The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term effect of arterial perfusion of drugs and bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) on osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). From Jan 1997 to Mar 2004, one hundred and seventeen patients with ONFH were consecutively enrolled to receive a digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in arteriae circumflexa femoris medialis and arteriae circumflexa femoris lateralis. In DSA, a dosage of drugs (urokinase, salvia injection, and tetramethylpyrazine) and autologous bMSCs or only the drugs were perfused into the arteries. The morphological changes of the arteries in DSA after perfusion were recorded. Symptoms radiographs, and the Harris hip-rating score were determined preoperatively and at each follow-up examination at one month, six months, one year, 2 years and 5 years after the treatment. 83 patients were followed up for more than five years. The median follow-up period was 7.9 years. After the drugs had been perfuse, the arteries became thicker, and more than 2 branches appeared in DSA. Five years after the operation, the Harris hip score of 32 patients (38 hips) treated by arterial perfusion of simplex drugs (group A) increased from 59.24±5.28 to 71.80±6.37 (p Among the patients in group B, the rate of excellent and good in early stages (˜,˜ a and ˜ b according to Ficat classifying, 50 hips) was 84.0%, which was better than the rate in the terminal stage (Ficat III, 9 hips, the excellent and good rate was 44.4%)(p = 0.028), and the rate of excellent and good in low age group ( We conclude that arterial perfusion of drugs and autologous bMSCs treating osteonecrosis of femoral head is safe and effective. The long-term therapeutic effect is more satisfactory than that of simplex arterial perfusion of drugs.


Background. Late pregnancy usage of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) may cause severe oligohydramnios due to fetal renal impairment. Affected neonates will often suffer from fatal, renal, and respiratory failure. Case. A 39-year-old multigravida admitted due to anhydramnios secondary to valsartan (ARB) exposure at 30 weeks' gestation. Following secession of treatment amniotic fluid volume returned to normal. Delivery was induced at 34 weeks' gestation following premature rupture of membranes and maternal fever. During the two-year follow-up, no signs of renal insufficiency were noted. Conclusions. This description of reversible fetal renal damage due to ARB intake during pregnancy is the first to show no adverse renal function in a two-year follow-up period. This case may help clinicians counsel patients with pregnancies complicated by exposure to these drugs.


A B S T R A C T Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important summer leguminous crops of the Potohar region. About 90% of the groundnut production is obtained from rainfed region which covers more than 90% of total cultivated area under groundnut cultivation in Punjab. A study was conducted at Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal in the years 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the performance of the groundnut genotypes for yield and other characters under rainfed condition. Seven promising/candidate lines of groundnut obtained from National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and BARI, Chakwal were sown in first week of April in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that varieties BARI-2011 and PG-1102 produced higher pod yield of 3648 and 3617 kg ha-1, respectively with better


Subrosion is a term for underground leaching of soluble rocks and is a global phenomenon. It involves dissolution of evaporites due to the presence of unsaturated water, fractures and faults. Fractures and faults are pathways for water to circulate and to generate subsurface cavities. Depending on the leached material and the parameters of the generation process, especially the dissolution rate, different kinds of subrosion structures evolve in the subsurface. The two end members are collapse and depression structures. Subrosion is a natural process, but it can be enhanced by anthropogenic factors like manipulation of the aquifer system and groundwater flow and by e.g. extraction of saline water. The formation of sinkholes and depressions are a dangerous geohazard, especially if they occur in urban areas, which often leads to building and infrastructural damage and life-threatening situations. For this reason investigations of the processes that induce subrosion and a detailed analysis of the resulting structures are of importance. To develop a comprehensive model of near-subsurface subrosion structures, reflection seismics is one of the methods used by the Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics.


On the basis of an empirical study of congestion occurring at a freeway bottleneck, it is shown that the congested regime can exist under a large variation of the discharge flow rate downstream of the bottleneck. This variation can be from about 1,600 to 1,700 vehicles/h to 2,600 to 2,700 vehicles/h per lane. A criticism of the application of queuing theories for the description of traffic pattern features is given. An explanation is given of the features of a congested regime on the basis of the recently discovered properties of synchronized flow as a new traffic phase.


Forty pregnant ewes of more than two successive lambing seasons, at the second half of gestation period, were used to evaluate the effects of supplemented vitamin A on growth performance, blood constituents, levels of vitamin A and β˗carotene of Saidi ewes and their offspring. Pregnant ewes (48.48 ± 0.09 kg B. W.) were assigned to 4 treatment groups of 10 ewes each in the Farm of Animal Production Department, the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.. Vitamin A was drenched in the form of pale yellow to brown granular powder as vitamin A acetate content ≥ 1,000,000 IU/g which had been certified by china council for the promotion of international trade.


EDRS PRICE MP -$0.76 BC-63.32 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Computer Assisted Instruction; *Curriculum Development; Elementary Secondary Education; Individualized Curriculum; *Individualized Instruction; Individualized Programs; Instructional Materials; *Management Information Systems; Space Utilization; Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS Elementary Secondary Education Act Title III; ESEA Title III; Madison Public Lchools


Orbit (16/10/2019) Algorithms for Electromagnetic Scattering Analysis of Electrically Large Structures Accurate analysis of electrically large antennas is often done using either Physical Optics (PO) or Method of Moments (MoM), where the former typically requires fewer computational resources but has a limited application regime. This study has focused on fast variants of these two methods, with the goal of reducing the computational complexity while maintaining accuracy.


Feeding trial was conducted in 18 plastic tanks (60 x 45 x 30 cm) to assess the performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed diets containing fermented Mucuna pruriens leaf meal as an alternative protein source to soya bean meal. Five isonitrogenous (crude protein-40%) diets were formulated containing fermented Mucuna leaf meal (FMLM) at A(100% FMLM), B(75% FMLM), C(50% FMLM), D(25% FMLM) and E(0% FMLM) and were fed at 5% body weight to triplicate groups of 10 fingerlings (initial mean weight ranged from 6.20± 1.96g – 6.80± 1.97 g) of C. gariepinus for a period of twelve (12) weeks. Growth performance and feed utilisation parameters indicate that E(0% FMLM) diet gave the highest weight gain (168.87± 3.97g) but did not significantly (P≥0.05) differ from D(25% FMLM), (161.30±6.12 g), and the lowest weight gain (89.70± 1.96 g) was recorded in A(100% FMLM). Similarly, the highest specific growth rate (3.79±0.03 g) was recorded in E(0% FMLM)  followed by D(25% FMLM) (3.74±0.04 g), and the least value (3.10±0.02 g) was obtained in A(100% FMLM). However, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and gross feed conversion efficiency (GFCE) were not significantly different (P≥0.05) among the dietary treatments. The highest (1.72±0.12) and least (1.50±0.02) FCR were obtained in A(100% FMLM) and E(0% FMLM) respectively. The result from this study indicates that fermented Mucuna  leaf meal could replace soya bean meal up to 25% in the diets for C. gariepinus fingerlings without compromising growth and feed utilisation.


The object of this study is to develop program for the optimal plants of the cogeneration systems composed of combining engine, generator, waste heat recovery exchanger, absorption chiller, boiler, etc. To perform the accurate simulation of the cogeneration system, it is first necessary to determine the energy demand categorized by electric power, heating, cooling and water supply. Then optimal operation modes is determined by economic assessment which is based on the efficiency of equipment and cost of fuel.


The $k$-truss, introduced by Cohen (2005), is a graph where every edge is incident to at least $k$ triangles. This is a relaxation of the clique. It has proved to be a useful tool in identifying cohesive subnetworks in a variety of real-world graphs. Despite its simplicity and its utility, the combinatorial and algorithmic aspects of trusses have not been thoroughly explored. We provide nearly-tight bounds on the edge counts of $k$-trusses. We also give two improved algorithms for finding trusses in large-scale graphs. First, we present a simplified and faster algorithm, based on approach discussed in Wang & Cheng (2012). Second, we present a theoretical algorithm based on fast matrix multiplication; this converts a triangle-generation algorithm of Bjorklund et al. (2014) into a dynamic data structure.


Abstract I argue that the trope of the doll, recurrent throughout the films of Manoel de Oliveira, is a visual figure that beyond narrative becomes a discourse on modernity and modernism, stillness and movement, life and death. Accordingly, I propose an overview of occurences of dolls and of "dollness" throughout the work of Oliveira – from Aniki Bobó (1942) to The Strange Case of Angelica (2010) – with the aim of tracking the line of transformations of an emblematic object into an aesthetic principle, a central figure involving psychoanalytical concepts such as the Freudian "uncanny," the fetish or the transitional object.


In the vicinity of a former phosphate fertilizer production plant, high phosphate contents with up to 463 mg phosphate per kilogram of soil dry matter were found 13 years after closing the plant while pH is only slightly elevated at pH 7 to 8. The deposited phosphate is seen to be moved to deeper soil horizons. The effect on soil microbiota was analyzed with respect to soil respiration, fungal biomass and cultivation of benomyl resistant and ligninolytic fungi. Increasing numbers and diversity of soil fungi were found with distance from the former emittent. This was confirmed by investigation of mycorrhization rates of mycotrophic, ectomycorrhizal birch trees. We tested for adaptation by growth and phosphate acquisition on soil extract media. The best growth was seen on the media containing highest phosphate concentrations showing no in vitro growth inhibition. In contrast to previous findings, however, more polyphosphate granula were seen on soil extract media from distant sites, although phosphate concentration was lowest in these media.


An antenna system that is reconfigurable in frequency is presented in this paper as a novel dual port design that serves both undelay and interweave cognitive radio. This 25×40×0.8 mm3 system is composed of two wide slot antennas: the first is designed as an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with controllable band rejection capabilities, while the second antenna is reconfigurable for communication purposes. Three slots are etched into the patch of the UWB antenna to obtain band notching in wireless local area network/Xband/International Telecommunication Union bands (WLAN/Xband/ITU) bands which can be controlled by a positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diode across each slot. The configuration states of these three diodes are all useable that produces seven band rejection modes plus the UWB operation mode. The second antenna is configured by five PIN diodes to operate either in Cband, WLAN or Xband regions which results in three interweave modes when setting the first antenna for UWB sensing. The design is simulated by computer simulation technology (CST) v.10. S21 results shows good isolation while input reflection coefficient and realized gain results prove system's scanning, filtering and communication capabilities. This system is new that it gathers the undelay/interweave operation in a single design and when considering its large number of operation modes it looks adequate for many cognitive radio applications.


In this paper, we study some properties of Ω-Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules and discuss some connections between Ω-Gorenstein injective and Ω-Gorenstein flat modules. We also consider these properties under change of rings.


Transgender voice and communication is an emerging area of practice within the scope of speech-language pathology. The evidence that informs this practice is still sparse, but is rapidly expanding....


Introduction

Mandibular reconstruction using vascularized osteocutaneous flaps is necessary to improve functional outcomes, such as jaw movement and mastication, and aesthetics after the wide resection of the mandible [1].


The invention provides a high-precision positioning method based on foundation reinforcement. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring the current vehicle geographic position information; judging whether the vehicle geographic position information is within a preset geographical range; if yes, regulating a differential data broadcasting frequency into a preset frequency; and acquiring differential correction data according to broadcast data with the preset frequency, and calculating out a positioning result by virtue of a pseudo range difference algorithm. The high-precision positioning method is capable of solving the problem that high-precision positioning cannot be realized due to different differential data broadcasting frequencies of different regions, so that a user can freely receive better differential data broadcasting in any region, and the adaptability of high-precision positioning under a condition of foundation reinforcement is improved. Furthermore, the invention also provides a high-precision positioning system based on foundation reinforcement.


The article is devoted to specific disorders of the respiratory system in cystic fibrosis. 64 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged 2 months to 32 years and residing in the Udmurtian Republic were studied. Epidemiological and genetic specifics of this disease in the mentioned region of the RF were examined. Clinical, X-ray, functional and microbiological studies of the CF patients' respiratory system were conducted. It was found that genotype delF508 and chronic infection Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus cause severe structural changes to the bronchopulmonary system more often. The obtained data suggest the advisability of identifying the groups of CF patients at the highest risk of severe respiratory system disorders in order to optimise therapeutic efforts. The article provides indicators of clinical efficacy of a dornase alfa therapy in CF children . Key words: cystic fibrosis, genotype, delF508 mutation, respiratory organs, pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, staphylococcal infection, respiratory function, mucolytic function, dornase alfa. (Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(6):44-48)


The present work investigation covers a qualitative survey of the scale insects and mealybugs associating with three varieties of Citrus sinensis named Succari, Baladi and Navel orange and one species, Mandarin C. retculata in Abu al Matamir area, in El-Beheira Governorate during the period lasted from February 2011 till January 2013. The exhibited asserted that a total of twelve scale insect and mealybug species following nine genera belonging to four families of supper family Coccoidea infesting four varieties of citrus trees in El-Beheira Governorate were obtained and identified.


World Health Organization predicts that this disorder will be the second leading cause of disability worldwide by the year 2020. Premature death in this population is associated with an increased risk of suicide, as well as a complex interrelationship with other medical disorders such as heart disease and impaired cognition. Data from the National Comorbidity Study indicate that the annual prevalence of major depression in U.S. adults approaches 15 million individuals. Of this population, approximately half are accurately diagnosed, and one-quarter adequately benefit from or can tolerate existing therapies. Further, the longer a patient remains depressed, the more difficult it is to reverse the mood state and the higher the risk of adverse socioeconomic and medical consequences. This article will consider the evolving concept of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and review recent evidence-based approaches to its management. CHARACTERIZING TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION Definition Acritical first step is the accurate identification of treatment resistance. Although the logical assumption is inadequate response to therapy (e.g., psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, various combinations of these approaches), this can be difficult to ascertain, since a substantial proportion of patients may experience poor response because of a variety of factors other than true treatment resistance. In this context, several issues must be considered, including: After reading this article, the practitioner should be able to:


We analyze high order of nongeminate recombination in organic donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction solar cells. The model of recombination where an exciton annihilates on an electron–hole Langevin bound pair near donor–acceptor interface has been applied in our studies. We obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculations for the concentration dependences of several parameters characterizing photovoltaic cells, such as the mobility of charge carriers, the recombination coefficient and the recombination time. The influence of carriers from deep states on the mobility has been taken into account.


To print the 0.13μm logic device pattern, both KrF and ArF lithography can be used and we have two lithography processes for 0.13μm technology. In this paper, we evaluate whether ArF lithography process has enough process margin or not, when KrF HT-PSM is applied to ArF lithography processes. To estimate the feasibility of KrF HT-PSM in ArF lithography process, we simulated the change of the proximity effect according to illumination conditions and selected an optimum illumination condition. In that condition, we investigated the changes of ID bias, linearity and lineend shortening effect (LES) of minimum pattern. ID bias and CD linearity of isolated line in the ArF lithography matched well with those in KrF lithography on the optimized illumination condition. The differences of ID bias and linearity are less than 5nm. Line end CD difference between two processes is under 10nm. The ArF lithography process has enough process margins in optimized illumination condition with KrF Ht-PSM. Therefore, in the optimized illumination condition, KrF Ht-PSM can be applied to ArF lithography process to print pattern for the 0.13 μm logic device without mask revision.


Introduction. The experience of providing medical care during the Anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine showed that in the structure of modern combat surgical trauma gunshot wounds with soft tissue defects are between 64.9-68.2%, of which 36.4-37.5% are small and medium, 28.5-30.7% are large and very large defects. Aim: To improve the results of providing surgical care to the wounded with soft tissue defects by introducing a variety of surgical tactics of wound closure to the medical care levels. Material and Methods. The total array of the study was 2537 wounded with shrapnel, bullet and mine injuries from April 2014 to September 2018. The determination of surgical tactics for closing soft tissue defects was performed at the basis of metric classification taking into account the area, volume and anatomical areas of the lesion. Results. The combination of metric characteristics of wound defects by area, volume with localization of wounds in a single classification allowed the offer of a comprehensive approach to sorting the wounded at the level of medical care and to determine further surgical tactics to close soft tissue defects. In accordance with the sorting and evacuation purposes, the wounded with gunshot wounds to the foot and hand (third zone of injury) were treated in specialised centres to the fourth level of medical care. In the case of medium and large wounds of the thigh, leg, shoulder and forearm, medical care was provided at the second and


We developed a new algorithm to measure the fractal dimension, or complexity, of the human cerebral cortex. Cortical complexity was found to be significantly increased in Williams syndrome, a genetic condition associated with deletion of ~20 contiguous genes on chromosome 7 [cf. 1,2]. Most prior complexity measures such as the gyrification index [2,3] typically measure the cortical contour in a specific image slice. By contrast, the proposed fractal dimension takes into account the full 3D cortical surface geometry, and is independent of brain scale, orientation and the direction of image acquisition.


The invention relates to clothes resistant to electromagnetic radiation, comprising fabrics resistant to electromagnetic radiation. The clothes are characterized in that the clothes are coats; the parts of the coats, corresponding to the external genital organs, prostate, ovary, breasts and fetuses of human bodies, are made of the fabrics resistant to electromagnetic radiation; the fabrics resistant to electromagnetic radiation are made by knitting or weaving; the warp and weft yarns of the fabrics include core spun yarns; the core spun yarns take silver-plated fibers, carbon fibers or carbon black organic fibers as the core yarns and take comfort fibers as the skin yarns; the silver-plated fibers are formed by silver-plating the synthetic fibers; the weight ratio of the core yarns and the skin yarns is 10-70:30-90; and the comfort fibers are cotton, wool, silk, bast and viscose fibers, bamboo fibers, bamboo-carbon fibers, soybean fibers, polylactic acid fibers, alginate fibers, milk fibers or pearl fibers. The clothes can shield electromagnetic waves and ensure the shielding effect to be over 99%.


Damping factors arise from static as well as dynamic perturbations. These must appear with constant sign in the perturbation theory denominators for compatibility with quantum mechanics, conformity with time-reversal symmetry, and agreement with experiment.


Electron kinetics, which shows two distant discharge regimes (nonlocal and local), has attracted major interest in both plasmas physics and industrial applications. In this paper, the nonlocal and local electron kinetics in radio frequency plasmas are briefly reviewed.


s: Polyurethane elastomer was prepared by hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB),toluene diisocyanate and flame retardant/smoke suppression fillings-Al(OH) 3.The effects of contents and particle size of Al(OH) 3 on the mechanical properties and combustion behavior of the elastomer were studied. Light transmittance behavior,mechanical properties and combustion behavior were tested.Results state that the flame retardant/smoke suppression, mechanical and combustion properties of the elastomer could be increased by decreasing the particle size and increasing the contents of Al(OH) 3. Better flame retardant/smoke suppression and mechanical properties occurred while the content of Al(OH) 3 is 15 phr,and particle size is 7.12 μm.


A new scheduling problem, the distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem with uncertain processing times and carryover sequence-dependent setup time (DPUC), is addressed. The DPUC is an important application problem in modern electronics manufacturing. A robust model is established for the DPUC with makespan criterion. A counter-intuitive paradox is found, that is, adding a new job to one of the production lines can reduce the completion time of the production line. Two acceleration methods are provided to save computational efforts. An iterated greedy algorithm called IG_FS is proposed to solve the DPUC. A heuristic based on the well-known NEH is proposed to generate the initial solution for the IG_FS. In the destruction phase of the IG_FS, dynamic sizes based on both adaptability and randomness are provided to improve the exploration capability. During the local search phase of the IG_FS, a hybrid local search method consisting of shift and swap operators is presented to exploit more diverse search areas. Extensive experiments show that the proposed IG_FS performs significantly better than the six competing algorithms adapted from the closely related scheduling literature.


In this study, an attempt has been made to examine causal ity relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Nigeria by employing Granger causality test for 1980-2010 period. The results obtained herein revealed that there exist a uni direct onal causality running from energy consumption to economic growth without feedback. Thus, energy cons ervation policies will have a negative repercussions on economic growth in Nigeria. Theref or , government should ensure reliable and sustainable supply of energy at appropriate costs and in an envi ronmentally friendly manner, to the various sectors of the economy for national development. A s evidenced from the study, causality runs from energy consumption to economic growth. Energy consump tion in Nigeria is mainly based on the use of fossil fuels which is non-renewable. Therefore, in order to actualize its vision of becoming one of the 20th largest economies in the World by the year 2020, gove rnment should diversify energy consumption mix to reduce over dependence on non-renewable ener gy by investing in renewable energy infrastructure with the aim of increasing energy consumption hrough energy service availability, accessibility, and affordability.


Tzeuleu). Syn. C.morifolium Ramat, is an important commercial flower crop. It is the second largest flower crop grown all over the world. It's known as "queen of the east". There is hardly any other garden flower which has such diverse and beautiful range of colour shades and shapes as chrysanthemum, making it suitable for every purpose conceivable for a flower crop. Therefore, its cultivation has expanded in non traditional area also. There is an ample scope to enhance the productivity of chrysanthemum by adopting proper crop management techniques. In order to meet the over increasing demand on production of quality flowers, to increase productivity and to overcome the physiological disorders, application of major and micronutrients are inevitable. Now-a-days, micronutrients especially zinc and iron are gradually gaining momentum among the flower growers because of their beneficial nutritional support and to ensure better harvest and returns.


I. INTRODUCTION There are approximately 83.3 million users of the Internet in the United States. (2) By 2002 that number is expected to exceed 165 million Internet users in the United States alone. (3) As a result of this increasing use of the Internet by Americans, many business entrepreneurs are moving all or part of their endeavors to an Internet web site. With the number of web sites growing exponentially, dotcommers (4) seeking a name for their business web site that is both catchy and memorable are finding such domain names increasingly limited. (5) Even if a dot-commer is lucky enough to register a catchy domain name, there is no guarantee that trademark and unfair competition laws will provide protection against another party choosing a confusingly similar mark or dilutive domain name. The controversy surrounding the domain name illustrates this dilemma. eCompanies bought the domain name for $7.5 million from a Houston media entrepreneur who paid $150,000 for the domain name in 1996. (6) The co-founder of eCompanies, Jake Winebaum, indicated that the purchase of was not rash because requires much less marketing than other domain names. (7) What Jake Winebaum did not realize is that generic or descriptive domain names like are not entitled to trademark protection or registration in the United States. While may be an easy name to remember, other companies offering similar business-to-business services could create a company with the domain name or and compete directly with eCompanies. Customers of eCompanies could easily be led to the other competing sites and become confused as to which is the original. Due to recent policies regarding trademark protection and registration for domain names implemented by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), (8) it is unlikely that eCompanies can prevent this scenario: the operation of competing businesses with confusingly similar domain names. This comment seeks to explore the challenges, under current policies and case law, of registering generic and descriptive domain names on the USPTO's Principal Register and to examine how unfair competition laws apply to the protection of generic and descriptive domain names. II. BACKGROUND A. What is the Internet? In the late 1960s the United States Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency began networking computers together to transfer information. (9) After many years of research, the result was the ARPANET, a system created to tie incompatible networks together. (10) This system became the backbone for the modern day Internet. (11) Each computer on the Internet is assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address. (12) When information is distributed over the Internet, it is split into packets containing the IP address of the computer to which it is sent. (13) In the mid-1980s the domain name system (DNS) was created to manage the IP addresses of computers and networks. (14) As a result of continued development of the DNS, IP addresses can now correspond to alphabetic addresses (15) making human memorization of computer domain names much easier. (16) For example, instead of remembering the numerical IP address 220.127.116.11, one merely needs to recall the domain name --the alphabetic equivalent of the computer with the IP address of 220.127.116.11. (17) Unfortunately, because there is no obvious correlation between the IP address and the words in a domain name, confusion often arises. (18) The number '128' in the above mentioned IP address has no correlation to the word 'arthur' in the domain name. (19) This makes it difficult for users to remember the IP address which is why most users choose to use the domain name to locate a particular computer on the Internet. …


The educational and training policy is important for employees' formation and knowledge transmission. It represents an important factor for every nation's potential offer for innovation. With the elaboration of the Lisbon Strategy, European Union (EU) sets the orientation toward an economy and a society based on knowledge; this is why the need of life-long learning is a priority for the EU. For Romania, as a new member-state of the EU, the employment at a high level of labor force is one of the most important priorities. The present paper aims to analyze the employees' attitudes concerning continuous professional training and their participation to such programs. For this analysis data were collected based on questionnaires and were processed with SPSS 11.0 software.


2 Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of water deficit on some of morphological traits of three sunflower cultivars, a split plot experiment based on random complete block design was conducted with three replications during growing of season 2009 at Agricultural Research Station of Tabriz Azad University. Water deficit at five levels (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation from evaporation pan, Class A) was assigned to main- plots and cultivars (Aramvirsky, Allstar and Euroflour) to sub-plot. The results indicated that seed yield was amounted to 4865, 3815, 3252, 2450 and 2122 kg ha when plots were irrigated after 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 1 mm evaporation from the pan,repectively. Among the studied cultivars 'Armavirsky' produced higher yield than 'Allstar'. Increasing water stress decreased seed yield ha , above ground dry weight of plant, stem diameter, 1 head diameter, number of seeds per head, 100 seeds weight, harvest index and number of photosyntetically active leaves.


Over the Indian region, the pre-monsoon (i.e. April–May) is a dry summer season. The heatwaves, as well as local temperature variations during this season, are not associated with significant large-scale convective heating like the monsoonal modes, and several studies identified several drivers of heatwaves. Heatwaves are extreme events. Are these extremes arising from low-frequency intraseasonal modes, in the same way, extreme rainfall occurs on a synoptic or intraseasonal mode during monsoon? Studies do not explicitly point out the existence of temperature intraseasonal modes during April–May over the Indian region, and it is not clear if some of the drivers of heatwaves can also explain the April–May temperature variations as derivative of some modes. This study identifies the dominant pair of the intrinsic mode of temperature intraseasonal oscillations, which can also explain the heatwave spikes. The empirical orthogonal function based modes are isolated in the detrended surface temperature data to remove the global warming mode. It was found that the subtropical jet acting as a Rossby wave guide drives the first mode with pan India spatial modal signature, while the second mode is driven by the extratropical Rossby wave modes originating from the latitudes of the eddy-driven jet. Another important result is that the first (second) mode principal component shows a significant decreasing (increasing) trend from 1981–2020 period. The observed spatial heterogeneity in warming and the trend in the spatial distribution of extreme temperature events in India could also be explained by the trend in the two modes of oscillation.


ABSTRACT Changes in the landscape where watersheds are located may affect the stream biota in different ways. In order to explore this idea, we collected freshwater crabs of the genus Aegla Leach, 1820 in subtropical region of southern Brazil. We also measured a number of landscape features and physico-chemical variables in the collection streams and surroundings in order to ascertain which factors affect the occurrence of these crustaceans. A total of 167 individuals of Aegla were collected in 21 streams. The collection was comprised of three species: A. odebrechtii, A. platensis, and A. singularis. The occurrence of A. platensis was influenced by physico-chemical variables (total carbon and total organic carbon) and stream morphometry factors (level curves sum). The occurrence of A. singularis was influenced by land use (pasture and exposed soil and agriculture) and the stream morphometry (level curves sum). Only a small number of A. odebrechtii were collected and their occurrence was influenced by land use (pasture and exposed soil and agriculture). The topography of the area studied limits the types of land use and areas that are less favorable for agriculture (more hilly areas) are have more riparian vegetation (or less anthropic stress). As a result, these areas are less subject to changes in water quality, which is reflected in the distribution of Aegla species.


This paper presents a simple approach for estimating the structure temperatures including the uncovered reactor core inside the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and the release rates of fission products deposited in the RPV to the reactor building (R/B) at a certain time after the occurrence of a severe accident at a nuclear power plant (NPP). First, basic concepts are presented and then, a simplified steady-state heat balance model is proposed for estimating the temperatures of the uncovered reactor core and the upper structure in the RPV as well as the temperature of the RPV wall. In addition, models for estimating the revaporization rate of cesium hydroxide (CsOH) in the RPV and the leak rate of CsOH to the R/B via the drywell are also presented. The proposed approach is anticipated to be applicable to the damaged Units 1–3 of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP.


From the Publisher:
Written for designers, programmers, and users of SAS applications, this book shows how to build client/server database applications through table-driven technology. Each chapter addresses these three different audiences, detailing ways to construct high-quality, reliable applications that are easy to maintain. The "code-free" approach offers you flexibility in design, reduces development time, and provides the advantages of integrated data dictionaries, user-defined integrity rules, and trigger-message mechanisms that implement and manage data processing. With the many realistic examples included here, experienced users who build or regularly use SAS applications can master techniques of application development and data analysis that are straightforward and powerful.
Supports releases 6.09 and higher of SAS software.
Author Biography: Tanya Kolosova Tanya Kolosova is an independent consultant with expertise in time series and forecasting, operations research, and statistical training. With Berestizhevsky, she is the coauthor of TARGET, a fully integrated applications development tool based on SAS software. Also published in scientific journals, she has extensive experience working with the SAS System. Samuel Berestizhevsky Samuel Berestizhevsky is an independent consultant specializing in statistical data analysis, the design of experiments, quality control and assurance, system analysis, and training. Published in several scientific magazines, he has an impressive amount of experience working with the SAS System.


The 2010 press release announcing the first-release sites for Australia's National Broadband Network (NBN) identified five locations chosen for their contrasting 'housing density, housing type, geography, climate and local infrastructure'. On these measures, the South Australian town of Willunga was described as a 'small rural town' with 'dispersed housing'. It thus served as a model for the country constituencies crucial to securing support for the federal government's large-scale infrastructure investment. But what else made Willunga an ideal first-release site? Are there local histories that shed light on the decision to grant its residents access to high-speed broadband before the rest of the country? This article shares findings from ethnographic research conducted in Willunga during the 2011 NBN roll-out to answer these questions.


Radiocarbon measurements are carried out mainly on soil samples and soil organic matter fractions. Benzene samples are prepared as described earlier (Scharpenseel and Pietig, 1969; 1970). Radioactivity is measured in a single quartz vial, using a Packard Tri Carb Model 3075 as well as a Berthold Betascint BF 5000. Most equipment has been transferred from Bonn University Radiocarbon Dating Lab to Hamburg, where operation of former Bonn Radiocarbon Lab will be continued.


A recent summary of research into how people learn identifi ed that eff ective learning environments need to be knowledge centered, learner centered, community centered, and assessment centered (1). Of these four, the least progress has been made in moving assessment to the center of the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) classroom. Content knowledge traditionally has been strong in STEM courses. Learner and community centered classrooms that engage students in the learning process and involve learning teams and learning communities are becoming more and more popular, and team problem-based learning has been a tradition in engineering, business, and medical programs. In contrast, only evaluation, and not assessment, commonly is found in STEM classrooms, even though assessment is essential to learning. Evaluation is the process of measuring the quality of performance against standards to determine if the standards have been met. Assessment is the process of measuring and analyzing performance to provide timely feedback to improve future performance. Assessment diff ers from evaluation in that it provides opportunities for feedback, improvement, and revision; identifi es strengths, areas for improvement, and ways to improve; and is non-judgmental, frequent, and congruent with the learning goals (2). In most STEM college classrooms, feedback occurs relatively infrequently. Grades on quizzes, homework and examinations are perceived by students as evaluation intended to measure the result of learning and the level of accomplishment at a particular time. After receiving such grades, students typically move on to new topics and do not refl ect on how to improve their understanding or skills in the graded topics or how to improve their learning process so they can improve their grades in future topics. Feedback is most valuable when it is accompanied by the opportunity to improve the process, and includes information on how this improvement can be accomplished. Th e reporting of a single numerical grade is too imprecise for students to improve their learning process or for teachers to improve their teaching strategies. A single grade represents an average over several skill and knowledge items and fails to assess specifi c skill and knowledge components Including a list of right and wrong answers with the grade also is insuffi cient to identify defi ciencies in specifi c learning or problem solving processes because such a list provides little insight by itself. While it is possible to conduct an item analysis on examinations, probably no students and few faculty actually do this. Students have diffi culty identifying the reasons they obtained the incorrect answer, and faculty fi nd the eff ort needed to conduct and analyze an item analysis tedious and time consuming.


BackgroundA long duration of untreated illness (DUI) is an unfavorable prognostic factor in anorexia nervosa and often associated with chronic illness progression. The FABIANA- checklist, developed using a qualitative multi-informant approach, includes factors influencing treatment initiation which are potentially modifiable and are mentioned as being relevant by patients with AN. The study focusses on the development and evaluation of the FABIANA-Checklist and aims at providing descriptive data on DUI in a German sample.MethodsAfter cognitive pretest and revision, dimensionality of the 18-item version of the FABIANA-checklist was tested by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For item validation we assessed support from social environment (FSozU), support in the health care system (PACIC-5A), illness perception and coping (BIPQ).ResultsWe included a sample of female patients (N=75), aged >14 years ( M = 21.4 years) with AN. Average BMI was 15.5 kg/m 2 , age of onset was 19.2 years and average DUI was 2.25 years. PCA yielded six components explaining 62.64% of the total variance. Overall internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's α= .76) and construct validity was satisfactory for 14 items. Two consistent components emerged: primary care perceived as supportive and competent (23.33%) and emotional and practical support from relatives (9.98%). With regard to the other components, the heterogeneity of the items led to unsatisfactory internal consistency, single item loading and partly ambiguous interpretability. Analysis on item level indicated that practical and emotional support from the social environment seems to be particularly important for treatment initiation.ConclusionsThe FABIANA-checklist is a valid instrument to assess factors involved in the process of treatment initiation of patients with AN. Psychometrics and dimensionality testing suggests that experienced emotional and practical support from the primary health care system and close relatives are strongly involved factors. Nevertheless, the results point out that a differentiated consideration on item level is useful. To quantify the relative importance of the factors assessed and to derive recommendations on early-intervention approaches, the predictive effect of the FABIANA-items on the DUI will be determined in a subsequent study which will further include the perspective of relatives and primary caregivers in addition to the patient perspective.Trial registrationClinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03713541: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03713541


Strategy framing is usually studied in the context of news coverage about domestic Western politics. This study expands its application to news reports on the China-US trade war—an inter-state conflict including a democratic and one-party dominant system—thereby adding an international dimension to the study of strategy framing. Through a manual content analysis of news coverage from China, the US, Singapore, and Ireland (from January 2013 to January 2020; n = 1872), we investigate whether media independence, conflict involvement, and crisis phases influence the employment of the issue framing and strategy framing. For democratic countries, the more involved they are in the conflict, the more prominent strategy framing was in their coverage of the trade conflict; the inverse was observed for one-party dominant systems. Strategy framing that considers countries as contenders is more prevalent than the sub-frame that focuses on individual politicians. The presence of national-versus-personal level strategy framing was more balanced for directly involved countries than indirectly involved countries since news from directly involved countries accords relatively more space to politicians' personal strategy.


Given a triangular array { Xn,k, 1 6 k 6 n,n > 1 } of random variables satisfying E|Xn,k| < ∞ for some p > 1 and sequences {bn}, {cn}of positive real numbers, we shall prove that ∞ ∑ n=1 cnE [∣∣∣∣∣ n ∑ k=1 (Xn,k − EXn,k) ∣∣∣∣∣ /bn − ε]p + < ∞, where x+ = max(x, 0). Our results are announced in a general setting, allowing us to obtain the convergence of the series in question under various types of dependence.


Dentigerous cyst is the intraosseous odontogenic cyst mostly associated with the impacted or unerupted teeth. They are
rd rd usually accompanied with the crowns of the permanent teeth especially mandibular 3 molars, canines and 3 molars of
maxilla and rarely in the anterior of the maxilla. They often grow as a larger cyst and also affects the symmetry of face, disturbance of dentition and
predisposing the fractures to the jaw. Dentigerous cysts if left untreated could cause serious complications as they have capacity to develop into
rd other malignancies. This case report is about the dentigerous cyst with cholesterol clefts in the mandibular 3 molar region which was been treated.


The principle of good faith was inserted objectively in the current Civil Code. It presents itself as a norm of conduct to be observed in legal businesses. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the insertion of good faith and demonstrate its relationship with contracts. The theme becomes relevant to the legal community in general, because it is an institute of moral content important for the peaceful coexistence of people. The source, definitions, standardization, classifications, functions, attached duties and developments of good faith are discussed under the deductive method. It is inferred that the postulate of good faith relates to contracts to secure values such as loyalty, trust and honesty. It turns out that from this relationship arise the conduct and duties that need to be observed by the contractors in order to ensure legal protection of the business entered.


This study aims to determine the health protocol for the New Normal preparation for the tourism sector in the Ragunan Wildlife Park. This research is a type of research that uses descriptive data through data collection techniques of observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The data analysis technique used for this writing is qualitative with descriptive data analysis techniques based on the data analysis literature, data reduction, data processing and research conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the existence of this pandemic has had a major impact on the tourism sector of the Ragunan Wildlife Park. As a result, many activities cannot be carried out because this pandemic has resulted in the closure of tourist attractions and no income. However, this makes the welfare of the existing animals calmer, living like in real nature without many tourist visits. The existing animals do not lack food or medicine at all because this has received a subsidy from the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government of 70% of 100% of which 30% is income from ticket sales. The Ragunan Wildlife Park has established a health protocol that is enforced according to the government's decision, both for tourists and animals and hopes that this pandemic will end quickly and return to normal for the welfare of all.


Video image information is received in the signal including conditional access information. And a plurality of conditional access information recording, reproducing and displaying one picture resolution format video image information related. Conditions within the received access signal information is decoded. Format for recording and reproducing video picture information displaying at least one operation corresponding to the decoded conditional access information is adaptively selected. Then, using the format of the selected video image information processing. Conditional access information may further comprise information indicating the predetermined time reproduced video image information to allow the recording interval.


Glucagon-like peptides (GLP) 1 and 2 are hormones derived from the post-translational processing of proglucagon in the intestinal L cells that influence intestinal motility and small bowel growth, respectively. We describe a patient with a neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary origin with peritoneal carcinomatosis and diffuse liver metastases, who presented with constipation and nocturnal itching for over 3 years. Small bowel follow-through showed decreased small intestinal motility and marked intestinal hypertrophy. Biopsies from mesenterial lymph nodes showed, histologically, a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (G1), with positive immunostaining for chromogranin A, GLP-1, GLP-2 and polypeptide YY (PYY). Jejunal biopsy demonstrated marked intestinal mucosal hypertrophy. HPLC analysis combined with RIA of tumor and serum extracts revealed that the tumor was producing and releasing fasting levels of GLP-1 of 738±20.7 pg/ml (normal levels (nl) <100 pg/ml), GLP-2 of 3,150±9 pg/ml (nl <100 pg/ml) as well as PYY 550 pg/ml (nl <100 pg/ml). Octreotide administration decreased levels of GLP-1 and GLP-2 and reduced small intestinal transit time from 150 to 50 min. However, tumor growth was not inhibited by octreotide, interferon or dacarbazine therapy and the patient died 8 months later. This is the first case report demonstrating the overproduction of GLP-1, GLP-2 and PYY from an neuroendocrine tumor, in a patient with intestinal hypertrophy and delayed intestinal transit time.


Abstract This study aimed to interpret the meaning of primary geography teacher-researcher identities (PGTRIs) using phenomenology according to van Manen. Four emerging themes explained the meaning and characteristics of PGTRIs. The participating primary geography teacher-researchers (PGTRs) developed particular identities as practitioner agents of primary geography education research. Based on their aspirations for geography education research and their awareness of the problems in primary geography education, the PGTRs aimed to innovate in primary geography education and primary classroom-embedded geography education research and to connect primary classrooms with the academic world. The results provide an in-depth understanding of the meaning of research and education for PGTRs and their identities.


An intensive communciations program is preceding the national census in Afghanistan. The census, scheduled for 20 days in June 1979, is being publicized and explained by a special communication unit under the Central Statistical Office. Approximately 1 million teachers and students are being enlisted to explain census objectives. 10,000 enumerators will be teachers. Banners, posters, literature, exhibition boards, logo stickers, and flip chart shows given by mobile units are supplemented with radio messages. In a traditional society like Afghanistan interpersonal communciation with village leaders is the best way to recruit cooperation. Provincial field communicators have been trained for this purpose, and village leaders will be recruited to explain radio broadcasts. The census results will be segmented for different audiences and highlights will be made available to various government departments. The entire campaign may serve as a model for other countries.


Blood glucose levels are influenced by factors related to pastients and laboratory factors. There are various ways to treat blood glucose that have increased or decreased. Water consumption helps the process of removing all toxins in the body, including excess sugar. In James's research (2010), that drinking water causes a breakdown of sugar. This research is to Know the description of fasting blood glucose levels with and without drinking water. Descriptive type research with cross sectional approach. Blood glucose levels of 28 student of TLM was examined by POCT methode and the respondent filled out the questionnare. The results of blood glucose levels are described based on questionnares that have been filled in the form of respondents diagram. From the results of examination 28 respondents, mean blood glucose level in conditions without drinking is 82,03 mg/dl, respondents with a minimum level of 65 mg/dl and a maximum of 97 mg/dl. Mean blood glucose level in conditions with drinking is 78,71 mg/dl, respondents with minimum level of 69 mg/dl and maximum of 104 mg/dl. Respondent's fasting blood glucose levels in conditions without drinking and drinking decreased by 4%. There was a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in respondents conditions without drinking and by drinking water, also influenced by physical activity factors, nutrition intake, drugs/vitamin and obesity.


Summary 1. Incubation of ferrous sulfate with endotoxin for 6 hours at 37°C prior to injection did not alter the endotoxin-induced-hypersusceptibility-state (EIHS) to water moccasin venom in rabbits. 2. Incubation of ferrous sulfate with snake venom under the same conditions prior to injection gave significant protection against the lethal effects of the venom in endotoxin-pretreated rabbits. 3. Intravenous ferrous sulfate protected a significant number of animals against the lethal effects of snake venom when administered between the preparing endotoxin and the challenging dose of moccasin venom. 4. Prior intravenous ferrous sulfate also resulted in protection against an LD100 of moccasin venom in normal rabbits. 5. Finally, it was shown that administration of large, but non-toxic, doses of ferrous sulfate to endotoxin-pretreated animals resulted in the delayed death of most of the animals.


ABSTRACT With the development of new technologies, smart shipping makes possible one system that connects ports and ships to help stakeholders make decisions with greater efficiency, minimized costs and smaller ecological footprints. However, smart shipping is at the preliminary stage, and the related literature on smart shipping systems or domains is still lacking. To understand and develop smart shipping, our study intends to establish an index system based on the literature review and the Delphi method. Consequently, the system, which includes four first-level indexes, 17 second-level indexes, and 61 third-level indexes, is established. As the main domains, smart waterways, smart ports, smart ships, and maritime intelligence compose the smart shipping system. Among these four domains, the coordinated opinion of experts proposes that smart ports are very important for achieving smart shipping. Furthermore, based on the means of each index, indexes with higher scores can help stakeholders who want to participate in smart shipping make decisions.


Objective To describe the attitudes and behaviours regarding placebo treatments, defined as a treatment whose benefits derive from positive patient expectations and not from the physiological mechanism of the treatment itself. Design Cross sectional mailed survey. Setting Physicians' clinical practices. Participants 1200 practising internists and rheumatologists in the United States. Main outcome measures Investigators measured physicians' self reported behaviours and attitudes concerning the use of placebo treatments, including measuresofwhether theywoulduseorhad recommended a "placebo treatment," their ethical judgments about the practice, what they recommended as placebo treatments, and how they typically communicate with patients about the practice. Results 679 physicians (57%) responded to the survey. About half of the surveyed internists and rheumatologists reported prescribing placebo treatments on a regular basis (46-58%, depending on how the question was phrased). Most physicians (399, 62%) believed the practice to be ethically permissible. Few reported using saline (18, 3%) or sugar pills (12, 2%) as placebo treatments, while large proportions reported using over the counter analgesics (267, 41%) and vitamins (243, 38%) as placebo treatments within the past year. A small but notable proportion of physicians reported using antibiotics (86, 13%) and sedatives (86, 13%) as placebo treatments during the same period. Furthermore, physicians who use placebo treatments most commonly describe them to patients as a potentially beneficial medicine or treatment not typically used for their condition (241, 68%); only rarely do they explicitly describe them as placebos (18, 5%). Conclusions Prescribing placebo treatments seems to be commonand is viewedas ethically permissible among the surveyedUS internists and rheumatologists. Vitaminsand over the counter analgesics are the most commonly used treatments. Physiciansmight not be fully transparent with their patients about the use of placebos and might have mixed motivations for recommending such treatments. INTRODUCTION The use of placebo treatments in clinical medicine is ethically controversial. 2 The placebo effect refers to positive clinical outcomes caused by a treatment that is not attributable to its known physical properties or mechanism of action. The placebo effect is often explained as the result of positive expectation, belief, or hope in patients derived from the clinical encounter. 4 Before 1960, administration of inert substances to promote placebo effects or to satisfy patients' expectations of receiving a prescribed treatmentwas commonplace in medical practice. With the development of effective pharmaceutical interventions and the increased emphasis on informed consent, the use of placebo treatments in clinical care has been widely criticised. Prescribing a placebo, it is claimed, involves deception and therefore violates patients' autonomy and informed consent. 15 Advocates of placebo treatments argue that promoting the placebo effect might be one of themost effective treatments available for many chronic conditions and can be accomplished without deception. "Placebo treatment" is an unclear and complicated concept that lacks a standard definition. Placebo treatments include "inert" agents that have little or no pharmacological activity, such as sugar pills and saline injections given to promote positive expectation, and physiologically active agents, such as vitamins or antibiotics, that the physician prescribes solely or primarily to promote positive psychological effects. Furthermore, clinicians might recommend an "active" treatment to elicit a possible pharmacological effect and a placebo response simultaneously. Given these and other terminological difficulties, for the purposes of our research we defined a "placebo treatment" as a treatment whose benefits (in the opinion of the clinician) derive from positive patient expectations and not from the physiological mechanism of the treatment itself. Despite the persistent controversy surrounding the use of placebo treatments, there are few systematic data concerning physicians' attitudes towards and use of placebo treatments in the United States. The few contemporary surveys from other countries suggest Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Osher Institute, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02215 Section of Internal Medicine and the McClean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2007 Chicago, IL 60637 Correspondence to: J Tilburt email@example.com Cite this as: BMJ 2008;337:a1938 doi:10.1136/bmj.a1938 BMJ | ONLINE FIRST | bmj.com page 1 of 5 on 24 October 2008 bmj.com Downloaded from


Oblivious transfer (OT) is an important primitive in cryptography. In chosen one-out-of-two OT, Alice offers two bits, one of which Bob can choose to read, not learning any information about the other bit. Alice on the other hand does not obtain any information about Bob's choice. We present a new technique for the same task in quantum environment, based on POVM measurements. It is shown that our method has two important advantages over the previous approaches. First, it is unconditionally secure without invoking a commitment scheme, and second, it is more efficient in terms of communication complexity.


A new constitutive model for thin, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, soft biological tissues is proposed. The thin tissue is modelled as a membrane, and the constitutive behaviour is characterized by a s ...


The Sainte-Anne cirque in the Queyras area contains several active rock glaciers. The internal structure of the main two (Ste-Anne and Petite-Part) have been studied by electrical means (about 15 resistivity soundings of the Schlumberger type). The apparatus and the methodology have been tested in the Alps since 1986. The shape of the resistivity curves clearly shows the occurrence of ice in the ground. The interpretation of these curves leads us to estimate the ice content and geometry of the investigated layers. In the Sainte-Anne area, the internal structure of the rock glaciers is somewhat complex, with coexistence of rather pure ice from the upper glacierets and ice-cemented sediments of periglacial origin. The tongue of the rock glacier can be iceless (Sainte-Anne). The active terminal lobe always contains a core of poorly ice-cemented sediments. This is responsible for the measured movements (35 cm/a) and the observed ridges. This core, actually melting, is about 20 m thick at Sainte-Anne and 10 m at Petite-Part, under a few metres of ice-free sediments.


The systematic description of a new species of terebratulid from the Aalenian of northern Spain is presented. Sphaeroidothyris uretae sp. nov. is distinctive for the small size of the specimens, with both valves inflated at the umbonal region, strong beak carrying a very small round foramen, and a slightly folded anterior commissure, that commonly shows the valve margins meeting at a sharp angle. It has been assigned to the genus Sphaeroidothyris on the basis of the inflation and slight folding of the shell, though a certain heterogeneity is recognised within this genus. S. uretae sp. nov. is stated in terms of the regional stratigraphic framework, and the other brachiopod species which co-occur with it are also cited and figured. Finally, the paleobiogeographic affinities of the asso-


This paper investigate the perfect tracking problem for a class of second-order hyperbolic impulsive linear distributed parameter systems (DPSs) based on iterative learning control (ILC). The P-type ILC law is used to fully track the discontinuous output trajectory. Using the contraction mapping method and impulsive Gronwall inequality, the convergence of output error is proved through strict mathematical analysis. And a numerical simulation is given to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.


Highly transparent OLEDs are very attractive for lighting and light beautification applications. While the transparent anode is based on transparent ITO, the transparent cathode is based on a 3-layer approach: (semi)transparent electron injection layer that is a low work function metal, electrically transparent conductor used in order to limit the voltage drop across the OLED area, and overcoat to tune the optical properties without influencing the electrical properties. Transparent encapsulation based on thin film technology is used in order to protect devices from ambient exposure. Using this approach large area (50 cm 2 ) transparent organic light-emitting device having 75% transparency in the off state is demonstrated. The efficiency of the transparent OLED is comparable with that of bottom emission OLED. It is demonstrated that by tuning the thickness and optical properties of both the cathode and the encapsulation the amount of light emitted through the anode and the cathode can be varied while the total amount of light emitted by the OLED remains the same. Moreover device optimization based on optical thin film calculations has been performed such that no angular dependence of emitted light is present both on anode and cathode side.


This qualitative study examined practice changes of health care practitioners 6 months after attending a multiday continuing professional development program. Practitioners in nine professions were trained in Parkinson's disease treatment and interprofessional team practice. Thematic analysis of practitioners' narrative responses identified themes and subthemes of changes in work with patients/families and interprofessional teams. The analysis distinguished knowledge, attitude, and behavior changes. A range of clinically meaningful practice changes, the majority at behavior levels, emerged from a diverse sample. Patient-centered approaches increased, as did interprofessional teamwork, collaboration and movement toward more coordinated, integrated care. Future research should include verifying observational data and assess longer posttraining time periods.


A simple ring structure to realise a Ka-band circularly polarised microstrip reflectarray is presented. With rotation techniques employed to focus the reflected wave at a focal point, a 0.5 m right-hand circularly polarised microstrip reflectarray is developed and tested at 31.75 GHz resulting in 50% aperture efficiency. The cross-polarisation levels measured are 40.7 dB down at broadside, showing the validity of the structure.


Adequate access to credit is necessary for the sustainable development of agriculture. This study uses a double hurdle model to investigate what affects farming households' credit participation and amount, and a Probit model to find out credit constraints. For this purpose, the data from a survey of 292 farming households in Afghanistan was utilized. The study finds that households obtain credit for their agricultural activities from various formal and informal sources. The results of the double hurdle model reveal that the financial activities of the households were positively determined by crop diversity, education, number of adults in a household, size of land, and access to extension. Non-agricultural income decreases the likelihood of participation. The results of the analysis of credit constraints indicate that formal credit did not help small-scale and remoter farming households; however, these households relied on informal credit, especially when they faced income shock. Furthermore, religious belief increased the chances of avoiding formal credit but not informal credit. It is suggested that formal credit should be expanded to rural areas, especially to small-scale farming households. Policy makers should also consider increasing access to extension. Formal financial institutions should provide Sharia-compliant credit, which increases the confidence level of households in using formal credit in Afghanistan.


Palilalia is a speech disorder that is not often reported in the literature. This paper presents details of a linguistic analysis of the reiterations of two palilalic patients: a 17-year-old boy with diffuse brain damage subsequent to a motor vehicle accident and a 56-year-old woman who over time suffered two cerebrovascular accidents affecting respectively the left and the right hemisphere. The analysis included a determination of the frequency of occurrence of reiterations in different speech tasks, a determination of the severity of the reiterations, an analysis of the locus of the reiterations within an utterance, an assessment of the grammatical characteristics of the words reiterated, a description of the phonological characteristics of the words reiterated, and an analysis of the types of reiteration demonstrated. Results suggest that palilalia is not a uniform disorder but can manifest in different forms and that the core problem in palilalia is not only a matter of inhibition of speech but also of the initiation and progression of speech.


A new multiplier-divider circuit using a single Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier (CDBA) and only six MOSFETs has been presented. The proposed circuit has the advantage of simultaneously realizing a multiplier and divider without changing the circuit topology. The basic functions of the proposed circuit have been verified through PSPICE simulations using a CMOS CDBA and NMOS transistors with process parameters of 0.35 µm CMOS technology and some application results of the proposed cell in various modes of operation have been included.


Five types of surface integral equation (IE) formulations are presented to determine the characteristic modes of dielectric and magnetic bodies. It should be noted that these five formulations are derived in a unified manner. Instead of directly using the IE coefficient matrices of scattering problems, this paper presents the formulations in a more natural and rigorous way. The IE formulations result in the generalized real symmetric eigenvalue equations for the characteristic modes. It is found that the eigenvalues of the first four formulations indicate the negative or positive imaginary part of the complex power of the characteristic modes, which are zero at resonance. The first two IE formulations result in two new generalized eigenvalue equations, while the last three IE formulations lead to the same generalized eigenvalue equations as in the references. Moreover, the first two formulations can be immune from spurious modes from which the third and fourth formulations suffer.


Procedure brine treatment. # The present invention relates to a method of treatment of brines, consisting of the injection of certain reagents in the appropriate dose followed by an extraction step to recover the different agents obtained in order to reuse the once brines can adapt to other industrial processes, getting offset some of the costs and environmental impact of desalination plants.


Henry V Presented by the Oregon Shakespeare Festival at the Thomas Theatre, Ashland, Oregon. February 21–October 27, 2018. Directed by Rosa Joshi. Set by Richard L. Hay. Costumes by Sara Ryung Clement. Lighting by Geoff Korf. Composer and sound design by Palmer Heffernan. Choreography by Alice Gosti. Fights by U. Jonathan Toppo. With Daniel José Molina (King Henry V), Moses Villarama (Lewis the Dauphin/Gower/Bishop of Ely), Rex Young (Charles VI of France/Fluellen/Archbishop of Canterbury), Jessica Ko (Katherine/Montjoy/Boy), Michele Mais (Hostess Quickly/Alice/French Ambassador), Tyrone Wilson (Exeter), and others.


Values of moisture, volatile matter and ash obtained by TGA were compared with those obtained by the ASTM methods. The standard deviations for coal were similar to the ASTM values for moisture and v.m. but higher for ash.


Background: It has been hypothesized that maternal characteristics may affect infants' experience of pain during stressful medical procedures. Aim: To investigate the role of maternal depressed mood on infants' response to vaccination, and to determine the effectiveness of different soothing behaviours in reducing infant distress. Methods: Twenty‐eight mothers and their healthy, full‐term infants participated in a prospective study. At infant age 2 mo, mothers completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and an adapted version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS); at infant age 4.5 mo, mothers were administered the mood scale and were observed with their infants during routine vaccination. Results: Higher levels of maternal depressed mood were predictive of a stronger infant pain response at routine vaccination. Contingencies derived from sequential analyses revealed that the soothing behaviours most effective in reducing infant distress were holding and face‐to‐face contact, whereas looking at the child from a distance was significantly associated with an increase in infant distress.


Mechanical and microstructure of double side weld with various angle groove was studied in this research. LR Gr A steel plates (12 mm thickness) were welded using GMAW with corresponding 180 A, 23 V, and 20 l/min respectively with current, voltage, and gas flow. Shielding gas and filler metals used are argon and ER 70S-6. The angle groove that used were 20⁰, 40⁰ and 60⁰. The measured of mechanical properties with regard to hardness, toughness and strength using, Vickers hardness test, Charpy impact test and tensile test respectively The microstructure examined with optical microscope. The results show that the highest hardness values found in welds with groove angle 40ͦ. The transition temperatures of weld metals are at temperatures between -20°C to 0°C. Weld metals with all variations of the groove angle has a value of less than 0.1 mmpy. Microstructure of base metals and HAZ were ferrite and pearlite. While the microstructure of weld metals are accicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite.


An analytical treatment of the injection locking of CW dye lasers, taking into account the Fabry-Perot enhancement of the laser cavity is presented. The analysis, restricted to the case where the injected radiation is resonant within the injected resonator, is based on a set of rate equations for the population densities and photon flux. Analytical solutions are found which allow the injection threshold conditions to be easily determined, and which describe the different intracavity intensities characterizing the system. The dependence of these quantities on various parameters such as input coupler transparency, pump intensity, injected intensity, and wavelength is analyzed. These results correct, in the case of steady-state laser operation, the theoretical predictions obtained by Ganiel et al. from a model where only the field intensities were considered instead of the field amplitudes. The experimental feasibility of CW ring dye laser injection locking is discussed and the conditions for an optimum system, in terms of intracavity power are determined.


Tomography deals with the reconstruction of images from their projections. The projection and backprojection operators are key building blocks of a wide range of tomography algorithms. Although various aspects of these operators have been studied throughout the literature, a review of modeling and implementation aspects is currently lacking. In this work we give an overview of the various design choices to be made when implementing these operations, and their relation to accuracy, computing time and memory requirements.


Objective To observe the changes of extracellular matrix(ECM) production and hypertrophy of glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs) induced by high glucose(HG),and the inhibitory role of myriocin(ISP-1).Methods GMC cultured with normal glucose(5.6 mmol/L D-Glucose,NG),HG(25.2 mmol/L D-Glucose) and HG plus ISP-1(100 mg/L) for different durations(0,24,48,(72 h)).The sizes of GMC were indicated by forward scatter intensity,measured by flow cytometery,and the levels of fibronection(FN),collagen Ⅳ(Col Ⅳ),laminin(LN),precollagen Ⅲ(Pcol Ⅲ) and hyaluronic acid(HA) in the supernatant of cultured GMC were detec-(ted) by ELISA.Results Compared with NG,HG could induce GMC hypertrophy(P0.05),the levels of FN,Col Ⅳ,LN,Pcol Ⅲ and HA in the supernatant of cultured GMC were higher in HG group than those in NG group(P0.05).Compared with HG,HG plus ISP-1 significantly attenuated the GMC hypertrophy(P0.05),and lowered ECM production of cultured GMC(P0.05),and it was more obvious during 48 to 72 hours.Conclusions High concentration of extracellular glucose can induce hypertrophy and ECM synthesis of GMC,which are significantly inhibited by ISP-1.Therefore,ISP-1 may be used in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


The frequency response of a one-dimensional (1D) sea surface was investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm with pulsed wave excitation. Where the sea water is regarded as an isotropic and dispersive medium, it satisfies the single-pole Debye model. The auxiliary differential equation (ADE) technique is incorporated into the FDTD scheme to deal with the dispersive sea surface. To ensure the feasibility of our present method, the frequency response of dispersive sea surface by the ADE-FDTD method is compared with the result by the conventional method of moments (MOM), which requires an individual calculation for every frequency point of interest. Finally, the scattering characteristic of dispersive sea water is investigated for different wind speed, temperature, and salinity. The representative far zone scattered field versus time is also analyzed.


This research examines the effect of communication and job satisfaction on the performance of civil servants in Jambi Province in order to provide adequate input and knowledge for readers. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to employees with a Likert' scale of 1 – 2, used for analysis. The results showed that communication (X1) has no partial effect on performance (Y), while job satisfaction (X2) has a positive and significant effect on performance (Y). Similarly, there is a partial effect between communication (X1) and job satisfaction (X2) variables towards the performance (Y) on the Manpower and Transmigration Office employees in Jambi Province.


2015 dissertation for MSc Finance and Risk. Selected by academic staff as a good example of a masters level dissertation.
Purpose: The research paper purpose is to investigate the ESG correlation with financial performance from operational accounting and intrinsic firm value perspective. The study throroughly concentrates on E&P companies in UK, Canada and US because there is a deficiency of studies analysing single industry or sector. Moreover, the study is going to add a particular value to investors and stakeholders involved in the E&P companies.
Critical Literature Review: The literature review examines individually E, S, and G factors in prior research papers in order to establish a foundation to construct the current study thesis with particular focus on E-score because of its pivotal impact on E&P sector.
Methodology: An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) panel data method is used in Eviews8, econometric software, to test the ESG factors and financial performance correlation. In addition, the companies' financial data is collected via the Bloomberg Professional Service Terminal while the ESG data via Thomson Reuters DataStream.
Data Analysis: The empirical framework is divided into two models, which consist of 73 and 34 E&P companies over the period from 2009 to 2014. The first model aims to identify prior studies suggested variables as irrelevant for the E&P sector. Whereas, the second model purpose is to enhance the first model equation and to supplement unique determinants for the E&P companies.
Findings: The first model results prove a gap in the previous studies by identifying weak explanatory power in the variables. However the second model signifies an enhanced model with better-integrated variables. In result, the operating performance demonstrates a positive correlation with E-score while firm value indicates a negative correlation, which is inconsistent with the majority of research paper findings.


Nature has long been a rich inspiration for artists and poets and an endless source of wonder for biologists to understand its workings. For millennia, humans have also relied on natural products in medicine, buildings or clothing and nature has inspired numerous technological inventions, architecture and design. But it is only recently that human efforts to exploit the design and functions of natural systems have become a systematic field of research in its own right. To date, the examples of technologies and materials that were inspired by nature have been limited to isolated and often almost chance discoveries, initially confined to the world of materials. The best known and first major commercial success was the Velcro hook and loop fastener, conceived in 1941 by Swiss engineer George de Mestral, who was inspired by the way burrs or seeds of the burdock plant kept sticking to his clothes. He examined them under a microscope and noted that hundreds of miniature hooks caught on anything with a loop, such as clothing, animal fur, or hair.

The case of Velcro was fairly unique as it was inspired by simple observation with the naked eye in combination with a low‐powered microscope. Since then a number of other important technologies or materials were developed based on natural systems, but these involved more detailed probing at smaller scales down to the molecular level. Another well‐known example of such biomimicry is the ability of molecular structures on the surface of plant leaves to repel water that has been copied to varying degrees in artificial materials or technologies. Yet, the field has been expanding beyond materials to embrace medicine, renewable energy production and chemical engineering, stimulated in recent years by the growing movement toward sustainability and reuse, which, the proponents of biomimicry hope, will be easier to attain …


Children's participation in the digital environment is gaining more attention as children seem to be active audiences, selecting and developing digital skills to access and interact across multiple platforms and devices. Nonetheless, little is known about media participation from the children's perspective. This article presents the quantitative results of a survey of 244 children aged seven to fourteen years in Colombia about their perception of media use as a form of participation. The study's results suggest that there is a varied range of media uses for different purposes that are not exclusive to just one device or one type of media. These results are significant as they show the way children look at their media landscape and engage with it. The authors also identify children's perception of participation as well as their feelings regarding their media engagement. This research gives particular impetus to efforts aimed at recognizing the meanings of children's participation in the media environment beyond the political and the civic duties to the social and the playful, incorporating children's perceptions, experiences, and roles in society.


Users always choose different language in no pages but the index page.This thesis analyzes the traditional multi-language solution of Web applicationand expounds how to implement the Web application based on MVC design pattern,in which dynamic change of language is supported.An applied instance of multi-language—Macau Memory—is introduced in the thesis.


Application of the model of platform fixed with conduit frame is the traditional form for developing oil and gas fields offshore,which makes building and installation technique for offshore platform more and more important.Taking towed loading and offshore installation as object,this paper discribes the courses of inland building and offshore installation for the whole structural module(conduit frame;platform;drilling machine;living building).


INTRODUCTION: Adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) presents a three-dimensional deformity in which progression can lead to decreased quality of life (QOL). OBJECTIVES:Determine the best questionnaire, SF-36 or SRS-22 to evaluate QOL in EIA. Secondarily, investigate the correlation between the degree of Cobb angle with visual analogue scale (VAS), and determine the best questionnaire, Oswestry or Roland Morris to evaluate the function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 19 subjects with EIA, aged 11 to 18, both gender, and Cobb angle above 25 Cobb degrees. We used the SF-36 and SRS-22 questionnaires to evaluate QOL, Oswestry and Roland Morris to evaluate the function and correlate Cobb degree and VAS. The questionnaires and scale were correlated with proximal thoracic, main thoracic and lumbar Cobb angles. RESULTS:The population studied had a mean age of 14.5 (3.1), weight 51 kg (7.9), height 1.61 m (0.08), BMI 18.75 (2.7). The Pearson correlation coefficients between the Oswestry questionnaire and the Cobb angles proximal thoracic, main thoracic and lumbar spine were, respectively: r = 0.58, r = 0.77 and r = 0.58. By correlating the Roland Morris questionnaire with Cobb angles of proximal thoracic and lumbar spine were, respectively: r = 0.72 and r = 0.52. By correlating with lumbar Cobb EVA was found r = 0.55. CONCLUSION:We found a strong correlation between the Oswestry questionnaire with the main thoracic Cobb angle and between the Roland Morris questionnaire with the main thoracic Cobb angle.


In today competitive world, banks in order to promote and progress should constantly utilize approaches and patterns for evaluating their function in organization. Concerning the importance of discussion, evaluating banks functions seems to be necessary for using an approach in order to determine all criterions and key factors. Thus, in resultant research of this article, balanced score card model was implemented. In resultant research of this article, firstly, four aspects of BSC for evaluating and assessing banks have been designated through studying perspectives, missions, solutions, banks' aims, overview of research literature, criterions, and sub criterions and then gravity of every criterion and sub criterion was determined by newspapermen help being specialized in the field of banking. And after gathering data related to every criterion, decision matrix was formed and banks were ranked by utilization of SAW, VIKOR, and TOPSIS techniques. Whereas it was possible that the methods results would be different, in the final step, borda method was embraced for consolidation of resultant outcomes and final ranking. In this research, Parsiyan bank got first rank, and Eghtesade Novin bank, KarAfarin Bank got second and third ranks respectively.


The technology of haw-carrot juice drink was studied. By orthogonal experiments, the basic formula was determined as haw juice : carrot juice = 2 : 1 and sugar 8%. Single factor and compounding experiments were carried out on different thickeners. The results showed that compound thickeners had a good stabilizing effect on the drink and that the optimum dosage was 0.1% xanthan gum + 0.05% locust bean gum.


Striking alterations in both collagen fibrils and basement membranes were revealed with the electron microscope in the lungs of rats exposed to subacute levels of nitrogen dioxide. Collagen fibrils underlying the terminal bronchiole in control rats increase slightly in size with age, and may appear stellate in cross section during old age. In marked contrast, young animals exposed to 17 ± 2 ppm for three months develop very large fibrils up to 15 times the normal diameter. The same response was observed in animals exposed to 2 ± 1 ppm for two or more years. The basement membrane under the epithelium of the terminal bronchiole also becomes greatly thickened. These alterations are seen after exposure to NO 2 at subacute levels that endure neither edema nor significant destruction of cells but cause viable tissue to undergo metabolic alterations reflected by the changes described.


Wear particles in lubricating grease used in ball grooves of a heavy load tracked vehicle's master clutch's release mechanism were observed and its digital photos were taken by a ferroscope. Those images were analyzed quantitatively via computer image technology by analyzing the configuration, size, color, and area percentage of wear particles. Wear ratio of abrasion, adhesion, contact fatigue and corrosion wear are quantificationally analyzed.


Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare presentation of plasma cell dyscrasia. Most such tumors arise on the upper aerodigestive tract and renal plasmacytoma is very rare. The patient was 44 years old female presented with a 3 month-history of palpable mass in the right flank. There was a past history of complete remission after a chemotherapy for multiple myeloma (6 cycles of VAD chemotherapy) for the two years following the first diagnosis. After surgical resection, histologic and immunofluorescence studies of resected specimens revealed that the renal parenchyma was destroyed by sheets of mature plasma cells producing monoclonal protein (IgG-lambda) and by deposits of amorphous eosinophilic substance stained with anti-lambda antisera. Treatment with chemotherapy of Hyper-CVAD and local irradiation was done. The patient has been disease-free for 3 months after treatment. We report a case of relapsed renal plasmacytoma after complete remission of multiple myeloma.


Although the idea and practice of democracy has gone through numerous reformulations since the days of Marx and Engels, it would appear that most of its contemporary intellectual and political cheerleaders are as priestly as ever. No more so than the proponents of the now dominant creed, liberal democracy. In South Africa, the leading members of this triumphal order come from a wide cross-section of political parties, institutions of corporate and finance capital and civil society, including the largest and most powerful political player of all, the African National Congress (ANC). Claims of opposition parties such as the Democratic Party (DP) notwithstanding, it is the ANC that has now become the standard-bearer of liberal democracy in South Africa. Since coming to power in 1994, the ANC has dutifully followed the liberal democratic formula of institutionalising (through a constitutional dispensation) a combination of individual rights and capitalist market economics. Just as in the past, when the 'liberal state sought to overcome [the] partisanship of predecessors to achieve neutrality by virtue of the generality of its purposes', so too has the ANC sought to make itself appear as though 'it serves all and comes from all'. Indeed, the ANC has effectively utilised the legitimating argument of liberal democracy that its link to society is purportedly that it operates at the level of the general interest. Now combined with the more recent global offensive mounted by internationalized corporate and finance capital ('neo-


In recent years two books have been published that bring together thirteen pieces by D. F. McKenzie, most of his best-known essays among them. These volumes — Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (1999) and Making Meaning: "Printers of the Mind" and Other Essays (2002) — are particularly welcome be cause there has been no previous collection, and some of his primary essays have been available only in rather out-of-the-way places — his Panizzi Lec tures (Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts, 1986) in a British Library pam phlet; his Bibliographical Society centenary lecture (" What's Past Is Prologue 1993) in a pamphlet with the imprint of Hearthstone Publications; and his Wolfenbiittel lecture ("Typography and Meaning") in a 1981 volume in the series of "Wolfenbutteler Schriften zur Geschichte des Buchwesens." There is


European football is in financial despair, having major debts and a competitive gap between the big teams and the others. The English Premier League is Europe´s most successful league in terms of global exposure and total revenue, however the league is subject to developments that instigate significant changes to the business side of the domestic football landscape. UEFA's club licensing system, and more notably the financial fair play regulation, aims to put stability and economic commonsense back into football. The break-even requirement is the most significant element of FFP, enforcing that clubs do not spend more money than they earn. In this book a model of stakeholder salience is applied to English football. More specifically, it is assessed which stakeholder issues are applicable to the implementation of the financial fair play regulation.


Pain is characterized as a complex experience, dependent not only on the regulation of nociceptive sensory systems but also on the activation of mechanisms that control emotional processes in limbic brain areas. Non-opioid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used analgesics in the treatment of not-severe pain. We have recently shown that repeated doses result in tolerance to these drugs like opioids. Here we investigated the central brain mechanisms of non-opioid induced antinociception in the non-acute pain models of rats, such as the 'formalin test' and a relation between administration of NSAIDs in the limbic brain area, – the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), – and the endocannabinoid system. We measured nociceptive thermal paw withdrawal latencies and mechanical thresholds monolaterally in rats following microinjections of NSAIDs, saline or the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist (AM-251) in the ACC. When pretreated with AM-251 we found a significant reduction of analgesic effects of NSAIDs (diclofenac, ketoprofen, and xefocam). The present data support the notion that endocannabinoids' CB1 receptor contributes to antinociceptive effects of NSAIDs and probably involved in activation of the descending opioid modulatory system of pain. © 2018 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.


Summary Presently, the diagnosis of hip dysplasia is based on a single pelvic radiographic examination of the dog at the age of 12 to 24 months. However, by this method, only a static appearance of the coxofemoral joint is evaluated. The purpose of our study was to diagnose hip dysplasia in young dogs and consequently, we included a radiographic evaluation of the dynamic appearance of the coxofemoral joint. A stress-radiographic examination was applied to 23 German Shepherd Dogs at the age of six and 12 months to obtain maximal reduction and maximal dislocation of the coxofemoral joint. Finally, at the age of 12 months, the hips were examined radiographically using the conventional criteria for hip dysplasia. At the age of six months, dogs with hip dysplasia showed significantly greater joint laxity and lateral dislocation of the femoral head than normal dogs. However, some predysplastic dogs, with lateral dislocation of the femoral head, developed normal hips and would be approved for breeding. Based on these findings, we conclude that stress-radiographic examinations of young dogs provide important, hitherto unrecognized, information of relevance in the future screening programmes to reduce the incidence of hip dysplasia. A stress-radiographic examination of young dogs provides important, hitherto unrecognized, information of relevance in the future screening programmes to reduce the incidence of hip dysplasia.


Ectopic pancreas is a disease where pancreatic tissue occurs outside its normal anatomic location, without vascular continuity. Symptoms for this condition may depend on the localization of the ectopic tissue and originate from either mass effect or inflammation. The diagnosis of ectopic pancreas can be challenging due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. Herein, we report a case of recurrent abdominal pain diagnosed with gastric ectopic pancreas of uncommon size in an uncommon location. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed a large gastric polyp and endoscopic needle biopsy only identified normal gastric mucosa. However, computed tomography imaging revealed a protruding mass that, upon excision, was identified as ectopic pancreatic tissue. Two different pathological findings arose from two different sampling methods, leading us to the conclusion that ectopic pancreas should always be considered in the diagnosis of a GI tumor.


Within the naturally occuring flavonoid compounds, the flavones represent one of the most abundant and important class of secondary metabolites in nature. Besides their occurrence in flowers, they were also found in many other parts of higher plants with many different functions and are also abundant in plant-derived foods (e.g. vegetables and fruits). Furthermore, their benefits as bioactive substances and drugs in animal and human diseases are well known. In flower extracts of chemicogentically defined genotypes of Gerbera hybrids an enzyme activity was demonstrated which catalyses the formation of flavones. Further characterisation proved a correlation between the gene Fns and this enzyme activity, identified as flavone synthase II (FNS II) a microsomal NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and also the monogen inheritance of flavone formation in Gerbera. Further genetic experiments were performed to get hinds on the contribution of flavones on flower colour in Gerbera hybrids. Based on these data PCR techniques were used to clone full length cDNA (CYP93B2) of this gene. Northern blot analysis of total RNA of different Gerbera lines indicated that the CYP93B2 gene was only transcribed in lines with the dominant allele fns and that the transcription level during flower development is in agreement with measured enzyme activity of FNS II and flavone accumulation. Microsomes from yeast cells expressing CYP93B2 catalysed the direct formation of [C]flavones from the respective [C]flavanones. Thus, CYP93B2 was shown to encode FNS II. This new clone enables the control and specific manipulation of a step in flavonoid biosynthesis that is located at an important junction of this pathway leading to different flavonoids, such as flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, proanthocyanidins, catechins and anthocyanidins.