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Parking Tickets
If you have received a Parking Ticket, you have five options:
Before paying a ticket(s) there are some important facts to be aware of:
- You may pay multiple parking tickets per online session. However, each parking ticket must be entered individually. For example, if you have 2 tickets for $20 each, you cannot enter one payment for just 1 of those tickets in the amount of $40. That would be considered a $20 overpayment for the 1 ticket and the other ticket would still be outstanding.
- If your registration has been suspended, be aware that payments made online may take up to three days to apply against your outstanding ticket balance. If your license plate registration has been suspended due to the previous nonpayment of your ticket, it may take up to five days from the date you make your online payment for the Wisconsin Division of Motor Vehicles to clear the suspension.
- Parking Fee Notices received in the City's parking ramps are not payable online at this time. These tickets are designated by a Notice number beginning with the letter "P".
- If you would like to know what tickets you currently have due, contact:
Madison Police Department Court Services
Call: (608) 266-4170
Look up online: Parking Ticket Look-up
Pay by Mail (Check or Money Order)
Mail a check or money order payable to:
City Treasurer
PO Box 20
Madison, WI 53701-0020
Write the citation number on the check or money order. NO CASH ACCEPTED.
Pay in Person
The Madison Police Department offers one full-service payment center and four modified payment centers for your convenience. Please read through the following qualifications to determine your in-person payment options:
Full Service Payment Location
Central District
Public Entrance
City-County Building:
210 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd.
Follow signs to Ground Floor
Hours: Monday-Friday, 8am - 4 pm
Accepted forms of payment
Cash, Money Order, Checks (that meet certain requirements), Visa or Mastercard
If any of the following conditions exist, parking citations must be paid at the Central District:
- If you wish to pay with cash. Cash payments are only accepted at the Central District.
- If your vehicle has been impounded.
- If you have a volume of outstanding fines that requires that our database records be searched by Court Services Staff
- If you are unable to submit your ticket or a copy of your late notice so that our offices may properly locate your citation and credit your payment.
Modified Payment Locations
Midtown District
4020 Mineral Point Rd.
Madison, WI 53705
North District
2033 Londonderry Dr.
Madison, WI 53704
South District
825 Hughes Pl.
Madison, WI 53713
East District
809 S. Thompson Dr.
Madison, WI 53716
West District
1710 McKenna Blvd.
Madison, WI 53711
Hours: Monday to Friday, 8am - 4pm
Accepted forms of payment
Money order, Personal Checks (that meet certain requirements,) Visa or Mastercard. NO CASH ACCEPTED.
Request a Court Date To Contest a Parking Ticket
You will need to:
- Wait five days from ticket issue date.
- Call (608) 266-4170 to schedule a Court Date
- Parking court is held on Tuesdays at 10:30 am and is by appointment only. If you cannot resolve your case at that initial court appearance your case will be set for trial on another date and time to be determined by the court.
Go to: Court Services for more information.
Please note: Even though you may dispute a parking ticket, there are many reasons why a parking ticket will not be dismissed. Go to: What are reasons why my parking ticket will not be dismissed
What if my parking ticket was issued on Private Property - do I still have to pay?
Go to: Tickets on Private Property
Request to Have Your Parking Ticket Reviewed to Determine if the Parking Ticket was Issued in Error
Please note: If you think this ticket was issued in error, you need to set-up a court date with Court Services to be seen in Municipal Court. If you would like to have your ticket reviewed for error, then fill out the Parking Ticket Review Form. Parking tickets will only be dismissed, if the Madison Police Department determines that the ticket has been issued in error.
You will need to:
- Fill out the online form.
- Be sure that you submit the form within ten days of when the parking ticket was issued.
- And give an explanation of why you thought the ticket was issued in error. (Go to: Reasons why ticket will not be dismissed).


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Visual Communication Technology
College of Technology, Architecture, and Applied Engineering
260 Technology Building, 419-372-2437
The Visual Communication Technology major prepares students in the processes used to transmit ideas and concepts through visual technology media. The major offers theory and practice in the computer applications of cross media, including interactive media, print, video, and photography. With the help of a faculty advisor, each student selects an area for specialization from numerous career opportunities. The program proceeds through a framework of analyzing and applying the many methods of creating, reproducing, and distributing visual communication materials. Students ultimately combine concepts, theories, and principles with critical and creative technical problem-solving abilities to generate solutions for visual communication problems.
By developing the ability to solve visual communication technology problems, students will be prepared for such technological production and management positions as graphic coordinator, digital media specialist, video producer or editor, interactive media producer, print/video/photo sales representative, or printing/publishing plant manager. Supervised cooperative work experience provides students with "real world" experience in their area of interest.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the baccalaureate degree, students in the visual communication technology major are expected to:
- Demonstrate critical-thinking skills as they relate to solving visual technology problems;
- Conceptualize and implement a visual technology solution in several media modes;
- Demonstrate operational level skill ability in each of the visual media areas of VCT;
- Research and produce an organized written rationale for using a specific medium to solve a specific visual technology problem;
- Apply knowledge of industrial applications to visual communication related technologies.
Updated: 03/07/2023 11:32AM

subset: commoncrawl


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A passenger who claimed he had a bomb, spat and threatened to kill flight attendants and open an aircraft door on a British Airways flight from London to Los Angeles was arrested by the FBI on suspicion of interfering with a flight crew, according to a federal criminal complaint released Wednesday.
- Download: Download the NBCLA app
Kevin Lee Mosele, 20, of Hawaii, made an initial appearance in federal court in Los Angeles Tuesday and was freed on $10,000 bond, according to federal authorities. If convicted on the single count, he faces a maximum prison sentence of 20 years in federal prison.
Mosele could not immediately be reached for comment.
The Los Angeles-bound British Airlines flight 283 Monday was two hours out of London when a flight attended contacted the captain and said there was an "abusive and disruptive passenger" that was "swearing and screaming," the 11-page criminal complaint said. The captain, Sean Dewbury, told Mosele he would divert the flight and "drop you off in Iceland" if his behavior continued. A short time later, he was restrained with metal handcuffs and placed in a rear seat.
For the next eight hours, the captain told authorities Mosele was "struggling in restraints, screaming and spitting," the federal complaint alleges. At one point federal authorities said Mosele began to mock the captain by saying, "Ooo, El Capitan, can I pretend to be a stewardess?" and dared him to land the plane saying, "You won't land for just one person."
In all, the captain said he spent 2 hours of the flight dealing with the allegedly unruly man, the complaint said. A flight attendant discovered two small wine bottles and two small whisky bottles in Mosele's seating area that were not sold on the flight. They believed he brought the liquor on the flight.
Mosele allegedly said, "I am going to set off a bomb" and "I am going to open this door," and told a flight attendant, "I am going to [expletive] kill you" as many as seven times. He also allegedly "spit in the face of a male flight attendant."
According to the complaint, Mosele told an FBI agent that he drank a couple of beers and a couple of wine beverages as well as purchasing a small bottle of white wine during a nine-hour layover at Heathrow International Airport. He also stated he didn't know if they would serve him alcohol because of his age. He joked with the flight attendants for about an hour-and-a-half, but a male flight attendant said he was "getting too aggressive" and admitted he might have scared the female flight attendants by walking around the rear galley area. He said that he became agitated after being restrained and just went "crazy," the complaint said. He also allegedly apologized to the agent.


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Philosophers and theologians have been quarreling for centuries over a handful of abstract arguments –ontological, cosmological, teleological, experiential . . .– that some insist either prove or disprove the existence of God. Obviously, they don't prove either, or the argument would be over. Mind you, I do think it's over. The scholars have had their noses so deep in their books that they didn't notice the obvious.
1. Mosquitos. Let me get it straight. The world – in fact the whole universe—is fine tuned so that humans, the pinnacle of creation can live here on Earth and spend our time joyously praising God. Oh, and there are mosquitos, but they didn't evolve. They are part of the perfect plan. Huh.
2. Migraine headaches.
Migraine headaches are about as useful as mosquitos, and they hurt worse. As many as ten percent of school kids get migraines; mine started right around the time I learned to talk—barf-in-the-bathtub headaches, not the rare-but-benign flashing lights and visual distortions that make you think you're on good drugs. Any god who created migraines would be a sadist.
3. Nudibranchs. Nudibranchs are the coolest creatures on the planet. Why would a loving God put them where no-one could see them for the first ten or twenty or thirty thousand years of human history?
4. Prayer. My mother prays for rain in Scottsdale when the tortoises start dying of thirst in the desert –and lo and behold my basement floods in Seattle. (Rain dances don't work so well either. I tried them a number of times when I was a kid. Got dust storms.) What does that tell you? Is the rain god helpless, or mean, or non-existent? Ok, my apologies. That forced choice sounds a little too much like the tired old trilemma that some Christians use to defend Jesus: was he an a. lunatic, b. liar, or c. Lord? It's possible that Jesus was a legend or a reformist rabbi; and it's possible that the god of rain is simply geographically challenged, or ignorant rather than mean, or that he exists on alternate Thursdays, even though cognitive scientist Pascal Boyer says my brain structure won't let me believe this.
5. Babies without brains. Some people think that believers without hearts—like, say Catholic bishops who cover up for pedophile priests– are reason to doubt that there is a god. But I think there's some wiggle room in terms of who's at fault in those heartless pedophilia cases. On the other hand – anencephalic babies that are born with literally no brains– babies that are physically incapable of becoming persons–no wiggle whatsoever.
6. Bad marketing. If you were God, would you let Pat Robertson, Fred Phelps, or Anjem Choudary speak for you. Would God really be less marketing savvy than Coca Cola?
7. Endometriosis. According to the Bible, God retooled women's reproductive tracts after Eve ate the apple. The idea was that we would want sex and get pregnant, and then having babies would hurt like hell. If the story were true, mightn't you think God would have gotten the design right? Why have some of us bleed every month like sacrificial goats and then not get pregnant so we can actually live out Eve's curse?
8. The Ten Commandments. How neither set of Ten Commandments in the Bible (here and here) says, "Wash your hands after you go to the bathroom." Or "Don't have sex with anyone who doesn't want you to." Epic fail. Imagine if wash your hands had replaced, say, "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth [like nudibranchs]." Just think how many lives could have been saved! Or how about that non-PC commandment about not coveting your neighbor's ox or ass or wife or other valuable stuff. Really? Really? Implicit endorsement of wife as chattel? Some people say that the Ten Commandments are just evidence against the Jewish or Christian God. But would any omnipotent, omnibenevolent extant deity have let them stand unedited for 3000 years?
9. Stars. There are way, way too many of them and they are way too far away. Efficiency is part of good design. If God designed the universe for us, seems like he could have simply put a firmament above the earth, with little holes where the waters above the firmament could come through, and where angels could lower down lights– say a greater light to rule the day and a lesser light to rule the night. It would be kinda like the Truman Show. Who needs deep space?
10. Chocolate. If there was a God, would chocolate make you fat? I rest my case.
Valerie Tarico is a psychologist and writer in Seattle, Washington. She is the author of Trusting Doubt: A Former Evangelical Looks at Old Beliefs in a New Light and Deas and Other Imaginings, and the founder of www.WisdomCommons.org. Her articles can be found at Awaypoint.Wordpress.com.
Read more:
Test Your Knowledge of Wild, Wierd and Outright Wacky American Religious Beliefs
Are Mormon Underwear Magic Between the Sheets
If the Bible Were Law, Would You Qualify For the Death Penalty?
Is Praying Before Football Games Cheating?
Captive Virgins, Polygamy, Sex Slaves: What Marriage Would Look Like if We Actually Followed the Bible


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Another road report from Washington State
The first two sessions at the Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers were both called Myth Busting. Mine was based on the premise "High alcohol wines taste better." I said, not necessarily. That's too easy a formulation, and one that should be shot down. I bash as many high alcohol wines as low- or moderate alcohol wines; in fact, probably more.
The second panel, which I wasn't part of, was based on the premise "Low yielding vines make better wine." The lead speaker was Gallo's head viticulturalist, Nick Dokooslian. He said "Not true," and offered a series of powerpoint slides showing his extensive research into the matter. I personally don't need research to agree with Nick. I learned a long time ago that some damned good wine comes from vines we would consider high yielding (e.g. 8 tons per acre). Then too, as Nick reminded us, tons per acre is a misleading metric. How many clusters per vine? What is the vine spacing? So generalizations are complicated.
There was lots of discussion on the panel, and interaction from the audience, on the yield question, but it wasn't until the end that the panel moderator asked what I think is the key question: If low yield isn't the alpha and omega of wine quality, then why is the perception so strong—among writer/critics, sommeliers and even educated members of the public—that it is? I was a little disappointed that there wasn't enough time to delve into this in depth. The answer, from my point of view, is simple: MARKETING.
Hard-core viticulture guys, which this WAWGG audience largely was, are rightfully concerned with things like cluster thinning, shoots per vine and the like, but they don't really know much about marketing. No reason they should; they're farmers. Thus, they don't really understand the marketing, P.R. and communications side of selling wine. It's no insult for me to say that. I don't understand viticulture all that well; it's not my job, just as it isn't their job to know what happens out there in the world where wine actually has to be sold to skeptical, fussy consumers via a distribution chain that largely cares only about what simple message they can communicate to the end buyer to persuade him or her to buy the SKU. Winemakers, of course, do have to worry about marketing, but there's always been a cultural gap between winemakers and grape growers, and that gap is no less today than it was 50 years ago. Growers want yield; it's how they make their profit. Winemakers tend to want to keep yields down.
But if, as everyone on the panel agreed, low yield isn't as important as people think, then why is the perception so entrenched that it is? (Nick Dokoosian did point out that low yield seems to be associated with quality in Pinot Noir more than in most varieties.) Well, if you think about it, what messages have you heard all your life about low yield? It's that low yield=quality. And who were you hearing that message from? For the most part, it's been from wineries who can charge very high prices for their wine, and thus can demand that growers keep yields exceptionally low. They then use the low-yield fact in their marketing and advertising. Their P.R, people trumpet the low yield. That message in turn is picked up by the distributors, who use it as a selling point to the final tier, the retailers, who then repeat the claim to the end buyers. The result is that a sommelier, in trying to make a sale, can tell the customer about how low-yielding the vines were, and this will help persuade the customer to spend a premium on the wine.
But in my experience, low yield in and of itself is pretty meaningless. Nick presented data showing that undercropping is actually detrimental to wine quality. There seems to be a sweet spot that's neither low nor high, at which most varieties perform best. As for Pinot Noir, well, probably the fact that it needs a cool climate is the reason for its low yields; Mother Nature takes care of that. In the final analysis, one take-home lesson from the WAWGG panel is that the myth that low-yielding vines make better wine is another one to toss out.
After the panels, they had the big walkaround exposition of technical geegaws for the industry. I was really struck by how beautiful these machines have become: MOG sorters, concrete egg fermenters, filterers, crusher/destemmers, bottling machines, tractors. I used to work at California College of the Arts, where I got to know the industrial designers, who were hip, young guys who knew how to make machines sexy. I'm telling you, these modern wine machines are gorgeous enough to display at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
P.S. Check out this link to the Sonoma County Wine Library. They're honoroing the great Merry Edwards this Friday. Try to be there.
Nick Dokoozlian (note the "L" toward the end) is right. In the yield trials I have done, severely under-cropped vines yielded wines that were even less preferred than wines from over-cropped vines. Critically, though, the sweet spot – the yield level producing the most preferred wines – varied from site to site.
I have to agree with Nick, with John and mostly with you, nailing it with: "The answer, from my point of view, is simple: MARKETING". When I get together with winemaker friends and we talk among us about some of these myths (old vines, oak from the Troncais forrest, native yeast etc) we always end up with the same conclusion: Beware of a winemaker who believes the marketing material BS of his own employer!
Fun and cynicism aside, as consumers, we are all accustomed to "half truths" in advertizing of goods. I am certain that an engineer working for AMD or Intel will chuckle when they read advertizing claims on laptops ads featuring the latest chip they designed. Should the wine industry be held to a different standard? And if so, who should police it?
These past two entries have been a total pleasure to read. Feeling like an arm chair traveler this morning!
The low yield myth also comes from European viticulture where it is probably closer to reality. Maybe this is an oversimplification, but solar flux + heat = sugar + flavor. Europe has less of those initial ingredients than CA, and if they want ripe grapes they can't overload the vines. Plus old vines, which are more common in Europe, likely tend to have lower yields.
In CA it seems like the focus should be on lowering sugars and delaying ripeness except in the most marginal climates. A lot of the CA wines I've tasted from very low yields have been unbalanced, albeit it ripe and concentrated. Dividing that converted energy over more fruit may have helped given the surfeit of concentration and alcohol.
"Nick presented data showing that undercropping is actually detrimental to wine quality".
It is pretty much common knowledge that IRRIGATED vines (particularly those with denser canopies) do not perform well under severe pruning and (excessively) limited yields. A quality vs. yield graph from these vines would show a bell-curve skewed – and truncated – to the left. But despite the fact that irrigated vines can tolerate somewhat higher yields without entirely compromising fruit quality, as yields grow beyond the aforementioned "sweet spot" quality still falls rapidly.
Grapes from non-irrigated vines, on the other hand, granted canopies are not too dense, maintain the same (highest) quality from the lowest yield up to a certain threshold (which varies according to variety, soil, climate, canopy management…); beyond this point quality falls precipitously.
Thus, Dr. Dokoozlian's statement ("Low yielding vines make better wine: […] Not true") seems misleading. Even though low yields, alone, are not sufficient to ensure "quality", high yields (e.g., 8 tons per acre) are, surely, enough to ruin it.
Thanks for starting the list of myths about what makes better tasting wine. I added some that need to be busted to it.
high alcohol, low crop, close spacing, no irrigation, organic farming, biodynamic farming, organic pesticides, warm days/cold nights, old vines, a wine tastes of the soil, unfiltered, unfined, tartrate instability, native yeasts, gravity flow, non-interventional winemaking, no additives, small wineries make better wine than large wineries, winemaking is an art, luddites make better wine, young winemakers are more creative than old ones, barrel makers actually make their barrels from the forests they claim, an expert winemaker does not need chemical analysis and can rely solely on his palate (particularly in determining harvest date by crunching up some grapes in his mouth), and a taster claiming to taste on a hundred point scale actually uses more than a thirty point spread to score wines and can accurately and reproducibly do so.
(sorry Steve, couldn't resist putting that one in).
In 20 years of being a sommelier I don't think I ever once sold a bottle of wine by remarking how low the yield was for that particular bottle. That simply wouldn't work. However, I was often told the yield, if it were very low, by the salespeople who were trying to sell the wine to me. Did I care? Not when I'm tasting the damn wine and can judge for myself whether I think it's any good. That said, an awful lot of sommeliers (not me) did sell wine by mentioning how many points it received… Without P.R. and Marketing people does Wine Enthusiast even exist?
I beleive Peter O'Conner nailed it. As to Morton, what are you going to do when "They" produce a "Wine" that tastes absolutely superb but has no grapes in it. I'm sure it's possible but do you (we) want to drink it? Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater.
Balanced yields are the key to producing quality grapes. Some regions (soils/rootstocks/clones/insert your set of qualifiers here) produce wonderful wines at four tons per acre, and some regions produce wonderful wines at eight or nine tons to the acre. I thank you for touching on the fact that vine spacing now varies greatly. When every vineyard was based on eight by eight spacing of head pruned vines, comparisons based on tons per acre were VASTLY more relevant than they are today.
I never could understand the crowing about 1/2 ton yields per acre – how is that good for the vine or for the bottom line? Balance in everything is always the answer, but yes…it's (relatively) easy and pleasurable to make wine. Selling it is a different story entirely. Steve, on your point about gorgeous new equipment – I only wish that the folks who design these would have to figure out how to clean and sanitize them before they put them into production! Always a conundrum and always too many nooks and crannies!
These 'findings' are rediculously unscientific. What matrix is being used to determine wine quality, and where does the winemaker come into play? The question should never have been "Does lower yield = better wine?", it should have been "Does lower yield = better grapes?" Not all winemakers are the same. I also find it interesting that this 'study' came from Gallo. Not exactly known for thier low yields.
A viticulturist's perspective: True, yield is not directly inversely related to quality. There is no physiological mechanism in the vine that responds to crop level. Oh, except sugar loading. There is a finite amount of sugar being produced by the leaves and the fruit is the sink for that sugar. More sinks = less sugar uptake and vice-versa. But sugar concentration does not necessarily equate to quality. And I agree with Nick in that low yields may negatively impact quality by creating rapid sugar accumulation that outpaces other (more important) aspects of "flavor ripening". I've seen low yields imposed on vines just for the sake of low tons per acre, only to have them reach 26+ brix without being ready to harvest due to "green" tannins and other unripe characteristics. All that said, overcropping is a detriment to wine quality, if fine wines are the goal. Densely-grouped clusters create uneven ripening amongs the population of clusters (not to mention disease). It's really all about creating a uniform microclimate for each and every cluster and then creating uniformity of maturation of the population of clusters/berries. This is done by dropping clusters where congested and by thinning out green fruit in late stages of veraison. This reduces yield beyond what the vine may be capable of producing, but its purpose has nothing to do with yield.
Phillip – My take on your question is that the only reason we use grapes to produce wine is that it is the easiest and cheapest way to produce such a great tasting and healthful beverage. But even, if it were possible to do it easier and cheaper any other way, we would probably still use grapes because of deeply instilled prejudices and beliefs that there are things man does that are natural and other things he does that are unnatural.
Tony is spot on. It's not the yield, it is having the vineyard in balance. I was on a school related tour of John Baritella's (sp?) Rutherford Cabernet vineyard in the early 90's and he stated he was getting 10 tons to the acre at 2K a ton and the fruit was going into the Georges De Latour. While working in the foothills we tried cutting the yields in our Zin vineyards to 3 tons and the wines weren't as good as at 5 to 6. And I helped make wine from some low yielding phyloxera infested vines that was crap. Healthy happy vines make good wine.
Good job, Steve, for debunking this myth of Lower yield equals better quality. The balance of the vine is key, and that will lead to balance of the wine. What good is it to keep only one bunch per shoot if you are going to over ripen it to 28 Brix any way. It is time for common sense grapegrowing and winemaking to get back in the picture. It is high time to stop being too intellectual.
Great topic Steve! Although, as a farmer with no marketing education- I do believe in paying close attention to yieldsfor the highest wine quality.
Equilibrium or balance is the key to the whole thing- balanced vines make balanced wines. With the soils technologies we have today- we can do a better job of anticipating what an appropriate spacing is for a vineyard/varietal prior to planting. Different land preparation techniques can dramatically effect the vigor of the vine and therefore the spacing required to achieve a balanced vine. With Pinot Noir being the most yield sensitive varietal, and the grape I grow the most of, we pay close attention to growing a physically small plant where the yield is balanced with the vigor of the vine.
Doesnt it seem rather biased as the person giving the presentation represents probably the largest grape grower in the entire world, hence will always be encouraged to defend higher yields and grape quality. Gallo must continually give evidence and support this concept because that is how they support the millions of gallons of wine they produce. Just a side note, but seems interesting enough to point out.
I think the point is balance. In Heartbreak Grape there is a great passage where Jensen sums it up. We simply don't know about yields. Even without seeing this presentation, I'd say we still don't know except to say that they shouldn't be too high or too low. The concept of yields isn't a singular concept.
Though this sounds pretty light on the spectrum of scientific evidence, I'm glad someone (even if it is Gallo) is a challenging unproven tenants from winemaking. Low yields aren't the holy grail of wine making. You've got to work with your vineyard and find what makes your best wines.
The more info that gets passed along to the educated consumer helps too!
I have been present in as many as 5 to 7 of Mr. Dokooslian's talks since I started working with wine. His slides are very similar year after year and point out how the wines made with fruit coming from high yielding vines (Gallo wines) have the same or more flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins than wines made with fruit from low yielding vines.
In my own experience you can have a wine with the highest content of the above that taste watered down and/or green.
If Mr. Dokooslian gets paid by Gallo to do all his research why isn't Gallo using the data he has to make the better wines?
How many bottles of wine made by Gallo do you have at home for your personal consumption?
Give me some unbiased research…please!
Steve, something you haven't mentioned, and maybe too anecdotal, would be for you to take 100 or so of your favorite Californian (Highest scoring) wines, check out the yield-data, and see if there is a correlation! Better yet, do the same thing with your least favorite wines!
Amen to you sir! Farmers should also take into consideration their Marketing capabilities/skills. Even with a very good harvest but without the knowledge on marketing their products you would be nothing in the business world.
A lot of Nick's research on yield and quality was done before he worked for Gallo and the same results have been obtained by other researchers in Australia, Italy and South Africa.
Hi Steve-
Excellent points. I wonder what you think about the influence of mother nature's low yields in this discussion. From my albiet limited 10 year vintage perspective, the lower yielding years (2004, 2007, 2008) tend to be riper and friendlier and therefore more favored by consumers and critics than the cooler, larger yielding years (2006, 2005). 1997 is an obvious outlier, but over time, this lower yield statement of fact gets confused with man-made lower yields that do NOT correlate to tastier wine.
Interesting topic, I was at this conference and heard the research points brought up Nick Dokoozlian and the data he presented seemed to make sense. I think it is a good thing that Gallo is spending some of their profits to do research in the wine industry and give growers and vintners some more physical data to use when making decisions. Not many entities have the time, resources, or cash flow to do a lot of this research and it has the potential to help the wine industry as a whole not just Gallo. I personally don't drink many Gallo products but I respect what they do. I think a lot of people forget how young the wine industry is in the new world and a lot of technical data and research that has been done in the past 20-30 years is still being implemented and the results are now available for analysis, and like most results they data can be interpreted in a few different ways. That said I think the people talking about balance have it right, sometimes you might get 3 tons per acre and love it while other times 5 tons is fine, anything over that is typically going to be going into a lower price point wine and sometimes could still rival other wines but generally speaking you can taste a difference. I don't think ½ ton per acre is a good idea unless you only have a few rows planted in that acre.
One of the first reserve bordeaux style wine I made was blended primarily around grapes from Cabernet grown in a vineyard in the Oak Knoll District which yielded 6 tons/acre. Later, we did a commercial scale yield experiment with Pinot Noir from the Winery Lake vineyard in Carneros, doing a pretty good job of controlling the variables: lots were made from grapes thinned or not thinned in a randomized block pattern throughout the vineyard, to yield 2, 4, and 6 tons/acre (un-thinned) and the experiment was done over three seasons. The 2 tons/acre sugared up too quickly, and lacked varietal character. The 6 tons/acre was thin and muted. The 4 tons/acre was consistently richer, rounder and more aromatic. Echoing what others have posted here: it seems like there is a sweet spot for each site that varies with the particular conditions; and it is not the yield statistic that drives the quality, but rather the back story (e.g. the clusters per shoot, the sun exposure to each cluster, and so on). These were moderately irrigated vines (less water than vines would typically get from rain in Burgundy).
- Wine Reviews | Vino Con Vista - [...] Sauturnes (which have been chilled by Winter fairies blowing ice crystals at them) more… Another road report from Washington…


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QUICKSALL v. MICHIGAN(1950)
Upon his plea of guilty of murder, petitioner was sentenced by a Michigan state court to imprisonment for life. The State had long before abolished capital punishment. Almost ten years later, petitioner moved to vacate the sentence and for a new trial, claiming that a federal constitutional right to assistance of counsel had been infringed and that his plea of guilty had been induced by misrepresentations by the prosecuting attorney and the sheriff. The motion was heard before the same judge who had received his plea of guilty and sentenced him. The motion was denied and the State Supreme Court affirmed. Held: Upon the record in this case, petitioner has failed to sustain the burden of proving such a disregard of fundamental fairness in the imposition of punishment by the State as would justify this Court in setting aside the sentence as violative of the Due Process Clause. Pp. 661-665.
Petitioner's motion to vacate a sentence of life imprisonment theretofore imposed upon him, and for a new trial, was denied by a Michigan state court. The State Supreme Court affirmed. 322 Mich. 351, 33 N. W. 2d 904. This Court granted certiorari. 336 U.S. 916 . Affirmed, p. 666.
Isadore Levin argued the cause and filed a brief for petitioner. [339 U.S. 660, 661]
Edmund E. Shepherd, Solicitor General of Michigan, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Stephen J. Roth, Attorney General, and Daniel J. O'Hara, Assistant Attorney General.
MR. JUSTICE FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.
Petitioner is in custody of the State of Michigan under a sentence of life imprisonment for first-degree murder, confirmed upon collateral attack by a judgment of the Supreme Court of Michigan, here challenged. He claims that he was deprived of his right to counsel to the extent that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment secures that right. The generalizations that are relevant to such a claim no longer call for elaboration. They have been set forth in a series of recent opinions. 1 It is now settled that, as to its administration of criminal justice, a State's duty to provide counsel, so far as the United States Constitution imposes it, is but one aspect of the comprehending guaranty of the Due Process Clause of a fair hearing on an accusation, including adequate opportunity to meet it. And so we turn to the facts of this case.
By information filed in the Circuit Court for Kalamazoo County, Michigan, on July 16, 1937, Charles Quicksall, the petitioner, was charged with the murder of one Grace Parker. She was a married woman, and Quicksall was her paramour. Petitioner had been a hospital patient, under police guard, between the time of Mrs. Parker's [339 U.S. 660, 662] death on July 2 and July 15, when he was taken before the Municipal Justice Court where, after waiving examination, he was bound over for trial. On arraignment the next day before the Kalamazoo Circuit Court he pleaded guilty to the charge of murder. There is no evidence that at the time of his plea petitioner requested counsel or that appointed counsel was offered him. The circumstances attending the plea were thus formally stated by the judge who received it:
At the conclusion of these proceedings the court stated:
Almost ten years after his sentence, on April 18, 1947, the petitioner asked the Circuit Court for Kalamazoo County to vacate it and to grant him a new trial. He claimed the sentence had a constitutional infirmity in that he did not have the assistance of counsel and was prevented from communicating with counsel of his choice while he was hospitalized. He also claimed that his plea of guilty had been induced by misrepresentations on the part of the prosecuting attorney and the sheriff who, he asserted, had told him that the charge against him was manslaughter for which his sentence would be from two to fifteen years.
The motion to vacate the sentence was heard before the same judge who had received his plea of guilty and sentenced him. Petitioner was asked whether he desired to have a lawyer in this proceeding, and he replied that he did not: "Well, your Honor, it took me a long time to prepare the motion, and I figure that I would be just as well qualified to present it myself." In answering questions propounded by the judge, petitioner admitted that he knew he had been bound over on a murder charge. He also recalled that after the judge had informed him that his guilt had been determined to be of murder in the first degree he was given full opportunity to say [339 U.S. 660, 665] what he had to say before sentence was imposed, but had nothing to say. Cf. Canizio v. New York, 327 U.S. 82 . However, he professed not to be able to recall details of the proceedings because of illness at the time. A deputy sheriff who had guarded petitioner during his hospitalization after the shooting testified that on the following day petitioner had said to him: "How long will I have to lay here? I wish to Christ it had taken effect on me like it did on her. If I get over this it will mean life for me anyway." Notes made contemporaneously supported this testimony. The prosecuting attorney at the time of sentencing was by reason of paralysis unavailable as a witness. The sheriff testified that neither he nor the prosecuting attorney, so far as he had knowledge, had refused petitioner permission to communicate with his family, friends, or a lawyer. Petitioner cross-examined the sheriff, but declined to question the deputy sheriff.
The trial judge took no stock in the reconstructing memory of the petitioner and denied his motion. The Supreme Court of Michigan affirmed. 322 Mich. 351, 33 N. W. 2d 904. We brought the case here out of a zealous regard for due observance of the safeguards of the Fourteenth Amendment in the enforcement of a State's penal code. 336 U.S. 916 . The record exacts the holding that the petitioner has failed to sustain the burden of proving such a disregard of fundamental fairness in the imposition of punishment by the State as alone would justify this Court to invalidate the sentence by reason of the Due Process Clause.
Petitioner makes no claim that he did not know of his right to be assisted by counsel, see Mich. Stat. Ann. 28.854 (Henderson 1938), and in view of his "intelligence, his age, and his earlier experiences in court," the Supreme Court of Michigan rejected the notion that he was not aware of his right to be represented by an attorney. 322 Mich. at 355, 33 N. W. 2d at 906. Cf. Gryger [339 U.S. 660, 666] v. Burke, 334 U.S. 728, 730 . Since the Michigan courts disbelieved petitioner's allegations that he had not been allowed to communicate with his family, his friends or a lawyer, and no request was made by him for legal aid, the only question is whether, in the circumstances of this case, the failure of the record to show that he was offered counsel offends the Due Process Clause.
At least "when a crime subject to capital punishment is not involved, each case depends on its own facts." Uveges v. Pennsylvania, 335 U.S. 437, 441 ; Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 455, 462 . To invalidate a plea of guilty the prisoner must establish that "for want of benefit of counsel an ingredient of unfairness actively operated in the process that resulted in his confinement." Foster v. Illinois, 332 U.S. 134, 137 ; see Gibbs v. Burke, 337 U.S. 773, 781 . Here petitioner's claim that the consequences of his plea of guilty had been misrepresented was disbelieved by the tribunal especially qualified to sit in judgment upon its credibility. See Wade v. Mayo, 334 U.S. 672, 683 -84. In the light of what emerged in this proceeding upon a scrutiny of what took place before the same judge ten years earlier, when petitioner's plea of guilty was tendered and accepted, it would stultify the Due Process Clause to find that any right of the petitioner was infringed by the sentence which he incurred. 3 Foster v. Illinois, supra at 138; Bute v. Illinois, 333 U.S. 640, 670 -74.
MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
[ Footnote 2 ] Mich. Stat. Ann. 28.1058 (Henderson 1938) provides: "Whenever any person shall plead guilty to an information filed against him in any court, it shall be the duty of the judge of such court, before pronouncing judgment or sentence upon such plea, to become satisfied after such investigation as he may deem necessary for that purpose respecting the nature of the case, and the circumstances of such plea, that said plea was made freely, with full knowledge of the nature of the accusation, and without undue influence. And whenever said judge shall have reason to doubt the truth of such plea of guilty, it shall be his duty to vacate the same, direct a plea of not guilty to be entered and order a trial of the issue thus formed."
[ Footnote 3 ] Assertions now made concerning irregularities in the hearing on the degree of the crime were not urged before the Michigan courts. They cannot be considered here for the first time, even as to their supposed bearing on the right to counsel. [339 U.S. 660, 667]


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Analysis: Election turnout debacle shattered invulnerability of Egypt's next leader, el-Sissi
CAIRO – The election of Egypt's former military chief to the nation's presidency may be remembered for its central irony: He won in a historic landslide — only to shatter his image of invulnerability in the process.
Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi's win was never in doubt, but what the retired 59-year-old field marshal wanted was an overwhelming turnout that would accord legitimacy to his July ouster of Egypt's first freely elected president — the Islamist Mohammed Morsi — and show critics at home and abroad that his action reflected the will of the people. In his last interview before polls opened, he exuberantly told Egyptians he wanted more than 40 million of the nearly 54 million registered voters to turn out.
The reality was far more tepid.
According to unofficial results announced by his campaign early Thursday, el-Sissi won 92 percent of the vote, resoundingly beating his sole rival, leftist politician Hamdeen Sabahi.
However, the turnout nationwide was around 44 percent, el-Sissi's campaign said. Not the worst of the multiple elections held the past three years, but well below the nearly 52 percent turnout in the 2012 election that Morsi won.
The victory was tainted by the extraordinary means used by the military-backed government to get even that many voters to the polls. After signs that the turnout on the first of two scheduled days of voting on Monday was a lowly 15 percent, the government declared the next day a national holiday to free people to go to polls. The election commission threatened to slap fines of $70 — a hefty sum for most Egyptians — on those who did not vote.
When on Tuesday polling still seemed low, the commission abruptly extended the election to a third day. The state made bus and train travel free to allow migrants to return to home districts to vote. Throughout the day, TV networks berated Egyptians as "ungrateful" and "traitors" for not voting.
To many, it was clear the state was trying to help its favored candidate, reminiscent of machinations during the 29-year-rule of autocrat Hosni Mubarak, toppled in a 2011 pro-democracy uprising.
And el-Sissi was not supposed to need a boost.
For the past 10 months, the government, TV stations and newspapers have made him the object of relentless adulation, pinning superlatives on him as firm and efficient, empathetic and pious, manly and handsome, insisting he is the sole figure able to lead and feeding jingoism for the military and police.
"The popular hero didn't find the masses marching to the ballot boxes to lift him to the palace. The weddings turned to anguish," prominent Egyptian columnist Wael Abdel-Fattah wrote in the Lebanese daily Assafir. "The shock here is in the state's need to use its old tools to defend its nominee."
El-Sissi can genuinely claim he comes into office with an impressive tally of votes — his campaign said he won 23.38 million votes. Official results are expected in early June.
That's more than the 13 million that Morsi won, and even more than the around 18 million votes that went to Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood and allied parties in the first post-Mubarak parliamentary elections, the Islamists' most resounding electoral showing.
But the puncturing of his image is no small blow.
It points out a significant pool of public discontent with el-Sissi and will likely encourage the Brotherhood in its protests, hoping more Egyptians will join its ranks if the new president fails to improve their lot. It gives hope to the more secular, pro-democracy revolutionary groups, signaling that Egyptians are as wary of a military man in power as they were of the Islamists.
It also served notice that Egyptians can still pull off stunning surprises — and that after rising up against two presidents since 2011, they expect more from a politician than heroic status.
Many el-Sissi supporters voted enthusiastically, singing and dancing at the polls, saying they had confidence that a man from the military can bring stability after three years of bloody unrest. Equally appealing were his comments on the merits of moderate Islam and his intention to fight extremism.
The boycott by the Brotherhood, which has the country's strongest get-out-the vote-machine, heavily gouged the turnout numbers.
But many others who declined to vote — and even some who voted for el-Sissi — said he seemed to take Egyptians for granted and lacked solutions for millions living in poverty. They were struck by how he showed little tolerance for dissent, was dismissive of freedoms and rights and was strongly backed by former members of Mubarak's ruling party — all fueling concerns he will bring back Mubarak's autocratic ways.
"This man will seal the gates of democracy behind him with a lock and chain. It will be our last elections, and it is a farce," said Ramadan Salem, a 57-year-old boycotter who was sitting among fellow taxi drivers sipping tea under a main bridge in central Cairo.
Even el-Sissi's campaign motto — "We work together" — struck Salem as a way to evade responsibility.
"When he fails, it will be us failing, not him," he said.
El-Sissi acted presidential long before the first ballot was cast. Unlike Sabahi, the only other contender in the race, el-Sissi never went into the streets to campaign, instead giving TV interviews and holding meetings in opulent surroundings with influential groups like editors, businessmen, celebrities and clerics.
His straight talk on the extent of economic problems rang harsh to some, telling already struggling Egyptians to buckle down and sacrifice. Promising "great leaps," he gave mixed signals on his policies. He advocated heavy government involvement in the economy with state-sponsored mega-projects to create jobs and even in setting market prices. At the same time, he flirted with businessmen, saying he planned to give them a share.
He spoke of reshaping the map of Egypt by expanding Nile Valley provinces into the desert to redistribute population. His answer for funding it was billions of dollars from oil-rich Gulf nations and from Egyptian expatriates.
And if Gulf money doesn't come through, "it will be a big problem," said engineer Mohammed Bahaa Eddin, standing near a vacant Cairo polling center. He voted for el-Sissi, but added: "When I watch him on TV, I am uncomfortable. Something is ambiguous about him. His ideas are not clear."
El-Sissi has led the harsh crackdown on Morsi's supporters that has killed hundreds and jailed thousands. It has also imprisoned secular-leaning dissenters and brought reports of abuses of detainees, random arrests and lack of due process. In interviews, el-Sissi insisted stability has priority over rights of speech and protest. He was brusque and imperious at times, snapping at interviewers for perceived slights of the military.
That worried some even beyond the ranks of revolutionary activists.
Mohammed Amer, a 26-year-old government employee who didn't vote, said that during the campaign, "people began to realize how shallow he is."
"People saw the return of the police state."
Hendawi is the AP's chief of bureau in Cairo. Michael has reported on Egypt and the Middle East for the AP for a decade.


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Equilizer Gas Relief
Related Posts "Equilizer Gas Relief":
Generic Name: simethicone (Oral route)
sye-METH-i-koneCommonly used brand name(s)
In the U.S.Alka-Seltzer Anti-Gas Anti-Gas Ultra Strength Baby Gasz Equilizer Gas Relief Gas Aid Maximum Strength Gas-X Genasyme Maalox Anti-Gas Mylanta Gas Mylicon Mytab Gas Phazyme
In CanadaOvol Phazyme Liquid Gas Relief, Maximum Strength
Available Dosage Forms:Tablet, Chewable Liquid Capsule Syrup Suspension Tablet Solution Capsule, Liquid Filled
Therapeutic Class: AntiflatulentUses For Equilizer Gas Relief
Simethicone is used to relieve the painful symptoms of too much gas in the stomach and intestines.
Simethicone may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Simethicone is available without a prescription.
Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although these uses are not included in product labeling, simethicone is used in certain patients before the following tests:Before a gastroscopy Before a radiography of the bowel Before Using Equilizer Gas Relief
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:Allergies
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.Pediatric
This medicine has been tested in children and, in effective doses, has not been shown to cause different side effects or problems than it does in adults.Geriatric
Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults. There is no specific information comparing use of simethicone in the elderly with use in other age groups.Interactions with Medicines
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.Proper Use of simethicone
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain simethicone. It may not be specific to Equilizer Gas Relief. Please read with care.
For effective use of simethicone:Follow your doctor's instructions if this medicine was prescribed. Follow the manufacturer's package directions if you are treating yourself.
Take this medicine after meals and at bedtime for best results.
For patients taking the chewable tablet form of this medicine:It is important that you chew the tablets thoroughly before you swallow them. This is to allow the medicine to work faster and more completely.
For patients taking the oral liquid form of this medicine:This medicine is to be taken by mouth even if it comes in a dropper bottle. The amount you should take is to be measured with the specially marked dropper or measuring spoon.
Avoid foods that seem to increase gas. Chew food thoroughly and slowly. Reduce air swallowing by avoiding fizzy, carbonated drinks. Do not smoke before meals. Develop regular bowel habits and exercise regularly. Make certain your health care professional knows if you are on a low-sodium, low-sugar, or any other special diet. Most medicines contain more than their active ingredient.Dosing
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.For symptoms of too much gas: For oral dosage forms (capsules or tablets): Adults and teenagers—Usual dose is 60 to 125 milligrams (mg) four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. The dose should not be more than 500 mg in twenty-four hours. Children—Dose must be determined by the doctor. For oral dosage form (chewable tablets): Adults and teenagers—Usual dose is 40 to 125 mg four times a day, after meals and at bedtime or the dose may be 150 mg three times a day, after meals. The dose should not be more than 500 mg in twenty-four hours. Children—Dose must be determined by the doctor. For oral dosage form (suspension): Adults and teenagers—Usual dose is 40 to 95 mg four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. The dose should not be more than 500 mg in twenty-four hours. Children—Dose must be determined by the doctor. Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.Equilizer Gas Relief Side Effects
There have not been any common or important side effects reported with this medicine. However, if you notice any side effects, check with your doctor.
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Let $g \geq 2$, and consider the moduli space $\bar M_{g,n}$ of stable n-pointed curves of genus g. There is a natural forgetful map to $\bar M_g$, which forgets the markings and contracts any resulting unstable component. I am thinking about what the fibers of this map look like. Consider first the n-fold fibered product of the universal curve over $\bar M_g$ -- this would be a moduli space of curves of genus g with n not necessarily distinct markings. We know that this product is singular
at all points where more than one of the markings coincide, or when a marking is placed on a node of a singular base curve. Moreover, we know that $\bar M_{g,n}$ is a desingularization.
Of course, the difference between the two spaces is that on $\bar M_{g,n}$, whenever two markings or a marking and a node come together, one ''bubbles off'' a rational curve, and this can be seen as a blow-up of an ambient space in which the curve is embedded. My question is: can one in a similar way explicitly realize the total space $\bar M_{g,n}$ as a sequence of blow-ups of the n-fold fibered product of the universal curve, or a similar construction?
And a related naive question, which may or may not be equivalent to the one above: given a point [C] in the interior of $\bar M_g$, the fiber over it in $\bar M_{g,n} \to \bar M_g$ is a compactification of the configuration space of n distinct ordered points on C. Is this fiber isomorphic to the Fulton-MacPherson compactification of this configuration space?


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Alaska Dispatch, September 15, 2012 by Vanessa Johnston
When pregnant women in Poland decide to have an abortion, they take a common but highly secretive step. "I found some phone numbers in the newspaper; I called around," explains a young blonde woman named Jola. The doctors are listed anonymously in the classifieds section offering to "induce menstruation" or provide "full service." Everybody understands.
"You cannot use the words 'abortion' or 'termination'; rather, 'I am pregnant – can you help me?' Something like that," she says, speaking of her illegal abortion in the 2009 Polish documentary, "Underground Women's State." None of the seven women interviewed give their full name and all are well disguised.
Although the topic has long been taboo in Poland, leaders on both sides of the abortion debate now acknowledge the existence of this hidden, private practice. And this month, the Polish parliament is expected to vote on whether to liberalize its abortion policy, one of the strictest in Europe.
Under the current law, a woman is allowed an abortion paid for by Poland's universal healthcare only if she is raped, if her health is at risk, or if the fetus is severely deformed. However, anti-abortion sentiment is so strong in Poland that even in those cases, hospitals will often object to the service on the grounds of their own religious beliefs. (In Poland's most famous case, Alicja Tysiac was awarded 25,000 euros – $33,000 – in 2007 by the European Court of Human Rights, after being denied an abortion even though eye specialists had warned that giving birth could make her go blind.)
The legislation proposed by Palikot Movement, a new left-leaning political party, would make abortion available until the 12th week of pregnancy; introduce free or subsidized contraception; and improve the quality of sex education in schools. Advocates of the bill say the current law has not prevented abortions; rather it has fueled a vast, illegal abortion underground.
The legislation is unlikely to win the initial voting round, let alone become law, given the current political climate. Just last year, the lower house of parliament voted in favor of an all-out ban on abortion – that would do away with the current exceptions – by 254 to 151, though it did not survive in the subsequent steps to become law.
But the latest bill signals a renewed energy by the left to challenge the abortion status quo. And the topic of women's reproductive rights is set to gain more national attention at the upcoming 4th Congress of Women, a meeting of Poland's most prominent women from business, government, academia, NGOs, and the media, that will be held on September 14 and 15 at Warsaw's Palace of Science and Culture.
Post-Communism, underground abortion
In Poland's capital, Warsaw, there is a complex mixture of communist legacy and the capitalism of recent years. A glitzy shopping mall sits across the street from the Stalinist Palace of Science and Culture. Monolithic concrete apartment blocks from the 1960s are juxtaposed with shiny, American-inspired coffee chains.
On the issue of women's reproductive rights, the contrast between the past and the present is equally stark. Often young women growing up in today's democratic Poland are shocked to learn that their mothers, grandmothers, or aunts once had abortions, which were permitted and widely performed during communist times. In 1981, there were 230,000 legal abortions recorded.
By 1993, abortion was effectively banned in Poland in response to pressure from the Catholic Church, which had been instrumental in the fight against Communism. Today, between 90 and 95 percent of Poles identify themselves as Roman Catholic and the church continues to enjoy strong influence over the country's political affairs.
Now, according to official government reports, there are on average 300 abortions performed each year in the country of 38 million people. But the Polish Federation for Women and Family Planning – a pro-choice advocacy group – contends that the actual number falls somewhere between 80,000 and 200,000, generating an estimated $95 million annually for doctors.
However, since it is difficult to accurately quantify the abortion underground, there is disagreement on its scope.
"It is obvious that the official statistics on the number of abortions differ from reality," said Dr. Pawel Wosicki, president of the Polish Federation of Pro-Life Movement. "[Illegal abortion] is a problem, but there is no evidence that this is a very big problem."
According to CBOS, a Polish research institute, recent public opinion polls show that society is evenly split on the issue of abortion. While there has been growing public acknowledgement that the current law has not stopped abortion, many are convinced that it has at least reduced the number of procedures performed. Dr. Wosicki and other pro-life campaigners also believe that there should be more active prosecution of doctors who perform illegal, underground abortions.
On the other hand, the small number of vocal pro-choice activists argues that the current law does not reflect reality and degrades women.
A costly and dangerous procedure
When a woman decides to have an abortion for non-legal reasons, it is either performed on the black market or in other European countries, such as Germany, Britain, or the Czech Republic. The procedure often comes at a high financial cost – between 1,500 and 4,500 zloty ($450 to $1,350) – and for most women, it is as much as their average monthly salary.
Although many underground abortions are thought to be safe and performed by professionals, its covert and unregulated nature ensures there is always risk involved.
One patient recalls a doctor smoking cigarettes in the room where the procedure was to take place. Another tells of being abandoned by the doctor before she woke up from the surgery, leaving her to find a way home, still in excruciating pain. Doctors are especially fearful. Even though they reap a sizable profit, it is they, not the women obtaining the abortion, who are prosecuted by the penal system.
Increasingly, women are turning to the Internet for information about and support for abortion. One of the most well-known and utilized sources is the Dutch NGO Women on Web – an extension of Women on Waves, which controversially provides abortions on ships. The Internet has also been an important way for women who want or who have had abortions to share their experiences anonymously, since many never tell a single person – not even their best friend.
"Everyone in this chain of information is very scared," says Agata Chelstowska, a PhD student at the University of Warsaw and women's rights activist. "It's very silent and I know that women are ashamed to talk about it."


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One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
November 8, 2020 @ 1:00 pm - 3:30 pm
One event on November 8, 2020 at 5:00 pm
One event on November 9, 2020 at 7:00 pm
When free-spirited petty crook Randle P. McMurphy (Jack Nicholson) arrives at the state mental hospital, his contagious sense of disorder jolts the routine. He's on one side of a brewing war, soft-spoken, coolly monstrous Nurse Ratched (Louis Fletcher) on the other. At stake is the fate of every patient in the ward.
This electrifying adaptation of Ken Kesey's bestseller swept all 5 major 1975 Academy Awards®: Best Picture (produced by Saul Zaentz and Michael Douglas), Actor (Jack Nicholson) Actress (Louis Fletcher) Director (Milos Forman) and Adapted Screenplay (Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman). Raucous, searing and with a superb cast that includes Brad Dourif, Danny DeVito and Christopher Lloyd in his film debut, it soars.
See the Academy Award® winning classic at a special event that includes exclusive insights from Turner Classic Movies.


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Using the Fly Sweep in the Spread Offense
Topics Covered:
1. Using the Cadence in the Fly Sweep
2. QB Drills for a successful exchange
3. Blocking the Fly Sweep (Outside Zone)
4. Using the Fly Sweep in the Pass Game
55 minutes
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Coach Rowe's Bio:
For the past six years Mike Rowe has been an active member of the ROCORI School District, working as a third grade teacher and head coach of the Spartans Football program. Under Coach Rowe ROCORI high school has won two conference titles, two section championships, and appeared in the state playoff in 2011 and 2014. In 2011 the Spartans won their first ever State Football Championship. Coach Rowe has been an advocate for developing character in his athletes and in 2014 the NFL featured him in a video that aimed to stop domestic violence and dating violence. Prior to taking over the Spartans Football program Mike Rowe was coaching college football at Central Lakes College, Minot State, and St. Cloud State. Mike has been involved in the NFL High School Player Development Camps the last three years, and is married to wife Elisabeth, with whom he has two daughters Avery and Aisnley.
Minnesota High School Football Chat
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By Dr. Arthur Garrison, Assistant Professor, Criminal Justice at Kutztown University
On August 9th, Michael Brown was killed by Darren Wilson, a white police officer. As soon as the killing was made public, every politician, platitude, accusation, argument, justification, rationalization and defense that exists in these types of situations was heard on T.V. and radio. Nothing was new. Then, two nights later, fully armed in riot and militarized SWAT gear, the police moved onto the protestors with tear gas, flash grenades and armed vehicles. There was nothing new in the police using force on what they perceived as African American rioters and looters. What was new was the equipment the police used to suppress them. On that night, the public was introduced to the fact that the U.S. military, since 9/11, has been providing local police departments with surplus military grade equipment.
After the police use of militarized force, the Governor of Missouri removed the Ferguson police as lead agency to deal with security and appointed the state police as the new agency in charge. The officer in command, Captain Ronald S. Johnson, was able to bring a sense of calm and control that reduced the tension on the street. Two days later, the Chief of the Ferguson police released a video showing Brown committing a strong robbery in a local grocery shortly before his confrontation with Wilson. The release of the video occurred during the same press conference in which the Chief identified Wilson as the officer who killed Brown. A few hours later, the Chief stated that Wilson did not know Brown was suspected of the robbery when the confrontation occurred. That night the police were met with a riot and wholesale resentment by the press.
From this point on, the case has been met with calls for special prosecutors and condemnation of President Obama for saying too little and saying too much about the whole incident. Attorney General Eric Holder has been praised and vilified for sending in the Justice Department Civil Rights Division and the FBI. Commentary has proved, again, that there is a significant difference between how African Americans and Caucasians see this entire case. African Americans assume racial bias on the part of the officer and intentional cover-up or mishandling of the case because the loss of Brown's life is of no consequence to the police. Caucasians assume that race has little or nothing to do with the case because police don't shoot African Americans for no reason. Further, conservatives asked, if black life is so important to the protestors and politicians, why don't they decry the death of African American youth that were killed in Chicago during the same period as the unrest in Ferguson?
There is no simple answer to any of this. But there is one thing that we all can agree on. Riots make society stop and ask why. Riots have utility. Riots are both cause and effect.
Martin Luther King said of riots,
"But at the same time, it is as necessary for me to be as vigorous in condemning the conditions which cause persons to feel that they must engage in riotous activities as it is for me to condemn riots. I think America must see that riots do not develop out of thin air. Certain conditions continue to exist in our society which must be condemned as vigorously as we condemn riots. But in the final analysis, a riot is the language of the unheard."
Thomas Jefferson said of rebellion while reflecting on the proposed Constitution,
"God forbid we should ever be 20 years without such a rebellion . . . .What country ever existed a century and a half without a rebellion? And what country can preserve it's liberties if their rulers are not warned from time to time that their people preserve the spirit of resistance? Let them take arms. The remedy is to set them right as to facts, pardon and pacify them. What signify a few lives lost in a century or two? The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is it's natural manure."
It is interesting that it's King who teaches us that riots disrupt communities economically, socially and politically; while it's Jefferson who teaches us that riots are a toll of liberty, the remedy of the people and the creator of positive social and political change.


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Mary of Burgundy
Mary of Burgundy, 1457–82, wife of Maximilian of Austria (later Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I), daughter and heiress of Charles the Bold of Burgundy. The marriage of Mary was a major event in European history, for it established the Hapsburgs in the Low Countries and initiated the long rivalry between France and Austria. At her father's death (Jan., 1477) Louis XI of France seized Burgundy and Picardy and prepared to annex the Low Countries, Artois, Luxembourg, and Franche-Comté—Mary's entire inheritance. To gain the assistance of Flanders, Brabant, Hainaut, and Holland, whose representatives met at Ghent in Feb., 1477, Mary granted the Great Privilege, which restored the liberties of the provincial estates that her father and grandfather had abrogated. She then rejected Louis XI's proposal that she marry the dauphin Charles, and in May she married Maximilian, who had hastened to her assistance with an army. However, the Low Countries remained in turmoil; despite his victory at Guinegate (1479), Maximilian was forced (1483) to agree to the Treaty of Arras (see Arras, Treaty of), by which Franche-Comté and Artois passed to France. Mary's premature death, caused by a fall from horseback, left her young son Philip (later Philip I of Castile) her heir, but only in 1493 was Maximilian able to regain control over the Low Countries, where Philip had been a virtual prisoner until 1485. The Treaty of Senlis (1493) with France restored Artois and Franche-Comté to Philip, but Burgundy and Picardy remained French.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Austria and Hungary, History: Biographies


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Letter: Do we really want a government run by religion?
Have you seen those "Religious Freedom" bumper stickers? Everybody's for religious freedom, right? How can you be against that?
But that isn't what those bumper stickers mean. They refer to an employer's "right" to refuse to pay for health insurance that covers birth control pills for their female employees.
Birth control pills have been around since the 60s (50 plus years) and are much more than pills to prevent pregnancy and encourage promiscuity (to their way of thinking.) They help prevent anemia, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. They treat endometriosis and dysmenorrhea. In short, they are part of the medical arsenal to help women maintain good health.
But the zealots who are behind this push for their "Religious Freedom" only want the "freedom" to cram their idea of religion down your throat. Birth control pills don't fit their religious ideal, so they don't want you to have access to them, whether you are a member of their religion or not.
That's not "Religious Freedom". That is a minority of religious zealots making our government enforce the rules of their religion on everyone else. Do we really want a government run by religion? How has that worked in the Middle East?
— Kim MacCloskey, Durand


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The Los Angeles Times has a story that provides an inside look at the attitudes that have contributed to Greece's fiscal collapse. Let's start with Olga Stefou, who is a good (or bad) symbol for her nation's downfall. She protests in favor of bigger government, naively asserting that the budget shortfall can be solved by pulling 122 troops out of Afghanistan and taxing the Orthodox Church. Olga's entitlement mentality is not unusual. The story also notes that young Greek women think a government job is the most desirable thing in a potential mate. At the risk of being politically incorrect, the people of Greece (at least the ones in the moocher class) deserve a miserable future.
Olga Stefou is 20. She speaks passable English and studies political science. These days she goes into the streets to shout slogans against the government and the International Monetary Fund. She has no choice, she says: She believes that upon graduation she'll be lucky to land a job that pays $500 a month. "I'll be forced to live with my parents and work three jobs," she said, pausing among the throngs trickling into the street as a recent demonstration got underway. "I'll be doomed to a fate I haven't chosen. This is the state of my generation." Stefou believes that the government is bound to respond to her discontent. And she has suggestions: Greece should make up its budget shortfall by pulling its 122 troops from Afghanistan and levying steep taxes on the Orthodox Church rather than squeezing the workers, she says. The government is "in some way afraid of us," Stefou said with a shrug. "There are too many of us." A hot spring night was creeping over Athens. Thousands of demonstrators packed the street; many of them looked to be about Stefou's age. They marched in a slow circle down Stadiou Street to Parliament and then back again, yelling slogans: "Down with the junta of the IMF!" "Euro is here and it makes you poorer!" "Thieves, thieves, banks, stockbrokers and politicians!" …Last year, Michas did a study of Greek marriage agencies. He found that the top attribute sought by middle-class young women in a potential mate was a job in the civil service or the military. Government service has long been prized because of the elaborate set of benefits attached to the position. "This is the mind-set now," Michas said. "It's a culture of dependency, first on parents, and it becomes a dependency on the state."


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By Crystal S. Anderson, PhD
Elon University, NC (U.S).
Some people think that male K-pop groups are all the same. However, research suggests that fans differ in their attitudes towards individual male K-pop groups. Responses collected from fans of Super Junior and BigBang reveal that they also hold different opinions on their music and group dynamic. Such responses suggest that while some do not distinguish between male K-pop groups, fans do.
Media Representations of Male K-pop Groups
Because many male K-pop groups are idol groups, they tend to be painted with the same broad, generalized brush. Sometimes, they are described as being too similar to each other. An editorial in The Korea Times, suggests that people "seem fed up with similar 'idol' dance groups cropping up like mushroom[s]."
Other times, they are seen as promoting the same musical style or image. Part of this is attributed to the training program Korean agencies use for idols. Solee I. Shin and Lanu Kim argue that "constant monitoring of the tastes and preferences of the consumers and factoring the successful elements back into the products. . . [make] successful products increasingly predictable and. . . homogenizes the entire domestic music scene." Nabeela at seoulbeats echoes the concern about groups being the same by speculating about "how much of the content in K-entertainment is standardized and recycled."
Fan Responses
However, a comparison of the responses from fans of Super Junior and BigBang reveals that fans like the groups for different reasons. This data represents a convenience sample collected via an online survey between December 8, 2012 and May 1, 2013. Respondents were asked to explain why they considered themselves a fan of the respective groups. 80 respondents identified themselves as fans of Super Junior, and 119 respondents identified themselves as fans of BigBang. Of these 199 respondents, 95.7% were women and 4.3% were men. Participants were: Asian (42.3%), White (41.2%), Latino (8.4%) and Black (7.9%). They largely hail from the United States, Hungary, United Kingdom, Philippines and Australia. Respondents range in age: 32.6% were 16-18, 31.6% were 18-21, 12.8% were 22-25, 14.4% were 25-30 and 8.6% were 30 and over. This data was analyzed using phenomenological methods.
Both fandoms cite music as a major factor in the appeal of the groups, but Super Junior fans liked the upbeat nature of the music, while BigBang fans valued the edgy and unique nature of the group's music.
Super Junior fans like the cheerful nature of the music. One respondent noted: "I can listen to their songs any time even if I sad or depressed" (Anderson). Another stated: "Their music always makes me smile no matter how depressed I am" (Anderson). Super Junior fans also cited the pop-oriented style that the group reflects, as well as a range of styles. One respondent wrote: "Their music has gone from happy, bubbly pop to funky dance tracks" (Anderson).
Reviews of Super Junior albums reveal that the group is generally known for pop-oriented fare that also ranges across genres. Jung Bae describes their 2012 release, Mr. Simple, as "cleanly divided into club/dance and pop ballad(s)," where singles like "Opera" are "a standout, paced by an intoxicating stutter beat and a sublime sense of kinetic energy throughout." Emily Wu references the "Super Junior Funky Style" in her review of the album: "It contains a catchy and addicting tune and melody that is sure to grab your attention from the get-go."
BigBang fans focused more on the unique nature of the music. Some cited the specific genre of hip-hop as a major reason for the appeal of the group. One respondent noted: "Their style of music is what I enjoy most in American music, even if I don't listen to American music as much anymore. Hip hop and R&B were genres that I grew up on but then it started changing too much for me. But Big Bang has a style to them that makes me love the genre all over again" (Anderson). Such opinions dovetail into another theme that emerged from the responses, namely, the unique nature of the group in respect to BigBang's music. One respondent noted: "Their music caught me when I first listened to it and it is nice to listen to whenever I want to something different then the usual Kpop" (Anderson). Another noted: "Their music is distinguishable and stands out amist all of Kpop" (Anderson). BigBang has a reputation for being more adventurous in terms of their music.
Ashleigh Gregory describes the 2011 album Alive as partaking in a range of genres: "This album combines a variety of safe, pop style songs and pairs them up with slightly more experimental electro sounding tracks that create a great mix and leaves you wanting to replay the album as soon as it's done." Such eclecticism makes its way into their live shows as well. Jon Caramanica writes: "The band wove an interpolation of the signature guitar crunch of Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit" into a song. Multiple members of the group beatbox, a technique that's hardly, if ever, used in mainstream American hip-hop, its birthplace, but is a routine part of the K-pop star arsenal."
Group Dynamic
Both fandoms cite group dynamic as another major factor in the appeal of the groups, but Super Junior fans describe that dynamic in terms of cooperation and a close-knit bond, while BigBang fans focus on the individual members' contribution to the group.
Despite the large number of members, Super Junior fans described the group as close-knit. Some respondents focused on how they act as one or a team. One respondent noted: "They have their own personality but still can be one" (Anderson). Another wrote: "Not typical boyband material. They have a strong bond despite being a huge group" (Anderson). Other respondents focused on the close bond between members and several used the metaphor of family. One wrote: "Watching their bond as a group really influenced me. Seeing how they trust each other. I can feel and see their brotherly love, how they care about each other" (Anderson). Another wrote: "Super Junior are a big group because they have lots of members but despite that they all get along like a family" (Anderson). Another responded: "What I really like from them is their close relationship with each other. They are truly like a family, they're like brothers" (Anderson).
This may be related to fans watching Super Junior's participation in extra-musical activities in the form of television and radio appearances. Members of Super Junior hosted and/or starred in the Korean variety show Strong Heart from 2009-2012 and the radio show Kiss the Radio from 2006 to the present. In these spaces, fans develop opinions about the dynamic between the members. One respondent wrote: "I understand and love that they're an entertainment group with members doing radio shows, acting, variety shows and hosting! This has given me the chance to get to know them through many mediums and it's reassuring to know that at least a few members are still active during their non-promotional period!" (Anderson). In addition to scripted shows, Super Junior also appears on variety shows, which are often based on improvisation and require more participation. One respondent noted: "I didn't actually like Super Junior much at first, but I kept watching them on variety shows that I liked and the SJ members were always making me laugh so much" (Anderson).
While fans of BigBang cite group dynamic as part of the appeal of the group, they focus on the individual members within the group. Most respondents focused on the unique nature of the individual members. One wrote: "I also like how distinct the members are from each other" (Anderson). Another said: "Each member has their own talents and strengths when it comes to vocally and lyric writing and Big Bang along with YG utilizes that talent extremely well" (Anderson). Still another wrote: "Each of the members have very different but equally interesting styles from their style of singing to the dancing" (Anderson). Others cited individual members as part of their reason for liking the group. Of these responses, the largest number cited G-Dragon as their reason for liking the group. One respondent noted: "G-Dragon has also been very successful on his own drawing me into the group as a whole" (Anderson). Another noted: "G-Dragon is probably one of the reasons why I like Big Bang so much. I like the music he produces and I appreciate that a lot since not all groups produce their own music. The fact that someone from the group produces their own music is pretty awesome" (Anderson).
What Does It Mean?
Fans of Super Junior like the group because they are traditional idol group. They like the pop nature of their music. They value the camaraderie they see within the group as a result of television and radio appearances. In contrast, fans of BigBang like the group because they challenge this notion of a traditional idol group. Despite being the product of the same kind of training system that produced Super Junior, they see the group as more innovative and creative in their music. They perceive the group as a collection of individuals rather than a cohesive unit. Because of the fewer number of television appearances, their fans may not develop the same kind of sense of camaraderie among the group.
Fans of Super Junior and BigBang represent just two individual K-pop fandoms, but this comparison suggests that fans do not view male K-pop groups in the same way.
"BIGBANG – FANTASTIC BABY M/V." 6 Mar 2012. YouTube. Web. 19 Dec 2013.
"Super Junior 슈퍼주니어_Mr.Simple_MUSICVIDEO." 3 Aug 2011. YouTube. Web. 19 Dec 2013.
Anderson, Crystal. "Super Junior/BigBang Data Set." Unpublished raw data.
Bae, Jung. "Album Review: Super Junior – Mr. Simple" hellokpop. 12 Aug 2011. Web. 19 Dec 2013.
Caramanica, Jon. "BigBang Performs at the Prudential Center." The New York Times. 9 Nov 2012.
Gregory, Ashleigh. "[UnitedKpop K-pop Album Review] March: BigBang – Alive." UnitedKpop. 26 Mar 2012.
Nabeela. "Does Hallyu Only Have a Short Time Left on a Global Stage?" seoulbeats. 27 May 2012. Web. 19 Dec 2013.
Shin, Solee I. and Lanu Kim. "Organizing K-pop: Emergence and Market Making of Large Korean Entertainment Houses, 1980-2010." East Asia (December 2013): doi 10.1007/s12140-013-9200-0.
"Will 'Hallyu' Last Long?" The Korea Times. 10 Aug 2012. Web. 19 Dec 2013.
Wu, Emily. "Album Review: Super Junior – Mr. Simple. " Ningin (blog). 2 Aug 2011. Web. 19 Dec 2013.
Bring The Boys Out!: Fan Attitudes on Male Kpop Groups Differ by Crystal S. Anderson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


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So Good To See Buck Showalter Again (Not)
Update: Within an hour of posting this, I got an email from an old friend who used to be a national baseball writer for a major metropolitan newspaper. He reports that when Buck Showalter was the manager of the Arizona Diamondbacks, he pulled the same stunt on him as I outlined here. So we have a recidivist Manager-Who-Throws-His-Players-Under-The-Bus.


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Electric eye on America: US set to deploy drones for home use
The US Army has completed a two-week demonstration of a new ground-based sensor system for its drones. It now hopes to get the drones certified for domestic flights, but critics are concerned that their use could breach privacy rights.
The demonstrations took place at the Dugway Proving Ground in Utah, and involved testing the Ground Based Sense and Avoid (GBSAA) system for the MQ-1C Gray Eagle Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The drone has been on duty in Afghanistan, but the Army now hopes to deploy it at home.The Pentagon hopes to send the Gray Eagles to five bases throughout the country: Fort Hood (TX), Fort Riley (KS), Fort Stewart (GA), Fort Campbell (KY) and Fort Bragg (NC). However, it first needs to get the drones certified with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). In February, Congress tasked the FAA with coming up with a plan to integrate rules for drones into domestic aircraft regulations. Under the FAA Modernization and Reform Act, the aviation authority was to produce rules for the certification of the first UAVs to be used by law enforcement and emergency response agencies in May. Licenses for these drones are to be issued in August. While UAVs are actively deployed by the US military for operations in hot spots like Afghanistan, Pakistan and Yemen, it appears that the government and private companies are now eying their potential uses in the civilian sector. "UAVs, commonly known as drones, offer real promise for an array of domestic applications," John Villasenor, a nonresident senior fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, wrote in an opinion piece in The Washington Post. "In an era of ever-tighter budgets, they could dramatically reduce the cost to law enforcement agencies and private companies involved in gathering vital — in some cases, lifesaving — information."Potential applications for drones by various government and state agencies include monitoring traffic, inspecting pollution and supervising borders. In Texas, the Montgomery County Sheriffs Office got hold of a pilotless Shadowhawk chopper. The county police had hoped that eventually the unmanned helicopter could be equipped with weapons like flares, smoke grenades, tasers and rubber bullets to subdue a crowd. However, much to their dismay, a prototype Shadowhawk crashed into a SWAT van during a photo op. This raised the important issue of safety – especially when operating a UAV in a crowded urban area. Drones also have an ample variety of commercial uses. In fact, this has already been shown by real estate agents in Los Angeles, who deployed a chopper drone to photograph their clients' homes. However, it turned out that they were breaching current FAA regulations, which state that unmanned aerial vehicles can only be operating within the line of sight and at altitudes bellow 400 feet. The deployment of drones at home carries a covey of issues, most importantly privacy and safety. Current regulations, as stipulated by Supreme Court cases such as California v. Ciraolo and Florida v. Riley, do not prohibit the government from spying without a warrant on individuals and their property from "public navigable space." Extending the same regulations to drones could mean that it would be legal to perpetually hover over somebody's backyard and conduct 24-hour surveillance of their property. There have already been reports of drones being used by the US government to spy on citizens at home. Journalist Joseph Farah, a known Obama critic, said he recently spotted a drone hovering over his residence in rural Virginia.Organizations like the American Civil Liberties Union have already expressed their concern over the domestic deployment of drones, saying privacy could be jeopardized by drone use for widespread public surveillance. In response to this concern, the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) published a "Code of Conduct" for drone manufacturers and operators. The guidelines stipulate the importance of safety, and underscore the importance of preserving the right to privacy. "We will respect the rights of other users of the airspace," the rules read. "We will respect the privacy of individuals."However, the "Code of Conduct" is merely a set of non-binding guidelines, with no guarantees that they would be heeded by the government or private drone operators. This paves way for a future in which an "eye in the sky" will always be "looking at you." Lets just hope it won't be able to read your mind.