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NEW YORK — "The Receptionist: An Education at The New Yorker" (Algonquin), by Janet Groth
During the peak "Mad Men" era and beyond, Janet Groth spent over two decades — 1957 to 1978 — as a receptionist for The New Yorker, watching a parade of famous writers, poets, cartoonists and editors pass by her desk on the 18th floor of the magazine's midtown office building. But unlike the determined Peggy Olson on "Mad Men," Groth never rose through the ranks of the magazine as she expected to. Instead, she stayed at her post for 21 years, not marking time exactly — she earned a Ph.D. and taught at Vassar during that period — but never becoming the writer she dreamed of being.
Groth uses her slim memoir partly to ponder why she was never published or offered a staff position on the magazine, other than a short stint in the art department that went nowhere. The pre-feminist era and her own insecurity and identity crises played a role, she says. But most of the book is devoted to memories of all the experiences her post did offer. She chronicles her entrance interview with E.B. White, being wined and dined semi-platonically by writer Joseph Mitchell, befriending the Scottish writer Muriel Spark and being seduced and betrayed by a cavalier cartoonist whom she does not name.
This is not a juicy tell-all — Groth remained an outsider as much as she was an insider at the magazine throughout her tenure, and legendary editor William Shawn stays a shadowy figure on the floor above throughout the book. Instead, she paints a picture of a naive Midwesterner with a mane of thick blond hair coming of age in the 1960s and 1970s, experiencing the era's turbulent politics and sexual revolution, all from behind the receptionist desk. She chronicles the ups and downs of her love life — which improved once she learned to avoid cartoonists — and tells of finding lasting love at the (then) relatively old age of 39.
Groth chafes a bit at being rebuffed by the magazine over the years — a Talk of the Town she pens gets lost, she's told there are no openings at the Briefly Noted books section — but acknowledges her attempts to be published were few and far between. And she notes that there were many other benefits her place at The New Yorker afforded her: trips to Europe, 12 years of graduate school and time off to teach, and countless invitations to cultural and social events, which color the full and varied life she recounts in the memoir.
In 1978, she finally ends her tenure at the magazine to take a job as a professor at the University of Cincinnati, and the elusive Shawn appears at her party to present her with a single red rose.
"I suppose you could say it was the end of an era," she writes.


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Whole grains, honey and applesauce make a sweet cake
My grandma Ursula relied on honey to solve nearly any culinary or health problem. Have a nagging nighttime cough? Swallow a spoonful of honey. Chocolate sauce not smooth enough? A dab of honey will do it.
My mom loved honey, too, favoring the creamy spun variety, which she smeared on toasted hunks of white bread slathered with butter. And her go-to dessert was a sweet apple-honey Rosh Hashana-style torte she learned to make during a short period in my childhood when we celebrated both Christian and Jewish holidays.
Now in my own home, I add a dollop of honey to sweeten smoothies or iced tea, steep it with rosemary and brush it on salmon, or drizzle it on top of ricotta or Greek yogurt with roasted fruit for a quick dessert.
And with school back in session, I'm back in the business of baking up one of my kids' favorites — a simple snack cake inspired by the apple-honey torte my mom used to make. Because it's technically a quick bread, the whole thing takes just 10 minutes to assemble (mix wet and dry ingredients separately, then together) and about 30 minutes to bake. The hardest part of this recipe is getting the ingredients out of the cupboard.
If I'm feeling fancy, I'll make a bright citrusy glaze, which is a nice counterpoint to the warm notes of autumn spices and honey. It's a perfect not-too-sweet dessert, a great dunking companion for afternoon tea or espresso, and an ideal afterschool snack with a tall glass of milk.
I use whole-wheat pastry flour for a little extra fiber and nutrition, and with the beautiful spices, the slightly darker color seems right at home in this cake. Most of the oil has been pulled in favor of applesauce. To keep it easy, I use pumpkin pie spice, but you could easily substitute a combination of nutmeg, cinnamon and allspice.
The resulting cake captures all the floral goodness and nostalgia of honey in one tender bite. But if you prefer, feel free to replace half of the honey with brown sugar.
Start to finish: 40 minutes (10 minutes active)
Servings: 10
1 cup white whole-wheat flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
¼ teaspoon baking soda
½ teaspoon ground cinnamon
¼ teaspoon pumpkin pie spice
½ teaspoon kosher salt
1 egg
½ cup unsweetened applesauce
½ cup honey
2 tablespoons butter, melted (or vegetable oil)
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 teaspoon grated orange zest
3 tablespoons orange juice, divided
½ cup powdered sugar, sifted
Heat the oven to 350 F. Coat a 9-inch round cake pan with baking spray.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, pumpkin pie spice and salt. In a separate bowl, whisk together the egg, applesauce, honey, butter, vanilla, orange zest and 1 tablespoon of the orange juice. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and whisk using a gentle folding motion until the batter is uniform.
Pour the batter into the prepared pan. Bake until the top is golden and the cake springs back under light pressure, 25 to 30 minutes. Cool for 10 minutes in the pan, then transfer to a rack to cool completely.
Meanwhile, to make the glaze, in a small bowl whisk together the remaining 2 tablespoons of orange juice and the powdered sugar. Once the cake is cooled, drizzle with the glaze.
Nutrition information per serving: 160 calories; 25 calories from fat (16 percent of total calories); 3 g fat (1.5 g saturated; 0 g trans fats); 25 mg cholesterol; 33 g carbohydrate; 2 g fiber; 21 g sugar; 2 g protein; 190 mg sodium.
Food Network star Melissa d'Arabian is an expert on healthy eating on a budget. She is the author of the upcoming cookbook, "Supermarket Healthy." http://www.melissadarabian.net

subset: commoncrawl


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Kids These Days Are Sellouts
Want to know what's wrong with kids these days? Good. I'll tell you. In my day, we had a concept known as "selling out." These days, there is new concept, called "selling out." Kids love it!
Almost everyone sells out sooner or later, but it's pretty fucking depressing to see an entire generation of 21 year-olds who should be doing drugs and talking stupidly about The Revolution instead doing drugs and talking stupidly about which brands are Real. Kids these days will argue with you until the weed runs out over whether or not selling out even exists any more.
You fools. Selling out will always exist. The less you believe it exists, the more The Dark Side wins. Kids these days are met with the sellout armies—water bottle-toting "brand ambassadors" lying about wanting to "help" you, the student—as soon as they arrive on campus.
"We are the people who understand what kinds of things the students will be open to," says Alex Stegall, a Carolina junior who recruited about 20 members of her sorority for the American Eagle promotion. "It's marketing for the students, by the students."
Wrong. It's marketing for a corporation, of course. And by the way kids, "marketing" will never be "cool." It is, as a concept, diametrically opposed to coolness. It does not matter if you use the product in question yourself. Your life, and any art you choose to make with it, have a potential that goes far beyond "informing my peers about the new American Eagle items for sale this season." Don't sell yourself short. It's much better to look back one day and be embarrassed about your AdBusters subscription than it is to look down, at your desk, in a marketing agency, where you work, thanks to your enthusiasm as a Campus Brand Ambassador.
Where are the drug dealers, hippies, artistes, musicians, and angry left-wing campus political factions to balance out this bullshit? Kids these days don't have role models. We faceless, ranting, unaccountable bloggers can't do it all ourselves! Kids should be reading Noam Chomsky and listening to KRS-One (early KRS-One, before he started doing the Nike ads) and making angry music about how all the sellouts out there are destroying real music with their money and lies. Instead they're taking their own angry music into a studio run by Converse, which hands out free studio time in exchange for the right to the one thing it can't buy directly: the halo effect of superficially cool young people. Converse invites you to sell out without even getting paid.
On Tuesday in Studio B, a small room, a rapper named Najee the 1 was recording "Elevated," a song about his troubled life that he hoped would be spiritually uplifting. When he could not remember a lyric, his manager, Marat Berenstein, told him to check his iPad.
"We'd like to aim for licensing opportunities," Mr. Berenstein said of the recording. With that in mind, they debated a lyric about marijuana.
"We can't sacrifice the art completely," Najee said.
Mr. Berenstein, 28, whose profile on Google + reads, "I've accepted my position in life as a winner, as a leader, as the example," said he would work only with a brand whose products he and Najee would use. "We all wear Converse," he said. "That's the reason we're here. And if they were here" - referring to Converse executives - "we'd say we love Converse."
It's called being co-opted, and it is what's happening. Wake the fuck up, kids. Don't sell out before you have to. You don't even have any bills to pay yet.


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The Politics of Competitive Board Gaming Amongst Friends
Jay Cheel's friends play Settlers of Catan. Soda is poured, chips prepared, the board laid out, and then...a ruckus ensues. In this documentary, Cheel reveals the fractured relationships within one group of friends who play, fight, and eat snacks.
Sample exchange:
Gerry: "I remember screaming, and I'm not sure if I was intelligible or what I was screaming. Yeah, I can't remember, but it has nothing to do with my losing my temper that I can't remember." Zak: "I think he may have said that he hated us all and he was sick of the game."
Language warning: two f-bombs, late in the video.
The Politics of Competitive Board Gaming Amongst Friends from Jay Cheel on Vimeo.
Okay, friends -- you know this video describes your lives. Who here has a board game nemesis?


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National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) President Jon Caspers says the release of Australia's final risk assessment on pork imports moves the NPPC very close to supporting the recently approved U.S.-Australian Free Trade Agreement.
"Unfortunately, the Australian government is recommending that U.S. pork imports be restricted because of concerns about the transmissibility of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) through imported pork to Australian hogs," says Caspers. "The risk assessment limits the U.S. to the Australian market for processed pork or unprocessed pork for further processing in Australia. We are not being permitted to sell unprocessed U.S. pork to the Australian consumer."
The U.S. should have complete access to the Australian market because there is no significant risk of spread of PRRS and PMWS from imported pork to domestic livestock.


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• 100% combed and ring-spun cotton
• Pre-shrunk fabric
• Side-seamed construction
• Shoulder-to-shoulder taping
This product is made especially for you as soon as you place an order, which is why it takes us a bit longer to deliver it to you. Making products on demand instead of in bulk helps reduce overproduction, so thank you for making thoughtful purchasing decisions!
3-6 business days
I'll do my best to meet these shipping estimates, but can't guarantee them. Actual delivery time will depend on the shipping method you choose.
Buyers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply. I'm not responsible for delays due to customs.
Just contact me within: 3 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 7 days of delivery
Buyers are responsible for return shipping costs. If the item is not returned in its original condition, the buyer is responsible for any loss in value.
All design, marketing, and customer support is done in Charleston, SC, and our production partner is located worldwide.
We're partnered with a full-service printing company - this means, they print our designs, pack, and ship your order. We use a printing production partner because they help us achieve our mission in sustainable fashion. They have facilities all over the world, and allow us to provide fast worldwide shipping, which is also better for the environment.
Not at this time.
Yes, the buyer is responsible for all customs charges that might occur.
We're happy to accept returns on all items. Buyer is responsible for all return shipping costs. View our full return & refund policy on our Etsy shop page.
One in every five garments reaches a landfill without being worn even once. Sustainability matters to our customers, our team, and of course, the planet. Our goal is to provide a less wasteful way of production by making our products to order, and printing with a production partner that also values sustainability. By choosing to purchase from businesses that make products to order, you choose apparel that's created only as the order is placed, creating less fabric waste than conventional manufacturing. We use PCR (post-consumer recycled) packaging for all of our apparel, and some products sourced are made of recycled materials or organic cotton. We've only got one planet, and we have to take care of it.
Mar 29, 2023


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By Jamie Crawford
In the annals of American history, the famous photo taken by Pete Souza of President Barack Obama and his national security team monitoring 'Operation Neptune's Spear'–the Navy SEALs raid that killed Osama bin Laden– has achieved icon status. Splashed across newspapers and television screens across the world, the tension in the room seemed palpable to all who saw it. But an interesting footnote to the famous photo is that it was not taken in the actual Situation Room at the White House.
As CNN Terrorism Analyst Peter Bergen reports in his new book "Manhunt," about the decade long search for bin Laden, the room where the photo was taken is actually a smaller room adjoined to the larger Situation Room. Like the Situation Room, the smaller room has secure video and phone communications, but it has a table that can only accommodate seven people Bergen writes, as opposed to the larger table next door which can seat more than a dozen.
Brigadier General Marshall "Brad" Webb, assistant commanding general of Joint Special Operations Command who sits in the center of the famous photo, was monitoring the operation on a screen through a laptop computer. Michael Leiter, then director of the National Counterterrorism Center, went into the room to watch the feed that was being relayed from a secret drone. Secretaries Clinton, Gates, and Vice President Biden soon followed. Moments later Bergen reports, the president walked in and said, "I need to watch this," as he seated himself next to Webb.
In the days and months that followed, many of the people in the room have reflected on that crucial time in U.S. history, what it meant to them, and what they were thinking.
President Barack Obama:
In a recent interview with NBC News, Obama said he thinks the photo was taken at about the time the helicopter went down.
In the days after the raid, Obama told CBS's 60 Minutes that the raid was "the longest 40 minutes" of his life with the possible exception of when his younger daughter Sasha became sick with meningitis when she was three months old.
When they received word the helicopters carrying the Navy SEALs and the bin Laden body had left Pakistani airspace, the first person Obama called was his immediate predecessor, former President George W. Bush to inform him of the operation. Obama also called former President Bill Clinton that evening as well.
Vice President Joe Biden:
Vice President Joe Biden was opposed to going forward with the raid all the way up to the point when Obama made the decision to proceed. In remarks to House Democrats at their annual retreat earlier this year, Biden recalled the final moments before the commander-in-chief made his decision. Obama went around the table of his senior national security team to get their thoughts on whether the operation should go forward.
"He got to me. He said Joe what do you think," Biden recalled. "I said, we owe the man a direct answer. Mr. President, my suggestion is, don't go. We have to do two more things to see if he's there."
Biden told an audience in New York last week that Obama's decision to ultimately go ahead with decision shows the president has a "backbone like a ramrod."
Anthony Blinken – National Security Advisor to Vice President Biden:
On the morning of April 29, President Obama gathered with Tom Donilon, his national security adviser, White House Chief of Staff William Daley, Deputy National Security Advisor Denis McDonough, and his counterterrorism adviser, John Brennan, and told the men he had made the decision to go forward with the operation. Anthony Blinken, Biden's national security adviser heard the news shortly thereafter.
In an interview with Bergen, Blinken was somewhat surprised of the decision.
"I thought, 'Man, that is a gutsy call," Blinken told Bergen. "First, we don't know for sure bin Laden is there; the evidence is circumstantial. Second, most of his senior advisors recommended a different course of action."
Obama's presidency and the lessons of history also hung in the balance Blinken thought.
"Leaving that meeting, I think a lot of people had visions of Jimmy Carter in their heads," Blinken told Bergen in reference to the failed attempt by the Carter administration in 1980 to rescue the Americans held hostage at the U.S. embassy in Iran.
John Brennan – Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism:
White House counter-terrorism adviser John Brennan recently told an audience at NYPD headquarters in New York that once Obama made the "gutsy call" to approve the mission, "the minutes passed like hours and days."
When an NYPD official asked Brennan what it was like to be at the White House that evening, Brennan said there "wasn't a sense of exuberance, there were no high fives," he said. "People let out a breath. It was a moment of reflection. This was something we'd all worked toward for a long time."
Brennan recalled leaving the White House at 1:30am and passing by Lafayette Park, where many people had gathered and were chanting, "USA, USA." Brennan said he was hit by a wave of emotion. "I had goose bumps," he said.
James Clapper – Director of National Intelligence:
Clapper told Security Clearance "the tension in the air was palpable" particularly when the helicopter encountered its problem. "There was a lot of tension, and then as it became clear that we were reasonably sure that yes, it was Usama bin Laden, there was, if I can use the phrase, not only emotional closure, but functional closure in that operation illustrated the effectiveness of what an integrated intelligence and operational community could accomplish," he said.
Clapper told Security Clearance he walked with the President through the Rose Garden on their way to the East Room where Obama addressed the nation. It was the first time they had been outdoors for 12 hours, and they could hear the crowds in Lafayette Park. "It was then that it hit me what a momentous event this was, and I'll not forget that" Clapper said.
"It is hard for me to recall a single vignette that carried with it so much importance, and so much symbolism for this country," Clapper said. "As an intelligence professional that has spent 50 years in the business, I cannot remember an event that would approach that raid and its success in my memory."
Hillary Clinton – Secretary of State:
For Secretary Clinton, who was a U.S. Senator from New York on 9/11, the operation provided a sense of closure to her she said recently in an address at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis. "We did our very best to try to give the president our honest assessment, and ultimately you know it was his decision which I fully supported because I believed that we had to take the risk and it was a risk."
Watch as Hillary Clinton recounts the mood at the White House during the bin Laden raid.
"It was a pretty intense, tense, stressful time because the people who were actually doing it on the ground were thousands of miles away," she said. "I'm not sure anyone breathed for you know 35 or 37 minutes."
"I wasn't even aware people were taking pictures, the White House photographer obviously was, but you were just so concentrating on what you could see and you could hear. We could see or hear nothing when [the SEALs] went into the house. There was no communication or feedback coming so it was during that time period everyone was particularly focused on just trying to keep calm and keep prepared as to what would happen," Clinton said.
William Daley – White House Chief of Staff:
President Obama's former chief of staff might have come closest to tipping off the press that something monumental was in the works before Obama made his historic address to the nation.
That Saturday evening, Obama, Daley, and many other senior administration officials were attending the annual White House Correspondents Association dinner in Washington. George Stephanopoulos of ABC News had heard from someone that the White House had uncharacteristically closed itself to public tours the next morning. "You guys have something big going on over there?" Bergen writes of Stephanopoulos's surprising query to Daley. "Oh no. It's just a plumbing issue," Daley said, seemingly ending the newsman's curiosity.
In an address to a conference of public relations executives in Chicago last week, Daley called that night of the operation at the White House the "biggest moment of my life in a professional sense."
Tom Donilon – National Security Adviser:
"Well, obviously we're thinking about the successful and safe completion of the mission," Donilon told CNN's Candy Crowley a week after the raid. "That was first and foremost in everybody's mind as we were monitoring the mission as it was ongoing."
"You know, as I look at the picture now though, and focus in on the president, having served three presidents," Donilon told Crowley, "you really are struck by these being quintessentially presidential decisions, and you see it in new experiences that you have."
For Donilon, who watched the president receive divided opinions from his advisers on whether to go forward with the mission, "that's what strikes me now, looking at the president, is that we ask our presidents to make these exceedingly difficult decisions," Donilon said. "And at the end of the day, 300 million Americans are looking to him to make the right decision."
Robert Gates – Secretary of Defense:
Gates, who was the only hold over in Obama's cabinet from the previous administration, said for him, the most difficult moment for him that evening was when one of the Blackhawk helicopters carrying a Navy SEALs team crashed in the courtyard of the bin Laden compound.
Like Biden, he was opposed to the operation involving the SEALs. Gates, who spent a majority of his career at the C.I.A. and was the intelligence liaison at the White House in 1980 during the failed attempt to rescue the American hostages held in Iran, advocated for a much larger operation.
"Well, I think like the rest, I was just transfixed," Gates told CBS's 60 Minutes last year. "And of course, my heart went to my mouth when the helicopter landed in the courtyard, 'cause I knew that wasn't part of the plan. But these guys were just amazing."
Admiral Mike Mullen – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs:
For Mullen, there was also a concern about whether the White House would interfere after the helicopter went down.
Mullen told Bergen his biggest concern "was that someone at the White House would reach in and start micromanaging the mission. It is potentially the great disadvantage about technology that we have these days," he said. "And I was going to put my body in the way of trying to stop that. Obviously, there was one person I couldn't stop doing that, and that was the president."
Audry Tomason – National Counterterrorism Center:
CNN reached out to Audrey Tomason to get her reflections of that evening, but she was unavailable for comment.
Brigadier General Marshall "Brad" Webb – Assistant Commanding General, Joint Special Operations Command:
Webb was the senior officer in the room from Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC). The commanding officer of JSOC, Admiral William McRaven, briefed the officials on the operation from his position in Afghanistan. Webb declined to comment to CNN about his role in the operation, or his reflections of the evening.
Denis McDonough – Deputy National Security Advisor:
"I think what strikes me about the picture more than anything is the fact that it speaks to the teamwork that was emblematic," McDonough told CNN's Wolf Blitzer the day after the operation. "The broader teamwork from the IAC, the intelligence community, from the military, from our diplomats, to make sure that this happened in the successful way that it did."
Leon Panetta – Central Intelligence Agency Director:
Panetta, who at that point was the Director of the C.I.A. at the agency headquarters in Langley, VA that evening, but was communicating with Obama and his team via a video link. The Title 50 operation called for the C.I.A. to have operational control, so everyone at the White House was listening to Panetta narrate what was happening.
"There were a number of tense moments going through the operation," now Defense Secretary Panetta said on his way back to the United States from South America last week. "Just the fact that having these helicopters going 150 miles into Pakistan, and the concern about whether or not they would be detected." When one of the helicopters went down at the compound, Panetta said it was "pretty nerve-wracking for a lot of us that, you know, trying to figure out what happens now."
When they received confirmation from the SEAL team that they had killed bin Laden, Panetta said there was a "huge sigh of relief by everybody involved." But with a disabled helicopter down at the compound, it had to be destroyed by members of the team before they were able to leave Pakistani territory. "And so there was a lot of concern about the ability to get everybody back to Afghanistan," Panetta said. "But we were able to do that, and it was at that point that I think everybody kind of looked at everybody and said, 'mission accomplished."
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In the various disputes over Hansen et al 1988, Roger Pielke Jr and NASA apologist Eli Rabett (who has been said to be occasional NASA contractor Josh Halpern) have each attempted to disentangle the forcing projections implied by Hansen et al 1988 – Pielke here and Rabett here for CO2 and here for other gases.
Commenters on the previous thread have naturally puzzled over the actual differences in GHG projections between Scenario A, B and C and, in an effort to clarify matters, I've attempted to calculate GHG concentrations through to 2030 implementing the assumptions described in Hansen et al 1988. (Roger Jr posted up a chart similar to the ones below for CO2). In another post, I'll apply these results to calculate radiative forcings. I've saved my collations of Hansen projected GHG concentrations for the three scenarios at:
The collation of these tables is shown in the script http://data.climateaudit.org/scripts/hansen/collation.hansen_ghg.txt. I'll review the results some more when I get to radiative forcings, but the differences between major GHG concentrations in Scenario A and B are very slight and it's a little puzzling how the differences arise between the two scenarios. I'll look at each GHG contribution below.
CO2 Projections
One idiosyncrasy that you have to watch in Hansen's descriptions is that he typically talks about growth rates for the increment , rather than growth rates expressed in terms of the quantity. Thus a 1.5% growth rate in the CO2 increment yields a much lower growth rate than a 1.5% growth rate (as an unwary reader might interpret). For CO2, he uses Keeling values to 1981, then:
A: 1.5% growth of annual increment after 1981. Figure B2 shows 15.6 ppmv in 1980s and opening increment set at 1.56 ppmv accordingly.
B: 1.5% increment growth rate to 1990;1% to 2000, 0.5% to 2010 and 0 after 2010. Thus constant 1.9 ppmv increase after 2010.
C: equals A, B through 1985, then 1.5 ppmv increase through 2000; then fixed at 368
Using my procedures, my scenario C leveled off at 369.5, so up to microscopic tuning, I'm confident that I got his procedures correct here (and for similar interpretations below.) The figure below compares CO2 concentrations in the three scenarios to observed concentrations. While Scenario A is "exponential" and Scenario B is "linear" (and NASA spokesman Gavin Schmidt places great weight on this distinction as an argument in favor of B), in the period to the present, there is actually negligible difference between the two versions – so the explanation of the difference between Scenario A and B temperature projections to 2007 does not lie with the difference between exponential and linear CO2 histories, contrary to the impression given by NASA spokesman Gavin Schmidt in his "spare time". Observed values are already over Scenario C values. Policy measures to date appear to have had negligible impact on CO2 concentration increases – the Hansen et al 1988 CO2 projections were quite reasonable, other than a very slight displacement caused in the early 1990s by economic turmoil in Russia, and any discrepancy between model results and observed values cannot be plausibly attributed to CO2 concentration increases being a lot slower than anticipated.
The methane concentration projections presents a very different picture – something that Pat Michaels noted as long ago as his 1998 debate with Hansen. The rate of methane concentration increase declined sharply almost immediately after Hansen's 1988 presentation and have been stable in the 21st century (NASA data shows 2006 values at the same level as 1999 values.) The leveling off has occurred below even Scenario C values. This has occasioned considerable puzzlement in the specialist community (noted in AR4). As an editorial comment, it seems to me that some people who are unsatisfied with explanations of carbon balance (i.e. certain "skeptics") might divert some of their energy into mulling over CH4 concentrations and balances.
Once again, there is negligible difference between Scenarios A and B in terms of CH4 impact – so the explanation of lower Scenario B results has to lie elsewhere.
There's another interesting issue in terms of methane. The figure below shows the A1B (solid) and A2 (dashed) scenarios for methane used by IPCC. While the increases are less than Hansen Scenarios A and B, Scenario A2 in particular shows a very strong continued increase in methane levels, and, even A1B shows continued increases through mid-century. Perhaps the recent stasis is itself an anomaly and methane concentration will resume its earlier increase, but the matter is puzzling.
AR4 doesn't talk much about methane. The chapter 2 summary says (tautologically?):
Methane concentrations are not currently increasing in the atmosphere because growth rates decreased over the last two decades.
Later they say:
The reasons for the decrease in the atmospheric CH4 growth rate and the implications for future changes in its atmospheric burden are not understood (Prather et al., 2001) but are clearly related to changes in the imbalance between CH4 sources and sinks.
So while lower-than-expected methane increases might well account for one of the lower radiative forcing projections being more appropriate to evaluate Hansen's model, this is a bit of a two-edged sword: given that substantial methane increases are included in IPCC projections without, according to IPCC, any understanding of the leveling off of methane concentrations, this indicates a substantial uncertainty in canonical IPCC models, an uncertainty that, to the extent that it is disclosed at all, is buried deep in the fine print.
The figure below compares observed N2O to Hansen A and B projections – Hansen doesn't mention how C projections are done – together with IPCC A1B and A2 projections. Again there is negligible difference between Hansen Scenarios A and B up to 2007 – only a ppbv or so. Total radiative forcing from N2O is said in AR4 (Table 2.1) to be only 0.16 wm-2: so we're getting into very slight impacts with the small changes here.
Again, the figure below makes the same comparison for CF12, the radiative forcing of which in 2005 was said by IPCC AR4 to be 0.17 wm-2, about the same as N2O. Again there is no material difference between Hansen Scenarios A and B through 2010. As with methane, CFC12 concentrations have leveled off slightly below Scenario C levels. IPCC A1B and A2 scenarios appear to be identical, showing a gradual decline through the 21st century. Update: Since I wrote this, I became aware of Hansen data archived, oddly enough at realclimate, which shows that CFC11 and CFC12 concentrations were doubled in Scenario A as a means of modeling Other CFCs and Traces Gases and this accounts for the main near time difference between Scenarios A and B.
CFC11 is said in AR4 to have about 1/3 the forcing of CFC12. As shown below, it has very similar features to CFC11 – negligible difference between Scenarios A and B; actual growth less than Scenario C; projected decline in concentration through the 21st century. Update: Since I wrote this, I became aware of Hansen data archived, oddly enough at realclimate, which shows that CFC11 and CFC12 concentrations were doubled in Scenario A as a means of modeling Other CFCs and Traces Gases and this accounts for the main near time difference between Scenarios A and B.
Other Trace Gases
AR4 Table 2.1 shows other CFCs as having 2005 radiative forcing of only 0.023 wm-2 (about 10% of the two main CFCs) with the total of all other Montreal Protocol gases, on a cursory inspection, looking to have about the same negligible impact as other CFCs. In Scenario A, the "other" trace gases are accounted for by doubling the impact of CFC11 and CFC12, while in Scenarios B and C, they are held to have no incremental impact. So there is a difference between Scenarios A and B here, but it doesn't look like it should have much impact. Update: Notwithstanding the low forcings in AR4, Hansen et al 1988 accounted for these other Trace Gases by doubling CFC11 and CFC12 forcings, which themselves were estimates. This accounts for the main near time difference between Scenarios A and B.
"Speculative" Forcings
Figure B2 of Appendix B of Hansen et al 1988 mentions "speculative" forcings, which, in addition to other CFCs, includes ozone and stratospheric water vapor. These "speculative" forcings occur in Scenario A, but are not included in Scenario B. Hansen says:
Figure B2 summarizes the estimated decadal increments to global greenhouse forcing. The forcings shown by dotted lines in Figure B2 are speculative; their effect was included in scenario A but was excluded in scenarios B and C.
The size of these "speculative" forcings is surprisingly large – being not dissimilar in wm-2 to methane or to observed CO2 increase, for that matter.
The final difference between Scenario A and Scenario B is that Scenario B assumed a major volcano in 1995 (and an actual major volcano, Pinatubo, occurred in 1992.) My understanding was that volcanic forcing was transitory and that such forcing could introduce a change over a year or two, but it would wear off, leaving things more or less as though it had never happened.
Differences between Scenarios A and B
As noted above, in my next post, I'll consider differences in radiative forcing between these scenarios. As a preview, here is Figure 2 from Hansen et al 1988, which shows radiative forcing for CO2 and the total of CO2 and trace gases. As you can see, most of the difference between Scenario A and Scenario B arises from gases other than CO2. Also Hansen Figure 2 shows that a noticeable difference between Scenarios A and B had already arisen by 1987 – something that will need to be examined closely to see exactly which gases are contributing to it, as well as to the increasing differences between the two scenarios for gases other than CO2 by 2010. Right now, based on the review of GHG concentrations, it's hard to see exactly what is accounting for the difference in radiative forcing. Update: As noted in a subsequent post, the handling of Other CFCs and Other Trace Gases accounts for the near time difference.


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Ode to Architectural Cornices
Architectural details fascinate me. Looking up at various historical buildings in and around the Hudson Valley, I always find myself noticing structures topped with decorative cornices.
Cornices date from classical Greek architecture and historically have served both functional and decorative purposes. On the functional side, cornices typically are basic horizontal structures designed to funnel rainwater away from a building's walls and can be as simple as a straight, projecting ledge that caps the top edge of a wall; the term "cornice" actually is derived from the Italian word for ledge.
On the decorative side, however, cornices can be elaborate ornamental structures that add dignity and character to a building. Decorative cornices give a visual break to a building and serve as a counterweight between the lower and thicker sections of a wall and the narrower rooftop edge. Cornices often are enhanced with crown moulding and styles can range from modest dentil mouldings to more complex carved scallops, scrolls, or spirals.
There are three main types of cornices used in residential construction: box cornice, open cornice, and closed cornice. In narrow box cornices of 12 inches or less, the soffit board is nailed directly to the bottom side of the roof rafters; wider box cornices typically will require additional support members, called lookouts, which provide a nailing base for the soffit. Open cornices typically are used in more contemporary and rustic designs, and leave the undersides of the rafters and roof exposed. Closed cornices are used in cases where the rafters do not project beyond the wall; the bottom of the roof overhang is closed off and finished with a straight board called a frieze, and also can be embellished with moulding.
Although in the past, cornices were hand-crafted on site, today there are a wide variety of pre-fabricated solutions available that can save time and money, and are well within the reach of the savvy do-it-yourselfer. Typical pre-fabricated cornice materials include plywood, fiberboard, metal, fiberglass and polyurethane foam. These systems are sold in standard widths, ranging from 12 to 48 inches, and standard lengths ranging from 8 to 12 feet.
Related: Bob Vila's Guide to Historic House Styles
Pre-fabricated cornice sections typically are factory-primed and can be finished in a wide variety of treatments, including exterior paint, gel-coat, faux stone, faux metallic, and other attractive coatings. Complementary pre-finished soffit and finishing trim kits also are available to create a uniform appearance on a building's exterior. There are also many custom options available, including cast stone, aluminum and wood, although these are typically more expensive.
Cornices can add value and help protect a building from the debilitating effects of rainwater, snow, and ice. A variety of both basic and embellished designs are available to suit myriad architectural styles and budgets. And the one thing all cornices have in common is that they draw the eye and finish a structure in an aesthetically pleasing fashion—a trait that fans of both new and old construction can appreciate.
For more on architectural details and history, consider:
A Case for Moldings
10 Ways to Bring Historic Style Home
Bob Vila's Guide to Historic House Styles


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Oh, what an overused expression–How Time Flies. But it is so true–especially in the lives of our children. One day they are babies, and then in no time at all, they're in school, then college, and beyond.
In every family, there is a certain 'dance' we do with our children. Sometimes it has to do with dancing around the time we spend with them.
From the time I was bringing up my children, until now, when my children are bringing up their own, I read and heard about the necessity of spending "quality" time with your sons or daughters. As if we could pick and choose the "quality" time.
However, it is my strong belief that children need the "quantity" of our time, too. In fact, I often believe that the quantity of time is the most important.
Quantity of time means we're there as much as possible. Quantity of time means our children are used to us "being there." And that means they feel more secure. Think about a young child's attachment to a doll or stuffed animal. Some children will never leave them behind no matter where they go, because they feel secure with the toy. And without it, they are unhappy. "Quality" time isn't something they accept with a beloved treasure.
Think of the mind of a child. For example, when you offer him or her a bag of candy, do they want just one quality piece? They may take one piece if that's all they're allowed (I know, I know–just an example. Too much sugar is not good for them either) But what I mean is that in a child's heart, he/she wants quantity.
Children need to see that we enjoy them, that we will protect them, that we love them—-all the time, not just on some specific occasion that suit us. In my opinion, a danger of this "quality' time thing is that we, as parents, are likely to overcompensate on these occasions, maybe out of guilt. We buy them things they don't really need, when what they really want is our presence.
Time does indeed go by quickly. We don't want to look back and wish we'd spent more time with our children. We want to do it now.


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Rumours have been swirling lately suggesting Nokia will boost its line of Lumia Windows Phones with a handset to straddle that line in the sand between smartphone and tablet.
Could this be our first glimpse of what's to come?
This purported front screen panel component baring the Nokia braning, revealed by ICTech today, looks like it could sit on the 6-inch (at least) device thought to be in the works.
Judging by the rubber gloves it appears the photo has been taken by a sneaky worker on the production line (or a dentist's surgery, who knows?).
More to come
Any launch of a 6-inch Lumia device would likely come before the year is out as the Finnish company looks to capitalise on improving sales figures for its Windows Phone devices.
At the launch of the Nokia Lumia 1020 camera phone earlier this month, the company promised more big launches before the end of the year.
It's unlikely that, in his comments at the time, embattled CEO Stephen Elop meant the more affordable Lumia 625 device, which showed itself to the world earlier this week. This means there's more to come.
Nokia is also rumoured to be plotting a tablet running Windows RT. Back in May the company admitted to being "very interested" in tablets, while a purported image of said device appeared on the web earlier in July.
Via The Verge


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Using SAS Pack Optimization
SAS Pack Optimization, a component of the SAS Merchandise Intelligence suite of solutions, enables you to leverage assortment plans, size profiles, and supply chain expenses to build optimal pack strategies at each of your selling locations. Through the use of instructor-led demonstrations and student exercises that use a standard data set and basic work flow scenario, this end-user course is designed to provide you with the knowledge and hands-on skills needed to use SAS Pack Optimization efficiently and effectively within your retail organization.
The self-study e-learning includes:
Kto powinien uczestniczyćBusiness users of SAS Pack Optimization (including allocators, planners, and other merchants), as well as SAS consultants involved in implementing this solution
Before attending this course, you should have the following:
To szkolenie wykorzystuje oprogramowanie SAS Size Optimization
Course Introduction


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Fluid Dynamics
Paying Attention to Brake Fluid
Automotive braking is, as we all know, a really important factor in performance car building. The forward thinkers pay an equal amount of attention to stopping as they do to making their vehicles go fast. But, here's a fact that not too many realize: when you step on the brakes, you command a stopping force that's 10 times as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion. Hard to believe isn't it? No wonder the performance brake market has been vying for and finally receiving our attention. But now that they've educated us in the importance of quality components, it's now time to pay attention to the fluid that activates and allows these awesome components to work.
It only makes sense that after you've spent big bucks and a lot of time upgrading your vehicle, the completion of your job must go beyond adding just any old fluid into the system. It's extremely important to always use a high quality fluid. Let's face it, that quart of Elmo's Wonder Brake Fluid and Windshield Washer Solvent combo you picked up at the swap meet may end up as the only thing between the ball of your foot and a brick wall. So, let's at least pay a fraction of the attention spent on choosing components on choosing brake fluid. The following information should help you better understand the differences between various types of fluids.
Brake fluid must function through heat, cold, and all the variations of temperatures affecting all brake systems. In other words, brake fluid must be and must remain viscous (fluid) and resistant to severe conditions. It must also absorb water without having an affinity for doing so. Brake fluid must be pure and contain no contaminants, which will have a harmful effect on rubber components. It also should serve as a lubricant for the moving parts in a brake system and be able to withstand time and service--in other words, its boiling point and chemical properties must remain stable. One more important factor is that brake fluid should cause an electrolytic action that will decompose or degrade metal brake parts.
These factors are taken into consideration by the Department of Transportation, National Highway Safety Administration in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 116. FMVSS116-classified fluids fall into three categories: DOT 3, DOT 4, and DOT 5. DOT 3 meets the minimum specifications, while DOT 4 and 5 meet more stringent requirements. The purpose of these requirements is "to reduce failures in the hydraulic brake systems of motor vehicles which may occur because of the manufacture or use of improper or contaminated brake fluid." In addition to setting the minimum wet and dry boiling points for all brake fluids, Federal Standard 116 deals with fluid viscosity, temperature and chemical stability, corrosiveness, water tolerance, compatibility (between formulations), and effects on brake system components.
It seems logical that if DOT 3 is good enough then DOT 4 must be better. And, if DOT 4 is better, then DOT 5 must be better still. OK then, why? It all boils down to boiling point. When brake fluid begins to boil (from the heat that's generated in the system during braking) it forms gas bubbles. As these bubbles collect and grow, they form pockets of gas in the system. And since gas is much easier to compress than fluid, these pockets cause the pedal to easily compress or go soft. This is what as known as a spongy pedal--a condition that causes the heart to race.
The following chart shows the aforementioned FMVSS116 minimum boiling points. These boiling points are the biggest difference in the fluid classifications. You'll notice there are two points for each classification of fluid. The dry boiling point is for fresh fluid that has not yet absorbed moisture. The wet boiling point is for fluid that has been in use (or in an opened container) long enough for it to absorb moisture from the atmosphere.
The different DOT spec fluids have chemical or formulation differences, as well as boiling point differences. There are (at this point) three commercial formulations for brake fluids; two are glycol-based and the third is silicone-based. DOT 3 brake fluids are a mixture of polyalkylene glycol ether and other glycols (all start life as ethylene glycol--antifreeze); DOT 4 fluids add borate esters to raise the boiling point. DOT 5 is silicone oil based with additives.
The U.S. DOT defines silicone brake fluid as that which consists of no less than 70 percent of adiorgano polysiloxane by weight. Silicone-based fluids are regarded as DOT 5 fluids. They are highly compressible and can give the driver the feeling of a spongy pedal. The higher the brake system temperature, the more the compressibility of the fluid--increasing the feeling of a spongy pedal. Silicone-based fluids are non-hydroscopic, meaning that they will not absorb or mix with water. When water is present in the brake system, it will create a water/fluid/water/fluid situation. Because water boils at approximately 212 degrees F, the ability of the brake system to operate correctly decreases, and the steam created from boiling water adds air to the system. It is important to remember that water may be present in any brake system. Therefore, silicone brake fluid lacks the ability to deal with moisture and will dramatically decrease a brake systems performance. Silicone brake fluid has a number of strengths and drawbacks.
1) It has a high boiling point since it does not absorb water. Therefore, there's no so-called wet boiling point.
2) Doesn't absorb moisture.
3) Doesn't remove paint.
4) The viscosity is more stable over the extremes of temperature.
5) With the exception of some formulations used in external boots, silicone brake fluid is compatible with all standard brake components.
Drawbacks:1) It's hard to pour without entraining air bubbles--hence an application will generally have a softer, spongier pedal feel.
2) It doesn't absorb water, so any water already in the system accu-mulates in the lowest point of the system and stays there, causing rust.
3) Glycol fluids begin to compress near their boiling points, whereas silicone fluids begin to compress at around 300-350 degrees Fahrenheit.
4) Additives in the fluid can vaporize at comparatively moderate temperature, increasing the spongy feel.
5) Silicone fluids expand significantly when hot.
6) Silicone fluid is functionally incompatible with systems that have held glycol-based fluids for any length of time, requiring flushing and seal replacement (there are counter opinions on this, which state that the modern silicone formulations are in fact compatible with only a flushing, rather than a complete reseal). The actual DOT specification requires chemical compatibility, so as far as that goes, the two fluids won't cause reactions if used in the same system, but they certainly won't mix, either.
7) It's pretty much incompatible with anti-lock brakes because the silicone fluids tend to be more viscous, which can cause problems with the timing of the pulses that are intended to work with the thinner glycol-base fluid. This sometimes leads to damage of the ABS valving. The rapid pulsing necessary to anti-lock functions tend to cavitate the fluid, as the tiny bubbles collapse and coalesce into larger ones, and then collapse and reform into smaller ones. This tends to counteract the ABS effect and can diminish the actual effective braking. This condition also heats the fluid and can lead to even more sponginess and possible damage to the ABS controller. Thirdly, silicone brake fluid tends to foam when expressed from a small orifice under pressure, reducing its hydraulic effectiveness greatly.
|Minimum Dry Boiling Point
|Minimum Wet Boiling Point
|(All degrees in Fahrenheit)
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From single digits to trillions, the tech industry loves numbers, and it generated plenty of them in 2013. Here's a look at some of the figures that stand out from the year:
3 - number of Emmy TV awards won by Netflix in 2013. "House of Cards" won for best director, marking the first major Emmy win for Internet content. The show also won awards for best casting and best cinematography for a single-camera series.
[ Understand how to both manage and benefit from the consumerization of IT with InfoWorld's "Consumerization Digital Spotlight" PDF special report. | Subscribe to InfoWorld's Consumerization of IT newsletter today. ]
500 million - number of lines of code behind the beleaguered Healthcare.gov website. Programmers spent most of October and November debugging and rewriting the code to get the site up to speed.
143,199 - number of tweets sent in the single second after the phrase "balus" was uttered during the Japanese TV screening of Hayao Miyazaki's animated movie "Castle in the Sky." Fans arranged to mass-tweet the phrase for no particular reason, leading to the creation of the new Twitter record at 11:21.50 p.m. local time on Aug. 3.
116.7 million - number of searches performed through the anonymous search site DuckDuckGo in September. In May, before the first news reports about U.S. National Security Agency surveillance and spying were published, the site handled 54.4 million searches, less than half as many.
4 - number of shots prosecutors allege Ronnie Collins fired at Ikenna Uwakah, who was trying to sell a PlayStation 4 in San Francisco via a posting on Instagram. Uwakah died of his injuries soon after and Collins has been charged with murder.
50,000 - number of additional H-1B visas that would be available to U.S. companies for skilled workers under the proposed Immigration Innovation Act, which was introduced into the U.S. Senate in January. The current limit is 65,000, which high-tech companies say is too few and thus hurts business and innovation.
152 million - number of user records, including emails and poorly encrypted passwords, exposed in a breach of Adobe Systems' computers this year. It's been called the largest publicly known leak of user information in history.
7 - approximate number of hours that passed between Twitter launching its Vine app and Facebook blocking the app from its servers. Vine users were briefly able to use their Facebook accounts to find friends on the new video app, something Facebook didn't like
14,000 - number of computers on which New York-based online gaming company E-Sports Entertainment was accused of installing secret bitcoin mining software. The company agreed to pay US$325,000 and submit to a 10-year compliance program as part of a settlement with the New Jersey attorney general's office.
60 million - amount of money, in U.S. dollars, Apple has spent so far pursuing a lawsuit against Samsung in California over smartphone patent infringement. The case is one of two in the state and one of several worldwide between the companies, so the total legal bill is much higher.
35 - number of years Chelsea Manning (born Bradley Manning) was sentenced to jail by a military court for leaking U.S. military and diplomatic secrets to Wikileaks. She is eligible for parole in eight years and had been facing up to 90 years in jail.
34,000 - number of jobs HP expects to have eliminated by the end of its current fiscal year, which ends next October, under a cost-cutting program started last May.
162 - minimum fine, in U.S. dollars, that San Diego resident Cecilia Abadie can expect to pay if convicted of driving while wearing Google Glass. The case, apparently the first in the U.S. to involve the technology, will go to court in January. Abadie was initially stopped for speeding and then accused of breaking state vehicle code 27602, which bans TVs and video screens in front of the driver.
41 - percentage of YouTube traffic that now comes from mobile phones and tablets. CEO Larry Page revealed the number in October and said the comparable figure from 2011 was just 6 percent.
25,000 - average data rate, in bits per second, of Nextel's iDEN cellular network, which was shut down at the end of June. The network was launched in 1996 and Sprint had been warning users for more than a year that it would be switched off. The Nextel name faded into obscurity with the network.
3 - number of surviving Pink Floyd members who signed an editorial in USA Today in June against the Internet Radio Fairness Act. The band claims the bill would cut by 85 percent the amount of money musicians receive from services such as Pandora. Pandora had been backing the bill, but reports in November said it had given up hope of pushing it through.
5 billion - number of cellphone calling records collected by the NSA as part of a location and data tracking system, according to The Washington Post. Details of the program were among the many documents leaked by former defense contractor Edward Snowden to news organizations in 2013.
13.88 - price per share, in U.S. dollars, that Michael Dell paid to take his namesake computer company private. The total deal cost the Dell founder and his financial partners roughly $25 billion and relieved the company of constant pressure to please Wall Street investors.
600,000 - number of bitcoins the FBI estimates are owned by Ross Ulbricht, the alleged mastermind of online drug marketplace the Silk Road. The bitcoins, which are encrypted and cannot be easily accessed, are worth around $60 million and represent around 5 percent of the entire market.
57 million - number of Twitter shares co-founder Evan Williams owned at the time the company went public in October. They are currently worth about $2.8 billion.
Martyn Williams covers mobile telecoms, Silicon Valley and general technology breaking news for The IDG News Service. Follow Martyn on Twitter at @martyn_williams. Martyn's e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com


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Nickelodeon 'PAW Patrol' hat, flashlight recalled due to fire hazard
Spirit Halloween is recalling 20,000 Nickelodeon "PAW Patrol" Deluxe Marshall hats with flashlights. The flashlight batteries can overheat, posing burn and fire hazards.
The recall impacts the store's "PAW Patrol" red hats with yellow ribbons, black and white spotted dog ears and black flash lights.
The flashlights and hats have the same SKU number. Only products with SKU 01292093 and date codes 1703RY01, 1603RY01 and 1503RY01 are included in the recall.
The SKU number and date codes can be found on the label under the ear on the hat.
Consumers should immediately remove the batteries from the flashlights and throw them away. They can contact Spirit Halloween for a full refund.
Customers will be asked to show proof of purchase by providing a photo of the tag under the hat's ear.
The seasonal retailer has received three reports of flashlights overheating. No injuries or fires have been reported.
The items were sold at Spirit Halloween stores nationwide from September 2015 to November 2017 for about $13.


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Partyforumseasia: On December 10, 2014, we were asking whether Golkar was close to a suicide by internal power struggle (Link here). Party leader Aburizal Bakrie was more than disappointed with the result of the presidential election on July 9, 2014. After he could not be the top candidate himself or promote another Golkar candidate, his political gamble to support Gerindra leader Prabowo Subianto failed. Neither his Golkar party nor many million $$ from his family business could prevent the victory of Joko Widodo.
Against instinct and inclination of the Golkar leadership, Bakrie managed to prevent the party from switching from the losing Prabowo camp to the winners around the new president. This was splitting the party, leading to rival factions, competing party conventions in 2014 and the election of two party leaders, Bakrie being supported by the Prabowo camp and Agung Laksono by the faction open to president Jokowi. The rivalry was brought to the courts, producing different rulings, until on October 20th, 2015 the Supreme Court finally decided that Bakrie is the rightful chairman, one day after the 51st anniversary of Golkar.
Factional strife is absolutely normal in political parties but the visibility of this one has certainly affected the image of Golkar among Indonesia's voters on top of their image problem after decades of being the political vehicle for president Suharto's authoritarian rule. Compromise, though, is the essence of democracy, and it was high time to give up the sulking attitude of the election loser. Indonesia has enough problems to solve and supporting the Jokowi administration is certainly more patriotic than obstructing him in parliament. Golkar's 91 seats will make it much easier for the president to speed up legislation.
Affiliation of the parties in the Parliament so far(Wikipedia):
The Golkar factions and their leaders will now have to organize the practical part of their reconciliation and bring the party back to unity. But one may wonder whether the urge to save the party from suicide has been boosted by more concrete advantages. So far it is not clear that calls for a cabinet reshuffle will result in any ministerial posts for the party leaders. But it is not necessary to be a political cynic to expect that in due course…