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Mid-IR Resources
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Between them, Gemini's mid-infrared instruments --- Michelle, T-ReCS and visiting spectrograph TEXES --- are capable of imaging, spectroscopy and imaging polarimetry in the atmospheric windows at approximately 7-14 and 17-25 microns. Diffraction-limited images are routinely delivered over most of this wavelength range, and spectral resolutions up to ~100,000 are available. These pages aim to summarize these capabilities and provide general information on mid-IR observing, calibration and data reduction at Gemini. Detailed, instrument-specific information (on filters, gratings and sensitivities, for example) is available on each instrument's own pages.


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So Spinks is now level 50, and I think I've completed all of the flashpoints apart from Directive 7 (which is cool but looooong – I dropped out before we got to the end, but the guys were able to finish it) and Kaon Under Siege, which is the newest one. I've found them fun in general (although there's massive hate on for Colicoid War Games, which is just an odd instance – think vehicle fights), especially the more story based flashpoints like Boarding Party/ Foundry and Battle for Ilum/False Emperor.
These pictures show:
- On the left, the downside to killing mobs by flinging them off high places. I'm standing on a beam, looking down at dead mobs who are way out of my reach …. and who have loot on them. Oops. However, force push is the best power evah! Flinging people off things is great.
- This is the equivalent screenshot to the one everyone took in Wrath of their character sitting on the frozen throne. Since Spinks is modelling a shiny black and silver set of badass armour here, she doesn't show up too well on the leather-upholstered throne. Also it's perhaps not the most ladylike pose, but who cares?
The levelling game in SWTOR has been one of the best CRPG experiences I've had in any game since Planescape. This game is no Planescape, but I don't think the Bioware storytelling model has ever worked better. You have the multiple origins of DAO, the 'you are a god/dess in mortal form' of ME, and combat is genuinely more fun than either (for me at least). However flawed, the dialogue wheel has added some fun to the game, and so have the companion stories. I've enjoyed the various jumps in difficulty, but mostly I've loved feeling like a badass sith warrior and pretty much just abusing power in all of its forms.
It's been a blast.
Endgame was always bound to mess up the nice smooth lines of story flow. There's no interesting story way to really explain running dailies, PvP in the same battlegrounds, or regular flashpoints … or even why there are hardmodes in the world at all. The Ilum instances in particular include massive spoilers for the Ilum storyline, but you're allowed to go run them as soon as you hit the appropriate level. They're not gated by whether you have got to that part of the story.
Bioware pretty much have to do this, because plenty of players will not want to keep questing when they get to 50 just to get access to an instance. However, it does mean that you could innocently agree to an instance run with your guild and get massively spoiled on story.
Companion romances also have the potential to mess up the story flow. Unlike in DA2, where the progress of the romances was tied deeply into the plot, in SWTOR the romances proceed based purely on your level and the companion's level of affection.
So, for example, you could be in a situation where the levelling storyline runs that your companion attempts to betray you, where the romance storyline for that companion is that you've just married them. And there's not really much dialogue to explain either how that's affecting the relationship or why it didn't. (This has been a massive source of complaints on the Sith Warrior forums – I'm a RPer so I'm used to tying myself in knots to explain why my character has done fairly inexplicable things, but this one was a doozy.)
Actually, while the romances have been fun, it does my head in to imagine my character being happily married at all, and the thought of her having kids … (I'm not kid-averse, but she's a badass sith warrior with poor impulse control, this is not perhaps the stuff of good mothering. Besides which, surely she'd rather be trashing the universe?) The marriage thing feels a bit tacked on, like a Lucasarts nod to conventional morality. ie. you can be as evil as you like, but if you have a permanent relationship, it should end in marriage/ commitment.
The DA2 relationships worked better, for me. But hey, it was still a bit of fun. Especially since the Sith Warrior romance with Quinn plays out more like an extended comedy sequence than a romance anyway. I did laugh at the conversation where he noted, "Now that we've agreed to get married, you could call me Malavai?" Just because it raised the spectre of 'what on earth was she calling him in private if not his first name?' Too much information on my character's private life there, perhaps 🙂


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Well, January is over… How are your New Years Resolutions coming? Good? Bad? Started strong but then gave up? It is so hard to make new habits, and every year we get stuck in the spiral of making new goals and never sticking to them. I am proud to say my resolutions are going pretty good. But I specifically didn't put the typical "workout more" on my list this year.
Why you ask… Well, it's simple, working out after having a baby is HARD! Not just finding the time and motivation, but also because your muscles are basically non-existent. I mean if you really worked out during your pregnancy this might not affect you, but for the rest of us who weren't hitting the gym during our pregnancy, you know what I am talking about.
I had a very healthy pregnancy, and we did tons of hikes and walks all the way up to my due date. So it's not like I was just a bump on a log, but working out now makes me feel like I've never had any muscles at all.
It has taken me about 7 months to get back into working out. I had the desire earlier on, but I was so sleep deprived and honestly I had no idea how to fit a workout into my day. I've shared before that M wasn't the best sleeper. He used to be the worlds best cat napper and his naps were always so sporadic. How do you fit working out into your schedule when you don't even have a schedule? But now that M has a more consistent schedule I'm able to really reevaluate my day and find little pockets to fit a workout in.
Fitting a Workout into My Day:
M takes a morning nap at 8:30 am and it is typically between 45 minutes to an hour. Then he takes a second nap at 11:30, which is usually 1.5 to 2 hours. (He takes one more nap at 3:30, but it is the shortest nap of the day so I don't count this nap as a time I could work out.) I knew these two windows would be the most ideal for getting a workout in.
As any stay at home mom will tell you, there are a million things on the to-do list a day. So I knew the hour or 2-hour workouts were a thing of the past. I decided I would be happy with a 20-30 minute workout and possibly a walk with M later in the day.
Knowing I could only workout for 20-30 minutes a day I needed to figure out what kind of workouts would give me the best results. I know there are different apps you can use to build your at home workouts or gym equipment you could buy for your home. But these things didn't interest me. Gym equipment is too expensive and would most likely sit unused most of the time and I don't have any idea where to start with a workout app.
But what I do have, a tv, an Amazon Fire TV, Yoga Mat, and body weight. So, I just went onto YouTube with the Amazon Fire and searched for 20-minute workouts. There are so many options, and so many talented people trying to help you get fit. There is so many work out options too, so this is the easiest way for me to fit a work out into my schedule.
Workouts I'm Doing at Home:
I have been a long time lover of yoga. But as a new mom, I love yoga even more! There is nothing like taking the time to stretch out your muscles that have become so cramped from holding the baby, sitting criss-cross breastfeeding, sleeping poorly if you co-sleep, baby wearing, etc. I can't tell you how amazing it feels to just twist, stretch, and elongate those tight and tired muscles. I try to fit yoga into my workout schedule 2 times a week, Mondays and Fridays.
HIIT workouts… Have you heard of this? I think I might have been living under a rock because I didn't know what it was until I searched YouTube for a 20-minute workout and a HIIT workout was the first thing that popped up. If you aren't familiar with HIIT workouts, it is an acronym standing for High-Intensity Interval Training. And holy moly, it is intense. For a 20 minute workout, it is usually 4 moves, 30-45 seconds each, 4 times through.
If you follow me on Instagram you saw my week-long struggle after one (1) HIIT workout! I was sore for a week, to the point where I could hardly walk. What the hell, I remember being a runner before I got pregnant, I know there used to be muscles there. I understand not having abdominal muscles and really having to work to bring them back. But the leg muscles? Why are those gone, you would have thought carrying around an extra 25-40 pounds would have made the legs stronger, not weaker.
Knowing how intense HIIT workouts are, I try to fit in one or two into my week. Usually, Tuesday and Thursday with Wednesday typically being a rest day.
Measuring Results:
I've never really been the kind of person to fixate on the numbers on a scale. In fact, I don't even own a scale. So, how will I know if working out is working? Well, to me working out is more of a lifestyle. I know that sounds so cliche, but it's true. I used to be an avid runner, running for fun and release. Saying working out is a lifestyle, to me, means having a set time out to take care of my body, and help relieve the stress of my new mommy life. The after effects of working out help me feel like I can conquer the day. And working out is a great way to check in with my body and issue a little self-care.
So, I measure my results differently. I measure how I'm feeling. Do I feel stressed? Happy? At peace? Healthy? Unhealthy? I measure with strength, a workout that was such a struggle the first time, does it feel easier, am I as sore today as I was the last time I did it? And I measure by the fit of my clothes, are these pants looser, tighter? The numbers on a scale do not mean you are healthy… They're just numbers.
When you start working out after baby or start trying to fit working out into your busy mom life/schedule there are some important things to remember:
- Be patient with yourself: your body just went through the most amazing, life-altering experience and you can't just get back to prebaby right away. I read somewhere that it actually takes up to a year for things to go back to the way they were before. A WHOLE YEAR!
- Be flexible: Babies are sometimes extremely unpredictable. They might be taking naps really well one day and completely fight their naps the next. Nothing in the first year is set in stone so much as written in sand. If you decide to set up a workout routine during their nap schedule, just know it might have to change sometimes. If they nap every morning at 9:00 and you workout during this time, but today they fight their nap so hard you have no choice but to be with your baby the world will not end if you don't workout during that nap. Be flexible. Workout at the next nap, or change up your workout, go for a long walk, run or hike with the baby.
- Try different types of workouts: I love a good schedule and routine. But even I get bored of at home workouts. Trying different types of workouts can help. YouTube is one of my favorite things for working out. They have so many options. Today I want to do yoga, tomorrow HIIT, the day after that let's do some Zumba or kickboxing. There are so many workouts to choose from. Variety is the spice of life and helps keep you motivated to workout at home.
- Remember to drink water: Water is so important when you are working out. It's good for your muscles and helps flush out toxins and lactic acid. But it is even more important if you are breastfeeding. When you're breastfeeding it is so easy to get dehydrated, and no one wants that!
Working out after having a baby is hard, for so many reasons. Sometimes I still have to drag myself to complete a workout. But then I tell myself, it is only 20 minutes and afterward, I can do something else. But I don't hound myself either if I just can't muster up the strength to get a workout done. Working out is such a hard habit to start because it takes a while before it becomes fun, and I would even argue that it never becomes fun. But I want to be as healthy as I can for myself and for my family.


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Hope everyone's week is off to a great start. I remember talking to someone about options that a person has in every aspect of their life a while back…which pretty much inspired this week's episodic musing. Let's get started.
Musings Episode 82: Options
I'd say in today's time we live in a world of choice – lots of it. Largely on a consumer level, but on other levels too. There's so many different forms of education, career choices, leisure time options, and ways of getting out and socialising that you'll have people say the amount of options is overwhelming.
I'd say that's bull.
Then, there are some who may feel like they don't have any options.
That's also bull.
True, there are an abundance of options out there, but if you've got focus, the options available hardly seem overwhelming and if anything, you can easily filter out the fluff.
When you think about it, the amount of options you have can actually help you have a better understanding of what it is you want out of life, in all aspects of life. Even feeling like you have no options at some point in life can force you to realise the options you do have, if you stay calm and think.
This is where focus comes in. The main thing is to use that focus to stay on track with whatever it is you want to accomplish.
Filtering is easy, but staying on track can sometimes be tricky – largely because it relies on consistency. As an entrepreneurial minded person I can attest to this.
I could have a number of ideas pop up in my head a week that seem like great business ideas. Where it gets tricky is staying consistent – sometimes it's tempting to move on all of them at one time rather than planning things out methodically, or knocking out one at a time.
Thinking of so many ideas can open you up to so many options, even outside the entrepreneurial realm.
And having options means having access to different tools that can help you move any part of your life forward.
Knowledge creates options, and options are kind of like guide books that teach you which way you can use the tools you've uncovered through assessing your options.
If you're from my generation, maybe you were taught that you could be anything when you were younger – and maybe you were taught to pick a safe career option as you got older.
This was always a confusing trend of thought to me. You're told you can be anything (including Spider-Man) when you're younger – but as you get older, family/society tells you to "think about your future" and "pick a safe career choice"? Something like a lawyer, doctor, etc?
Forget wanting to be top athlete or pro skateboarder, and opt for a nice, quiet office job?
While I know the above "safe" options can in theory of course be smart (and sometimes recession proof), it's the line of thinking that's a contradiction.
I mean I can see where (most) parents are coming from – they want their kids to have stability, not lack for anything, and a financially stress-free life so they can actually enjoy the years that pass by.
But I think always opting for the safe option can be self-sabotaging.
This is where I think a hybrid approach works best.
There's some partial truth that there are obvious benefits to choosing a "safe" career – but only if you know what type of benefits you're talking about.
I think if a person feels more comfortable going with a safe option – with anything in life – it's better to only use it as a tool to get where you really want to go – to enable you to do what you really want to do.
In the context of business, picking a safe option really just means picking an option that gives you a steady source of cash flow over the required length of time it's needed.
But it's what you do with that cash flow that matters.
One thing I've learnt about being an entrepreneur – if you want to move anything forward, even outside of business, most of the time it takes cash flow, and time.
This can be with a hobby, travelling, a relationship, anything.
I really don't get why people try and separate money from the equation when it comes to a lot of things they do in life.
If you want to learn how to play guitar, you've gotta first buy the guitar.
If you want to pursue a relationship, you've still gotta have the cash to meet up with the person – whether you're driving or using public transportation. Even if you're walking, if you wanna go and grab a bite (or make a bite to eat) it still takes cash.
Hell, even if you want to get in better shape you've gotta have the cash to eat properly.
There's an interesting quote I'm fond of…
Now this blog post isn't to talk about money – but I can say that money, like knowledge, can give you more options.
And I can say that it's important to realise that everyone, and I do mean everyone, has options.
The main thing is, you've got to pick what options are right for YOU.
Only you.
Nobody else can or should feel like they can dictate to you what your options are. It's your life, you've got to live it, and you've got to deal with the results that the options you pick give you.
At the end of the day, you've got to do what feels right for you.
Choose your options wisely. Choose how to use your tools wisely.
Just for fun I'm gonna leave you with one of my favourite songs this year:
As always…
Stay awesome.
– Rego
Improve Your Lifestyle. Improve Yourself. This is Life. This is Rego's Life.™
Musings Episode 82: Options… is a post from and appeared first on Rego's Life


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Why Don't Christians Who Take the Bible Literally Also Think the Earth Is Flat?
The creationist crowd is in a tithy lately. First there was "Cosmos" — on Fox, no less! — giving short shrift to everything they hold dear. Then, adding insult to injury, for those paying close attention, long-awaited evidence of the Big Bang arrived. It's been a rough few weeks.
But really, if you're a biblical literalist, it's been a rough few centuries, or millennia, actually. You see, according to the Bible, the earth is both stationary and flat. Most pointedly, there are at least two passages in which a single point is visible to the whole world (Daniel 4:10-11 and Revelation 1:7), and one (Matthew 4:8) in which the whole world can be seen from a single point — an obvious impossibility unless the earth is flat.
Although the Catholic Church had forced Galileo to recant his work questioning the immobile earth in 1632 — and only pardoned him in 1992 — they did so in part because they were certain the earth was a globe: a globe around which the sun, moon and all other heavenly bodies revolved. Such was the Ptolemaic system, which had dominated Western views for more than a millennium. And yet, the Bible itself reflects a radically different view of the cosmos, one shared by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians, in which the earth is both stationary and flat. And there is a wide range of scriptural passages to prove it.
The late Robert Schadewald made this point conclusively in "The Flat-Earth Bible," an article posted on the Web back in 1995. Schadewald was a former board member and president of the National Center for Science Education, a leader in the fight against creationism and other forms of pseudo-science being pushed into schools. But he was as much an enthusiastic student of fringe or "alternative" science as a source of endless fascination as he was a critic of swallowing it whole.
"When I first became interested in the flat-earthers in the early 1970s, I was surprised to learn that flat-earthism in the English-speaking world is and always has been entirely based upon the Bible," Schadewald begins his piece. Easily the most influential work is "Zetetic Astronomy, Earth Not a Globe," by Samuel Birley Rowbotham. Its first, 16-page pamphlet edition, in 1849, predated Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" by a decade.
1 Chronicles 16:30: "He has fixed the earth firm, immovable."
Psalm 93:1: "Thou hast fixed the earth immovable and firm …"
Psalm 96:10: "He has fixed the earth firm, immovable …"
Psalm 104:5: "Thou didst fix the earth on its foundation so that it never can be shaken."
Isaiah 45:18: "…who made the earth and fashioned it, and himself fixed it fast …"
It's remarkable enough that most of today's creationists, wedded to biblical literalism andinerrancy, rarely mention such passages, particularly given the history of Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo. But then there are these, as well:
Daniel 4:10-11: [Nebuchadnezzar] "saw a tree of great height at the centre of the earth … reaching with its top to the sky and visible to the earth's farthest bounds."
Matthew 4:8: "Once again, the devil took him to a very high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world [cosmos] in their glory."
Revelation 1:7: "Behold, he is coming with the clouds! Every eye shall see him …"
A single point cannot see to or be seen from everywhere on a globe at once. For these words to be literally true, the earth must be flat, end of story.
These are only a few passages, of course. To really comprehend the Bible's flat-earth cosmology, you have to know what you're looking for — the other elements of the flat-earth world. That's why Schadewald noted, "As neighbors, the ancient Hebrews had the Egyptians to the southwest and the Babylonians to the northeast. Both civilizations had flat-earth cosmologies. The Biblical cosmology closely parallels the Sumero-Babylonian cosmology, and it may also draw upon Egyptian cosmology." He went on to document what he meant. In addition to the passages above, he cited passages concerning the nature of the heavens, the order of creation, and the diminutive nature of the sun, moon and stars. All are relevant to the claim of a flat earth, because all are parts of a coherent flat-earth worldview similar to that of Egypt and Babylon's: The earth is flat; the heavens are a solid dome, fashioned of metal; the sun, moon and stars are relatively small object inside the dome of heaven. As for the order of creation, Schadewald wrote:
The Genesis creation story provides the first key to the Hebrew cosmology. The orderof creation makes no sense from a conventional perspective but is perfectly logical from a flat-earth viewpoint. The earth was created on the first day, and it was "without form and void (Genesis 1:2)." On the second day, a vault the "firmament" of the King James version was created to divide the waters, some being above and some below the vault. Only on the fourth day were the sun, moon, and stars created, and they were placed "in" (not "above") the vault.
Regarding the heavens, he noted that the word "firmament" is translated from the Hebrew word raqiya, meaning the "visible vault of the sky," and coming from riqqua, "beaten out." "A good craftsman could beat a lump of cast brass into a thin bowl," Schadewald pointed out. "Thus, Elihu asks Job, 'Can you beat out [raqa] the vault of the skies, as he does, hard as a mirror of cast metal (Job 37:18)?'" He went on to cite a number of passages supporting the view that the vault of heaven is "a solid, physical object" and thus "a tremendous feat of engineering," as well as passages from Isaiah [40:22], Job [22:12, 14], and Ezekiel [1:22-26, 10:1], which "complete the picture of the sky as a lofty, physical dome," not merely an illusion that looks like a dome.
Regarding celestial bodies, Schadewald first noted, "They had to be small to fit inside the vault of heaven," but added, "Small size is also implied by Joshua 10:12, which says that the sun stood still 'in Gibeon' and the moon 'in the Vale of Aijalon.'" He then cited a number of passages presenting celestial bodies as "exotic living beings," somewhat similar to how various polytheist religions represent them. And, of course, stars can fall from the skies (Daniel 8:10, Matthew 24:29, Revelation 6:13-16).
While the Bible itself contains no explicit cosmological description, the Book of Enoch, a highly regarded source that influenced the Bible, does. Schadewald pointed out that Jude 14- 15 quotes 1 Enoch 1:9, attributes prophecy to Enoch, and thus "confers inspired status upon the book." He went on to say:
Unlike the canonical books of the Bible, which (in my view) were never meant to teach science, sections of 1 Enoch were intended to describe the natural world. The narrator sometimes sounds like a 2nd century B.C. Carl Sagan explaining the heavens and earth to the admiring masses. The Enochian cosmology is precisely the flat-earth cosmology previously derived from the canonical books.
This includes trips to the ends of the earth, a detailed description of solar and lunar motion, including six openings in heaven for them to emerge from when they rise and another six to pass into when they set, according to the season, and more information about stars, including their punishment for transgressions.
Some might be inclined to think that Schadewald was overstating his case. That's understandable. Skepticism is good. So they should consider what a true believer had to say. In "Earth Not a Globe," Rowbotham first presented a series of secular arguments on a wide range of specific issues, but in the end he resorted to wide-ranging, detailed arguments from scripture, in which moral, religious and physical arguments were all jumbled together with extensive quotations from the Bible.
At one point, for example, Rowbotham cited more than two dozen passages, such asPsalm 103, 11, "For as the Heaven is high above the Earth," to argue that "If the Earth is a globe revolving at the rate above a thousand miles an hour all this language of scripture is necessarily fallacious." "Up" and "down" are meaningless, he argued, if the place you point to as "up above" you is millions of miles away by the time you're finished speaking. This may seem like a bizarre position, but it actually accurately reflects a consistent, literal-minded, stationary geocentric worldview — if not an exclusively flat-earth perspective. It simply shows how much scriptural evidence one can find, depending on the set of assumptions one begins with — which in turn shows just how difficult, if not impossible, it is to change the minds of true believers.
In another passage, Rowbotham argued about the nature of celestial bodies, further illustrating how his viewpoint produces a proliferation of scriptural support. First, he rejected the notion that the moon shines with reflected light, quoting Genesis 1, 16-17,"He made the Stars also; and God set them in the firmament to give light upon the earth,"and 10 other passages, before concluding, "Nothing is here said, nor is it said in any other part of Scripture, that the sun only is a great light, and that the moon only shines by reflection." Then he argued that stars are not sunlike objects vast distances away, but rather are lights in the sky created to give light to the earth at night. These clearly mattered to him because of the entire worldview they are part of — precisely the point that Schadewald made.
Not incidentally, in making his point about the stars, Rowbotham misrepresented the scientific view by claiming, for example, "[T]he modern system of astronomy teaches that this earth cannot possibly receive light from the Stars, because of their supposed great distance from it." Here, and throughout his argument, he confuses the matter of starlightreaching the earth, so that we can see the stars, with the matter of starlight illuminatingthe earth, so that we can see other objects by the light of the stars. The two are entirely different matters, but Rowbotham, for all his careful attention to words when it suits him, never seems to notice. In the end, however, he makes a claim so wild, it seems to make everything else irrelevant. He says that travelers report that in many other parts of the world, starlight is "sufficiently intense to enable them to read and write." Yet, the confusion of terms in his argument is vital to setting the tone for this final, preposterous assertion — all of it, firmly rooted in scripture as he reads it.
Again, this may seem far removed from the idea of a flat earth. But for Rowbotham, our inability to see the connection is but further proof of how little we understand. And he had a point. The world as he envisions it is so radically different than our own that we find it difficult, if not impossible, to imagine what he takes for granted. But if the earth is flat, covered by a physical dome that contains the stars, then the descriptions he offers do make sense — and for Rowbotham, reading the Bible as he did, it's impossible to separate one part of that cosmology from any of the others.
Rowbotham also made a further argument about the stars that goes to the subject of moral confusion and relativism — neatly anticipating the anti-Darwinians who would follow him. If, he argued, the stars are "not simply lights, as the scriptures affirm them to be, but magnificent worlds," then there arise all sorts of theological conundrums — Are the worlds inhabited? If so, have the first parents be tempted? Have they fallen? Been redeemed? Does each world have a separate redeemer? Or is Christ the redeemer for every world? If so, was his suffering on earth sufficient for all the other worlds? And what of Adam's fall? Did it implicate the inhabitants of all other worlds? "The Christian philosopher must be confounded!" Rowbotham exclaimed. "If his religion be to him a living reality, he will turn with loathing or spurn with indignation and disgust, as he would a poisonous reptile, a system of astronomy which creates in his mind so much confusion and uncertainty!" What a relief, then, to know that it's all garbage, that earth is the only world ever created! How strikingly similar, then, his rejection of secular astronomy was to the creationists' rejection of secular biology.
This is but part of a larger family resemblance, as Schadewald explains in "The Evolution of Bible-Science," a chapter he contributed to the 1984 volume, "Scientists Confront Creationism" (adapted version here). In his introduction, Schadewald wrote:
"For two thousand years, various groups of dogmatists have tried to force the universe to fit their interpretation of Scripture. They have judged and rejected evidence and explanations according to the standard of their own religious beliefs. On scriptural grounds, some have rejected (and continue to reject) the sphericity of the earth, the Copernican system, and the evolution of life on earth. In the last two centuries, flat-earthers, geocentrists, and creationists have adopted a label for their dogmas: Bible-science."
It's obvious why creationists would not want to be associated with flat-earthers, but it's not at all obvious why we should let them get away with it, given how similar their arguments, assumptions and purposes are. In discussing the internal divisions of Bible science, Shadewald wrote:
"Though flat-earthism is as well-supported scripturally and scientifically as creationism, the creationists plainly do not want to be associated with flat-earthers….
"[Y]oung-earth creationism closely resembles the flat-earth movement. In fact, young-earth creationism, geocentrism, and flat-earthism are respectively the liberal, moderate, and conservative branches of the Bible-science tree. The intense hostility expressed by the scientific creationists toward the flat-earthers does not extend to modern geocentrists, who hover on the edge of respectability among creationists. Indeed, though the Bible is, from Genesis to Revelation, a flat-earth book, the geocentrists have combined forces with liberal creationists to cast the flat-earthers into outer darkness."
And, indeed, the similarities are much more basic than the differences, as he quickly went on to note. In an earlier, 1981 article, he explained more fully:
"Despite their internecine warfare, Bible-Scientists are in broad agreement on a number of issues. They agree on the usefulness of the Bible as a scientific text, the weakness of mere theories, the duplicity of conventional scientists, and the impossibility of reconciling conventional science with the Bible. The creation and flat-earth movements have similar foundations and histories, and both have used similar strategies to propagate their beliefs. Indeed, both believe they are battling the same behind-the-scenes opponent."
Today, more than 30 years after Shadewald wrote those words, belief in the "weakness of mere theories" and "the duplicity of conventional scientists" now extend well beyond Bible science, into the far reaches of the culture war as conservatives see it, including the field of global warming, where conservatives openly parade their contempt for scientific theories, and their suspicion (if not conviction) that scientists are involved in an elaborate deception ("climategate," anyone?). In this same article, Shadewald quoted Rowbotham:
"Let the practise of theorising be abandoned as one oppressive to the reasoning powers, fatal to the full development of truth, and, in every sense, inimical to the solid progress of sound philosophy."
And he went on to say:
Charles K. Johnson, president of the Flat Earth Society, is absolutely vehement about scientific dishonesty. He regularly calls scientists "liars" and "demented dope fiends" and claims that the entire space program is a "carnie game."
With these sorts of venomous sentiments now infusing not just Bible scientists, but the wider conservative audience for global warming denialism, birtherism, groundless claims of "death panels" and massive voter fraud, etc., it seems high time that progressives stop playing defense and start going on offense. Asking Christian conservatives to defend flat-earthism any time they open their mouths would be an excellent place to start. The Bible, after all, is far, far clearer in supporting a flat earth than it is in opposing abortion, much less birth control.


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In 'The Great Tablecloth', the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda conjures for us the sensual pleasures of the plate - "In the blue hour of eating, / the infinite hour of the roast," - contrasting them with the solitary experience of a peasant in a field and his "poor quota of bread," eating with "grim teeth, / looking at it with hard eyes." The poem is radical, visionary, and it politicises the simple act of sharing a meal:
Let us sit down to eat
with all those who haven't eaten;
let us spread great tablecloths,
put salt in the lakes of the world,
set up planetary bakeries,
tables with strawberries in snow,
and a plate like the moon itself
from which we can all eat.
Despite being written in the 1950s, 'The Great Tablecloth' serves as an eloquent abridgement of the aims and concerns of the many 'food movements' which have gained prominence in recent years. Movements such as Fair Trade, Slow Food and the many urban food-growing initiatives; the latter often deliberately based in inner-city schemes, reaching out to those who have suffered most from the commodification of our food, and who are economically excluded from the 'foodie culture' of Farmers Markets and 'gastro pubs'. All of these movements and projects, in their different ways, seek to redress the injustices of the global food industry and to celebrate food as a means of revitalising individuals and communities, and of repairing their relationship to their culture and to the land.
Last month, in Kinghorn, a small coastal town in Fife, an international conference examined some of the inequalities around food production and consumption. FoodRevolt, brought together around two hundred activists, NGOs and food writers, as well as chefs, food producers and, of course, consumers. It was an intense day of talks, films and workshops focused on the politics and the joy of food. FoodRevolt was hosted by The Fife Diet which, with more than 2,000 members, is the largest project of its kind in Europe. Now in its fourth year, the project works with communities, schools, and government bodies to promote local seasonal food. Members commit to an 80:20 ratio of local (produced within the region of Fife) to imported food. The ratio deliberately inverts the fact that 80% of the UK's food is grown abroad and only 20% produced internally; in addition, it allows members to treat themselves occasionally to 'essentials' (such as coffee and chocolate) that can't be grown in Scotland.
Fife Diet director Mike Small spoke of what and how we eat as being 'the key to us slowing down, giving ourselves and our communities real sustenance and real nourishment'. Linking food, economics, and the environment, Small noted: 'We, as a society, have staggered into an emergency situation and we need to take immediate sustained and deep-rooted action.' Small argued that supermarket culture, with its myths of perpetual growth and limitless choice, contributed to a food system today that is incapable of delivering the kind of change we need. The problem is systemic - 'gigantism breeds gigantism'. The answer, Small argued, lies in actively supporting and engaging with the growing networks of local food initiatives.
Food Sovereignty is central to such initiatives. The term was coined by La Via Campesina, an international peasant organisation, and is defined as 'the right of peoples to healthy, culturally appropriate, food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and the right to define their own food and agricultural systems.' The concept also gives an international context to a project like Fife Diet, and links it to similar projects, such as Zapallo Verde in Ecuador, which in 1988 became the first country to enshrine Food Sovereignty in its legal constitution. A representative from Zapallo Verde was welcomed to the conference. Among the international participants in Fife were Juliana Lutz of Austria's Speise Lokal and Daniel López Garcia, from the Spanish group Ecologistas en Accion. López Garcia drew parallels between Food Sovereignty and Los Indignados, the Spanish protest movement.
Perhaps more than anything, Food Revolt highlighted the range and popularity of local food projects, as well as illustrating the sense of community empowerment and global solidarity such projects can engender. In this difficult century of economic collapse and environmental catastrophe it is easy to feel dispirited and disenfranchised, so it is no mean feat to generate an energy and radicalism around the food movement.
Their optimism contrasted with a more negative mood among the NGOs attending. Stan Blackley, the new head of Friends of the Earth Scotland spoke well and positively about holding governments and big business to account over their environmental records. But after the failure of the Copenhagen Summit and with a growing recognition that national democracies are largely impotent when confronted by international finance, no one any longer pretends that the environment is seen as a priority. This is despite the warnings of imminent danger – including a recent report from the International Energy Agency which suggests that serious climate change will be irreversible within the next five years.
Liz Murray of the World Development Movement highlighted that organisation's campaign of lobbying the European Parliament to introduce laws which would curb speculation on food commodity markets. This is work that needs to be supported by all and yet, regrettably, it is unlikely to be high on the agenda of an EU summit any time soon.
The problem for the NGOs, and for all of us, is that they are trying to modify a system at a time when that system is buckling; nobody really knows what to do next. Governments are paralysed and people feel powerless. No wonder then the attraction of initiatives that are community led and inclusive such as these food projects. They promote notions of resilience and sufficiency and at the same time offer opportunities for meaningful political engagement.
Amid all the talk, the most profound moment at FoodRevolt came at lunch when the conference hall was transformed into a food hall, with trestle tables and tablecloths, and all two hundred attendants sat down to share a meal - a local stew prepared without fuss on site and served by volunteers. Simple and effective, 'the justice of eating', as Neruda writes at the end of his poem. Or, as Fife Diet director Mike Small put it: 'Three times a day we can be part of a restorative practice.'
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• Owning a Medical Office or BuildingWhen purchasing a commercial space or building for a medical or dental practice, it is always better to own the real estate through a separate legal entity both for tax and liability purposes. When purchasing real estate, bank counsel may be helpful, but he/she does not represent the interests of either the buyer or seller. Buying or seller a building or office condominium involves deed registration, title searches, zoning and permitting, thus it is important to hire a lawyer who specializes in real estate conveyancing. leasing commercial medical space, you first must fully and accurately identify the premises. It is important to be clear on the dimensions and/or square footage of the leased premises and how it is calculated. It is helpful to determine if the square footage referenced is rentable (which includes portions of common areas) or useable (within the four walls of the premises).
• Price
When leasing a commercial dental space, there are several common lease rates, including triple net lease and gross lease. In a triple net lease the tenant typically pays a lower base rent to the landlord and then the tenant pays all additional expenses separately. These additional expenses may include: electricity, water, gas, janitorial services, maintenance, property taxes and property insurance. In a gross lease rate all operating expenses are included in the monthly rental payments.
• Lease Term
The lease term is the period during which the tenant has exclusive possession and the obligation to pay rent. A short-term lease may be beneficial for the practice owner looking for flexibility – perhaps to move to a larger space – while a long-term lease can guarantee that the tenant will be able to keep a certain space at a known rent for an extended period.
• Build-Out/Tenant Improvement
Leasing a new space that needs to be built out may require you to seek allowances to finish the space to your specifications. If leasing an existing space, there may be modifications needed, which can be paid for by both the landlord and tenant. Some landlords will permit the tenant to engage its own architect and contractor, subject to the landlord's approval, other landlords will require the tenant to use providers selected by them.
• Maintenance
There are common area maintenance charges that may be passed on to the tenant for the landlord's expenses for utilities, taxes and other costs related to the building or center where the premises are located. The tenant may be required to pay a certain percentage share of the costs for maintaining, operating, repairing and replacing components of the building. Typically, the proportionate share is based on the tenant's square footage divided by all leasable square footage for the building.
When entering into a commercial lease, a landlord may require a personal guarantee from the practice owners, even if they own and operate the practice through a corporation or LLC, and may refuse to rent the space without one. The guarantors stand behind the tenant's performance and would be personally liable for the lease and other payments if the tenant fails to do so for any reason.
• Assignment & Subletting
Having the right to assign the lease or sublet a portion or all of the office is very important when selling a practice or relocating an office. Some leases define any change in ownership of the tenant, even a partial buy-in by another practioner, as an assignment or subletting. Therefore, the admission of new partners or shareholders, or sale of the practice could present problems if the tenant is not allowed to assign or sublet.
A right of first refusal could allow a tenant to be notified and have the first opportunity to either purchase the space or lease additional space before the owner can sell or lease it to another person.
• Insurance
The amounts of insurance coverage are dependent on the financial strength of the parties and the nature of the tenant's business. Often the lease will require the tenant to have the landlord named as an additional insured on the tenant's liability insurance policy.
• Compliance with the LawMost leases provide that the tenant will "comply with all laws." There are three areas of the law are of particular concern: ADA compliance, local building code compliance, and environmental law compliance.
For information or assistance, contact Pierce and Mandell, P.C.
The above practice points should be considered by medical and dental professionals when buying or selling a practice. This list does not constitute legal advice and is not conclusive. We recommend that medical and dental practices and professionals obtain assistance from professionals (attorneys and CPAs) to ensure that agreements are complete and serve to adequately protect your interests.


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Today's AM fix was USD 1,611.50, EUR 1,247.10 and GBP 1,064.12 per ounce.
Yesterday's AM fix was USD 1,602.50, EUR 1,238.41 and GBP 1,059.78 per ounce.
Silver is trading at $28.95/oz, €22.52/oz and £19.23/oz. Platinum is trading at $1,558.50/oz, palladium at $737.00/oz and rhodium at $1,250/oz.
Gold rose $7.30 or 0.45% and closed yesterday at $1,612.60/oz. Silver rose to $29.10, and then finished down 0.03%.
Cross Currency Table – (Bloomberg)
Despite an increase in risk appetite in recent months, systemic risk remains. As Reuters' Pedro da Costa noted the "global impact of events in Cyprus casts doubt on the notion that the financial system has gotten a lot stronger since the crisis." The Cypriot deposit levy is creating jitters among some investors who are increasing their gold positions.
Argentines are buying more gold than ever to protect their savings from the Western Hemisphere's fastest inflation reported Bloomberg.
Banco de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina's only bank offering gold bullion coins and bars to investors and savers is negotiating with mining companies to purchase gold direct as surging demand depletes the scrap supply.
The bank began marketing gold to clients after Argentina tightened currency controls in October 2011, selling 280 kilos in year one for 102.6 million pesos ($20 million).
Argentines are utilizing gold to hedge their savings as economists forecast the peso will lose more value than any currency in the world, and President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner forbids dollar purchases.
The nation's inflation rate of 26% is also eroding Argentina's peso- denominated bonds to fall 5.5% ytd.
"I'm buying gold every chance I get," Guillermo Acosta, a 27-year-old security guard, said inside a branch of Banco Ciudad in downtown Buenos Aires. "With this inflation, I feel like my savings will evaporate if I keep them in pesos."
Acosta's initial investment of 10 grams of gold in February last year has returned 47% as the price per gram rose to 381.5 pesos from 260 pesos.
Gold in Argentine Pesos – 5 Years – (Bloomberg)
With Argentina printing pesos to finance itself, the growth of pesos in the economy has rose 38% in the past year, leading analysts to predict that the currency will depreciate 12.9% through year-end, the highest of currencies tracked by Bloomberg.
Banco Ciudad is the only bank left that trades in gold after Fernandez banned the purchase of certified 99.99% pure gold for savings in July. The bank sells it at 99.96% purity, according to Carlos Leiza, who oversees the lender's gold trading.
There is a 35% gap in the prices to buy and sell physical gold at Banco Ciudad, while there's no premium to sell the country's benchmark 2017 dollar bond in the local market, according to the Buenos Aires-based Open Electronic Market, known as MAE.
Gold sold by Banco Ciudad also isn't recognized internationally, making it more difficult to determine its value, he said.
The cost of 100 grams of gold in Argentina as of last week was 36,646 pesos. In New York, the same amount based on the benchmark troy ounce (31 grams) sold for about $5,126.
The bank multiplies that price by 0.95 to account for the lower quality of the gold to get a dollar price of $4,870.
"Historically, gold has been seen as a store of value, so as long as options for doing that in Argentina are limited, people are going to keep buying it," Banco Ciudad's Leiza told Bloomberg.
Bloomberg's Alix Steel covered the story and a short video about record gold demand in Argentina can be watched here http://www.bloomberg.com/
Cyprus fears, FOMC hopes support gold prices – Market Watch
Gold holds near 3-week high on Cyprus crisis – Reuters
Gold Trades Near This Month's High Before Fed Policy Statement – Bloomberg
India central bank may ban Gold coin sales by banks – Bullion Street
Video: Cyprus Contagion? HSBC Says Gold To Average $1,700 – Bloomberg
Eagle Sales Soar Even as Metal Prices Fall – Numismaster
"Get Your Money Out While You Can" – Zero Hedge
Video: COT for Gold Very Bullish – Got Gold Report


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The second day of our Italian trip was very hot, and by the end of the day we were totally exhausted after walking for hours, up and down many steps, both in the Vatican City, and the Colosseum. It was really fascinating though, and we saw such a lot of amazing sights, and took many photos.
Here is the outside of the Vatican fortress wall. It's really high, and I'm sure not even Spiderman could manage to scale it. We were told that there are about 20,000 visitors per day. Vatican City has 850 inhabitants and is a separate country from Italy.
It's guarded by the Swiss Guard, and also has it's own police force.
The gardens were really beautiful and well kept, as one would expect.
Here is a pic of the 136.57 m tall St Peter's Dome, viewed from the Vatican Gardens. It's the tallest dome in the world, and looked so magnificent as it glistened in the sun against the blue sky.
Here is the inside of the Dome looking up.
The entrance to the Saint Peter's Basilica is decorated with a myriad statues!
Once inside, there were so many photo opportunities.
This sculpture by Michelangelo is entitled "The Pieta, It's the first of a number of his works on the same theme, and is the only one which he actually signed.
This one, executed by a team of artists under the supervision of the sculptor, Bernini, is Pope Alexander VII's tomb. It shows him kneeling on top of his grave, surrounded by the four virtues (Charity, Truth, Prudence, and Justice). Death is underneath the shroud and is holding up an hourglass.
The vast proportions of these beautiful marble pillars and sculptures are truly breathtaking.
We really did see so many wonderful sights, too numerous to show you here.
My head was bobbing up, down, and round and round, trying to take in all the beauty from marble floors,
to magnificent walls and ceilings.
When we entered the Sistine Chapel, no photography was allowed, so here is a photograph of a photograph of the end wall depicting the "Last Judgement." We were told that Michelangelo had superimposed the faces of some people who had given him a really hard time during his career, on those folk relegated to Hell at the bottom of this "Judgement Day," scene.
There are 1,100 sq m of paintings in the chapel, and it's beauty is astounding. One isn't allowed to talk at all, and every few seconds, a pre-recorded and rather loud "Sshhh," came over the speaker system, to remind everyone to keep QUIET. 😉
We marvelled at, and wondered about the meaning of this interesting bronze sculpture outside the Vatican museum. It's called "Sfera Con Sfera" ("Sphere Within a Sphere") and was created by Arnaldo Pomodoro. I read that several such sculptures of varying diameters, are to be found at other places around the world, including the UN Headquarters in New York.
Inside were so many statues, which were all white, but here is a replica of what they would have looked like originally; very colourful indeed. I was so surprised, as I didn't imagine that they had once been painted.
We visited the many galleries in the museum, and looked up in absolute awe at the beautiful ceiling frescos in the "Map Gallery." These, and so many others were absolutely magnificent.
It was about here, that hubby almost lost me forever. It was very crowded, and I'd wandered off on my own, which is always a mistake. Not seeing him and the rest of our group, I decided that they must be ahead of me. In a bit of a panic, I went charging off to catch them up, not realising that they were still way back. My guardian and protector eventually managed to catch up with me, and lead me back to the safety of the fold, giving me strict instructions to stay close. 😉
The Tapestry Gallery was also a wonder to behold. The mind boggles just imagining all the work that must have gone into creating these enormous tapestries.
There were statues everywhere we looked, and I think I saw enough to last me for quite a while; in fact I believe I actually overdosed on statues that day.
As we were leaving the museum, we passed the private entrance to the papal apartments. How I would love an invitation to enter through that glass door.
Well I think that's quite enough photo downloading for today, so you'll have to wait until tomorrow to wander around the Colosseum with me.


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Madam Speaker, I am pleased to rise today to voice my support for Bill C-3, the gender equality and Indian registration act.
The rationale behind Bill C-3 originates in a decision rendered last year by the B.C. Court of Appeal. The decision in the case of McIvor v. Canada states that a key section of the Indian Act is contrary to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and is, therefore, unconstitutional. The court found that two paragraphs of section 6, the section that spells out rules related to status entitlement and registration, constitute discrimination as defined by the charter. Indian status is a concept enshrined in law. Canadians with Indian status enjoy specific rights and entitlements.
As we know, the B.C. Court of Appeal suspended the effects of its ruling for one year to grant the Government of Canada time to develop and implement an appropriate and effective legislative solution. That is why the government moved promptly to develop an appropriate solution.
After engaging with aboriginal organizations to both provide information and seek input on a legislative solution, the proposed legislation was developed and introduced.
Given that the bill addresses an issue of gender discrimination and the potentially serious consequences if it does not pass and a legal vacuum results in British Columbia, I would encourage members on all sides of this House to support the passage of this bill.
The Court of Appeal acknowledged that the government has been diligent in moving forward with legislative amendments without any undue delays in the process. As a result, it responded favourably to the government's request for a short extension in the deadline for the implementation of this decision.
As the previous speaker noted, this bill would address the specific inequality identified by the court. The extension offers us, as parliamentarians, an opportunity to pass this bill before summer adjournment. We all agree that there are larger issues that need to be discussed, which is why, when the bill was introduced, the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development also introduced the establishment of a joint process to be developed in conjunction with various national aboriginal organizations and the participation of first nation groups and individuals across the country on the broader issues related to the question of registration, membership, important treaty realities and cultural perspectives.
However, that is a separate process that should not distract us from the need to pass this bill to address the specific cause of gender discrimination identified by the Court of Appeal.
We all know that discrimination is one of the obstacles that prevent many aboriginal peoples from participating fully in the prosperity of this nation. By removing this particular obstacle, first nations would have more opportunity to contribute socially, economically and culturally to this nation.
Bill C-3 would also complement actions and initiatives taken by the Government of Canada in recent years to improve the quality of life for first nations, including actions addressing the quality of drinking water in first nation communities, the backlog of unresolved specific claims and the modernization of on-reserve child and family services and education systems, to name but a few.
In each case, the Government of Canada worked in partnership with aboriginal groups to design and implement an effective strategy. This growing partnership is tremendously valuable. It inspires the mutual trust needed to make progress on additional issues. The engagement process used to develop Bill C-3, including the series of meetings staged by national aboriginal organizations and attended by hundreds of people, furthered this collaborative spirit. The engagement process also identified the need to explore broader issues of status membership as citizenship beyond the scope of Bill C-3.
The Government of Canada believes that this broader process must include opportunities for individuals, leaders and organizations to express their views and ideas. Given the deadline imposed by the Court of Appeal for British Columbia, however, the endorsement of Bill C-3 must proceed on its own merit. At the same time, discussions have already begun with the Assembly of First Nations, the Native Women's Association of Canada, the National Association of Friendship Centres, the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples and the Métis National Council about how the exploratory process would unfold.
All organizations, along with the Government of Canada, are willing to collaborate on a process designed to gather the views of individuals, communities and leaders on issues related to band membership, Indian registration and citizenship.
Recognizing the complex and sensitive nature of these concepts, the Government of Canada has made no assumptions about the range of activities that will be included in the exploratory process. Initial discussions indicate that the process would likely benefit from a wide variety of information gathering activities and technologies.
To encourage aboriginals to share their views, for instance, the process might feature digital communication technologies. As discussions about the exploratory process continue, it is vital that Canada respond effectively to the ruling of the Court of Appeal for British Columbia. Bill C-3 offers an appropriate response. The proposed legislation along with the exploratory process, strengthened the relationship between Canada and aboriginal peoples.
For all those reasons, Bill C-3 fully deserves the support of all members of the House and I encourage all members to join together with me in endorsing Bill C-3.


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Ding ding! Round three! The Virtual Vegan Potluck is such a wonderful highlight in my blogging world. It's amazing that so many bloggers get together and make this whole thing happen! There's 169 bloggers from around the world this time. Of course, there's a few superheroes at the helm that keep us all in check: Annie at An Unrefined Vegan; Somer at Vedged Out; and Jason at Jason and the Veganauts. Hurrah and huzzah to these lovely folks! It must be like dealing with a huge class of kindergarteners.
And this time I'm doing a dessert—homemade Schnickers Bars—after two rounds of main courses. If you want to check those out, they are here and here. I'm happy to say that you can make this a raw vegan dish, but I used roasted salted peanuts and roasted peanut butter, so it's not technically raw. You could make this paleo by subbing the peanuts for almonds, but I didn't have time to do that. But at the rate these treats are going to get eaten, I'll have a chance to try that out very soon. Continue reading


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Chicken Soup With Homemade Semolina Pasta that We Called Molbann Soup (we pronounce it Malenbon)
I eat this soup and I'm back home with Grandma!
The pasta in this soup is called "u Molbann" or "semola battuta" (semolina pasta) or "Molonband". It's what makes the soup so special!
Prep time: Approx. 45 min.
Cook time: Approx. 2 – 3 hrs.
Total time: 4 Hrs. +
Yield: Makes a good size pot of soup (10 – 12 servings)
Chicken Soup Ingredients:
- 1 large whole chicken
- Approx. 14 cups of water (Or enough water to cover the chicken. This will vary based on size of chicken and pot)
- 1 bay leave
- 1 chicken bouillon (Sometimes 2 are needed)
- 3 large stalks of celery (Chop the celery leaves up and through them in as well)
- 3 large carrots
- 1 large onion
- 2 large cloves of fresh garlic
- 1 tsp. garlic powder
- 2 tsp. salt
- 1/4 tsp. tarragon
- 1/2 tsp. marjoram
- 1 tsp. rosemary (Grind it up in your hand before dropping it into the pot)Some Fresh Ground Black Pepper)
Semolina Pasta Dough Ingredients:
- 2 cups semolina flour (You might have to get this at a specialty shop. Or you can get your Semolina Flour online)
- 2 large eggs
- 3 tbsp. olive oil
- 3 tbsp. warm water
- 1-1/2 tbsp. of chopped fresh parsley
- 1 tbsp. of Parmesan
- 3/4 tsp. salt
- Course ground black pepper
See below for VERY detailed recipe instructions
How to make the Homemade Semolina Pasta.
(You need to do this first because you want the pasta to have time to dry properly. You could even do this the night before making the soup.)
Pour the Semolina flour onto a clean counter and then make a well. Add 2 large eggs. Slowly mix with a fork, gradually adding more flour to the egg.
After it's mix well with the eggs, add some olive oil, warm water, salt, parsley, Parmesan cheese and ground black pepper using measures mentioned above. You will eventually add all the olive oil and water as you go. Start with 1 Tbsp. of each then start kneading the dough like you would knead bread dough. Add another Tbsp. of olive oil and water, knead some more. Then add one more Tbsp. of olive oil and water and knead some more. The amount of oil and water might very a little bit. You are shooting for a nice elastic consistency. When you are done kneading the dough it should almost feel dry and a little rough. Note: This dough is going to feel very tough as you are kneading it; this is why you will be slowly adding in the olive oil and water.
Break up the dough into five small dough balls and let them sit on the counter to dry. I usually make the pasta dough first so it has time to dry. You want the pasta dough to dry because you will be grating the pasta with a grater. It's easier when the pasta dough is hard when you are grating it so instead of making one large dough ball to dry, I make several small dough balls so the pasta dries faster throughout. This will make the grating process much easier.
After the past dough balls have been sitting on the counter for about 30 minutes or so. (I'm assuming you have been working on the soup while these are drying). Work with the dough balls again, knead them a bit and get them a little soft again, form them back into balls and let sit on the counter to dry some more.
The soup usually takes about 2-1/2 hours or so to cook so the pasta has a good amount of time to dry out a bit. Note: One thing I like to do with the pasta is make it the day before you make the soup. Go through the whole process of making the pasta dough and letting it sit out on the counter to dry as described about, then after 2 hours or so, wrap the pasta dough balls with plastic wrap and place them in the fridge. Take them out the next day a grate the pasta onto a large cutting board. Spread out the pasta and let dry for a while. (30 minutes or so is fine).
After you have grated the pasta dough you will add it to the pot during the last 3 minutes of cooking the soup. So when the soup is done and is tasting great, at that time you will add the fresh grated pasta to the soup and cook for 3 minutes and then serve soup. Note: When you use a grater to grate the pasta make sure you use the side with the largest holes. You can check out the photos to see what I use to grate the pasta. After you have grated all the pasta, spread it all out on a large cutting board or on wax paper that is spread out on the table so it can dry some more in it's grated state.
Special Note:
This Semolina Pasta Dough Recipe usually makes too much for the soup. Better to have too much than not enough. You have to make a judgment call about how much of the Semolina to add to your soup. You don't want too much pasta in the soup or it will take over the soup and over power the chicken and the broth. So you want to make sure you have a good amount of broth left after adding the pasta. Personally I like a lot of this wonderful homemade Semolina Pasta added to the soup, but if you add too much it's going to be a mushy mess and you will have to dig through all the pasta just to find some yummy chicken! You can always take the leftover pasta you don't use and cook it later and add olive oil and Parmesan cheese and some fresh chopped parsley. YUM! Great snack!
How to make the Malenban Soup (Chicken Soup Recipe)
Wash chicken, remove guts (insides) of chicken and throw away. Make sure you keep the skin on. Wash the inside and outside of chicken. Place chicken in a large pot, preferably a large pot that has a nice thick bottom. Add water (enough to cover chicken). Bring water to boil. Once it reaches a rapid boil, bring temperature down to a low boil. (Low boil, means almost not boiling).
Add a Bay Leaf, Chicken bouillon, Large Stalks of Celery, Large Carrots, Onion, Large Cloves of Fresh Garlic, Garlic Powder, Salt, Tarragon, Marjoram, Rosemary, Ground black pepper as measured above. Stir the pot well after adding each item listed above.
You will know when the chicken has been cooked enough when you see the meat falling off the bone when you stir the pot or rotate the chicken. Oh yeah, every 15 minutes or so rotate the chicken and be sure to keep stirring the soup throughout the entire cooking process about every 5 minutes or so. Note: The chicken is usually cooked enough after about 1-1/2 hours of cooking in the pot at a slow boil. This will very depending on size of pot, size of chicken and how much water was used to just cover the chicken.
Once the chicken is tender and falling off the bone (This usually starts happening with the legs), you will want to carefully remove the chicken from the pot and other pieces that fall off and place it on a large chopping block. Be sure to search through the soup for any bones that may have fallen off the chicken and remove them from the soup or else your guests will get a crunchy surprise. Sometimes the legs will fall off into the soup. Once all of the chicken (And any loose bones) are out of the pot, you need to start separating the good meet from the fatty nasty parts. Take your time going through all the meat on the chicken creating a pile of good meat. Make sure the soup is still cooking at this point. Once you have all the good chicken meat separated out (Fat, Cartilage, Bones, etc… removed), you need to cut up the chicken into small byte-sized pieces. Check the photos to see the size I cut the chicken pieces into.
Important Note:
Depending on the size of your pot and the chicken itself, your soup (or broth) might still be watery. If it is, cook it some more at a slow boil to condense it some more. At this point you can also throw in another chicken bouillon and stir while letting it dissolve. Let the broth cook a while at a slow boil until it gets to a point were it does not taste watery. I usually cook the broth without the chicken for about another 30 – 45 minutes or so. I also usually have to add the second chicken bouillon as well, because of the large pot I like to use. Note: You may need to spoon out some extra grease if you see it pooling on top while the soup is cooking without the chicken. I taste until I know it's perfect. As grandma Salerno used to say… "You put, you taste, you put some more and you just know when it's done!" … You will just know! You also need to make sure that the carrot chunks are soft enough to easily cut in half with the side of the wooden spoon. At this point you will take the good chicken that you separated out and place it into the pot. Stir and let cook for another 5 minutes. You do not want to over cook the chicken because it will start to become tough.
Very important last step! Put in the fresh grated pasta and cook for 3 minutes and serve right away. The fresh Semolina pasta is what makes this soup so special! I also like to add a lot of fresh grated Parmesan on the soup before eating.
That's it! You're done….. Easy as Pie!
Historical Note: I was having problems trying to find any information on the proper spelling of Malenban Soup or even the mention of that name. This is what my family has called the soup since Grandma was in Italy. So I had to ask a few relatives about this one. This is the history I have on this wonderful soup so far.
In the 12th century (1194-1250) Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick the II who was of German descent ruled over Bisgelia in the province of Barre. He built a castle called "Castel Del Monte (castle of the mount)" (castle of the mountain)
The Germans prepare a dish called "spaetzle" which is a noodle . The shape of the spaetzle resembles the pasta we make from the Semolina flour which we call "malenban". I am still not sure of the spelling. Leon believes the Italians put their own spin on the spaetzle and it became what we now know as malenban.
There you have it. History about this soup from the family. What I find interesting is that my grandmother was from south Italy (Bisceglie, Italy) and the origins of this soup was from Germany and north Italy and made it's impact all the way down to south Italy. Just amazing!
Update: I just had a wonderful email conversation with a guy named Vito from the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn, NY who's mother is from the same town in Italy my grandmother and grandfather are from! He said their family called this soup Molingband and eventually jokingly used to call it Marlon Brando soup. Vito is the first person outside of my family who has heard of this soup under the name of Malonbon or variations thereof.
Another Update: I have now heard from a handful of people who know this soup by the name of "Malonbon soup" and all of them have family from the Bari, Italy area. Seems this was a very local recipe.
And we have another update! 🙂 I just heard from a visitor who has family from Naples and they called this recipe "Malenbanza"! Yay, OK so I have now officially have heard three names for this soup! Melonbon, Molingband and Malenbanza.
Another update!!! The secrets are being revealed. YaY! I'm very excited about this. I was talking to Guido with Nonnabox about the pasta used in this recipe. I figured because he has this very cool "Ultimate list of Pasta Shapes" on his website that he just might know something about this. I was trying to get more information about the origin of this particular semolina pasta. Guido asked his friend Daniela Giordano about this and here is here wonderful answer.
"The pasta is called "u Molbann" or "semola battuta" – the dish is broth (beef, chicken or vegetable) with pasta made out or semolina (durum wheat semolina), eggs, grated parmigiano, parsley which is kneaded with the same broth. Then you let it rest for about half an hour covered and then cut it in small pieces, and then again in small pieces just like you do with the parsley. The recipe changes very little from area to area, is basically the same." This is exciting because now I know why my family called this recipe "Molbann" soup, a little lost in translation we actually called if Melonbon soup. Now I know how to pronounce it and why the name. Wonderful! Here is a photo that Daniela Giordano of the "u Molbann pasta" she makes."
I like her method with the chopping, going to try that. My grandmother used the grater, I'm sue just to save time. This is a big mystery that has been revealed, glad to finally know 🙂
Another important update:
This is from a close friend of my Mom's which was a result of me sending my Mom one of the comments below and she send the comment to her friend and this was the detailed response with some more important history in regards to this wonderful soup recipe.
Rae, If you want to know why or how Molonband is a soup that's from Biseglia then I will explain. During my many visits and stays in Bisceglia I visited the "Castel del Monte" which is a octagonal shaped castle about 10 Kilometers(miles) west of Bisceglia built by Frederick Hohenstaufen or Frederick the Great around the 13th. Century. During this period, this whole area of Puglia which includes Biseglia was introduced to German cuisine. If you travel north of Italy to Austria and Germany you will find a similar product being served in restaurants and sold in food stores call Spatzel.. You may find it in some of our own food stores here in this country. I hope this answers the mystery of our beloved Bisegliese soup, Molonband. "L"
Chicken Soup with Semolina Pasta Recipe Photo Gallery


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Concealed Carry Class Bob's Sport Shop April 1st 9:30am-1:30pm
Please register and pay in advance.
*Register with your complete name as it appears on your driver's license (First Middle and Last).
Download and/or print the below documents.
– SP-248 Concealed Handgun Permit Application Rev 07-01-2021 (virginia.gov)
– Cuccinelli, Attorney General letter to Newman May 25, 2012
If it appears you have been drinking or using marijuana you will be asked to leave the class. No refunds!
Due to Covid-19 We are limiting our class size. You must Register and Pay in advance. This is to combat the spread of the corona virus in our region. Thank you for your cooperation. Please arrive 15 minutes prior to the start of class.
Concealed Carry Handgun Permit Class. $75 per person.
Consistently rated as a WOW experience.
CONCEALED Carry Class "Can You Survive 3 Seconds?"
Basic & Advanced One fast paced interactive class!
How to make a Life Saving Decision Quickly!
Exceeds State requirements for your Concealed Handgun Permit in a
Relaxed Classroom Environment! (One 4 hr. class)
No Gun, No Shooting, No Test!!
S.W.A.T. Veteran for Instructors
Park in front of the white building under the billboard or in the back of the Wendy's parking lot by the trees.
Please register with the name you used on your Driver's license.
Feel free to bring food and beverages.
*Please let us know if you are unable to attend. Class size is limited
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COVID 19 RELEASE & HOLD HARMLESS AGREEMENT: By registering and attending a TAC-Solutions class you acknowledge that there is an unknown risk of exposure to COVID 19 through exposure to contaminated objects, as well as through personal contact. Such exposure carries with it a certain degree of risk that could result in illness, disability or death. You agree to release and hold harmless TAC-Solutions, its employees, officers, and vendors from and against all claims of damages and liability resulting from exposure to COVID 19. Registrants also warrant they are abiding by their state/locality laws regarding COVID 19 restrictions.


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Hopefully I will get a couple of minutes time to walk today as the exercise will be much needed after all the food.
My talk last night in Clearwater was very well attended, half the people there raising their hand when asked how many of the more than 80 present had come after hearing me on the fabulous alternative local WMNF radio station.
Half the crowd literally stayed around for one hour after the talk and had to be thrown out of the church and when I finally left at least 25 were still buzzing around under the awning outside the church. It reminded me of a scene from the movie Reds (Warren Beatty) right before the Russian revolution when people were out on the streets arguing politics in the dead of winter, huddled around fires.
The people were alive and very outraged at both parties and the corporate dominated media.
My host for the talk, Samm Simpson, is running for Congress again and is a real leader.


text: My interactions with space...and its various moods..This album showcases various sunsets from roof or balcony. You will also find some of my sky photographs dealing with the blues and the white clouds.Sunsets are my favorite time of the day. the whole western horizon draped in the shy light adds a mysteriously romantic aura to the atmosphere. There are also some close up pics of the moon!!Read More


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You can visit our worldwide website for our globally available teaching resources, or visit our local website for for products, events and materials for your area.
Please choose below:
First Edition
Lesley Koustaff, Susan Rivers, Kathleen Kampa, Charles Vilina, Kenna Bourke
Winner – The British Council ELTons 2015 – Excellence in Course Innovation
First place book, Ancillary, School Publishing: Book Industry Guild of New York Design Awards 2014
First place cover, Ancillary series, School Publishing: Book Industry Guild of New York Design Awards 2014
Using an inquiry-based approach to learning, Oxford Discover develops the communication skills and thinking skills students need for success in the 21st century.
- Language Level: Beginner to Elementary (A1 - B2)
Who are your family and friends? Where can we see colors? How can we make music?
Oxford Discover uses Big Questions such as these to tap into students' natural curiosity. It enables them to ask their own questions, find their own answers, and explore the world around them.
This approach to language learning and literacy, supported by a controlled grammar and skills syllabus, helps students achieve near-native fluency in English.
Oxford Discover gives teachers the tools to develop children's 21st century skills, creating young thinkers with great futures.
Use with Show and Tell as part of 9-level course.
- Student Book
- Workbook with Online Practice
- Integrated Teaching Toolkit
- Big Question DVD
- Class Audio CDs
- Picture Cards
- Poster Pack
- Classroom Presentation Tool
- Oxford Discover Writing and Spelling
- Oxford Discover Grammar
- Parent website
- Teacher website
Key features
- Unique methodology which combines a native speaker approach of inquiry-based learning with a controlled grammar and skills syllabus
- Big Questions linked to school subjects form the basis of every unit
- Authentic fiction and non-fiction texts on every topic provide different views on the Big Question
- Video clips provide an introduction to each Big Question, helping students activate prior knowledge
- Teaching tools such as the Big Question Chart support students in the development of critical thinking skills
- Online practice links the class to the home
- Oxford Discover Grammar, and Oxford Discover Writing and Spelling provide additional practice opportunities
- Cambridge Young Learners English Test linked vocabulary syllabus
- Cambridge ESOL style activities
Read more...
Would you like your students to be more involved in class? Oxford Discover uses inquiry-based learning to tap into students' natural curiosity. This approach enables them to ask their own questions, find their own answers and explore the world around them.
How are seasons different? Why do we need plants? What do different cultures give to the world?
Every pair of units starts with a Big Question like these. Each one is linked to a school subject – social studies, art, science, math, or music.
A big picture and video introduce the topic and the Big Question. Students then answer supporting questions that encourage them to think about the topic and the Big Question more deeply. Next, a Big Question Chart asks students to assess what they know and what they want to know.
As students continue, they discover many answers to the Big Question. They read authentic fiction and nonfiction texts that offer different views on the topic. Summative projects let students gather together what they have learned and present it in a creative way. Finally, students write what they have learned on the Big Question Chart.
A controlled vocabulary and grammar syllabus gives students the language support they need to explore and discuss each topic and Big Question. Oxford Discover builds strong communication skills as students listen, speak, read, and write throughout each unit.
All the way through, students develop the important skills of critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration throughout each unit, preparing them for the demands of the 21st century.
Oxford Discover gives teachers the tools they need to create young thinkers with great futures.
"This school year, we've been using the Oxford Discover series in primary and we are positive we made the right decision. Teachers, parents and students love the material."
Miss Brenda Méndez, Colegio Benedictino, Mexico
"When I have used other coursebooks, it has been very difficult to get my students to talk and write based on the things they learned. It is much easier with Oxford Discover."
Ms Seojung Kim, Yooseok Elementary School, Korea
"The videos are a good way to introduce the topic. I have noticed that students in a natural way start talking about what they already know and what they want to know.
My students share their projects with the class. They really enjoy it. At the beginning they would get nervous or shy, but now I can tell they really enjoy sharing their work."
Miss Martha Grajeda, Colegio Leonardo Da Vinci, Mexico
21st C Skills
These are the skills students need for great futures. Oxford Discover gives teachers the tools to develop students':
Critical thinking:
A lot of schools and teachers want to bring critical thinking into their teaching. How do you do this?
What do students need in order to really communicate and express themselves?
Would you like support in managing pair work and group work in your classroom?
What kinds of projects would make your parents, students, and teachers proud? How do you encourage creativity?
The Integrated Teachers Toolkit and available support from Oxford gives teachers all they need to develop these 21st century skills with confidence. Learn more here.
Teaching Kit
Big Question DVD – This provides an introduction to each topic, stimulating students to think about the Big Question.
Assessment for Learning CD-ROM – This allows teachers to monitor and evaluate student progress in a range of ways:
- Continuous assessment
- Self-assessment
- Formal testing
These additional resources ensure that teachers have all the support they need when using Oxford Discover, to create young thinkers with great futures.
Online Practice
Make homework more motivating with Online Practice: an interactive homework system which provides extra activities that link to every lesson in Oxford Discover:
- Students get interactive extra practice in the four key skills.
- Parents can support their children and view their progress online.
- Online homework is scored and recorded automatically.


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How Do Asthma Medicines Work?
How Does Asthma Affect the Airways?
People with asthma have trouble breathing. Everyday stuff, like animal dander or cigarette smoke, can make it worse and trigger a flare-up. A flare-up makes it hard for air to get in and out of the lungs. Airways fill with mucus and the muscles around the airways can tighten up too.
Luckily, medicine can help. The two different types of medicines used to treat asthma are long-term control medicines and quick-relief medicines.
What Is Long-Term Control Medicine?
Long-term control medicine decreases overall airway swelling and mucus. This medicine works over a long period of time to help heal the airways and prevent asthma symptoms. For that reason, they're sometimes also called "controller" or "maintenance" medicines. They may be inhaled or taken as a pill or liquid.
Long-term control medicines should be taken regularly, even if you're feeling fine. Taken properly, they'll decrease the number of flare-ups you have.
The most common long-term control medicines are called inhaled corticosteroids (pronounced: kor-tih-ko-STAIR-oyds). Although they have "steroid" in the name, they are not the same thing as performance-enhancing steroids — they work only in your lungs. Corticosteroids are a safe and proven treatment for asthma.
What Is Quick-Relief Medicine?
Quick-relief medicine immediately loosens the muscles around the airways. That opens up the airways and makes it easier to breathe.
Quick-relief medicines are also called "fast-acting" or "rescue" medicines. They're usually breathed straight into the lungs to relieve wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, often within minutes. The most common quick-relief medication is a quick-acting bronchodilator (pronounced: brahn-ko-dye-LAY-tur).
How Do These Medicines Work Together?
Quick-relief medicines are important during a flare-up because they help you breathe more easily right away. If your doctor has prescribed quick-relief medicine, you should always have it with you — at school, on the basketball court, at the mall, and even on vacation.
But quick-relief medicines wear off quickly. And they don't do anything to help prevent a flare-up from happening in the first place. That's where long-term control medicine comes in. You might not notice long-term control medicine doing anything, but it's working behind the scenes to keep you from getting asthma flare-ups.
As the name suggests, long-term control medicine is important for controlling asthma on a regular basis. If your doctor thinks you're needing quick-relief medicine too often, he or she might also prescribe long-term control medicine.
Some people with mild asthma use only quick-relief medicines. Most people who have more severe asthma have to take long-term control medicine every day, as well as use quick-relief medicine when they have asthma symptoms. Your doctor will decide what type of medicine you need and how often you need to take it.


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Ceramic Table-Mounted Wash Basin
Item MRP: ₹8,650
Item Code: 1725
Ceramic Wash Basin.
Can be Table Mounted
Size: 655 x 410 x 120 mm
Color: White
Ceramic Wash Basin.
-> Installation Type: Table Mounted.
-> Dimensions: 655 x 410 x 120 mm
Since washbasins are the most habitually used items in the bathroom, we aim to combine maximum functionality with unmatched design aesthetics to suit your interior design.
Our White Ceramic washbasin collection spans over 100 designs which include table-mounted washbasins, wall-mounted washbasins, semi-counter washbasins, and under-counter washbasins. There are numerous shape and size options that open up limitless design scope, from compact city bathrooms to large villa bathrooms.
This product carries a 10-Year Warranty.
-> View Detailed Warranty Information
-> Care & Maintenance Guide
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Post by: Kim Stephens
Collaboration platforms for emergency response organizations are generally designed to accomplish one or more of the following: 1. Provide a common operating picture/situational awareness; 2. Provide a means to determine the deployment of resources in order to prevent duplication of effort; and 3. To provide a means to aggregate data into a format that enables real-time analysis. In Alabama, they are adding a couple more endeavors to that list, including providing accurate and timely information to, and eventually from the public.
Innovation happens for a reason, either you have a specific problem that needs to be addressed and/or you have to a champion or a "sparkplug" who pushes the cause. Virtual Alabama (click the link to watch a great 3 min. video) was first initiated in October of 2005 at the request of the Governor. The Alabama Department of Homeland Security's website describes the project as one that was "initiated… to access new technologies in 3D visualization. At the request of Governor Bob Riley, AL DHS began exploring and identifying ways to leverage existing state asset imagery and infrastructure data into a visualization tool that is affordable, scalable, maintainable, and capable of employing the power of existing and evolving internet based applications. As a result, the Virtual Alabama program was created." It was built using a customizable/enterprise version of Google Earth that allows for the inclusion of data overlays. The data can include block by block information such as location of fire hydrants all the way up to flood-plain visualization.
The system spurred Virtual Louisiana and led to the creation of Virtual USA, yet the Alabamans have not rested on their laurels. What they have come to understand is that although this information was available to first responders, there needed to be a way for the public to have access. To address this concern they are about to roll out a "portal based environment" designed for public access which will even be available as a mobile application. The end-goal is to have a single interface where private business information, critical to citizens during a crisis, is available:
- data from gas-stations (e.g. whether of not they are out of fuel)
- hotel capacity and pet policy information
- available kennels and veterinarians
- grocery stores information, etc.
They are also considering how they will integrate situational awareness information provided by the citizens, such as video or pictures from the scene of a disaster. The opportunity to include eyewitness accounts is appealing, but has to be understood within the context of the policy limitations of a Government agency; this has led to the development of a computer "filter" that would be able to recognize things such as nudity or graphic imagery not suitable for public distribution. I'm not sure when this feature will be implemented, but the public app is in the vulnerability testing phase and should be available the first part of December.
Alabama also has been innovative in its proactive use of technology volunteers. Recognizing that its much more expensive to clean up after a severed gas-line than it is to map it in the fist place, they have enlisted the help of the Auburn University GIS students to plot GPS coordinates of utility lines along the coast. This data would be available to heavy equipment operators after a hurricane, for example, through either a mobile app on a smart phone, or on a mobile computer. Since the data already exist on the platform it can be used offline, another great feature.
Students in the Auburn Management Information Systems' Department also were enlisted by AL DHS to help with a "report suspicious activity" feature available on the new citizen portal, also available as a mobile application. Taken from the Department of Homeland Security's "see something, say something" campaign, this feature will allow citizens to upload video, pics or information to a "government eyes-only" law enforcement site. This takes citizen "tips" line to a whole new level.
I look forward to seeing all of these new feature available to the citizens of Alabama. Let's hope other states are watching and learning.
Thanks to Shane Hammett , the Virtual Alabama Team Leader for the information. Questions can be directed to Alabama's Criminal Justice Information Center.


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Antique bed.[1]
Beside a bed he gladly said,
His prayers years ago,
Or knelt
In prayer very near there
At a chest three feet long or so.[2]
A dark room.[3]
In a room his soul to groom,
He went alone in student years.
Dim den,
That praying place to seek God's face,
With voice and silent tears.
A new floor.[4]
A concrete floor and nothing more
He paced and prayed and praised.
Satellites, revealed answers sealed;
His prayers with arms upraised.
Southern woods.[5]
Piney woods testified the goods
His inmost man possessed.
In path,
Calmly praying, trees heard him saying,
"Thank You" for meeting needs confessed.
Old school ground.[6]
Abandoned ground his heart next found;
And paths that lay beyond.
Night, Day,
In mattered not, quiet he sought,
Memories of triumphs were fond.
White solitude, cool latitude,
It really doesn't matter…at all.
Pleas, a song (off far from the throng)
To problems gigantic and tall.
[1] Bed at home near Rushville, Ohio as a child.
[2] This would be the cedar chest Dad built when he was 17.
[3] The dingy old Men's Prayer Room at God's Bible School.
[4] The (then) new tabernacle (now CEC) at Hobe Sound.
[5] The piney woods behind our house on James Street.
[6] The land west of the old Public School in Paris, Ohio.
[7] The back lot (and park near the house) in Akron.


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Unpaid internships are available at the Basque Museum & Cultural Center year-round. College credits can be earned and depend on the number of hours worked at the museum. Typical projects include collections work with artifacts, helping with exhibits, language translations, etc. Typically these positions are only open to upper level students but exceptions can be made based upon exceptional academic performance.
If you are interested in having an internship at the Basque Museum please send an email to email@example.com or call 343-1848.