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If you had told me a few years ago that there would be fine dining at the Navy Yard, I would have scoffed at you. Not because I don't think that it's a place in the city with great potential, because it actually has unlimited potential to be a destination spot for visitors and residents. But to me, the Navy Yard was where my husband used to work. On a ship. Which sat in the water. Sure, people work there, but the height of dining at the Navy Yard was going to the cafeteria at Urban Outfitters, or the occasional food truck day here and there. Then the new buildings came and the pharmaceutical companies followed. Then came the hotel. And now here we are, a Navy Yard that has a Marc Vetri restaurant. I'd been wanting to go to Lo Spiedo for awhile, but I couldn't conceive of dragging the husband there. So when M asked to go out to dinner on a random weeknight, I suggested it on a whim. Funny thing is, she was thinking the same thing. So we hopped in the car and headed down good 'ol Broad St. For those of you unfamiliar with the Navy Yard, Lo Spiedo is right where the front entrance is, just on the left. There is a little parking lot, but also plenty of parking on the street. It was truly bizarre going into the Navy Yard, after hours, without needing special employee access. It was fairly early, and because it was an impromptu decision, we didn't have a reservation. The place was fairly packed though, with a heavy happy hour crowd from the companies next door, but we luckily got a table. M ordered the Geisha cocktail, a freakishly strong mix of La Colombe Different Drum Rum, orange, and an actual little rose. I would have been passed out on the floor if I drank one of these. I had a house-made ginger beer which was tart yet delightful. I am fairly terrible when it comes to ordering food. Too many choices clouds my decisions. So one of my favorite things to do is ask our server for their favorites and their recommendations. This beef tartare with bagnetto verde was not one of her recommendations, but was the only thing that we ordered that wasn't on her list. The idea of raw beef isn't necessarily something that would have appealed to me in the past, but after going to Korea last year and eating some amazing raw sliced beef, now I'm totally up for trying some rawness. This was good, but not particularly exciting or interesting, so it's not something I'd have to try again. This spot is a small plates restaurant, so we ended up getting a bunch of things and sharing, just the way I prefer to eat, where I get to try a lot of different things. So all of these items were recommended by our adorable tattooed server: the spit-roasted vegetables with romesco and sicilian olive oil, the spit-roasted octopus, and the rignette pasta with macellaio bolognese. Man, that girl knows what she's talking about. I don't think I've ever had anything with romesco sauce before, but damn, I loved it. It was savory and sweet at the same time and a perfect accompaniment for the roasted veggies. The octopus was perfectly cooked and didn't need any flavoring at all. It was like a really well-cooked steak, meaty and substantive, really quite great. Those two dishes were actually cooked on the spit, as per the name of the restaurant, which means the spit. But my favorite dish of the night was the rignette pasta. I don't know what rignette is, but it's long and squiggly edged pasta, chewy, with plenty of surface area for whatever delicious sauce its cooked with, and this bolognese was really awesome. To me, truly a perfect dish on all levels. I cleaned the plate and could have eaten more. Overall, a great meal with a great friend. I'm excited to come back and try other dishes on the menu. Looks like I'll be back at the Navy Yard some more!
This year for my mom's birthday, she actually didn't pick sushi! It was a mom's birthday miracle! Not that I would have minded, but I was excited to mix it up for once. She got to pick, and this time she decided on Buddakan. Can you believe that I've never been? So we were all excited to check it out. I was quite surprised at how large the restaurant was inside. When all you get to see from the outside is a big door, you can't really see what's happening on the other side. There are a lot of tables here, and several levels. We tried the spicy rock shrimp bao buns. These were like the pork ones, but without the oink, and included pickled slaw and jalapenos. These were nice and spicy and zesty with a sour and sweet crunch. Let's face it, I love anything with crunchy slaw on it. For those of you non-pork eaters, this is a great way to enjoy a bao experience.These are the General Tso's Dumplings, which were filled with chicken and a hot & sour broth. M really liked these, and ate most of them, but I only thought they were ok. If I want dumplings, I'll stick to dim sum garden!I'm a sucker for Mao Po Tofu, so I got that as my main entree. Oh this was really great guys, one of the best mao po tofu dishes I've ever had. I have no idea if this is genuine or authentic or whatever, all I know is that I thoroughly enjoyed everything about the way Buddakan made their's. I would come back here just for this dish in a heartbeat.The birthday lady got the miso black cod served with bok choy, shiitake mushrooms, and a unagi sauce. I tend to think that ordering miso cod in an asian restaurant is always a safe bet, and this one was no different. It was also a good sized portion, not too small, not too big, perfect for my mom.
M is a sucker for seared tuna. If it's on a menu, any menu, he's bound to order it. And of course he did here. This is the wasabi tuna tataki with ginger somen noodles. First of all, look how beautiful the tuna is. It was like looking at stained glass or something. Second of all, M said this is the best tuna he has ever eaten. EVER. IN HIS LIFE. He's not one for such hyperbole, so for him to say such a thing, he meant it.
Even though we were all beyond stuffed, we had to get some dessert, specifically the dip sum doughnuts, which were five spice doughnuts with blackberry jam, chocolate sauce, gingered cream cheese dipping sauces. Oh my word. And the best part was that they're served in a typical chinese takeout container, so it was super easy to take home, which we definitely did! All in all, this was a delicious and fun meal. I've been to a number of Stephen Starr restaurants and had positive experiences at all of them, so far. I'd have to say Buddakan is now my favorite!
I go to Seattle maybe once or twice a year for work. My company is based in a Seattle suburb, so the opportunity comes up somewhat regularly. Seattle is famous for coffee, or maybe infamous for coffee. But despite the big brand name that was born out of that fair city, there are plenty of independent shops that serve some fine coffee. One thing that you see regularly is drive-thru coffee spots. We just do not have these around here. And no, Dunkin Donuts drive-thrus do not count. Mercurys was a drive-thru spot that I stopped at every morning before work. Service was friendly, quick, and the coffee was great. I did not, however, see any of those bikini drive-thru spots.
A wonderful coffee shop in Fremont is Milstead & Co. It's fairly roomy and stark, but that doesn't mean it's cold. It's still warm and inviting. And their coffee is amazing.
Their pastries too. It was a cold and drizzly day when we visited, and it felt like the most perfect place to be at that time.
We also stopped by Citizen for the most beautiful latte art I've ever received. Behold the swan!
This spot is in an adorable house type of building. They have a bunch of food too, including crepes! This simple buckwheat crepe was perfect.
Caffe Zingaro is another quiet spot we visited one morning before we left Seattle. This drink here is the shop's namesake, . sdfa
Caffe Ladro runs a number of shops in the Seattle area, and I stopped at a couple. They not only have good coffee, but I had an amazing hot chocolate. We we stopped at one downtown, the proprietor took a very long time to make it, and it was worth every bit of the wait. It was full of hot chocolate love. And for cold and dreary Seattle days, it was even better than a coffee.
One last stop worth mentioning on this random post is Caffe Fiore. They are an organic coffee house with several locations. I remember this particular shop in Fremont being very very busy. So you see, just like every other big city in the US, there are plenty of local independent coffee shop options, even in Seattle.


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The legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but can not do at all or can not do well for themselves in their separate or individual capacities.
— Abraham Lincoln
It is written that when Rabbi Hillel (a contemporary of Jesus of Nazareth) was asked to recite the essence of The Law of Moses while standing on one foot, he replied: "What is hateful to thyself do not do to another. That is the whole Law, the rest is Commentary."
After several decades of studying, publishing and teaching moral philosophy, I believe that I can identify the foundation of morality in a single breath: "Morality is a plus-sum game."
These precepts are not contrary, for they are of differing logical orders. Hillel's precept is a moral commandment – an ethical rule of conduct. On the other hand, "morality is a plus-sum game" is an account of the foundation of morality; what philosophers call "meta-ethics."
So just what is the meaning of "morality is a plus-sum game?" While it is easy enough to articulate this question, spelling out an answer might require volumes of elaboration, as indeed it has. But here, at least, are a few initial steps.**
The late American philosopher, John Rawls, explained this principle with admirable clarity when he wrote: "[A] society is a cooperative venture for mutual advantage… [S]ocial cooperation makes possible a better life for all than any would have if each were to live solely by his own efforts." ((A Theory of Justice, p. 4.))
This insight is by no means original with Rawls. It resounds throughout the history of philosophy and political theory. Moreover, it is proven time and again in the experience of successful civilizations and, conversely, in the decline and fall of other civilizations.
Accordingly, this proven insight clearly explains why a radically individualistic political dogma such as libertarianism is not only immoral, it is empirically unworkable. Any society based upon such a dogma is bound to fail to satisfy the legitimate needs of its citizens.
About Game Theory:
Game theory, which was developed by John von Neuman and Oskar Morgenstern in the forties, "attempts to mathematically capture behavior in strategic situations, in which an individual's success in making choices depends upon the choices of others." (John Nash, portrayed in the movie, A Beautiful Mind, won his Nobel Prize in economics for his work in game theory). While game theory can involve some highly advanced mathematical elaborations, the essentials can be readily understood by the ordinary citizen. ((For more about game theory and the "plus-sum" nature of a just society, see Chapter 5 ("Good for Each, Bad for All" ) and Chapter 6 ("The Moral Point of View") of my book in progress, Conscience of a Progressive. ))
In its most general sense, a "game" is a cooperative, rule-governed and goal-directed activity.
With the rare exception of solitaire, games involve multiple "players:" two individuals (e.g., tennis and chess), two teams (e.g. football), several individuals or teams (e.g. lotteries, tournaments), and entire societies (e.g., governments, morality). If there are two players or teams and the game is designed to result in one winner and one loser, it is called a "zero sum game." Tennis and chess are zero sum games. If there are multiple players and only one winner, the game is designated as "minus sum." Lotteries and tennis tournaments are minus sum games. Competitive games are either zero-sum or minus-sum. Such games are also "cooperative" in the sense that the players agree to obey the rules.
However, there are other "cooperative, rule-governed, goal oriented" activities in which the players cooperate to produce positive results, i.e. "wins," for all players. While such activities are generally not called games, they nonetheless fit the definition: "cooperative, rule-governed and goal oriented."
For example, from the point of view of the teams and the spectators, football is a zero sum game: one team wins and the other loses. But from the point of view of the participating players, it is a plus-sum game: each player interacts with the other team members in a well-coordinated activity which, when well-executed, results in a gain for all the team players that none can accomplish alone; namely, a win.
A freely consummated barter or purchase is a plus-sum game – cooperative, rule governed and goal oriented – in that each participant gains through the transaction. If I have more vehicles than I want and my house is in need of repair, and if my neighbor, a skilled carpenter, needs a car, then a trade of my car for his labor leaves us both better off. For a sale to take place, both the buyer and the seller must perceive a personal advantage in the transaction. Not surprisingly, game theory has attracted the intense interest of economists.
Science is a plus-sum game. It is cooperative: an accumulated accomplishment of millions of working scientists through the centuries. It is rule-governed: following strict rules of inference and evidence, and requirements of publicity, replicability and falsifiability. And it is oriented toward the goal of establishing verifiable truth.
A well-ordered society is also a plus-sum game, whereby capital, labor, education and government function cooperatively according to mutually acknowledged and enforceable rules (i.e., laws and regulations) in pursuit of common goals. These common goals are clearly articulated in the Preamble to the United States Constitution: justice, domestic tranquility, common defense, general welfare, and "the blessings of liberty."
Each institutional "player" in a successful "plus-sum game" of a just economic/political order needs the cooperative efforts of the other players if that society is to accomplish, in John Rawls's words, "a better life for all than any would have if each were to live solely by his own efforts."
In contrast, a libertarian (unregulated "free market") economy is minus-sum game in the extreme: few winners, a great many losers. As we are discovering in the United States today.
Many non-competitive sporting activities are also plus-sum games, including mountain climbing, sailing, and tandem (two person) canoeing, all of which require well coordinated "team play" to achieve a well-defined goal.
A personal example: I am a life-long aficionado of white-water boating (in kayaks and canoes). Well before I acquired much experience and skill in this sport, I persuaded my brother to run a swift Utah river with me in his new canoe. Each of us had independent ideas as to how to maneuver the thing. In short, two captains and no crew. Rock straight ahead? Bow wants to go right, and stern wants to go left. It was a near disaster. As any tandem canoeist will tell you, a successful river run (a plus sum) can only be accomplished with an ability to "read the water" and to execute coordinated paddle strokes according to unambiguous decisions by the designated "captain." Similarly with successful team climbs and sailing cruises.
The Virtues as Plus-Sum:
Time now to assess my contention that a moral order in society is a plus sum game. Consider the usual roster of moral virtues: honesty, trustworthiness, courage, compassion, charity, loyalty and, perhaps most fundamentally, empathy – the capacity to share another's joy and to feel another's pain. Is it not abundantly obvious that the more virtuous the members of a society, the greater the plus-sum "payoffs" of social life? Economic transactions would be conducted with full knowledge and confidence, with no "inefficient" losses due to default, deceptive advertising, or fraudulent contracts. Marriages would be secure and enduring. Government officials could be expected to serve their constituents, free of bribery and corruption. In a community of optimally trustworthy, compassionate, tolerant and generous individuals, there would be no need to invest community resources in police, criminal courts and prisons.
Such a consideration led James Madison to conclude that "if men were angels, no government would be necessary. ((The Federalist, 51.)) Regarding the codification and enforcement of criminal law, Madison was no doubt correct. Even so, his pronouncement is an overstatement, for even in a society of angels, some government would be necessary. For example, there would have to be traffic laws, no matter how virtuous the drivers, if traffic were to move safely and efficiently. Once the traffic lights fail, the freedom to move is obliterated in the resulting chaos. In general, if a game is to be played successfully – including the "game" of economic/political activity – the players must know the rules, even if there is total assurance that no one will cheat and thus there is no need whatever to enforce the rules with the threat of penalties.
There are, to be sure, some traditional "virtues" that contribute little to the mutual advantages of community life. David Hume called these "the monkish virtues," and they include celibacy, fasting, penance, mortification, self-denial, silence and solitude. Of these, Hume observed: "they serve to no manner of purpose; neither advance a man's fortune in the world, nor render him a more valuable member of society…" ((Enquiry Concerning Morals, IX:1.)) With Hume, I conclude that these traits scarcely qualify as "virtues" at all, but rather are the consequences of "superstition and false religion."
The Vices as Minus-Sum:
In contrast, moral vices subvert and stifle the mutual advantages of social life, which, I contend, is precisely why they are vices. Foremost among these are pride, cruelty, ruthlessness, hatred, prejudice, dishonesty, selfishness, greed. Add to these "an absence of empathy" which, as I have argued elsewhere, may be the most fundamental of the vices.
Each of these vices shred the fabric of an orderly society, as they make cooperation impossible or even counter-productive, as they undermine rules, and as they subvert the pursuit of common goals. In a society of liars, contracts can not be made. When prejudice and hatred prevail, all citizens can not be equal before the law. A representative republic can not endure if public officials can not be trusted. And an ideology that prizes selfishness and greed cannot be the foundation of a flourishing economic/political system.
The Inevitable Failure of Libertarianism as a Social Theory:
I most emphatically do not wish to suggest that libertarians are wicked people. Many libertarians that I know personally, and others that I know by reputation, are as tolerant, unbiased, generous and charitable as any liberal, and even more so than some liberals of my acquaintance. Some libertarians are so tolerant that they invite me and other liberals to publish in their journals and participate in their conferences.
However, as libertarians, they believe that the promotion of these virtues is no business of the government. Charity and tolerance, they insist, are, and must remain, private virtues. To the libertarian, a voluntary contribution to the poor or to a school, museum or park is morally commendable. But taxation in support of welfare, education, museums and parks is theft. As for cruelty, ruthlessness and dishonesty, these vices are regarded by the libertarians as self-defeating and, when exposed in practice, these vices fail in a free market and in the unregulated association of free individuals. Any vices that constrain the fundamental "negative" rights life, liberty and property, can legitimately be sanctioned and punished by the "minimalist" libertarian government.
Even so, despite any private virtues of individual libertarians, as a public political philosophy libertarianism is morally inadequate. In practice, it will produce minus-sum consequences.
Consider once again, our criteria of a plus-sum game: a cooperative, rule-governed, goal directed activity aimed toward accomplishing mutual advantage.
Libertarian doctrine drops the cooperation criterion of gamesmanship in favor of "YOYO" – "you're on your own." The libertarian dogma of "the invisible hand" decrees that a collection of self-serving individuals seeking only to maximize their own personal freedom and wealth, will somehow, by "spontaneous generation," evolve into an optimum social arrangement. No explicit rules and regulations are required apart from those laws designed to achieve the goal of the protection of the lives, liberties and property of each individual.
It is a neat and simple belief system which, unfortunately, neither history nor practical experience will validate. Instead, history has taught us that when a society officially embraces what Ayn Rand calls "the virtue of selfishness" and greed becomes the controlling force in community life, wealth and power do not "trickle down" to the masses, they "percolate up" to those in control, leaving those masses impoverished and disenfranchised. Government, having been "drowned in a bathtub," offers no relief to the oppressed. "The free market" and "competitive enterprise," extolled by the libertarians in theory, are set aside in practice. The prevailing capitalists regard competition as inefficient and inconvenient, and still worse, the constant competitive pressure to improve and innovate erodes profits. Hence mergers and acquisitions. Say goodbye to Mom and Pop stores and Downtown, USA. Say hello to Wall-Mart, Costco and Home Depot. Say goodbye to a free and diverse media. Say hello to the new "Ministry of Truth:" six media mega-corporations in control of 80% of the nation's media, spewing out the official doctrines of "the free market" and "government is the problem."
How, then, are diversity, free markets and competition to be preserved? How else than through the intervention of anti-trust laws, which means an activist government, which, of course, is anathema to the libertarian.
The eventual result? "Life, liberty and property" for the privileged few, with poverty and servitude for all the rest. A minus-sum game.
"You are on your own" does not work with tandem canoeing, nor with a social order. Without cooperative effort, without commonly acknowledged rules sanctioned and enforced by law, and without shared goals, a society cannot succeed.
Liberty and Autonomy in a Plus-Sum Society.
"What you are describing," replies the libertarian, "is the 'order' of bee hive or of an ant colony. Pure communism. Not a place where I would want to live. How can personal liberty and autonomy thrive in your 'cooperative venture for mutual advantage'?"
A wise answer was told to me by a Russian friend, a professor at Moscow University, during the "cowboy capitalism" days following the collapse of Soviet communism. "Under communism," she observed, "we had order without freedom. Then we had freedom without order, only to discover that without order, there is no freedom."
The libertarian and the liberal concur in their desire to maximize personal liberty. However, the libertarian advocates freedom without order – without, that is, an institutional structure that will ensure freedom for all. Absent such a structure, liberty, like wealth, will "percolate up" to those in charge, "with liberty for some," leaving the masses with nothing but their squalor and oppression.
The liberal, on the other hand, strives to establish and maintain the social, economic and political order without which there is no freedom. The liberal understands that the economic output and the civil liberties of a society are the products of the joint contributions of all members of society – of the plus-sum cooperative, rule governed and goal oriented efforts of all. Because no social order operates without some "friction," there are inevitably victims of social and economic misfortune: the unemployed, the bankrupt, the abandoned. Add to these, the victims of natural misfortunes – accidents, disease, birth defects, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados, etc.
Voluntary charity to these unfortunates, as advocated by the libertarians, is commendable. But it is insufficient. Good for the souls of the charitable, but not very helpful to those in need. There are just too many of them. Moreover, voluntary charity is a "tax on virtue," as are private donations to education, museums, libraries, concerts and parks. Most citizens correctly reflect, "I might contribute, but even if I do, my one contribution will not abolish poverty and ignorance, nor will it add significantly to civic excellence." To accomplish these common benefits, all must contribute through taxes. And with this understanding, most enlightened citizens will pay their taxes willingly, as they likewise support legislation designed to relieve suffering and to promote the common good.
"Taxes," wrote Judge Oliver Wendell Holmes, "are the price we pay for civilization" — the very civilization that is prerequisite to any and all personal wealth. Accordingly, it is not unjust to require the beneficiaries of civilization to share in the burden of its maintenance. However, there may be justifiable reasons to complain about the distribution of this burden.
"Necessitous men are not free men," FDR observed in 1936. The liberal realizes, as the libertarian does not, that if personal liberty is to be maximized in society, it is not enough merely to guarantee the life, liberty and property of each individual.
The social contract of a just community also requires that if the citizens are to enjoy "the blessings of liberty," the pre-conditions of liberty must be attended to: namely, public education, economic opportunity, equal opportunity, the protection of common resources, and the promotion of civic institutions.
As the English conservative, Edmund Burke observed "[Society is] a partnership in every virtue and in all perfection. As the ends of such a partnership cannot be obtained in many generations, it becomes a partnership not only between those who are living, but between those who are living, those who are dead and those who are to be born.

subset: commoncrawl


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Microsoft today announced that it would sell Windows 7 desktop real estate to advertisers and launched a pilot program that includes Coke, Infiniti and Porsche.
Using Windows 7 themes -- collections of backgrounds, borders and audio elements -- advertisers will be able to brand the desktop, Microsoft said.
Microsoft pitched the pilot as a way for international advertisers to connect to consumers. "The new Windows Theme Experience and Windows Personalization Gallery in Windows 7 allow consumers to customize their technology to reflect the things in life they are most passionate about," said Darren Huston, corporate vice president of the company's consumer and online group, in a statement Friday. "These are great examples of Microsoft innovation and technology coming together to enable top global brands to reach audiences in new and interesting ways."
The desktop space selling is a first for Microsoft, although in the past it has let companies customize the Internet Explorer (IE) browser.
Microsoft main rival in the operating system space, Apple, does not sell desktop space to advertisers.
Several companies are participating in the pilot program, which will run through October 2010, including luxury automobile makers like Ferrari, Infiniti and Porsche; soft drink sellers Coke and Pepsi; and Italian motorcycle maker Ducati. Microsoft's joined in with themes for some of its own brands, such as Bing, Xbox and Zune.
Twentieth Century Fox, another pilot participant, is promoting Avatar , the James Cameron-directed movie slated for a Dec. 16 release, in a desktop theme.
Advertisers will also be allowed to create desktop gadget and add-ons to drive Windows 7 users to their own Web sites.
One analyst downplayed the desktop-space selling. "This is interesting, but it will come down to execution," said Allan Krans, of Technology Business Research. "If the themes are innovative enough, neat enough, I can see some people using them. But I can't imagine it's going to have a huge impact in terms of revenue. I don't think a sizable portion of users will bother."
When asked whether the program would trigger a backlash, Krans replied, "I can't see a huge backlash, unless they really push this on, say, netbooks, to offset some of the lower pricing for Windows."
Most netbooks come with Windows 7 Starter, a stripped-down version available only to computer makers. Although Microsoft doesn't disclose its price list for OEM copies of Windows, analysts assume that the company is charging much less for Starter than for Home Premium as part of its campaign to scrub the eight-year-old Windows XP from the market.
"This points out one thing," Krans added. "They're seeking every way to add all incremental income," he said, referring to Microsoft's bottom line, which has been hammered for the last several quarters by the decline in PC sales worldwide and the increase in netbook sales, which lowers the company's profit margin as the percentage of higher-priced "premium" editions falls. During the quarter that ended Sept. 30, for example, Microsoft's revenue was down 14% , while revenue from sales of Windows to OEMs was off 6% compared to the same period the year before.
"Every little bit helps," Krans said.
The themes can be downloaded from the Personalization Gallery on Microsoft's Web site. The company made a point to stress that the themes were "opt-in," and thus would not appear automatically when a user launches Windows 7.


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Tucson (; Spanish: Tucson, O'odham: Cuk-Ṣon) is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and is home to the University of Arizona. It is the second largest city in Arizona, with a population of 542,629 in the 2020 United States Census, while the population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is 1,043,433. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA). Tucson is the second most-populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.–Mexico border.
Neighborhoods in Tucson, Arizona
Aldea Linda, Alvernon Heights, Armory Park, Avondale, Balboa Heights, Barrio Anita, Barrio Centro, Barrio Hollywood, Barrio Libre, Barrio Ochoa, Barrio San Antonio, Barrio Santa Rosa, Barrio Viejo, Blenman-Elm Historic District, Broadway/Northeast
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Global Warming: Who Loses—and Who Wins?
Climate change in the next century (and beyond) could be enormously disruptive, spreading disease and sparking wars. It could also be a windfall for some people, businesses, and nations. A guide to how we all might get along in a warming world
Interviews: "As the World Warms"
Gregg Easterbrook talks about his cover story, "Global Warming: Who Loses—and Who Wins?," and the unexpected by-products of climate change.
"A 401(k) for a Warming World"
Climate change could have a broad impact on industrial sectors, and thus help or hurt your stock investments and retirement funds. What types of equity might you want to favor or avoid?
Coastal cities inundated, farming regions parched, ocean currents disrupted, tropical diseases spreading, glaciers melting—an artificial greenhouse effect could generate countless tribulations.
If Earth's climate changes meaningfully—and the National Academy of Sciences, previously skeptical, said in 2005 that signs of climate change have become significant—there could be broad-based disruption of the global economy unparalleled by any event other than World War II.
Economic change means winners as well as losers. Huge sums will be made and lost if the global climate changes. Everyone wonders what warming might do to the environment—but what might it do to the global distribution of money and power?
Whether mainly natural or mainly artificial, climate change could bring different regions of the world tremendous benefits as well as drastic problems. The world had been mostly warming for thousands of years before the industrial era began, and that warming has been indisputably favorable to the spread of civilization. The trouble is that the world's economic geography is today organized according to a climate that has largely prevailed since the Middle Ages—runaway climate change would force big changes in the physical ordering of society. In the past, small climate changes have had substantial impact on agriculture, trade routes, and the types of products and commodities that sell. Larger climate shifts have catalyzed the rise and fall of whole societies. The Mayan Empire, for instance, did not disappear "mysteriously"; it likely fell into decline owing to decades of drought that ruined its agricultural base and deprived its cities of drinking water. On the other side of the coin, Europe's Medieval Warm Period, which lasted from around 1000 to 1400, was essential to the rise of Spain, France, and England: Those clement centuries allowed the expansion of farm production, population, cities, and universities, which in turn set the stage for the Industrial Revolution. Unless greenhouse-effect theory is completely wrong—and science increasingly supports the idea that it is right—21st-century climate change means that sweeping social and economic changes are in the works.
To date the greenhouse-effect debate has been largely carried out in abstractions—arguments about the distant past (what do those 100,000-year-old ice cores in Greenland really tell us about ancient temperatures, anyway?) coupled to computer-model conjecture regarding the 22nd century, with the occasional Hollywood disaster movie thrown in. Soon, both abstraction and postapocalyptic fantasy could be pushed aside by the economic and political realities of a warming world. If the global climate continues changing, many people and nations will find themselves in possession of land and resources of rising value, while others will suffer dire losses—and these winners and losers could start appearing faster than you might imagine. Add artificially triggered climate change to the volatility already initiated by globalization, and the next few decades may see previously unthinkable levels of economic upheaval, in which fortunes are won and lost based as much on the physical climate as on the business climate.
It may sound odd to ask of global warming, What's in it for me? But the question is neither crass nor tongue-in-cheek. The ways in which climate change could skew the world's distribution of wealth should help us appreciate just how profoundly an artificial greenhouse effect might shake our lives. Moreover, some of the lasting effects of climate change are likely to come not so much from the warming itself but from how we react to it: If the world warms appreciably, men and women will not sit by idly, eating bonbons and reading weather reports; there will be instead what economists call "adaptive response," most likely a great deal of it. Some aspects of this response may inflame tensions between those who are winning and those who are losing. How people, the global economy, and the international power structure adapt to climate change may influence how we live for generations. If the world warms, who will win? Who will lose? And what's in it for you?
Real estate might be expected to appreciate steadily in value during the 21st century, given that both the global population and global prosperity are rising. The supply of land is fixed, and if there's a fixed supply of something but a growing demand, appreciation should be automatic. That's unless climate change increases the supply of land by warming currently frosty areas while throwing the amount of desirable land into tremendous flux. My hometown of Buffalo, New York, for example, is today so déclassé that some of its stately Beaux-Arts homes, built during the Gilded Age and overlooking a park designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, sell for about the price of one-bedroom condos in Boston or San Francisco. If a warming world makes the area less cold and snowy, Buffalo might become one of the country's desirable addresses.
At the same time, Arizona and Nevada, blazing growth markets today, might become unbearably hot and see their real-estate markets crash. If the oceans rise, Florida's rapid growth could be, well, swamped by an increase in its perilously high groundwater table. Houston could decline, made insufferable by worsened summertime humidity, while the splendid, rustic Laurentide Mountains region north of Montreal, if warmed up a bit, might transmogrify into the new Poconos.
These are just a few of many possible examples. Climate change could upset the applecarts of real-estate values all over the world, with low-latitude properties tanking while high latitudes become the Sun Belt of the mid-21st century.
Local changes in housing demand are only small beer. To consider the big picture, examine a Mercator projection of our planet, and observe how the Earth's landmasses spread from the equator to the poles. Assume global warming is reasonably uniform. (Some computer models suggest that warming will vary widely by region; for the purposes of this article, suffice it to say that all predictions regarding an artificial greenhouse effect are extremely uncertain.) The equatorial and low-latitude areas of the world presumably will become hotter and less desirable as places of habitation, plus less valuable in economic terms; with a few exceptions, these areas are home to developing nations where living standards are already low.
So where is the high-latitude landmass that might grow more valuable in a warming world? By accident of geography, except for Antarctica nearly all such land is in the Northern Hemisphere, whose continents are broad west-to-east. Only a relatively small portion of South America, which narrows as one travels south, is high latitude, and none of Africa or Australia is. (Cape Town is roughly the same distance from the equator as Cape Hatteras; Melbourne is about the same distance from the equator as Manhattan.) More specifically, nearly all the added land-value benefits of a warming world might accrue to Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Russia, and Scandinavia.
This raises the possibility that an artificial greenhouse effect could harm nations that are already hard pressed and benefit nations that are already affluent. If Alaska turned temperate, it would drive conservationists to distraction, but it would also open for development an area more than twice the size of Texas. Rising world temperatures might throw Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, and other low-latitude nations into generations of misery, while causing Canada, Greenland, and Scandinavia to experience a rip-roarin' economic boom. Many Greenlanders are already cheering the retreat of glaciers, since this melting stands to make their vast island far more valuable. Last July, The Wall Street Journal reported that the growing season in the portion of Greenland open to cultivation is already two weeks longer than it was in the 1970s.
And Russia! For generations poets have bemoaned this realm as cursed by enormous, foreboding, harsh Siberia. What if the region in question were instead enormous, temperate, inviting Siberia? Climate change could place Russia in possession of the largest new region of pristine, exploitable land since the sailing ships of Europe first spied the shores of what would be called North America. The snows of Siberia cover soils that have never been depleted by controlled agriculture. What's more, beneath Siberia's snow may lie geologic formations that hold vast deposits of fossil fuels, as well as mineral resources. When considering ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to regulate greenhouse gases, the Moscow government dragged its feet, though the treaty was worded to offer the Russians extensive favors. Why might this have happened? Perhaps because Russia might be much better off in a warming world: Warming's benefits to Russia could exceed those to all other nations combined.
Of course, it could be argued that politicians seldom give much thought—one way or the other—to actions whose value will become clear only after they leave office, so perhaps Moscow does not have a grand strategy to warm the world for its own good. But a warmer world may be much to Russia's liking, whether it comes by strategy or accident. And how long until high-latitude nations realize global warming might be in their interests? In recent years, Canada has increased its greenhouse-gas output more rapidly than most other rich countries. Maybe this is a result of prosperity and oil-field development—or maybe those wily Canadians have a master plan for their huge expanse of currently uninhabitable land.
Global warming might do more for the North, however, than just opening up new land. Temperatures are rising on average, but when are they rising? Daytime? Nighttime? Winter? Summer? One fear about artificially triggered climate change has been that global warming would lead to scorching summer-afternoon highs, which would kill crops and brown out the electric power grid. Instead, so far a good share of the warming—especially in North America—has come in the form of nighttime and winter lows that are less low. Higher lows reduce the harshness of winter in northern climes and moderate the demand for energy. And fewer freezes allow extended growing seasons, boosting farm production. In North America, spring comes ever earlier—in recent years, trees have flowered in Washington, D.C., almost a week earlier on average than a generation ago. People may find this creepy, but earlier springs and milder winters can have economic value to agriculture—and lest we forget, all modern societies, including the United States, are grounded in agriculture.
If a primary impact of an artificially warmed world is to make land in Canada, Greenland, Russia, Scandinavia, and the United States more valuable, this could have three powerful effects on the 21st-century global situation.
First, historically privileged northern societies might not decline geopolitically, as many commentators have predicted. Indeed, the great age of northern power may lie ahead, if Earth's very climate is on the verge of conferring boons to that part of the world. Should it turn out that headlong fossil-fuel combustion by northern nations has set in motion climate change that strengthens the relative world position of those same nations, future essayists will have a field day. But the prospect is serious. By the middle of the 21st century, a new global balance of power may emerge in which Russia and America are once again the world's paired superpowers—only this time during a Warming War instead of a Cold War.
Second, if northern societies find that climate change makes them more wealthy, the quest for world equity could be dealt a huge setback. Despite the popular misconception, globalized economics have been a positive force for increased equity. As the Indian economist Surjit Bhalla has shown, the developing world produced 29 percent of the globe's income in 1950; by 2000 that share had risen to 42 percent, while the developing world's share of population rose at a slower rate. All other things being equal, we might expect continued economic globalization to distribute wealth more widely. But if climate change increases the value of northern land and resources, while leaving nations near the equator hotter and wracked by storms or droughts, all other things would not be equal.
That brings us to the third great concern: If climate change causes developing nations to falter, and social conditions within them deteriorate, many millions of jobless or hungry refugees may come to the borders of the favored North, demanding to be let in. If the very Earth itself turns against poor nations, punishing them with heat and storms, how could the United States morally deny the refugees succor?
Shifts in the relative values of places and resources have often led to war, and it is all too imaginable that climate change will cause nations to envy each other's territory. This envy is likely to run both north-south and up-down. North-south? Suppose climate change made Brazil less habitable, while bringing an agreeable mild clime to the vast and fertile Argentinean pampas to Brazil's south. São Paulo is already one of the world's largest cities. Would a desperate, overheated Brazil of the year 2037—its population exploding—hesitate to attack Argentina for cool, inviting land? Now consider the up-down prospect: the desire to leave low-lying areas for altitude. Here's an example: Since its independence, in 1947, Pakistan has kept a hand in the internal affairs of Afghanistan. Today Americans view this issue through the lens of the Taliban and al-Qaeda, but from Islamabad's perspective, the goal has always been to keep Afghanistan available as a place for retreat, should Pakistan lose a war with India. What if the climate warms, rendering much of Pakistan unbearable to its citizens? (Temperatures of 100-plus degrees are already common in the Punjab.) Afghanistan's high plateaus, dry and rocky as they are, might start looking pleasingly temperate as Pakistan warms, and the Afghans might see yet another army headed their way.
A warming climate could cause other landgrabs on a national scale. Today Greenland is a largely self-governing territory of Denmark that the world leaves in peace because no nation covets its shivering expanse. Should the Earth warm, Copenhagen might assert greater jurisdiction over Greenland, or stronger governments might scheme to seize this dwarf continent, which is roughly three times the size of Texas. Today Antarctica is under international administration, and this arrangement is generally accepted because the continent has no value beyond scientific research. If the world warmed for a long time—and it would likely take centuries for the Antarctic ice sheet to melt completely—international jockeying to seize or conquer Antarctica might become intense. Some geologists believe large oil deposits are under the Antarctic crust: In earlier epochs, the austral pole was densely vegetated and had conditions suitable for the formation of fossil fuels.
And though I've said to this point that Canada would stand to become more valuable in a warming world, actually, Canada and Nunavut would. For centuries, Europeans drove the indigenous peoples of what is now Canada farther and farther north. In 1993, Canada agreed to grant a degree of independence to the primarily Inuit population of Nunavut, and this large, cold region in the country's northeast has been mainly self-governing since 1999. The Inuit believe they are ensconced in the one place in this hemisphere that the descendants of Europe will never, ever want. This could turn out to be wrong.
For investors, finding attractive land to buy and hold for a warming world is fraught with difficulties, particularly when looking abroad. If considering plots on the pampas, for example, should one negotiate with the current Argentinian owners or the future Brazilian ones? Perhaps a safer route would be the contrarian one, focused on the likelihood of falling land values in places people may leave. If strict carbon-dioxide regulations are enacted, corporations will shop for "offsets," including projects that absorb carbon dioxide from the sky. Growing trees is a potential greenhouse-gas offset, and can be done comparatively cheaply in parts of the developing world, even on land that people may stop wanting. If you jump into the greenhouse-offset business, what you might plant is leucaena, a rapidly growing tree species suited to the tropics that metabolizes carbon dioxide faster than most trees. But you'll want to own the land in order to control the sale of the credits. Consider a possible sequence of events: First, climate change makes parts of the developing world even less habitable than they are today; then, refugees flee these areas; finally, land can be snapped up at Filene's Basement prices—and used to grow leucaena trees.
If Al Gore's movie, An Inconvenient Truth, is to be believed, you should start selling coastal real estate now. Gore's film maintains that an artificial greenhouse effect could raise sea levels 20 feet in the near future, flooding Manhattan, San Francisco, and dozens of other cities; Micronesia would simply disappear below the waves. Gore's is the doomsday number, but the scientific consensus is worrisome enough: In 2005, the National Academy of Sciences warned that oceans may rise between four inches and three feet by the year 2100. Four inches may not sound like a lot, but it would imperil parts of coastal Florida and the Carolinas, among other places. A three-foot sea-level rise would flood significant portions of Bangladesh, threaten the national survival of the Netherlands, and damage many coastal cities, while submerging pretty much all of the world's trendy beach destinations to boot. And the Asian Tigers? Shanghai and Hong Kong sit right on the water. Raise the deep a few feet, and these Tiger cities would be abandoned.
The global temperature increase of the last century—about one degree Fahrenheit—was modest and did not cause any dangerous sea-level rise. Sea-level worries turn on the possibility that there is some nonlinear aspect of the climate system, a "tipping point" that could cause the rate of global warming to accelerate markedly. One reason global warming has not happened as fast as expected appears to be that the oceans have absorbed much of the carbon dioxide emitted by human activity. Studies suggest, however, that the ability of the oceans to absorb carbon dioxide may be slowing; as the absorption rate declines, atmospheric buildup will happen faster, and climate change could speed up. At the first sign of an increase in the rate of global warming: Sell, sell, sell your coastal properties. Unload those London and Seattle waterfront holdings. Buy land and real property in Omaha or Ontario.
An artificial greenhouse effect may also alter ocean currents in unpredictable ways. Already there is some evidence that the arctic currents are changing, while the major North Atlantic current that moves warm water north from the equator may be losing energy. If the North Atlantic current falters, temperatures could fall in Europe even as the world overall warms. Most of Europe lies to the north of Maine yet is temperate because the North Atlantic current carries huge volumes of warm water to the seas off Scotland; that warm water is Europe's weathermaker. Geological studies show that the North Atlantic current has stopped in the past. If this current stops again because of artificial climate change, Europe might take on the climate of present-day Newfoundland. As a result, it might depopulate, while the economic value of everything within its icy expanse declines. The European Union makes approximately the same contribution to the global economy as the United States makes: Significantly falling temperatures in Europe could trigger a worldwide recession.
While staying ready to sell your holdings in Europe, look for purchase opportunities near the waters of the Arctic Circle. In 2005, a Russian research ship became the first surface vessel ever to reach the North Pole without the aid of an icebreaker. If arctic sea ice melts, shipping traffic will begin transiting the North Pole. Andrew Revkin's 2006 book, The North Pole Was Here, profiles Pat Broe, who in 1997 bought the isolated far-north port of Churchill, Manitoba, from the Canadian government for $7. Assuming arctic ice continues to melt, the world's cargo vessels may begin sailing due north to shave thousands of miles off their trips, and the port of Churchill may be bustling. If arctic polar ice disappears and container vessels course the North Pole seas, shipping costs may decline—to the benefit of consumers. Asian manufacturers, especially, should see their costs of shipping to the United States and the European Union fall. At the same time, heavily trafficked southern shipping routes linking East Asia to Europe and to America's East Coast could see less traffic, and port cities along that route—such as Singapore—might decline. Concurrently, good relations with Nunavut could become of interest to the world's corporations.
Oh, and there may be oil under the arctic waters. Who would own that oil? The United States, Russia, Canada, Norway, and Denmark already assert legally complex claims to parts of the North Pole seas—including portions that other nations consider open waters not subject to sovereign control. Today it seems absurd to imagine the governments of the world fighting over the North Pole seas, but in the past many causes of battle have seemed absurd before the artillery fire began. Canada is already conducting naval exercises in the arctic waters, and making no secret of this.
Then again, perhaps ownership of these waters will go in an entirely different direction. The 21st century is likely to see a movement to create private-property rights in the ocean (ocean property rights are the most promising solution to overfishing of the open seas). Private-property rights in the North Pole seas, should they come into existence, might generate a rush to rival the Sooners' settlement of Oklahoma in the late 1800s.
Whatever happens to our oceans, climate change might also cause economic turmoil by affecting freshwater supplies. Today nearly all primary commodities, including petroleum, appear in ample supply. Freshwater is an exception: China is depleting aquifers at an alarming rate in order to produce enough rice to feed itself, while freshwater is scarce in much of the Middle East and parts of Africa. Freshwater depletion is especially worrisome in Egypt, Libya, and several Persian Gulf states. Greenhouse-effect science is so uncertain that researchers have little idea whether a warming world would experience more or less precipitation. If it turns out that rain and snow decline as the world warms, dwindling supplies of drinking water and freshwater for agriculture may be the next resource emergency. For investors this would suggest a cautious view of the booms in China and Dubai, as both places may soon face freshwater-supply problems. (Cost-effective desalinization continues to elude engineers.) On the other hand, where water rights are available in these areas, grab them.
Much of the effect that global warming will have on our water is speculative, so water-related climate change will be a high-risk/high-reward matter for investors and societies alike. The biggest fear is that artificially triggered climate change will shift rainfall away from today's productive breadbasket areas and toward what are now deserts or, worse, toward the oceans. (From the human perspective, all ocean rain represents wasted freshwater.) The reason Malthusian catastrophes have not occurred as humanity has grown is that for most of the last half century, farm yields have increased faster than population. But the global agricultural system is perilously poised on the assumption that growing conditions will continue to be good in the breadbasket areas of the United States, India, China, and South America. If rainfall shifts away from those areas, there could be significant human suffering for many, many years, even if, say, Siberian agriculture eventually replaces lost production elsewhere. By reducing farm yield, rainfall changes could also cause skyrocketing prices for commodity crops, something the global economy has rarely observed in the last 30 years.
Recent studies show that in the last few decades, precipitation in North America is increasingly the result of a few downpours rather than lots of showers. Downpours cause flooding and property damage, while being of less use to agriculture than frequent soft rains. Because the relationship between artificially triggered climate change and rainfall is conjectural, investors presently have no way to avoid buying land in places that someday might be hit with frequent downpours. But this concern surely raises a red flag about investments in India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia, where monsoon rains are already a leading social problem.
Water-related investments might be attractive in another way: for hydropower. Zero-emission hydropower might become a premium energy form if greenhouse gases are strictly regulated. Quebec is the Saudi Arabia of roaring water. Already the hydropower complex around James Bay is one of the world's leading sources of water- generated electricity. For 30 years, environmentalists and some Cree activists opposed plans to construct a grand hydropower complex that essentially would dam all large rivers flowing into the James and Hudson bays. But it's not hard to imagine Canada completing the reengineering of northern Quebec for hydropower, if demand from New England and the Midwest becomes strong enough. Similarly, there is hydropower potential in the Chilean portions of Patagonia. This is a wild and beautiful region little touched by human activity—and an intriguing place to snap up land for hydropower reservoirs.
Last October, the treasury office of the United Kingdom estimated that unless we adapt, global warming could eventually subtract as much as 20 percent of the gross domestic product from the world economy. Needless to say, if that happens, not even the cleverest portfolio will help you. This estimate is worst-case, however, and has many economists skeptical. Optimists think dangerous global warming might be averted at surprisingly low cost (see "Some Convenient Truths," September 2006). Once regulations create a profit incentive for the invention of greenhouse-gas-reducing technology, an outpouring of innovation is likely. Some of those who formulate greenhouse- gas-control ideas will become rich; everyone will benefit from the environmental safeguards the ideas confer.
Enactment of some form of binding greenhouse-gas rules is now essential both to slow the rate of greenhouse-gas accumulation and to create an incentive for inventors, engineers, and businesspeople to devise the ideas that will push society beyond the fossil-fuel age. The New York Times recently groused that George W. Bush's fiscal 2007 budget includes only $4.2 billion for federal research that might cut greenhouse-gas emissions. This is the wrong concern: Progress would be faster if the federal government spent nothing at all on greenhouse-gas-reduction research—but enacted regulations that gave the private sector a significant profit motive to find solutions that work in actual use, as opposed to on paper in government studies. The market has caused the greenhouse-gas problem, and the market is the best hope of solving it. Offering market incentives for the development of greenhouse-gas controls—indeed, encouraging profit making in greenhouse-gas controls—is the most promising path to avoiding the harm that could befall the dispossessed of developing nations as the global climate changes.
Yet if global-warming theory is right, higher global temperatures are already inevitable. Even the most optimistic scenario for reform envisions decades of additional greenhouse-gas accumulation in the atmosphere, and that in turn means a warming world. The warming may be manageable, but it is probably unstoppable in the short term. This suggests that a major investment sector of the near future will be climate-change adaptation. Crops that grow in high temperatures, homes and buildings designed to stay cool during heat waves, vehicles that run on far less fuel, waterfront structures that can resist stronger storms—the list of needed adaptations will be long, and all involve producing, buying, and selling. Environmentalists don't like talk of adaptation, as it implies making our peace with a warmer world. That peace, though, must be made—and the sooner businesses, investors, and entrepreneurs get to work, the better.
Why, ultimately, should nations act to control greenhouse gases, rather than just letting climate turmoil happen and seeing who profits? One reason is that the cost of controls is likely to be much lower than the cost of rebuilding the world. Coastal cities could be abandoned and rebuilt inland, for instance, but improving energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse-gas emissions in order to stave off rising sea levels should be far more cost-effective. Reforms that prevent major economic and social disruption from climate change are likely to be less expensive, across the board, than reacting to the change. The history of antipollution programs shows that it is always cheaper to prevent emissions than to reverse any damage they cause.
For the United States, there's another argument that is particularly keen. The present ordering of the world favors the United States in nearly every respect—political, economic, even natural, considering America's excellent balance of land and resources. Maybe a warming world would favor the United States more; this is certainly possible. But when the global order already places America at No. 1, why would we want to run the risk of climate change that alters that order? Keeping the world economic system and the global balance of power the way they are seems very strongly in the U.S. national interest—and keeping things the way they are requires prevention of significant climate change. That, in the end, is what's in it for us.


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The Science, Culture, and History of Breast Cancer in America
In this "powerful and unflinching page-turner" (New York Times), a healthcare journalist examines the science, history, and culture of breast cancer.
As a health-care journalist, Kate Pickert knew the emotional highs and lows of medical treatment well — but always from a distance, through the stories of her subjects. That is, until she was unexpectedly diagnosed with an aggressive type of breast cancer at the age of 35. As she underwent more than a year of treatment, Pickert realized that the popular understanding of breast care in America bears little resemblance to the experiences of today's patients and the rapidly changing science designed to save their lives. After using her journalistic skills to navigate her own care, Pickert embarked on a quest to understand the cultural, scientific and historical forces shaping the lives of breast-cancer patients in the modern age.
Breast cancer is one of history's most prolific killers. Despite billions spent on research and treatments, it remains one of the deadliest diseases facing women today. From the forests of the Pacific Northwest to an operating suite in Los Angeles to the epicenter of pink-ribbon advocacy in Dallas, Pickert reports on the turning points and people responsible for the progress that has been made against breast cancer and documents the challenges of defeating a disease that strikes one in eight American women and has helped shape the country's medical culture.
Drawing on interviews with doctors, economists, researchers, advocates and patients, as well as on journal entries and recordings collected over the author's treatment, Radical puts the story of breast cancer into context, and shows how modern treatments represent a long overdue shift in the way doctors approach cancer — and disease — itself.
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What's Inside
"On the surgeons, cancer researchers, and activists working on the front lines of this complicated and often politically fraught disease, Pickert writes bravely, with equal parts heart and heft, and pitch-perfect detail."—Beth Macy, author of Dopesick
"Bridges the gap between fright and calm, between terror and treatment, between horror and hope...A vital addition to the new canon of cancer books"—Sarah Weinman, Medium
"Kate Pickert does a great job of using her own story to bring the people and history of breast cancer treatment and advocacy to a modern audience."—Susan M. Love, MD, author of Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book
"An exhaustive, unflinching, deeply personal report."—Kim Hubbard, People
"A compassionate, lucid, and well-researched account of historic and ongoing attempts to combat breast cancer."—Publishers Weekly
"A thoroughly researched and compassionate account of a disease that strikes one in eight American women"—Megan O'Neill Melle, Parade
"A must-read if you or anyone you know has breast cancer, but also for anyone interested in the less-discussed factors that influence our perception and care for cancer today."—Liz Moody, mindbodygreen
"Want to learn more about breast cancer? Read this book...Pickert has produced an evenhanded, powerful and unflinching page-turner."—New York Times
"Balanced, cogent and eye-opening."—Barbara Kiser, Nature
"Riveting... A remarkable, up-to-the-minute resource."
—Washington Post
—Washington Post


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From yesterday's scumbag who fakes being a veteran to get free stuff:
This guy is such a loser. I love how he thinks he's so untouchable.
Something tells me the FBI facial recognition software he believes everyone is listed in probably keeps saying he is Jabba The Hut.
My prediction is that this guy will disappear from youtube pretty soon. There has to be a lot of people out there that have seen this guy in real life. Judging by his videos, any interaction with him at all would be hard to forget. If he wasn't such a disgusting human being, I'd like to see him cast as a Bond villain. His creep-factor is off the charts.
I'm assuming anyone at law enforcement agency could find this guy in 2 seconds with a simple information request from youtube if what he is/was doing is actually illegal.


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Why is this so important? Because the current system of disclosure has proven woefully inadequate in providing consumers with information about financial conflicts that can skew medical research and adversely affect patient care. According to a 2008 Inspector General's report, the vast majority (93 percent) of institutions reporting conflicts of interest to the NIH did not describe the nature of their researchers' conflicts; in addition, 90 percent of the universities relied solely on the researchers' discretion in reporting conflicts, which is why there was so much failure to disclose in the first place.
Here's an interesting case in point. Dr. Helen Mayberg, a neurologist at Emory University School of Medicine, has testified in more than 50 death penalty cases, always for the prosecution in an attempt to discredit any mitigating evidence of brain damage in defendants on death row. Indeed, in a 2009 transcript (State of Connecticut vs Richard Roszkowski), Mayberg acknowledged that she has probably testified exclusively for the prosecution in more recent death penalty cases than any other doctor in the country, except perhaps Park Dietz, known by some as Dr. Death for his decades of testifying on behalf of the prosecution in high-profile cases.
While Emory officials say Mayberg has reported her expert witness work to them, they are under no obligation to disclose the full range of her extra-curricular activities to the public under existing federal rules. As a result, very few of Mayberg's colleagues or patients know of her extensive testimony in death penalty cases. And Mayberg goes to some lengths to keep her lucrative sideline out of the public eye.
For example, she had a friend
Also missing from Wikipedia is the fact that she has so angered other neurologists with her death penalty testimony that they tried to get her drummed out of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. As one prominent neurologist says, it's not just that Mayberg always testifies for the prosecution in death penalty cases -- in effect, "trying to kill people" -- but that she goes to considerable lengths to rebut defense experts, often introducing inaccurate information and contradicting herself in the process.
"She uses a lot of maneuvers to say that [defense] findings in brain scans are not valid, yet at the same time, she's written articles saying the brain scans are valid," says the neurologist in the Washington, D.C. area who has written extensively about brain damage. "In fact, she uses the same brain scans that she says are invalid in the courtroom to diagnose depression in people whom she then treats with deep brain stimulation."
According to Krimsky, Mayberg's death penalty work is considered a significant financial conflict of interest under both the old and new NIH rules. And if the new rules are adopted, she would not only be forced to disclose the extent of her death penalty work but also the money she makes from it. According to lawyers who do for this kind of work, Mayberg makes as much as $500 an hour testifying for the prosecution in death penalty cases. And since she travels all over the country to testify, including to notorious death penalty states like Texas and Alabama, those hefty hourly fees add up.
In response to my query about how many death penalty cases Mayberg has disclosed since she came to Emory in 2004 and how much money she's made from this sideline, all Emory officials would tell me is that "she reported five instances of expert witness activity in 2009." You do the math.
*Correction: David Dobbs did not scrub Mayberg's wikipedia page; he merely added a link to a feature he had written about her for the New York Times magazine.


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January is over and although I tried my level best to remain true to the rules of the blogathon , I failed a few times to post a post each day of the month, So sorry for that to the fellow participants and Congrats to all who managed to do it all..
I wanted to finish this little run with something that I believe in and want everyone who comes here to know. I am going to introduce you all to a person who all his life worked for the goodness of human beings, his selfless devotion to mankind. His name is Bhagat Puran singh. Not many KNEW about him because he did not have a AUDI with a Red light atop, He did not wear Silk or Saffron clothes, like every other TOM DICK AND HARRY claiming to be the righteous one.
SADLY we the people have always been lured to the magic of MONEY the magic of SHOW OFF, or SHOW BLITZ.. hundreds million of us go to the Temples – Gurudwara's to worship, Ask god for this or that all the time , we all seem to get this false happiness in our heart that OH today we visited a holy place so god will be happy with us, We do various things to please the almighty YET we all including me seem to forget the basic teaching given to us by our God's which says be a good human being, help others do what you can with your heart. NONE of us do that , we go about following the so-called BABA's , the modern-day BABA's who have tarnished the reputation of religion to a very low low level.
I have a good friend who is so happy that he boasts that every sunday he goes to the Gurudwara for two hours for SEWA, He stand and helps in washing of utensils, distribution of Langar, Clean the floors BUT I AM SORRY this is not SEWA, not at all, How can it be. Sewa is towards the needy, helping of fellow humans, MAJORITY of the people who visit the religious places are well off and can take care of themselves, So serving them food is not SEWA, or washing their utensils is Not SEWA, he has never done that in his own home.
Anyway Coming back to this man who was in Reality a man of god , and worked all his life in selfless devotion of other humans. HOW many know about him and compared to that how many know about the Rampal's the nirmal's. This is the hard truth people who actually work for the good of Man kind are seldom known. What have the so-called BABA's EVER done which is good of mankind, NAME or Give me one such incident where ACTUALLY these so-called BABA's have done anything for good other than become RICH.
Same goes for other charities, I think the best paid JOB or BUSINESS is to open up a charity, all the money we give to these charities hardly reaches to the people for whom the charities are set up, the so-called directors of charities are always RICH and MILLIONAIRES.
Our Religious Leaders are always so rich, How come they have so much money, Why are their so many fights over the ownership of a Religious place's office, because of the Money involved, Today if everyone vows to stop putting money in the money-box of a temple or a Gurudwara all these committee members, the Pardhan's, The Leaders will VANISH. God does not need money so WHY Are we putting all this money in the money boxes, When has God said give me money , I need money.
It is our fault that we have made it like this, we are so happy to go and put some money in a money-box in a temple, but we would not go out of our way to help a needy person, or even to feed a hungry person. Hence the business of religion has started were we feel that because we have given some money or a lot of money to a religious place , we have done a good deed, God will be happy with us..
People who actually work hard for the good of mankind that too selflessly are rarely rich or have the money to throw around.
Bhagat Puran Singh was born on June 4, 1904 in Punjab. he has dedicate his life to the 'selfless service of humanity'. He founded Pingalwara in 1947 with only a few patients, the neglected and rejected of the streets of Amritsar., The govt of india takes so much appreciation for the so-called Green revolution but this man was actually An early advocate of the movement, He was spreading awareness about environmental pollution, and increasing soil erosion long before such ideas became popular in our country,.
He founded a HOME called Pingalwara, a home which long after his death, is still tending to the castaways of society: the sick, disabled and abandoned forlorn people.
It is sad that our governments and leaders go on and on how the needy need to be helped, how they spend so much money for the good of needy, YET none of the so-called CHARITABLE organisations have gone out of their way to help Pingalwara, We the people even will go and donate hundreds , thousands to a Temple or a Gurudwara, A Sadhu comes at our door we will give money to them BUT We hardly take out time to give money to such an institute which is doing so good.
There are hardly any Religious places which do what Pingalwara does, some do but then I find their office bearers take majority of the money for themselves.
Anyway I am not going to go on and on About this man, I am sure everyone has internet so go and do some surfing and Find out about this Great man who sadly passed away in 1992, I think this man's work does the speaking I or anyone does not need to write essays about him. He shines above all and we need people like him to make our world a better place. So go and Read about this Selfless man, Know about a Kind Human being who teaches us what being a human is .
Also a Movie is made , I saw the trailer a couple of days back, I know some people here who have been so actively involved in the advertising of this movie, I would have been their at the launch of this movie but the last 3-4 weeks have been very catastrophic for me , so I could not go nevertheless do go and see this movie, know about a GOOD MAN.
Visiting pingalwara this year when I come to india is on the list , A lot of good people here are trying to raise some donations for me to carry.. It is an eye-opener to see Life as is in this home, The stories you hear , the smiling faces you see tell the whole story, I could not visit last year due to less time which again I feel is an excuse on my part , I should have made time but god willing this time for sure..
In the Title I had put the line othe amla de hone ne nabade kissie ne teri Zaat puchni.. DOnt know what all we are running after in life, No one is going to bother what Race,Creed , color we are once we are dead.. it's all the SAME..
Padi namaaz te Niyaaj na sukhiya,
Teriyan kis kaam padiyan namaazan
Ilam padiya te amal na kita,
bulle shah pata odon lag si, jado chidi fasi hath baajan
Read the holy scriptures,
but you got no knowledge from it ..
Whats the use of Reading all that
All knowledge that you got ,
Bulle Shah – Come to know the Truth when a Hawk has the Sparrow
othe amla de hone ne nabade kissie ne teri Zaat puchni
othe amla de hone ne nabade kissie ne teri jaat puchni
jhoothe maan tere jhoothe sab chehre
oithe amla de hone ne nabade kissie ne teri zaat puchni-
Up there is where all will end, NO one will ask what RACE-CREED you are
Its all a Lie this prestige-pride you talk off


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Kevin Hart, Regina Hall spice up 'About Last Night,' reviews say
The new rom-com remake "About Last Night" finds Michael Ealy and Joy Bryant following in the footsteps of Rob Lowe and Demi Moore, who in the 1986 adaptation of David Mamet's play "Sexual Perversity in Chicago" played a fetching young couple grappling with love and commitment in the big city.
Meanwhile, their two best friends — Jim Belushi and Elizabeth Perkins then, Kevin Hart and Regina Hall now — alternately hook up and bicker.
But while Lowe and Moore's lovebirds were the draw in the first outing, this time it's the comic relief of Hart and Hall leaving an impression on movie critics, many of whom say the film is pretty satisfying, if rather familiar.
CRITICS' PICKS: What to watch, where to go, what to eat
In a lukewarm review for the Los Angeles Times, Gary Goldstein says the remake "has little new to offer about romantic entanglements that audiences haven't seen countless times in movies and, especially, on TV sitcoms since 1986, not to mention before that." That said, "The cast does what it can with — and clearly self-improves upon — the essentially thin, at times choppy material. Raunchy motormouth Hart and the irrepressible Hall … provide some big laughs, particularly during outrageous bedroom bits."
The New York Times' A.O. Scott offers a more positive review, writing, "all in all, the thing holds up pretty well." As directed by Steve Pink ("Hot Tub Time Machine"), it's "a sweet, silly, semi-raunchy Valentine's Day confection."
Of Hart and Hall, Scott writes, "it is largely thanks to them that 'About Last Night,' which might have been a pleasant and forgettable date movie, is very often a raucous good time .… Many of the funniest parts seem to arise spontaneously from Mr. Hart's uncensored brain and fast-moving mouth. He can swerve from tears to mock outrage to anatomically detailed obscenities faster than just about any other comic performer working today, and in Ms. Hall he has found an excellent match."
Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune agrees that "the Hart/Hall games of shameless oneupmanship provide 'About Last Night' with the energy it sometimes lacks over on narrative track No. 2." The Ealy and Bryant scenes are "often pretty observant" but "never as much fun to play as the wisecracking, can't-believe-she-just-said-that stuff." In any case, Phillips wrote, "Ealy and Bryant are smooth operators, easy to like. However uneven, the movie at least knows the cardinal rule: In a rom-com, there's no rom without the com. Hart and Hall give it their all."
PHOTOS: Box office top 10 of 2013
Jessica Herndon of the Associated Press says the new film "offers a modern spin on the challenges of connecting with strange bedfellows; a reboot that is as satisfying as breakfast in bed the morning after an unexpected rendezvous." She too says that "Hart and Hall are the best part of this film. They play the couple you know all too well: fiery, able to press one another's buttons and always caught in the makeup to breakup game."
USA Today's Claudia Puig calls the movie "frisky fun made all the more entertaining because of the potent chemistry between its quartet of lead actors." She adds that "Hart's 80-mph comic pacing is tough to match, but Hall is equally racy. Their scorched-earth takedowns are fast and furious, sometimes seemingly improvised. The actors appear to enjoy each other's comic energy."
Even the negative reviews tend to have a few good things to say about Hart and Hall. The San Francisco Chronicle's Mick LaSalle, for example, dings the remake for "vagueness" and having "no dramatic stakes." But LaSalle also adds, "Kevin Hart is an excellent comic actor, very funny but always thinking and feeling, staying open and playing off the other actors. He is well paired with Hall, who matches him for comedy."
'RoboCop' a lumbering remake, reviews say
'Think Like a Man Too' trailer: Kevin Hart, friends hit Vegas
Bird brain? Patton Oswalt undertakes Spirit Awards avian stunt
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HowTo -- Adding additional Tools (aka Views)
Adding additional Tools (aka Views)
This document describes how to build a new Tool (For Eclipse users, a Tool in MPS is like a View in Eclipse) for MPS. This can serve as an example to build arbitrary additional tools into MPS. This text emphasizes to aspects of Tool development: how to add a new tool to a language and the menu system, and how to synchronize the view with whatever is currently edited.
In all other ways tools are just Swing UI programs. So for implementing sophisticated views, one needs Java Swing experience.
In this tutorial we will not focus too much on the intricacies of building a tree view with Swing — an endeavour that is surprisingly non-trivial!
The Outline Tool itself
The MPS plugin language supports the definition of new Tools.
Create a new instance of
Tool and set the name. You can also give it a different caption and an icon. A default location (bottom, left, right, top) can also be defined.
We now add three fields to the Tool. The first one is used to remember the project, the second one connects the tool to MPS's message bus, and the third one remember the
ToolSynchronizer. The ToolSynchronizer updates the outline view in case the active editor changes.
The message bus is IDEA platform's infrastructure for event distribution. We use it for getting notified of selection changes in the currently active editor. More on these two later.
We are then ready to implement the three main methods of a Tool:
dispose and getComponent.
Here is the code (with comments, please read them!):
An Action to Open the Tool
Actions are commands that live in the MPS UI. We have to add an action to open the outline view.
Actions live in the plugins aspect of a language. Actions can define keyboard shortcuts, captions and icons, as expected. They also declare action parameters. These define which context needs to be available to be able to execute the action. This determines the presence of the action in the menu, and supports delivering that context into the action itself. In our case the context includes the currently opened project as well as the currently opened file editor.
In the
execute method of the action we create and open the Outline tool.
setOutline method is an ordinary method that lives it the Outline Tool itself. It simply stores the editor that's passed in.
An Action Group
Menu items are added via groups. To be able to add the Open Outline Action to the menu system, we have to define a new group. The group defines its contents (the action, plus a two separators) and it determines where in the menu it should go. Groups live in the plugin aspect as well.
Managing the Tool Lifecycle
The tool must play nicely with the rest of MPS. It has to listen for a number of events and react properly. There are two listeners dedicated to this task. The
EditorActivationListener tracks which of the potentially many open editors is currently active, since the outline view has to show the outline for whatever editor is currently used by the user. It is also responsible to hooking up further listeners that deal with the selection status and model changes (see below). The
ModelLifecycleListener tracks lifecycle events for the model that is edited by the currently active editor. The model may be replaced while it is edited, for example, by a revert changes VCS operation.
Editor Activation and Focus
EditorActivationListener tracks which of the potentially many open editors is currently active. It is instantiated and hooked up to the MPS message bus by the tool as it is created by the following code (already shown above):
In its constructor, it remember the outline tree. Then it sets up a new outline tree selection listener that listens to selection changes made by the user in the tree itself.
It then sets up a listener to keep track of the model lifecycle (load, unload, replace) and it hooks up with the events collector (both explained below).
EditorActivationListener implements FileEditorManagerListener, so it has to implement the following three methods:
In our case we are interested in the
selectionChanged event, since we'll have to clean up and hook up all kinds of other listeners. Here is the implementation.
cleanupOldEditor method removes existing listeners from the old, now inactive editor:
The next method hooks up the infrastructure to the newly selected editor and its underlying model. Notice how we use
SNodePointer whenever we keep references to nodes. This acts as a proxy and deals with resolving the node in case of a model is replaced and contains a "weak reference" to the actual node, so it can be garbage collected if the model is unloaded. This is important to avoid memory leaks!
Tracking the Model Lifecycle
ModelLifecycleListener extends the SModelAdapter class provided by MPS. We are interested in the model replacement and hence overload the
modelReplaced method. It is called whenever the currently held model is replaced by a new one, e.g. during a VCS rever operation.
In the implementation, we create a new new tree model for the same root. While this code looks a bit nonsensical, note that we use an
SNodePointer internally which automatically re-resolves the proxied node in the new model.
We also add ourselves as a listener to the new model's descriptor to be notified of subseqent model replacement events.
Synchronizing Node Selections
Tracking Editor Selection
This one updates the selection (and expansion status) of the tree as the selected node in the currently active editor changes. We have already made sure (above) that the outline view's tree is synchronized with the currently active editor.
The class extends MPS'
SingularSelectionListenerAdapter because we are only interested in single node selections.
We overwrite the
selectionChangedTo method in the following way:
Tracking Changes in the Model Structure
The tree structure in the outline view has to be updated if nodes are added, changed (renamed), moved or deleted in the editor. Tree change events can be quite granular, and to avoid overhead, MPS collects them into batches related to more coarse-grained commands. By using MPS'
EventsCollector base class, we can get notified when a significant batch of events has happened, and then inspect the event list for those that we are interested in using a visitor.
ModelChangeListener performs this task. To do so, we have to implement the
eventsHappened method. We get a list of events, and use a an inner class that extends
SModelEventVisitorAdapter to visit the events and react to those that we are interested in.
ModelChangeVisitor inner class, which acts as the visitor to notify the tree, overrides
visitPropertyEvent to find out about nodes whose properties have changed in the current batch. It then notifies all the listeners of the tree model.
It also overwrites
visitChildEvent to get notified of child additions/deletions of nodes. Except that the API in
JTree is a bit annoying, the following commented code should be clear about what it does:
The way back: Tracking Tree Selection
Tracking a
JTree's selection happens by implementing Swing's
TreeSelectionListener and overwriting it's valueChanged method the following way:
Swing's Artifacts: Tree Model and Renderer
In this section I want to describe a couple of interesting MPS-specific aspects of the implementation of the Swing artifacts.
Tree Cell Renderer
The tree cell renderer is responsible for rendering the cells in the tree. It uses the
getPresentation method on the nodes, and the IconManager to get (a cached version of) the icon for the respective node.
Tree Model
The tree model is interesting since we include only those children in the tree node whose concept has been annotated with the
ShowConceptInOutlineAttribute attribute. It is stored in the
storeInOutline role.
In the tree model, we have to filter the children of a node for the presence of this attribute. Here is the respective helper method:


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More papers filed in voluminous Blagojevich appeal
CHICAGO -- Rod Blagojevich's lawyers laid out a final set of arguments in writing before they step before appellate judges next week to argue that the imprisoned ex-governor deserves a new trial.
The 33-page filing with the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals repeats arguments made before, including that trial Judge James Zagel displayed bias against Blagojevich. The brief was posted late Monday.
The defense and prosecution will get 30 minutes each to deliver oral arguments before a three-judge panel Dec. 13.
Underpinning those arguments will be voluminous written arguments. Lawyers for the 56-year-old Democrat filed a 100-page appeal in July. Last month, prosecutors offered a 169-page response. Monday filing's was a defense reply to that government response.
Jurors convicted Blagojevich of wide-ranging corruption in 2011. He's serving his 14-year prison term.


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Courtesy of the ISNS mailing list:
Otherwise than the Binary: Towards Feminist Reading of Ancient Greek Philosophy, Magic and Mystery Traditions
A now common critique of the Western philosophical tradition is that it harbors an inherent sexism wherein "universal reason" is far from neutral but is, rather, positively viewed as masculine, setting itself over against the feminine domain of unreason, madness and mystery. Theorists like Genevieve Lloyd have argued that Greek modes of thought, particularly Pythagorean and Platonic, insofar as they appear to privilege identity over difference, the Limit over the Unlimited, the One over the Many, logos over pathos, the intelligible over the bodily, etc., all harbor and reinforce a gendered hierarchy. To be sure, the overall goal of this volume will be to examine whether or not the Greek worldview neatly falls within this "phallologocentric" tradition. Are there ways of thinking antiquity differently, namely, as a expounding and celebrating philosophies of difference and possibly complementary to feminism's concern with the overcoming of traditional and patriarchal metaphysics?
Despite the tradition of representing Greeks as a world of sober rationality, scholars like Dodds, Rohde, Onians, Vernant, and Detienne challenged this model by emphasizing the 'irrational' aspects of Ancient Greek thought and practice. For example, Parmenides, a philosopher who is lauded as the 'father of logic' expresses his philosophy in an esoteric poem that describes his experience in meeting a goddess. Socrates, in the Phaedrus, praises love as a kind of divine madness. In recent years, issues of gender in the Ancient Greek world are of crucial significance to our understanding of the culture of the time, providing necessary context for our reception of core philosophical texts. The work
of feminist pioneers in classics, such as Nicole Loraux and Froma Zeitlin, has sparked a continuing discussion of how gender constructions in the Ancient Greek world shaped the philosophical ideas that continue to persist in our contemporary philosophical discussions.
We invite analyses on topics that engage with Greek philosophy, magic, mystery traditions in relationship to questioning the classical representations of gender, where it often falls on a neat binary in which the masculine is privileged. The final volume will be designed to reflect as many different topics as possible, including but not limited to: Pythagorean tradition, sacred geometry, Platonism, Neoplatonists such as Plotinus and Iamblichus, mystery traditions and rituals such as the Thesmophoria and other Ancient Greek festivals, Theurgy, The Eleusinian Mysteries, Dionysian practices, divination, curse tablets, sorcery, Orphic traditions, Presocratics such as Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Empedocles, Hekate, and the magical papyri.
Please send a 300-500 word abstract to email@example.com by February 1, 2017.
Include your name, affiliation, and a brief biography in the accompanying email. If your abstract is accepted, finished articles will be due by Nov. 15, 2017.
Please direct any inquiries about the project to the editors at their institutional addresses, provided below.
Dr. Danielle A. Layne, Philosophy Department, Gonzaga University, email@example.com
Dr. Jessica Elbert Decker, Philosophy Department, CSU San Marcos, firstname.lastname@example.com