Surface charging by keV (kiloelectron Volt) electrons can pose a serious risk for satellites. There is a need for physical models with the correct and validated dynamical behavior. The 18.5‐month (2013–2015) output from the continuous operation online in real time as a nowcast of the Inner Magnetosphere Particle Transport and Acceleration Model (IMPTAM) is compared to the GOES 13 MAGnetospheric Electron Detector (MAGED) data for 40, 75, and 150 keV energies. The observed and modeled electron fluxes were organized by Magnetic Local Time (MLT) and IMPTAM driving parameters; the observed Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) BZ, BY, and |B|; the solar wind speed VSW; the dynamic pressure PSW; and Kp and SYM‐H indices. The peaks for modeled fluxes are shifted toward midnight, but the ratio between the observed and modeled fluxes at around 06 MLT is close to 1. All the statistical patterns exhibit very similar features with the largest differences of about 1 order of magnitude at 18–24 MLT. Based on binary event analysis, 20–78% of threshold crossings are reproduced, but Heidke skill scores are low. The modeled fluxes are off by a factor of 2 in terms of the median symmetric accuracy. The direction of the error varies with energy: overprediction by 50% for 40 keV, overprediction by 2 for 75 keV, and underprediction by 18% for 150 keV. The revealed discrepancies are due to the boundary conditions developed for ions but used for electrons, absence of substorm effects, representations of electric and magnetic fields which can result in not enough adiabatic acceleration, and simple models for electron lifetimes.


Abstract : The mission of the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory encompasses a broad and dynamic field requiring the professional technical personnel to update continuously their fundamental and technical knowledge. As a result, a series of 31 selected seminars by leading authorities in aero propulsion and allied fields was conducted to help the technical person to be abreast of his own technical specialty and also to be familiar with related areas. The summaries of the unclassified seminars are included in this report. (Author)


ABSTRACT Cold has a major impact on rice, so rice can only grow in specific climate zones. TMP14 (thylakoid membrane protein of 14 kDa) is a nuclear genome-encoded chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein, which is involved in a wide range of abiotic stress responses. However, the knowledge of TMP14 roles in response to adverse stimuli is still very limited in rice. Based on the results of expression profiles, OsTMP14 (GenBank accession: BAF27084.1) was highly induced in both leaf and panicle at all the developmental stages of rice analyses under cold and drought stresses. Sequence analyses of OsTMP14 putative promoter regions identified nine cis-elements related to stress responses. Furthermore, transgenic rice plants with overexpression of OsTMP14 showed more tolerance to cold stress. Taken together, these results indicate that OsTMP14 is involved in stress tolerance in rice, which is useful in developing transgenic rice with enhancing tolerance to cold stress.


The problem of tuberculosis in infancy and childhood? especially in infancy?is still far from being solved. The British Paediatric Association published a report (1943) on " The Early Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Childhood," and this report gave rise to considerable criticism on the part of the various tuberculosis organizations. Arising out of this a joint meeting of the Tuberculosis Association and the British Paediatric Association was held, and, in spite of the friendly spirit evident, it was clear that each party viewed the problem . in an entirely different light. The Tuberculosis Association members quoted figures from their official returns, both of morbidity and of mortality, which were totally at variance with the clinical experience of the paediatricians, and in the main their conclusion was that " childhood tuberculosis is not of great importance to the public health services," and their plea was for the paediatricians to preserve a sense of propor tion! Now, there must be some explanation for this divergence of views about both the incidence and the importance of the condition. Are paediatricians wrong in stressing the matter as they do? Are they making too much fuss about something of less importance to the community than adult phthisis? I do not think so. Anyone working among children, and particu larly in children's hospitals, and seeing the scores of infants dying of tuberculous meningitis must realize the gravity of the situation, considering that the majority of such infants die within three months of their initial infection and that every year thousands of infants and children are infected by phthisi cal adults. Although the majority pass through their primary infection and are none the worse for it, and although only a very small proportion progress to tuberculous meningitis, yet * there is much pain and illness due to bone, joint, and kidney disease following a primary infection, as th? records of any children's hospital will show. It is interesting that the American public health administra tors take a view similar to that of our tuberculosis authorities. Plunkett (1939) estimates that it costs 40 times as much to find a case of childhood tuberculosis as it does an adult case, and he therefore recommends investigating only children from known tuberculous households?which is what obtains gener ally in this country. Nelson (1942) says, further: "One must recognize the necessity of being selective in the expenditure of the efforts of public health agencies and the need for directing activities into the channels which will be productive of the greatest good to the general population." Why is there this divergence of views? I think the tuber culosis officers do not get a fair view of the picture as paedia tricians see it. Many cases are missed : many more are never seen by the tuberculosis officer ; they are sent direct into hospital or to the out-patient department, and there their notification is either intentionally or inadvertently overlooked. Few convalescent homes will admit cases of tuberculosis even though they are certified as non-infective, as most of them are, and prolonged convalescence is an integral part of their treat ment and it is unwise for them to go to sanatoria, where there is a risk of their coming into further contact with open tuber culosis. Furthermore, from a practical point of view, it would be impossible for tuberculosis officers, under existing condi tions, to deal with all the cases, even if there were adequate accommodation. Diagnosis Primary tuberculosis is important because it is the com monest manifestation, because it is often difficult to diagnose, because it most easily leads to the tracing of the adult infector, and because when adequately treated it gives excellent results. As is well known, it is usually intrathoracic and due to direct droplet infection or, in the case of crawling infants, to infected dried dust from the floors or carpets of a house where a phthisical adult lives. The ordinary symptoms of adult tuberculosis?cough, fever, night sweats, loss of weight, sputum and haemoptysis?are not common symptoms in primary tuberculosis in infants or children.


ABSTRACT Extracellular enzymes produced by thermophilic bacteria played an important role in promoting the reduction of penicillin fermentation residue after appropriate amounts of metal ions are added in this study. The results showed that soluble chemical oxigen demand (SCOD) quickly reached the maximum value of 3943 mg•L−1 within 2 h during biological pretreatment by thermophilic bacteria at an optimum value of 200 μmol•L−1 Na+ with a suspended solid (SS) removal rate of 90.96%. Na+ also promoted NH4+-N. At 200 μmol•L−1 K+ and at 20 h, SCOD increased, and its maximum concentrations were higher than those of the blank test. NH4+-N concentration also reached 102.04 mg•L−1. At 200 μmol•L−1 Ca2+, the SS removal rate was 78.66%. Ca2+ addition did not promote the release of SCOD. NH4+-N was also inhibited.


Objective To Compare large arterial distensibility between elderly hypertensive patients and non-elderly hypertensive patients; Select sensitive index to reflect large artery damage in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods Automatic pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis system was applied to examine 130 hypertensive patients, 88 men,42 women, mean age 54.95±10.59 years. Among them 49 were elderly patients (age≥60 years). Carotid-femoral PWV acted as a parameter to reflect large artery distensibility. B-mode ultrasound was used to detect carotid artery. Common carotid artery diameter, common carotid artery cross-sectional compliance (CSC), common carotid artery volumic distensibility(VD) were measured. Multiple factors analysis was used to select sensitive factors that reflect the change of PWV. Results Pulse pressure, PWV, and common carotid artery systolic diameter were higher in elderly hypertensive patients (P=0.005 3, P=0.000 1,P=0.030 0, respectively); Common carotid artery CSC and common carotid artery VD had no significant difference between elderly hypertensive patients and non-elderly hypertensive patients (P=0.813 8,P=0.855 0,respectively); Multiple factors analysis demonstrated that age (r=0.462 8,P= 0.000 1) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.309 1,P=0.000 7) were parameters that had close relationship with PWV. Conclusions Hypertension could induce damage of large artery distensibility, particularly in elderly patients. Age and systolic blood pressure had close relationship with PWV.PWV could sensitive reflect change of large artery distensibility, it could be used as an important no-invasive, simple, repetitive measurement index to evaluate large artery damage and prognostic risk of elderly hypertensive patients.


ABSTRACT Increasing strains on self‐sufficiency within the block of East European command economies resulted in the dramatic decision to change over to an economic system largely based on market forces. The painfulness of the ensuing transformation process will be mitigated somewhat by supportive economic policies of the West, including the European Community which is itself aiming at complete economic integration by the end of 1992. The consequences for the developing countries of these far‐reaching policy changes in East and West are likely to be negative, at least in the immediate future. This is true for the volume of development assistance given by East and West, as well as for the export prospects of developing countries. Favourable effects might at best be expected in the longer run.


Tree architecture plasticity enables individuals to maximize filling of the available space and minimize the competition effect; tree crowns can be distributed more regularly than stem bases. We conducted a study in a temperate mixed forest (Krakow, Poland) to test the idea of a new angular competition index (CI) and its application in modeling crown radii (CR) and crown projections (CPs) of 30 Quercus robur trees. The statistical method used was random forest algorithm. The model allows the prediction of the CP shape on the basis of stem spatial distribution and diameter, measurement of two CR per target tree and local topography; it can be used to compare the inter- and intra-specific architectural plasticity of the canopy trees.


Objective:To observe the effect of Xiaogu Ruanjian pill on liver Cirrhosis rats blood and liver basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF).Methods:Reproduced the rats models of cirrhosis by adopting complex factors,compared with Fufang Biejia Ruanganpill,the effect of Xiaogu Ruanjian Pill on hepatic pathology and bFGF were observed.Results:Compared with normal group,extensive fibrous tissue hyperplasia can be seen in hepatic mesenchyme of the model group,the liver pseudolobule formed,the contents of bFGF in liver were increased(P0.01).Compared with model group,there were a few fibrous tissue hyperplasia in high-dosage group,low-dosage group and control group,no fibrotic septa formed.The contents of bFGF in liver were decreased(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusion:Xiaogu Ruanjian pill could obviously improve the cirrhosis rat pathology,decrease the contents of bFGF in liver,decrease or restrain the happening or development of ascites.


Today's leaders must thrive in a world of turbulence and constant change. Unstable conditions frequently generate crises, emphasizing the need for crisis leadership preparedness, which is missing from many business curricula. Thus, the purpose of this work was to develop a learning module in crisis leadership preparedness. As a baseline measure or pretest, 217 graduate students were asked to analyze two crisis leadership cases during the first week of an entry leadership class. Content analysis provided the method to identify where student analyses fell short. These gaps in learning then informed the creation of student learning objectives. Applying inquiry-based learning, I then suggest instructional methods that I incorporated into an active learning module to better prepare today's leaders for crisis leadership.


This paper presents a full-wave analysis method for printed apertures in anisotropic stripline structures. Both electric and magnetic anisotropy of the most general form are assumed. Working in the Fourier domain, closed form expressions for the transformed electromagnetic fields are derived. Special attention is dedicated to the particular case of dielectric uniaxial anisotropy. In this case, spectral Green's functions in compact and closed form are obtained. Guided modes in the anisotropic layers sandwiched by the ground planes are also analyzed.


Abstract : The military has been assigned the leading role in drug interdiction in the 'War on Drugs.' National attention continues to focus on the supply side of the drug abuse problem rather than on the demand side. If the size of the military drug interdiction budget is any indication of drug interdiction's level of priority in mission accomplishment, drug interdiction has no priority. One- tenth of one percent of the Department of Defense Budget is allocated to drug interdiction and less than one-half of one percent of the fiscal year 1989 U.S. Government Budget is specifically for the 'War on Drugs.' Executive and legislative interest in arresting drug abuse through drug interdiction has more vocal support than financial support. 'The Military's Role in Drug Interdiction Can Be Successful' if success is defined as more effective use of its present resources. Drug trafficking intercept rates can improve but not enough to greatly reduce the abuse of drugs in the United States. Congress and the President are using the military to attack the supply side of a demand driven drug abuse problem. (SDW)


Analog modular architectures, derived from the computational paradigm of state-controlled cellular neural networks (SC-CNNs), are considered in this brief to process signals gathered from a distributed set of sensors. A novel design methodology for choosing the "local" system parameters so as to obtain the desired "global" signal processing function is proposed together with some theoretical results on sufficient conditions that guarantee asymptotic stability. An experimental prototype of cellular neural network for multisensor data fusion and control applications is presented and its adoption in the field of smart structures is discussed.


Sorption properties and kinetic parameters of hydrogenating and dehydrogenating processes of Ti0.475Zr0.3Mn0.225 eutectic alloy, in which partial substitution of each of its component with 2% and 5% of vanadium is performed, are investigated by Sieverts' method. As determined, the introduction of vanadium within the specified limits results in decrease of the temperature of the start of intensive hydrogen absorption, decrease of the duration of hydrogenating process, and also in substantial increase of sorption capacity (up to 2.85% wt.). As shown, the alloys, which are subjected to the sorption— desorption cycling, possess as much activated surface that behave themselves with regard to hydrogen similar to intermetallic compounds and can absorb hydrogen at the room temperature and the pressure of 0.23 MPa from the first seconds of the contact of the specimen with the hydrogen-containing medium with the average rate of (2—4)103 wt.%/s.


The invention relates to a photovoltaic device comprising at least two photovoltaic elements each of which is adapted to receive light to create at its output a current capable of charging an energy storage device and / or supplying electrical power to a component and / or carry encoded information in the light, characterized in that it comprises a management authority to which several or all of the various photovoltaic elements are connected, said management unit being configured to be able to control in real time the functioning of each photovoltaic element according to initial programming or use case of the photovoltaic device.


The flavour problem and the viability of texture zeros of the Majorana mass matrix in the 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing scenario are investigated in this work using a novel bottom-up technique where we leverage the pertinent concepts of full modular group, modular invariants, and $A_4$ flavour symmetry as theoretical tools for the explicit construction of neutrino models. In this approach we treat each chiral field as modular forms in the 3+1 neutrino mixing which are constrained by the $A_4$ modular symmetry. Using these techniques, we create straightforward predictive models that only depends on a few parameters and simultaneously explains the observed pattern of neutrino mixing without the need for fine-tuning, allowing us to perceive the feasible zero textures of the Majorana mass matrix under the 3+1 framework.We discuss the implications of the allowed 3+1 zero textures by analyzing the sterile neutrino parameters, providing insight into the flavor problem and the viability of the Majorana mass matrix. The values of the active-sterile mixing (ASM) parameters predicted from our models are highly consistent with the $3\sigma$ values of the ASM parameters.


Dr. Chui received the BSc degree in Computing Studies (Information Systems) from the Hong Kong Baptist University in 2004, the M.Phil and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from the University of Hong Kong in 2008 and 2010 respectively. He is interested in database and data mining research in Computer Science, as well as pedagogical research in computing education. He aimed to provide highquality computing education to students in primary, secondary and tertiary levels in Hong Kong. He was selected for the University Outstanding Teaching Award (Individual Award) of the University of Hong Kong in 2015-16, and the Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award (Individual Award) of the Faculty of Engineering in 2012-13. He has also received the Teaching Excellence Award in the Department of Computer Science in 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16.


A configuration data processing device to receive successive images from a video camera, means for detecting an average image brightness of the image received from the video camera, the average image luminance is less than the threshold luminance value game processing having means for detecting whether or not, and means for starting the control function of the game processing apparatus in response to detection of the threshold luminance value smaller than the average image brightness over at least a threshold number of successive images apparatus.


Traffic congestion is a source of significant economic and social costs in urban areas. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are a promising means to help alleviate congestion by utilizing advanced sensing, computing, and communication technologies. This paper investigates a basic ITS framework — Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) — using wireless vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication and assuming an ideal communication environment. Utilizing an off-the-shelf microscopic simulation model this paper explores both a centralized (CA) and decentralized (DCA) ATIS architecture. Results of this study indicate that an ATIS using wireless communication can save travel time given varying combinations of system characteristics: traffic flow, communication radio range, and penetration ratio. Challenges are also noted in relying solely on instrumented vehicle data in an ATIS implementation.


Influenza, generally known as the flu, is one of the most common viral respiratory infections with the capacity to disseminate around the world, one could say at lightning speed, in seasonal epidemics, reaching its summit over the course of winter. Influenza is a serious infectious disease caused by RNA viruses which belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family. The first influenza pandemic was documented in 1580 and it has remained a viral disease of global dimension ever since . The four researchers analyzed medical literature reported during the Spanish Flu pandemic from 1918 to 1920. The metaanalysis of these data showed that treatment of new victims of the virus in 1918 with convalescent whole blood, plasma or serum collected from patients who had recovered from Spanish Influenza resulted in reduced case-fatality rate of severely ill patients by 50% . In 1931, Goodpasture was the first who discovered a viral growth in embryonated hen's egg, and in the 1940s, the US military developed the first approved inactivated vaccines for influenza, used during World War II . Unlike other viral vaccines, annual influenza vaccination is recommended due to fast evolution of influenza viruses, evolve one million times faster than mammals, which results in high mutation rates and antigenic variations known as antigenic drift, a minor change such as amino acid substitution in virus surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and/or neuraminidase (NA), and antigenic shift, a new combination of different flu genes emerged to infect people . Traditional influenza vaccine composition


Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing has a long history of use and reached a good level of maturity in archaeological and cultural heritage applications, yet further advances are viable through the exploitation of novel sensor data and imaging modes, big data and high-performance computing, advanced and automated analysis meth-ods. This paper showcases the main research avenues in this field, with a focus on archaeological prospection and heritage site protection. Six demonstration use-cases with a wealth of heritage asset types (e.g. excavated and still buried archaeological features, standing monuments, natural reserves, burial mounds, paleo-channels) and respective scientific research objectives are presented: the Ostia-Portus area and the wider Province of Rome (Italy), the city of Wuhan and the Jiuzhaigou National Park (China), and the Siberian "Valley of the Kings" (Russia). Input data encompass both archive and newly tasked medium to very high-resolution imagery acquired over the last decade from satellite (e.g. Copernicus Sentinels and ESA Third Party Missions) and aerial (e.g. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAV) platforms, as well as field-based evidence and ground truth, auxiliary topographic data, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), and monitoring data from geodetic campaigns and networks. The novel results achieved for the use-cases contribute to the discussion on the advantages and limitations of optical and SAR-based archaeological and heritage applications aimed to detect buried and sub-surface archaeological assets across rural and semi-vegetated landscapes, identify threats to cultural heritage assets due to ground instability and urban development in large metropolises, and monitor post-disaster impacts in natural reserves.


(RCp)(R′Ind)ZrCl2 complexes 1–6 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl; Ind = indenyl; 1, R = PhCH2 and R′ = H; 2, R = PhCH2 and R′ = PhCH2; 3, R = PhCH2CH2 and R′ = H; 4, R = PhCH2CH2 and R′ = PhCH2; 5, R = o-MePhCH2CH2 and R′ = H; 6, R = o-MePhCH2 and R′ = H) were synthesized and characterized with 1H NMR, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy. Their catalytic behaviors were compared with those of (Et3SiCp)(PhCH2CH2Cp)ZrCl2, (PhCH2Cp)2ZrCl2, (PhCH2- CH2Cp)2ZrCl2, (o-MePhCH2CH2Cp)2ZrCl2, and (Ind)2ZrCl2 in ethylene polymerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane. Complex 5 showed high activity up to 2.43 × 106 g of polyethylene (PE)/mol of Zr h, and complex 4 produced PE with bimodal molecular weight distributions. The methyl group at the 2-position of phenyl in complex 5 increased the activity greatly. The relationships between the polymerization results and the structures were analyzed with NMR spectral data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1261–1269, 2005


The purpose of the present study was to examine the factor structure and construct validity of the Adult version of the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Scale (ANS-IE) with 409 adolescents and adults with mental retardation. Test scores were factor analyzed by gender, yielding a 6-factor solution for females and an 8-factor solution for males. There was a great deal of similarity on factor themes between genders, and similarity between previous analyses of the ANS-IE. Scores for males loaded heavily for factors pertaining to hard work, luck, and personal control. Those for females loaded most heavily on factors pertaining to helplessness, luck, and futility. The scores correlated moderately with conceptually related measures. Questions were raised pertaining to the degree to which individuals responded in an acquiescent manner. The utility of the tool for special educators and practitioners is discussed.


The use of remote monitoring programs in peritoneal dialysis (RMAPD) has been related to favorable clinical events, as well as possible reductions in healthcare costs, although the medical literature is scarce.

 Prospective, multicenter, longitudinal 2-year study of cohorts to evaluate the number of significant interventions: face-to-face consultations and unscheduled teleconsultations, number of kilometers (km) saved, as well as clinical consequences (hospitalizations, peritonitis) in a cohort of patients in automated peritoneal dialysis with and without exposure to RMAPD. The data are presented in terms of mean, standard deviation and percentage.

 The results of the first 3 months of analysis are shown, in descriptive terms, of incident patients in RMAPD versus No RMAPD, corresponding to 10 Spanish centers participating in the study. The data are shown in the Tables 1 and 2.

 In this first quarterly exploratory analysis, despite its limitations, it is evident:
 Although these results are promising, they still need to be confirmed during the follow-up of the patients over time and checked whether they are also related to other clinical and therapy parameters: time in therapy, technique abandonment rate, dialysis dose, peritonitis rate, hospitalizations and quality of life of the patient.


ER stress results in activation of the unfolded protein response and has been implicated in the development of fibrotic diseases. In this study, we show that inhibition of the ER stress‐induced IRE1α signaling pathway, using the inhibitor 4μ8C, blocks TGFβ‐induced activation of myofibroblasts in vitro, reduces liver and skin fibrosis in vivo, and reverts the fibrotic phenotype of activated myofibroblasts isolated from patients with systemic sclerosis. By using IRE1α−/− fibroblasts and expression of IRE1α‐mutant proteins lacking endoribonuclease activity, we confirmed that IRE1α plays an important role during myofibroblast activation. IRE1α was shown to cleave miR‐150 and thereby to release the suppressive effect that miR‐150 exerted on αSMA expression through c‐Myb. Inhibition of IRE1α was also demonstrated to block ER expansion through an XBP‐1‐dependent pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that ER stress could be an important and conserved mechanism in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and that components of the ER stress pathway may be therapeutically relevant for treating patients with fibrotic diseases.


This paper provides a brief history of the seminal developments in GaAs device technology and the subsequent application in wireless products. An industry outlook for current and future GaAs IC applications and other compound semiconductor devices is presented.


[Objective]To observe the status of concomitant disease and infectious disease among new students of a technical secondary school,so as to provide evidence for students' health care.[Methods]3 014 new students were carried out the health examination,chest x-ray,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)was applied to test HBSAg,the students with HBsAg positive in 2005 were carried out the text of HBV-M.[Results]3 014 blood serum samples were tested,the positive rate for HBsAg was 13.77%,the rate of boys was significantly higher than that of girls.The most common models of HBV infection were HBsAg(+)?HBeAg(+)?Anti-HBc(+),HBsAg(+)?Anti-HBe(+)?Anti-HBc(+),and HBSAg(+)with Anti-HBc(+).The detectable rate of concomitant diseases and other diseases was 47.71%,in which the rate of myopia was the highest(20.04%),the rates of trachoma(18.98%)and decayed tooth(7.9%)followed.[Conclusions]The propaganda and education of health care knowledge should be enforced to prevent and control prevalence of various disease in the campus.


The linac to ring beam transport line (LRBT) connects the 80 MeV linac and the 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the China spallation neutron source (CSNS). The linac and LRBT commissioning have been in progress in the past months and the H beam has been accelerated to the kinetic energy of 60MeV this April. The H beam in LRBT which was measured and commissioned transported through the long beam line with low loss. The beam commissioning process and results of LRBT are presented and discussed.


Note: The hospital shown was used to isolate smallpox patients and was sometimes referred to as the Isolation Hospital. It was on the north side of Winchester Street, just east of the Don River.


Free and glycosidically-bound aromatic characterization of 21 minority red grapevine varieties was carried out, along three consecutive vintages, using solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology (SPME-GC-MS). The two main study aims were to evaluate the possibility of aromatically differentiated varieties based on their origin and to test the aromatic profile for being used as a chemotaxonomic tool. Based on the results obtained in this research, it would be also interesting to verify in future studies if this varietal diversity could translate into a diversification of quality products in the current globalized wine market. A volatile profile was established grouping aroma compounds into thirteen families: acids, alcohols, esters, C6 compounds, thiols, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, terpenes, C13-norisoprenoids, lactones, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and sesquiterpenes. Significant differences were found among varieties for esters, phenols, terpenes, and total compounds in the free fraction and for alcohols, acids, C6 compounds, C13-norisoprenoids, terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and total compounds in the glycosidically-bound fraction. Subtle differentiation between different groups of varieties with common genetic origin was achieved by free aromatic profile (PCA) component analysis. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies are considered necessary to confirm the usefulness of the aromatic profile as a chemotaxonomic tool.


The foodstuff dish (1) has separate compartments (2-4) formed from two layers of plastic molding between which is sandwiched a layer of material that reacts to microwave radiation. This material can be aluminum foil and influences radiation according to a pattern of holes in the foil. Each container molded into the dish can have different heating characteristics and this enables meat, vegetables, and potatoes to be prepared simultaneously An independent claim is included for a method of producing a microwavable dish.


patients warranted additional i.v. anaesthetic prior to application of the electrical stimulus. Fortunately, neither of the patients reported awareness of the procedural events. Consequently, we no longer use bispectral index monitoring alone to assess pre-ictal anaesthetic depth in patients receiving ECT. Moreover, Zand and colleagues recently reported that the BISwas not a reliable monitorof anaesthetic depth during Caesarean section and that BIS values lower than previously recommended are needed to avoid isolated extremity responses. They suggest, for a sensitivity of 100%, that the BIS value should be lower than 27 to ensure that all patients are truly unconscious.


We study the heat kernels of second order elliptic operators in divergence form with complex bounded measurable coefficients on Rn. We obtain Gaussian bounds without further assumption ifn⩽2, and when the principal part has Holder continuous coefficients ifn⩾3. A thorough study of the boundedness properties of the Green operator is made in dimension 1. We construct the fundamental solution of these operators in dimension 2. Boundedness results of the maximal accretive square roots onLpSobolev spaces and Holder spaces are obtained whenn⩾2 under Holder continuity assumption on the coefficients. BoundedH∞functional calculi onLp, 1


In DHT-based structured P2P system,as a result of the use of distributed hash table,every node can achieve the basic load balancing,but nodes have different capacity to bear the load,and data access has "flash crowds" phenomenon,so there are still load unbalancing in every node.For this disadvantage,we proposed an algorithm for distributed load balancing in which local information adjusts load.And then the problem of single node invalidation is avoided,the implement of algorithm is very simple.


The rugged topography of Boeotia, and in general of mainland Greece, derives from the Alpine orogenic phase and the subsequent epi-orogenic subsidence events. The main topographic features are related to a system of ancient submarine ridges and furrows of predominant NW/SE orientation (Perlès 2001:9 summarising Bintliff 1977, Higgins and Higgins 1996, Jacobshagen 1986). During the epi-orogenic phase large basins were formed through subsidence, in direct relation with the pre-


The invention discloses a method and a device for acquiring a product bar code and a payment system of a product price. The method for acquiring the product bar code comprises the following steps that: a product counting device arranged in a shopping cart scans bar codes of all products which are placed in the product counting device; and the product counting device prints and outputs the bar codes acquired by scanning of all products. By the invention, the payment and closing efficiency of the system is improved, and a user experience is enhanced.


In this paper we study properties of H-singular values of a positive tensor m n n R 1  × × ∈  and present an iterative algorithm for computing the largest H-singular value of the positive tensor. We prove that this method converges for any positive tensors.


Traumatic coxofemoral sciatic nerve entrapment was diagnosed in a Miniature Fox Terrier that had been hit by car two weeks prior. The dog presented with persistent severe right hind limb lameness and neurological findings consistent with sciatic nerve damage. Needle electromyography localised dysfunction to the region between the greater ischiatic notch and the greater trochanter. At surgery, the sciatic nerve was identified coursing through the right coxofemoral joint trapped between the acetabulum and femoral head. It was postulated that traumatic femoral head luxation and spontaneous reduction with concomitant entrapment of the sciatic nerve had occurred. Surgical neurolysis and post-operative care involving massage, manipulation, acupuncture, and laser therapy facilitated return to function. Coxofemoral sciatic nerve entrapment is described as a unique cause of severe hind limb lameness and as a potential complication of closed coxofemoral reduction.


The invention provides a method for quantifying a laser focus and a focus quantifying device. The focus quantifying device comprises a laser welding system, a stainless steel inclined block positioned below the laser welding system, and a clamp for fixing the stainless steel inclined block, focus position is determined on the stainless steel inclined block through the laser welding system, and a distance from a focusing lens of the laser welding system to the focus position of the stainless steel inclined block is adjusted. By the method and the focus quantifying device, the focus position of a workpiece welded by the laser welding system is determined, and difference in welding effect in the process of mass laser welder process copying is avoided. Compared with the prior art, the method and the focus quantifying device have the advantages of simple structure, convenience in use and low cost, and focus quantification is realized.


Historians of economic doctrine similarly will be assembled to inquire, "What Should We Make of Alfred Marshall's Principles after 100 Years?" But by one of those curious coincidences that baffle human understanding, the year 1990 gives us a third anniversary. For in July of this year the practice of resale price maintenance also will be 100 years old. If you have become bored listening to these dates, and are beginning to doze, please wake up because I am now going to say something of truly eerie interest. Alfred Marshall's Principles of Economics was the first commodity in the English speaking world to be sold under a scheme of resale price maintenance. For this book was chosen by Marshall's publisher, Sir Frederick Macmillan, the head of Macmillan & Company, to be the initial item to introduce a new system of pricing whereby the difference between the retailer's and publisher's price would be fixed. It was called the "net book system" but it is in essence what came to be called resale price maintenance (RPM). When Marshall's volume was published in July of 1890 it bore the price of 12s, 6d, net. No discounts from the publisher's advertised price would be permitted. The other coincidence to chew on is the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in the same year as the publication of Marshall's Principles. Section One of the Act eventually was interpreted by the Supreme Court as having outlawed in the United States just such schemes as Macmillan had devised for selling Marshall's new book. So at last you know! The three anniversaries are linked together in a knotted cat's-cradle that it will be the purpose of this paper to disentangle.


The use of National Park designations to bring about aims including the protection and conservation of the natural environment has become established in most European Union member states. In the UK, such arrangements have long featured in England and Wales, but they have not been paralleled by similar designations in Scotland. Now, however, National Parks are being introduced in Scotland. While the proposed arrangements build on the experience of National Parks elsewhere in Europe, and particularly in England and Wales, they incorporate the distinctive feature of seeking to bring about socio-economic development as well as environmental protection.


The feature size made by two-photon photopolymerization is described by a threshold model. In a negative photoresist SU-8 we show the linewidth fabricated by this nonlinear process is consistent with the prediction of this model.


Let G be an abelian group with n elements. Let S be a sequence of elements of G, where the repetition of elements is allowed. Let |S| be the cardinality, or the length of S. A sequence S ⊆ G with |S| ≥ 2 is barycentric or has a barycentric-sum if it contains one element aj such that Σai ∈ Sai = |S|aj. This paper is a survey on the following three barycentric constants: the k-barycentric Olson constant BO(k, G), which is the minimum positive integer t ≥ k ≥ 3 such that any subset of t elements of G contains a barycentric subset with k elements, provided such an integer exists; the k-barycentric Davenport constant BD(k, G), which is the minimum positive integer t such that any subsequence of t elements of G contains a barycentric subsequence with k terms; the barycentric Davenport constant BD(G), which is the minimum positive integer t ≥ 3 such that any subset of t elements of G contains a barycentric subset. New values and bounds on the above barycentric constants when G = Zn is the group of integers modulo n are also given.


This report presents an evaluation of the performance of the equipment involved in an Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) on the Borman Expressway. The report first gives an overview of the Borman Expressway ATMS, including the system architecture, the surveillance system, the communications system, the incident response system, and the effect of institutional issues. Next, the goals, objectives, and hypotheses of this evaluation are listed. The results of the evaluation are then discussed and conclusions are offered.


We extracted tissue optical properties from diffuse reflectance data at short source-detector separations using neural networks and Monte Carlo lookup tables. Neural networks significantly improved absorption recovery compared to lookup table (p=0.003).


The introduction states first of all that the purpose of the Doréa Institute is the training of children entrusted to its care. Later, the establishment of a Follow-up Centre was provided to give to young retardates the care which will facilitate their integration into society. Finally, a Social Service was set up to play a very important role with the child, the family and also with the Institution's specialists. The Social Service is also active outside the Institution as the mental retardate, remaining a weak subject in spite of the complete training he has received, needs to feel secure with people he has known while in the Institution and for that reason, a Follow-up Centre was organized in Montreal. The Follow-up Service then organized a "Home and School" Centre where young people may talk about their experiences and their problems. During one year, the last-year students of the Doréa Institute spend some time in a small industry to acquire the real experience in a work environment. Everyone works, under the direction of a psychiatrist towards the orientation of former students. As there is a shortage of professional Social Workers, we have, with the help of resourceful people in society, set up three voluntary services. Such services are: (1) an Employment Committee; (2) a Parents' Committee and (3) an Education and Recreation Committee.


As one of the candidate technologies for 6G mobile system, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) can support the mobile network evolving from the communication-only network to the multi-functional network. The networking based ISAC can empower the effective multi-node cooperative perception and sensing data sharing among multiple sensing nodes. In this article, we explore different properties of signals available for radar sensing and aim to combine the ISAC technology with the cellular network by optimizing the multi-dimensional resource scheduling. In the developed simulation platform, different mapping patterns of reference signals are exploited to realize the performance trade-off between communication and sensing functions. Finally, the ISAC enabled cooperative perception hardware testbed has been designed and implemented, which can decrease the positioning error by 61 percent compared to a single ISAC system.


The main objectives of the study is to analyze the effect of perceived value on customer satisfaction and its impact on the behavioral loyalty of users co-branding credit card of Bank Aceh Syariah. The research sample are 250 customers taken by random sampling. Data collection uses a questionnaire, and then the data is analyzed by statistical means of path analysis. The study found that perceived value has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and behavioral loyalty. Customer satisfaction also has a positive and significant effect on behavioral loyalty. The existence of customer satisfaction strengthens the influence of perceived value on behavioral loyalty. The effect of mediating customer satisfaction in mediating the functional relationship between the two variables is partial mediation.


The concept of engaged scholarship has garnered significant attention across numerous scientific disciplines. Engaged scholarship can be conceptualized as both a method centered on cocreating and applying new knowledge and a movement focused on prioritizing community identification of needs and social problem-solving strategies. In an effort to position social work researchers for engaged scholarship to promote public impact, we provide an overview of the following engaged-scholarship mechanisms: (a) community-based participatory research, (b) participatory action research, (c) practice-based research networks, (d) translational research, (e) transdisciplinary scientific collaborations, (f) systemic evaluation, and (g) developmental evaluation. We address the contextual factors that may influence the extent to which social work researchers can successfully pursue engaged scholarship and conclude by explicating a plausible relationship between engaged scholarship and public impact scholarship. Specifically, we apply the diffusion of innovations model and community dissonance theory to conceptually position engaged scholarship as a vehicle for promoting and optimizing public impact scholarship.


The purpose of this study is to find out the financing offered by BMT Khairul Amin in the form of murabahah service products to Members' interest in using these service products, by carrying out a marketing mix strategy. In this study using a quantitative approach by conducting a survey of 82 respondents. The results show that the marketing mix of product, promotion, people and place variables has an F test (simultaneous) effect on 'Members' interest in using' murabahah financing service products'. This is known through the value of fcount = 33.552 > ftable = 2.02 and the value of sig. = 0.000 <α = 0.1 or a significance of 10%. While the T test (partial) product and promotion variables have no effect on Member interest. It is known that the product variable has a tcount = 0.413 < ttable = 1.665 with sig. = 0.681> α = 0.1 and the promotion variable tcount = 0.835 < ttable = 1.665 with sig. = 0.406 > α = 0.1. While the variables of people and places partially have an influence on Member interest. It is known that the person variable has a tcount=2.367 > ttable=1.665 with sig.= 0.020 < α= 0.1 and the place variable has a tcount= 4.556 > ttable= 1.665 with sig.= 0.000 <α= 0.1. Based on the coefficient of determination test (R2), it is known that the marketing mix variable "product, promotion, people and place" has an influence of 63.5% on Member interest.


Due to fast development of communication network and multimedia technology, security becomes a critical issue in information trade process over the network. Reversible data hiding is the art and science of imperceptible communication. The main challenge in reversible data hiding lies in finding the best trade-off between the embedding capacity (in terms of bpp) and the reconstructed image quality (in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio). In this work, different image scrambling algorithms are implemented to illustrate the security capability of image for medical and military of scientific use. Different performance parameters such as Similarity index, Mean Absolute Difference, Mean Square Error and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio are carried out for encrypted and reconstructed image. The proposed image scrambling algorithm gives less SSIM for image encryption and high PSNR for recovered image. RDH with slepian wolf coding gives highest embedding rate as compared to other.


Abstract : This report describes the file system for the experimental large file management support system currently being implemented at SRI. INTERLISP, an interactive, development-oriented computer programming system, has been augmented to support applications requiring large data bases maintained on secondary store. The data base support programs are separated into two levels: an advanced file system and relational data base management procedures. The file system allows programmers to make full use of the capabilities of on-line random access devices using problem related symbolic primitives rather than page and word numbers. It also performs several useful data storage functions such as data compression, sequencing, and generation of symbols which are unique for a file.


This paper documents the impact of fiscal policy on the expectations of the consumers and offers an alternative explanation for crowd-in effect of government spending on private consumption. I construct fiscal news variable using survey data to account for the fiscal foresight and show that this variable carries out relevant information about future government spending. I find significant positive response of consumer confidence and consumption to the anticipated government spending (fiscal news) shocks. The further analysis shows that confidence is pivotal in the transmission of fiscal policy on the real variables since the anticipated government spending shock crowds out private consumption when the response of confidence is held fixed. I develop DSGE model with informational frictions to identify the link between fiscal policy and expectations. The agents revise their expectations about future income, consumption and output to a higher level after fiscal news shock if government demand signal is clearer (less noisy) relative to the tax signal. The revised expectations of higher personal and aggregate income and output can be seen as a theoretical counterpart of the increase in consumer confidence found in the empirical part. The higher expected demand relative to the higher expected taxes by the agents associated with the anticipated government spending shock is the key in the more optimistic expectations and improvements in confidence that eventually increases private consumption along with the output in the equilibrium.


An investigation of a vortex-generator configuration on the wings of a l/4-scale model of the X-1 airplane having a 10-percent-thick wing was conducted in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel. The effect of the vortex generators was determined by comparing the model aerodynamic characteristics, wing-pressure distributions, and wing-wake patterns for model configurations with and without vortex generators on the wings. Results are presented from tests at 0.1 increments in Mach number from about 0.69 to 0.99, at Reynolds numbers of about 4.1 x 10(exp 6) to 4.7 x 10(exp 6), and through an angle-of-attack range up to 1.5 deg at lower speeds and up to 5 deg at the highest speed. In general, little difference in the aerodynamic characteristics was observed, except at a Mach number of 0.90 where a rearward movement of the shock on the upper surface of the wing with the vortex generators installed resulted in less separation.


Over the past few years many new options have become-available at the Very Large Array regarding its spectral line capabilities. The purpose of this document is to summarise the current status of the VLA spectral line system, both on-line and off-line, and to provide references to information which is somewhat scattered throughout the VLA Test and Scientific Memos and the NRAO Newsletters. Obviously, there is ample scope for further improvement. A discussion document on a VLA Upgrade can be obtained by contacting T. Bastian (email@example.com). A certain level of familiarity with the VLA and its spectral line capabilities is assumed. The following references might be especially useful:


The utility model relates to a city rail vehicle braking energy absorption conversion device. The conversion device is connected between a direct current circuit and a super capacitor. The conversion device comprises an input diode group, an input reactor, an input filter energy storage capacitor, a maintenance discharging resistor and a current transformation power supply module, wherein the input diode group, the input reactor, the input filter energy storage capacitor, the maintenance discharging resistor and the current transformation power supply module are arranged in order. The input end of the conversion device is connected with two direct current buses of the direct current circuit. The input diode group and the input reactor are connected in series with one direct current bus in order. The input filter energy storage capacitor is connected between two direct current buses. The maintenance discharging resistor and the current transformation power supply module are connected in parallel. The input ends of the maintenance discharging resistor and the current transformation power supply module are connected with two direct current buses. The output end of the current transformation power supply module is connected with the super capacitor. Compared with the prior art, the city rail vehicle braking energy absorption conversion device provided by the utility model has the advantages of stable output, high precision and the like.


Considering the production scheduling problem of processes industry and the disadvantages of conventional differential evolution algorithm, a method of production scheduling oriented to energy consumption optimization for process industry is proposed in this paper, which is based on self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm. Based on the analysis of production scheduling problems for processes industry, a production scheduling model is established, whose goal is to obtain the minimum of total process energy consumption. Since the basic differential evolution algorithm has the disadvantage that the search performance is very sensitive to the parameter settings, the self-adaptive control evolution strategy are used to control the parameters scale factor(F) and crossover probability(CR) to improve the global search ability and convergence speed. A practical production scheduling problem is taken as an example here, the established model and self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm are adopted to realize scheduling simulation with the minimum total process energy consumption. The simulation results show that the production scheduling method oriented to energy consumption optimization is superior to the production scheduling method oriented to process time optimization, and it can realize the goal of reducing energy consumption.


Inthispaperwe present analgorithm forjoint codeword andpoweradaptation inuplink CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA)systems withmultipath channels between users andthebasestation. Thealgorithm isbasedongradient descent (GD)interference avoidance (IA) andadapts usercodewords and powersincrementally tomeetspecified targets forthesignal- to-interference+noise-ratio (SINR). Theproposed algorithm is illustrated withnumerical examples obtained fromsimulations.


Weyl semimetals (WSMs) are characterized by topologically stable pairs of nodal points in the band structure, that typically originate from splitting a degenerate Dirac point by breaking symmetries such as time reversal or inversion symmetry. Within the independent electron approximation, the transition between an insulating state and a WSM requires the local creation or annihilation of one or several pairs of Weyl nodes in reciprocal space. Here, we show that strong electron-electron interactions may qualitatively change this scenario. In particular, we reveal that the transition to a Weyl semi-metallic phase can become discontinuous, and, quite remarkably, pairs of Weyl nodes with a finite distance in momentum space suddenly appear or disappear in the spectral function. We associate this behavior to the buildup of strong many-body correlations in the topologically non-trivial regions, manifesting in dynamical fluctuations in the orbital channel. We also highlight the impact of electronic correlations on the Fermi arcs.


When the editorial board invited me to write this short review, I remembered my old dream since thirty years ago, is it possible for mankind to live without more health burden? Scientists can answer a lot of difficult questions like this one. The science is growing very fast and next generation sequencing technologies are currently the hottest topic in the field of human and animal genomics researches. In this mini review, I have highlighted some basic knowledge about next generation sequencing technologies and its value for human health.


Abstract Given the importance of buildings as major consumers of resources worldwide, several organizations are working avidly to ensure the negative impacts of buildings are minimized. The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system is one such effort to recognize buildings that are designed to achieve superior performance in several areas, including energy consumption and indoor environmental quality. This paper discusses testing these hypotheses by examining LEED-certified buildings on the Arizona State University (ASU) campus in Tempe, AZ, from two different perspectives: the macrolevel and the microlevel. Heating, cooling, and electricity data were collected from the LEED-certified buildings on campus, and their energy use intensity was calculated to investigate the buildings' actual energy performance. In addition, indoor environmental quality occupant-satisfaction surveys were administered to investigate users' satisfaction with the space l...


Abstract : Data of electromagnetic noise at 5 Kcps have been continuously recorded since August 1962. From these data an analysis of research on electromagnetic noise at extremely low frequencies has been made and results have been published in various journals. (Author)


When considering a decision tree for the purpose of classification, accuracy is usually the sole performance measure used in the construction process. In this paper, we introduce the idea of combining a decision tree's expected value and variance in a new probabilistic measure for assessing the performance of a tree. We develop a genetic algorithm for constructing a tree using our new measure and conduct computational experiments that show the advantages of our approach. Further, we investigate the effect of introducing diversity into the population used by our genetic algorithm. We allow the genetic algorithm to simultaneously focus on two distinct probabilistic measures--one that is risk averse and one that is risk seeking. Our bivariate genetic algorithm for constructing a decision tree performs very well, scales up quite nicely to handle data sets with hundreds of thousands of points, and requires only a small percent of the data to generate a high-quality decision tree. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on three large data sets.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper was to examine whether a less precise (or imprecise) estimate may increase investors' confidence and improve investors' perceptions of fair value reliability. The main criticism of fair value accounting has been its lack of reliability perceived by investors. Design/methodology/approach - – A 2 × 3 randomized experiment was used where management incentive and information precision are manipulated. Findings - – The results from this study indicate that perceived reliability is jointly affected by management's incentives and information precision. Reliability rating is the highest for fair value stated as a point estimate with a specified confidence level attached to it. Further analysis indicates that higher perceived reliability is related to its representational faithfulness because participants perceive that a point estimate with a specified confidence level better matches uncertainty in measuring future cash flows. Originality/value - – This is the first study to examine whether a less precise (or imprecise) estimate may increase investors' confidence and improve investors' perceptions of fair value reliability. Because of the subjectivity and uncertainty in fair value estimates, less precise fair value estimates may not be viewed as less reliable. In fact, using a precise format to represent fair value estimates may not be appropriate (neither reliable nor credible), because a precise point estimate fails to capture its underlying uncertainty in future cash flows. A less precise format could represent a credible choice for fair value because it reflects uncertainty and subjectivity and effectively communicates management's assessments of variability in future cash flows.


The method of Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) has been successfully applied in corrosion detection for several years now. Whereas field experience on insulated objects has grown significantly, the technique's characteristics make it also highly suitable for other field situations where the object surface is rough or inaccessible. Because (surface) preparations can be avoided the tool provides a fast and cost-effective solution for corrosion detection. Due to the high repeatability accuracy PEC technology is specially of interest for monitoring purposes. An overview of the fundamentals and the INCOTEST pulsed eddy current tool for corrosion detection is presented and application ranges are discussed. Several field applications other than insulated objects are presented. These range from the inspection of objects covered fire proofing, to rough or corroded surfaces, coated objects and objects covered with marine growth. These spin-offs offer interesting possibilities in many areas of industry such as sub sea piping, offshore jackets, civil engineering and FPSO ship hull inspection.


A new proton therapy facility based on a 250MeV/500nA superconducting cyclotron has been under construction in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, China. Due to the fixed beam energy extracted from the cyclotron, an energy degrader is essential for the proton beam with variable energy to reach various tumour depths in human body. Because of the interaction between the protons and the energy degrader material, the beam emittance and the energy spread will be increased while the beam current will be significantly decreased. The alignment accuracy will have an obvious impact on the performance of the degrader. This paper will discuss how the beam energy, beam emittance and beam losses are influenced by the alignment accuracy including the positional accuracy, the angular accuracy, the coaxiality and others. Moreover, the detailed alignment program will be proposed.


Wedderburn, in 1905, proved that there are no finite skew-fields (5). Wedderburn's result has also been proved by Dickson, Artin, Witt, and Zassenhaus (2; 1; 6; 7); however, it seems to the author that the proofs so far given introduce concepts not obviously related to the theorem. It is the purpose of this note to use a result of Cartan, which was later proved in greater generality by Hua (4), to give a simpler and more direct version of the proof of Zassenhaus.


Bringing together the fields of education, theatre, and development, the arts-based, participatory research project on which this paper is based traces a case study of 15 refugees at the Canadian Centre For Victims of Torture in Toronto, who, for 10 weeks in the summer of 2011, participated in a series of improv theatre workshops. This research was exploratory and sought to discover if, and if so in what ways, the themes introduced and practiced in these improv workshops would be considered by participants to be relevant or applicable to their everyday lives. At the same time, this research sought to challenge the traditional development paradigm by 'unmaking' representations of  "oppressed" populations through humour. The implications of this research are varied and far-reaching for both refugees themselves and for educators and professionals working with traumatized groups in Canada and abroad.


We generalise various theorems for finding indiscernible trees and arrays to positive logic: based on an existing modelling theorem for s-trees, we prove modelling theorems for str-trees, str$_0$-trees (the reduct of str-trees that forgets the length comparison relation) and arrays. In doing so we prove stronger versions for basing -- rather than locally basing or EM-basing -- str-trees on s-trees and str$_0$-trees on str-trees. As an application we show that a thick positive theory has $k$-TP$_2$ iff it has $2$-TP$_2$.


Driver models have been developed to capture collision-avoidance behaviors, yet there is a lack of understanding of what perceptual processes influence drivers' choices to brake or steer. A statistical model of these decisions was developed with cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression with data from a simulator study of drivers' responses to rear-end collisions. Drivers' choices of responses were clustered on the basis of the maximum values of the magnitude of braking and steering forces, starting from the time at which the driver looked back to the road, just before initiating the avoidance maneuver, to the end of the maneuver. The clusters identified three types of responses: medium to high braking with medium to high steering, medium to high braking with mild steering, and mild braking with medium to high steering. The perceptual variables such as the optical angle, the expansion rate of the optical angle, and their ratio were used to predict the drivers' choice of response. The results show that, of the perceptual variables, the combination of optical angle and tau performs as well as or better than others in predicting the choice of response. The mode and timing of an alert from a collision-warning system did not influence the drivers' choices. These results can inform driver behavior models to guide design and assess benefits of advanced driver assistance systems.


A new drug that limits brain damage after a stroke has entered large scale (phase III) clinical trials which, if successful, could lead to its being licensed. The drug, made by Bristol-Myers Squibb in the United States, has been designed to prevent the cell death that tends to follow an ischaemic episode ( Nature Medicine 2001;7:471-7).

Soon after an ischaemic stroke occurs, the core area of the brain immediately around the occluded blood vessel loses most of its oxygen supply and …


Raymond Henry Jones ("Ray") was born in Pontyberem, Carmarthenshire on 27 December 1949, the eldest of two boys. His mother died when he was 7 years old, but as he was exceptionally bright he gained a place at Llandovery College, sponsored by Carmarthenshire County Council, where he excelled not only at his studies but also at rugby and cricket. He became the …


Objective:To understand clinical incidence and help diagnosis the Gilbert's syndrome,Meth-ods:HPLC.Results:the elevated serum bilirubin in"nclear reason"jaundice patients is mainly unconju-gated and have lower conjugated/total bilirubin;its serum bilirubin pattern is different from that of the healthy adult,hemolysis jaundice or hepatobiliary iaundice,but similar to the Gilbert's syndrome re-ported.Conclusions:there are many analysis methods for serum bilirubin,but there few methods are available in clinic for specific and accuracy determination of serum bilirubin fractions,so these methods are of no help for diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome,which may be the one reason why few Gilbert's syn-dromes were reported in China;as the HPLC serum bilirubin determination method is more sensitive and specific,HPLC appears to be an excellent method to diagnose Gilbert's syndrome.


The import of this note, based on an article in Smithsonian Institution Research Reports No. 68, Spring 1992, is that a single clear picture of what might be happening to the ozone layer has yet to emerge.


We consider the existence, uniqueness and Holder regularity of weak solutions of Hessian equations, determined by the elementary symmetric functions, with Lp inhomogeneous terms. The notion of weak solution is defined by approximation and our treatment draws on the classical theory, together with recent Lp estimates resulting from our isoperimetric inequalities for quermassintegrals on non-convex domains.


Swietoslawski Witold. The development of Shooting arms and Defensive Arms in Medieval Latin Europe. In: L'innovation technique au Moyen Âge. Actes du VIe Congres international d'Archeologie Medievale (1-5 Octobre 1996, Dijon - Mont Beuvray - Chenove - Le Creusot - Montbard) Caen : Societe d'Archeologie Medievale, 1998. pp. 281-282. (Actes des congres de la Societe d'archeologie medievale, 6)


Multivalent glycopolymers containing three different glucose pendant spacer lengths in the polymer backbone having various weight percentages of covalently bonded glucose moieties were obtained by the deacetylation of acetylated polymers synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process. This allowed us to control the packing density of the glucose moieties in one unit of the glycopolymer. The biological responses of these macromolecules in terms of cytotoxicity of glucose moieties at various spacer lengths and concentrations were investigated without perturbing the intrinsic chemical nature of functional moiety by employing in vitro osteoblast cells. Osteoblast cell adhesion, viability and proliferation response with synthesized glycopolymers revealed that the higher glycopolymer concentration tolerance limit was associated with an increase in pendant spacer length of glucose moiety in the glycopolymer.


This paper explores various interfaces between the class of generalized gamma convolution (GGC) random variables, Dirichlet process mean functionals and phenomena connected to the local time and occupation time of p-skew Bessel processes and bridges discussed in Barlow, Pitman and Yor (1989), Pitman and Yor (1992, 1997b). First, some general calculus for GGC and Dirichlet process means func-tionals is developed. It then proceeds, via an investigation of positive Linnik random variables, and more generally random variables derived from compositions of a stable subordinator with GGC subordinators, to establish various distributional equivalences between these models and phenomena connected to local times and occupation times of what are defined as randomly skewed Bessel processes and bridges. This yields a host of interesting identities and explicit density formula for these models. Randomly skewed Bessel processes and bridges may be seen as a randomization of their p-skewed counterparts, and are shown to naturally arise via exponential tilting. As a special result it is shown that the occupation time of a p-skewed random Bessel process or (generalized) bridge is equivalent in distribution to the occupation time of a non-trivial randomly skewed process.


To reduce the dynamic energy of embedded chip multiprocessors(CMP)interconnect network,a method of crossbar energy saving of CMP based on frequent exchanged value was proposed.Concerning the value locality of the CMP interconnects,a frequent exchanged value cache(FEVC)was produced,which made use of the reduction of the traffic and the bit switching on the connection to reduce the energy consuming efficiently on chip crossbar interconnection.To achieve the best effect of energy saving,the saved values number of FEVC was determined by the experiment.Compared with the original system,the results show that the proposed method can realize energy saving 13% when the FEVC is separately used with four data value entries,and the energy saving proportion can be reached 20% when it is combined with the invert code algorithm.


The authors present 9 years trends of PM 10 sources and oxidative potential in a rural background site in France. Their analyses include PMF source apportionment and estimation of OP contributions via MLR and trends analysis. Major results show that traffic-related concentrations have decreased throughout the last decade and that Long-Range Transport processes contribute to a large fraction of the total PM 10 mass, while OP is mostly dominated by traffic, mineral dust and biomass burning. Overall, the article is well-written, the analysis presented is fairly simple but clean, the methodology is (for the most part) sound, and the interpretation and discussion of the results with previous literature is solid. However, I do have some concerns related to the novelty and the scientific questions addressed in this work, as I detail below. Some more specific and technical comments follow after.


Objective: To study myocardial perfusion in acute myocardial infarction with MSCT, and to explore the value of MSCT coronary angiography in demonstrating coronary artery blockage. Methods: The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated in healthy dogs and MSCT perfusion scans were done in several stages. The perfusion peculiarity was analyzed and compared with pathological findings. MSCT coronary angiography was done before and after LAD ligated. Results: The normal mean myocardial perfusion was (69.3±13.9) ml·100 g-1·min-1; the mean time to peak (TTP) was (12.8±2.1) sec. After LAD was ligated, the myocardial perfusion became significantly lower than normal, and Time Density Carve became flat. In delayed 10 seconds scans, there was no significant difference between normal myocardium and the myocardium after LAD ligated for 30 seconds, but significantly high enhancement was found after LAD tied for 4 h. MSCT coronary angiography showed the blockage of LAD. Conclusion: MSCT myocardial perfusion combined with coronary angiography can estimate myocardial ischemia and infarction and show the blockage of the coronary artery.


The compact type transmission technology is a new technology quickly developed and applied in China for recent years.Comparing to the conventional transmission lines,the 500 kV compact type transmission lines can increase the natural transmission power by 34% and cut down the corridor width by 17.0 m.The width of the line beyond 4 kV/m is reduced by 2/3.This kind of line has the same insulation strength and conductor surface field strength as the conventional lines,which is suitable for on-line operation.The authors also introduce the study history of this technology,economic and social benefits of its popularization and application,also the brief conditions of construction for 500 kV compact type transmission lines in China in recent years.


A method for Al determination in Zr is presented. Thc bulk of the Zr is scparated from Al as fluozirconate by ion exchange. Al is eluted in an HCl-HF mixture and extracted as Al-8-bydroxyquinoline complex with chlorofornm. Al is measured fluorophotometrically. (J.R.D.)


Objective: To determine the outcome of renal transplantation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage renal failure and to compare disease activity after transplantation with dis...


The enzyme β-galactosidase (lactase; EC 126.96.36.199) is a commercially important enzyme due to its various applications in dairy and food industries, which are based on the β-galactosidase-catalysed hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose. The objectives of this work were to identify novel and attractive sources of this industrially relevant enzyme, and to study the effect of selected growth parameters (carbon source, lactose concentration, nitrogen source, peptone concentration, initial pH and temperature) on the formation of β-galactosidase. Based on a screening of isolates from Tha Pai hot spring, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand, strain B1.1 was selected for further studies. Strain B1.1 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase-positive bacterium that forms endospores. Based on the sequence of the 16S rDNA determined, this isolate is most closely related to Anoxybacillus sp. and Bacillus sp., and hence the strain is designated as Bacillus sp. B1.1. β-Galactosidase was produced by this strain with lactose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Optimal enzyme production occurred at an initial culture pH of 8.5 and at 45 °C. Under these optimum culture conditions, maximal volumetric and specific β-galactosidase activity of 0.478 U mL and 0.338 U mg protein, respectively, were obtained after 13 h of cultivation in a medium contain 2.5% lactose, 2.0% peptone, 0.3% K2HPO4, 0.1% KH2PO4 and 0.05% MgSO4·7H2O.


The present invention relates to a nano-emulsion emulsions and cosmetic compositions containing them. Nano-emulsion emulsions of the present invention is easily emulsified in a short time, good feeling without heavy upon skin application, ambient temperature and high temperature (45 ℃), fluorescence, ultraviolet light, daylight, without any discoloration or separation occurs under all conditions, such as light blocking stable, byeonchwi that does not happen, it is very good moisturizing effect. Further, the nano-emulsion emulsions of the present invention is excellent in cost reduction it is possible to reduce the unit price by 50% compared to the lecithin used as the emulsifier in conventional cosmetic compositions. Thus, the nano-emulsion emulsions of the invention can be replaced by a lecithin in a cosmetic composition useful as an emulsifier.


This study utilizes the finite element method with a two-dimensional model of a disk brake and investigates its distributions of the transient temperature, thermal gradient, heat flux, thermal stress and deflection due to friction. A specified initial uniform temperature of the disk is used to simulate heat transfer of the disk. Since the temperature of the disk brake inboard is higher than that of the disk brake outboard, the deflection of the disk brake inboard is larger than those at other locations. The maximum deflection of 0.4 mm occurs at the outer diameter of the disk inboard. The disk expands radial outward and bends from the disk brake inboard toward the disk brake outboard. The coning angle between the disk outboard surface and the original vertical disk outboard surface is 0.39°, which is comparable with the existing datum of 0.35°. The principal stresses at the lower mounting location are 184 MPa and 236 MPa. The calculated safety factor is 1.27 based on the modified Mohr theory used for brittle materials, and this disk brake is reliable.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The Acquired Brain Damage (ABD) has a great impact on the population nowadays, as it causes dependency in most of the cases. The intervention of the occupational therapist search for reach a higher autonomy in their daily life activities, because that the occupational therapist should have an important role in their recuperation. This investigation want to determinate the occupational therapy profession and their efficacy in the rehabilitation with ABD patients. The research has focused on different articles, books and the comparison of its results. To sum up, we have found general information, but without detailing precisely activities and/or techniques employed. As future occupational therapist we see the need to keep on researching and carrying on specific researches on patients suffering from this pathology and the implication of our job.


The article reveals the linguistic and cultural peculiarities of creating fiction characters in the Australian fairy ethnonarratives for children. According to the current narratological researches, Australian literary texts for children are defined as fairy ethnonarratives, i.e. the stories constructed in a certain way that tell about fictional events which occur in fictional world with fictional characters which are endowed with certain cultural and ethnical features. It has been revealed that some ethnic and cultural meanings of Australian indigenous culture are embodied in fiction characters of the Australian fairy ethnonarrative for children. The focalizer of the events is the main child-character, which is a characteristic feature of literary texts intended for children's readers. In the research the notion 'character' is defined as a cumulative image denoting the actor of literary text, manifested in a number of plot and compositional, linguistic and stylistic means of its representation. It has been revealed that the majority of the characters of the Australian fairy ethnonarratives for children are typical for Australian linguistic culture, anthropomorphic animal (koalas, kangaroos, wombats) or plant (gumnuts, gumblossoms, banksia men) characters, which we classify as ethnocharacters. The article gives a detailed characteristic of the linguistic and cultural means of creating Kangaroo ethnocharacter in E. Pedley's "Dot and the Kangaroo" according to the following parameters: introduction of the, his portrait, speech, and narrator's or other characters' comments on the actions, behavior and thoughts of the ethnocharacter. The analysis of the forms and means of ethnocharacter's representation aims at revealing the specific ways of creating character's image, the ethnic and cultural features of Kangaroo character, verbalized in the literary text, as well as its key images. In E. Pedley's fairy ethnonarrative Kangaroo ethnocharacter is represented in the images of a protector, a wise man, lord of the Bush, and a mother, that clarify the basic meaning of the tale.


The present paper examines the impact of social protection programmes on poverty and inequality in the backward region of West Bengal. The benefits from social protection programmes (SPPs) have reduced the incidence of poverty to the extent of 3.7 percentage points. It seems that in the case of relatively less poor households, the decreasing rate of poverty gap (PG) and square poverty gap (SPG) are less than in relatively poorer households. That indicates that relatively less poor households are more deprived (especially, double deprived) than relatively more poor households. The benefits of social protection programmes have also reduced the income inequality in both absolute and relative senses. In addition, the income of relatively poorer households has increased to a greater extent than of relatively less poor households. Absolute inequality in the presence of social protection is larger than absolute inequality in its absence. The study suggests that social protection programmes can be used as important tools for reducing inequality in the backward region of West Bengal.


Multilateral technology can provide a higher recovery factor by achieving a longer field life supported by the cumulative production of the multiple laterals, turning otherwise unviable reservoirs into economically sound targets, keeping construction costs down and minimizing risk.
 This paper will focus on TAML 5 systems that meet well integrity requirements by isolating the junction from reservoir pressure or stimulations and provide independent accessibility on both laterals during the life of the well. This capability eliminates the requirement to pull the completion should access be required to the lateral for cleaning, stimulation, zonal isolation, or data acquisition. Using this technology also leads to a reduction in the cost of well construction as well as intervention.
 This paper discusses challenges faced to provide accessibility to both laterals from surface without using a re-entry deflector as well as solutions including segregated and commingled flow installations. Discussion will also cover completion designs that tie new laterals into existing production casing. Case studies will include a discussion of workover operations, isolation methods, and lateral creation systems.
 In the Middle East, older TAML 4 wells have been converted to TAML 5 in order to prevent detected gas migrating into the mainbore at the junction. This conversion of a cemented junction well has enabled production to resume on the wells. This application has also been applied to the installation of new wells in the region. New and re-entry wells were completed with intelligent upper completions to enable flow control of each lateral.
 The paper focuses on the challenges, solutions, and successful case studies of multilateral wells constructed in the Middle East. The paper also provides insight as to methodology for continually improving reliability of multilateral installations to maximize efficiencies.


In a New York Times article (Lewis, 1991), Judge A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., a Black judge of the United States Court of Appeals, attributed the successful beginning of his career to pressure exerted by his mother on the Trenton, New Jersey public schools to allow him to take Latin, thus insuring him a place on the academic track.Although this critical incident occurred over 50 years ago, it captures some of the flavor of our research on the influence parents have on the career development of their children as well as a number of important dimensions that parents and counselors can consider as helpful in the assistance that parents can provide young people. First, we see a parent actively involved in the education, and thus the career, of her child. Second, the end result, Judge Higginbotham's placement on the academic track did not happen by chance. It was the result of his mother's planned, intentional action. Third, we see the relation between a short-term action exerting pressure on the school board, and the long-term outcome, the successful career in law. Although Judge Higginbotham's mother may not have envisioned this particular outcome, it is likely that she realized the long-term career implications of being on the academic track. Finally, the particular event is interpreted as a meaningful component in a life story.Parents and counselors are apt to look wistfully at this story, perhaps saying to themselves, "If only helping our children with their careers were so straightforward." We are not informed, for example, of the judge's reaction to having to take Latin, of his feelings about having his mother intervene on his behalf, nor of the conversations that they might have had about this plan. Parents regularly encounter events such as these: encouraging one's child to undertake some activity which may have, at least in the parent's mind, important long-term consequences, but which the child is not interested in; intervening on behalf of the child when the child would prefer the parent not to; and difficult, or nonexistent, conversations between parent and child about these topics.The present article offers some suggestions to counselors about how parents can help with the career development of their children. These suggestions will be based largely on the author's research findings on this topic and on the conceptual ideas on which the research is founded (Young & Friesen, 1990, 1992; Young, Friesen, & Borycki, in press; Young, Friesen, & Dillabough, 1991; Young, Friesen, & Pearson, 1988; Young, Valach, Dillabough, Dover, & Matthes, in press). First, I will establish the family as a context for adolescent development. Then I will describe how intentionality and meaning, narrative, and identifying and dealing with conflict are related to parents' efforts to help adolescents with career development.THE CONTEXT OF HELPOne of the results of research on adolescents in the past decade is a renewed emphasis on the family as the context for adolescent development (Gecas & Self, 1990; Steinberg & Silverberg, 1986). It is contingent on counselors and others to help parents provide the kind of family context and specific assistance appropriate to adolescents at their developmental level. Because career choice is one of the primary developmental tasks of adolescence, it represents an important means for constructive parent-adolescent engagement. Conversely, because of the very salience of career issues, they can exacerbate conflict between parents and adolescents.A substantial literature suggests that parents can affect children's self-esteem, self-competence, values, and psychological orientation (Dusek, 1991). Yet parents' ability to influence is also a function of the changing nature of the parent-child relationship during adolescence (see review in Collins & Russell, 1991). For example, Rosenburg (1986) reported that self-conceptions are highly influenced by the interpretations that adolescents make of their family experience. …


The current densities of positive and negative ions, i+ and i_, in back discharge field of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are measured with a bipolar current probe developed by the authors. The theoretical back ground is presented for using these two parameters for quantitative identification of back discharge severity. The characteristics of i+/i_ vs. total current density, i, are almost the same for dc charging and pulse charging. The ratio i+/i_ rises with increasing i in streamer-mode back discharge, but it remains almost constant (10–20 %) in glow-mode back discharge. The probe-measured values back discharge starting current density is slightly higher in pulse charging than in dc charging. In addition, the pulse charging does not cause back discharge at a layer resistivity below 1013 ohm-cm. However, beyond 10 ohm-cm back discharge can be hardly avoided even by pulse charging. The probe diagnosis of i+/i_ in an ESP enables an approximate estimation of charge-to-mass ratio of dust and the collection performance, when i+/i_ averaged in space is used. The probe can be used for in-situ diagnosis of an existing ESP, its automatic control to detect back discharge in dc or pulse charging, and also for laboratory evaluation of dust in sizing a new ESP. It can also be used for diagnosing and research purposes in many other applications of electrostatics.


Rough set theory has not been applied to automatic target recognition (ATR) problems because the problems of interest were too large. The determination of reducts (classifiers) was a problem whose solution grew in exponential time with the number of range bins. This paper introduces a method which allows the determination of reducts in quadratic time and a method of partitioning the problem (reducing the number of range bins being considered) so that ATR problems can be solved in a reasonable time. A method of fusing the individual classifier results, even though they may not have performed well on the training set (marginal reduct) is introduced. This fusion of marginal reducts yields a synergistic result that produces a well performing classifier.


Stretching two-dimensional GaPO4 causes its GaO4 and PO4 building blocks to counter-rotate allowing its pore size to be dynamically tuned to allow specific molecules to pass through.


The status of solar hydrogen production, solar hydrogen production from water electrolysis, solar photochemical hydrogen production, biological hydrogen production, solar thermal decomposition of water hydrogen production and other hydrogen production methods are presented in this paper. Then the key technologies of various hydrogen production are investigated in detail. Analysing the domestic and foreign research progress, the state-of-the art solar hydrogen production can be got to know in this paper. On the basis of solar hydrogen production, some prospects are put forward.


Neural tissue and melanocytes share the same germ layer in early embryonic development. It is then perhaps not by coincidence that melanoma is one of the most common cancer types to metastasize to the brain. With aggressive treatment the median survival of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) is now estimated to be approximately 13 months. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy have armed us with new systemic weapons and shown great responses, but unfortunately most of these patient relapse. Drug repurposing, using old drugs for new purposes, has had several successes for other diseases. The anti-psychotic drug thioridazine (THD), a dopamine receptor 2 antagonist, with properties to cross an intact blood brain barrier, has earlier shown promising effects on melanoma cells that escaped prior treatment and on cancer stem cells. However, the therapeutic effects on MBM have not been previously investigated.

 We used three BRAF V600E (H1, H2 and H10) and one L577F mutated patient derived MBM cell lines (H3) developed in our lab in our experiments. A monolayer viability assay (WST-1) was utilized to determine IC50 doses. Migrational and proliferational effects of THD was studied by IncuCyte live cell imaging. Colony forming properties and the ability of cells to grow in an anchorage independent environment after THD treatment was investigated using a 2D clonogenic assay and a 3D soft agar model. A potential therapeutic window was assessed through normal human astrocytes (NHA) and fetal rat brain organoids (FRBO). Apoptosis and necrosis were studied by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining followed by flow cytometric analysis after 72 hours of treatment. Western blots after THD treatment was done to elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms.

 Cell viability studies showed that THD exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor cell viability (IC50 doses between 9-12 µM), while NHA tolerated similar drug concentrations. Tumor cell migration and proliferation were almost completely inhibited with concentrations below the IC50 doses. An inhibition of clonogenic formation and 3D growth was also observed. Bright field microscopy showed changes in MBM morphology in monolayers, but FRBOs were intact after drug treatment. Apoptosis in MBM cells was induced after treatment with THD through PARP/cleaved caspase 3/Bcl-2. Expression levels of LC3B-II and p62 were significant increase in treated cells, indicating inhibition of autophagic flux at a late stage.

 Our data shows that THD has a strong selective cytotoxicity in MBM cells through inhibition of autophagic flux, with a minimal effect on NHA and FBRO.


Summary

Potatoes destined for making chips, French fries and other fried products, need to have low sugar content to avoid browning of the finished product. The sugar content of potatoes is determined by the genotype and several pre- and post-harvest factors. The major pre-harvest factors affecting sugar content are crop maturity, temperature during growth, mineral nutrition and irrigation, while important post-harvest factors are mechanical stresses and storage conditions. Each genotype requires an ideal pre-and post-harvest treatment to maintain low sugar levels; any kind of stress results in sugar accumulations.


In a precursory paper on Knema (De Wilde, 1979) in connection with the forthcoming treatment of Myristicaceae for the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak (De Wilde, 2000a) and Flora Malesiana (De Wilde, 2000b) I described Knema kostermansiana, an endemic of Sabah and NE Kalimantan. The type is James Ah Wing SAN 19047, male flowering, collected in 1962 in Sabah (holo SING; iso KEP, SAN). Although, at the time, Leiden usually received a duplicate of the SAN collections, a Leiden-specimen of SAN 19047 was not present under Myristicaceae. Later on, the species became completely known by additional collections, including female flowers and fruits (De Wilde, 1987). Recently, with the study of Litsea for the forthcoming treatment of Lauraceae for the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, in FRIM and SAN, it appeared that the at the time untraceable Leiden-duplicate of James Ah Wing SAN 19047 had been wrongly preidentified in Van Steenis' handwriting as 'Lauraceae, Litsea'. Subsequently, Kostermans (1968) described this specimen as Litsea casearioides, by which James Ah Wing SAN 19047 became the holotype in L, filed under Litsea and out of sight in Myristicaceae. Kostermans apparently saw clearly a Litsea in the material, without checking the flowers, which he took for immature. The above-mentioned discrepancy was in the 1970s already observed by the late Kochummen in a hand-written comment on Kostermans' publication present at FRIM, and recently also discovered by John Sugau at Sandakan. As Ah-Wing's collection is a Knema, the oldest name of the species concerned must be recombined as follows:


Part 1 Optimization as a circuit design tool: a generalized strategy for engineering design optimization and function minimization function space and the optimization problem of computer-aided design scope of the book. Part 2 Preliminary concepts: stationary points of functions unidirectional search classification of optimization methods. Part 3 Direct search optimization methods: tabulation methods sequential methods linear methods quadratically terminating direct search methods. Part 4 Gradient optimization methods: steepest descent Newton's method quasi-Newton methods least squares (Gauss-Newton) methods. Part 5 Unconstrained optimization in practice: local minima selection of an algorithm gradient evaluation. Part 6 Constrained optimization methods: classes of constrained optimization method linear programming quadratic and nonlinear programming commercial availability of constrained optimization algorithms. Part 7 Applications in electronic circuit design: optimization of linear frequency-selective networks optimization of nonlinear networks multiple-criterion optimization and statistical design of integrated circuits simulated annealing - a global optimization method? the future of optimization in electronic systems design.


The state of problem of tuberculosis of solitary kidney in the Belgorod region is presented in the article. The analysis of 28 cases of tuberculosis in solitary kidney is carried out. Frequency and forms of tubercular lesion of solitary kidney are presented.


A new two-step damage detection technique based on the fourth strain statistical moment was recently proposed by the authors, and its sensitivity to local structural damage has been numerically demonstrated for beam-type structures. In this article, the proposed method is extended to an experimental beam to assess its feasibility and practicality. A simply supported steel beam was manufactured and subjected to Gaussian white-noise excitation before and after damage. The strain responses of each measurement point were recorded based on which fourth strain statistical moments were calculated. The proposed two-step technique was implemented to locate the damaged elements of the experimental beam, for which the damage sizes were identified based on the least-square updating algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed fourth strain statistical moment index and the two-step damage detection technique are effective and feasible for beam-type structures.