FASD and are preventable.
Q. Why is getting a diagnosis so important?
A. Can you think of any person with any kind of other physical disability who wouldn't benefit by having their condition recognized? Without identification, behavioral symptoms of brain dysfunction are seen as intentional and are punished. As a result, many people are chronically frustrated and develop secondary behaviors and mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression and addictions. … It would be abnormal for that child to not develop (these) defensive behaviors because of the poor fit between expectations and actual ability.
Q. What is the most important point that you'd want people to know about FASD?
A. That it's a brain-based disability and that the brain is the source of all behaviors. This is the basis for asking different questions, shifting from seeing the person as one who "won't" to one who possibly "can't." Getting frustrated with someone who has FASD is like beating a blind child for refusing to read the blackboard.
Q. One of the behaviors associated with FASD is the inability to understand consequences. So, how do we hold people accountable for their actions?
A. The shift is from punishing to preventing. "Accountability" is a term that means "I see the look on your face and know you get what you just did and will never do it again." But what if the person is 24 going on 12? Do the same standards apply? What cognitive tasks are required in order to be accountable? Memory storage, retrieval, ability to weigh and evaluate. … Providing accommodations for people with a brain-based disability is as ethical, appropriate and effective as providing them for other physical disabilities.
Q. Can you give an example of an accommodation? For example, in a class with a disruptive child or a young adult stopped by the police?
A. The first question is, "Who is the person and what is the setting and fit?" Solutions emerge from this understanding. For a teacher: Think younger, recognize strengths, give time to finish a task, make sure the student is not too fatigued … are just a few. With the adult scenario, make sure each police officer knows to ask, "Do you have an information card?" Such cards are available for people with FASD. Since many young adults have long histories of frustration and fear when confronted by authorities, it's particularly important that this be asked to prevent escalating the situation.
Q. Are you optimistic that we will be able to make this shift in the real world — away from the traditional punishment model?
A. I'm more optimistic than any other time in my career. Just like now we take for granted the elimination of architectural barriers for those with physical conditions, in the very near future we'll also take for granted neurodiversity.


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Clinton officially nets Iowa Caucuses win over Sanders
Seventeen hours after Iowa's Democratic caucuses began, The Associated Press officially called Hillary Clinton the winner of a razor-thin contest with challenger Bernie Sanders.
Clinton claimed 49.8 percent of state delegate equivalents on Monday, while Sanders claimed 49.6 percent of delegate equivalents, the Iowa Democratic Party reported. In total, 171,109 Iowans showed up for last night's Democratic caucuses, the party said.
Iowa Democratic Party officials worked into the early morning hours, trying to chase down results from a handful of precincts. About 2:30 a.m., the party's website showed that Clinton had 49.9 percent of the delegates to Sanders' 49.6 percent, with 1,682 of 1,683 precincts reporting.
Clinton's Iowa campaign manager, Matt Paul, said she had won. "After thorough reporting — and analysis — of results, there is no uncertainty, and Secretary Clinton has clearly won the most national and state delegates," Paul wrote in a statement. "Statistically, there is no outstanding information that could change the results and no way that Sen. Sanders can overcome Secretary Clinton's advantage."
But Sanders spokeswoman Rania Batrice noted that one precinct in Polk County remained outstanding, and she said there were questions about the results in several other counties.
"We definitely don't feel comfortable yet," she said early Tuesday.
State Party Chairwoman Andy McGuire said the results were the closest in Iowa caucus history. "Hillary Clinton has been awarded 699.57 state delegate equivalents, Bernie Sanders has been awarded 695.49 state delegate equivalents, (former Maryland Gov.) Martin O'Malley has been awarded 7.68 state delegate equivalents and uncommitted has been awarded .46 state delegate equivalents," she wrote in a statement about 2:30 a.m. Tuesday. She said the missing Des Moines precinct was worth 2.28 state delegate equivalents.
Democratic Iowa caucus results are reported by a complicated system of "delegate equivalents" rather than by voter head count.
Sanders, who started the race far behind Clinton, declared Monday night that even if the former secretary of state edged him, he considered the near tie a great accomplishment.
"I think the people of Iowa have sent a very profound message to the political establishment, to the economic establishment and, by the way, to the media establishment," Sanders told supporters.
Many political experts dismissed Sanders' chances when he joined the race last May. But the Vermont senator drew increasingly big and enthusiastic crowds by relentlessly projecting his passion to fight economic injustice.
"He lives this. He's the real deal," said Lloyd Levine, 62, of Des Moines, a retiree who watched Sanders speak at Grand View University on Sunday night. "He's speaking the truth, and he's supported these issues all his life."
Sanders, a self-described democratic socialist, was several laps behind Clinton when the race began.
An Iowa Poll published in The Des Moines Register on Feb. 1, 2015, showed that 56 percent of likely Democratic caucus participants favored Clinton as their first choice for president. Just 5 percent favored Sanders, who trailed Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren at 16 percent and Vice President Joe Biden at 9 percent. Warren and Biden both decided not to run, and Sanders quickly became many liberals' favorite alternative to the presumed Clinton juggernaut. But by last week, the Iowa Poll had him trailing Clinton by just 3 percentage points. With most precinct results reported late Monday, both were credited with having 49 percent of the delegates.
- See Iowa caucus Democratic, GOP results
- Complete coverage of the Iowa caucuses
- Caucus turnout: Robust, record setting, surprising
With no clear winner Monday night, Clinton took the stage at her "victory party" at Drake University. She voiced appreciation for the third Democratic candidate, former Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley, who had just suspended his campaign after failing to gain traction here. Then she told hundreds of cheering fans that she was excited about continuing her competition with Sanders in other states.
"We can finally begin to have what I think is one of the most important, substantive conversations that the Democratic Party could have," Clinton said. "I know that we may have differences of opinion about how best to achieve our goals, but I believe that we have a very clear idea that the Democratic Party and this campaign stands for what is best in America."
Grant Woodard, a Des Moines lawyer who worked for Clinton's 2008 Iowa campaign, noted earlier Monday that the former secretary of state, senator and first lady collected a lopsided list of endorsements from Iowa's Democratic establishment. Droves of legislators and union leaders sided with Clinton, boosting her effort to build one of the most extensive field operations Iowa has ever seen.
"She had pretty much every institutional advantage a candidate could dream of having," Woodard said.
Woodard, who didn't work for a campaign this cycle, was among the many longtime Democratic activists who expected Sanders to fizzle. They were wrong.
"If you had told me six months ago that this race would be this close, I never would have believed it," he said Monday.
Although Clinton appeared to have the more extensive political organization, Sanders also hired experienced operatives to coordinate his efforts in the state, Woodard said.
Sanders' political rallies drew hundreds and sometimes thousands of enthusiastic young supporters. They applauded wildly for the rumpled candidate's hour-long discourses on economic injustice and his calls for a "political revolution" to restore fairness.
REPUBLICAN RESULTS: Ted Cruz wins Iowa caucus, beating Trump
Alex Gass, 26, of Cedar Falls saw Sanders speak Sunday. Gass, a machinist, said the senator has an authenticity that made him interested in politics for the first time. He summed up Sanders' appeal in one word: "Honesty."
"He just says what he believes," Gass said. "It's resonating with a lot of people."
Mary Vermillion of Iowa City wound up siding with Clinton after hearing her closing argument. Clinton's theme the past few weeks was that Democrats need a candidate who can beat the Republicans next November and can then implement practical solutions for the country.
Vermillion, 51, decided Clinton was a more realistic choice than Sanders. "It's not that she doesn't share his ideas. But you need to be feasible," she said.
Clinton cemented the college professor's support Saturday night with an impassioned stump speech at a Cedar Rapids high school gym. "I'm a progressive who actually likes to make progress!" she declared, implicitly distinguishing herself from her more idealistic rival.
Iowa caucuses make history again
Clinton started her Iowa campaign by holding a series of small, invitation-only meetings. Those events often included 15 or 20 voters, watched by twice that many members of the media. She credited those sessions with helping her understand Iowans' thoughts and concerns, but the meetings didn't put her in front of a broad swath of undecided voters.
"I think she started off fairly weak, relatively speaking. She was not a great candidate," said David Redlawsk, a Rutgers University political science professor who studies the Iowa process. "Really the key here is Bernie made her better. She responded to the challenge."
Clinton emphasized her experience, especially on foreign affairs. She rolled out a series of detailed plans, on everything from expanding the economy to fighting terrorism to helping families deal with autism and Alzheimer's disease. Her rallies grew in size and energy as the caucuses neared, but they rarely drew as many people or sparked as much excitement as Sanders' events. However, they drew more older Democrats, who had repeatedly caucused in the past.
Redlawsk said Sanders appealed to the relatively liberal Iowa Democratic rank and file. They're the same people who helped Obama catapult past Clinton in 2008, he said.
"They really want that progressivism. They really want that world change," he said.
- Bernie Sanders finds victory in virtual tie with Clinton
- Clinton vows to fight on with razor-thin lead
Redlawsk said it was fascinating to see Sanders capture young voters' affection the way a much younger Obama did eight years ago.
"A guy who's 74 years old harvested enthusiasm for the future — rather than a return to what people might see as the past, the Clintons yet again."
Sanders pounded away at his central argument that the political system is rigged in favor of the wealthy and can be fixed only by a president from outside the establishment.
"We will stand up to the powers that be, and we will create a nation that fulfills the dream and the vision that we know our country can be," he told 1,700 voters in Des Moines Sunday night.
Redlawsk credited Sanders with sticking to his main theme, even when terrorist attacks diverted attention from the economy.
Redlawsk agrees with many other political experts that Sanders probably will win the Feb. 9 New Hampshire primary, which is next door to his home state of Vermont. But he believes Clinton could recover in South Carolina and other Southern states, where she is particularly popular among African-American voters.


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Hudson, Henry
Hudson, Henry, fl. 1607–11, English navigator and explorer. He was hired (1607) by the English Muscovy Company to find the Northeast Passage to Asia. He failed, and another attempt (1608) to find a new route was also fruitless. Engaged (1609) for the same purpose by the Dutch East India Company, he sailed in the Half Moon to Spitsbergen, where extreme ice and cold brought his crew near mutiny. Hudson, determined not to lose his reputation as an explorer, disregarded his instructions and sailed westward hoping to find the Northwest Passage. He entered Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, and later New York Bay. He was the first European to ascend (1609) the Hudson River (named for him), nearly to present-day Albany. His voyage gave the Dutch their claim to the region. His fourth expedition (1610), financed by English adventurers, started from England. Again he sailed westward, hoping to find the Northwest Passage. Between Greenland and Labrador he entered Hudson Strait and by it reached Hudson Bay. After weeks of exploration, he was forced by ice to winter there. By the next summer (1611) his starved and diseased crew mutinied and set Hudson, with his son and seven men, adrift in a small boat, without food or water. He was never seen again. His discoveries, however, gave England its claim to the Hudson Bay region.
See R. O'Connell, Hudson's Fourth Voyage (1978); D. Hunter, Half Moon: Henry Hudson and the Voyage that Redrew the Map of the New World (2009); P. C. Marshall, Fatal Journey: The Final Expedition of Henry Hudson (2009).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Explorers, Travelers, and Conquerors: Biographies


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John Galardi dies at 75; founder of Der Wienerschnitzel
When John Galardi saw a man hosing down the parking lot of a modest Mexican restaurant in Pasadena, he asked for work. Galardi was young and broke, a college student freshly arrived from Missouri and looking for anything to help him scrape by.
It turned out that he asked the right man. Glen Bell Jr. was a young up-and-comer who liked the spark he saw in Galardi and mentored him for a few years while starting his eponymous chain, Taco Bell. Galardi, who was just another 19-year-old looking for a part-time job, went on to build his own fast-food empire, beginning in 1961 with an A-frame restaurant that he called, against his better judgment, Der Wienerschnitzel.
Galardi, the entrepreneur who made a fortune by topping the humble hot dog with chili, died Saturday at 75, according to a statement from his Irvine-based company, the Galardi Group. He had pancreatic cancer.
The company runs Tastee Freez and the Original Hamburger Stand but is best known for the business that sells more than 120 million hot dogs a year — more, it says, than any other chain in the world. It is now called Wienerschnitzel, dropping the "Der" in 1977.
Galardi said the name was suggested by Bell's wife as she scanned a cookbook and came across a recipe for Viennese breaded veal cutlets, which have absolutely nothing to do with Wienerschnitzel's chili dogs, its L.A. Bacon-Wrapped Street Dogs, or its Junkyard Dogs, crowned with chili, cheese, grilled onions and French fries.
"It was a stupid name," Galardi told The Times in 2012, but people loved it. Wienerschnitzel has 350 stores in 10 states and Guam.
"One of the things that I think is really to Galardi's credit is that he created a brand where no one had created a brand before," said Dennis Lombardi, a fast-food industry consultant with WD Partners in Columbus, Ohio. "One of the issues is that hot dogs are so incredibly easy to make at home. He dressed up the hot dog and succeeded in providing a very crave-able product at very low prices."
Galardi, in a 1984 Times interview, was frank about trying to distinguish Wienerschnitzel from its competitors.
"In this industry, we all have basically the same food, cooked in the same machines and sold by the same computers," he said. "It gets down to a corporate identification and a couple of meat items."
Not to mention the chili, which, in a 2012 commercial, he called "my secret weapon."
Born on March 4, 1938, in Kansas City, Mo., Galardi grew up in a small-town atmosphere "playing basketball, chasing girls and working," he told The Times. His father fixed appliances and his mother worked at Sears before moving, with Galardi and two of his brothers, to California.
Galardi briefly attended junior college in Pasadena but dropped out as he poured himself into the fast-food business. At 20, he worked double shifts managing a Taco Bell while his wife juggled three part-time jobs. With help from his parents, who borrowed on their furniture, he bought the restaurant for $12,000. Within a short time, he built his first Der Wienerschnitzel, in Los Angeles' Wilmington neighborhood.
He said he ate two or three hot dogs a day, seven days a week, for more than six years as the managed his burgeoning operation.
He was among the first fast-food operators to set up a drive-through lane. The aim was to thin out the crowd of rowdy kids who were congregating at night in his parking lot.
"I'd walk out and sometimes find 100 kids drunk and chase them off," he told the Orange County Business Journal in 1987. "I did a little survey and found out they were 100% of my problems and only 5% of my business."
By the time Galardi was 25, he was a millionaire. However, like many successful entrepreneurs, he expanded his business too quickly and borrowed too much — problems he spent years correcting.
"I followed the advice of Wall Street," he said. "I stopped making decisions and let other people do it. And I had to clean up the mess."
Galardi stepped back from daily management of his privately run company in 1993. In the 1970s, he took a year off to ski in Aspen, Colo., and for many years divided his time between Aspen and Orange County.
A resident of Newport Beach, Galardi is survived by his wife, Judane, and four children.
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Massive protest movement emerges against Islamists in Bangladesh
A protest that has at times swelled into the hundreds of thousands entered its ninth day today in Bangladesh's capital, touched off by the outcome of a war crimes trial.
| Dhaka, Bangladesh
A protest that has at times swelled into the hundreds of thousands entered its ninth day today in Bangladesh's capital, touched off by the outcome of a war crimes trial that has awoken an astonishing struggle over this country's identity and the role that religion plays in its fractious politics.
"God is Great," cried out Abdul Qader Mollah, as he was sentenced to life behind bars on Feb. 5 in Bangladesh's controversial war crimes tribunal. Known as the "butcher of Mirpur," Mr. Mollah was convicted of heinous crimes committed in 1971 during the country's blood-soaked independence struggle from Pakistan. He has also been one of the leaders of the largest Islamist party here, the Jamaat-e-Islami.
After the sentencing, protesters gathered in downtown Dhaka, crying foul that Mollah had not received the death sentence. This soon galvanized a vibrant protest movement against the ongoing influence of conservative, politicized Islam in one of the world's most populous Muslim nations.
"The current movement is aimed very explicitly at the Jamaat's role in 1971," says Zafar Sobhan, editor of the Dhaka Tribune. But "it was clear that the future that the youths protesting ... envision is one without Islamist politics, returning to Bangladesh's secular roots, and recognition that religion-based politics had poisoned the society.
"They don't want to see the Jamaati-style Islamism either gain further currency in the society or more power politically," he says.
Crowds continued to grow all week after the verdict. Soon a junction previously known simply as Shahbagh had become "Shahbagh Square," in reference to Tahrir. The calls of the protest morphed from macabre lynched effigies to calls for Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) to be banned and associated businesses boycotted.
"Us pushing for the death sentence is the tip of the iceberg; this is a way to begin to unravel religion from politics," says founding protester and blogger Asif Moihuddin, who was recently stabbed by Islamist thugs because of the content of his blog.
The 1971 independence struggle pitted indigenous Bengali identity against those wishing to remain a part of Pakistan, a country founded with an Islamic identity.
JI represents two things in Bangladesh, says Mr. Sobhan. "The first is their Islamist political philosophy. The second is their role, both as a party and individually, as collaborators with the Pakistan Army in 1971," and as such, the current protests have drawn on a potent secular patriotism.
The protests "are not an antireligious movement; we are not against Islam," says Mr. Moihuddin. "We are against intimidation in the name of Islam and religion interfering in politics."
For their part, the JI have called the protests "fascist in nature," in a recent press release.
"Of late we have learnt that the demonstrators are planning to attack commercial and philanthropic organizations having distant relationships with Jamaat," says JI spokesman Abdur Razzaq. He also worries that "the judges of the tribunal will be intimidated" by the protest.
As for calls to disband his party, Mr. Razzaq sees politics at play: "This idea was first floated by a partner of the ruling coalition with communist/socialist leanings."
But there are some indications that the protesters are attempting to avoid co-option from political parties. Last Wednesday, a ruling party politician was pelted with bottles when he attempted to address the crowd. "I don't want the politicians here, they are poison," says protester Sadab Hossein.
"This verdict gave us an opportunity to hold both the government and JI accountable to the people on an issue we can assemble round," says Moihuddin. "If we don't stop them now, who's to say where it ends."
He insists he will continue to protest at Shahbagh, despite receiving death threats.
There are already indications that the ongoing disruption could touch off violence. Counter-riots from JI's student wing, known as Shibir, have broken out, with live ammunition, Molotov cocktails, and running battles with police in other parts of the city.


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Sting in dragon's tail for foreign companies in China
July 16, 2013 Leave a comment
Sting in dragon's tail for foreign companies in China
Sun, Jul 14 2013
By Sujata Rao
LONDON (Reuters) – China's vast market for foreign goods and services, once seen by global companies as a modern-day El Dorado, is becoming a weight around their necks as its growth slows. The rise of the Chinese economic "dragon" over the last two decades has transformed international business. But now the country is in the grip of a slowdown due to a slump in exports and banking sector excesses, as recent data has shown. That has led fund managers worldwide to re-assess their investments in companies with a focus on the world's No.2 economy. "Anything China-sensitive is performing poorly and the trend will not go away because there is no sign of growth recovery," said Maarten-Jan Bakkum, investment strategist at ING Investment Management, which has cut its holdings of China-exposed stocks.Markets are already braced for slower commodity demand. But Beijing's recent moves, from an anti-corruption drive that has dented luxury demand to a crackdown on shadow banking, will hurt domestic demand too, Bakkum said.
Indeed, investors fear a full-blown banking crunch that could derail credit and consumption growth for years more than they fear sub-7 percent economic growth.
"Even if part of the China fears is correct, consumption will also be hit," he added.
MSCI's China Exposure Index, made up of about 50 companies that derive a significant portion of revenues from China, has fallen around 10 percent this year. Two-thirds of the losses have come in the past quarter with the darkening growth outlook.
In contrast, a similar MSCI list of stocks with exposure to developed economies has gained over 12 percent in 2013, trading off the improving outlook for the West and Japan.
Amit Lodha, portfolio manager of the Fidelity Global Real Assets Securities fund, said he favours stocks such as Volkswagen, whose China exposure is effectively hedged by its sales back to a recovering Europe.
The German carmaker's luxury division, Bentley, this month reported a 23 percent fall in Chinese sales while U.S. and European deliveries rose 12-22 percent.
"Over the longer term, consumption growth in emerging markets like China remains the theme to play. Nearer term, with some resurgence in the United States and signs of bottoming in Europe it would be better to focus on names which have exposure to growth here," Lodha said.
For two decades China's 10 percent-a-year growth rates allowed foreign companies to enjoy fat profits and surging share prices. Its multi-trillion dollar infrastructure projects sucked in commodities from Brazil and Russia, as well as semiconductors and construction equipment from Germany and the United States.
Companies selling cars, clothing and cosmetics meanwhile benefited from the growing wealth of China's 1.2 billion people, whose per capita incomes have quadrupled since 2000.
China directly accounts for 5-6 percent of U.S. and European company earnings, banks reckon. The indirect share, due to Beijing's influence on commodity prices, is probably far bigger.
It economic slowdown has already hit commodities trade.
"We are not interested in investing in companies that have exposure to commodities and raw materials, goods that China has historically stockpiled. At the end of the day there is a clear reduction of demand from China," said David Bailin, global head of managed investments at Citi Private Bank.
Consumer plays may have more traction, he says.
Consumption makes up just 35 percent of China's economy, almost half the level in neighbouring India. And with 300 million-plus people deemed to be part of the middle class, the bet is that smartphones and designer gear will not lack buyers.
But prosperity and employment in China are still closely tied to trade. So the export slump along with rising inflation and higher borrowing costs caused by the crackdown on so-called shadow banking may already be biting into disposable income.
Take Swiss watch exports. These fell 25 percent in the first quarter of 2013. Sales to Hong Kong, where many Chinese shop to avoid import duties, fell 9 percent.
European luxury firms, chipmakers, energy and auto companies all derive over a tenth of their revenues from China, according to Morgan Stanley, which advised clients in a note last week to "be wary of China and emerging markets exposure".
Roughly 5 percent of U.S. earnings come from China but for some, such as restaurant chain Yum, owner of Pizza Hut and KFC, the figure is as high as 50 percent, Deutsche Bank data shows.
So a slower China is bad for company earnings and for emerging markets who rely on its custom.
But the implications stretch further still – right to the heart of the euro zone's economic recovery, says Dan Morris, global strategist at JPMorgan Asset Management.
"If you think how well Germany's economy did during the (euro) crisis and if you look at the numbers, a lot of it was down to exports – and most of that was exports to China," Morris said. "Now that we are not getting any more Chinese stimulus, German growth rates are looking the same as everyone else's."


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The Lamborghini Veneno is the kind of car for which there just aren't enough superlatives-or perhaps expletives. It costs nearly $4 million dollars. It
looks like a spacecraft and might be as fast as one, with a 0-to-62-mph time of 2.8 seconds. And its extreme exterior snaps necks.
The Veneno is built on a modified version of the carbon-fiber chassis from the Lamborghini Aventador. It's powered by the company's 6.5-liter V12 engine,
suitably massaged to crank out 750 hp - a number that would be more extreme if 900+ hp supercars didn't share the spotlight in Geneva. As is the current
trend, a seven-speed automated manual transmission sends power to all four wheels.
But the most intriguing parts are on the crazy-looking exterior, where every last vent, scoop and strake serves a purpose. The carbon-fiber bodywork is
rife advanced racing prototype technology. The front end produces massive downforce, and also feeds vents to cool the brakes. The large fin on the back
stabilizes the car during braking and high-speed turns. The whole rear of the Veneno is open, except for where the license plate goes, to allow massive
quantities of hot air to billow out of the engine bay. Even the wheels have been aerodynamically optimized to act like a turbine, funneling cool air to the
In recent years, Lamborghini has been making an effort to establish itself as a leader in carbon-fiber technology. The Veneno stands as the ultimate
showcase and testbed for its capabilities, timed to coincide with the company's 50th anniversary.
If you were hoping to get your hands on one, tough luck. Only four will be built. Lamborghini is keeping the one on display at the Geneva Motor Show. The
other three have already been sold.


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Radiology, as many other high-tech fields of the modern health care industry, has become a very promising employment market. The demand for highly qualified professionals in this segment is permanently high. As for the employment outlooks for the future – they are expected to be even better than today. The population growth and the senior citizens segment growth lead to increasing demand for health care specialists, including radiology technicians. Besides, the radiology technicians can find employment everywhere all over the nation, so the necessity of relocation – moving with a family to some other unfamiliar city or state- does not present a great problem for such professionals. Advantages of radiology technician professional specialization determine the popularity of this specialization among other high-tech segments of health care industry. This is a great pro in favor of radiology specialization.
On the other hand, there are no pros without contras, as they say. The present-day professional environment of radiology is highly competitive – too many guys strive to get an attractive and rewarding job in the field – and dynamic. Consequently, a good professional, in order to stay in the team, should take care of constant upgrading and enhancement of the professional qualifications, which is officially required by health care industry regulation. It's of critical importance to understand the necessity of continuing education for radiology technicians. Otherwise a professional will not be in position to advance his or her career in this field. The official requirement for radiology personnel qualifications are very strict and definite – any radiology technician registered with ARRT (American Registry of Radiologic Technologists) is required to obtain 24 hours of continuing education credits – if not, the guy is going to lose the hard-earned professional status. What is even worse, minimum half of all these credits must be of Category A. This requirement came into effect fifteen years ago and nowadays the Recognized Continuing Education Evaluation Mechanism takes care of upgrading the radiology technicians' professional excellence and skills – they should always be of state-of-the-art quality!
Probably, a lot of people consider continuing education just a waste of time, but with the radiology specializations it is different – any radiologic technician should take the utmost care about staying on top of the game throughout the whole career. The technology and radiology applied sciences are constantly on the move, modern medical technology is advancing speedily, the health care protocols are changing. Any professional in health care industry needs to upgrade his or her skills and knowledge at least once in two years.
What are the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists requirements for the continuing education of radiology specialists?
According to requirements of ARRT any registered radiology technician is required to renew his or her registration. The minimum requirement is 24 continuing education credits during the last two years. You have to be able to prove that you have obtained those credits, otherwise the ARRT will not renew your registration, and it will be suspended. And you will be left without such critically important professional designation as the registration with ARRT! As you see, the continuing education is far from being waste of time for radiology specialists!
Is it difficult to provide 50% of Category A credits, as approved by Recognized Continuing Education Evaluation Mechanism?
A piece of good news is that the minimum requirement of at least half of continuing education credits for radiology professionals is not as difficult as it sounds. The term "Category A activity credits" means that such credits need to be approved and evaluated by a Recognized Continuing Education Evaluation Mechanism, as simple as that. The difficulty level of such activities is not higher than the activities you were engaged with during the coursework you did to get your degree and become a certified radiologic technician. So, you do not have to worry about that. The detailed information related to Continuing Education Evaluation Mechanism and its requirements is readily available at the official site of ARRT and other online resources.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6246436


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Message to the College Community
Dear faculty, staff and students:
Community College of Philadelphia is committed to the development of a campus environment that welcomes, celebrates and promotes respect for all. In our commitment to build a more inclusive campus community—one that understands, accepts and embraces the value of diversity among students, faculty and staff—we seek to include knowledge and values from many cultures through comprehensive and broad initiatives. As the city's College, we must continue to create environments where Philadelphians can come together with both experts and peers to hold dialogue about systemic racial inequity.
In fulfilling this commitment, we have created the Enough is Enough Teach-in Series. This series seeks to eliminate discrimination and promote diversity, equity and inclusion within the College community. The series works toward creating an environment that understands and values diversity. From recommended strategies, methods of prevention, applied practices and a direct call to action, we are educating and demanding justice while learning how we can hold our leaders accountable.
Enough is Enough began as a four-part series created in direct response to the atrocities and civil unrest in our communities that occurred immediately following the death of Mr. George Floyd in May 2020. It was our goal to create a safe space for people to receive valuable information and hear firsthand assessments of systemic racism. Topics focused on police reform, privilege vs. injustice, the transgender community and allyship. The series has grown tremendously, reaching more than 4,000 people and receiving positive media attention. This resourceful website includes recommended readings, a video library, and information about past and upcoming sessions. It has transitioned into a full College-wide initiative that supports the College's goals of being an institution that champions diversity and equity across every facet of the College.
We strive to exhibit a sense of community and solidarity that includes impartiality among all systems and institutions we encounter. Solidarity is not sympathy; it is a conscious decision to effect change. Since May 2020, we've seen small bouts of justice for those like George Floyd and Ahmaud Arbery, but the fight continues. We understand the work does not end here. We still recognize the need to educate and deescalate situations where we see the trepidations of racism. In 2022, we will be adding a sixth pillar to the College's Strategic Plan. For many years, innovative work in this area has taken place throughout the College community, however, adding this pillar to the Strategic Plan signals the College's uncompromising commitment to diversity, equitable outcomes and inclusion. This pillar will seek to address ways we can equitably grow and impact the work taking place throughout the College and the city at large.
We stand to eradicate racial discrimination, callousness, xenophobia, myopic thinking and unwarranted hatred. Through this series and all of our DEI initiatives, we will continue to amplify our voices as we remember and say the names of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Sandra Bland, Michael Brown, Philando Castile, Trayvon Martin, Eric Garner, Freddie Gray and far too many others on this appalling list of the murder victims of racism. None of us can breathe until we are all allowed to breathe freely from the horrors of racism.
Community College of Philadelphia stands in continued solidarity with you.
Donald Guy Generals, Ed.D.
Save the dates! Zoom links will be provided in advance of each session. Sessions will be held at 11 a.m. We encourage you to join us and spread the word.
Reproductive Freedom: Whose Choice Is It?
Tuesday, September 27, 2022 | 11 a.m.
Join us on Zoom
Bans. Rights. Facts. Myths.
Please join Community College of Philadelphia in a discussion about reproductive justice and abortion care. As a response to the overturn of Roe v. Wade and legislation around reproductive rights, we will examine the impact of these policies on a local and national level, and through a racial justice framework. Concerns and long-term effects about the abortion ban strongly linger and are especially unclear for marginalized communities. How can we differentiate fact vs. myth when it comes to making informed decisions about this topic?
Experts from Community College of Philadelphia, New Voices for Reproductive Justice, Apiary for Practical Support, and Women's Law Center will unpack the implications of these policies and steps for action. Learn how to be empowered and educated enough to navigate a health care system filled with rhetoric, ideologies and inapplicable scenarios. Community College of Philadelphia stands together in solidarity, and we stand together with you.
Co-sponsored by the Women's Outreach and Advocacy Cente
Hosted by: Dr. Donald Guy Generals, President, Community College of Philadelphia
Co-Moderated by:
Melissa Fogg, Director, Women's Outreach and Advocacy Center, Community College of Philadelphia
Malika Rahaman, Assistant Professor, Criminal Justice, Department of Social Science, Community College of Philadelphia
Featured Speakers:
- Céshia Elmore, Organizer, New Voices for Reproductive Justice
- Marisa Falcon, Founder and Executive Director, Apiary for Practical Support
- Tara Mulrtha, Director of Communications, Women's Law Project
Colleges in the Philly area and elsewhere are pledging to address national unrest and criminal justice inequalities
CCP teach-in looks at where to go from here


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Chick-fil-A® Sauce
Our classic dipping sauce with notes of mustard and a smoky tang.
140 Calories
13g Fat
7g Carbs
0g Protein
**Prices vary by location
Soybean oil, sugar, BBQ sauce (tomato paste, corn syrup, vinegar, natural hickory smoke flavor, caramel color, spices, garlic*, onion*, natural flavor, oleoresin paprika), water, yellow mustard (distilled vinegar, water, mustard seed, salt, turmeric [color], paprika, spice, garlic*), distilled vinegar, egg yolk, salt, tomato paste, cider vinegar, lemon juice concentrate, mustard flour, oleoresin turmeric [color], natural smoke flavor, xanthan gum, caramel color, natural flavor, garlic*, onion*, calcium disodium EDTA added to protect flavor, chili powder [chili pepper, spice, salt, garlic]). *dehydrated
*Nutrition is calculated from the base recipe. Nutritional information may no longer be accurate if ingredients are added or removed. Learn more here
**2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice, but calorie needs vary. Additional nutrition information available upon request.