text:
Xen dom0, hypervisor
Now that GNU Mach handles PAE you can use a PAE-enabled hypervisor.
You can either get binaries at http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/hurd-xen/ or build them yourself.
- Copy
hurd-modulesto your dom0 /boot. If you still have a non-PAE hypervisor, use
- Copy
/etc/xen, edit it for fixing access to your hurd / and swap
GNU/Hurd system
You need an already installed GNU/Hurd system.
If you have a free partition, you can fdisk to type 0x83, create a filesystem using:
sudo mke2fs -b 4096 -I 128 -o hurd /dev/sda4
Replace /dev/sda4 with your partition. Install and use crosshurd to setup a GNU/Hurd system on this partition.
/etc/xen/hurd configuration
There are two ways to boot a Hurd system: either directly boot gnumach, or boot it through PV-Grub. The former is a bit more complex.
Directly booting gnumach
Here is a sample /etc/xen/hurd configuration
kernel = "/boot/gnumach-xen-pae"
memory = 512
disk = ['phy:sda4,hda,w']
extra = "root=device:hd0"
vif = [ '' ]
ramdisk = "/boot/hurd-modules"
hurd-modules from http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/hurd-xen/ was built from a specific libc version,
This means that when using this image, your GNU/Hurd system also needs to have the same version!
It is preferrable to rebuild your own hurd-modules, using your own libc version, by using the http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/hurd-xen/build_hurd-modules script.
Suggestions about networking configuration are available.
If you need stable MAC addresses, use a syntax like
vif = [
'mac=00:16:3e:XX:XX:XX, bridge=br0' ].
Booting through pv-grub
Starting from Xen 4.0, you can run the GNU Hurd using
Download http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/hurd-xen/pv-grub.gz into /boot, and use the following for instance:
kernel = "/boot/pv-grub.gz"
memory = 512
disk = ['phy:sda4,hda,w']
extra = "(hd0)/boot/grub/menu.lst"
vif = [ '' ]
extra is now the path to the grub config file, which must contain the usual grub command to boot a hurd system.
Running Hurd with Xen
To run Hurd with Xen, use:
xm create -c hurd
and gnumach should get started. Proceed with native-install.
export TERM=mach
- If
xmcomplains about networking (
vif could not be connected), it's Xen scripts' fault, see Xen documentation for how to configure the network. The simplest way is network-bridge with fixed IPs (note that you need the bridge-utils package for this). You can also just disable networking by commenting the vif line in the config.
- If
Error: (2, 'Invalid kernel', 'xc_dom_compat_check: guest type xen-3.0-x86_32 not supported by xen kernel, sorry\n'), you most probably have a PAE-enabled hypervisor and a non-PAE gnumach. Either install and boot non-PAE hypervisor and kernel, or rebuilt gnumach in PAE mode.
You will need the following notation for the gnumach root= parameter:
to access the second partition of hd0, for instance.
You will also need to use the parted storeio module for the /dev entries, for instance:
settrans -fgap /dev/hd0s1 /hurd/storeio -T typed part:1:device:hd0
GNU Savannah task #5468, GNU Savannah task #6584.
Building from sources
If you want to generate your own gnumach kernel, see building, and use
./configure --enable-platform=xen
IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2013-11-09
<phcoder> youpi: would a limitation of 32 modules to hurd in pvgrub2 be a
<phcoder> *31
<youpi> phcoder: probably not
<phcoder> youpi: ok
<phcoder> youpi: gnumach goes into infinite loop with "warning: nsec
0x000096dae65d2697 < lastnsec 0x000096db11dee20d". Second value stays
constant, first value loops from 0x000096da14968a59 to
0x000096db08bf359e. Not sure if the problem is on GRUB or gnumach ide
<youpi> loops?!
<youpi> that's the time coming from the hypervisor
<youpi> not a problem from GRUB anyway
<phcoder> Yes, loops in steps of around 0x40 and comes back regularly.
<youpi> Mmm, maybe it could be grub not properly setting up
hyp_shared_info.vcpu_info[], actually
<youpi> i.e. the mfn in boot_info.shared_info
<phcoder> I don't think we write to shared page at all
<phcoder> could gnumach suffer from overflow on fast CPU?
<phcoder> next_start.shared_info = grub_xen_start_page_addr->shared_info;
<phcoder> And shared_info is machine address, so no need to adjust it
<phcoder> tsc_shift can be negative. Does gnumach handle this?
<youpi> yes
<youpi> here it's the base which doesn't change, actually
<phcoder> Do you mean this: system_time =
time->system_time; ?
<phcoder> But wait: ((delta * (unsigned64_t) mul) >> 32)
<phcoder> this overflows after 2^32 nanoseconds
<phcoder> which is about 4 seconds
<phcoder> I think this is the mistake
<phcoder> which is more or less what I see
<phcoder> Let me make a patch
<youpi> does xen have some tickless feature now?
<youpi> I'd expect the clock to get updated at least sometimes during 4
seconds :)
<phcoder> Hm, can't compile master:
<phcoder> ./include/mach/xen.h:52:18: error: 'MACH2PHYS_VIRT_START_PAE'
undeclared (first use in this function)
<phcoder> #define PFN_LIST MACH2PHYS_VIRT_START_PAE
<phcoder> Here is the patch: http://paste.debian.net/64857/
<youpi> it's defined in xen/public/arch-x86/xen-x86_32.h
<phcoder> yes it is. Let's see why it's not included
<phcoder> Hm, for some reason it pulls 64-bit headers in
<youpi> how do you cross-compile?
<youpi> I use
<youpi> ./configure --host=i686-gnu CC='gcc -m32' LD='ld -melf_i386'
<phcoder> Yes. GRUB adds those itself
<phcoder> youpi: confirmed: my patch solves the problem
<phcoder> any yes: I tried with unpatched master and it fails
<youpi> ok
<youpi> phcoder: thanks!
<phcoder> Now I get plenty of "getcwd: cannot access parent directories:
Inappropriate file type or format". But I don't think it's grub-related
<youpi> what do you get before that?
<youpi> perhaps ext2fs doesn't get properly initialized
<youpi> which module commande line do you get in the boot log?
<youpi> perhaps it's simply a typo in there
<phcoder> http://paste.debian.net/64865/
<youpi> $(task-create) $(task-resume) is missing at the end of the ext2fs
line indeed
<youpi> in your paste it stops at $(
<phcoder> this is at the end of my console. I believe it to be
cosmetic. Let me reset console to some sane state
<youpi> ok
<youpi> the spurious event at the start is probably worth checking up
<youpi> it looks like events that pvgrub2 should have eaten
<youpi> (in its own drivers, before finishing shutting them down)
<phcoder> when redirecting console to file: http://paste.debian.net/64868/
<phcoder> could swapon have sth to do with it?
<youpi> I'd be surprised
<phcoder> my guess it's because I use older userland (debian about May) and
new kernel (fresh from master)
<youpi> the kernel hasn't really changed
<youpi> you could rebuild the may-debian kernel with your patch to make
<youpi> but probably better trying to fix swapon first, at least
<youpi> (even if that'd surprise me)
<youpi> "trying fixiing* swapon", actually
<youpi> it makes a difference :)
<phcoder> We actually never eat event on evtchn, we look into buffers to
check for response
<youpi> ah, that's why
<youpi> you should really eat the events too
<youpi> in principle it wouldn't hurt not to, but you'd probably get
<phcoder> youpi: would doing EVTCHNOP_reset at the end be enough?
<youpi> possibly, I don't know that one
<youpi> looks like a good thing to do before handing control, indeed
<youpi> /* Clear pending event to avoid unexpected behavior on
re-bind. */
<youpi> evtchn_port_clear_pending(d1, chn1);
<youpi> yes, it does clear the pending events
<phcoder> http://paste.debian.net/64870/
<phcoder> I did this: http://paste.debian.net/64871/
<youpi> well, closing the event channels would be a good idea too
<youpi> (reset does not only clear pending events, it also closes the event
<phcoder> well we can't close console one. So it leave to close disk ones
(the ones we allocated)
<phcoder> http://paste.debian.net/64875/
<phcoder> New log: http://paste.debian.net/64876/ (swapon fixed, given 1G
of memory)
<youpi> ok, so it really is something else
<phcoder> looks like there is a space after $(task-resume) but can't tell
if it's real or comes from message
<phcoder> tottally artefact
<phcoder> youpi: this happens when booted in qemu with old kernel now. Now
my bet is on weird fs corruption or because I accessed it with Linux in
rw. In any case I feel like it's time to call it a port and commit
<youpi> I'd say so, yes
<phcoder> Let's look what's remaining: vfb, vkbd and vif: don't need them
for first port commit. Hm, there is an issue of default configfile. What
is pvgrub default behaviour?
<youpi> iirc it just enters the shell
<youpi> I had implemented vfb and vkbd to get the graphical support, but
that's optional indeed
<youpi> vif is useful for netboot only
<youpi> ah, no, by default it runs dhcp --with-configfile
<phcoder> youpi: port committed to trunk
<youpi> \o/
<youpi> I was lamenting for 5 years that that wasn't happening :)
<youpi> Citrix could have asked one of his engineers to work on it, really
<phcoder> documentation on using the port is still missing though
<youpi> amazon EC2 users will be happy to upgrade from pv-grub to pv-grub2
<youpi> I asked some amazon guy at SuperComputing whether he knew how many
people were using pv-grub, but he told me that was customer private
<phcoder> Another interesting idea would be to switch between 64-bit and
32-bit domains somehow
<youpi> yes, we were discussing about it at XenSource when I implemented
<youpi> that's not really an easy thing
<youpi> pvh would probably help there, again
<youpi> in the end, we considered that it was usually not hard to select a
32bit or 64bit pv-grub depending on the userland bitness
<youpi> we considered adding a hypercall to change the bitness of a domU,
but that's really involved
<phcoder> Well when you discussed i386 domains were still around
<phcoder> now it's only PAE and amd64 and they are very similar. Only few
gdt differ
<youpi> well, switching from 32-PAE to 64 is not *so* hard
<youpi> since a 32bit-loaded OS can fit in 64bit
<youpi> the converse is more questionable of course
<phcoder> yes
<youpi> still, it's really not easy for the hypervisor
<youpi> it'd mean converting stuff here and there
<youpi> most probably missing things here and there :)
<phcoder> Ok, not that important anyway
<youpi> we felt it was too dangerous to promise the feature as working :)
<youpi> heh, 5000 lines patch, just like my patch adding support to Mach :)
<phcoder> BTW do you know how to check if kernel supports dom0 ? Apparently
there is feature "privilegied" and dom0 kernels are supposed to have it
in notes but my linux one doesn't even though I'm in xen now
<youpi> it's XENFEAT_dom0
<youpi> called dom0 in the notes
<phcoder> http://paste.debian.net/64894/
<youpi> well, maybe the hypervisor doesn't actually check it's there
<youpi> phcoder: what does grub-mkstandalone?
<phcoder> puts all modules in memdisk which is embed into core
<youpi> ah, ok
<youpi> we didn't have to care about that in grub1 indeed :)
IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2013-11-09
<phcoder> youpi: now I get "hd0: dom0's VBD 768
(/home/phcoder/diskimg/debian-hurd-20130504.img,w) 3001MB"
<phcoder> but "start ext2fs: ext2fs: device:hd0s1: No such device or
<phcoder> disk = [
'file:/home/phcoder/diskimg/debian-hurd-20130504.img,hda,w' ]
<phcoder> Hm, using "disk = [ 'phy:loop0,hda1,w' ]" instead worked (loop0
is an offset loop)
<youpi> yes, xen disks don't support partitioning
<youpi> and we haven't migrated userland to userland partitioning yet
Host-side Writeback Caching
Optimization possible as it is with QEMU?
IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2011-06-08
<braunr> youpi: does xen provide disk caching options ?
<youpi> through a blktap, probably
<braunr> ok
IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2013-11-09
<phcoder> youpi: debian-hurd-20130504.img apparently has a kernel without
xen note. Do I have to do sth special to get xen kernel?
<youpi> phcoder: there's the -xen package for that
<youpi> I haven't made the kernel hybrid
<phcoder> youpi: easiest way is probably to have different entry
points. You could even just link both of them at different addresses and
then glue together though it's not very efficient
<youpi> it's also about all the privileged operations that have to be
replaced with PV operations
<youpi> PVH will help with that regard
<phcoder> youpi: btw, I recommend compiling xen kernel for 686 and drop


text:
Happy Tuesday book lovers!
Excited to share with you today my review for this book that completely captivated me! This was a story that I had the pleasure of reading with both my book Bestie Jennifer and my mom. I have included a brief review from my mom as well as a link to Jennifer's blog, be sure to check out their thoughts as well!🌴
Golden Child
- A Novel
- Narrated by: Obi Abili
- Length: 7 hrs and 8 mins
- Unabridged Audiobook
- Release date: 01-29-19
- Language: English
- Publisher: Random House Audio
My Thoughts
A beautiful and unsettling tale alive with culture!
Claire Adam's debut is a story that will transport you to 1980s Trinidad with its descriptive writing. I found the tropical setting of Trinidad to be unique and fascinating. The juxtaposition of the beauty and corruption was simultaneously disconcerting and alluring. A Book that I believe will stay with me for a long time, a book that asks many questions and begs to be discussed. I was so grateful that I had both my mom and my good friend Jennifer to talk about this book with after I finished. There are some heartbreaking decisions made in this book, but I believe the difference in culture and time had something to do with some tough choices. I strongly encourage you to fine one of your best reading buddies and read this mesmerizing book!
1980s Trinidad a family of modest means just trying to survive. Clyde the father works long hours at a petroleum company doing his absolute best to support his family. Joy the mother stays home and takes care of her family, twin boys Peter and Paul. Peter is the golden child not just smart but a genius. Paul was born with the cord around his neck depriving him of oxygen and ultimately leading to a learning disability. Joy did what she could to make sure the boys were treated equally, something that Clyde struggled with. Cultural differences and an ill-equipped school system lead to Paul being treated poorly, something that was hard to read. The family is ultimately face with a heart wrenching decision with no good answers. The other people surrounding the family as well as Trinidad itself really lend a lot of conflict to this story. The extended family does not always have the best of intentions and they are connected to some pretty shady people. The corruption and crime of Trinidad also is a huge factor in this story.
I was completely swept away by this compelling story. The characters were so well drawn and colorful. The storyline was very thought-provoking and evoked many emotions. I thoroughly enjoyed every minute I spend with this family on this island, even though at times it was extremely uncomfortable and distressful. A powerful story I won't soon forget, I absolutely recommend!
🎧🎧🎧 this was one stunning audiobook that absolutely further immersed me in the story! Obi Abili brought so much island flavor to the narration with his melodic island accent. Seriously I could listen to him talk all day long!
🎵🎵🎵 Song Running Through My Head
One love, one heart
Let's get together and feel all right
As it was in the beginning
So shall it be in the end
Let's get together and feel all right
Let them all pass all their dirty remarks (one love)
There is one question I'd really like to ask (one heart)
Is there a place for the hopeless sinner
Who has hurt all mankind just to save his own?
Believe me
One love, one heart
Let's get together and feel all right
As it was in the beginning
So shall it be in the end
One love, one heart
Let's get together and feel all right
Let's get…
*** A huge thank you too SJP for Hogarth for my copy of this book ***
My Mom's Thoughts
GOLDEN CHILD is one of the best books I have read in the last two or three years with its unique setting, unique characters, and unique story. From the first page I was transported along the roads of Trinidad with a microcosm of intriguing characters. The theme of roads taken or not taken by choice or by chance seemed to drive the plot, leading to a rich discussion and bringing to mind Robert Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken".

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Next they'll require dna samples in order to get medical careFrom the New York Times, March 22, 2002:
Bush Acts to Drop Core Privacy Rule on Medical Data
By ROBERT PEAR
WASHINGTON, March 21 The Bush administration today proposed dropping a requirement at the heart of federal rules that protect the privacy of medical records. It said doctors and hospitals should not have to obtain consent from patients before using or disclosing medical information for the purpose of treatment or reimbursement.
The proposal, favored by the health care industry, was announced by Tommy G. Thompson, the secretary of health and human services, who said the process of obtaining consent could have "serious unintended consequences" and could impair access to quality health care.
The sweeping privacy rules were issued by President Bill Clinton in December 2000. When Mr. Bush allowed them to take effect last April, consumer advocates cheered, while much of the health care industry expressed dismay.
Today's proposal would repeal a provision widely viewed as the core of the Clinton rules: a requirement that doctors, hospitals and other health care providers obtain written consent from patients before using or disclosing medical information for treatment, the payment of claims or any of a long list of "health care operations," like setting insurance premiums and measuring the competence of doctors.
The proposal is to be published in the Federal Register next week, with 30 days for public comment. The government will consider the comments and then issue a final rule, with the force of law.
Secretary Thompson said he wanted to remove the consent requirements because he believed they could delay care.
Pharmacists and hospitals had expressed the same concern. Drugstores said they could not fill prescriptions phoned in by a doctor for pick-up by a patient's relative or neighbor. Hospitals said they could not schedule medical procedures until the patient had read a privacy notice and signed a consent form.
Hospitals and insurance companies praised today's proposal as a victory for common sense, but consumer advocates and Democratic members of Congress denounced it as a threat to privacy.
"In general, this is great for the health care industry," said Elisabeth Belmont, corporate counsel for Maine Health, which operates seven hospitals, a nursing home and a home health agency in Maine. Mary R. Grealy, president of the Health Care Leadership Council, which represents drug makers, drugstores, insurers and hospitals, said: "The new proposal strikes an appropriate balance. It's a workable compromise."
But Janlori Goldman, coordinator of the Consumer Coalition for Health Privacy, an alliance of more than 100 groups favoring patients' rights, said the administration was proposing "a destructive change."
Representative Edward J. Markey, Democrat of Massachusetts, said: "By stripping the consent requirement from the health privacy rule, the Bush administration strips patients of the fundamental right to give their consent before their health information is used or disclosed. The administration's proposal throws the baby away with the bath water."
Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Democrat of Massachusetts, said he was "very concerned" because he believed that "an individual should have to give permission before medical information is disclosed."
The Bush administration denied that it was eviscerating privacy protections. "The president believes strongly in the need for federal protections to ensure patient privacy, and the changes we are proposing today will allow us to deliver strong protections for personal medical information while improving access to care," Mr. Thompson said.
Under the rules, doctors and other health care providers would still have to notify patients of their rights and the providers' disclosure policies. Patients would be asked to acknowledge in writing that they had received such notice, but could receive care without the acknowledgment.
Ms. Goldman, director of the Health Privacy Project at Georgetown University, said: "It's absurd to suggest that a notice serves the same purpose as consent. Signing the consent makes it more likely that people will understand their rights."
Some parts of the Clinton rules would survive the changes proposed by the Bush administration. Patients would, for example, have a federal right to inspect and copy their records and could propose corrections.
Congress could try to set privacy standards by law, overriding decisions by the Bush administration. But that appears unlikely. Under a 1996 law, Congress instructed the secretary of health and human services to issue rules on medical privacy in the absence of action by Congress, and lawmakers have never been able to agree on standards.
In its proposal today, the Bush administration tries to ensure that parents have "appropriate access" to medical records of their children, including information about mental health, abortion and treatment for drug and alcohol abuse. The Clinton rules "may have unintentionally limited parents' access to their child's medical records," the Bush administration said. The proposal makes clear that state law governs disclosures to parents.
The Bush proposal would also relax some consent requirements that medical researchers saw as particularly onerous.
The rules, the first comprehensive federal standards for medical privacy, affect virtually every doctor, patient, hospital, pharmacy and health plan in the United States.
Health care providers and insurers must comply by April 14, 2003. Anyone who violates the rules after that date will be subject to civil and criminal penalties, including a $250,000 fine and 10 years in prison for the most serious violations.
When Mr. Clinton issued the rules in December 2000, he described them as "the most sweeping privacy protections ever written." Mr. Bush took political credit for accepting those rules last April. White House officials said Mr. Bush would back a wide range of privacy protections for consumers, even if he had to defy his usual business allies.
The White House wanted to avoid the political embarrassment Mr. Bush suffered when he altered Clinton policies on arsenic levels in drinking water, global warming, ergonomic rules and the contamination of school lunch meat with salmonella. But after studying the medical privacy rules and listening to the concerns of companies in the health care industry, the administration concluded that major provisions of the Clinton rules were unworkable.
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text:
Appeals court sends land dispute case back to circuit court
It seems that neither a Tuscarora Township resident nor the Cheboygan County Road Commission completely won a court case involving a land dispute.
The State of Michigan Court of Appeals heard the case of Barbara J Wamsley versus the Cheboygan County Road Commission, originally heard in Cheboygan County 53rd Circuit Court.
Judges David H. Sawyer, Patrick M. Meter and Pat M. Donofrio affirmed the trial court's orders granting summary disposition to the Road Commission with respect to Wamsley's claims to the unpaved portions of Prospect Street, including the riparian property, based on the theories of acquiescence, adverse possession, and abandonment.
"We remand this case to the trial court for the court to address plaintiff's argument that she enjoys riparian rights pursuant to 2000 Baum Family Trust," the judges wrote in their decision, handed down Tuesday. "We also direct the trial court to address plaintiff's claim that she holds fee title to the alley because defendant never accepted the dedication of the alley. Finally, on remand, plaintiff is not entitled to a jury trial because the issues to be addressed are equitable in nature."
The court affirmed in part and remanded for further proceedings consistent with the opinion, and did not retain jurisdiction.
Wamsley had appealed as of right the trial court's orders granting summary disposition in favor of the Road Commission in the title action case.
"Because plaintiff did not acquire title to the unpaved portion of the road, including the riparian property, at issue under the theories of acquiescence, adverse possession, or abandonment, we affirm in part," the judges continued. "But, because the trial court did not address whether plaintiff had riparian rights pursuant to our Supreme Court's decision in 2000 Baum Family Trust v Babel, or plaintiff's claim that she holds fee title to the alley adjacent to her home because defendant never accepted the dedication of the alley, we remand to the trial court for the court to address those limited issues. We therefore affirm in part and remand for further proceedings."
The Court of Appeals heard the case in Grand Rapids, Mich.


text:
Parts Catalog
PartsCargo is an auto parts supplier/reseller. We specialize in all types of auto body parts. We sell Auto Parts directly to consumers and as well as supply parts to Auto Body Shops and Auto Repair Shops. We have parts for any and every card including Tesla.
Business Name:
3601 36th AveQueens New York 11106USA
About Queens
Queens is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York. It is the largest borough of New York City in area, and is bracketed by the borough of Brooklyn at the western end of Long Island to its west and Nassau County to the east. Queens also shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island (via the Rockaways). With a population of 2,405,464 as of the 2020 census, Queens is the second-largest in population of the five New York City boroughs, after Brooklyn. Were it a city, Queens would rank behind only Los Angeles and Chicago as the third most-populous in the U.S..
Neighborhoods in Queens, New York
Astoria, Bayside, Bellerose Manor, College Point, Douglaston, Elmhurst, Far Rockaway, Flushing, Forest Hills, Glendale
Our Newest Profiles


text:
Al Qaeda offers to trade British hostage for cleric Abu Qatada
CAIRO – Al Qaeda's North African affiliate Monday offered to free a British hostage if London allows a radical cleric described as a leading figure in the terror group in Europe to leave Britain for another country.
Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb in a statement posted Monday on a militant website said it would release Stephen Malcolm if the cleric Abu Qatada were let go. It warned that the British government would be responsible for the consequences if it follows through on a plan to deport him to Jordan, where he faces trial on terrorism charges.
Authorities in Britain have been trying to expel the Palestinian-Jordanian preacher since 2001, but the European Court of Human Rights ruled he could not be deported to Jordan because of a risk that evidence obtained through torture would be used against him there.
Earlier this month, British authorities detained the cleric once again, and at the time said they were close to deporting him to Jordan.
Abu Qatada, whose real name is Omar Mahmoud Mohammed Othman, has been described in both Spanish and British courts as a leading Al Qaeda figure in Europe and a threat to national security. He was first detained in Britain in 2002.
"We offer the British government an initiative to release its citizen Stephen Malcolm .... who is our prisoner, if it allows Sheik Abu Qatada to leave to one of the Arab Spring countries or any other country of his choice where he guarantees his freedom and, rights and dignity," it said.
Elections held in the aftermath of the pro-democracy uprisings that have swept the Middle East in the past year have resulted in Islamist-dominated parliaments in Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt.
Malcolm was kidnapped along with a Swedish and a Dutch national from a restaurant in Timbuktu, Mali in November. He also holds South African citizenship.
The terror group expressed hope that the British government would deal with the offer with "objectivity, reason and wisdom" but threatened that Britain would be responsible for the consequences if he is handed over to the Jordanian government.
Britain has not commented on the proposal. A British official speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of his job said, "We don't engage with terrorists in these matters."
Al Qaeda denied Abu Qatada has any ties to it, but said it was defending him because of allegiances to a "Muslim brother" should come ahead of other ideological concerns.
The group argued that Abu Qatada's case proves that Britain does not protect human rights or justice.
"How come the Sheik was jailed for years merely for exercising his right to express his opinion and beliefs, in words and writing," it said.
The cleric spent six years in jail in Britain, although he has never been charged with any crime. Earlier this month, he was detained again, and British authorities said at the time that they were close to deporting him. Jordan has said it will guarantee Abu Qatada a fair trial and that no evidence obtained through torture could be used in any trial.
The Al Qaeda statement alluded to the possibility of torture in Jordan, saying the country has a record "full of unprecedented crimes against Muslim prisoners."
AQIM grew out of armed Islamic groups fighting the Algerian government in the 1990s and eventually expanded its operations. In 2006, the group announced it had joined Al Qaeda. They are known to make money by smuggling and kidnapping. Some 50 Europeans and Canadians have been kidnapped and ransomed by the group.


text:
Electric cycles, bikes and 'tuks' get traction
Despite America's love affair with Harley-Davidsons, electric motorcycles — as well as e-bicycles — are revving up U.S. sales.
Two-wheeled e-vehicles are gaining converts among urban commuters and law enforcement, which see a stealth advantage in their quietness. More than three dozen U.S. police departments nationwide now use e-motorcycles.
Sales of high-performance e-motorcycles will rise at least 30% per year through 2023 in North America, says a May report by Navigant Research, a market research firm. Co-author John Gartner sees several reasons: consumers looking for refuge from high gasoline prices, increases in city traffic and improved e-vehicles.
"It has its limitations. It only goes so far" on a charge, says Ron Paci, a retired carpenter in Arlington, Va., who has owned an electric Zero Motorcycle for a year. Still, he's a huge fan. "it doesn't pollute. It doesn't make any noise so if you want to drive quietly along a country road, it's a new experience."
Zero, the largest U.S. manufacturer of e-motorcycles, has boosted production from fewer than 100 units in 2010 to more than 2,000 this year, says Scott Harden, the company's vice president of marketing. Compared to gas-powered counterparts, he says Zeros are cheaper to operate — about a penny per mile — and don't make noise, fumes or vibrations.
"It's almost a magic-carpet-like ride," Harden says, noting Zeros can go 171 miles per charge in the city. He's bullish about future sales, because battery prices — accounting for half of production costs — have fallen in the last year. Zeros cost $10,000 to $17,000.
E-motorcycles sell best in the San Francisco Bay area, southern California, Florida and Texas, says Adrian Stewart, director of marketing for Oregon-based Brammo, which rolled out its first model in 2009.
The U.S. market faces increased competition as BMW launches an e-scooter this year, and Yamaha plans an electric entry in 2016.
Also on the way are three-wheeled electric tuk-tuks, vehicles without sides that have canopies and are common in Asia. Netherlands-based Tuk Tuk Factory is partnering with eTuk USA, which is seeking road-use approval for three models from the U.S. Department of Transportation.
"The interest is unbelievable," says Michael Fox of eTuk USA, noting Atlanta's airport plans to use one of the units for mobile food sales. He says hungry passengers waiting for flights won't have to leave their gate, because the tuk-tuk will come to them.
E-bikes, though still a small share of all U.S. bicycles, are seeing rapid growth. More than twice as many, 158,000, were imported from July 2012 to July 2013 than a year earlier, when 65,000 entered the U.S. market, according to Edward Benjamin, chairman of the Light Electric Vehicle Association, an industry group. E-bike sales are forecast to increase nearly 10% per year through 2020 in North America, says a 2013 Navigant report.
"If I ride a pedelec up a hill, I feel 18 again," Benjamin, 59, says, referring to a type of e-bike that requires riders to pedal in order for the motor to run. The more pedaling, the longer a bike's range per charge.
He says e-bike sales are greatest among aging Baby Boomer cyclists who have trouble climbing hills and young urban commuters who don't want to buy a car but want to arrive at work without sweating. He says customers say they aim to avoid traffic jams and parking hassles.
Still, Americans aren't flocking to e-alternatives as quickly as Europeans or Asians.
"We're culturally slow in our adoption," Benjamin says. Unlike Europeans, he says most Americans drive to work and are more apt to see bicycles as a way to exercise rather than commute.
Also, Europeans are more focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and have more dealerships that focus exclusively on e-vehicles, Brammo's Stewart says. And in the U.S., he says there's the Harley-Davidson "phenomenon," adding "the noise and the smell are part of the attraction." He doesn't expect its devotees to switch until e-motorcyles can get 300 miles per charge.
Another hurdle is price. Harleys aside, many gas-combustion motorcycles cost less, and a federal tax incentive for e-vehicles, including motorcycles, expired last year.


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Incident Command System
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2015)
The Incident Command System (ICS) is a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of emergency response providing a common hierarchy within which responders from multiple agencies can be effective.[1]
ICS was initially developed to address problems of inter-agency responses to wildfires in California and Arizona but is now a component of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)[2] in the US, where it has evolved into use in all-hazards situations, ranging from active shootings to hazmat scenes.[3] In addition, ICS has acted as a pattern for similar approaches internationally.[4]
ICS consists of a standard management hierarchy and procedures for managing temporary incident(s) of any size. ICS procedures should be pre-established and sanctioned by participating authorities, and personnel should be well-trained prior to an incident.[5]
ICS includes procedures to select and form temporary management hierarchies to control funds, personnel, facilities, equipment, and communications. Personnel are assigned according to established standards and procedures previously sanctioned by participating authorities. ICS is a system designed to be used or applied from the time an incident occurs until the requirement for management and operations no longer exist.
ICS is interdisciplinary and organizationally flexible to meet the following management challenges:
- Meets the needs of a jurisdiction to cope with incidents of any kind or complexity (i.e. it expands or contracts as needed).
- Allows personnel from a wide variety of agencies to meld rapidly into a common management structure with common terminology.
- Provide logistical and administrative support to operational staff.
- Be cost effective by avoiding duplication of efforts, and continuing overhead.
- Provide a unified, centrally authorized emergency organization.
The ICS concept was formed in 1968 at a meeting of Fire Chiefs in Southern California. The program reflects the management hierarchy of the US Navy, and at first was used mainly to fight California wildfires. During the 1970s, ICS was fully developed during massive wildfire suppression efforts in California (FIRESCOPE) that followed a series of catastrophic wildfires, starting with the massive Laguna fire in 1970. Property damage ran into the millions, and many people died or were injured. Studies determined that response problems often related to communication and management deficiencies rather than lack of resources or failure of tactics.[6][7]
Weaknesses in incident management were often due to:
- Lack of accountability, including unclear chain of command and supervision.
- Poor communication due to both inefficient uses of available communications systems and conflicting codes and terminology.
- Lack of an orderly, systematic planning process.
- No effective predefined way to integrate inter-agency requirements into the management structure and planning process.
- "Freelancing" by individuals within the first response team without direction from a team leader (IC) and those with specialized skills during an incident and without coordination with other first responders
- Lack of knowledge with common terminology during an incident.
Emergency Managers determined that the existing management structures — frequently unique to each agency — did not scale to dealing with massive mutual aid responses involving dozens of distinct agencies and when these various agencies worked together their specific training and procedures clashed. As a result, a new command and control paradigm was collaboratively developed to provide a consistent, integrated framework for the management of all incidents from small incidents to large, multi-agency emergencies.
At the beginning of this work, despite the recognition that there were incident or field level shortfalls in organization and terminology, there was no mention of the need to develop an on the ground incident management system like ICS. Most of the efforts were focused on the multiagency coordination challenges above the incident or field level. It was not until 1972 when Firefighting Resources of Southern California Organized for Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE) was formed that this need was recognized and the concept of ICS was first discussed. Also, ICS was originally called Field Command Operations System.[8]
ICS became a national model for command structures at a fire, crime scene or major incident. ICS was used in New York at the first attack on the World Trade Center in 1993. On 1 March 2004, the Department of Homeland Security, in accordance with the passage of Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5) calling for a standardized approach to incident management amongst all federal, state, and local agencies, developed the National Incident Management System (NIMS) which integrates ICS. Additionally, it was mandated that NIMS (and thus ICS) must be utilized to manage emergencies in order to receive federal funding.
The Superfund Amendment and Re-authorization Act title III mandated that all first responders to a hazardous materials emergency must be properly trained and equipped in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120(q). This standard represents OSHA's recognition of ICS.[9]
HSPD-5 and thus the National Incident Management System came about as a direct result of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, which created numerous All-Hazard, Mass Casualty, multi-agency incidents.[10]
Jurisdiction and legitimacy[edit]
In the United States, ICS has been tested by more than 30 years of emergency and non-emergency applications. All levels of government are required to maintain differing levels of ICS training and private sector organizations regularly use ICS for management of events. ICS is widespread in use from law enforcement to every-day business, as the basic goals of clear communication, accountability, and the efficient use of resources are common to incident and emergency management as well as daily operations. ICS is mandated by law for all Hazardous Materials responses nationally and for many other emergency operations in most states. In practice, virtually all EMS and disaster response agencies utilize ICS, in part after the United States Department of Homeland Security mandated the use of ICS for emergency services throughout the United States as a condition for federal preparedness funding. As part of FEMA's National Response Plan (NRP), the system was expanded and integrated into the National Incident Management System (NIMS).
The United Nations recommended the use of ICS as an international standard[citation needed]. ICS is also used by agencies in Canada.[11]
New Zealand has implemented a similar system, known as the Coordinated Incident Management System, Australia has the Australasian Inter-Service Incident Management System and British Columbia, Canada, has BCERMS developed by the Emergency Management BC.
In Brazil, ICS is also used by The Fire Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro (CBMERJ) and by the Civil Defense of the State of Rio de Janeiro in every emergency or large-scale events.[citation needed]
Incidents are defined within ICS as unplanned situations necessitating a response. Examples of incidents may include:
- Emergency medical situations (ambulance service)
- Hazardous material spills, releases to the air (toxic chemicals), releases to a drinking water supply
- Hostage crises or Active Shooter situation.
- Man-made disasters such as vehicle crashes, industrial accidents, train derailments, or structure fires
- Natural disasters such as wildfires, flooding, earthquake or tornado
- Public health incidents, such as disease outbreaks
- Search and Rescue operations
- Technological crisis
- Cyberattack, Cybersecurity Incident, or major information security breach.
- Terrorist attacks
- Traffic incidents
Events are defined within ICS as planned situations. Incident command is increasingly applied to events both in emergency management and non-emergency management settings. Examples of events may include:
- Concerts
- Parades and other ceremonies
- Fairs and other gatherings
- Training exercises
Key concepts[edit]
Unity of command[edit]
Each individual participating in the operation reports to only one supervisor. This eliminates the potential for individuals to receive conflicting orders from a variety of supervisors, thus increasing accountability, preventing freelancing, improving the flow of information, helping with the coordination of operational efforts, and enhancing operational safety. This concept is fundamental to the ICS chain of command structure.[12]
Common terminology[edit]
Individual response agencies previously developed their protocols separately, and subsequently developed their terminology separately. This can lead to confusion as a word may have a different meaning for each organization.
When different organizations are required to work together, the use of common terminology is an essential element in team cohesion and communications, both internally and with other organizations responding to the incident.
An incident command system promotes the use of a common terminology and has an associated glossary of terms that help bring consistency to position titles, the description of resources and how they can be organized, the type and names of incident facilities, and a host of other subjects. The use of common terminology is most evident in the titles of command roles, such as Incident Commander, Safety Officer or Operations Section Chief.[12]
Management by objective[edit]
Incidents are managed by aiming towards specific objectives. Objectives are ranked by priority; should be as specific as possible; must be attainable; and if possible given a working time-frame. Objectives are accomplished by first outlining strategies (general plans of action), then determining appropriate tactics (how the strategy will be executed) for the chosen strategy.[12]
Flexible and modular organization[edit]
Incident Command structure is organized in such a way as to expand and contract as needed by the incident scope, resources and hazards. Command is established in a top-down fashion, with the most important and authoritative positions established first. For example, Incident Command is established by the first arriving unit.
Only positions that are required at the time should be established. In most cases, very few positions within the command structure will need to be activated. For example, a single fire truck at a dumpster fire will have the officer filling the role of IC, with no other roles required. As more trucks get added to a larger incident, more roles will be delegated to other officers and the Incident Commander (IC) role will probably be handed to a more-senior officer.
Only in the largest and most complex operations would the full ICS organization be staffed.[12] Conversely, as an incident scales down, roles will be merged back up the tree until there is just the IC role remaining.
Span of control[edit]
To limit the number of responsibilities and resources being managed by any individual, the ICS requires that any single person's span of control should be between three and seven individuals, with five being ideal. In other words, one manager should have no more than seven people working under them at any given time. If more than seven resources are being managed by an individual, then that individual is being overloaded and the command structure needs to be expanded by delegating responsibilities (e.g. by defining new sections, divisions, or task forces). If fewer than three, then the position's authority can probably be absorbed by the next highest rung in the chain of command.[12]
One of the benefits of the ICS is that it allows a way to coordinate a set of organizations who may otherwise work together sporadically. While much training material emphasizes the hierarchical aspects of the ICS, it can also be seen as an inter-organizational network of responders. These network qualities allow the ICS flexibility and expertise of a range of organizations. But the network aspects of the ICS also create management challenges. One study of ICS after-action reports found that ICS tended to enjoy higher coordination when there was strong pre-existing trust and working relationships between members, but struggled when authority of the ICS was contested and when the networks of responders was highly diverse.[13] Coordination on any incident or event is facilitated with the implementation of the following concepts:
Incident Action Plans[edit]
Incident action plans (IAPs) ensures cohesion amongst anyone involved toward strictly set goals. These goals are set for specific operational periods. They provide supervisors with direct action plans to communicate incident objectives to both operational and support personnel. They include measurable, strategic objectives set for achievement within a time frame (also known as an operational period) which is usually 12 hours but can be any length of time. Hazardous material incidents (hazmat) must be written,[14] and are prepared by the planning section, but other incident reports can be both verbal and/or written.
The consolidated IAP is a very important component of the ICS that reduces freelancing and ensures a coordinated response. At the simplest level, all incident action plans must have four elements:
- What do we want to do?
- Who is responsible for doing it?
- How do we communicate with each other?
- What is the procedure if someone is injured?
The content of the IAP is organized by a number of standardized ICS forms that allow for accurate and precise documentation of an incident.[15]
FEMA ICS forms[edit]
- ICS 201 – Incident Briefing
- ICS 202 – Incident Objectives
- ICS 203 – Organization Assignment List
- ICS 204 – Assignment List
- ICS 205 – Incident Radio Communications Plan
- ICS 205A – Communications List
- ICS 206 – Medical Plan
- ICS 207 – Incident Organization Chart
- ICS 208 – Safety Message/Plan
- ICS 209 – Incident Summary
- ICS 210 – Resource Status Change
- ICS 211 – Incident Check-In List
- ICS 213 – General Message
- ICS 214 – Activity Log
- ICS 215 – Operational Planning Worksheet
- ICS 215A – Incident Action Plan Safety Analysis
- ICS 218 – Support Vehicle/Equipment Inventory
- ICS 219 – Resource Status Cards (T-Cards)
- ICS 220 – Air Operations Summary Worksheet
- ICS 221 – Demobilization Check-Out
- ICS 225 – Incident Personnel Performance Rating
Comprehensive resource management[edit]
Comprehensive resource management is a key management principle that implies that all assets and personnel during an event need to be tracked and accounted for. It can also include processes for reimbursement for resources, as appropriate. Resource management includes processes for:
- Categorizing resources
- Ordering resources
- Dispatching resources
- Tracking resources
- Recovering resources
Comprehensive resource management ensures that visibility is maintained over all resources so they can be moved quickly to support the preparation and response to an incident, and ensuring a graceful demobilization. It also applies to the classification of resources by type and kind, and the categorization of resources by their status.
- Assigned resources are those that are working on a field assignment under the direction of a supervisor.
- Available resources are those that are ready for deployment(staged), but have not been assigned to a field assignment.
- Out-of-service resources are those that are not in either the "available" or "assigned" categories. Resources can be "out-of-service" for a variety of reasons including: resupplying after a sortie (most common), shortfall in staffing, personnel taking a rest, damaged or inoperable.
T-Cards (ICS 219, Resource Status Card) are most commonly used to track these resources. The cards are placed in T-Card racks located at an Incident Command Post for easy updating and visual tracking of resource status.
Integrated communications[edit]
Developing an integrated voice and data communications system, including equipment, systems, and protocols, must occur prior to an incident.
Effective ICS communications include three elements:
- Modes: The "hardware" systems that transfer information.
- Planning: Planning for the use of all available communications resources.
- Networks: The procedures and processes for transferring information internally and externally.
Incident commander[edit]
- Single incident commander – Most incidents involve a single incident commander. In these incidents, a single person commands the incident response and is the decision-making final authority.
- Unified command – A unified command involves two or more individuals sharing the authority normally held by a single incident commander. Unified command is used on larger incidents usually when multiple agencies or multiple jurisdictions are involved. A Unified command typically includes a command representative from major involved agencies and/or jurisdictions with one from that group to act as the spokesman, though not designated as an Incident Commander. A Unified Command acts as a single entity. It is important to note, that in Unified Command the command representatives will appoint a single operations section chief.[16]
- Area command – During multiple-incident situations, an area command may be established to provide for incident commanders at separate locations. Generally, an area commander will be assigned – a single person – and the area command will operate as a logistical and administrative support. Area commands usually do not include an operations function.
Command staff[edit]
- Safety officer – The safety officer monitors safety conditions and develops measures for assuring the safety of all assigned personnel.[17]
- Public information officer – The public information officer (PIO or IO) serves as the conduit for information to and from internal and external stakeholders, including the media or other organizations seeking information directly from the incident or event. While less often discussed, the public information officer is also responsible for ensuring that an incident's command staff are kept apprised as to what is being said or reported about an incident. This allows public questions to be addressed, rumors to be managed, and ensures that other such public relations issues are not overlooked.[18]
- Liaison officer – A liaison serves as the primary contact for supporting agencies assisting at an incident.[19]
General staff[edit]
- Operations section chief: Tasked with directing all actions to meet the incident objectives.
- Planning section chief: Tasked with the collection and display of incident information, primarily consisting of the status of all resources and overall status of the incident.
- Finance/administration section chief: Tasked with tracking incident-related costs, personnel records, requisitions, and administrating procurement contracts required by Logistics.
- Logistics section chief: Tasked with providing all resources, services, and support required by the incident.
200-Level ICS[edit]
At the ICS 200 level, the function of Information and Intelligence is added to the standard ICS staff as an option. This role is unique in ICS as it can be arranged in multiple ways based on the judgement of the Incident Commander and needs of the incident. The three possible arrangements are:
- Information & intelligence officer, a position on the command staff.
- Information & intelligence section, a section headed by an information & intelligence section chief, a general staff position.
- Information & intelligence branch, headed by an information & intelligence branch director, this branch is a part of the planning section.
300-Level ICS[edit]
At the ICS 300 level, the focus is on entry-level management of small-scale, all-hazards incidents with emphasis on the scalability of ICS. It acts as an introduction to the utilization of more than one agency and the possibility of numerous operational periods. It also involves an introduction to the emergency operations center.[20]
400-Level ICS[edit]
At the ICS 400 level, the focus is on large, complex incidents. Topics covered include the characteristics of incident complexity, the approaches to dividing an incident into manageable components, the establishment of an "area command", and the multi-agency coordination system (MACS).
ICS is organized by levels, with the supervisor of each level holding a unique title (e.g. only a person in charge of a section is labeled "chief"; a "director" is exclusively the person in charge of a branch). Levels (supervising person's title) are:
- Incident commander
- Command staff member (officer) - command staff
- Section (chief) - general staff
- Branch (director)
- Division (supervisor) – A division is a unit arranged by geography, along jurisdictional lines if necessary, and not based on the makeup of the resources within the division.
- Group (supervisor) – A group is a unit arranged for a purpose, along agency lines if necessary, or based on the makeup of the resources within the group.
- Unit, team, or force (leader) – Such as "communications unit," "medical strike team," or a "reconnaissance task force." A strike team is composed of same resources (four ambulances, for instance) while a task force is composed of different types of resources (one ambulance, two fire trucks, and a police car, for instance).
- Individual resource. This is the smallest level within ICS and usually refers to a single person or piece of equipment. It can refer to a piece of equipment and operator, and less often to multiple people working together.
ICS uses a standard set of facility nomenclature. ICS facilities include: pre-designated incident facilities: Response operations can form a complex structure that must be held together by response personnel working at different and often widely separate incident facilities. These facilities can include:
- Incident command post (ICP): The ICP is the location where the incident commander operates during response operations. There is only one ICP for each incident or event, but it may change locations during the event. Every incident or event must have some form of an incident command post. The ICP may be located in a vehicle, trailer, tent, or within a building. The ICP will be positioned outside of the present and potential hazard zone but close enough to the incident to maintain command. The ICP will be designated by the name of the incident, e.g., Trail Creek ICP.
- Staging area: Can be a location at or near an incident scene where tactical response resources are stored while they await assignment. Resources in staging area are under the control status. Staging areas should be located close enough to the incident for a timely response, but far enough away to be out of the immediate impact zone. There may be more than one staging area at an incident. Staging areas can be collocated with the ICP, bases, camps, helibases, or helispots.
- A base is the location from which primary logistics and administrative functions are coordinated and administered. The base may be collocated with the incident command post. There is only one base per incident, and it is designated by the incident name. The base is established and managed by the logistics section. The resources in the base are always out-of-service.
- Camps: Locations, often temporary, within the general incident area that are equipped and staffed to provide sleeping, food, water, sanitation, and other services to response personnel that are too far away to use base facilities. Other resources may also be kept at a camp to support incident operations if a base is not accessible to all resources. Camps are designated by geographic location or number. Multiple camps may be used, but not all incidents will have camps.
- A helibase is the location from which helicopter-centered air operations are conducted. Helibases are generally used on a more long-term basis and include such services as fueling and maintenance. The helibase is usually designated by the name of the incident, e.g. Trail Creek helibase.
- Helispots are more temporary locations at the incident, where helicopters can safely land and take off. Multiple helispots may be used.
Each facility has unique location, space, equipment, materials, and supplies requirements that are often difficult to address, particularly at the outset of response operations. For this reason, responders should identify, pre-designate and pre-plan the layout of these facilities, whenever possible.
On large or multi-level incidents, higher-level support facilities may be activated. These could include:
- Emergency operations center (EOC): An emergency operations center is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization. An EOC is responsible for the strategic overview, or "big picture", of the disaster, and does not normally directly control field assets, instead making operational decisions and leaving tactical decisions to lower commands. The common functions of all EOC's is to collect, gather and analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property, maintain continuity of the organization, within the scope of applicable laws; and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and individuals. In most EOC's there is one individual in charge, and that is the Emergency Manager.
- Joint information center (JIC): A JIC is the facility whereby an incident, agency, or jurisdiction can support media representatives. Often co-located – even permanently designated – in a community or state EOC the JIC provides the location for interface between the media and the PIO. Most often the JIC also provides both space and technical assets (Internet, telephone, power) necessary for the media to perform their duties. A JIC very often becomes the "face" of an incident as it is where press releases are made available as well as where many broadcast media outlets interview incident staff. It is not uncommon for a permanently established JIC to have a window overlooking an EOC and/or a dedicated background showing agency logos or other symbols for televised interviews. The National Response Coordination Center (NRCC) at FEMA has both, for example, allowing televised interviews to show action in the NRCC behind the interviewer/interviewee while an illuminated "Department of Homeland Security" sign, prominently placed on the far wall of the NRCC, is thus visible during such interviews.
- Joint operations center (JOC): A JOC is usually pre-established, often operated 24/7/365, and allows multiple agencies to have a dedicated facility for assigning staff to interface and interact with their counterparts from other agencies. Although frequently called something other than a JOC, many locations and jurisdictions have such centers, often where Federal, state, and/or local agencies (often law enforcement) meet to exchange strategic information and develop and implement tactical plans. Large mass gathering events, such as a presidential inauguration, will also utilize JOC-type facilities although they are often not identified as such or their existence even publicized.
- Multiple agency coordination center (MACC): The MACC is a central command and control facility responsible for the strategic, or "big picture" of a disaster. A MACC is often used when multiple incidents are occurring in one area or are particularly complex for various reasons such as when scarce resources must be allocated across multiple requests. Personnel within the MACC use multi-agency coordination to guide their operations. The MACC coordinates activities between multiple agencies and incidents and does not normally directly control field assets, but makes strategic decisions and leaves tactical decisions to individual agencies. The common functions of all MACC's is to collect, gather and analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property, maintain continuity of the government or corporation, within the scope of applicable laws; and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and individuals. While often similar to an EOC, the MACC is a separate entity with a defined area or mission and lifespan whereas an EOC is a permanently established facility and operation for a political jurisdiction or agency. EOCs often, but not always, follow the general ICS principles but may utilize other structures or management (such as an emergency support function (ESF) or hybrid ESF/ICS model) schemas. For many jurisdictions the EOC is where elected officials will be located during an emergency and, like a MACC, supports but does not command an incident.
ICS uses a standard set of equipment nomenclature. ICS equipment include:
- Tanker – This is an aircraft that carries fuel (fuel tanker) or water (water tanker).
- Tender – Like a tanker, but a ground vehicle, also carrying fuel (fuel tender), water (water tender), or even fire fighting foam (foam tender).
The importance of access to computer systems is becoming more common within the advancements to technology and to support the standardised approach to incident and emergency response. Commonly referred to within the Command and Control structure within United States Army, computers and computer-based systems allow responders to interface with each other to have access to the latest information for decision making. See Incident Command Post (ICP) for more information.
Type and kind[edit]
The "type" of resource describes the size or capability of a resource. For instance, a 50 kW (for a generator) or a 3-ton (for a truck). Types are designed to be categorized as "Type 1" through "Type 5" formally, but in live incidents more specific information may be used.
The "kind" of resource describes what the resource is. For instance, generator or a truck. The "type" of resource describes a performance capability for a kind of resource for instance,
In both type and kind, the objective must be included in the resource request. This is done to widen the potential resource response. As an example, a resource request for a small aircraft for aerial reconnaissance of a search and rescue scene may be satisfied by a National Guard OH-58 Kiowa helicopter (type & kind: rotary-wing aircraft, Type II/III) or by a Civil Air Patrol Cessna 182 (type & kind: fixed-wing aircraft, Type I). In this example, requesting only a fixed-wing or a rotary-wing, or requesting by type may prevent the other resource's availability from being known.
Command transfer[edit]
A role of responsibility can be transferred during an incident for several reasons: As the incident grows a more qualified person is required to take over as Incident Commander to handle the ever-growing needs of the incident, or in reverse where as an incident reduces in size command can be passed down to a less qualified person (but still qualified to run the now-smaller incident) to free up highly qualified resources for other tasks or incidents. Other reasons to transfer command include jurisdictional change if the incident moves locations or area of responsibility, or normal turnover of personnel due to extended incidents. The transfer of command process always includes a transfer of command briefing, which may be oral, written, or a combination of both.
See also[edit]
- Community Emergency Response Team
- Federal Emergency Management Agency
- Gold–silver–bronze command structure
- Incident Management Team
- National Incident Management System
- National Response Framework
- Search and rescue
- ^ "Glossary: Simplified Guide to the Incident Command System for Transportation Professionals". Federal Highway Administration, Office of Operations. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
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- ^ "EMSI: A Working History of the Incident Command System". Emergency Management Services International (EMSI). Retrieved 13 January 2016.
- ^ "Hazardous waste operations and emergency response". Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
- ^ Jamieson, Gil (May 2005). "Nims and the Incident Command System". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings. 2005 (1): 291–294. doi:10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-291.
- ^ "Alberta Health Services website on ICS". Archived from the original on 15 November 2009. Retrieved 14 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d e Emergency management Institute. "IS-200: ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents". 29 November 2007 Archived 14 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Moynihan, Donald. "The Network Governance of Crisis Response: Case Studies of Incident Command Systems (2009)" (PDF). Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19: 895–915.
- ^ "40 CFR 1910.120(q)(1)".
- ^ "National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS) Forms Booklet" (PDF). www.fema.gov. Federal Emergency Management Agency. September 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
- ^ National Incident Management System – December 2008 Page 51
- ^ Federal Emergency Management Agency "FEMA Taskbooks", FEMA, 28 October 2010, accessed 11 December 2010.
- ^ Federal Emergency Management Agency "FEMA Glossary", FEMA, 28 October 2010, accessed 11 December 2010.
- ^ Federal Emergency Management Agency "FEMA Glossary", FEMA, 28 October 2010, accessed 11 December 2010.
- ^ Decker, Russell (1 October 2011). "Acceptance and utilisation of the Incident Command System in first response and allied disciplines: An Ohio study". Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning. Henry Stewart Publications. 5 (3): 224–230. PMID 22130340. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
External links[edit]
- Federal Emergency Management National Incident Management System
- UN Wildfire Working Group report recommending use of ICS
- FEMA Incident Command Resource Center
- Embracing the Incident Command System Above and Beyond Theory, FBI


text:
Powerball (Australia) winning numbers for Thursday, May 16, 2013 are
4, 23, 24, 26, 31, 40. The Powerball number is 13.
Powerball is a Australian national lottery game, administered by Tattersall"s. Powerball is drawn weekly at 8:30pm (AEDT) on Thursday nights. Entries close Thursday 6:30pm (AEDT). Six numbers are drawn from a barrel of 40 numbers and one Powerball number is drawn from a barrel of 20 numbers.
Check previous draw results at PortalSeven.com/lottery/. Get more information on the Powerball (Australia) winning numbers, number frequencies, historical numbers, hot & cold numbers :
- Previous Results
- Number Search
- Number Frequency
- Official Powerball (Australia) website
- More on Powerball (Australia)


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0 thoughts on "Coffee"
Ed YoungJune 5, 2020 at 4:34 pm
My wife and I will be traveling to Albuquerque for the 2020 Balloon Fiesta.
We are interested in a private Breaking Bad tour October 4th, 5th, or 6th, afternoon probably better but are flexible.
We will be staying at the Airport Sheraton.
The tour would be only for the two of us, I am a senior but she is not.
Would this be something you could do and:
1. Would you pick up from hotel or where?
2. How long would the tour be?
3. We are both photographers, would photo stops be acceptable?
4. What type of vehicle would we tour in?
5. What would be the total cost?
Thank you for your time.


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Fritz Reiner
born on 19/12/1888 in Budapest, Mittelungarn, Hungary
died on 15/11/1963 in New York City, NY, United States
Fritz Reiner
- The native form of this personal name is Reiner Frederick Martin "Fritz". This article uses the Western name order.
Frederick Martin "Fritz" Reiner (December 19, 1888 November 15, 1963) was a prominent conductor of opera and symphonic music in the twentieth century. Hungarian born and trained, he emigrated to the United States in 1922, where he rose to prominence as a conductor with several orchestras. He reached the pinnacle of his career while music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in the 1950s and early 1960s.
Life and career
Reiner was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary into a secular Jewish family that resided in the Pest area of the city. After preliminary studies in law at his fathers urging, Reiner pursued the study of piano, piano pedagogy, and composition at the Franz Liszt Academy. During his last two years there, his piano teacher was the young Béla Bartók. After early engagements at opera houses in Budapest and Dresden, where he worked closely with Richard Strauss, he moved to the United States of America in 1922 to take the post of Principal Conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. He remained until 1931, having become a naturalized citizen in 1928, then began to teach at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where his pupils included Leonard Bernstein and Lukas Foss. He conducted the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra from 1938 to 1948 and made a few recordings with them for Columbia Records, then spent several years at the Metropolitan Opera, where he conducted a historic production of Strauss's Salome in 1949, with the Bulgarian soprano Ljuba Welitsch in the title role, and the American premiere of Igor Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress in 1951. He also conducted and made a recording of the famous 1952 Metropolitan Opera production of Bizet's Carmen, starring Rise Stevens. The production was telecast on closed circuit television that year. At the time of his death he was preparing the Met's new production of Wagners Götterdämmerung.
In 1947, Reiner appeared on camera in the film Carnegie Hall, in which he conducted the New York Philharmonic Orchestra as they accompanied violinist Jascha Heifetz in an abbreviated version of the first movement of Tchaikovsky's violin concerto. Ten years later, Heifetz and Reiner recorded the full Tchaikovsky concerto in stereo for RCA Victor in Chicago.
Reiner's music-making had been largely American-focused since his arrival in Cincinnati. But after the Second World War he began markedly increasing his European activity. When he became music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1953 he had an international reputation. By common consent, the ten years that he spent in Chicago mark the pinnacle of his career, and are best-remembered today through the many recordings he made in Chicago's Orchestra Hall for RCA Victor from 1954 to 1963. The first of theseof Ein Heldenleben by Richard Straussoccurred on March 6, 1954 and was among RCA's first to use stereophonic sound. His last concerts in Chicago took place in the spring of 1963.
One of his last recordings, released in a special Reader's Digest boxed set, was a performance of Brahms' Fourth Symphony, recorded with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in October 1962 in London's Kingsway Hall. This recording was later reissued on LP by Quintessence and on CD by Chesky. On September 13 and 16, 1963, Reiner conducted a group of New York musicians in Haydn's Symphony No. 101 in D major; this was followed by September 18 and 20, 1963, sessions devoted to Haydn's Symphony No. 95 in C minor.[1]
He also appeared with members of the Chicago Symphony in a series of telecasts on Chicago's WGN-TV in 1953-54, and a later series of nationally syndicated programs called Music from Chicago. Some of these performances have been issued on DVD. The videos clearly show his stern, disciplined demeanor, but at the conclusion of a piece, Reiner would turn to the audience and smile at them as he bowed.
Personal life
Reiner was married three times (one of them to a daughter of Etelka Gerster) and had three daughters. His health deteriorated after a heart attack in October 1960. He died in New York City on November 15, 1963, at the age of 74.
Repertoire and style
Reiner was especially noted as an interpreter of Richard Strauss and Bartók and was often seen as a modernist in his musical taste; he and his compatriot Joseph Szigeti convinced Serge Koussevitzky to commission the Concerto for Orchestra from Bartók. In reality, he had a very wide repertory and was known to admire Mozart's music above all else.
Reiners conducting technique was defined by its precision and economy, in the manner of Arthur Nikisch and Arturo Toscanini. It typically employed quite small gestures it has been said that the beat indicated by the tip of his baton could be contained in the area of a postage stamp although from the perspective of the players it was extremely expressive. The response he drew from orchestras was one of astonishing richness, brilliance, and clarity of texture. Igor Stravinsky called the Chicago Symphony under Reiner "the most precise and flexible orchestra in the world"; it was more often than not achieved with tactics that bordered on the personally abusive, as Kenneth Morgan documents in 2005 biography of the conductor. Chicago musicians have spoken of Reiner's autocratic methods; trumpeter Adolph Herseth told National Public Radio that Reiner often tested him and other musicians.[2]
- Philip Hart, Fritz Reiner: A Biography, Northwestern UP, Jan 1, 1997, p. 280.
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
- Hart, Philip (1994). Fritz Reiner: A Biography, Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
- Morgan, Kenneth (2005). Fritz Reiner: Maestro & Martinet, Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
External links
- Fritz Reiner at All Music Guide
- Fritz Reiner, Conductor from Robert Meyer, Musical Reminiscences
- On Fritz Reiner marriage
|Dresden Staatskapelle Principal Conductors
Julius Rietz (1874) Franz Wüllner (1877) Ernst von Schuch (1884) Fritz Reiner (1914) Fritz Busch (1922) Karl Böhm (1934) Karl Elmendorff (1943) Joseph Keilberth (1945) Rudolf Kempe (1949) Franz Konwitschny (1953) Lovro von Matai (1956) Otmar Suitner (1960) Kurt Sanderling (1964) Martin Turnovský (1966) Herbert Blomstedt (1975) Hans Vonk (1985) Giuseppe Sinopoli (1992) Bernard Haitink (2002) Fabio Luisi (2007)
|Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra Music Directors
|Frank Van der Stucken (1895) Leopold Stokowski (1909) Ernst Kunwald (1912) Eugène Ysaÿe (1918) Fritz Reiner (1922) Eugene Goossens (1931) Thor Johnson (1947) Max Rudolf (1958) Thomas Schippers (1970) Walter Susskind (1978) Michael Gielen (1980) Jesús López-Cobos (1986) Paavo Järvi (2001)
|Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra Music Directors
|Frederic Archer (1896) Victor Herbert (1898) Emil Paur (1904) Antonio Modarelli (1930) Fritz Reiner (1938) William Steinberg (1952) André Previn (1976) Lorin Maazel (1988) Mariss Jansons (1996) Andrew Davis (2005)
|Chicago Symphony Orchestra Music Directors
|Theodore Thomas (1891) Frederick Stock (1905) Désiré Defauw (1943) Artur Rodziski (1947) Rafael Kubelík (1950) Fritz Reiner (1953) Jean Martinon (1963) Irwin Hoffman (1968) Georg Solti (1969) Daniel Barenboim (1991)
This article uses material from the article Fritz Reiner from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia and it is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.


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Brown scores 28 as Illinois State upsets Northern Iowa 73-65 in MVC quarterfinals
ST. LOUIS – Tyler Brown had 28 points and nine rebounds as Illinois State knocked off Northern Iowa 73-65 in the quarterfinals of the Missouri Valley Conference tournament Friday night.
The sixth-seeded Redbirds (18-14) twice built big leads and held on to beat third-seeded Northern Iowa (18-14) for the first time in three meetings this season.
Jackie Carmichael added 15 points, 10 rebounds and five blocks for Illinois State, which will meet No. 2 seed Wichita State in Saturday's semifinals.
Northern Iowa got 16 points from Marc Sonnen, 15 from Anthony James and 14 from Jake Koch.
Illinois State led by 15 points in the first half before the Panthers closed the half on a 24-8 run to take a 35-34 at the intermission. In the second half, the Redbirds built a 60-50 lead with 7:03 remaining. Northern Iowa cut it to 62-60 with 4:17 remaining, but Brown then scored six points during an 8-0 run to put the game away.


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Set Cubed
Set Cubed is a curious game of clever connections, challenging a player's ability to identify SETs between the dice in their hand and those already on the board. Players can play up to 3 dice per turn making as many SETs as possible. Create SETs up, down and across the board, the more SETs you create, the higher your score. As the number of dice on the board increase so do the possible SET combinations. Rack up points by using BONUS SQUARES! Roll a WILD dice and unleash the possible number of SETs that can be made during your turn! How many SETs can you make?! The player with the most points wins!"
Based on Set.


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Product Description
Each wand is hand crafted from real wood. The process of making the wands takes 11 months from start to finish. Each wand has been created using several trade secret processes to make them perfect for professional levitations. Made from real wood, hand sanded, stained, and poly coated 3 times, hand sanding between each coat. In the end creating an ultra light, heavy looking, red mahogony, and brass tipped proffesional wand.
Each wand is digitally weighed before, during and after the process to ensure a superior ultra light finished product, weighing on average only 5 grams. That's less than an american quarter ($0.25 cent piece weighs 5.6 grams). This is a collectors item that will treasured for years to come. Many magicians from around the world bought 2. One for performance and one to keep as a beautiful collectors piece.
The Ultimate Wand Levitation includes your Floating Wizard Wand; Wooden WandZ Box, lined with red satin and custom fit; (1) Instructional DVD with 17 teaching videos explaining all the moves you can do with your floating wand; and a Levitation Kit (fully loaded with everything you need to get started right away.)


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We Catholics know that what was not assumed, was not redeemed (St. Gregory of Nazianzus). Our humanity, body and soul, was taken by the Son into an unbreakable bond with His divinity. When Christ rose from the tomb, our humanity rose in Him. When He ascended to heaven, so also did we. In Christ our humanity now sits at the Father's right hand. His presence there is our great promise and hope. It is already fulfilled, but not yet in its fullness. That hope informs our trials in this life.
Concede, quaesumus, omnipotens Deus: ut, qui hodierna die Unigenitum tuum Redemptorem nostrum ad caelos ascendisse credimus; ipsi quoque mente in caelestibus habitemus.
Our hard working Lewis & Short Dictionary can have a little rest today, I think. There is nothing especially noteworthy in the vocabulary. Let us therefore move on to a straight-forward…
Grant, we beseech You, Almighty God,
that we, who believe Your Only Begotten Son our Redeemer
to have ascended on this day to heaven,
may ourselves also dwell in mind amongst heavenly things.
Bl. Abbot Columba Marmion, OSB (+1923), wrote in Christ in His Mysteries that "of all the feasts of Our Lord … the Ascension is the greatest, because it is the supreme glorification of Christ Jesus."
Then, speaking about the very Collect we are looking at today, Bl. Columba says,
"This prayer first of all testifies to our faith in the mystery in recalling the title 'Only-begotten Son' and 'Redeemer', given to Jesus, the Church shows forth the reasons for the celestial exaltation of her Bridegroom;—she finally denotes the grace therein contained for our souls. … The mystery of Jesus Christ's Ascension is represented to us in a manner suitable to our nature: we contemplate the Sacred Humanity rising from the earth and ascending visibly towards the heavens."
Of course it is not only Christ's humanity but our humanity that ascended into heaven.
Preaching on 1 June 444 St. Pope Leo I "the Great" said,
"Truly it was a great and indescribable source of rejoicing when, in the sight of the heavenly multitudes, the nature of our human race ascended over the dignity of all heavenly creatures, to pass the angelic orders and to be raised beyond the heights of archangels. In its ascension it did not stop at any other height until this same nature was received at the seat of the eternal Father, to be associated on the throne of the glory of that One to whose nature it was joined in the Son."
Leo says in another sermon of 17 May 445,
"This Faith, reinforced by the Ascension of the Lord and strengthened by the gift of the Holy Spirit, has not been terrified by chains, by prison, by exile, by hunger, by fire, by the mangling of wild beasts, nor by sharp suffering from the cruelty of persecutors. Throughout the world, not only men but also women, not just immature boys but also tender virgins, have struggled on behalf of this Faith even to the shedding of their blood. This Faith has cast out demons, driven away sicknesses, and raised the dead."
The knowledge that our humanity is now enjoying heaven can work wonders for us in the hour of need. Keep this in mind in time of trial.
When the Lord ascended to heaven He did not lose touch with us His people in this vale of tears. St. Augustine in s. 341 talks about Christ's presence in every word of Scripture as Word equal to the Father; or as the mediator in the flesh dwelling in our midst; or Christ as the Head and Body together as in a spousal relationship, Christ and His Church intimately bound.
This means that Christ is not insensible to our sufferings. Our faith in this unbreakable bond of Head and Body calls us to be clean and worthy of this saving intimacy.


text: [Mr. Kim] and [John Sarik] made a presentation(pdf) at last weekend's Botacon conference on how they made organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). A wooden RepRap, the fancifully named Unicorn from Makerbot (or printed from Thingiverse), hacked felt pen, a handful of chemicals, and a couple of pieces of lab equipment were needed to print (plot) out transistors. We were unable to attend the conference, so this is what we inferred from the slides. Silver ink is printed onto a glass slide to form the gate regions, cured and partially masked-off. A layer of CP1 Resin is spin-coated onto the slide to form the dielectric barrier between the gate and the semiconductor, the drain, and source regions. Silver ink is once again used, this time to print out the drain and source regions. The last thing printed is P3HT dissolved in toluene to form the semiconductor region. It would be interesting to see this process modified so that all coatings and curing can be done without removing the slide from the printer.


text:
How Long does Cocaine Withdrawal Last?
Find Fast
Cocaine withdrawal is not as intense as withdrawal from other drugs, but it does come with its own set of challenges.
Withdrawal from certain substances, like alcohol and benzodiazepines, can involve severe physical withdrawal symptoms; however, cocaine detox brings most psychological withdrawal symptoms.
- Difficulty concentrating
- Fatigue or exhaustion
- Anhedonia, or the inability to feel pleasure
- Inability to experience sexual arousal
- Depression or anxiety
- Physical symptoms, such as chills, tremors, muscle aches, and nerve pain
- Suicidal thoughts or actions
- Increased craving for cocaine
- Increased appetite
- Vivid, unpleasant dreams or nightmares
- Slowed activity, or physical fatigue after activity
- Slower thinking
- Restlessness
When Is Medical Detox Necessary?While cocaine detox can often be completed on an outpatient basis, medical detox is recommended in some instances. If a person has relapsed during past withdrawal attempts, the 24-hour supervision afforded by medical detox is recommended. In addition, if the person suffers from any co-occurring mental health disorder, medical detox followed by comprehensive inpatient addiction treatment is recommended.
One of the most problematic potential withdrawal symptoms is an increased risk of suicide. People who attempt to stop cocaine use after addiction has taken hold can suffer from intense depression and mood swings, including thoughts of suicide. With regular cocaine use, their brains have grown accustomed to a continual flood of "happy" neurotransmitters. Since cocaine prevents dopamine from being reabsorbed, per the National Institute on Drug Abuse, dopamine then floods the brain, resulting in the "high" associated with cocaine use. When the brain no longer experiences that euphoric high, depression can set in.
If a person has any history of depression or suicidal thoughts, medical detox is generally recommended to ensure safety throughout the withdrawal process.
Withdrawal Timeline
Withdrawal symptoms from cocaine typically resolve after about 7-10 days. However, like with many drugs, cravings for cocaine can occur suddenly, years after individuals have purged cocaine from their bodies.
Cocaine has a very short half-life for a drug, so withdrawal symptoms can begin as soon as 90 minutes after the last dose. The timeline for withdrawal symptoms varies depending on the individual. Here are some factors that may influence the timeline for cocaine withdrawal:
- Length of use: For people who abuse cocaine for a short period of time, withdrawal symptoms are more likely be shorter in duration. People who have used cocaine for years may continue to suffer lingering withdrawal symptoms for weeks, due to a buildup of the drug in their bodies.
- Size of dose: People who used large amounts of cocaine will likely suffer withdrawal symptoms for a longer period of time because their brains are used to experiencing a longer or more intense "high."
- Drug purity: When a drug is "cut" with fillers, the user actually takes in less of the drug. For people who used very pure cocaine, withdrawal symptoms may last longer.
- Environment: If cocaine was used a means of escape from a stressful environment, stress may trigger the urge to use again. As a result, environmental factors that lead to stress – such as relationship issues, work troubles, or other factors – may lead to intense cravings for cocaine, complicating the psychological withdrawal process.
- Co-occurring mental health disorder: If an individual suffers from any co-occurring mental health disorder, such as depression, anxiety, an eating disorder, or personality disorder, the withdrawal process from cocaine will be complicated. The same is true for those suffering from polydrug addictions. Oftentimes, the withdrawal timeline is lengthened as a result.
Medications and Treatments for Cocaine WithdrawalCurrently, there are no FDA-approved medications to specifically treat cocaine withdrawal. However, there are some promising medications that may help individuals overcome cocaine addiction and work through withdrawal symptoms. Some medical research on animals has shown that both buprenorphine and naltrexone may offer some assistance for people in cocaine withdrawal. Both of these medications are approved to treat other types of addictions, but findings relevant to cocaine abuse and addiction are in the very early stages.
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Book VII - Chapter XXXI - How Sir Gareth came to a castle where he was well lodged, and he jousted with a knight and slew him.
THEN Sir Gareth rode unto the barbican of the castle, and prayed the porter fair to let him into the castle. The porter answered ungoodly again, and said, Thou gettest no lodging here. Fair sir, say not so, for I am a knight of King Arthur's, and pray the lord or the lady of this castle to give me harbour for the love of King Arthur. Then the porter went unto the duchess, and told her how there was a knight of King Arthur's would have harbour. Let him in, said the duchess, for I will see that knight, and for King Arthur's sake he shall not be harbourless. Then she yode up into a tower over the gate, with great torchlight.
When Sir Gareth saw that torch-light he cried on high: Whether thou be lord or lady, giant or champion, I take no force so that I may have harbour this night; and if it so be that I must needs fight, spare me not to-morn when I have rested me, for both I and mine horse be weary. Sir knight, said the lady, thou speakest knightly and boldly; but wit thou well the lord of this castle loveth not King Arthur, nor none of his court, for my lord hath ever been against him; and therefore thou were better not to come within this castle; for an thou come in this night, thou must come in under such form, that wheresomever thou meet my lord, by stigh or by street, thou must yield thee to him as prisoner. Madam, said Sir Gareth, what is your lord, and what is his name? Sir, my lord's name is the Duke de la Rowse. Well madam, said Sir Gareth, I shall promise you in what place I meet your lord I shall yield me unto him and to his good grace; with that I understand he will do me no harm: and if I understand that he will, I will release myself an I can with my spear and my sword. Ye say well, said the duchess; and then she let the drawbridge down, and so he rode into the hall, and there he alighted, and his horse was led into a stable; and in the hall he unarmed him and said, Madam, I will not out of this hall this night; and when it is daylight, let see who will have ado with me, he shall find me ready. Then was he set unto supper, and had many good dishes. Then Sir Gareth list well to eat, and knightly he ate his meat, and eagerly; there was many a fair lady by him, and some said they never saw a goodlier man nor so well of eating. Then they made him passing good cheer, and shortly when he had supped his bed was made there; so he rested him all night.
And on the morn he heard mass, and brake his fast and took his leave at the duchess, and at them all; and thanked her goodly of her lodging, and of his good cheer; and then she asked him his name. Madam, he said, truly my name is Gareth of Orkney, and some men call me Beaumains. Then knew she well it was the same knight that fought for Dame Lionesse. So Sir Gareth departed and rode up into a mountain, and there met him a knight, his name was Sir Bendelaine, and said to Sir Gareth: Thou shalt not pass this way, for either thou shalt joust with me, or else be my prisoner. Then will I joust, said Sir Gareth. And so they let their horses run, and there Sir Gareth smote him throughout the body; and Sir Bendelaine rode forth to his castle there beside, and there died. So Sir Gareth would have rested him, and he came riding to Bendelaine's castle. Then his knights and servants espied that it was he that had slain their lord. Then they armed twenty good men, and came out and assailed Sir Gareth; and so he had no spear, but his sword, and put his shield afore him; and there they brake their spears upon him, and they assailed him passingly sore. But ever Sir Gareth defended him as a knight.


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The Roku setup of content "channels" like Netflix, YouTube, and Rdio, as well as the customizable home screen, remain largely unchanged in the new sets. Since the TVs have to handle other inputs, the interface also treats other connected devices (a cable set-top box or a console, for instance) as selectable "channels" on the home screen. If the connected devices are powered on, the TV can show a live preview of what is currently playing within the selected channel box.
The Roku TVs will be packaged with a Roku-style remote, which eliminates most of the interface-tweaking buttons found on a standard TV remote. Instead, there are directional buttons that handle menus, which are curated so that the most commonly tweaked settings get the best placement, according to Roku's research. If users dig deeper, they can find the more granular display settings and other features that TV remotes usually let viewers access with a button press.
As for standalone Roku devices, users can also turn a smartphone into a remote for the Roku TV using the Android, iOS, or Windows app. The Roku TV cannot connect to keyboards or other Bluetooth devices, but they can be programmed to use with universal remotes. As promised back in January, Roku will handle all the software updates to the TVs without going through the manufacturers. Because of this, the TVs do not power off by default; instead, they go into a sleep mode such that they can receive and install software updates without user interaction. Like the other Roku products, the venture is supported in part by ads on the home screen for certain apps.
The TCL Roku TVs will be released in 32-, 40-, 48-, and 55-inch sizes ranging in price from $229 to $649. Hisense's Roku TVs will come in 40-, 48-, 50-, and 55-inch sizes with no suggested MSRP; instead, Hisense is encouraging retailers to price the sets how they like. All of the TVs come with three HDMI ports and built-in 802.11 g/n Wi-Fi, and the TCL sets also have digital audio and USB inputs. All models have a 120Hz refresh rate except the 40- and 48-inch ones from Hisense, which refresh at 60Hz.
The Hisense models will be sold at "major retailers" starting in late September, while the TCL models will open for pre-order on Amazon starting Tuesday and be available at more retailers "in the coming weeks."


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A Mysterious Tipper Is Leaving Thousands Of Dollars At Restaurants Across The US
Since September, an anonymous patron has been leaving mysterious tips of huge proportions in restaurants and bars across the country.
Employees from Ann Arbor, Mich. to Los Angeles were lucky enough to be at the receiving end of some amazingly large tips, all over $1,000.
The tipper is claiming credit for the gifts by posting photos of receipts on the Instagram page @tipsforjesus, though as of now it is still unclear whether it is one person or a group behind the scheme.
Here's a shot of a receipt from the Legends of Notre Dame, a restaurant on the University of Notre Dame's campus. The mysterious tipper paid a visit before the football team took on USC, which could explain the "Fight On!" message left on the receipt. The photo shows an unbelievable $5,000 was tacked on to the total.
According to The South Bend Tribune, the mystery tipper returned to the restaurant again after the game, racking up a $164.50 bill and leaving another $5,000 tip.
"We were all looking at this like, is this a joke?" Ashley Rust, a former bartender at Legends, said to the South Bend Tribune. "We were all super shocked and we didn't want to get too excited because we hadn't ever seen a tip like this."
Rust said that the bill was paid by three men, one of whom was wearing a USC jersey, though all three said they were from California.
Several other tips were left in the alleged tippers' home state of California.
They stopped in Chicago, too.
The anonymous tipper even had enough cash on hand to pay this Chicago-area golf caddy.
The mystery of the anonymous tipper first began back in August, when employees in an Ogden, Utah bar said they received a $1,000 tip from a young man using a black American Express "Centurion" card. The black card is very exclusive, available by invitation only to those who fit strict qualifications.
The person or people behind the @tipsforjesus account are now claiming responsibility for extravagant tips left in two different Ogden establishments, though those receipts were not labeled "tips for Jesus" as the others were.
See Also:
- Late Seattle Man Leaves His Secret $188 Million Fortune To Charity
- 11 Cool Gadgets Any Skier Would Love
- Here's How Much Your Thanksgiving Dinner Would Have Cost A Century Ago
SEE ALSO: Many US Waiters Haven't Had A Pay Raise In 22 Years