text:
There is no particular order to these FAQs. Use your browser's "Find in this page" facility to search for keywords.
See the Using Forrest guide.
You have a local copy of the main documentation with your version of Forrest. Do 'cd site-author; forrest run' and visit http://localhost:8888/ in your browser. The most recent documentation is in SVN trunk which creates the forrest.apache.org website.
Each plugin has its own documentation and working examples of its techniques.
The example seed site has other documentation and working examples of various techniques. Do 'cd my-new-directory; forrest seed-sample; forrest run'. Every hour the forrestbot generates a static version of this documentation on our testing zone.
Forrest includes everything necessary to build and run, except of course for Java. In addition to all the Cocoon JARs, Forrest includes and uses its own version of Apache Ant.
Java 1.4 (or newer) is required. If you are only going to use Forrest as-is then you need only the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). If you intend to enhance and rebuild Forrest (or use the Forrest sources with Subversion or use a source snapshot) then you need the full JDK.
Forrest switched from a CVS code repository to SVN (Subversion) code repository. The old CVS repository is closed and not kept current.
Follow these Building Forrest notes.
The Using Forrest guide provides further step-by-step assistance in getting started with Forrest for your project.
Sometimes one does not want to use the most recent functionality of a plugin and instead need to use an older version. Information about changes to each plugin can be found in its documentation.
In the forrest.properties file, specify the version of the plugin that you require, e.g.
Users of Forrest-0.7 will need to do this for the projectInfo plugin if you get the following error ...
... then sorry, we mistakenly added new "locationmap" functionality (due in version 0.8). So do this ...
There is a trick that can cut down your turnaround time with building. In forrest.properties ...
Uncomment that and set it to the specific page that you want. Forrest will build that single document, then of course it will keep crawling links from there. It might be confined to a sub-directory, but depending on links could end up generating the whole site. The main thing is that your page of interest is built first.
It is probably easiest to make this change temporarily as a command-line parameter, e.g.
You can terminate forrest with 'kill' or Ctrl-C after it has built your pages of interest.
Cocoon can be instructed via the Cocoon cli.xconf file to not follow links (see its "follow-links" parameter). So this will build only the document that was specified. Be careful, if you also usually build PDF pages, then they will not be built.
Cocoon can also be instructed to not process certain URIs if you need to temporarily exclude then.
Another useful technique is to use 'wget' or Apache Ant's Get task to retrieve individual files, e.g. Do 'forrest run' and then 'wget http://localhost:8888/index.pdf'.
./build.sh in cygwin, I get an error:
*** can't create title mutex, Win32 error 6.
This appears to be a bug in cygwin. Please use the .bat script instead.
There are two ways to control this. If you get an OutOfMemoryError when Cocoon is generating pages, see the first paragraph. If you get an OutOfMemoryError when outside of Cocoon (e.g., copying raw files), see the second paragraph.
maxmemory property in the
forrest.properties file controls how much memory Cocoon
uses. Like many other properties you can copy them from the default
configuration at
Set the
ANT_OPTS environment variable before you run
forrest. The exact value you set it to is dependant on your JVM, but
something like
ANT_OPTS=-Xmx500M will probably work.
forrest.jvmargs property in the
forrest.properties file can be used to start forrest in
debug mode on a specific port.
If you are using the Apache Forrest XML document format or DocBook or other XML document types, then you can use any text editor or even a dedicated XML editor. You must ensure valid XML. See our configuration notes for various editors.
There are content management systems like Apache Lenya.
Remember that Forrest can also use other source formats, such as OpenOffice.org docs or JSPWiki. Use the appropriate editor for those document types and ensure that the document stucture is consistent. Forrest can also use "html" as the source format, in which case you can use text editors or "html editors" such as the one provided with the Mozilla web browser.
site.xml configuration file for menus and linking.
site.xml configuration file is used for two different
purposes: defining the navigation menus, and as a method for defining
references to be used when linking between documents. This file is
fully explained in Menus and Linking.
Here is a precis:
The labels can be whatever text you want.
That will create a menu like this with three links:
These documents can be linked to from other documents, like this:
If that "docbook" entry was a unique name in your site.xml then you can shorten that latter link:
There are examples in the 'forrest seed site' and also the Forrest
website documents are included with the distribution (
forrest/site-author; forrest run).
Did you make a link to it? Forrest does not find documents by scanning the filesystem to find the source documents. Rather it starts at one document and crawls the links to find other documents to process.
There are essentially two ways to create links. Via a site.xml file to define the navigation and menu structure, or via direct relative linking. See the to previous FAQs.
Normally the source material will be local. The Forrest crawler does not follow and process off-site links. The new locationmap (0.8+) enables content to be drawn from remote sources.
Add the following entries to your site.xml file. Note that the href must be exactly "wholesite" or "site" which triggers a special match in the sitemap to aggregate all documents.
In this case the menu labeled "About" will have 2 new items: "Full PDF" and "Full HTML".
See also How to create a PDF document for each tab.
This assumes that you use the site.xml method for your site structure and navigation, rather than the old book.xml method.
Page breaks do not make a great deal of sense in HTML documents intended for display on a screen. However, PDF documents are intended for printing and therefore page breaks can be important.
To insert a page break in a PDF document simply add pageBreakBefore and/or pageBreakAfter to the class attribute of the block you wish to force a page break on. All the common block grouping elements support this class, for example, note, warning, p and so on.
If you want these classes to be processed in your HTML documents as
well you should add the following to the
element in your projects
You would override
and edit the "headers/authors" template.
Handling of raw files was significantly changed in Forrest 0.7. See Upgrading to Apache Forrest 0.7 for all the details.
Forrest uses Apache FOP for rendering PDFs. FOP cannot handle all image types natively, and requires third-party jars to be added. FOP natively handles BMP, GIF, JPG, TIFF and EPS (with a few limitations). FOP can also handle SVG (via Batik!and PNG (see below). For details, see FOP Graphics formats
To get PNGs working in PDFs with Jimi:
Alternatively you can use JAI (Java Advanced Imaging API at
http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jai). For more
info, see
Graphics Packages
tabs.xml, use @href instead of @dir, and omit the
trailing '/'. Which file to serve is then a concern of the sitemap.
For example, if the "User Manual" tab should link to
manual/Introduction.html then
should contain:
and add this rule to the sitemap:
See the tips.
http://myserver or
http://myserver/mydir/ ?
To change the default file name from 'index.html' (default) to 'overview.html' you need to make the following changes:
Forrest by default assumes that the first page (home page) of your site is named index.html. Which is good because most web servers are configured to look for index.html when you call a url like http://myserver
Like most settings in Forrest however this can be changed, for example when you want your start-up-page for a CD-based documentation project to be named 'start.html'.
To change the start page of a site:
Use the numeric values for character entities. For example, rather
than using
See the XHTML Character Entities and see more discussion at Issue FOR-244.
Yes, Forrest can process text in any language, so you can include:
This is because sources for Forrest docs are XML documents, which can include any of these, provided the encoding declared by the XML doc matches the actual encoding used in the file. For example if you declare the default encoding:
but the file content is actually using ISO-8859-1 then you will receive validation errors, especially if you include some non-ASCII characters.
This situation is commonly encountered when you edit the templates
created by
forrest seed with your favorite (probably
localized) editor without paying attention to the encoding, or when
you create a new file and simply copy the headers from another file.
Although UTF-8 is an encoding well-suited for most languages, it is
not usually the default in popular editors or systems. In UNIX-like
systems, most popular editors can handle different encodings to write
the file in disk. With some editors the encoding of the file is
preserved, while with others the default is used regardless of the
original encoding. In most cases the encoding used to write files can
be controlled by setting the environment variable
LANG to
an appropriate value, for instance:
Of course the appropriate way to set the encoding depends on
the editor/OS, but ultimately relys on the user preferences. So you
can use the encoding you prefer, as long as the
attribute of the XML declaration matches the actual encoding of the
file. This means that if you are not willing to abandon ISO-8859-1 you
can always use the following declaration instead:
Another option is to use "character entities" such as
(ö) or the numeric form
Another related issue is that your webserver needs to send http headers with the matching charset definitions to the html page.
Here are some references which explain further: GT2004 presentation by Torsten Schlabach and Alan Wood's Unicode resources.
A set of symbols is available. See the demonstration in a fresh
'forrest seed' site (at samples/xml-entities.html). For example, use
&myp-t;" to represent the project name together with
trademark symbol "My Project Name™". Avoid lengthy typing and
potential spelling errors.
By default Forrest does not clean its build directories in the project workspaces. This enables Cocoon to use its disk cache to speed up successive runs of forrest.
Doing 'forrest clean-site' will remove the contents of the project's generated documents directory. Doing 'forrest clean-work' will remove the project's work directories (usually build/tmp and build/webapp which include the Cocoon cache and the Cocoon logs). Doing 'forrest clean' will remove both sections.
The i18n features of Forrest are still under development (as of 0.7) however there are some features available. For example, navigation menus can be i18n'd (see fresh-site for an example). Currently, work is underway to i18n skins
All internationalistation of tokens in, for example, the skins and the menus, is carried out by the Cocoon i18n Transformer. You can see an example of how it works in the above linked issue.
To serve, for example a legacy HTML site, add something like the
following to your project's sitemap and place the source content at
src/documentation/content/xdocs/old_site/ directory.
Exactly what the match should be is dependant on your content structure. It is outside the scope of this FAQ to provide full details, but new users may like to refer to the Cocoon sitemap docs.
There is a more detailed discussion of this topic in the samples of a freshly seeded site. To see this documentation do the following:
Place various resources (e.g. javascript, css) into the "project skins" directory. The default forrest.properties has this at src/documentation/skins/$skin-name/ Javascript files would go in a "scripts" subdirectory. CSS files would go in a "css" subdirectory.
Then refer to those from your source documents with URIs like /skin/blah.js and /skin/foo.css
See how this is handled in the core sitemap called forrest/main/webapp/resources.xmap Search for "javascript" then follow to the <map:resource name="skin-read"> section.
Every site has an automatically generated document at
/linkmap.html which is produced from the site.xml
navigation configuration. It uses the @label and absolutized @href and
element name and @description attribute for each node.
For example, the Forrest project's Site Linkmap Table of Contents.
The document is also useful when developing your documentation and linking to other docs. The element names (column #2) e.g. href="site:mail-lists" or href="site:howto/overview"
This is also the document that 'forrest site' uses to kick-start the Cocoon crawler which then follows links to build each page. See the project.start-uri in the forrest.properties file.
Because we are based on Apache Cocoon, a lot of the functionality is provided behind-the-scenes, i.e. we use Cocoon's sitemaps and sitemap components such as XSLT transformers. So there is not much need for Java code in Forrest.
For Forrest developers who want to explore or enhance that code, see the Apache Cocoon SVN trunk. From time-to-time we update Forrest's packaged version of Cocoon and so can include your contributions.
That said, you will find some Java code in Forrest at main/java/... for Cocoon components that have been developed at Forrest, e.g. Locationmap and Dispatcher. There is also Java code for some plugins with specialised purpose, e.g. PhotoGallery.
Apache Cocoon has a sophisticated cache. When running Forrest in dynamic mode, the initial visitor will receive slower response. The very first page served will cause Cocoon to cache the pipelines. Later requests will re-use those cached components and add others to the cache. A good technique is to warm up the cache after the forrest webapp has been re-started. Requesting the front page alone will populate the cache with the common items used for other pages. Using a spider such as wget, will warm up everything.
The Cocoon cache and sitemaps can be tuned. See Cocoon Performance Tips and CocoonPerformance and the "Object Stores" section of main/webapp/WEB-INF/forrest-core.xconf
Responsiveness can be further enhanced by utilising a transparent proxy server, e.g. Apache HTTP Server as a frontend. See CocoonAndApacheModProxy.
You can configure the proxy in the
file. Set the
proxy.host and
You can also cross an authenticated proxy by setting the
proxy.user and
proxy.password accordingly.
files, you can do once in your
${user.home}/forrest.properties !
Forrest uses a configuration file to control the processing done by the Apache Cocoon command-line called cli.xconf
Your project can supply its own
cli.xconf and define
patterns for URIs to exclude. There are also other powerful
configuration features.
This means creating a directory
(or wherever
${forrest.conf-dir} points) and copying
$FORREST_HOME/main/webapp/WEB-INF/cli.xconf to it.
Declare the location of this file in the forrest.properties
configuration, e.g.
Then edit cli.xconf, and add any exclude sections that you require. The default cli.xconf ignores directory links and links containing 'apidocs' or starting with 'api/':
This is just an example, and you should modify it appropriately for your site.
foo/bar, but not
foo/bar/baz — use foo/** to match
This can be done by overriding the
cli.xconf Cocoon config file, and defining
patterns for URLs to exclude.
Certain patterns are claimed by the default sitemaps for special
processing. These reserved words include:
site, wholesite, changes, todo,
faq, images, my-images, skinconf, community, howto
Sometimes there are workarounds, e.g. faq.html or faq-interview.html would fail, but interview-faq.html would be fine. In future versions of Forrest we will attempt to deal with this issue (FOR-217).
Each time that Cocoon processes a link, it will report the status messages ...
If you are using JDK 1.4.0 or newer, you can enable headless
operation by running Forrest with the
parameter set to
-Djava.awt.headless=true, like this:
See also Cocoon FAQ.
In a 'forrest seed site' the project and the group logo are generated
from a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file, using the text from the
<project-name> and
elements of the
skinconf.xml file. If you have a long
project-name then you may need to adjust the width of the image.
Perhaps you want to change the colours too. Edit the file at
src/documentation/content/xdocs/images/project.svg and
adjust the "width" attribute of the <svg> element. For further
details see SVG
Notes are provided for various tools at Using Catalog Entity Resolver for local DTDs.
See Using Forrest for configuration guidance.
See Using Forrest for configuration guidance.
See XML validation.
There are default skins provided, which are configurable and so should meet the needs of most projects. The aim is to provide many capabilities so that extra skins are not needed.
See notes about configuration of the skins. Some projects may have special needs and can define their own skin.
First consider whether your needs would be better met by Cocoon itself, rather than Forrest.
That said, there are valid reasons for wanting programmatically generated content, so here is how to enable XSP:
Add the following generator definition in the map:generators section of your project sitemap
Decide how you want to use XSP. For single files, you could just define a *.xml matcher:
You may instead wish to override forrest.xmap to define a general mapping for XSPs.
See also the AddingXSPToForrest Wiki page.
forrest run listen on a different port?
forrest run -Dforrest.jvmargs="-Djetty.port=80"
Or copy Forrest's main/webapp/jettyconf.xml file to your project's
src/documentation directory and set the port number in that file. Then
forrest run
If you use an IDE like Eclipse and want to debug java code in Forrest
you need to start Forrest with debugging mode turned on. To do this
you need to add
-Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,susp end=n
to the
forrest.jvmargs property in the
forrest.properties file. Don't forget to ensure the
property is uncommented in that file.
Why might you want to do this? There is really no effect on Cocoon processing, but a little time can be saved on filesystem writes, which will accumulate to a big savings for a site with thousands of files.
Some tools depend on the "date-last-modified" timestamp of the generated files. For example, the Forrestbot will then deploy only the modified files.
There was some discussion about this on the Forrest developer mailing list: Cocoon Checksum Specifically note that this feature only stops Cocoon from writing to disk if the new file is the same as the existing file. Cocoon still spends the same amount of time generating the content as it would if checksums were not enabled.
Locate the
checksums-uri tag within cli.xconf and replace
the contents with an absolute path and filename for the checksums
file. Projects can supply their own (see FAQ:
Cocoon cli.xconf) or use the default
installation-wide cli.xconf file.
Certain patterns are claimed by the default sitemaps for special
processing. These include:
site, changes, todo, faq, images,
my-images, skinconf, community, howto
Sometimes there are workarounds, e.g. faq.html or faq-interview.html would fail, but interview-faq.html would be fine. In future versions of Forrest we will attempt to deal with this issue (FOR-217).
There are two ways. Forrest has a
plugin which can transform the DocBook format into the Forrest "xdocs"
format on-the-fly and then render that as normal Forrest documents. Be
aware that the stylesheet that does this transformation is
deliberately very limited and does not attempt to deal with all
DocBook elements.
The other way is to use the full DocBook stylesheets directly. The DocBook DTDs are shipped with Forrest and automatically handled. However, you will need to have the DocBook stylesheets on your system (they are too massive to ship with Forrest) and configure Forrest accordingly. You will need to create a project sitemap as explained in Using Forrest and add matches to handle your DocBook documents. Here is an example. Note that you need to change it to suit your situation. The match must be very specific so that only the DocBook documents are matched. The rest of the documents will be handled by Forrest core. Powerful regex capabilities are available.
You need to define the xhtml serializer used in <map:serialize
type="xhtml"/> in the components section of the sitemap. See the
docs for the elements you need to add to define this component.
You can see examples of other components being added in the
FORREST_HOME/main/webapp/sitemap.xmap file. Alternatively
use the "html" DocBook stylesheets and the default Cocoon serializer,
i.e. <map:serialize type="html"/>
The output of the above sitemap will be plain html not adorned with a Forrest theme and navigation. If instead you need the latter, then use the following technique instead. This transforms DocBook xml to html, then uses a Forrest core stylesheet to transform and serialize to the internal xml format, then the normal machinery takes over and does the output transformation. This use the Content Aware Pipelines (SourceTypeAction) to peek at the source xml. If it is DocBook-4.2 then this sitemap match is triggered, if not then it falls through to the core of Forrest.
You can also use a mixture of the methods, some handled automatically by Forrest and some directly using DocBook stylesheets. You can also have a mixture of source files as "document-v*" DTD and DocBook.
Ensure that the document type declaration in your XML instance is well specified. Use a public identifier. The DTD will then be properly resolved by Forrest. If you need to use different DTDs, then see Using Forrest for configuration guidance.
'forrest -projecthelp' or
'./build.sh' to
find the version number.
To list the properties, add "forrest.echo=true" to your
forrest.properties file and watch the build messages. Doing
'forrest -v' will provide verbose build messages.
The logfiles are at
The log level can be raised with the
configuration. If you are using Forrest in the interactive webapp mode
(which is generally easiest for debugging errors) then see the
main/webapp/WEB-INF/logkit.xconf file. If you are
generating a static site (with command-line 'forrest') then copy
$FORREST_HOME/main/webapp/WEB-INF/logkit.xconf to your
project at
src/documentation/conf/logkit.xconf and modify
it. See more information and efficiency tips with
'forrest -v' will provide verbose build messages to
the standard output.
Join one of the Forrest project mailing lists and tell us what you would like to see improved. We regard all feedback as valuable, particularly from newcomers—often, close proximity blinds software developers to faults that are obvious to everyone else. Don't be shy!
Please send all contributions via our issue tracker. Here are notes about making patches.
More info about contributing can be found at the Contributing to Forrest page. It is always a good idea to check the Forrest issue tracker before diving in.
Employers can send notices about employment opportunities. There is a special jobs<AT>apache.org mailing list. You can also send these notices to the project mailing lists, e.g. dev list at Forrest or Cocoon (add [jobs] to the subject line). You can also approach particular developers off-list. However only genuine jobs, not pleas for free support (see mailing lists).
Some enlightened employers enable their employees to contribute material which was created during work time using work-related resources. Please note the need to file a Corporate Contributor License Agreement (CCLA) with The Apache Software Foundation.


text: Foraminotomy Definition Foraminotomy is surgery that widens the opening in your back where nerve roots leave your spinal canal. You may have a narrowing of the nerve opening (foraminal stenosis). Alternative Names Intervertebral foramina; Spine surgery - foraminotomy Description Foraminotomy takes pressure off of a nerve in your spinal column. This reduces any pain you were having. Foraminotomy can be performed on any level of the spine. You will be asleep and feel no pain (general anesthesia).During surgery:You lie face down on the operating table. A cut (incision) is made in the middle of the back of your spine. The length of the incision depends on how much of your spinal column will be operated on.Skin, muscles, and ligaments are moved to the side. Your surgeon may use a surgical microscope to see inside your back.Some bone is cut or shaved away to open the nerve root opening (foramen). Any disk fragments are removed.Other bone may also be removed at the back of the vertebrae to make more room (laminotomy or laminectomy).The surgeon may do a spinal fusion to make sure your spinal column is stable after surgery.The muscles and other tissues are put back in place. The skin is sewn together. Why the Procedure Is Performed A bundle of nerves (nerve root) leaves your spinal cord through openings in your spinal column. These openings are called the neural foramena. When the openings for the nerve root become narrow, it can put pressure on your nerve. This condition is called foraminal spinal stenosis.This surgery may be considered if you have severe symptoms that interfere with your daily life. Symptoms include:Pain that may be felt in your thigh, calf, lower back, shoulder, arms or hands. The pain is often deep and steadyPain when doing certain activities or moving your body a certain wayNumbness, tingling, and muscle weakness Risks Risks of anesthesia and surgery in general are:Reactions to medicines or breathing problemsBleeding, blood clots, or infection Risks of foraminotomy are:BleedingInfection in wound or vertebral bonesDamage to a spinal nerve, causing weakness, pain, or loss of feelingPartial or no relief of pain after surgeryReturn of back pain in the futureThrombophlebitis Before the Procedure You will have an MRI to make sure foraminal stenosis is causing your symptoms.Tell your doctor or nurse what medicines you are taking. This includes medicines, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescription.During the days before the surgery:Prepare your home for when you leave the hospital after surgery.If you are a smoker, you need to stop. Your recovery will be slower and possibly not as good if you continue to smoke. Ask your doctor for help.Two weeks before surgery, your doctor or nurse may ask you to stop taking medicines that make it harder for your blood to clot. These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn).If you have diabetes, heart disease, or other medical problems, your surgeon will ask you to see your regular doctor.Talk with your doctor if you have been drinking a lot of alcohol.Ask your doctor which medicines you should still take on the day of the surgery.Let your doctor know right away if you get a cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or other illnesses.You may want to visit a physical therapist to learn exercises to do before surgery and to practice using crutches. On the day of the surgery:You will likely be asked not to drink or eat anything for 6 to 12 hours before the procedure.Take the medicines your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water.Bring your cane, walker, or wheelchair if you have one already. Also bring shoes with flat, nonskid soles.Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital. Be sure to arrive on time. After the Procedure You will likely wear a soft neck collar afterward if the surgery was on your neck. Most people are able to get out of bed and sit up within 2 hours after surgery. You will need to move your neck carefully.You should be able to leave the hospital the day after the surgery. Follow instructions on how to care for your wound and back at home. You should be able to drive within a week or two and resume light work after 4 weeks. Outlook (Prognosis) Foraminotomy for spinal foraminal stenosis will often provide full or some relief of symptoms.Future spine problems are possible for people after spine surgery. If you had foraminotomy and spinal fusion, the spinal column above and below the fusion could have problems in the future. You may have more of a chance of future problems if you needed more than one kind of procedure in addition to the foraminotomy (laminotomy, laminectomy, or spinal fusion). References Bell GR, Connolly ES. Laminotomy, laminectomy, laminoplasty, and foraminotomy. In: Benzel EC, ed. Spine Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 53. Patient Instructions Spine surgery - discharge Read More Diskectomy Laminectomy Low back pain - acute Low back pain - chronic Neck pain Sciatica Spinal fusion Spinal stenosis Taking care of your back at home

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I'm breaking my holiday hiatus today to talk about something important, and that's Mercury Retrograde. I've been a wee bit irritable today and I'm totally blaming Mercury. For those of you in the know, I imagine you're pursing your lips and nodding solemnly. #wewillgetthroughthis For those of you who have never heard of this, you…… Continue reading Mercury, WTF?: Mercury Retrograde and 10 Tips To Survive It
Tag: virgo
What Does "Moon Sign" and "Rising Sign" Mean?
Everyone knows their astrological sign. But did you know the sun sign assigned by your birthday is only part of your astrological story? The time and place you were born also has influence over you in this way. These are called your moon sign and rising signs. I didn't know much about these until maybe a year ago…… Continue reading What Does "Moon Sign" and "Rising Sign" Mean?


text:
以太坊块高度开奖(www.326681.com):Government direction on ESG firm
Green city - double exposure of lush green forest and modern skyscrapers windows以太坊块高度开奖(www.326681.com)采用以太坊区块链高度哈希值作为统计数据,以太坊块高度开奖(联博统计)数据开源、公平、无任何作弊可能性。联博统计免费提供API接口,支持多语言接入
The government has set a series of credible commitments towards attaining environmental, social and governance (ESG) goals.
Over the next three years, the government aims to deliver on renewable energy (RE) capacity of 31%, and 40% by 2035 in line with the Malaysia Renewable Energy Roadmap.
PwC Malaysia partner Nik Shahrizal Sulaiman.
By 2030, the government has also pledged various initiatives to be implemented on the three pillars of ESG, which are environmental, social and governance, reflecting its major commitment to achieve the national aspiration goals.
From the environmental perspective, Malaysia has vowed to reduce 45% of its economy-wide carbon intensity against its gross domestic product (GDP) in the next eight years.
Considering the social and governance factors of ESG, another key target the government has set is to eliminate forced labour practices.
It is worthy to note that its target to eradicate forced labour practices is not limited to the operations of local companies but also across the global supply chain.,
For labour practice improvements, Malaysia became the second country in Asean to formally ratify the International Labour Organisation (ILO) Protocol 29, a protocol that looks at forced labour convention.
In November last year, Malaysia also become a pathfinder country under the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Alliance 8.7- a global alliance to accelerate efforts to eradicate forced labour, modern slavery and child labour around the world.
These efforts signifies the government's commitment towards combating and eliminating all forms of forced labour in the country.
Ernst & Young Consulting Sdn Bhd Malaysia climate change and sustainability services leader and partner Arina Kok.
Furthermore, the country also plans to formulate the 'National Energy Policy' under the 12th Malaysia plan, in addition to conducting feasibility studies on carbon pricing, carbon tax and an emissions trading scheme.
This is also aligned with one of the key highlights of Budget 2022, whereby the formation of Malaysia's first voluntary carbon market (VCM) will be developed by Bursa Malaysia.
In the long run, Malaysia is also aiming to achieve net zero GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions by 2050.
It can be seen that with all these serious commitments, the government has played a key role to spearheading the ESG journey from a policy making perspective which then sets the right tone for the industry. However, the outcome of these commitments remains to be seen as some implementation requirements are still being developed.


text:
Girls Room Organization
Circle Cork Board
Here's a new project for my daughter's room. One of these days I'll finish all of the things I have planned for her. Then it'll be time to start the twins room!
She has so much stuff she wants to hang on her wall that the cork board I got her from Hobby Lobby just wasn't enough. So I came up with an idea for more! I'm not sure she could ever have too much room to hang all her drawings on.
Supplies needed:
Wooden Board (8×10 is what I used. I wouldn't use a canvas since it's not going to be as sturdy)
Circle Cork Pieces (From Michael's)
Paint & Paint Brushes
Glue Gun & Glue Sticks
Start by painting the board and the cork pieces. Make sure to get it on the sides and top. It is very porous so make sure you don't skimp on the amount of paint you use unless you plan on more than one coat.
Place the squares on the board and hot glue them to the board.
Now enjoy your adorable creation that perfectly matches your room! It's really that simple! This is one of those crafts that you don't have to be "crafty" to make it look amazing! My daughter was so excited to see this hanging in her room when she got home today!


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Toward the end of Day 2, I finally met Megan from Megan In Sainte Maxime in front of Nishane stand. Megan was such a lovely bubbly person. Wish we had more time to catch up! Originally I thought it shouldn't be difficult to find someone in the same building but I was so wrong. I was hoping to have some chat time with Jakub from Persefume and a few more perfume people as well but finding someone there turned out to be an impossible mission like trying to find a black cat in the moonless night.
After saying goodbye to everyone on Day 1 and Day 2, my Day 3 started with meeting Miya Shinma from Miya Shinma Parfums. I visited her stand at 10:30 and I guess I left there around 12:00-ish. It was great to have good chats about perfume in Japanese for a change. Miya was elegant and warm, and so were her perfumes. I needed to try Yuki (snow) since we share the same name and I was quite surprised by her interpretation of snow. Yuki was kind of snug and luminous at the same time, and I rather like its woody & musky drydown. All of Miya's creations reflect her feelings towards nature. Other favourites of mine were Tsubaki (Camellia) and Tsuki (Moon).
Next stop was Extrait d'Atelier. I instantly fell in love with the concept of this new brand. As the brand name suggests, perfumes by Extrait d'Atelier poetically illustrate the ateliers of craftsmen, and Chiara Ronzani certainly captured the essence of such workshops in 3 new releases: Maitre Chausseur, Maitre Couturier, and Maitre Joaillier. My favourite was Maitre Chausseur with comfortable incense and leather.
They didn't have anything new but I had a quick stop at Orlov to try a few I hadn't had a chance to sniff before. Star of the Season was truly gorgeous and it was the winner for me; a perfect combination of sandalwood, rose, iris, and vanilla. It definitely has a Dominique Ropion feel.
Anatole Lebreton was another new discovery (to me). He is a fascinating guy, not to mention his lovely smiles, he used to be on stage, selling imported tea, blogged about vintage perfumes, and then self taught himself to create perfumes. I tried all four of his line: Bois Lumière, L'Eau de Merzhin, L'Eau Scandaleuse, and the newest Incarnata. All of them are totally different to each other but have solid shared back bones – daring and artistic. One biggest aspect I really enjoyed about his creations was imageries his perfumes evoked – especially Bois Lumière. Honey is the dominant note in Bois Lumière but it doesn't give out sticky sweet vibes thanks to other aromatic notes. This, to me, was the smell of Spanish countryside in summer – hundreds of bees buzzing over wildflowers and the hot air carrying the smells of trees and browning grass baked in the scorching sun… It made me feel like doing oil painting again.
After visiting this relatively new perfume brand Anatole Lebreton (since 2014), I went back in time over 200 years and stopped at Rancé 1795 (yes, since 1795). Their classic and vintage looking bottles were so attractive and I expected their perfumes to be also vintage-ish. I was quite wrong. They smelled relatively current and contemporary in style – in good ways. I need to revisit some samples again soon.
Coming back from my little time travel, I embarked on a different kind of olfactory tour at Olibere. I visited Rome, Bali, Kuala-Lumpur, and Istanbul through their 5 perfumes: Il Mio Segreto, Balinesque, Escapade a Byzance, Midnight Spirit, and Paradis Lointains. Olibere created these perfumes in collaboration with Bertrand Duchaufour and Amelie Bourgeois, and each one is accompanied by a mini film. I was most taken to Balinesque as I liked its energising opening with ginger, orchid, cardamom, and bamboo. I also had a little sniff of the not-yet-released 6th perfume. This new one will be released in September coinciding with the Fragrance in Motion Awards during Milano Film Festival.
My next stop was M. Micallef. Last year's release Akowa was a great hit, and now they present a new perfume called Osaïto. The perfume was in a similar stylish bottle to Akowa, only in grey. The opening of Osaïto was bright with plenty of citrus, then slightly spicy herbal notes stepped forward. This would be rather nice in summer.
I dropped by Atelier Flou's stand. No new releases but recently they changed their bottle design.This new design was inspired by 19th century inkwells and the gold or silver latticework encasing the bottle looked pretty impressive. I have to admit, I was quite drawn to this decadent looking bottle. I own samples of women's line but never had the opportunity of trying men's line, so I decided to go through all five. I liked Amarcord most; it was spicy and incense-y.
Of course I had to visit Renegades. Three kings of the perfumedom — Mark Buxton, Geza Schoen, and Bertrand Duchaufour — contributed a perfume each to this project. Everything was different with Renegades; nameless perfumes and quirky bottles. OK, the bottles were not my cup of tea but the idea was fun. Unfortunately samples were all gone by the time I got there, so I had to sniff them out there and then. They all seemed to feature pink pepper but in different styles to each other. Hail the Master Perfumers.
Malbrum extended their eclectic line even further. Now on top of original three Psychotrope, Shameless Seducer, and Tigre Du Bengale, they added new Bagheera, Safariyah, and Wildfire. While I was listening to the hunk Creative Director Kristian Hilberg talking about the concept behind his perfume line, I was thinking that he looked kind of like a well polished version of Crocodile Dundee. No, I didn't mention it to him. This line strongly reflected his "air" and looks.
Bali is the island I would go back in a heartbeat. The little baskets of offerings were one of the first things I fell in love with while I was wandering around the streets of Bali. Une Nuit à Bali's 5th perfume Murmure des Dieux was these Balinese offerings in a bottle; gentle scents of frangipani, jasmine, some spices were entwined with a very noticeable rice note.
If you think Le Galion as a stylish and sophisticated older brother, Aether Parfums is a geeky, modern-day younger sibling. Aether is a contemporary perfume brand that uses synthetic molecules only. Among 5 of their new releases, surprisingly I rather liked Rose Alcane. It was an airy metallic rose.
Toward the end of the day, I had a pleasure of meeting Abderrazzak Benchaâbane from Les Parfums du Soleil. He is an ethnobotanist, a photographer, and a perfumer and I've been fascinated by him as a person since these are the fields I'm also into. He was a soft spoken gentleman in his signature hat and didn't look too comfortable being at Esxence. To be honest, his stand had a totally different air to the others. He didn't have anything new and had only one perfume on display – Soir de Marrakech. It was simply beautiful — not fussy, an unadorned beauty.
As it was getting close to the end of Esxence 2016, I headed for a few more stands for quick sniffing sessions before the show ended. I tried Atelier des Ors, Sammarco (I was quite taken to Ariel and Bond-T), Antonio Alessandria (classic and opulent; I liked Noir Obscur and the last year's release Fleurs et Flammes), Alchimista, Gri Gri, Cristinana Bellodi, and a few more but by this time, quite a few stands had already packed up and gone.
I decided to say goodbyes to Neela Vermeire, Nishane guys, Puredistance team, Tanja Bochnig,and other lovely perfume people I met in 3 days. I left The Mall with bagsfull of perfume samples and great scented memories.
The 8th Esxence is over and now a month has passed but I still haven't sorted out all the perfume samples I received in Milan. I guess I wasn't at all prepared for the numbers of exhibitors there.
To give you some ideas, here are the official statistics of Esxence:
* 7.083 people, including operators and visitors, attended this show from 5 continents.
* 206 brands showcased their products (+25% comparing to 2015), of which20 were skincare & cosmetic brands attending the second edition of Esxkin – The Excellence of Beauty.
* 75% of the total number were the exhibitors.
* Exhibiting brands came from 17 Countries (Italy, France, UK, Spain, Germany, USA, United Arab Emirates, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Norway, Morocco, Denmark, Ireland, Turkey, Qatar).
*…and they all gathered in this more than 6.000sqm of exhibiting area in Milan.
On top of above official numbers, I should also add my own as well:
* According to my notes, I sniffed at least 160 perfumes in 3 days (which exclude the ones I tried at Campomarzio 70 and other perfume stores). I say "at least" because my note-taking wasn't quite up-to-date.
* I sprayed only one perfume on my wrist at Esxence – which was Cierge de Lune.
* Brands I visited at Esxence were somewhere around 43 -46.
Well, I tell you, it was really an eye-opening experience.


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TemnospondyliJean-Sébastien Steyer and Michel Laurin
This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.
The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.
You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species.
For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see Interpreting the Tree or Classification. To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.close box
Temnospondyls are a very large and widespread extinct clade of stegocephalians. They are known from the Visean (Lower Carboniferous, about -340 m.y.) to the Lower Cretaceous (-120 m.y.) and have been found on all continents, from Greenland to Antarctica. More than twelve families are known, gathering about 90 genera (Milner, 1993).
Temnospondyls show a great diversity of forms, resembling large salamanders, crocodiles or gavials, with brevirostral (short-snouted; Fig. 1C) to longirostral (long-snouted) skulls (Fig. 1D). Their size ranges from about 20 cm to 3 m in length. Aquatic, semi-aquatic, amphibious or terrestrial, this opportunist group occupied a great range of ecological niches, especially during the Upper Carboniferous and the Lower Permian. From the Upper Permian to their demise in the Lower Cretaceous, temnospondyls are largely (if not entirely) restricted to aquatic habitats; i.e. they were found in fresh waters on continents and in the seas (Lindeman, 1991).
The skull of temnospondyls is triangular to parabolic, and it is often heavily ornamented (in large, mature individuals) with a polygonal pattern of ridges (Fig. 2) also found in many other early stegocephalians (baphetids, seymouriamorphs, captorhinid amniotes, etc.). This ornamentation indicates that the skin was tightly attached to the skull. Sensory-line grooves are visible on the skull of the adults (as well as juveniles) of several species (Fig. 2). This indicates a fully aquatic lifestyle of these taxa (at least some larvae had external gills, so they were also aquatic). Temnospondyls retained all the dermal bones found in most other groups of stegocephalians, with possible extra bones (such as an internasal, an interfrontal, an interparietal, etc.). These extra bones have been observed in numerous taxa, such as Eryops (Fig. 1B), some dissorophoids (Fig. 1C), and some triassic stereospondyls (Gubin, Novikov and Morales, 1997). The palate is pierced by a wide interpterygoidal fenestra (the most obvious autapomorphy of this group; Fig. 3B), and it retains large palatal tusks. The sharp, conical, numerous teeth, and the large palatal fangs of temnospondyls suggest that they were predators (carnivorous, insectivorous, piscivorous, or any combination thereof). Aquatic temnospondyls have been considered either as passive, benthic ambush predators, active nectonic predators, or surface hunters (Sennikov, 1996).
The skull of temnospondyls is emarginated posteriorly by an otic notch (also called a temporal emargination, or a squamosal notch). This structure (Fig. 2) has long been thought to have supported a tympanum (or ear drum) because a similar emargination in several extant taxa (urodeles, crocodilians, squamates, turtles) is associated with a tympanum (Bolt and Lombard, 1985). However, we now know that several early stegocephalians, including some early temnospondyls, retained a massive stapes that is incompatible with the presence of a functional tympanum (Clack, 1983, 1992; Godfrey, Fiorillo and Carroll, 1987). Therefore, it is likely that the first temnospondyls did not have a tympanum; whether or not it developed later in the group is still uncertain (Laurin, 1998a; Laurin and Soler-Gijón, 2006).
The vertebrae are 'rhachitomous' (with a large, ventral, crescentic intercentrum and a small, dorsal, paired pleurocentrum) to stereospondylous (without an ossified pleurocentrum, although this element may be retained in a cartilaginous state). These variations in vertebral pattern formed the basis of about seven different classifications proposed by various authors from Cope (1882) to Romer (1947). These classifications, only based on configurations of the vertebrae, have been abandoned by most systematists because: i) different types sometimes occur all along a same vertebral column; ii) some taxa show intermediate morphologies; iii) classifications based on various states of a single character usually include paraphyletic taxa; for instance, the rhachitomous configuration is primitive compared to the stereospondylous one, and it is perhaps primitive for stegocephalians (Laurin, 1998b).
Ontogeny and heterochrony in temnospondyls
Temnospondyls are the best documented early stegocephalian taxon in the fossil record. Extensive growth series have been recognized in numerous species of various taxa, such as Dendrerpetonidae (Milner, 1980), Eryopidae (Werneburg and Steyer, 1999), Archegosauridae (Werneburg and Steyer, 2000), Zatrachydidae (Boy, 1989), Branchiosauridae (Schoch, 1992; Boy, 1974), and Capitosauridae (Damiani and Warren, 1997). Even if metamorphosis has not been clearly proved in temnospondyls (Boy, 1974; Steyer, 1996), growth has been studied from larval to adult stages (Steyer et al., 2004). Developmental heterochronies have been highlighted in temnospondyls thanks to comparative ontogeny (Schoch, 1995; Steyer, 2000) and histology (Ricqlès, 1975). For example, ontogenetic processes leading to longirostry may be due to hypermorphosis of the skull, whereas those leading to brevirostry may be due to paedomorphosis (Ricqlès, 1975; Schoch, 1995; Steyer, 2000).
Various developmental characters, such as patterns of digit development (Fröbisch et al., 2007) and especially ossification sequences of cranial bones, have been compared between urodeles and branchiosaurs to assess the origin of extant amphibians. Although early studies on cranial sequences of ossifiction concluded that enough similarities were present between branchiosaurs and urodeles to suggest close affinities between both taxa (Schoch and Carroll, 2003), subsequent studies using more sophisticated approaches have concluded that these data did not support a temnospondyl origin of urodeles (Schoch, 2006; Germain and Laurin, 2009).
Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships
Temnospondyls have long played a prominent role in scenarios and theories on the origin of anurans (Carroll, 1988). Several authors have suggested that modern amphibians originated from within the Temnospondyli. Skulls of dissorophids (Fig. 3A, B) and branchiosaurs (Temnospondyli) have been compared with skulls of anurans and salamanders (Lissamphibia) to support the temnospondyl origin of lissamphibians (Watson, 1940; Bolt, 1969). The presence of bicuspid, pedicellate teeth in small, paedomorphic or immature temnospondyls (Fig. 3C) is probably the most convincing argument in favor of a temnospondyl origin of lissamphibians (Bolt, 1969).
Figure 3. Cranial anatomy of the juvenile or paedomorphic dissorophoid Doleserpeton, that has been thought to be closely related to lissamphibians. A. Dorsal view of the skull. B. Palatal view. Scale bar for A and B equals 1 mm. C. Bicuspid tooth (also found in lissamphibians). Scale bar equals 0.05 mm.
Drawings A and B reproduced with permission from Bolt (1969). Copyright © 1969 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Photograph C reproduced with permission from from Bolt (1977). Copyright © 1977 Society for Sedimentary Geology.
The presence of a tympanum has been inferred in at least some temnospondyls, and this has also been used to support the idea that temnospondyls included the closest known relatives of lissamphibians (Bolt and Lombard, 1985). However, among lissamphibians, only anurans have a tympanum, so this argument is not convincing because the tympanum has to be assumed to have been lost in urodeles and apodans (Laurin, 1998). Furthermore, recent computer-assisted phylogenetic analyses incorporating over 40 taxa and 150 characters (Laurin and Reisz, 1997; Laurin, 1998a) suggest that lissamphibians are more closely related to " lepospondyls " than to temnospondyls, and that temnospondyls represent a strictly extinct clade.
Because of their long association with the origin of lissamphibians (Cope, 1888), temnospondyls have long been considered as amphibians (Gadow, 1897), but they were initially considered as Reptiles (Jaeger, 1828). They have also been placed in the taxa Labyrinthodontia (named after the folded structure of the dentine; Burmeister, 1850) or Stegocephali (named after their heavy skull roof; Cope, 1868). A recent proposal is to gather them under a redefined Stegocephali (Laurin, 1998a).
A phylogeny of Mesozoic temnospondyls (including mostly stereospondyls) has been recently proposed (Yates and Warren, 2000). This study recognizes a monophyletic Stereospondyli that includes most (but not all) Mesozoic temnospondyls, and that became extinct (along with all other Temnospondyli) in the Lower Cretaceous. Previous studies had suggested multiple origins of Mesozoic temnospondyls among their Paleozoic relatives (Milner, 1990). Some recent phylogenetic analyses (Laurin and Reisz, 1997; Laurin, 1998a) have demonstrated the monophyly of temnospondyls. The phylogeny within temnospondyls has been studied by several authors (Milner and Sequeira, 1994, 1998; Yates and Warren, 2000; Steyer, 2000). Even if they did not include exactly the same terminal taxa and the same morphological characters, all these studies are congruent in their main conclusions, and have been summarized by the consensual tree (see above).
For a discussion of the apomorphies that support the phylogeny within Temnospondyli, see the linked page Phylogeny and Apomorphies of Temnospondyls.
Temnospondyli is a stem-based taxon including all choanates more closely related to Eryops than to amniotes (Laurin, 1998a). The proposition of de Queiroz and Gauthier (1992) of defining Temnospondyli as a stem-based taxon including all tetrapods more closely related to modern amphibians than to Amniota is rejected because the phylogeny of Laurin and Reisz (1997) suggests that this definition would exclude most genera that have been assigned to the Temnospondyli (Laurin, 1998a). Such a definition would also constitute a junior synonym of Amphibia, that had been thus defined (Gauthier et al., 1989).
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Werneburg, R. & J. S. Steyer. 2000. Redescription of the type species Cheliderpeton vranyi Fritsch 1877 (Amphibia, Temnospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Czech Republic (Bohemia). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, in press.
Yates, A. M. & A. A. Warren. 2000. The phylogeny of the 'higher' temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Stereospondyli. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128: 77-121.
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We thank Mr. Douglas Henderson, Dr. John Bolt, Dr. M. Véran, and Mr. D. Serrette for giving us permission to reproduce some illustrations (reconstruction of Eryops and Trimerorhachis, of Doleserpeton, and of Parotosaurus), and Dr. Katja Schulz for technical assistance.
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Michel Laurin
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Michel Laurin at
Page copyright © 2011 and Michel Laurin
All Rights Reserved.
- First online 11 December 2000
- Content changed 04 April 2009
Citing this page:
Steyer, Jean-Sébastien and Michel Laurin. 2009. Temnospondyli. Version 04 April 2009. http://tolweb.org/Temnospondyli/15009/2009.04.04 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/


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Spa Gift Baskets
If you're looking to send someone a meaningful and memorable gift, look no further: spa gift baskets are sentimental, sweet, and encourage self-care. What more could you ask for? Scroll through our selection to find the best spa basket delivery for that special someone in your life.
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When should I gift a spa basket?Spa baskets make great gifts for almost any occasion. Here are some of our favorite times to send the ones we love a luxurious and bountiful spa gift basket delivery:
- Mother's Day: What better way to thank your mom for all the love and care she's given you than with a spa gift basket that allows her to take care of herself? Whether it's a present for Mother's Day, mom's birthday, or even just-because: moms love spa gift deliveries.
- Significant others: Your romantic partner is a perfect person to deliver a spa gift basket to. Show how much you care for them and want them to have a little R&R time to themselves by presenting them with soaps, lotions, bath bombs and more!
- Graduation gifts: Did someone you know recently graduate high school or college? After the stress of their final semester, they could probably do with a nice relaxing spa day to unwind. Send them a spa gift basket for a thoughtful and encouraging present option.


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It's painful.
I feel like I'm in limbo.
It's been six weeks (or just over, actually) since I submitted my manuscript to a publication house. They said they aim to reply to all queries within around six weeks.
And in that six weeks, I have started back at school, and felt the most deadening exhaustion ever. I haven't been able to get creative at all.
But, if I had the right energy levels, what could I be doing? What could any writer be doing?
- Start thinking of another project to take your mind off the current situation
- Take a little mental break
- Read – both fiction and non fiction
- Take part in little challenges (or big – I signed up to NaNoWriMo this year, but whether I could actually write 50,000 words in November, is anyone's guess!)
- Build up your social media audience
- Consider starting an email newsletter (Still thinking about this…)
- Read some of your older work – you may see something new in it.
Aside from trying to get my energy back, I have read a lot (when I don't fall asleep with the book in my hands) and invested in some new craft books to help improve my writing. And I have been looking for my plans for book two and three too.
But honestly, my creativity has taken a real hit with this tiredness. And not hearing back from the publisher yet, has me on edge.
What is keeping me going, keeping me for letting go of my dream, is the encouragement from others who have been with me on this journey. My beta readers, who know what my story is, and one in particular who was so excited to hear that I am planning a couple more stories involving the characters in my first book.
Surely that must mean something, that someone wants to know more about these figments of my imagination?
Hearing back from this publisher in a positive way will be a certain type of validation for me, but if that doesn't work out, I'll be heading on that Indie trail, with the confidence that at least 5 out of 5 of the people who read my manuscript enjoyed it and were excited by it.
That's gotta mean something, right?


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I don't know when exactly, but in the span of last 3-4 days, my Mortarboard disappeared from my profile. Badges look good after your name, and I have only a few, so losing one hurts :P
Can I know why the badge got removed.
Thanks for any replies.
Regards, Yogesh.


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Thursday, November 25, 2010
BARCELONA TM (inside)
And this, following the previous entry on this blog, is just a collage of some panels from my two stories on the book, with Rakel Archer and Damián at the script. Enjoy! :)
Posted by Enrique Fernandez at 10:01 AM 35 comments:
Some folks here at Barcelona have join forces to have fun and make of our wednesday meetings (best known as "freak lunch") something more than just a reunion of profesional colleagues. This is the result: a nice book plenty of stories based on the city where we all live and work, Barcelona. Release December 10th. (cover art: Enrique Corominas)
Posted by Enrique Fernandez at 9:39 AM 2 comments:
Thursday, November 18, 2010
Page 25 !!!
I´m reaching the half of the first book of "Cobra". Unfortunately (due to my own schedule fault) we´ll have to wait to 2013 for the release of the two books. Be patient, please!!! :)
Posted by Enrique Fernandez at 10:40 AM 42 comments:
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Using browser extensions is a lot like tricking out your car with a new air spoiler, tinted windows, chrome rims, and big flame decals. Too much junk, and you bog down your ride and look silly. With thousands of Firefox extensions to choose from, the main challenge is finding the right ones–and avoiding the lame ones.
I've rounded up ten of the most useful Firefox add-ons, all of which strike the right balance by increasing performance and saving time. I'll let you worry about whether you should add racing stripes to your Toyota Camry.
Better Browsing Through Extensions
Do you often find things while you're browsing and wish that you could post a sticky note to a website for later reference? The popular web app Evernote has a Firefox extension that makes it easy to create notes for yourself from any part of any web page that you have highlighted. Notes can include text, photos, and even video that will sync to your phone while you're away from your computer.
The Greasemonkey Firefox extension lets you create scripts to do almost anything, from customizing search queries on your browser to embedding music-control buttons into your toolbar to adding Gmail notifications to tabs. Once you've downloaded the extension, you can find tons of great user scripts at sites such as userscripts.org that let you customize websites. A great starter script, Gmail FullScreen, lets you use Google's webmail in full screen instead of in a window.
If you find yourself switching between your iPhone, your laptop, and your Android tablet on a regular basis, Xmarks just may be the extension for you. The Xmarks service will sync your bookmarks–and even your passwords–between your desktop, your cell phone, and your tablet, along with any other devices you may have. Xmarks will sync your information between browsers, too.
Speed Dial
Does your daily surfing routine involve visiting the same five sites every morning? If you have a regular set of favorite bookmarks, you can open them in a flash with Speed Dial. According to the developers, this extension "loads in a tab, and will show thumbnail views of its assigned websites. Those thumbnails will be refreshed automatically in the background."
Download Video, Pictures, and More
Read It Later
If you're about to hop on a plane or enter an Internet dead zone, the Firefox extension Read It Later lets you save long articles and web pages with one click. Even when an Internet connection is nowhere to be found, you can catch up with your favorite sites.
Easy YouTube Video Downloader
Streaming video can't work without an active Internet connection–no Net equals no Flash video, so sites such as YouTube are off-limits. Easy YouTube Video Downloader to the rescue: This extension allows you to download Flash movies from YouTube and other sites for later viewing with or without your connection. In addition to all the free clips, you can find free versions of full movies such as Ghostbusters on YouTube.
Awesome Screenshot
If you ever need to take a screenshot of a website, Awesome Screenshot could make your life easier. Once you've installed the extension, you just click the camera icon, and Awesome Screenshot takes a snap of the whole page, even the parts that you can't currently see. You can then annotate the picture with lines, text, and more, and even blur out sensitive information before saving or uploading the image.
Privacy and Security
All kinds of hidden tracking systems–tags, hidden pixels, beacons, and more–follow you around the Web. Ghostery makes the invisible parts of the Web visible. For example, when I used the service and visited CNN.com, a list of seven different companies invisibly tracking my session popped up on my screen. Ghostery can help you identify and avoid almost all of them by blocking the images and scripts they use to keep tabs on you.
Java and Flash are great technologies for developers to build dynamic websites full of animation. The dark side of Java and Flash is that web advertisers and online attackers also find them effective tools for running trackers and malicious scripts in your browser. NoScript blocks Flash and Java except on trusted websites that you specify, keeping your computer safe from snooping scripts.
Adblock Plus
The single most popular Firefox extension is Adblock Plus. It's easy to see why: This add-on blocks annoying ads that pop up, crawl, and spawn in your Firefox browser. Adblock Plus is easy to configure and simple to use. Of course, it may also hurt sites like this one, so use this powerful tool wisely–please.


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I'm currently at ISEA2012, the 18th International Symposium on Electronic Art, a six-day international conference, this year taking place in Albuquerque under the glorious banner 'Machine Wilderness', which references the New Mexico region as an area of rapid growth and technology within vast expanses of open land.
Astrophysicist and President of the Leonardo Institute for Art, Science and Technology, Roger Malina gave a keynote to a packed auditorium, in which he discussed (in a rich and wide-ranging lecture) the epistemological revolution that is underway with the arrival of the era of "big data". The amount of data in our world has exploded, Malina explained. Today, each day we create 2.5 quintillion bytes of data (source: IBM). This trend is accelerating so fast that 90% of the data in the world today has been created in the last two years alone. Data sets have become so large and complex that it has become extremely difficult to process using current tools. Malina argued that there is a critical role for artists in creating new systems of data representation, visualisation, sonification, and simulation, across fields ranging from astronomy, geology, nanoscience and medicine, to business and finance. It's not a field in which I am an expert, but it strikes me that – as well as the systems that Malina outlines – the key contribution that artists can make is in helping to create meaning and poetry from these vast data fields.
At ISEA, there are a few examples of artworks using large data arrays. Agnes Chavez & Alessandro Saccoia's (x)trees, for example, at the Albuquerque Museum of Art & History is a socially interactive virtual forest generated from search words found in tweets and text messages, an experiment in data visualisation, video mapping and participatory art.
To give some other examples of data-driven art, below is a work by Jer Thorp, data artist-in-residence at the New York Times. It shows how often the times printed the words "hope" and "crisis" between 1981 and 2010. Each bar represents a month, Dates and mentions of specific events and key words are thrown in here and there to orient the viewer. It's interesting to note those times when crises eclipsed hope.
A famous work is Mark Hansen and Ben Rubin's Listening Post, which culls fragments of text in real-time from thousands of Internet chat rooms and other virtual public spaces, identifying prevailing themes and topics of discussion. The texts are then read (or sung) by a voice synthesiser and simultaneously displayed across a suspended grid of more than two hundred small electronic screens. The communications include statements about nationality, age, gender, sexual preference, religion, politics or everyday life. At striking moments, the text washes rapidly across the screens in patterns before clicking to a halt. The work evokes the drama of our technological lives.
Two examples of artworks that use data sets relating to climate were shown by Arts Catalyst in the exhibition 'Data Landscapes' last year. The exhibition arose from a network of the same name, coordinated by CREAM (The Centre for Research and Education in Arts and Media, University of Westminster), which set up discussions around the use of the data and models of climate science within visual arts contexts. The data of climate science has come under intense public scrutiny over the last couple of years, and the network understood that art practices that concern themselves with environmental change need some understanding of how the knowledge of climate change is produced. After a series of fascinating workshops, a seminar and exhibition were held at Arts Catalyst.
The Southern Ocean Studies by Tom Corby, Gavin Baily + Jonathan Mackenzie (also later shown in ISEA2011 in Istanbul) was a projection showing the currents circulating the central Antarctic land mass. These were generated in real-time and mapped against other environmental data sets – tidal flow, wind direction, geochemical and atmospheric flux – to produce flickering constellations of carbon circulation and wind direction. Watching the artwork, it is tempting to see the swirling forms as representative of an Antarctic wilderness, however the patterning effect is as much a product of human activities as natural ecologies. Whilst respecting the underlying science, the work sought to develop a sensibility to the dynamics of ecological complexity as pattern and felt experience rather than quantity and measure.
In the same exhibition, Lisa Autogena + Joshua Portway's installation Most Blue Skies calculated the passage of light through particulate matter in the atmosphere and computed sky colours for five million places on earth. A specially developed lighting system then reproduced, minute by minute, the colour of the bluest sky in real-time and displayed its location. Most Blue Skies addressed our changing relationship to the sky as the subject for scientific and symbolic representation. The artwork used advanced real-time satellite and atmospheric sensor data, which was processed by custom-built software, simulating the passage of light through the atmosphere. It played with the tension between the simplicity and romance of the image of the blue sky, and the complex technology involved in measuring and representing it. A previous work of Autogena + Portway was Black Shoals Stock Market Planetarium in which multinational stocks appeared as glinting stars in a night-time constellation, shifting and flickering depending on how the shares of each company were trading in real-time.
Sonification is another technique used by artists to re-present data. Sound artist Ryoji Ikeda's project datamatics was a series of experiments that used pure data as a source both for sound and dynamic imagery. From 2D sequences of patterns derived from hard drive errors and studies of software code, the imagery transformed into rotating views in 3D, whilst the final scenes add a further dimension as four-dimensional mathematical processing opened up new vistas. The soundtrack used layering of sonic components to produce acoustic spaces.
The challenges of big data are huge. But to develop new systems and tools to deal with big data, developers need to be able to play with data. That means data needs to be protected only lightly by copyright and it needs to be delivered in formats that are useful to people. The idea that data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other controls, is called "open data" and it is rapidly gaining support, particularly in areas such as science and government. Dealing effectively with big data demands an open data approach, whilst the movement towards open data requires new tools to make sense of large data arrays.
Other examples of good 'big data' art? Do let me know.
How to get started with data-driven art? A few tools and tutorials (and please suggest additions):


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Posted by: Nick and Ted
As self-styled whisky adventurers we get to meet some really fantastic people in the whisky business – case-in-point are Mathew and Julie Cooper, founders of the rather fabulously named Fannys Bay Distillery. Residing on Tasmania's North coast they have brought whisky making to a region hitherto bereft of locally produced drams. As far as we (and they) know, Fannys Bay is Tasmania's smallest distillery, but all indications suggest they will be punching well above their weight.
The Whisky Waffle boys travelled to the remote community of Tam O'Shanter to visit the Coopers on a sunny Sunday afternoon – or at least it would have been sunny if it were not for the thick smoke haze left by the bushfires. Mathew and Julie invited us into the shed to see where the magic happens, a location they both hope to spend a bit more time in this year as they have both recently retired. Mathew used to be a coordinator at the TAFE, though he has not quite left his teaching roots behind – regularly receiving visits from wannabe distillers (and semi-amateur whisky writers!).
Julie told us that Mathew first had the idea to make his own whisky after trying some dodgy homemade stuff at a friend's place. He woke up the next day with a sore head and thought "there must be a better way". Being a very hands-on type of person Mathew built much of the distillery himself, including the gristmill and the still.
"To make a product how you want it, it starts with the basics," Mathew told us as he enthusiastically filled a couple of glasses with new-make spirit – one made with Gairdener barley, the other with Westminster. The difference between the two was subtle but noticeable, with the former being richer and more floral, whereas the latter was lighter and more herbal. Both left us curious and excited about what Fannys Bay whisky would be like when mature. Unfortunately the oldest spirit had only been in barrels for 12 months and therefore cannot be called whisky for another year. Of course that didn't stop us from having a small sample – for purely education purposes, naturally.
We were presented with a pinot cask, a possible sherry cask, and a definite port cask, and were hard pressed to choose our favourite. Their aim to create an easy-drinking malt that appeals to a range of people is certainly looking on track. Take note people – in 12 months time Fannys Bay will be one to look out for.
While Julie is slowly (but happily) being converted into a whisky drinker, Mathew is more than happy to sample the odd dram. He loses no sleep about the success of the product, happily stating: "If people want to buy it, we sell it. If they don't – then I have a lovely room full of whisky!"
Find out more about Fannys Bay via our links page


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Svechnikov, Mrazek help Hurricanes beat Devils 5-2
RALEIGH, N.C. (AP) — Andrei Svechnikov scored on a perfectly executed rush in the second period to push his point streak to six games and help the Carolina Hurricanes beat the New Jersey Devils 5-2 on Friday night.
Nino Niederreiter and Warren Foegele scored first-period goals for the Hurricanes, helping Carolina play from in front nearly all night as it jostles for wild-card playoff positioning. Martin Necas and Joel Edmundson added two more in the third period for a 5-1 lead, part of a relatively smooth night for the Hurricanes in their return from a four-game road swing.
"We're in the final stretch here and we've got to put together a bunch of wins," said defenseman Brett Pesce, who had two assists. "That's the start we needed."
Petr Mrazek finished with 35 saves for Carolina after losing his previous three starts. He had four stops during an early New Jersey power play and a pair of big saves in the final minutes with the Devils holding a two-man advantage.
Sebastian Aho assisted on Svechnikov's goal, but was unable to find the back of the net, ending his six-game goal scoring streak.
Mirco Mueller scored in the first period and Joey Anderson added one in the third for the Devils, while Louis Domingue had 26 saves in a losing effort. New Jersey had won three of four coming in, including Thursday's 4-1 home win against Detroit.
Interim Devils coach Alain Nasreddine said things began to get away in the second period when the team got "disconnected" and "couldn't get to our game for some reason."
"We had chances, they really capitalized on their chances," Nasreddine said. "I think the scoring chances are pretty even … but the problem with us is the scoring chances that we gave up are massive. I know it sounds old now because I've been saying it for a while, but we just have to be better."
The Hurricanes entered this game four points back of Philadelphia for the second wild card in the Eastern Conference playoff race with two games in hand. They went ahead for good when Foegele got between the circles and slipped the puck past Domingue at 11:23 of the first.
Then Svechnikov provided the highlight midway through the second. The Hurricanes won a face-off and pushed up ice, with Svechnikov leaving a short drop pass to a trailing Aho along the left boards. He cut toward the crease as Aho zipped the puck cross-ice to Teuvo Teravainen, who sent it right to Svechnikov on the left side for an easy putaway and a 3-1 lead.
"That's a highlight-reel goal," Carolina coach Rod Brind'Amour said. "You get those every so often. Youv'e got to be careful that you don't try to do that too often because ... when those plays happen, you want to do it again and again versus just keeping a little simpler and taking the shots. But those guys have a little more, I'd say, leeway on that because they obviously have pretty high skill level."
NOTES: Foegele's goal was his first since scoring the winning goal against Arizona on Jan. 10, ending a 12-game drought. ... Mueller's goal was his second of the season, the other coming Dec. 13 at Colorado. ... Necas' third-period goal came after Devils defenseman Damon Severson tried to knock the puck away from the crease but inadvertently put it into the net. ... Severson had his eight-game point streak snapped. ... Injured Carolina defenseman Dougie Hamilton sounded the pregame siren for the Hurricanes. Hamilton was selected for the NHL All-Star Game but suffered a broken left leg beforehand and missed his 10th straight game Friday.
Devils: New Jersey returns home Sunday to host the Columbus Blue Jackets.
Hurricanes: Carolina plays a second straight home game Sunday when the Edmonton Oilers visit Raleigh.
Follow Aaron Beard on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/aaronbeardap
More AP NHL: https://apnews.com/NHL and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports


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Firefox 3.6.6 with crash protection is now available, and according to Mozilla it "provides uninterrupted browsing for Windows and Linux users when there is a crash in the Adobe Flash, Apple Quicktime or Microsoft Silverlight plugins. If a plugin crashes or freezes, it will not affect the rest of Firefox. You will be able to reload the page to restart the plugin and try again."
By default, Ubuntu 10.04 uses Firefox 3.5 and updates have to wait (sometimes it's a long wait) until the Ubuntu team approves them. However, if you are anxious to try the newest version of Firefox there is a simple way to do it.
Just open up Terminal (Applications, Accessories, Terminal) and type or paste:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa
Enter your Administrator password when prompted. Then, first making sure that Firefox is closed, type or paste:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
This will update your package source list and install the newest version of Firefox. On my test machine, everything went smoothly, Firefox 3.6.6 is running and all my add-ons are working fine. Depending on your installed add-ons, your mileage may vary.
You may also like:
Mozilla Patches 9 Firefox Bugs, Adds Plug-in Crash Protection – PCWorld
Firefox Update is Farmville-Friendly – PCWorld


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Karl Blossfeldt, Indian Balsam, 1928
Aesthetically I rather love Karl Blossfeldt's photographs of plants but they're images I don't really think about often. Joan Fontcuberta's Flora series brought them to mind though and has send me back to take a fresh look. The images, made in the early twentieth century are simple close-ups of plant details. There are gorgeous curves, beautiful textures and, above all, weird forms that, while clearly plants, don't seem quite real.


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Seems we're expecting tens [maybe hundreds] of thousands of folks heading to our area for this weird thing happening up in the sky on Monday.
Bring it on. There are rumors of our utilities being overtaxed, what with visitors needing things like water, electricity, and basic sanitation–seems there's no pleasing some people.
I say, bring on the apoc-eclipse. I am all over this.
First and foremost…coffee [pre-pulverized, in case we lose power], my Clever Coffee Dripper, and coffee beans [we snobs like it fresh ground, if possible]. Filters don't rate a photo, but they're in my emergency pack, as well.
Second, [again, if we lose power] a heat source…boil water for coffee and grill whatever will be thawing out from the freezer. And there'll be lots of unfrozen fruit on our paper plates as well. Not so surprisingly, even in these potentially dire situations, I'll still be unimpressed by the bumper crop of summer squash holding up our side fence.
Next, my most vital food stuff.
Still in the sustenance department, nothing like a little touch of whimsy…
Seems someone in the household is having boundary issues.
On the day of the eclipse, I guess I'll humor those millions of alarmists who seem to think a) they know more than I do b) I need these when looking at sun and moon in partial eclipse phase.
NASA is also inviting us to be citizen-scientists. My specialized headgear is a clear sign I take this responsibility seriously. [My wife agrees it's a clear sign of something else.]
And if outages persist and I get desperate…
These should perfectly disguise me when I saunter into someone's living room and snag their generator complete with, I hope, an idiot-proof instruction manual.


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Utopias 2013 is getting funky
In a few weeks, the brand new version of the Samuel Adams Utopias, the strongest naturally fermented beer in the world, will be hitting the store shelves once again – but this year there has been a major change.
For the first time, Samuel Adams is being blended with Kosmic Mother Funk, a barrel-aged ale that is used in all of the Samuel Adams Barrel Room Collection beers. The Kosmic Mother Funk, of KMF for short, has not been sold (although I think it would be a huge hit if it is ever released).
Along with the KMF, portions of this year's batch is also aged in single-use Buffalo Trace bourbon casks. Some of the beer is also aged in Port casks from Portugal.
This year's version is 28 percent alcohol by volume, slightly lower than last year's 10th Anniversary Utopias, which was 29 percent ABV.
I had an opportunity to try the new Utopias last week. I drank a two ounce sample at the recommended 70 degrees (give or take a degree or two).
The beer is phenomenal. You get a lot of sweetness at first, almost like maple and vanilla. The Bourbon then comes through, mixing with the other flavors.
The KFM is noticeable right away. It brings in some pepper flavors that adds a little more balance to the sweetness, and there's a just a little sourness and funkiness, along with a slight cherry flavor.
The 2013 Utopias is a wonderful beer, but it's pricey. When it hits stores in a few weeks, the suggested retail price is about $200. It's definitely worth trying, so maybe get a group of friends together to buy a bottle and each get one glass out of it. Either way, its a treat.


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I am a bit cross with myself for leaving it so long to write a review of what is possibly one of my favourite books of the year. In the time since I have read this book much has happened and annoyingly I have lost the notepad where I kept all the page numbers of my favourite/most haunting or apt passages of which this book has many. However one thing that hasn't happened in this time is that the memories of 'A Constellation of Vital Phenomena', Anthony Marra's debut novel, have in no way lessened and the book its prose and the characters have stayed with me ever since. It is also one of those books which is so good and holds so much within its pages it is an absolute nightmare to write anything that can do the book justice.
A few books I have read recently have shamed me by highlighting how little I know about world history. I know we can't know everything yet it seems to me (and this is apt with what is going on in Syria now) that sometimes I need to be made more aware of what has happened in my lifetime away from my home shores. In the case of 'A Constellation of Vital Phenomena' it is Chechnya which is highlighted and which Anthony Marra gives an unabashed account of; it is fiction but as he says in his authors note it is very much based on real life sources of 'essential and courageous testimony'. It is this background Marra has researched and witnessed that seeps into the book making it a vivid and sometimes quite difficult book to read yet one that is also incredibly powerful and thought provoking.
As the novel opens we meet Havaa, a young girl living in the tiny village of Eldar that has been devastated by the effects of war, the night after something newly awful has happened to her (for we learn there has been more). "On the morning after the feds burned down her house and took her father, Havaa woke from dreams of sea anemones." She finds herself in her neighbours, Akhmed, house who took her in after she miraculously escapes. However Akhmed knows that Havaa will never be safe in her village and so decides to take her to a complete stranger, Sonja a doctor who left the safety of Britain to look after her people and find her sister back in her home country, in a bombed out (though still running) hospital in the city.
Initially as a reader you are left with lots of questions. Why does Akhmed believe a little girl could be safe in a dangerous city with a stranger? Why did Sonja come back and where is her sister? Why have the Russian feds taken Havaa's father, where is he and what might happen to him? Through Marra's masterfully crafted story we slowly but surely learn all of the answers as he unwinds all the strands of each characters story. Cleverly, and never with a sense of cliché, we soon come to see how all their lives are indeed interwoven even when they themselves don't.
The sense of endless questions for a reader is a bold move at the start of any book, it can create a great tension of mystery or leave the reader lost and confused. It is definitely a case of the former with 'A Constellation of Vital Phenomena'. Yet Marra doesn't stop with the risks here which is really exciting to see in a debut novel. There is of course the level of 'shock and awe' that he throws into the book, we are left in no doubt as to how many people have died and how, or what goes on in the torture camps set up for traitors – one of the tales of a villager turned spy is horrendous but brilliantly written.
His biggest gamble however is the fact that he doesn't tell you the book in any sense of chronological order. The book takes place over ten years of conflict (from 1994 to 2004, the proximity of which shocked me all the more) yet we flit between these years randomly (though each chapter is headed by the year) Marra asking the reader to stitch it all together the right way themselves by the end and it works.
What made the book come completely alive for me were the characters. The main characters 'walk of the page' (cliché alert, true though) which makes the book all the more harrowing and emotional in parts – I cried a few times, I won't lie. So do all the background characters too. Some are secondary characters like Deshi, a nurse who works with Sonja, a woman who has had many lovers though all have ended in disaster and so she despises all men bringing a comic tone to the book often (there are quite a few comic moments you wouldn't expect throughout the novel, even in the worst of times people laugh). Others simply appear for a page or two or a paragraph, yet Marra does something brilliant here by telling you their life to come in a sentence. True sometimes this can be in the form of 'when he was to die of a tumour six years later' though it can also be 'he would watch his grandchild fascinated by the escalators in a decade's time' – I am paraphrasing here as I haven't the exact quotes to hand annoyingly. It is the characters along with Marra's ability to catch an atmosphere of terror, bewilderment and hope, during such a time which makes the book all the more real, harrowing and powerful.
'A Constellation of Vital Phenomena' is one of those books that Gran would say 'manages to educate you on something you have little knowledge of' and 'makes you walk in a strangers steps, even if the stranger is fictional'. It is a book that isn't a comfortable read by any stretch of the imagination yet, and I know I am sometimes stuck on repeat when I mention this, I don't think that fiction should always be neat and comfortable. Sometimes we need brave bold books and authors like this to highlight what is going on or has gone on which we know little about. Anthony Marra took on a challenge that even an author on their tenth book might not take on and he excels at it. I urge all of you to give this book a try.


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New Ford Vehicles for Sale in Corning, CA
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New Ford Vehicles for Sale in Corning, CA
Find your Next Ford at Corning Ford
When you're searching for a new Ford vehicle, head straight to Corning Ford. You see, we have the area's best selection of the newest Ford offerings, at extremely competitive prices, with the superior customer service that you deserve.
Your New Ford is Waiting
When you shop our new Ford inventory, you'll find a variety of Ford cars, SUVs, pickups, and vans. Whether you're looking to treat yourself to a sporty Mustang or want a Fusion sedan for your Chico commute, you're sure to find the right Ford for you. We also carry all of the family-friendly Ford SUVs, like the Explorer, Edge, and Escape, which make your transition from the school carpool to family road trips and easy one. Tehama County customers will want to check out our comprehensive offering of Ford pickups. From the popular F-150 and new Ford Maverick to the Ford Super Duty Trucks like the new Ford F-250, new Ford F-350 and F-550 models, we've got the hard-working pickup you need.
Once you've decided which Ford model to buy, you'll want to meet with the professionals in our Finance Center. They're ready to roll up their sleeves and get to work on creating the loan or Ford lease options that work best for you and your budget, keeping your priorities in mind at all times. Their goal is for you to drive away completely satisfied with your decision, so we aim to provide a stress-free shopping experience from start to finish.
We're at Your Service
We invite you to make the easy trip south on I-5 from Red Bluff when you're ready to explore our new Ford selection. We're ready to help in any way that we can, and look forward to meeting you soon.