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A recent Washington Post article by Donna St. George sheds light on the increasing criminalization of student discipline in the US and the effect it has on Texas children.
As a result of zero-tolerance policies, schools have been funneling kids from the classroom to the cell-room through what some are calling the "school-to-prison pipeline." Schools have increasingly turned to ticketing to deal with behavior issues that, in the past, were handled by school administration. It is not uncommon for students to receive school-based tickets for disruptive behavior such as cursing in class, tardiness, truancy, and fighting. Shockingly, a 2010 report by Texas Appleseed indicated that children as young as 6 have received tickets.
St. George points to some equally alarming facts:
[Texas] stands out for opening up millions of student records to a landmark study of discipline, released in July . The study shows that 6 in 10 students were suspended or expelled at least once from seventh grade on. After their first suspension, they were nearly three times more likely to be involved in the juvenile justice system the next year, compared with students with no such disciplinary referrals…Students who have been arrested or appeared in court are more likely to drop out of high school…Dropouts, in turn, are more likely than graduates to be incarcerated or unemployed.
The criminalization of student disciple has become such a prominent problem in the US, that national organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union have made challenging the "school-to-prison pipeline" one of their key issue areas.
Texas students sent from classroom to courtroom
By Donna St. George
SPRING, TEX. — In a small courtroom north of Houston, a fourth-grader walked up to the bench with his mother. Too short to see the judge, he stood on a stool. He was dressed in a polo shirt and dark slacks on a sweltering summer morning.
"Guilty," the boy's mother heard him say.
He had been part of a scuffle on a school bus.
In another generation, he might have received only a scolding from the principal or a period of detention. But an array of get-tough policies in U.S. schools in the past two decades has brought many students into contact with police and courts — part of a trend some experts call the criminalization of student discipline.
Now, such practices are under scrutiny nationally. Federal officials want to limit punishments that push students from the classroom to courtroom, and a growing number of state and local leaders are raising similar concerns.
In Texas, the specter of harsh discipline has been especially clear.
Here, police issue tickets: Class C misdemeanor citations for offensive language, class disruption, schoolyard fights. Thousands of students land in court, with fines of up to $500. Students with outstanding tickets may be arrested after age 17.
Texas also stands out for opening up millions of student records to a landmark study of discipline, released in July . The study shows that 6 in 10 students were suspended or expelled at least once from seventh grade on. After their first suspension, they were nearly three times more likely to be involved in the juvenile justice system the next year, compared with students with no such disciplinary referrals.
Citing the Texas research, federal officials announced last month an initiative to break what many call the "school-to-prison pipeline." S uspensions, expulsions and arrests are used too often to enforce school order, officials said.
"That is something that clearly has to stop," U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder said in Washington alongside Education Secretary Arne Duncan .
This month, Duncan recounted that in his old job as Chicago schools chief, he was stunned to learn that so many arrests occurred in schools. The first response to student misbehavior, he said, "can't be to pick up the phone and call 911."
The federal focus comes amid other change. In Colorado, a legislative task force is examining discipline practices including law enforcement referrals and school ticketing. Los Angeles police recently agreed to cut back on ticketing tardy students en route to school.
Connecticut officials have begun screening cases after students wound up in court on violations such as for having soda , running in the hall and dressing improperly. "It's not that we don't think these things should be handled," said William Carbone, the state's executive director of court support services. "We just think they should be handled in the school rather than the court."
Research shows that students who have been arrested or appeared in court are more likely to drop out of high school, said Gary Sweeten, an Arizona State University criminologist. Dropouts, in turn, are more likely than graduates to be incarcerated or unemployed.
'Defied common sense'
The suburban Houston courtroom was packed with students, parents and siblings. Justice of the Peace Judge J. Kent Adams spoke of the importance of consequences, the duties of parents and the reality of being ticketed.
The fourth-grader who tussled on the bus was 10. After his appearance, his mother, Kimberly Smith, questioned whether her son belonged in court.
"I'm all for consequences, but I think it could have been handled another way," she said. She had no chance to mention her son's attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder, she said.
The child was ordered to do eight hours of community service and take classes in anger management and decision-making, at a cost of $370, Smith said. "I'm a single parent," she said. "Four hundred dollars? I have two other boys."
It is hard to pinpoint the beginning of ticketing in Texas, but advocates say it expanded during the 1990s as many school systems started police forces and as zero-tolerance policies proliferated .
Texas is not alone in school-based ticketing, which occurs in several other states. In the Washington area, where Fairfax County has reexamined discipline policies in the aftermath of a student athlete's suicide , school and police officials report no such ticketing practices.
In Texas, many question whether ticketing went too far.
In one highly publicized case , a middle school student in Austin was ticketed for class disruption after she sprayed herself with perfume when classmates said she smelled.
In Houston one recent day, a 17-year-old was in court after he and his girlfriend poured milk on each other. "She was mad at me because I broke up with her," he said.
Student Precilla Sanchez, 15, said most of her friends "have one ticket or more."
"You got to a point where police were writing tickets for things that were not appropriate," said Brock Gregg of the Association of Texas Professional Educators . He said the association supports police in schools but wants more emphasis on helping students rather than sending them to court.
Debate over ticketing heated up in January after a 200-page report from Texas Appleseed , a public interest law center, documented 275,000 juvenile tickets in fiscal 2009, including 120,000 for truancy. The statewide data did not separate school tickets from those issued in other settings.
But the report's data from 22 Texas school districts showed ticketing rates that ranged from less than 1 percent of students in Pasadena to 11 percent in Galveston.
"It really defied common sense," said Deborah Fowler, the report's lead author, who found tickets issued to students as young as 5.
The study also found that as school police staff grew, often so did ticketing. In Austin, for example, district police staff rose 31 percent over six years as ticketing climbed 50 percent.
"More misbehaving students are being bumped into the court system nationally, and the main reason is the increasing presence of police in schools," said Paul Hirschfield, a Rutgers University sociologist.
Parents in Texas complain that tickets are written up too easily and that authorities overlook whether students have disabilities or are acting in self-defense.
Lawyer Yvonne Q. Taylor, who works for a juvenile justice project at Texas Southern University's Earl Carl Institute for Legal and Social Policy, said her experience bears out a finding of the ticketing report: Racial disparities are common.
In Dallas, where 30 percent of students are African American, 62 percent of those ticketed are black, the report said. In the Houston area, Taylor said, "I rarely see a white face in the courtroom."
One of her recent cases involved Yiovani Williams, the son of a police detective. The 15-year-old said he talked back to an English teacher after she repeatedly said he could not use the restroom. The teacher accused him of cursing, which he denied. He was ticketed for disorderly conduct and suspended for a day.
His parents, Racquel and Willie Williams, said they were stunned such an incident could be considered criminal. Earlier, their older son had been ticketed after a classroom incident.
"We have worked so hard to keep our children out of the same court system they put them into so easily," Willie Williams said. "For something as minor as this, he has to be criminalized?"
Still, ticketing has supporters.
Ken Knippel, an assistant superintendent of the Aldine Independent School District, with 62,000 students and 39 police officers, said a ticket is one of many responses to an infraction. "Should it be used to modify all behavior? No," he said. "Are there times when it is appropriate? Yes, there are."
Gregg Anderson, president of the Texas Association of School Resource Officers, said that tickets don't get written every day or for every offense but that when a problem is repeated or severe, "it's another tool in our belt." Some police officers ticket more than others, he said, noting that he supervised a middle school with perhaps 10 tickets all year.
Ticketed students can't just mail in a fine, as drivers could with a traffic ticket. In Texas, they must appear with a parent in an adult court — in a municipal court or before a justice of the peace.
At a recent court date, parent Avril Jenkins was leaning toward paying a $165 fine rather than higher costs for a deferred disposition program that included classes.
"I'd still get into college with that, right?" asked her worried 16-year-old daughter.
The question of criminal records is complex. A new law seals court records once misdemeanor judgments are satisfied. Paperwork also can be filed to expunge records at age 18 for one-time offenders.
How much such issues matter in college applications depends on the offense and a student's overall record and explanation, admissions officers said.
Alienating students
In downtown Houston, Municipal Court Judge David Fraga sees perhaps 150 juvenile ticketing cases a day during the school year, about half of them school-related. In his court, punishments include community service and behavior-related workshops, and many offenders are able to avoid fines. The idea is, he said, "to learn, to make good choices."
But others ask: Why are minor offenses here at all?
"It's oftentimes dumb teenage behavior, which most of us did at one time or another," said state Sen. John Whitmire (D-Houston). In the spring, Texas lawmakers passed legislation to scale back ticketing for younger children and truancy cases.
Janell Blackburn, who was in Fraga's court after her teen daughter and an ex-boyfriend had argued and bumped each other, said ticketing should be ended for all but the most severe offenses.
"It's almost like when they gave the school districts the right to have the police officers there," she said, "and they gave them the tablets of tickets, they started writing it all up."
For the students, she said, "it's turning them against the school itself. They don't want to go back there."


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The Free Syrian Army command, the military wing of the opposition to the regime of Bashar al-Assad, refused to provide written guarantees for a cease-fire, the Western media reported Sunday. The Syrian regime said earlier it would not withdraw its forces from towns before obtaining written assurances from the opposition in which the latter would commit to stop the violence.
Last month, the special envoy of the UN and Arab League to Syria, Kofi Annan, said that Damascus accepted the deadline of April 10 to begin implementing his peace plan, which includes an immediate cessation of violence by all parties involved in the conflict and the withdrawal of government troops from cities.
However, Syrian foreign ministry spokesperson, Jihad Makdessi, said it was more of "a misunderstanding" and that before any withdrawal, Damascus was seeking assurances.
Meanwhile, Kofi Annan responded Sunday by saying "he was shocked by (the) rising violence in Syria." He called on the Syrian Government to fulfill its commitments. "As we approach the deadline of Tuesday, April 10, I remind the Syrian government the need to fully respect its commitments and emphasize that the current escalation of violence is unacceptable," Annan said in a statement.
"I am in constant contact with the Syrian government and I urge all states that have an influence on the parties to act now in order to secure the end of the bloodbath and start the dialogue," said the Ghanaian diplomat.
© 2000 - 2023 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com)

subset: commoncrawl


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I remember this scene from Great Expectations, when Pip visits Miss Havisham in her home, and comes upon the wealthy spinster dressed in a rotting, decrepit wedding gown, surrounded by the detritus of her would-be wedding reception. Mice run in and out of holes in the cake, which still sits on the banquet table, set for the big day some decades before. Miss Havisham has lived like that since the moment of her wedding day betrayal–her dickhead of a fiance only loved her for her money–and has nursed a huge, honking hatred for men ever since. She looks like shit, as anyone would if she never changed out of her wedding dress, taken a shower, exfoliated or, well, left her mansion.
I was reminded of that scene this morning when I was looking on one of the discount shopping websites I am addicted to. They are having a sale on Betsey Johnson's dresses. Back when I was shopping for my prom–that would have been 1985–she was the one to wear. I couldn't afford anything at her store, but the '50s retro look updated for the '80s, was precisely the style I hoped to achieve (I wore an actual '50s dress given to me by my stepdad's secretary, who had saved it from her prom. It got vomited on, and was too delicate to have dry cleaned, so I tossed it.) Betsey Johnson did that Go-Gos/early Madonna tiered mini-skirt thing with lots of mesh and ribbon like no one else. I also loved the gigantic cherries and huge sofa-upholstery like flowers on Lycra.
But here's the thing: Betsey Johnson is still doing the same kind of thing. That's fine, fabulous even, although now it's the 80s retro look with shades of the '50s updated for 2010.
What's not fine is that I still want a dress, probably because I could never have one back then. I feel the same way about Apple Jacks, which I was not allowed to have back when my mom was the breakfast decision-maker, and now I eat them whenever I get the chance (while simultaneously feeding my own daughters Kashi).
So what now? My fashion instincts are telling me NO, DON'T DO IT! YOU ARE 42, NOT 16, AND IF MILEY CYRUS IS WEARING A TIERED MINI-SKIRT, BUSTIER AND HEART SHAPED GLASSES, THEY ARE OFF LIMITS TO YOU! I know I would look absurd in it, not to mention the fact that I can't wear the pointy high heels that would complete the outfits. I'm getting the beginnings of a bunion on my right foot.
My heart, however, is singing a different tune. It's singing Girls Just Wanna Have Fun, goddamn it! And I can afford a Betsey Johnson dress now, especially on sale. Instead of having a button such as "Add to my shopping cart," the site that I'm looking at, ideeli.com, has a button that says "I want it!"
I want it!
Stop me. I need to let it go and move on, like Miss Havisham surely should have, rather than seething in resentment for decades. Right? Or will buying it set me free, like Miss Havisham might have been free had she entertained another suitor to get the awful one out of her system once and for all?
Stop me?
Photo from ideeli.com


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Enviro Service Aide (Pool)
Encompass Health
Lakeland, Florida
Job Description
Address: 1201 Oakbridge Parkway, Lakeland 33803
Shift: Day Job
Schedule: PRN / Pool / As Needed
Job ID: 2313688
The Environmental Services Aide maintains a clean, sanitary, and safe environment in all areas of the Hospital in accordance with our quality standards, as well as local, state and federal regulations.
Why work for us?
To attract and retain the best professionals, we offer a comprehensive and competitive benefits package that includes medical, dental, vision, 401(k), college savings plan, employee assistance program, pre-paid legal plan and much more. For more information on available benefits, please click here.
Who are we? We are the nation's leading provider of rehabilitative services with over 100 acute rehabilitation hospitals in 26 states including Puerto Rico!
Depending on the hospital location you will have the opportunity to work in a 30-200 bed acute rehabilitation hospital providing quality care through a large group of healthcare professionals such as: Therapists, Neuropsychologists, Nurses, Pharmacists, Medical staff as well as non-clinical professionals all dedicated to returning our patients to the highest level of functioning possible.
With an average of 80% of our patients returning home, we are proud of the work we do. You could work anywhere, why not come to work knowing you are making a difference in someone's life!
Learn more about being a part of this successful team!
Job Code: 100216
License or Certification:
Education, Training and Experience
- High School diploma or GED preferred
- Previous housekeeping experience preferred
Physical Requirements:
- Good visual acuity and ability to communicate
- Ability to lift a minimum of 50 pounds on a regular basis and ability to push/pull a minimum of 50 pounds, which includes lifting, pushing and/or pulling equipment, supplies and tools
- Reasonable assistance may be requested when lifting pushing and/or pulling are undertaken that exceeds these minimum requirements
- Ability to withstand prolonged standing and walking
- Ability to reach, stoop, bend, kneel and crouch
Address: 1201 Oakbridge Parkway, Lakeland 33803
Shift: Day Job
Schedule: PRN / Pool / As Needed
Job ID: 2313688


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Now some of you may have heard of Mech Wars, which is a new robotic competition slated for debut at Robogames 2009. What you may not have heard, is that it's being organized by a very sexy Yeti of a man named Andrew Alter (yours truely). My boss was bored today and decided to stop by my desk to see exactly what he pays me for, so we shot a quick video of the aforementioned Yeti explaining a bit about the Mech Wars competition and a Mech being built and sponsored by Trossen Robotics. "The Trossenator" is a Mech that can be piloted by members of the Trossen Robotics Community who are attending Robogames 2009, but do not have a Mech of their own to compete with. Think of it as a perk for those who help keep our community growing and always interesting.
For more information on the Mech Wars competition at Robogames 2009 check out the official Mech Wars Forums hosted at the Trossen Robotics Community!


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The War Of The Worlds template takes on a more salacious and vindictive depth with the debut release from Digital Diktator in the shape of the venomous From The Edge Of The Universe. The EP is a striking and destructive violation upon the senses and rational thought which is intrusive, challenging, and perpetually compulsive. Most of all it is very impressive and even though one feels like they are caught within and witnessing a digital car crash such the intense and impactful manipulation it makes on thought and emotions it is equally very satisfying and rewarding.
Consisting of Digital Diktator (Programming/Keyboards/Backing Vocals/Drums), Dynamic Statue (Vocals), and Rösti (Guitars/Keyboards/Programming), the band with From The Edge Of The Universe bring evil and destiny into our midst through seven tracks which strip all areas of metal, industrial, and music as a whole to re-invent and twist into their own vindictive sounds. The release brings forth a tale making it part of the plundering and provocative assimilation of the senses. Yes it is all steeped in sci-fi and distinct origins found in HG Wells, Star Trek, and many more things fiction and some would have us believe as fact, but it is all very enjoyable and some of the more striking and imaginative sounds heard for a while.
The opening Intro (The Arrival Of The Mother) marks the arrival and the central point for the tale to wrap around. The following first full track It Began On Mars soon adds to its weave of electronic sounds an intimidating muscular pulse to begin a scourge on the ear. The track is a flurry of samples, twisting sounds, and switching rhythms and pace to keep one constantly intrigued and involved. Within the song itself there is an open diversity which is soon apparent across the release itself, again to ensure nothing is ever expected or presumed.
The unravelling story within From The Edge Of The Universe we will leave for your investigation, it is a full journey that needs as much attention and focus as the great sounds surrounding it, and is as rewarding. Journey Within shows the diversity of the release, its pulsating flowing breath an enveloping blend of dark electro, ebm, and industrial manipulation. The vocals take on a harsh gait which takes a short time to find an attachment but also makes a contrasting entity adding depth to the vibrant energy driven sounds.
The Window and This is You continue the unpredictable and agreeable creativity. The first has a gothic tone to its tumultuous rhythms and darkened halls with excellent clean vocals showing as much thought goes into them as the music and their connection to the theme within. The second of the two took the longest to get thoughts and the ear around, its classic rock guitar stripping the senses alongside the harsh pit borne spite, and to be honest still has not found a seamless bond with the senses but within the journey and overall EP composition brings a definite important and striking element to the whole premise of the EP.
The excellent Time To Depart is easily the best track on From The Edge Of The Universe, an insistent and rampaging littering of splintered beats and shards of acidic melodies upon the senses. The song has a force and inventiveness reminding of the recent Cynical Existence album, wrapping around the heart with a mesmeric shower of melodic light whilst poking and puncturing it with violating evil stained fingers of intensity.
As the closing Outro (Of Ancients, Gods and Us) departs the release leaves behind a depleted and thoroughly satisfied… one almost wants to say victim. From The Edge Of The Universe is an excellent release which though it will not find a welcoming home every where will more than give all those into inventive and experimental industrial, harsh ebm, and dark electro, a pleasing and intriguing time.
Ringmaster 01/05/2012
The best and easiest way to get your music on iTunes, Amazon and lots more. Click below for details.


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All News Releases By Date
EPA Orders Votran to Stop the Application of an Antimicrobial Pesticide to Fog Its Vehicles
Release Date: 03/13/2012
Contact Information: Dawn Harris-Young, (404) 562-8421, firstname.lastname@example.com
ATLANTA - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Stop Sale, Use, or Removal Order (SSURO) to the Volusia County Public Transportation System (Votran), located in South Daytona, Fla. for alleged violations of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Votran is a service of the Volusia County government that provides transportation to all urban areas of the county with a fleet of buses, trolleys, and paratransit vehicles.
Based on a January 31, 2012 inspection of Votran's offices, the EPA determined that Votran had been applying Sporicidin, an antimicrobial pesticide currently registered with the EPA, to the interior of its vehicles through a fogging machine. The SSURO orders Votran to stop any further fogging of its vehicles with Sporicidin if the intended use is to disinfect the interior of vehicles via fogging.
While Sporicidin is a registered EPA approved pesticide, its label authorizes users to apply it to pre-cleaned, hard, non-porous surfaces as a cleaner, disinfectant, and deodorizer by thoroughly wetting the surface, but does not authorize its use for fogging the interior of vehicles. Therefore, applying the disinfectant through fogging to disinfect the interior of Votran's vehicles is not an acceptable and approved use of this product, and any such application is considered a violation of FIFRA.
Search this collection of releases | or search all news releases
View selected historical press releases from 1970 to 1998 in the EPA History website.


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The Code Poet Directory is a list of Enterprise-level WordPress consultants brought to you by Automattic, the company behind WordPress.com.
As the largest operator of WordPress sites (over 20 million and counting), we receive a steady stream of requests from people looking for WordPress-savvy web design and software development firms. In response we started this directory of consultants who specialize in building beautiful and efficient WordPress sites.
Those included in the Code Poet Directory are independent and not representatives of WordPress.com or of Automattic. Automattic does not endorse the listed Code Poets and isn't responsible for any work a Code Poet may perform for you. Inclusion in the Code Poet Directory does not infer certification on the WordPress software. Code Poets supply their own profiles and information, so Automattic can't guarantee the accuracy or contents of company profiles.


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So yesterday the pump arrived refurbished from the manufacturer (for $3,500). yay!
I attached the pump to the chamber and tried it out. All good.
For about 10 minutes.
Then i start hearing this intermittant "not good" sound. But maybe it's just some rattling right?
We'll the rattle turned into a shriek. When the pfeiffer tech heard the sound on the phone he said to send the unit back.
What a drag.


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Spotted in Georgia, A Sunset
A sunset on any coast is beautiful, and this one on Georgia's coast at Jekyll Island is no exception. Read about the Jekyll Island community and their conservation and revitilzation efforts. In fact, read about our past coverage in Georgia Trend Magazine.
Spotted in Georgia: Jekyll Island, Georgia
Photo Credit: Ben Young


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- Takfiris take pleasure in killing Christians and Muslims they choose to excommunicate
The husband of a female preacher hacked to the death in Abuja has shed more light into the gruesome murder of the 42 year-old mother of seven, Mrs. Eunice Elisha, the wife of a Redeemed Pastor who was murdered in cold blood in the early hour of Saturday July 9th by suspected Muslim fanatics while evangelizing around Gbazango and Pipeline area of Kubwa, a satellite town in Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
Eunice, who was a deaconess at the Divine Touch Parish of the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Old NEPA Road, Phase 4, Kubwa, was reportedly beheaded and stabbed in the stomach and leg by her killers, but a statement by the police has already debunked that claim.
It was learnt that her killers left her in the pool of her blood and carefully put her "severed head on her Bible, with megaphone and cell phone beside her dead body" but the Commissioner of Police in a statement said her body was intact.
Her death body was discovered by the residents who alerted the police and evacuated her to the police station where her husband went to identify her. The husband of the deceased, Pastor Olawale Elisha while narrating the blow-by-blow account of the incident to journalists when the wife of Vice President, Dolapo Osinbajo paid a condolence visit, said that his wife had gone out to preach in the neighbourhood at about 5 am only for him to hear the report of her murder.
According to him, "She goes out every morning for "Morning Cry" (Evangelism), which means when she wakes up in the morning, she takes her megaphone and preaches around the neighborhood.
"On Saturday she went out the same time, around 6:30 am, two of my children used to go out to play football at a field close to the house, but my children came back and told me that they heard some footballers saying that a woman preaching this morning was killed, and her megaphone was still there, that they cut her head and her legs."
"I told my children that it couldn't be their mother, but they insisted we should go there and check, I put on my clothes and went there when we got there, we didn't see anybody, they had even covered her blood with sand."
"However, a policeman confirmed to me that such incident happened, and the remains of the woman had been taken to Phase 4 Police Station, Kubwa.
"I rushed to my house and drove to the police station with two of my children, and at the entrance of the station I saw a pickup van coming out, inside it I saw the lifeless body of my wife at the back of the pickup Van, at this point, my children and I burst into tears."
Pastor Olawale expressed shock over the death of his wife and what might have been the reason for her murder. He said that his wife had no quarrel with anyone that could have warranted her murder, describing her as a martyr.
He recalled a day his wife told him that there is a mosque at the back of their house where the head of the mosque made a remark that her preaching wasn't saying the truth about God. That he cautioned to be very careful.
He also narrated another incident of a Muslim cleric who came to their house and asked his wife to give him food that he had an Islamic school and needed food, but my wife told him that she does not have any food at home, and the Mallam left.
The story was also corroborated by the second son of the deceased, John James, who said that his mother asked him to tell the strange Mallam that they don't have food.
James revealed further that few days after the Mallam came to their house, his mother and himself took ill and almost died. He said that her mother kept emphasising that the strange Mallam caused their illness.
The wife of the General Overseer of Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), Folu Adeboye on Sunday also paid a condolence visit to the family of deceased.
During her visit Pastor Elisha said his wife was so committed to anything that is of God and that she was a "reckless giver to God's work, she rarely missed any program in the church. We have seven children," he stated.
Late Eunice was born on July 23, 1974; her husband stated they got married in July 2000.
The Divisional Police Officer, as well as the Divisional Crime Officer at Phase 4 Police Station, declined comment on the matter the duo referred journalists to the FCT command for any information as they claimed the case had been transferred to homicide department of the FCT Command.
According to a press release by the Commissioner of Police FCT Command, Alkali Baba Usman the police has ordered the Deputy Commissioner of Police, Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department (CIID)to lead an investigation into the murder case.
Six (6) suspects arrested in connection with the gruesome murder of Mrs. Elisha are in Police custody and currently undergoing interrogation. He assured that the outcome of the investigation would be made public.
The CP commiserated with the family members of the deceased over the unfortunate incident and assured them and other residents of the area of the commitment and determination of the police command to fish out perpetrators of the heinous crime and bring them to justice.
He also seized the opportunity to enjoin residents and members of the general public to remain calm and cooperate with Police in the ongoing investigation.
The CP's statement dispelled the report in some sections of the media that the deceased's head and leg was chopped off.
"The Command wants to state that apart from marks of injury inflicted on some parts of her body, all parts of the deceased body are intact. The Police has taken custody of her remains for preservation and examination", the statement concluded.
As at the time of filing this story those scavengers living in shanties near the scene of the incident have fled as many of them were seeing carrying their belongings for fear of arrest by the police or reprisal attacks.


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Policy Overview
Columbia University is committed to creating and maintaining an environment that is free of alcohol abuse and that complies with state laws and regulations governing alcoholic beverages involving University activities. Therefore, the University has developed the Alcohol Policy implementation procedures and mandatory training programs for students who plan events with alcohol. For information on the drug and alcohol policy, please refer to the University Events Management website.
Alcoholic Beverages at Events
If your organization is considering serving alcoholic beverages at an event, think about why you want to do so. Your event must have a social, educational, or cultural theme, and may not have the availability of alcohol as a focus. Essentially, your event should be able to stand on its own with or without alcohol. If its success seems to be dependent upon serving alcohol, you need to reconsider your event in its entirety.
Required Knowledge and Information
The first step is to meet with your adviser and review your goals, plans, and resources for the event. The specific procedures your group will need to follow are determined by a variety of factors, and this web site can only provide a general idea of what you will need. Your group adviser remains the primary resource as you embark on planning an event with alcohol.
If you believe that serving alcoholic beverages would be an appropriate component of an event, you are expected to have undergone Columbia University alcohol policy training and to understand fully both New York State law pertaining to alcohol and Columbia University's alcohol policies and procedures. These policies describe the minimum standards that apply to all Columbia University functions, regardless of whether they are held on-campus or off-campus. Departments and facilities may add additional requirements and conditions. Your adviser's approval and your adherence to Columbia University policy are required for all events, on or off-campus.
Mandatory Process
The following steps must be taken in order to serve alcoholic beverages at an event:
3. Obtain your adviser's approval for the event and complete an Alcohol Registration Form at least ten days in advance. Columbia University requires that your event be approved by your group's adviser if your event will be:
- Held outdoors on Columbia University property
- Opened to the Columbia University community
- Funded by Columbia University
- Attended by more than fifty guests
- Involving the exchange of money for any reason.
The Columbia University alcohol policy additionally requires that your EM speak with your adviser about any event at which alcohol is to be served. The policy's requirements apply to both you and your adviser, who is required to discuss the event in detail with you prior to deciding whether to approve the event. Among the details that must be discussed are attendance, proctoring, health issues, the availability of food and non-alcoholic beverages, the quantities and types of alcohol to be served, monitoring of the drinking age, and event management.
4. If your adviser approves the event, complete a registration form and obtain your adviser's signature. Include the account number to be charged for proctors. Submit the approved application to your adviser at least two weeks prior to the event. Your advisor will review your application, determine how many proctors should be assigned, direct you to apply for a temporary beer and wine permit if money will exchange hands in any way at the event, and inform you whether the event has been granted final approval.
Temporary (one day) permits allowing the sale of beer and New York State wines within a specific designated area may be obtained from the New York Alcoholic Beverage Control Board. Its office is presently at 11 Park Place, New York City, and they generally require two weeks to obtain a temporary license, good only for a single event. Columbia University will assist your group in applying for this license through your advising office.
With the approval of your adviser and at least two weeks prior to the event, your group's representative must:
- Obtain a letter from your adviser certifying that your group is a registered Columbia University organization and specifying the date, time, and place of the function
- Complete an application for a license
- Obtain a certified check or money order for $25.00, payable to the New York State Liquor Authority
- Hand deliver all of these items to the New York Alcoholic Beverage Control Board between 9:00 am and 4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday.
If approved, the temporary beer and wine permit will be mailed to you or you will receive a call to pick it up. In recent years, this has taken a minimum of approximately ten business days. A copy of your temporary permit should be given to your adviser five days prior to the event. The permit itself must be displayed at your event.
Finalizing an Event
Once your adviser has approved the event, the temporary license has been applied for, the space has been requested, and all planning has initialized, you should ensure that your event has been registered with University Event Management (UEM). If the event is not registered with UEM, your group risks cancellation of the event. You should meet with UEM administrators early on in your planning process to ensure that registration has taken place properly.
Expectations of Event Managers
The EM is primarily responsible for overseeing the whole coordination of an event, serves as the first point of contact in the case of an emergency or crisis. The EM identifies the problem, assesses the situation, and connects with the appropriate support resource (i.e. alcohol manager, proctor(s), venue manager, security guard) in the event that the situation becomes too much for the student manager to handle. For a Barnard venue, in the case of an emergency, the EM initially contacts the Barnard Security Supervisor on duty.
The EM arrives to the event a half hour before the start to meet with the proctors and if possible other support personnel (i.e. venue manager, security), for introductions and event briefing. During that briefing, the proctor is responsible for identifying the proctoring team, the venue manager, and the location of the security details. The EM will be responsible for identifying the alcohol manager, the bartenders, and additional student supports. The EM must not consume alcohol prior to and through to the conclusion of the event and must be present for the entire duration of the event including wrap-up and event conclusion.
Expectations of Alcohol Managers
The AM is the person overseeing the alcohol component of the event which includes managing everything from the request for distribution of alcohol at the event and all processes before and after. The AM must be familiar with the Columbia University alcohol policy and the available support resources at an event (i.e. venue manager, proctors, security, staff, etc.). The AM must have completed alcohol training and must be at least 21 years of age, must not consume alcohol prior to and during the event, and must support the proctors and bartenders at all points of alcohol distribution at an event.
The AM reports directly to the EM. The AM must be present for the entire duration of the event including wrap up and event conclusion. Expectations to all student managers will be communicated first at the advising level and next during the alcohol training and event management training.
Accountability of the Sponsoring Organization
In the case of an event going badly (i.e. policies were violated, agreements not honored, improper conduct of participants and student management), the sponsoring student organization will be held responsible. In the instances where there are co-sponsorships, all sponsoring groups will be held accountable. Sanctions will be determined after discussions with advising offices, student organizations, and the event management offices. Sanctions could include damage assessments, increased security costs for future events, and suspension of privileges for a specified period of time.
Your event may not be publicized until it is approved by your adviser. All publicity must state that two forms of identification verifying proof of age is required for the consumption of alcoholic beverages and may not mention or depict alcohol in any other way.
Food and Beverages
Food and non-alcoholic beverages must be continuously and amply provided and displayed throughout the event.
Management Reminders
Neither members designated to serve alcohol and check for proof of age nor the event coordinator may consume alcohol. The event coordinator must arrive one half-hour early to meet with the lead proctor.
Only the approved amount of alcohol will be allowed at the event. If a punch or other mixed drink is prepared in quantity before or during the event, it must be mixed in the presence of the proctors, not before their arrival.
You must enforce Columbia University policy at the event and may seek the assistance of a proctor or security officer if necessary. If an emergency arises during the event that creates an unsafe or dangerous situation, go to the proctor and then call Security and CAVA. After the event, report any problems you experienced to your adviser. At the specified closing time, all service of alcoholic beverages must cease. Proctors are not authorized to make exceptions to these rules.
Keg Protocol
Kegs are not allowed in the residence halls on the Morningside campus, Brownstones, or in Lerner Hall. Wherever kegs are allowed, all keg-poured beer must be served in a clear 12-ounce cup. All servers must be of legal drinking age and must refrain from drinking while serving.
In accordance with Columbia University's Alcohol Policy, Student Affairs will determine if proctors will be assigned to the event. If persons under 21 years old are present, proctors must be used. Proctors may be required for additional reasons other than age of participants or physical location of the event. If proctors are assigned to the event, proctor information will be listed on the approved form and available prior to the event from your Student Affairs adviser. The Event Coordinator must contact the lead proctor at least twenty-four hours before the event to discuss alcohol policy and the role and responsibility of the proctors. The proctors' role is primarily to identify those of legal drinking age, appropriately handle the distribution of alcohol, and effectively monitor behavior at the event.
Serving Alcoholic Beverages
Only the amounts and types of alcoholic beverages approved for your event may be served. Alcohol must be served, one drink at a time, only to persons who have been checked for proof of age, and must not be served to anyone who is drunk or disorderly. Both the temporary beer and wine permit and a warning on the effects of alcohol during pregnancy must be displayed. Unused alcohol will be disposed of completely as directed by the lead proctor. No alcohol may be stored past the ending time of the event and no alcohol may be removed from the physical location of the event — this should be taken into account along with other factors in planning for the event. All bartenders must be 21 years of age or older and must display ID before the start of the event.
Two forms of valid proof of age (21 or older) are required to drink alcoholic beverages and must include a US or Canadian driver's license or non-driver identification card, passport, or US Armed Forces identification card. A CUID card may serve as the second proof of age. Approved wristbands must be used to identify those who have shown proper proof of age.


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In this work, we present a gate-all-around (GAA) low-temperature poly-Si nanowire (NW) junctionless device with TiN/Al2O3 gate stack using an implant-free approach. Since the source/drain and channel regions are sharing one in situ phosphorous-doped poly-Si material, the process flow and cost could be efficiently reduced. Owing to the GAA configuration and small volume of NW channels, the fabricated devices with heavily doped channels display superior switching behaviors and excellent immunity to short-channel effects. Besides, the negative fixed charges in Al2O3 are found to be helpful to obtain desirable positive threshold voltages for the n+-poly-Si channel devices. Thus, the simple and low-cost fabrication method along with excellent device characteristics makes the proposed GAA NW transistor a promising candidate for future 3-D electronics and system-on-panel applications.
With the aggressive downscaling of transistor dimensions to increase the speed and density of transistors on an integrated circuit, nanowire (NW) field-effect transistors (FETs) are considered as one of the most promising device architectures to meet the requirements [1–3]. Hence, a plethora of researches focusing on NW-based devices especially with multiple-gated structure has been widely explored [3–6]. Owing to the inherent tiny volume of NW, it enables better gate controllability for overcoming the short-channel effects over the planar FETs because the electrostatic potential in the ultrathin channel can be effectively controlled so that the channel suffers less electrical interference from the drain [3, 5]. Concurrently, the control on junction doping profiles of source/drain (S/D)-to-channel regions becomes extremely challenging in nanoscale regimes. In line with this, junctionless (JL) devices have been proposed to cope with the doping profile issue [7, 8]. In a JL structure, the dopant type and concentration are the same all the way from the source, channel to drain. Such JL transistor is operated as an accumulation-mode device and basically a gated resistor in the on-state, while it can be switched off by full depletion of carriers in the channel by the gate. Since no conventional p-n junctions are formed in it, the JL scheme can relieve the stringent formation technique of the ultra-shallow or ultra-abrupt junction, thus simplifying the fabrication process. Furthermore, the conduction mechanism of such scheme is via currents passing through the body of the channel, and accordingly, the most important criteria of this scheme is that the channel layer must be thin enough so it can be entirely depleted by the potential difference exerted by the gate [7]. In this work, we present a junction-free NW device with gate-all-around (GAA) TiN/Al2O3 stack using one in situ doped poly-Si material for both the channel and S/D regions without any implant process. Due to the GAA structure together with the small body, the gate is capable of depleting the heavily doped channel thoroughly to switch the device off, thus obtaining a high on/off current ratio as well as good on-state performance. In addition, most high-κ oxides have positive fixed charges, except that Al2O3 has negative fixed charges [9]. By taking advantage of this feature, we investigate the utilization of Al2O3 as the gate dielectric for the n+-poly-Si channel device and expect that the proposed JL device could be desirably operated in a positive threshold voltage (Vth) range for favoring its applications in logic circuits and memory devices.
Device fabrication and experiment
The key fabrication process flow of the proposed GAA JL NW FET is briefly described in Figure 1. First, a sandwich stack of nitride/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) oxide/nitride layers was sequentially deposited and then patterned on a Si substrate capped with a 200-nm-thick wet oxide. Next, the formation of a sub-100-nm cavity underneath both sides of the top nitride was fulfilled by selective lateral etching of the TEOS oxide layer using diluted hydrofluoric (HF) solution (HF:H2O = 1:100) as shown in (Figure 1a). The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images before and after cavity formation are depicted in Figure 2. With 60-s etching time, a vivid shape of cavity was formed and served as the template for the formation of NW channels. An in situ phosphorus-doped poly-Si layer was then deposited at 550°C using a mixture of SiH4/PH3 gases in the LPCVD system (Figure 1b), followed by an anisotropic plasma etching to define the NW doped channels (denoted as DC) and S/D regions simultaneously to form the structure without junctions (i.e., n+-n+-n+), as illustrated in (Figure 1c). Note that the conventional control devices (i.e., n+-i-n+) were also processed along with a similar flow but using undoped poly-Si as the channel (denoted as undoped channel, UC), while the S/D regions were formed with the same in situ doped poly-Si as in the DC device. To implement the GAA structure, the sandwich stack layers were removed to suspend the NW channels, as revealed in Figure 3 with various volumes of NWs. Subsequently, the high-κ/metal gate stack structure was formed using the atomic-layer deposition system to conformally deposit 10-nm Al2O3 and 10-nm TiN films onto the NW channel, as shown in (Figure 1d). Note that the final thickness of the TiN gate electrode is 150 nm by adding another 140-nm TiN film through sputtering. After patterning the gate electrode, depositing passivation layer, and standard metallization procedure, the fabrication of NW devices was accomplished. (Figure 4a) shows the cross-sectional transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image of a GAA NW device with NW channel dimensions of about 11 × 15 nm. In this study, NW channels with the cross section of such dimensions for DC and UC devices are used for characterization unless mentioned otherwise.
In this study, Hall measurements were conducted on a blanket in situ doped poly-Si thin film of 3,000 Å; the carrier concentration of PH3 with 15 sccm flow rate was found to be around 1 × 1020 cm−3. However, the practical active carrier concentration in the NW channels of the fabricated devices would be much lower than the result of Hall measurements due to the effects of film volume [10] and donor deactivation occurring in the Si NW structure [11].
Results and discussion
Transfer characteristics of the DC and UC NW FETs are depicted in Figure 5, in which another two DC NW devices with larger channel cross sections are also compared to illustrate the volume effect on the switching behaviors. The cross-sectional dimensions of the NWs for these two larger devices are 75 × 30 nm (mid-sized DC) and 125 × 40 nm (large-sized DC), respectively, as shown in (Figure 4b,c). Apparently, more aggravated switching properties are observed for larger NW channels among the three splits of DC devices. Owing to the conduction mechanism of the junctionless scheme, the bulk conduction path in the channel is not apt to be fully depleted as the channel cross section increases [7]. Therefore, for the mid-sized and large-sized DC devices, they cannot be effectively turned off by the gate, even though a high gate bias (VG) of −10 V is applied as revealed in Figure 5. On the other hand, the DC device with small NW channels displays superior switching behaviors with a subthreshold swing of 210 mV/dec and on/off current ratio of 7 × 106, outperforming its UC counterpart with the current ratio of 2 × 106. In the above comparison, the on current (ION) is defined as the drain current (ID) at VG − Vth = 2 V, while the off current (IOFF) is the minimal ID. (Figure 6a) compares the on currents, extracted at VG − Vth = 2 V and VD = 0.5 V from both types of devices, as a function of channel length (L). In our device structure, the channel length is defined as the spacing between the S/D regions. The ION is evidently boosted in the DC devices, especially as the channel length is long. This is attributed to the much larger cross section available for carrier flow, leading to the reduction in the channel resistance for the DC devices [7, 8]. Besides, the carriers available for conduction in the DC devices also outnumber those in the UC counterparts. Nevertheless, for shorter channels, the enhancement is not so pronounced. We ascribe this to two plausible reasons. For one, the series resistance in the S/D regions (RSD) for the DC devices is still high and could contribute to this trend as the channel length decreases, although RSD has been demonstrated to be reduced in the junctionless scheme as compared with its counterpart with junctions [8, 12]. In order to further boost the ION enhancement, the S/D regions should be silicided or doped with higher concentration. Besides, as can be seen in (Figure 6b), due to the small and long NW structure, the region of NW channel located away from the supporting source/drain ends tends to tumble down and might touch the substrate surface. However, for a shorter-channel device, the NWs normally suspend between the S/D regions as depicted in the inset. Thus, after the gate stack formation, the actual gate structure in the central part of a long channel may not be in a perfect gate-all-around configuration. Since the conduction mechanism in the DC and UC transistors is mainly through bulk and surface paths, respectively, the central region of the channel would be induced with fewer carriers for the UC device. As a result, the IO N enhancement for the DC transistors becomes larger as channel length increases, and this result may also imply that the DC device is less susceptible to gate configuration in the on-regime.
Figure 7 shows the threshold voltage as a function of channel length for both types of devices. The smaller Vth values found in the DC devices are a result of the accumulation-mode operation. Due to the large work-function difference between the n+-doped NW channels and TiN gate, reasonable Vth values can be achieved for the DC devices. Furthermore, as compared with their counterparts with SiO2 gate dielectric, positive Vth values found in the DC devices with Al2O3 could be ascribed to the effect of negative fixed charges contained in Al2O3. Besides, no obvious Vth roll-off behaviors are observed in both types of devices with Al2O3, suggesting the effectiveness of the GAA structure and high-κ gate dielectric exploited.
In summary, we have reported the fabrication and experimental investigation of the junction-free GAA NW device with TiN/Al2O3 gate stack structure by employing an implant-free method. From the results of the electrical characterizations, a sufficiently small cross section of the NW channels is essential to obtain superior on/off current ratio for heavily doped channel devices. The fabricated DC devices also show excellent Vth roll-off properties and boosted on-state performance especially as the channel length increases. The adoption of Al2O3 as the gate dielectric shifts the Vth to a positive value and thus is conducive to acquiring desirable Vth. With its low cost and straightforward processing, we believe that the proposed GAA NW JL transistor architecture is promising for future 3-D electronics and system-on-panel applications.
Yeo KH, Suk SD, Li M, Yeoh YY, Cho KH, Hong KH, Yun S, Lee MS, Cho N, Lee K, Hwnag D, Park B, Kim DW, Park D, Ryu BI: Gate-all-around (GAA) twin silicon nanowire MOSFET (TSNWFET) with 15 nm length gate and 4 nm radius nanowires. In International Electron Devices Meeting: December 11–13 2006. IEEE, San Francisco. Piscataway; 2006:1–4.
Appenzeller J, Knoch J, Björk MT, Riel H, Schmid H, Riess W: Toward nanowire electronics. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 2008, 55: 2827.
Suk SD, Li M, Yeoh YY, Yeo KH, Ha JK, Lim H, Park HW, Kim DW, Chung TY, Oh KS, Lee WS: Characteristics of sub-5-nm trigate nanowire MOSFETs with single- and poly-Si channels in SOI structure. In VLSI Symposium Technology: June 16–18 2009; Honolulu. IEEE, Piscataway; 2009:142.
Singh N, Agarwal A, Bera LK, Liow TY, Yang R, Rustagi SC, Tung CH, Kumar R, Lo GQ, Balasubramanian N, Kwong DL: High-performance fully depleted silicon nanowire (diameter ≤ 5 nm) gate-all-around CMOS devices. IEEE Electron Device Lett 2006, 27: 383.
Im M, Han JW, Lee H, Yu LE, Kim S, Kim CH, Jeon SC, Kim KH, Lee GS, Oh JS, Park YC, Lee HM, Choi YK: Multiple-gate CMOS thin-film transistor with polysilicon nanowire. IEEE Electron Device Lett 2008, 29: 102.
Hsu HH, Lin HC, Luo CW, Su CJ, Huang TY: Impacts of multiple-gated configuration on the characteristics of poly-Si nanowire SONOS devices. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 2011, 58: 641.
Colinge JP, Lee CW, Afzalian A, Akhavan ND, Yan R, Ferain I, Razavi P, O'Neill B, Blake A, White M, Kelleher AM, McCarthy B, Murphy R: Nanowire transistors without junctions. Nature Nanotechnol 2010, 5: 225. 10.1038/nnano.2010.15
Su CJ, Tsai TI, Liou YL, Lin ZM, Lin HC, Chao TS: Gate-all-around junctionless transistors with heavily doped polysilicon nanowire channels. IEEE Electron Device Lett 2011, 32: 561.
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Lee CW, Lederer D, Afzalian A, Yan R, Dehdashti N, Xiong W, Colinge JP: Comparison of contact resistance between accumulation-mode and inversion-mode multigate FETs. Solid State Electron 1815, 2008: 52.
The authors would like to thank the National Nano Device Laboratories (NDL) and Nano Facility Center (NFC) of National Chiao Tung University for assistance in device fabrication. This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan under Aim for the Top University (ATU) Program and in part by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under contract No. 99-2221-E-009-167-MY3.
Additional information
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
CJ carried out the SEM and TEM characterization, performed the electrical analysis, and drafted the manuscript. TI fabricated the samples and carried out the electrical characterization. HC participated in the design and coordination of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Cite this article
Su, CJ., Tsai, TI., Lin, HC. et al. Low-temperature poly-Si nanowire junctionless devices with gate-all-around TiN/Al2O3 stack structure using an implant-free technique. Nanoscale Res Lett 7, 339 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-7-339
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-7-339
- Accumulation mode
- Gate-all-around
- Junctionless
- Low-temperature poly-Si
- Nanowire


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Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) was the center of attention Wednesday — isn't it always? — at a press event in San Francisco. Consumer electronics fans were eagerly awaiting iPad 3 release news, especially the date that the new Apple tablet would first be available for sale.
They weren't disappointed.
The next incarnation of the Apple iPad will include a host of features. There's the slick "Retina" display, designed so it is literally impossible for the human eye to discern individual pixels at arm's length. "The new iPad" boasts an improved 5 megapixel camera and the capability to record HD video. There's also a voice dictation feature on this new Apple iPad tablet.
Oh and by the way, at the iPad event, Apple also unveiled a new Apple TV …
I'll leave the gadget reviews to the tech blogs and the long wait in lines to Apple disciples who just can't to trade up from their iPad 2 … or – gasp! — a lowly first run of the iPad tablet from almost two whole years ago!
What investors should be salivating over this week isn't a chance to own the newest Apple gadget, but the prospect of owning AAPL stock. There were plenty of reasons to buy in before today's press conference, and Apple is looking better than ever right now.
Here are five reasons Apple is better than ever:
Fairly Valued: The biggest criticism of Apple as an investment is that AAPL stock just never seems to quit. Up 50% in the past 12 months and up 500% in the last five years, it has to cool off eventually … right? Well, maybe not. The important thing is that profits are rising just as fast as the stock. Based on predictions of $49 per share for fiscal 2013 earnings, Apple has a P/E ratio of under 11. The historic average for the S&P is 15, and right now the trailing 12-month operating P/E of the S&P 500 stands at 13.9 — so Apple is actually a bargain compared to many other stocks, at least by this price-to-earnings metric.
Stunning Cash Hoard: Last quarter, Apple reported $30 billion in cold, hard cash on its books. It has another $67 billion in long-term investments. Total hard assets at the company are about $138 billion. So that's what this company is valued at without a single iPad sales receipt! It makes it easier to understand how this company can be worth so much, and sit on the top of the heap as the largest publicly traded U.S. stock by market cap.
No Sales Fatigue Yet: Sales growth is amazing for this stock. Apple sales revenue has tripled from fiscal 2008 to fiscal 2011, from $32.5 billion to $108.2 billion. That's in part because the iPad juiced numbers, but also because the iPhone remains a tremendously popular item. Even with "old" products like its iPhone smartphone that have started to see competition from devices powered by Google (NASDAQ:GOOG) and its Android operating system, the iPhone is a powerhouse, selling a record 37.04 million iPhones in the fourth quarter of 2011 — a 128% increase over Q4 2010! Not only is the iPad growing fast, but the iPhone continues to see momentum in the U.S. That's to say nothing of emerging market potential — consider that the iPhone 4S sold out preorders in a mere 10 minutes when it became available in Hong Kong last November.
The "Smart Money" Still Is Buying: So is it just suckers like me buying Apple? Not quite. Consider that this week Barclays Capital just bumped its 12-month price target on Apple stock up 13% — from $630 to $710 per share! Even if you don't want to believe in the new target, $630 still is a nearly 20% gain from here. Not bad. This is after a February upgrade to the stock from Oppenheimer, which put an "outperform" rating on AAPL shares. Clearly, institutional investors aren't scared at all of owning Apple even after the impressive run of the past few years.
The Future: "The new iPad" may not blow away some folks, since it isn't a complete reinvention or a brand-new gadget. The new Apple iPad does have a host of new features though, and is testament to the company's ability to recreate its successes. The incremental improvements in each model also provide a bump to sales, since gadget junkies continually run out for the next great model. Apple may not need to reinvent the success of the iPad or iPhone to maintain its dominance. All it has to do is keep incrementally improving. But don't think Apple is resting on it's laurels — there's a reason the tech company started Wednesday's event with a fancy new Apple TV. It just goes to show that even while the masses clamor for iPad 3 and iPhone 5 news, Apple will never quit seeking the next big thing.
Apple is also one of my 5 "editor's picks" for March, if you want more detail and more stock picks.
Jeff Reeves is the editor of InvestorPlace.com. Write him at email@example.com, follow him on Twitter via @JeffReevesIP and become a fan of InvestorPlace on Facebook. Jeff Reeves holds a position in Alcoa, but no other publicly traded stocks.


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A: How long the hair lasts depends on how you maintain it. Treat it like your own hair and take very good care of it, then normally it could last longer than 1 year.
Q: Why the colors of hair extensions don't seem exactly as the pictures show or description says?
A: Different monitors have different displays. The same color number may have a little color difference. You could dye the hair if you need different color. SEE MORE
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If you haven't received a refund yet, first check your bank account again.
Then contact your credit card company, it may take some time before your refund is officially posted. Next, contact your bank. There is often some processing time before a refund is posted. If you've done all of this and you still have not received your refund yet, please contact us at email@example.com.
Please contact our Customer service at email@example.com to get the returned address.


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(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
Contact us for information about using this image.
This view of Avenue A, Turners Falls, Massachusetts' main street, shows the block extending between 3rd and 2nd Streets, toward the Connecticut River. In 1938, the end of the street would become the beginning of the Turners Falls-Gill Bridge. Coming toward us instead is a trolley of the Connecticut Valley Street Railway, which was newly consolidated in 1905, the year of this photograph. The Turners Falls trolley line was first begun in 1895 as the Greenfield & Turners Falls Street Railway.
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Lower Suspension Bridge, Turners Falls, Mass.
John Russell Cutlery Works, Turners Falls, Mass.
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Park Ave. Fire (Bridgeport, CT) 5/5/13
BRIDGEPORT, CT – Shortly after 10:30pm on May 5, 2013, the Bridgeport Fire Department was dispatched to 540 Park Avenue for a building fire. Engine 3 arrived first on scene and found a 1-story commercial vacant strip mall with heavy fire and smoke showing from the rear. The fire spread to all of the structure's four storefronts via the cockloft space before being knocked down shortly after. This building was also the scene of a previous fire.Read More


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"Men are disturbed, not by the things that happen,
but by their opinion of the things that happen."
- Epictetus
The largest and most magnificent covered cistern in the city is entered through a small building to the west of the Hagia Sophia Square. The ceiling of this forest of columns is made of brick and is cross-vaulted. The name of the cistern comes from a basilica that was once located nearby.
It was built during the reign of Justinian I (527-565) to supply water to the palaces in the vicinity. Its 336 columns are arranged in 12 rows of 28 each. The cistern measures 140 by 70 meters. The columns are topped with capitals, some of them plain, but most in Corinthian style. The water level in the cistern changed from season to season. The water was distributed through the pipes at different levels in the eastern wall.
The ground was cleared during the major restoration in 1987, and when over one meter of mud was removed, the original brick pavement and two marble Medusa heads at the base of two of the columns were revealed. The walkway that was constructed at that time enables visitors to walk around the cistern.
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Spacetime Studios' Pocket Legends is one of our favorite MMOs for iOS, and today Android users will be able to get in on the action, too. Now people can't call you antisocial when you're playing around on your phone!
The Android version makes Pocket Legends the first cross-platform 3D MMO, so iPhone users and Androiders will finally be able to peacefully coexist, launching campaigns and amassing inventory in virtual harmony. At least in theory.
The app's free to download with a slew of in-game purchases for new campaigns and such, and it'll run on all devices running Android 2.1 or higher. You can grab a copy over at Pocket Legends later today. And there's always the iOS version, too, if you're just late to the game. [Pocket Legends]


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use Marpa::R2; my $grammar = Marpa::R2::Grammar->new( { actions => 'My_Actions', default_action => 'do_first_arg', source => \(<<'END_OF_SOURCE'), :start ::= Script Script ::= Expression+ separator => <op comma> action => do_script Expression ::= Number | (<op lparen>) Expression (<op rparen>) action => do_parens assoc => group || Expression (<op pow>) Expression action => do_pow assoc => right || Expression (<op times>) Expression action => do_multiply | Expression (<op divide>) Expression action => do_divide || Expression (<op add>) Expression action => do_add | Expression (<op subtract>) Expression action => do_subtract END_OF_SOURCE } );
OverviewThis page is the reference for the Marpa's ``BNF interface'', also called its ``Stuifzand interface''. Use of the Stuifzand interface is now discouraged, in favor of the SLIF interface. Almost all of the functionality of the Stuifzand interface can be duplicated in the SLIF interface by switching immediately to external scanning, and never switching back to internal scanning. To switch immediately to external scanning in the SLIF, specify a length of zero for its initial "read()". For more details, see the document for the SLIF itself.
The source stringStuifzand interface source strings are specified using the the "source" named argument of Marpa::R2's grammars. BNF source strings perform the functions of the "rules" and the "start" named arguments of Marpa grammars. When the "source" named argument is used to specify a grammar, the "rules" and "start" named arguments should not be used, and vice versa. The syntax for the Stuifzand interface's source string is the same as the syntax for the SLIF DSL, except that features and syntax not relevant to the Stuifzand interface are not supported.
Everything related to L0 grammars is unsupported. L0 grammars do not exist in the Stuifzand interface. Lexemes, character classes and quoted strings all implicitly require a L0 grammar to exist and therefore, they also are not supported.
Since the Stuifzand interface does not implement internal scanning, everything to do with internal scanning is unsupported. Events and pauses are the most visible of these features.
In most cases, when features have introduced after the SLIF replaced the Stuifzand interface as Marpa's primary interface, those features have been retro-ported if they make sense in the Stuifzand context. However, this will necessarily always be the case in the future.
Here is a list of some of the unsupported SLIF DSL features,
Character classes
These implicitly use the L0 grammar.
Quoted strings
These implicitly use the L0 grammar.
Discard rules
":discard" rules control the behavior of the L0 grammar.
The lexeme and lexeme default statements
The ":lexeme" pseudo-rule and the lexeme default statement define the behavior of lexemes. Lexemes in the SLIF sense do not exist in the Stuifzand interface.
L0 rules
Rules with the tilde declarator (""~"") defined L0 rules.
Event declarations
Events exist to pause the SLIF internal scanning.
The pause adverb
The pause adverb exists to pause the SLIF internal scanning.
The priority adverb
The priority adverb defines lexeme priorities. Lexemes in the SLIF sense do not exist in the Stuifzand interface.
Actions specified as array descriptors
Actions specified as array descriptors, for example,
action => [start,length,value]
exist primarily to support lexeme semantics. They can also specify rule semantics, but their functionality has not been retro-ported to the Stuifzand interface, and probably never will be.
Copyright and License
Copyright 2014 Jeffrey Kegler This file is part of Marpa::R2. Marpa::R2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. Marpa::R2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with Marpa::R2. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.


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Supply Expert Inc
N200 NEUTRAL 200Amp
Supply Expert offers a variety of shipping and delivery options for your convenience.
Upon check out you will be able to choose from our Express GTA 90 minute delivery, same day, next day, specialized and scheduled deliveries.
We pride ourselves with the level of commitment we offer towards our delivery and shipping services and guarantee on-time reliable service every time.
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Chicago public school teachers began manning picket lines instead of classrooms Monday, launching the first teacher strike in the city in 25 years.
The strike, announced Sunday night, left about 350,000 students without schools to attend and parents scrambling to find alternatives. The union that represents nearly 30,000 teachers and support staff in the nation's third-largest school district called the strike after negotiators failed to reach a contract agreement with school administrators despite 10 months of negotiations.
Below, we break down the key issues that are keeping the teachers out of the classroom, what the teachers are asking for and what the schools are willing to offer.
Compensation and health care benefits
One of the key issues is salaries and benefits for teachers and their families.
What the teachers want: to maintain their existing health benefits, as well as salary increases.
"Recognizing the Board's fiscal woes, we are not far apart on compensation," the Chicago Teachers Union said in a news release. "However, we are apart on benefits."
What the Chicago Board of Education is offering: a deal that would increase salaries 16% over four years. The average teacher salary in Chicago was $74,839 for the 2011-12 school year, according to the district. The total salary increase would equal $380 million over four years. That includes "modified step increases that both reward experience and provides better incentives for mid-career teachers to help keep them serving in the Chicago Public School system," according to a news release from the school system.
"The Board is calling for a modification to the health care plan funding that will freeze all employee health care contributions for single and couple plans with a small increase in family contributions of no more than $20 a pay period in addition to a small increase in emergency room co-pays," the school system says. "67% of all CTU members will not see a change to their healthcare."
Job security
Another major issue is making sure teachers will know their jobs are safe amid the likely closing of several schools over the next couple years. Teacher issues center on what options will be available to them if they are laid off, as well as how they can be promoted.
What the teachers want: more teacher training and help for laid-off workers.
"We want job security. Despite a new curriculum and new, stringent evaluation system, CPS proposes no increase (or even decreases) in teacher training. This is notable because our Union through our Quest Center is at the forefront teacher professional development in Illinois," the union says. "We have been lauded by the District and our colleagues across the country for our extensive teacher training programs that helped emerging teachers strengthen their craft and increased the number of nationally board certified educators."
Are you there? Share your images and videos.
The union notes that "while new Illinois law prohibits us from striking over the recall of laid-off teachers," it does not plan to sign an agreement until both sides discuss the issue and implement a plan.
What the Chicago Board of Education is offering: The board has announced plans and opportunities for laid-off workers but only a willingness to discuss opportunities for promotion.
The school system notes that it has addressed concerns about teachers displaced by school closings, turnarounds or phaseouts, and other reasons.
If a school is closed, Chicago Public Schools says, teachers will "receive a job at a school receiving their students if there is a vacancy; placed in a reassigned teacher pool for five months or may elect to receive a three-month lump sum severance; or placed in a Quality Teacher Force Pool in which teachers who apply for positions shall be entitled to an interview and explanation if not hired."
If a teacher is displaced by turnarounds or phaseouts, they will be "placed in a reassigned teacher pool for five months or may elect three-month lump sum severance." Teachers displaced for other reasons will "have recall rights for one year for the same unit and position and will be offered interim assignment in substitute teacher pool."
As for moving up within the system, the Board of Education says the union should work with it "to increase promotion opportunities and identify differentiated compensation models that have worked in other places."
New teacher evaluation system
As many as 6,000 teachers could lose their jobs under a new evaluation system based on standardized test scores implemented by the school district, Chicago Teachers Union President Karen Lewis said. Statistics from the Chicago Public School District and the state show that Chicago children perform poorly compared with the rest of students, with 10% to 20% more students not meeting the goals compared with rest of the state in reading, math and science during the 2010-11 school year.
What the teachers want: a change to the new evaluation system for teachers.
Lewis called the new system "unacceptable," saying that too much emphasis is being placed on testing scores.
"This is no way to measure the effectiveness of an educator. Further there are too many factors beyond our control which impact how well some students perform on standardized tests such as poverty, exposure to violence, homelessness, hunger and other social issues beyond our control," the union said in its news release.
What the Chicago Board of Education is offering: to help get the new system in place and reach required standards.
"The Board has proposed to work jointly with CTU to fully implement REACH Students and maintain performance standards and student growth requirements," it said in its release. "This proposal will also allow CPS and CTU to study REACH's implementation jointly and make adjustments as needed."
Opinion: U.S. needs more strikes
1. When school districts hire new teachers eliminate the possibility of they receiving tenure the way it is today. After X amount of year(some as short as 5 years) they are hired for ever. Instead make it like sports were the teacher can sign a contract for say 5 years at a time. This way every 5 years you can look at that teachers overall performance and decide if you want to give them another 5 year contract.
2. The teachers making a fuss about this are the ones that have tenure and don't what that taken away from them. They younger teachers are just following the lead so they are not out cast by the union and hated on by the other teachers in the building. Believe me teachers can be bullies as the rest of the world.
Thats it for now and BTW someone mentioned that teachers get at most 1 week to relax. Yea right more like 26 week to 2 months which is still alot more than the private sector.
I truly love your site.. Pleasant colors & theme. Did you build this web site yourself? Please reply back as I'm looking to create my very own blog and would love to learn where you got this from or exactly what the theme is named. Many thanks!
Excellent article! We are linking to this particularly great post on our site. Keep up the good writing.
It's nearly impossible to find experienced people about this subject, however, you sound like you know what you're talking about! Thanks


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Tortilla Chips with Cheese. Spread a 1-ounce bag baked tortilla chips (or 18 baked tortilla chips) on a microwave-safe plate. Top with 1/4 cup reduced-fat shredded cheese. Heat 45 seconds to 2 minutes in microwave (watch) until melted.
Apple with Peanut Butter. Have 1 apple topped with 1 tablespoon peanut butter. Drink 1 cup fat-free milk.
Applesauce. Have 1 convenience-size single-serving container of unsweetened applesauce. Serve with 30 peanuts.
Banana and Chocolate Dip. Prepare a dip using 3 tablespoons fat-free sour cream, 1/4 teaspoon vanilla extract, and 2 tablespoons chocolate syrup. Serve with 1 sliced banana. Spear each banana slice with a toothpick for dipping fun.
More From Good Housekeeping
Pears Drizzled with Chocolate. Open a can of pear halves packed in juice or water. Serve 1 canned pear half drizzled with 1 1/2 tablespoons chocolate syrup and topped with 1 tablespoon chopped walnuts. Serve with 1 cup fat-free milk.
Raisin-Nut Cluster. Mix 2 tablespoons raisins with 1/4 cup chopped walnuts, 1 tablespoon honey, and 1 teaspoon maple extract. Top with 1/2 teaspoon granulated sugar. Place in a small paper cup and freeze. Serve slightly thawed.
Frozen Grapes. Put 1 1/2 cups grapes in the freezer for several hours. Eat right out of the freezer — they're like candy! Serve with 1 string cheese stick.
Pita and Hummus. Dip a 5-inch-diameter whole-wheat pita (check label and have 100 calories worth) into 1/3 cup hummus. Have 1/2 cup cucumber slices or other vegetable on the side.
Instant Chili. Prepare 1 cup Fantastic Foods Cha Cha Chili (or other instant bean dish for 250 calories) according to package directions.
Banana Smoothie. In a blender, combine 1 small, ripe banana, 1 ice cube, and 2 teaspoons honey with 1/2 cup fat-free milk and 1/2 cup low-fat plain yogurt.
SlimFast Bar and Nuts. Your choice of any SlimFast bar with 1/8 cup pistachios (about 10).
Waffle with Peanut Butter. Toast 1 whole-grain waffle and top with 1 1/2 tablespoons peanut butter.
Cottage Cheese and Fruit. Have 1/2 cup 1% cottage cheese with 1/2 cup cut fruit, any variety, OR choose 1 Breakstone's Cottage Cheese Doubles (prepackaged snack with cottage cheese on one side and fruit on the other).
Tangy Treat. Have 6 ounces pineapple juice (easy to find in some vending machines) with 1 Wasa crispbread cracker and 1 string cheese stick.
Café au Lait and Muffin. Mix 1 cup brewed coffee with 1 cup fat-free milk and 1 teaspoon sugar. Serve with 1 mini blueberry muffin (such as Hostess Snack Cakes mini blueberry muffins).
Apricots and Crackers. Have 6 dried apricot halves with three 2 1/2-inch graham cracker squares topped with 1 1/2 tablespoons peanut butter.
Fruit, Cheese, and Nuts. Serve 1 ripe medium pear or 1 medium apple with 1 string cheese stick. Toss in 6 whole almonds.
Maple Milk and Crackers with Peanut Butter. Heat 1 cup fat-free milk and stir in 1 teaspoon maple syrup. Serve with 2 Wasa crispbread crackers each topped with 1 teaspoon peanut butter.
Fruit with Toasted Nuts. Serve 2 cups cut fruit, any variety, topped with 2 tablespoons toasted chopped walnuts.
Mini Pizza. Split 1 whole-wheat English muffin, top with 1/3 cup spaghetti sauce and 1 string cheese stick, sliced up. Bake in toaster oven until cheese is melted, about 3 to 5 minutes.


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Here's something for the annals of entertaining (albeit dubiously safe) street art. A group of Hamburg artists were unimpressed with a tower in the city's Hafencity neighborhood, so they turned it into a flame-belching dragon. Don't try this at home.
Says .WAV (via The Wooster Collective):
It was found in the Hafencity neighborhood, which has become the quintessential example of socially insensitive city planning in the metropole. This area is largely devoid of any natural life beyond contractors and business-peoples, and is home to the new Elb Philharmonic. This landmark building for the city has gone way over budget and is seen as the physical form of political misspending.
So we thought we'd liven the place up a bit. Hopefully not all aspects of our cities need to be so unplayful.


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Support (800) 444-8770 - Email: [email protected]
Select your style of SU rack below.
If you're not sure which kind of rack you have see PHOTOS.
There are 3 different version of this inner tool rack available, for the 3 different versions of racks.
Option 1: Non point 1 inner tool rack, order all 3 peices for the no .1 design.
Option 2: You have a upper plate welded in (Point1) but no lower inner tool plate, order all 3 peices for the .1 design.Option 3: You have a upper plate welded in (Point1) but no lower inner tool plate (same as option 2), order the bolt in plate only. This allows for other mounts.
Option 4: I have a "Point1" plate and welded in inner tool mount ("T" style rack) on the SU rack. This will give you 2 L brackets.
The SU Racks in the chart below have the welded in Inner Tool Tray Base Plate
We've been making our popular SU rack in one version or another for over 20+ years. There is no stronger luggage side rack anywhere. The SU rack is unbeatable for carrying any kind of luggage and especially excels at being the center point of our aluminum pannier systems.
Many of us have developed a style of riding that includes offloading luggage at a point of destination and then riding without the panniers for day trips. But what happens when the carefully developed tool kit, tire inflation kit, and spare tubes are left back at camp or at home? Nothing good.
Jason and his team in the fabrication shop came up with a solution. It's this nifty SU inner tool kit/utility shelf carrier that allows a rider to load the inner space of symmetrical SU racks with the can't-leave-behind essentials, while leaving the panniers back at camp.
The two or three piece kits are an easy installation to an existing SU rack. For the older style racks three holes are drilled (6mm or 1/4" bit not included) using one of the plates as a template. The two remaining pieces form a secure shelf with an adjustable width of 2.5" to 3.75". The current "T" style SU Racks (see chart above) have the piece kits.Perfect for a tool roll or secure bag for carrying must-have items for field repairs.
Additional pictures show the shelf with optional Pannier Bag. In the video below, Tim Bernard explains the Inner Tool Kit beginning at 0:40.
All Happy Trails products are crafted in Boise, Idaho
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Quality USA Products: Your adventure is our goal! Every single Happy Trails part is hand made to order and quality checked right here in the USA to guarantee the highest quality products for your adventure.
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You would use the Rotopax Mount HERE
Yes it will work on the TW200
We just have the Point 1 Su Rack & the SL Rack for Versys 300.
No large Tail rack.
Just the Point 1 for the Sherpa.
Give Tim a call 800-444-8770 x106 for any help you might need
With the dual exhaust there is no room to put anything inside the SU Rack. The Inner Tool Tray will not work on the F650GS.
When we redesigned the KLR E Model SU we duscussed widening the SU Rack for a Rootpax to fit on the inside of the SU. With our 30 years ex[erince of riding and working on KLR we came to the conclusion that the KLR had a dequate fuel capacity and the need would be minimal. The IMS 10 gallon tank would be an option if more fuel is needed on the KLR.