251 Background: Lung cancer care is complex, but, for quality improvement, can be simplified into five 'nodal points': lesion detection, diagnostic biopsy, radiologic staging, invasive staging, and treatment. We previously demonstrated great heterogeneity in passage through these nodal points in patients who received surgical resection for lung cancer in our healthcare system. However, examining only surgical patients may underestimate the enormity of the opportunity for quality improvement. With the aim of identifying quality gaps in pre-treatment evaluation for lung cancer, we evaluated the flow of care through these nodal points within a community-based healthcare system. Methods: We classified lung cancer care procedures received by all suspected lung cancer patients treated within the Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program at Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis TN between 2014 and 2019, into five nodal points. We compared the frequency of, and time intervals between, nodal points among patients receiving surgical, nonsurgical (chemotherapy/radiation), or no definitive treatment, using Chi-square or Kruskal Wallis tests, where appropriate. Results: Of 1304 eligible patients: 11% had no pre-treatment diagnostic procedure, 20% no PET/CT, and 39% no invasive staging. 39% of patients underwent surgical resection, 51% received non-surgical treatment, and 10% received no treatment. Patients who had surgery were less likely than those who had non-surgical treatment to get a diagnostic test, radiologic staging, and invasive staging (Table). Patients who had non-surgical treatment were more likely to pass through all five nodal points (50% v 68%, p<0.0001). The median (IQR) duration from initial lesion identification to treatment (n=1126) was 77 days (45-190); 27 days (10-90) from lesion identification to diagnostic biopsy (n=1115); and 38 days (26-63) from diagnostic biopsy to treatment (n=1041). Patients who had surgery received less timely care than those who had non-surgical or no treatment: median 122 v 66 v 68 days from lesion identification to treatment; 40 v 21 v 29 days from lesion identification to diagnostic biopsy; 46 v 38 v 31 days from diagnostic biopsy to treatment (p<0.0001 all comparisons). Conclusions: Quality improvement initiatives within our healthcare system, such as the establishment of a coordinated multidisciplinary program, enhanced care quality over previous benchmarks. Despite improvements, lung cancer patients who had surgery received less frequent and less timely pre-treatment evaluation than those without surgery. Implementing a standardized cancer care pathway from diagnosis to surgery could help to reduce variations in optimal care delivery.[Table: see text]


Landolfi and Steiner's elegant study' shows that ethanol increases prostacyclin (PGI2) concentration, both in vitro and in vivo. In the light of recent findings, we would like to add a few comments which may be of relevance. We have also shown that ethanol enhances the in vitro conversion by rat aortic rings of anachidonic acid to PG!2.2 However, the concentrations of ethanol required (0.5 g/dL)' were considerably greater than those shown to be stimulatory by Landolfi and Steiner (0.08 g/dL). Furthermore, two other in vitro models (including human umbilical vessel rings) showed that ethanol had no effect on PGI2 synthesis.2 The in vivo 6-oxo-PGF1,, measurements should be interpreted with some caution, since others reported median plasma levels of only <1 pg/mL in normal subjects when using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which is probably the most sensitive and specific method for plasma 6-oxo-PGF1, assays.3 This value contrasts with the 20.6 pg/mL reported by Landolfi and Steiner.' The methodological discnepancies2 of plasma prostanoid measurements must induce investigators to assess such data with adequate caution. Landolfi and Steiner correctly point out that relatively high blood ethanol concentrations are needed to demonstrate significant inhibition of platelet aggregation. However, we have recently shown, using sensitive techniques, that median blood ethanol levels of 0.05 to 0.07 g/dL significantly inhibit thromboxane A2 (TXA2, a vasoconstnicton and stimulator of platelet aggregation) release from human platelets, both in vivo and ex vivo. Therefore, when considering the findings of both studies'2 in conjunction, it would appear that moderate blood ethanol levels alter the PGI2/TXA2 balance in favor of PGI2. These findings lend further support to the view that ethanol-mediated modulation of prostanoid synthesis contributes to the protection from ischemic heart disease observed with moderate drinking. Whether moderate ethanol intake exerts a more protracted effect on PGI2 and TXA2 synthesis remains speculative at present,5 but deserves further investigation.


Decarburization and resulting intergranular disintegration of steel due to action of nascent hydrogen evolving in corrosion reactions in a boiler may result in tube failures in the circulating system of boiler.


Biomedical polymer materials have been widely applied in biological and medical fields. When the polymer materials were in contact with human body permanently or transiently, they can cause the adverse biological reactions such as inflammation, carcinogenesis, forming thrombus and so on. The adverse biological reactions were caused by the action of materials surface and biological environment. The surface modification of polymer materials can enhance its biocompatibility. This paper is related to the surface modification of PE films by combining plasma pretreatment with UV-induced graft polymerization, in order to improve the antithrombogenicity of polyethylene (PE) films. For improving antithrombogenicity of PE films, the films pretreated by Ar plasma were subjected to UV-induced graft polymerization with acrylamide (AAm) without photo- initiator. It takes further use of plasma technology to do the surface modification for the polylactic acid of biodegradable polymer materials.


Passivating contacts based on thin tunneling oxides (SiOx) and n- and p-type semi-crystalline or polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) enable high passivation quality and low contact resistivity, but the integration of these p+/n emitter and n+/n back surface field junctions into interdigitated back contact silicon solar cells poses a challenge due to high recombination at the transition region from p-type to n-type poly-Si. Here, the transition region was created in different configurations—(a) p+ and n+ poly-Si regions are in direct contact with each other ("pn-junction"), using a local overcompensation (counterdoping) as a self-aligning process, (b) undoped (intrinsic) poly-Si remains between the p+ and n+ poly-Si regions ("pin-junction"), and (c) etched trenches separate the p+ and n+ poly-Si regions ("trench")—in order to investigate the recombination characteristics and the reverse breakdown behavior of these solar cells. Illumination- and injection-dependent quasi-steady state photoluminescence (suns-P...


The production of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses to race is a multi-million dollar industry in New Zealand. However, wastage studies have shown that as many as 50% of foals born fail to race (Wilsher et al. 2006; Jeffcott et al. 1982; Perkins et al. 2004a; Perkins et al. 2004b). Wastage, defined as losses that occur during the production of horses to race, is a major cause for concern in the racing industry and has both animal welfare and economic implications. Wastage may be caused by several factors including lack of ability, physical injury or financial decision by owners and can occur at any stage from conception through to competing at the races. Horses pass through the various stages from training through to racing by meeting various training milestones. These are easily quantifiable and recognised by the industry. Three training milestones were used in this study. The first is "Registered with a trainer" (REG), which is the official notification to New Zealand Thoroughbred Racing or Harness Racing New Zealand from a trainer that a horse is in training in his/her stable. The second milestone is that a horse is "Entered in a Trial" (TRIAL). Trials are competitive events managed by the New Zealand racing authorities, used to condition horses, assess race potential, and to reveal potential to the wagering public. The third training milestone is "Competing in a race" (RACE) for the first time. For clarity and brevity in this paper, the three milestones are referred to by the abbreviations as shown above. The aim of this study was to investigate the failure of a selected cohort of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses to reach key industry training milestones.


The ultrasonic-rebound comprehensive method is one of the most used methods for in-situ testing concrete strength, it can remedy the single test's unperfected of the rebound method and the ultrasonic method, improve the detection precision. The in-situ strength curve of traditional method is obtained most from test blocks of the laboratory, which isn't coincident with the practical engineering because the differences between the blocks and the architecture structure are comparatively great. Fusing the generality information provided with plenty of data in the laboratory and the personality information obtained from in-situ sample and the test blocks of the same condition, the in-situ rebound strength curve and in-situ ultrasonic strength curve is got by two-way regression method. The in-situ ultrasonic-rebound strength curve which fuses both in-situ rebound strength curve and in-situ ultrasonic strength curve is given by using the theory of the maximum likelihood. It is shown from engineering practice that the strength curve of this paper can reach a higher precision than the traditional one. Moreover, this method is used not only in testing concrete strength but also in the fields.


The region of Tangshan has 50 thousand years' history.It is rich in cultural heritage.At the end of the Shang dynasty,there were pioneers of Confucianism — Bo Yi and Shu Qi who respected the etiquette and loyalty.It is one of the sources of Confucius.After Han and Tang Dynasties,Confucianism was spread further in Tangshan;During Meng and Yuan Dynasties,Zhang Zai's neo-Confucianism revival in Tangshan had a far-reaching affect.


Let $R$ be an associative ring. An additive map $F:R\toR$ is called a generalized derivation if there exists a derivation $d$ of $R$ such that $F(xy)=F(x)y+xd(y)$ for all $x,y\in R$. In [7], Herstein proved the following result: If $R$ is a prime ring of $char(R)\neq 2$ admitting a nonzero derivation $d$ such that $[d(x),d(y)]=0$ for all $x,y\in R$, then $R$ is commutative. In the present paper, we shall study the above mentioned result for generalized derivations in rings with involution.


Abstract Climatic factors such as precipitation and temperature place primary controls on vegetation growth and development. The relationships between these factors and vegetation dynamics, as monitored using satellite remote sensing data, have been demonstrated on continental, regional and subregional scales. Most local studies have primarily focused on small areas immediately surrounding weather stations. Here, the effects of climatic "factors over intermediate‐scale sites of relatively homogenous vegetative land cover are examined. Two areas of Kansas are selected for study: the shortgrass Sandsage Prairie in the southwest and the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in the east‐central Flint Hills region. Within year and between year variation in vegetation in the context of climatic variability is examined on these sites using NOAA AVHRR data. Large increases in the strength of association between vegetative response (NDVI) and one‐month lagged precipitation as compared to same month correlations are demonstrated. This does not bode well for the use of AVHRR NDVI as a "real‐time" drought monitoring tool.


From the Publisher:
"C++ XML is a book exclusively devoted to the power and complexities of integrating XML standards into C++. As a developer, this is a book you cannot miss. C++ XML addresses all major standards, toolkits, and types of applications dealing with XML as a format for representing and exchanging data, as well as XML behavior, from a C++ standpoint. It explains the implementation of applications and reusable frameworks for all major XML purposes exclusively using C/C++ parsers and toolkits, such as expat, Xerces, Xalan, libxml2, and Microsoft's MSXML." The high-end theory and examples in this book - such as development of OpenGL applications, Visual Studio Wizards to automate DOM procedures, GIMP extensions to interpret XML scripts, and more - and its exclusive C++ orientation - separates this work from any other resource (online and offline). It is a must-have for any programmer interested in a specialized, complete, and detailed view of XML technologies.


Introduction: Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in developed countries and its incidence is increasing. Many scoring systems are used to assess the severity of disease in patients admitted to the ICU. SOFA score to assess the degree of organ dysfunction in septic patients. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring system is most often used for patients admitted to the ICU. CCI scoring system to assess the effect of comorbid disease in critically ill patients on mortality. The study aimed to describe the characteristics of the use of scoring to predict patients' mortality admitted to Haji Adam Malik Hospital.
Methods: This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 299 study subjects met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, three types of scoring, namely SOFA score, APACHE II score, and CCI score were used to assess the prognosis of septic patients. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 252 people (84.3%) of sepsis patients died. The mean age of the septic patients who died was 54.25 years. The SOFA score ranged from 0-24, the median SOFA score in deceased sepsis patients was 5.0. The APACHE II score ranged from 0-71, the median APACHE II score in deceased sepsis patients was 23.0. The CCI score ranged from 0-37, the median CCI score in deceased sepsis patients was 5.0.
Conclusion: Higher scores are associated with an increased probability of death in septic patients.

Keywords: Sepsis; mortality predictor; SOFA score; APACHE II score, CCI score.


Background: Ponatinib is effective as salvage treatment for chronic phase (CP) Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients resistant or intolerant to prior TKIs. Based on the concern for an unfavourable cardiovascular toxicity profile, a dose reduction to 15 mg daily is currently recommended in CP patients after the achievement of treatment milestones. As more flexible approaches with TKIs dosage are increasingly adopted in clinical practice, identifying specific profiles of patients eligible for different treatment strategies, in order to improve the benefit/risk ratio, would be of particular interest.
 Aims: To update previous observations in an extended cohort of CML patients, resistant or intolerant to prior TKIs, describing the efficacy and toxicity of two different ponatinib schedules (de-escalated vs 15 mg starting dose). Secondly, to investigate whether specific subsets of CML patients were managed more successfully with one strategy.
 Methods: A retrospective analysis of CML-CP patients treated with ponatinib 15 mg, as starting or de-escalated dose has been performed. No pre-specified criteria to switch to ponatinib, to reduce or to start therapy with a lower dose were indicated. Cytogenetic and molecular responses were evaluated according to the ELN2013 recommendations. Toxicities under ponatinib treatment leading to transient or definitive discontinuation were recorded.
 Results: 68 patients were included in this analysis. Median age at ponatinib start was 57 years (range: 28-87). The median time from CML diagnosis to ponatinib treatment was 4.6 years (range: 0.4-19). Most patients (70.6%) were treated with imatinib as frontline treatment. 30/68 patients (44%) received ponatinib as 4th or subsequent line of therapy. ABL1 mutations were detected in 18 (26.5%) patients (being 44% of them positive for the T315I mutation). 50/68 (73.5%) of cases had less than MR2 at the time of ponatinib initiation, with one third exhibiting primary refractoriness to all prior treatments. Resistance to prior TKIs was the reason for switch in 85% of patients treated with higher doses of ponatinib, while 13/26 patients starting with 15 mg were purely intolerant or intolerant and resistant (p= 0.001). No other significant differences between the two groups were identified.
 MR2, MR3 and MR4/MR4.5 rates were 78.6%, 59.6% and 28.6% in 42 patients treated with the "de-escalated" approach, respectively. First step of dose reduction was decided after a median time of 3.1 months, with a subsequent decrease to 15 mg after a median of 10 months. Dose modifications were guided mostly by adverse events (73%) and, less frequently, to prevent toxicity and/or following response attainment (27%). Median duration of treatment was 27 months (range: 2-81), with 5/42 patients discontinuing ponatinib (1 cerebrovascular accident, 2 severe hematologic toxicities, two cases of resistance/progression). 4 deaths were registered, three after blast crisis and one for a fatal cardiovascular event.
 26 patients started ponatinib 15 mg daily, with a median duration of treatment was 15 months (range: 2-58). MR2 was obtained in 77%, MR3 in 69.3% and MR4 in 46.2% of cases, respectively. MR3 or deeper responses were maintained in 80% of patients; 7/26 lost their best acquired response, with subsequent dose escalation to higher than 15 mg in 5/26 patients. Treatment discontinuation was necessary in 3 cases (1 coronary vasospasm-induced acute coronary syndrome, 2 muscle skeletal pain).
 Of note, patients with ABL mutations gained benefit only from the "de-escalated" approach, with response improvements in 10/14 of cases vs 0/4 in the "low dose" group. Similarly, a higher rate of at least a MR2 was obtained in primary refractory patients treated ab initio with higher doses of ponatinib (57.1 % vs 14.3 %). However, focusing only on pure intolerant patients, 15 mg starting dose was very effective, with all patients achieving at least a MR3 or deeper response.
 Summary/Conclusion: With the limits of the retrospective nature and small sample size, these data suggest that different dose strategies could be applied to specific subsets of CP-CML patients. While mutations or refractoriness to previous treatments should address towards a "debulking approach" with 45 or 30 mg ponatinib dose, intolerant or "low level resistance" cases could benefit from lower starting dose. Further investigation in larger prospective trials is warranted.

 Castagnetti: Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol Meyers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Gugliotta:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Abruzzese:Ariad: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy. Breccia:Pfizer: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria. Levato:Novartis: Other: Advisory board. Pane:AMGEN: Speakers Bureau; BMS: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.


It is very difficult to predict how multilayer defects known as "phase defects" impact on wafer printed image when embedded in an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask. Therefore, researchers have reported many techniques to analyze and characterize phase defects using scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) and phase defect inspection tools that employ deep ultraviolet or EUV optics. To characterize the phase defects using SPM or other inspection tools, preparing and employing a programmed phase defect mask is a practical way to address the task because the locations, sizes, and quantity of phase defects can be defined to fit experiments. For this study, a programmed phase defect mask was prepared to investigate the size uniformity of the programmed phase defects. The designed phase defects were holes 40-, 50-, 70-, or 80-nm-wide and 4.5-nm-deep. Using a SPM, the phase defects were measured for their depths and widths before and after coating with the multilayer. As a result, variations in the measured depths and wid...


We read with great interest the article by Worthley et al 1 that recently appeared in your Journal, and the subsequent letter on the same subject.2 We would like to make some comments on this interesting topic.

Worthley et al reported a new autosomal dominant syndrome that they named gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS). GAPPS appears to be characterised by proximal gastric polyposis, particularly of the fundic gland type that often displays low and high grade dysplasia with early development of gastric cancer. These patients showed no evidence of colonic polyps, and other genetic syndromes were excluded. Yanaru-Fujisawa et al reported a further family with GAPPS.

So far, dysplasia has been described …


Three new 3D (3, 4)-connected nets are described belonging to the special family of nets in which each 3-connected point is connected to three 4-connected points and each 4-connected point is connected to four 3-connected points.


The amino acid residue(s) involved in the activity of buckwheat α-glucosidase was modified by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide in the presence of glycine ethyl ester. The modification resulted in the decrease in the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme following pseudo-first order kinetics. Competitive inhibitors, such as Tris and turanose, protected the enzyme against the inactivation. Protection was provided also by alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal and ammonium ions, though these cations are non-essential for the activity of the enzyme. Turanose or K+ protected one carboxyl group per enzyme from the modification with carbodiimide and glycine ethyl ester. Free sulfhydryl group of the enzyme was also partially modified with carbodiimide, but the inactivation was considered to be mainly attributed to the modification of essential carboxyl group rather than to that of free sulfhydryl group.


The purpose this study was to investigate the relationship between that the social contribution activity, attachment to local and value expectation among the resistances to mega sports event. The subject of this study was 391 resistances by convenience sampling in the site 2018 winter Olympic Game. The data collected by survey research. And collected data analyzed by SPSS version 18.0 and AMOS 8.0 version. Specially, Covariance Structure Analysis used to verify of structural equation modeling and hypothesis. The result of hypothesis verify show that significant casual relationship between variable study on the variable. In conclusion, first, it turned out that the expectation to community development have a significant impact on the social capital. In other words, the higher the expectation to community development of resistances the higher social capital. Second, it turned out that the expectation to community development of resistances have a significant impact on the cooperation effect, intention. In other words, the higher the expectation to community development of resistances the higher cooperation effect, intention. Third, it turned out that the social capital of resistances have a significant impact on the cooperation effect, intention. In other words, the higher the social capital of resistances the higher cooperation effect, intention. Future research influence result of this study and practial implications will be discussed.


Drug interaction between sumatriptan succinate or sumatriptan, an anti-migraine agent, and sodium valproate (VPA-Na), an anti-convulsant, was studied in rats. When sumatriptan succinate or succinate was administered orally immediately following oral administration (p.o.) of VPA-Na in rats. The plasma valpronic acid (VPA) levels were significantly lower than those in control rats treated without sumatriptan succinate. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as plasma VPA, the maximum plasma concentration (C max ) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of VPA up to 3hr (AUC 0-3 ) were calculated and found to be significantly decreased in rats treated with sumatriptan succinate. However,when sumatriptan succinate or sumatriptan was administered intraperitoneally or p.o. with VPA, respectively, the pharmacokinetics of VPA were not changed. These results suggest that decreases in the plasma VPA concentrations as well as including C max and AUC 0-3 may be due to reduced absorption of VPA-Na from the gut by sumatriptan succinate.


In this paper we examine the effect that the KelvinHelmholtz instability can have on the propagation of rotating YSO jets. There is strong evidence from observations to suggest that jets from young stars rotate. Rotation will change the expected growth rates of certain instabilities, which will have an effect on the predicted observational properties of these jets. A linear stability analysis has been carried out in several papers (Hardee 1987 [1], Hardee & Norman 1988 [2], Bodo et al. 1989 & 1996 [3,4]). This analysis revolves around the derivation of the dispersion relation


Current knowledge on the ultrasound wave propagation in the cranial bone is restricted to far-field observations. In order to extend our understanding on how ultrasound waves propagate in the skull, we use short laser pulses to excite ultrasound waves in water-immersed ex vivo mouse and human skulls and explored their near-field. The laser pulses (10 ns duration) of 532 nm are absorbed by a small layer of black burnish deposited on the skull's inner surface and generate ultrasound waves due to the thermoelastic effect. The acoustic near-field is mapped using a needle hydrophone close to the skull surface, following a three-dimensional scanning path derived from a previous pulse-echo scan of the skull with a spherically focused ultrasound transducer. The results for mouse and human skulls show different wave propagation regimes according to their differences in size, thickness, and internal structure. Leaky and non-leaky waves have been observed for both skull samples. Zero order Lamb modes were observed in the mouse skull, whereas Rayleigh-Lamb higher order modes can be observed in the human skull sample, presumably propagating in the outer cortical bone layer. Good agreement is found between the experiments and the multilayered flat plate model.


Due to the natural complementarity of physical characteristics of electricity and natural gas (electricity is easy to transmit and natural gas is easy to store) and the technical support of energy conversion equipment, the electricity-gas integrated energy system (IES) has received widespread attention both domestic and abroad. Heterogeneous energy systems in the integrated energy system have different time scales and therefore possess different dynamic characteristics. In this paper, a coupled mathematical model of the electricity-gas integrated energy system is constructed by considering data fusion of different time scales. To remain consistent capture rate in two systems, linear extrapolation and interpolation are used. In order to fully consider two-way interaction between the electricity and natural gas, a compressor model is studied, and integrated energy systems based on gas turbine (GT) and power to gas (P2G) are built. For the purpose of creating a state estimation model in electricity-gas IES with good robustness, weighted least absolute value (WLAV) is applied during the modeling process. Finally, a simulation example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the detection of the creatin kinase and its isoenzyme in serum from patients with asthma.Methods To calibration 78 patients with asthma the values of CK,LDH,GOT and HBDH in serum were measured,while the arterial blood gas analysis and pulmonary function were also measured in tested patients with asthma at exacerbation.Results The median concentrations of sCK in groupⅢ and groupⅣ were 285U/L and 975U/L respectively,all were significantly higher than other groups.The activity of sCK was more closely correlated with FEV1%(r=-0.589,P0.001)in patients with asthma at exacerbation.Conclusion The activity of sCK may be a useful marker for monitoring the degree of severity and prognosis of patients with asthma at exacerbation.The respiratory muscles injuries may be the reason of the activity of sCK increased among patients with asthma at severe attack.


The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) on semen qualities in Sahiwal bulls. Twelve Sahiwal bulls divided into three groups T1, T2 and T3 based on their similar semen volume and concentration and were fed with 0, 1.5 and 2.0 times higher Mn, Cr and Co over and above the basal diet (ICAR, 2013) in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, for a period of 120 days. Semen was collected in all the groups twice a week and evaluated for quantitative and qualitative attributes. It was found that additional supplementation of Mn, Cr and Co had no influence on body weight gain, intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF)]. Seminal mass motility, initial progressive motility, live spermatozoa, normal spermatozoa, intact acrosome and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) positive sperm count was higher (P less than 0.05) in T3 group in comparison to T1 and T2 groups of fresh as well as frozen semen. Blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher (P greator than 0.05) in both T2 and T3 than T1. A reduction (P less than 0.05) in lipid peroxidation activity (LPO) in fresh and frozen semen in T3 group was observed. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of Mn @ 30 ppm, Co @ 0.22 ppm and Cr @ 2 ppm, respectively per day per Sahiwal bull can improve the qualitative and quantitative attributes of semen.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of overcoming multidrug resistance of liposomal doxorubicin in vitro.METHODS Different sensitive and resistant cell lines were cultured with various concentrations of liposomal doxorubicin or doxorubicin solution.MTT assay,fluorescence microscopic observation and flow cytometry assay were then used to monitor the growth of the cell lines and drug accumulation and efflux.RESULTS The IC50 of doxorubicin-liposome on sensitive cell lines was higher than free doxorubicin,however,the difference between their IC50 was not significant on resistance cell lines(P0.05);stronger fluorescence in nucleus was found in liposomal doxorubicin treated cells than cells treated with free doxorubicin;more in-depth study revealed that there was no significant difference between KBv200 cells treated with doxorubicin-liposome and free doxorubicin,however,doxorubicin-liposome showed longer retention ability than free drugs in resistant cells(P0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with free doxorubicin,liposomal doxorubicin can partially overcome multidrug resistance in vitro.


We correct some intermediate expressions and arguments in hep-lat/0002009 (Nucl. Phys. B 585 (2000) 471--513). The main results do not change. We also mention some additional observations, including a constraint on a coefficient of the possible nontrivial anomaly which was not given in the paper.


In this study, the preparation of nickel and cobalt incorporated MCM-41 (metal-MCM-41) with Si/Al = 10, Si/Mo = 10 and Si/Co and Si/Ni as 50 was done. Then molybdenum was impregnated on Ni-MCM-41 and Co-MCM41 by incipient wetness impregnation method. MCM-41 based catalysts were characterized by XRD, surface area, pore volume, pore-size distribution, and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The catalysts were evaluated for hydrodesulfurization of model compounds thiophene and benzothiophene in pulse reactor at atmospheric pressure and at different temperatures. HDS of dibenzothiophene dissolved in dodecane, was also performed in a batch autoclave reactor at high pressure and temperature. The results of hydrodesulfurization activity indicate that when impregnated with molybdenum the prepared metal-MCM-41 showed higher activity as compared to commercial catalyst. Mo-CoMCM-41 showed highest conversion per mole of metal in hydrodesulfurization of thiophene and benzothiophene. For comparison purposes, a sample of NiMo-Y zeolite catalyst was also prepared and evaluated.


ANA TEIXEIRA: Swimming with Dolphins. A Study on Legitimacy Processes in the Southern California Tuna Industry (Under the direction of Howard E. Aldrich) This dissertation examines organizational legitimacy processes in the Southern California tuna fleet fishing in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. The study employs a multidimensional model of organizational legitimacy consisting of cognitive legitimacy (producers' and consumers' dimension), and moral legitimacy. I use print media-based measures of cognitive and moral legitimacy collected for the period between 1903-2000 and an event history dataset on foundings and disbandings of Southern California tuna vessels' during the period between 1926-2003. Findings suggest that producers' cognitive legitimacy plays an important role in organizational dynamics by increasing the number of vessel foundings and decreasing the number of vessel disbandings. The effect of producers' cognitive legitimacy is felt even after adjustment for important ecological predictors such as organizational density, prior foundings and prior disbanding, thus confirming the need to use direct measures of legitimacy in the study of organizational processes. In terms of the regulatory environment, international regulations have a negative impact on foundings, but national regulations did not show any impact on foundings or disbandings. Compared however to the regulatory period of the tuna industry, the pre-regulatory period of the industry shows decreased exits of vessels. However, neither consumers' cognitive legitimacy nor negative moral legitimacy show any impact on vessel foundings or disbandings. iii iv In order to understand the different mechanisms that compose organizational legitimacy, I conduct an in-depth analysis of producers' cognitive legitimacy. Through a qualitative content analysis, I deconstruct the measure into different levels of analysis (i.e., organizational, population, and community), and identify different categories of organizational knowledge. I finalize my in-depth analysis by identifying the different negative impacts that became associated with the tuna industry and the several strategies that industry's producers used to raise and protect its legitimacy in the cognitive and moral arenas. The findings suggest that legitimacy has a differential influence on organizational foundings and disbandings, depending on the particular type of legitimacy and the historical period of the tuna industry. Ao meu pai, José Reis Teixeira


Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children, and those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia


The papers by Korpi, Henrekson and Agell raise important questions both about the Swedish economy and about the way in which evidence on economic growth should be handled in debate on economic policy. I want to comment in particular on the fundamental question of whether the international evidence allows us to judge that Swedish growth has been below par. The papers raise two further questions. On the first whether growth is inhibited by high taxation and a large welfare state, the hallmarks of the post-war Swedish economy Agell provides as good an assessment of the cross-country macroeconomic evidence as we can probably hope to get at the moment: unproven. On the final vexed question of whether the structure of the economics profession has been inimical to open debate, I have only a few comments to make. Let me start with the criteria and method by which we should attempt to assess relative economic performance. This is a methodological minefield. There are numerous paths leading to divergent conclusions. The least we can do is to be explicit about our choices and subject our provisional conclusions to some checks for robustness. What performance measure is relevant? We could look at GDP or consumption, scaled per head of population or per member of the workforce or per hour worked. What deflators do we use? We can reduce measures denominated in local currency to a common unit using exchange rates or using fixed international prices or using utility-based indexes. Which derivative of the performance measure do we use? We might want to compare levels or rankings, or we might choose to assess relative rates of growth, or even relative changes in growth rates? Which time period is relevant? In particular, comparisons of growth rates are often very sensitive to choice of start and end years when business cycle fluctuations are asynchronous. What is the reference pointfor assessing underor overachievement? The definition of par might be either the best performance or average performance, for some group of countries for some period of time. Finally, what exogenousfactors are to be taken into account? We might wish to control for the influence on our preferred performance measure of a wide range of factors which are extraneous to the policy question under examination. I will take a brisk jog through this minefield, explaining briefly some of the choices which seem most relevant to the problem in hand but without attempting a full exposition of the problems. The most usual starting place is to choose real GDP per capita as a measure of aggregate performance. This


This paper aimed to build the RBL model of teaching activities framework combined with the STEAM approach, specifically by developing batik motifs as cultural heritage and sustainable rural economic development to increase students' historical literacy. This type of research employs a qualitative methodology. The first step in the research process is collecting literature and published papers on creating a framework for research-based learning activities integrated with the STEAM approach. The findings were presented in a table containing six stages, stage 1-6. Each stage is explaining how students learned to design Batik motifs using CorelDraw and Geogebra software while implementing the Research Based Learning Model of teaching with a STEAM approach. The primary finding of these studies relates to the STEAM integrated to the RBL model are to determine STEAM activity in designing batik motifs using Geogebra and CorelDraw software to increase students' historical literacy in described in stage 1-6. This study also included the construction of a test instrument framework for students' historical literacy. The implication is that the learning activities frame are ready to be continued to the development process of RBL-STEM learning materials in improving students' historical literacy in designing batik motifs as cultural heritage and sustainable rural economic development.


Professor Jerzy Małecki, a former member of the editorial board of 'Phase Transitions' and a Research Staff Member at the Institute of Molecular Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Poznań, Poland, passed away on 2 July 2018. Professor Małecki was born in 1933 in Swarzędz, a small town not far from Poznań. After the outbreak of World War II his family moved to Warsaw. In 1945, after leaving the Nazi prison, his parents moved with the children to Poznań. In the years 1951–1955 Jerzy Małecki studied physics at the University of Poznań. After graduating, he started working at the Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. At this Institute, he progressed through the stages of seniority until he became a full professor in 1983. His expertise was in the field of molecular and condensed matter physics. Professor Małecki was a world-class authority in the field of molecular interactions in liquids and liquid crystals. He made particular contributions in the field of nonlinear dielectric effect research methods, also known as dielectric saturation. The techniques he developed have been widely used in many national and foreign laboratories. Professor Małecki's interests focused on the phenomena of molecular orientation and transport in liquids and liquid crystals. This research, carried out with his students, resulted in contributions of great importance in the field of molecular biology, such as in molecular association in liquids and the proton transfer process in molecular complexes with hydrogen bonding. This work has contributed to our understanding of point mutations and the aging process. The results of this research were published in over 140 papers and formed the basis of the scientific careers of many of his students, work which resulted in 13 dissertations and 9 habilitations. Six of his students have received the title of professor. Professor Małecki had a keen interest in technological applications. The project co-directed by him on the technology of electret microphone production was particularly successful. This cooperation with industry resulted in the large scale production of high-quality microphones, which satisfied the needs of the electronics industry of Eastern Europe in the 1970s and 1980s. Following on from this cooperation, a number of well-respected books on the physics and technology of electrets have remained. Professor Jerzy Małecki has left a lasting legacy in both the physics of condensed matter and in its technological applications. As a valued friend, colleague, and teacher he will be greatly missed by those who knew him.


TWO surveys of the operating expenses of Canadian manufacturers have been made in the last twenty-five years. The fLrst covers all establishments reporting to the Dominion Bureau of Statistics for the Census of Manufactures in each of the five years I9I 7 to 192 I; the second, undertaken for the Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations in I938, covers in greater detail a limited but fairly representative group of manufacturers for each of the years I929, I933, and I936. The present paper describes the origin, methods, and results of the second or I938 survey, and provides a summary of the I9I7-2I study. In addition, it attempts to arrange the results of both surveys in comparable form.' Because of the difficulty of securing reliable figures by the method employed in the I938 survey, special attention is given to the representativeness of the results. Certain details of importance for the text will be found in appendices. Among the tables presented, Table 9 is of most general interest, while certain applications of the results will be found in Tables io and i i.


Mangrove forest is one of the essential ecosystems in the coastal region that occupies and provides a broad range of ecological services such as protection from erosion, natural flood mitigation, as well as a mechanism for biodiversity maintenance. However, the urbanization process and environmental issues of land and coastal pollution have currently threatened the mangrove areas worldwide. The pressure on mangrove forests loss becomes a crucial issue in sustaining the natural ecosystem particularly within the tidal areas. Hence, this study highlights the issues of i) decline of mangrove areas ii) zero price value on mangrove areas and iii) lack of understanding in valuing the mangrove areas. This paper reports on a study of perceptions on mangrove forest, willingness to participate in mangrove conservation and satisfaction level in management of mangrove. The Pearson correlation test shows there was a weak correlation between perception and willingness to participate (r= .464), significant at p<.01 for 219 samples of population interviewed. 59 (26.9%) respondents strongly satisfied with the current mangrove forest conservation practices and 87 (39.7%) respondents were satisfied and the others rate as unsure, not satisfied and strongly not satisfied. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


Stationary and dynamic fluorescence experiments with pyrene as a probe molecule indicate higher aggregation numbers in Triton-X-100 micelles at higher temperatures well below the cloud point. The structure of the micelles is changed considerably as (in spite of higher aggregation) the hydrophobic compartment available to the probe molecules becomes smaller. The increase of aggregation is combined with a decrease of the number of micelles, i. e. micelles are dissolved or merge with others.


We established M51 systems as a class of interacting pairs of galaxies in 1959. In 1975 I showed that among 160 systems with this appearance the ratio of luminosities (and hence masses) of the components varies from 1:1 to 1:0.01. In the latter case, the companion is comparable in mass and dimension to an isolated Η II region. The number of such M51-type systems increases as the luminosity of the companion decreases. Small companions cannot draw spiral arms from the primary companions by means of tides. Yet, they are observed at the tips of spiral arms. Thus, they must originate at the same time as the spiral or form within them. In some cases, these companions emanate from the spiral arm, as is shown by comparison of observations and calculations.


INTRODUCTION: In children and adolescent the degree of body mass depends upon ethnic background, gender, developmental stages, and ages. Waist circumference, skin fold thickness and body mass index are the most useful non invasive clinical measures to define obesity. Body mass index is considered one of the most important indexes of growth through which obesity can be predicted. It is an artistic way for expressing body weight in relation to height. The human body is composed of three main component; muscles, fats, and bones, fats can be divided into essentials fats and stored fats. Recently, it has been proposed that the adult body mass index (BMI) cut-off points (25 and 30 kg/m2) should be related to BMI percentile in children and adolescents to provide for cutoff points at younger ages. Obesity and hypertension are both major public health problems in society. Cardiac output and systematic vascular resistance determines the level of arterial BP. In children, high cardiac output plays a part in the early pathogenesis of hypertension. Several factors have been suggested to be related to the BP level in children. These include genetic factors, maturation, obesity and low physical activity; body size, endocrine and renal factors, dietary factors (particularly high sodium intake), environmental cardiac exposure, oral contraceptives, noise and psychological and social influences.


Uncontrolled use of antimicrobials in the prophylaxis and treatment of human and animal diseases leads to the appearance of residues in the environment and food. The use of antimicrobials as growth promoters in breeding affirms the importance of their residual finding in foods of animal origin. Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are one of the most common causes of food poisoning. All species of this genus are pathogenic to humans and cause various diseases known as salmonellosis. Humans can become infected through the faecal-oral route by consuming contaminated food and water or by direct contact with an animal. Salmonella that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs can transfer resistance genes to other microorganisms. In this work, the resistance of 10 Salmonella isolates from poultry meat to 8 different antimicrobial substances was examined by the disk diffusion method. All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. All isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and significant percentages were resistant to other antimicrobial drugs. Also, multi-drug resistance of Salmonella isolates was found. The best prevention of salmonellosis in humans is constant and comprehensive control of this hazard in food products during production, processing, storage, and sale.


In this paper, an estimator based on fuzzy if-then rules are developed for multidimensional multitarget tracking with multisensor data taken in a cluttered environment. The clustering algorithm based upon a pseudo k-means algorithm and the match-agreement data technique designed in our previous paper are used here for clustering multisensor data from a clustered environment and data association problem in multitarget tracking. The estimator based on fuzzy if-then rules consists of Gaussian membership functions, min- "and" inference, and centroid defuzzification. Examples are presented to illustrate the comparisons between a Kalman estimator and the fuzzy estimator.<<ETX>>


The vast amount of code available on the web is increasing on a daily basis. Open-source hosting sites such as GitHub contain billions of lines of code. Community question-answering sites provide millions of code snippets with corresponding text and metadata. The amount of code available in executable binaries is even greater. In this lecture series, I will cover recent research trends on leveraging such "big codefor program analysis, program synthesis and reverse engineering.


Abstract The object of this paper is to present some results obtained with an extended Kalman fitter (EKF). First, a discussion is given of the way that the EKF has been implemented and tested for a global nondivergent barotropic model spectrally truncated at T21. In the present paper, the assimilation experiments focused solely on the time evolution of the forecast error covariances that are influenced by two factors: 1) their time integration performed here with the tangent linear model obtained from a linearization around the true trajectory and 2) the accuracy and distribution of the observations. Data from a simulated radiosonde network have been assimilated over a 24-h period. The results show that even though no model error has been considered, there can be a substantial forecast error growth, especially in regions where the flow is unstable and no data are available. The error growth is attributed to instability processes that are embedded within the complex flow configuration around which the non...


SIN (Schweizerisches Institut fur Nuclearforschung, or the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research) has begun to prepare the site for its meson factory at Villigen near Zurich. The design of this machine was recently discussed by hen;Pierre Blaser. A variable energy cyclotron will accelerate protons to 70 MeV and a second cyclotron will complete acceleration to 500 MeV with an expected current of 100 microamperes. The facility can be used for experiments with the low‐energy beams of the injector cyclotron or for intermediate‐energy physics with both accelerator stages.


The study entitled "Figurative Language in Jalaluddin Rumi's Poems". The aims of the study are to find out figurative languages used in Jalaluddin Rumi's selected poems (metaphor, simile, personification, and apostrophe), to uncover the most figurative language used in the poems, and the most figurative language that affected by sufism in the poems. The study employed the qualitative and descriptive research. The data was collected by using several steps; reading, underlining, coding, rereading, and tabulation. The materials were nine selected poems by Jalaluddin Rumi. It is showed that 18 appearances of metaphor, 40 personification, 14 simile, and 29 apostrophe. While the figurative that affected by sufism 18 appearances of metaphor, 1 personification, 9 simile, and 18 apostrophe. All together, there were 101 figurative language in the poems and 46 figurative languages were affected by sufism. Finally, the result of this study showed metaphor, personification, simile, and apostrophe appeared in the poems, the most figurative language used was personification, and the most figurative language that affected by sufism were metaphor and apostrophe.


The H∞ filtering problem of switched non-linear systems with polytopic uncertainties is addressed in this paper. A novel filter with state impulsive jump is proposed to ensure the stability of error system and guarantee a prescribed noise attenuation level in the H∞ sense by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and determining an impulsive jump relation for filter state at switching instant. The LMIs are derived via a Lyapunov function approach and the impulsive jump relation is deduced by both Lyapunov functions and the switching surface. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Existing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are not designed to deal with any specific types of systems. The purpose of this work is to investigate the possibility of Grid-focused IDS. The main stress is put on feature selection and performance of the system. An existing framework, IDSNet, is used as a basis for considerations and development. An algorithm based on Self-Organizing Map has been selected for pattern discovery in traffic analysis. No Grid environment was available for testing, therefore no real-life experiments could have been performed, and main focus was shifted to system performance and away from feature selection. It is shown that the performance of the system greatly depends on the efficiency of the underlying framework. A number of optimizations are shown that improve the algorithm's performance by 2 orders of magnitude.


In this paper, an augmented reality-based perceptual feedback method of dexterous prosthesis has been proposed, which can establish an intuitive and convenient feedback pathway and reduce the use load of prosthetic hands. The proprioception and force feedback strategy was proposed and established based on augmented reality technology. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the above strategies are verified by experiments. First, the feasibility of the proprioception feedback strategy is tested, and then the force feedback strategy is tested. The experimental results show that the proposed method establishes an effective perceptual feedback closed-loop control, improving patients' cognition of the prosthesis, including force, grasping gestures and other information, and improving users' perception ability.


Nowadays, there is a growing interest for the use and development of materials synthesized from renewable sources in the polymer composites manufacturing industry; this applies for both matrix and reinforcement components. In the present investigation, a basalt fibre reinforced (BFR) bio-based epoxy system together with a cork core is proposed for its use in composite sandwich structures. Mechanical characterization of tensile and flexural properties was carried out. In addition, permeability measurements of the fiber reinforcement were performed. A case study, namely the fabrication of a longboard using the hand lay-up technique was carried out. A detailed description of the manufacturing process is presented along with finite element simulations of the mechanical response of the final piece.


The incomplete duplication of the ureter, also known as bifid anatomic variations of the urinary system, and it affects 1% to 2% of the world population. The present study aims to report a case of incomplete duplication of the ureter. During a practice of dissection at the Laboratóri Medical School Morfofunctional Laboratory), the presence of an incomplete duplication of the ureter has been observed. Two distinct ureteric ducts were found in the renal hilum of the left kidne merged in the distal third of the abdominal portion of the ureter. This piece of information is important because it complements the scientific knowledge of health professionals and provides support for clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment.


A computationally feasible method for the full information maximum likelihood estimation of models with rational expectations is described in this paper. The stochastic simulation of such models is also described. The methods discussed in this paper should open the way for many more tests of the rational expectations hypothesis within macroeconometric models.


Abstract Reading proficiency is an important predictor of academic achievement in higher education and cannot be left to random accomplishment. As a lack of reading skills may contribute to the termination of studies, reading development programs should be high on the priority list of scaffolding processes aimed at first-year students. The purpose of this paper was to determine the effect of the LectorSA reading program on the reading performance levels of 120 first-year B.Sc. students in the Access Program. The quantitative research design comprised a quasi-experimental method with a pretest, posttest non-equivalent control group design. Results indicated that first-year students read at distressingly low levels, but eight sessions on the reading intervention program significantly contributed to the improvement of the students' reading performance. Including a reading development program in the scaffolding processes of first-year students may contribute to academic literacy development, which includes reading ability.


The cleanup of soils contaminated with organics by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide can be influenced decisively by additional substances or entrainers. In mostcases,the contaminated soil already contains water as a substance that can alter the extractibility of these contaminants. In particular, the effects of soil moisture, as a kind of discontinuous addition of water, on the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil with supercritical carbon dioxide were examined. On the other hand, a continuous addition of water by humidifying the supercritical carbon dioxide was used. Both continuous and discontinuous addition of water elevates the extraction yield remarkably by altering the adsorption phenomena for spiked silt as well as for soil samples from a former gas plant site. Furthermore, two different purity grades of carbon dioxide were used to work outthe influence of impurities in the technical carbon dioxide serving as entrainers. The improvement of the extraction yield by moisture indicates additionally that the extraction is limited by adsorption and not by diffusion effects. Otherwise, the water must decrease the extraction rate because of the formation of an additional phase. However, the contaminant is better accessible and transported faster out of the soil with water.


High-resolution imaging through strongly scattering media is a long-standing challenge with broad applications including biomedical imaging, remote sensing, navigation and so on. In the past decade, several techniques have been proposed to solve this problem. Among these techniques, speckle-correlation-based method can non-invasively extract the spectral amplitude of imaging target from captured scrambled image by conducting autocorrelation and Fourier transform operations. The imaging target can be reconstructed by iterative phase retrieval, while the imaging resolution is restricted by the low-pass property of scattering imaging system. Disproportionality of different frequency components of extracted imaging target spectral amplitude blurs the reconstruction results. In this paper, we propose the spectrum correlation approach to correct the proportional relations among low and medium frequency components of extracted imaging target spectral amplitude. By modeling the propagation of scattering wavefront and calculating the autocorrelation expectation of point spread function (PSF) at different depths, statistical spectral amplitude distribution of PSF is generated to be the weighting factor for imaging target spectrum correction. Nonlinear translation of speckle pattern spectrum expectation is introduced for error reduction in high-frequency components of extracted imaging target spectral amplitude. Finally, corrected spectral amplitude is utilized as the input of phase-retrieval algorithm for imaging target reconstruction. Simulated experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. After the spectrum correction of extracted spectral amplitude, imaging resolution of speckle-correlation-based scattering imaging system is improved, which can be applied to reconstruct target with smaller size or located deeper in the scattering media.


This study examined the causal attributions made by aggressive and nonaggressive individuals—as classified by a conditional reasoning measure of aggression—in response to incidents of subordinate success and failure. Following the presentation of traditional patterns of performance information (i.e., consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency), participants (N = 407) made attributions regarding the cause of the subordinate's behavior and indicated their preferred behavioral intentions. Overall, when evaluating incidents of subordinate success, the causal attributions of aggressive individuals were similar to those of nonaggressive individuals. However, when evaluating incidents of subordinate failure, the causal attributions of aggressive individuals deviated from those of nonaggressive individuals for three information patterns. Moreover, following a person attribution, aggressive individuals were more likely to endorse punitive responses to incidents of subordinate failure. Implications, potential limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.


The current scenario of the industries is that the major losses in efficiency of a machine are due to vibration and friction. To reduce the detrimental effects of vibration we need to decrease the frequency and amplitude of vibration or completely eliminate vibration. To do that one must quantify vibration that already occurs in machinery and structural components. Which is the aim of this paper. The intention of the paper is to obtain and characterize the vibration signature of equipment used in a company and composite material. We have designed a setup to vibrational properties composites, vibrational signature of industrial equipment .To study vibration properties, micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) based accelerometers are used to measure acceleration of the material about the datum when displaced. The data obtained is processed in MATLAB using ARDUINO relayed to computer to convert the data to frequency spectra using Fast-Fourier transforms (FFT). We ultimately compared the vibrational properties of two lathes used at a metal fabrication plant operating at different Conditions and quantified the vibration results using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) algorithm. The vibration signatures of a composite is studied along with which various properties like Damping Coefficient, Free Vibration, GFRP, Natural Frequency applications are studied.


Many scholars starts the study of the works by Luxun often with macroscopic point,yet this paper,taking the opposite way,seeks the hidden relation between the brothers' estrangement and Luxun's creation with the individual life experiences as the coefficient to be consulted and followed so as to see through Luxun's inner world full of contradiction and struggles in this period.This paper provides a new thinking space for readers to read the works by Luxun.


This article discusses the value of the Academy Awards and awards received by filmmakers at film festivals, as well as other advantages of participating in them. It does so by taking into consideration several aspects of film awards: their effect on the monetary profit made by the winning films, their effect on the construction of the film canon and the 'cinematic map' of the world. It also examines factors conducive to receiving awards, such as successful marketing campaigns and tackling certain topics, as well as considers the argument that film awards have lost some of their value in recent years. The article is based on secondary research about Oscars and film festivals, a large part of which is based on journalistic sources, reflecting the Ewa Mazierska fact that much of the data is new and hence has not yet been properly digested by the academic community.


Abstract The taxonomically strongly isolated monotypic genus Jubulopsis Schust. [type: J. novaezelandiae (Hodgs. & S. Am.) Schust.] forms a unique element in the Jungermanniales. It has been assigned to Jubula Dumort and to Neohattoria Kamimura, and has been stated to be allied to Frullania Dumort. - all genera of Jubulaceae (Porellineae). Discovery of the sporophytes conclusively shows the genus belongs to the Lepidolaenineae Schust. The coelocaule of Jubulopsis; the lack of a perianth and calyptra; the 4-lobed underleaves; the peculiar beaked capsule with a 3–4-layered wall; the free elaters; the massive haustorium — all preclude placing the genus in Jubulaceae. Although the numerous, minute, homogeneous oil-bodies and the coelocaule suggest a position in the Lepidolaenaceae, Jubulopsis is shown to differ from Lepidolaenaceae in lacking watersacs of all stem underleaves; in the non-incised water-sacs; the massive haustorium; the I-spiral elaters; and the Frullania-like thickenings of epidermal sporangiu...


: The field of machine learning is broad, covering many different areas and applications. The identification of aerodynamic flow features is one such possible application. Training a machine learning model to classify aerodynamic flow features opens a field of potential applications such as automated data extraction, onboard solution assessment, and volume solution physics comparisons. In this study, Convolutional Neural Network-based ML systems are built to recognize vortical structures and simple flow separation patterns. The system then is deployed to automatically identify & extract such features from 3D flowfields such as rotorcraft wakes. The ML-physics identification system leverages a combination of supervised CNN-learning and non-supervised clustering algorithms. The ML-physics identification methodology is demonstrated for vortex property extraction from high-complex wake physics of hovering rotor blades. A central theme of the ML-inference of physics is the ease and speed with which the automated ML methodology facilitates physics inference from large-scale computed solutions and hence accelerates the process of physics discovery. Potential extensions of the ML-physics inference capability include ML-enabled verification & validation that includes physics comparisons, extraction of high-fidelity physics constructs such as vortical elements and separation patterns to feed to surrogate models, and automated sanity checks to ensure correct end-use of CFD software.


Objective To observe the management and outcome of the cardiac tamponade patients during the ablation procedure using two different anticoagulation strategies. Methods All the patients developed tamponade during the ablation procedure were enrolled from January 2007 to December 2013 in our center. In group 1, warfarin was discontinued 3 to 5 days before the procedure and low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) was administered subcutaneously until ablation procedure day. In group 2, warfarin was not discontinued and the international normalized ratio INR was to maintained between 2 and 3. Results There were 27 patients(0.6%) developed cardiac tamponade out of a total 4487 patients received ablation in our center. The baseline clinical characteristics including age, left atrium, the heparin dose and ACT during the procedure had no signifi cant difference between the groups, except that the INR was higher in the group 2(0.9±0.1 vs. 2.3±0.5, P0.001). There was no signifi cant difference in the amount of pericardiac drainage between the two groups(365±222 ml vs. 506±300 ml, P=0.137). Two patients in group 1 patient(11.1%) and 1 in group 2(11.1%) needed emergency surgical repair(P0.999). The median hospital day was similar in the 2 groups [(9.6±3.3) d vs.(12.1±4.5) d, P=0.167]. There were no other serious complications and no hospital death. Conclusions Non-discontinuation of warfarin during peri-procedural catheter ablation of AF is not signifi cantly different to bridging with LMWH in the management and outcome of acute cardiac tamponade.


Dual tracer scintigraphy has become the procedure of choice for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. The typical protocol used by most laboratories is to initially perform a Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) study with early and delayed (2–3 hours) washout phase images. This is followed by a thyroid-specific Tc-99m pertechnetate study. A potential pitfall exists if the delayed phase of the initial MIBI study shows an intense, abnormal focus of retention. This focus may interfere with interpretation of the subsequent pertechnetate study because of a "shine through" effect. To differentiate a parathyroid adenoma from a thyroid adenoma, it may be necessary to repeat the thyroid-specific pertechnetate scan on a separate day after the dual tracer study.


Inspection error has been blamed for a number of engine failures in civil aviation, such as the one at Pensacola in July 1998. One of the inspection techniques most used in engine inspection is the borescope, a tool that allows remote viewing and thus obviates the need to disassemble the engine for routine inspections. This report provides an analysis of the tasks of borescope inspection in human factors terms to derive effective interventions aimed at improving inspection reliability. This report closely follows an earlier work on Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection (FPI) in that it uses detailed task analyses to discover potential human / system mismatches that could lead to error. As in the earlier report (Drury, 1999)1, the main technique is Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), where the whole job of borescope inspection is broken into successively smaller components, so that existing knowledge of human factors in inspection can be applied logically. At each of two visits to engine inspection facilities the HTA model of Borescope Inspection was further developed, and both good and poor human factors practices noted. The HTA had seven major tasks: 1. Initiate inspection 2. Access inspection task 3. Initiate engine rotation 4. Search for indications 5. Decision on indications 6. Respond on inspection 7. Return borescope to storage


Objective: To examine the awareness and perceptions of local government staff about the social determinants of health (SDoH) and health inequity and use of these ideas to shape policy and practice.


The basic method of AC voltage endurance test at site is described for large - capacity transformer and SF6 circuit breaker. The principle and method of adopting parallel reactor or series resonance device are indicated in case that the test transformer voltage and capacity at site can not satisfy the requirements. The feasibility is proofed by example test.


Some years ago, Craig Jenkins and Bert Klandermans (1995, p. 3) stated that "Surprisingly little attention has been paid to the interaction between social movements and the state." If that statement was at all valid then, it certainly is no longer valid now. The last half-decade has seen an enormous outpouring of work on the mutual influences between social movements and the state, ranging over such topics as framing protest issues (Gamson and Meyer 1996), repression (Kurzman 1996; Rasler 1996), movement outcomes (Dalton 1995; Misztal and Jenkins 1995), and, most commonly, political opportunity structures (Kriesi 1995; McAdam, McCarthy, and Zald 1996; Tarrow 1996). Nonetheless, there has been a persistent tendency to see this interaction as distinct from normal institutionalized politics occurring through voting, lobbying, political parties, legislatures, courts, and elected leaders. As Jenkins and Klandermans state this distinction: "[S]ocial movements … constitute a potential rival to the political representation system" (1995, p. 5). This separation of movement politics from institutionalized politics was concretized in Charles Tilly's (1978) enormously influential schema presenting social movements as "challengers" seeking to enter the institutionalized world of "polity members" who have routinized access to the levers of power. It was strongly reinforced by William Gamson's (1990) depiction of social movements as "outsider" groups whose challenges succeed, in one sense, as such groups become recognized actors in institutional politics. As Mary Fainsod Katzenstein (1998, p. 195) expressed this view: "Students of social movements commonly associate institutionalization with demobilization.… Social movements … are necessarily extrainstitutional."


The NiCoCrAlYTa coatings were prepared on Ni-base single crystal super-alloy by low pressure plasma spraying(LPPS).Oxidation resistance and oxidation mechanisms of the coatings at 900 ℃ were studied.The result shows that three different power parameters coating conformed to different dynamical curve.Three coatings were completely oxidation resistance and oxidation rate were 0.01 g/m2.h,0.01 g/m2.h and 0.0026 g/m2.h,respectively.After 175 hours at 900 ℃,θ-Al2O3 protective oxide scale were formed on the surface of the NiCoCrAlYTa coatings.The XRD analysis results indicated that the coatings were degraded.


Palladium-promoted yttrium and lanthanum oxides are capable of stabilizing considerable amounts of paramagnetic Pd + and Pd + ions in the bulk and on the surface. Although all surface palladium ions are coordinatively saturated, they are highly labile in redox processes


Human trafficking consists of a sequence of smaller events taking place over a large span of time and perhaps even over multiple borders. Perpetrators of the crime take people away from their homes and their origins, either through coercion or threat of force, and instead place them in frightful environments where their survival and human dignity is constantly at risk. Legal measures to fight human trafficking target these sequences of criminal acts in order to apprehend the perpetrators. However, such measures only adress half of the issue. On the other end of the crime we find its victims, people who for one reason or another end up in such desperate circumstances that they can be exploited for human trafficking. For any strategy against human trafficking to be successful it needs to consider not only the crime itself, but also the implications for the victims. Measures to fight human trafficking must also include measures that target the underlying vulnerabilities that can be exploited. This thesis will depict and discuss these assisting measures in further detail, specifically in Sweden. It will divide the crime of human trafficking into its three base elements of actions, means and purpose and examine both their historical context and their contemporary definitions. By doing so, the thesis will depict how the public perception of human trafficking has developed and how it affects its victims. It will show which considerations have been made when drafting assisting measures, which problems have been recognised and how the assistance will aim towards resolving them. For this thesis I have chosen to focus on the victims migratory status in particular. Those victims of human trafficking that are forced to cross borders as a part of the crime find themselves in a particularly vulnerable position, as fear of deportation makes continued exploitation possible. I will argue that in order for any assistance of the victim to work effectively, the measures must consider this vulnerability and how it in turn can lead to further exploitation. (Less)


1.1. The aim of this paper is the construction of a demonstrably consistent system of set theory that (1) contains roughly the same amount of mathematics as the writer's system K′ [3], including a theory of continuous functions of real numbers, and (2) provides a way for expressing in the object language various propositions which, in the case of K′, could be expressed only in the metalanguage, for example, general propositions about all real numbers. It was not originally intended that the desired system should be a modal logic, but the modal character of the system appears to be a natural outgrowth of the way it is constructed. A detailed treatment of the natural, rational, and real numbers is left for a subsequent paper.


A structure and method are provided to compensate for temperature changes on wavelength shifting in DWDM by reducing tension in a fused-fiber DWDM when temperature increases and increasing tension when temperature decreases, thereby stabilizing wavelength shifts throughout the range of operating temperatures. The DWDM, which is enclosed by a protective package in some embodiments, is connected to substrates of different thermal expansion coefficients, such that the fused-fiber portion of the DWDM exhibits negative thermal expansion, i.e. contracts when temperature increases and expands when temperature decreases. As a result, temperature-induced wavelength shifts are minimized due to a passive thermal compensation, which can be easily adjusted. In other embodiments, twisting the fused-fiber portion of the DWDM to obtain optimum phase matching minimizes the polarization-dependent losses in the incoming light.


Objectives This research amid to elucidate the disease stage-specific spatial patterns and the probable sequences of gray matter (GM) deterioration as well as the causal relationship among structural network components in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (HBV-RC) patients. Methods Totally 30 HBV-RC patients and 38 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for this study. High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) were evaluated in all participants. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM), structural covariance network (SCN), and causal SCN (CaSCN) were applied to identify the disease stage-specific GM abnormalities in morphology and network, as well as their causal relationship. Results Compared to HC (0.443 ± 0.073 cm3), the thalamus swelled significantly in the no minimal hepatic encephalopathy (NMHE) stage (0.607 ± 0.154 cm3, p <0.05, corrected) and further progressed and expanded to the bilateral basal ganglia, the cortices, and the cerebellum in the MHE stage (p < 0.05, corrected). Furthermore, the thalamus swelling had a causal effect on other parts of cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus circuits (p < 0.05, corrected), which was negatively correlated with cognitive performance (r = −0.422, p < 0.05). Moreover, the thalamus-related SCN also displayed progressive deterioration as the disease advanced in HBV-RC patients (p < 0.05, corrected). Conclusion Progressive deterioration of GM morphology and SCN exists in HBV-RC patients during advanced disease, displaying thalamus-related causal effects. These findings indicate that bilateral thalamus morphology as well as the thalamus-related network may serve as an in vivo biomarker for monitoring the progression of the disease in HBV-RC patients.


By examining the official discourse of the Cuban Revolution in the 1980s, this chapter paints a more complex picture of the decade than has commonly been portrayed in the literature. Far from being a time in which the Revolution was subsumed by its adherence to the Soviet model, the tracing of the relative absence or presence of guerrillerismo demonstrates that the 1980s was a decade of shifting ideological currents, a decade in which the use of a guerrilla rhetoric served different functions at different points. This chapter argues that one such function in the late 1980s (as well as in other decades), was to undermine the proliferation of a "siege mentality."


Contribution: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of millions of people, but it has most affected the lives of healthcare workers and their families. In our communication, we draw attention to some factors that affected nurses in their care of Covid-positive patients. Objective: The aim of the thesis was to describe the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the work of nurses; especially on their health and how the pandemic affected the personal lives of nurses and their families. Methodology: The set was making up of general nurses who worked in the hospital's Covid wards. Quantitative method, questionnaire technique was using. Results, discussion: We found that nurses are worry about their health, but consider it part of their profession. Most of the participants do not feel any changes in their health, only some report headaches, sleep problems, exhaustion and fatigue. Nurses are afraid of transmitting the infection to their loved ones, and the nurses' families are concerned about their health. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic affected the personal life of the nurses, mainly due to the fear of transmitting the infection to their family and neglecting domestic activities due to overtime and fatigue. The work of nurses deserves recognition, not only in times of crisis. However, the impact of the pandemic on the lives of health professionals will only become apparent with time.


Previous versions of this document and up to version 2.5 were generated during MyOcean, MyOcean2 and MyOceanFO EU-projects. Starting in CMEMS, several updates have been performed but not officially released. Version 3.1 is the first official release within CMEMS with focus on chlorophyll-a fluorescence. The present Version 6 is the method used for the production of CMEMS INSITU_GLO_BGC_REP_OBSERVATIONS_013_046 release for the V4 of CMEMS in 2018. This document presents quality assessment tools that can be applied as soon as data are delivered to the CMEMS production units, as well as reprocessing tools. The latter requires a certain knowledge about the type and structure of the data in order to build the control quality test. In addition, a set of tools have been developed for the evaluation of the tests themselves and are likely to be applied on monthly and history repositories only. These evaluation tools are not expected to be implemented at production unit (PU) level, but applied by experts and scientists. The resulting analysis should confirm or provide an upgrade of the quality control tests implemented at PU level.


Background: The social strain with increasing incidence of Interstitial lung disease [ILD] has manifested in recent times. Environmental pollution with toxic fumes and inorganic dust lead to alveolitis, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Organic dusts exposure results in hypersensitivity pneumonitis while radiation and certain drugs like amiodarone, anti-cancer drugs can lead to ILD. It has become imperative that ILD be detected at an early state so that progression of the disease can be interrupted early and patient leads a longer productive life. Early diagnosis in patients with persistent dyspnoea, unexplained fatigue and stress related respiratory distress with High resolution computed tomography [HRCT] aids in providing appropriate therapy and follow up. Results: The mean age group of study population of 46 cases was 58 years. Interlobular thickening and peribronchial fibrosis were additional features on HRCT suggestive of ILD seen in significant number of cases which was not detected by chest X ray. The sensitivity of chest X ray making radiological diagnosis of ILD was 78.26% while sensitivity by HRCT was 100% provided that all the cases included in this study was supported by clinical diagnosis of ILD as there were no lung biopsy taken in the study population to make a definitive diagnosis of the same. Conclusion: HRCT can avoid tormenting procedure of open lung biopsy in diagnosing many cases of ILD. Even with equivocal results, HRCT can guide surgeon for lung biopsy site and aid diagnosis of ILD. HRCT in the present era, is indispensable for the diagnosis, prognosis and management and follow up of the cases of interstitial lung disease Study Design: Hospital based prospective & analytical study. Introduction Interstitial lung disease [ILD], which comprises chronic non-malignant, non-infectious diseases of lower respiratory tract characterized by inflammation and derangement of alveolar walls, include more than 200 separate diseases of known and unknown causes. The causes of ILD have increased manifold during recent times. The recent increase in number of www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 79.54 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i12.96


The methods recently applied for inactivation of food pathogens on the surface of fruits and vegetables are not always efficient, human and ecologically friendly. In this context photosensitization might serve as really promising antibacterial tool. Decontamination of the surface of strawberry from inoculated pathogen Listeria monocytogenes ATCL3C 7644 by photosensitization diminishes the population of this pathogen by 98 %. It is important to note that even yeasts and microfungi are susceptible to photosensitization and their population was reduced by 86 %. High decontamination rate (97 %) was reached for naturally surface-distributed mesophylic bacteria. The following evaluation of shelf-life of treated strawberries in comparison with control ones indicate 40 % prolongation. The examination of nutritional quality of treated strawberries reveals that total antioxidant activity in treated strawberries increases by 33 %. No significant changes of colour in treated berries were detected. Certain photosensitization treatment algorithm is particularly interesting in the respect that it does not involve any thermal effects and does not produce toxic or volatile compounds.


The core of this article is a substantial part of an interview conducted by J. Nekvapil with F. Danes on September 21, 1988. The aim of the interview was to gain information for a profile of Danes on the occasion of his 70th birthday, which was later published in Philologica Pragensia (Nekvapil 1989). Unlike other published interviews given by Danes in later years, this one is characterized by a relatively high degree of spontaneity, thus presenting a less stylized view of the development of Czech linguistics and the Prague School, as well as of the life of Danes himself. Prior to the interview transcript, several essential factors which constitute the interview are given: the participants, goal, surroundings, key, communicative medium and sequential progression. Attention is also devoted to the way in which the interview is presented in this article, including the genrerelated pressures on its presentation. The epilogue adds information about the activities of F. Danes after the intervew, i.e. after 1988, and some intertextual and interdiscursive connections. The publication of this text stands to commemorate this significant linguist, who died on March 18, 2015.


Methanol poisoning is well known to occur in humans but does not develop in common laboratory animals such as the rat. Rodents display neither metabolic acidosis nor ocular toxicity after methanol treatment, findings that commonly result in humans and that have recently been described in the monkey. Since methanol administration in the monkey leads to marked accumulation of formic acid and metabolic acidosis, experiments were devised to reduce formate metabolism in the rat and thereby study whether methanol administration would lead to the accumulation of formic acid and acidosis in that species. Several methods were employed to induce a state of folate deficiency in the rat, a prerequisite to producing a decrease in formate oxidation to CO2 in that species. Rats placed on a folate‐deficient diet for 10–12 wk showed a marked decrease in formate oxidation and a marked sensitivity to methanol poisoning, as evidenced by high blood formate levels and marked decreases in blood pH. Treatment of rats with methot...


This paper describes a formal method for checking the equivalence between two descriptions of the target system, one before and the other after scheduling. The descriptions are represented as finite state machines with data paths (FSMD). The basic principle is to show that any computation of one FSMD is covered by a computation on the other, a computation being characterized by a concatenation of paths in the FSMD. These notions are formalized in the paper. The method is strong enough to accommodate merging of the segments in the original behaviour by the typical scheduler such as DLS, a feature common in scheduling. The method also works for limited arithmetic transformations. Although the proposed method is found to have a non-polynomial worst case complexity, many non-trivial examples encounter a low polynomial order of complexity. The technique is illustrated with an example.


The paper presents measurements which allow to separately measure the near-field contributions from the tip shaft, and those of the tip apex for THz imaging and spectroscopy. In addition, for the first time, spectroscopically resolved THz measurements of a TO-phonon of a crystal (CsI) having sub-wavelength dimensions is shown. Measurements show that it is possible to measure and identify crystals of dimensions much smaller than the THz wavelength. This may find applications in the screening of substances of which only a single (crystalline) grain is available.


The neutral hydrogen in the Andromeda Nebula (M31) was investigated with the Nancay transit telescope. The purpose of the survey was to study the neutral hydrogen distribution and dynamics, and correlations between the gas and the main optical features.of the galaxy. The resolution was 4' in right ascension, 25' in declination, and 12.7 km s/sup -1/ in velocity. At the distance of Mal, 4' corresponds to 800 pc, about the width of the spiral arms of the nebula as outlined by the H II regions. This paper presente the characteristics of the antenna pattern and the results of the survey in the form of maps of the H I distribution at constant velocities. (auth)


A medical Doppler ultrasound system has a spectrum display that indicates the blood flow direction, whether the blood flows forward or away from a probe. It also has Doppler audio outputs. In particular, the latter is a special process peculiar to the Doppler ultrasound system and separates the blood flow direction and outputs from the left and right speakers. Owing to this function, the existence of a blood flow is quickly detectable. When changing conventional analog signal-processing into digital signal-processing, we researched many processing systems of Doppler audio. First, target performances, such as a response time and direction separation, were set up, and six kinds of digital signal-processing systems were examined. Further, we investigated some new anti-aliasing processing systems unique to Doppler ultrasound system. We compared three kinds of anti-aliasing processing systems. Consequently, we clarified that a complex IIR (infinite impulse response) filter system has an excellent response and a low calculation load.


The paper is concerned with loss estimation analysis of flat-slab structures, a reinforced concrete structural form that exhibits behavior and response patterns distinct from conventional moment frames. The fragility information obtained for flat-slab structures presented in a companion paper is implemented into HAZUS, the loss assessment software of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The latter program includes many existing structural types, but does not deal with flat-slab structures. For implementation purposes, the fragility curves should be in a format consistent with fragilities already available in HAZUS. The latter objective is achieved by making use of the response statistics and employing the capacity spectrum method. After implementation, the earthquake losses in flat-slab buildings are predicted in comparison with the existing structural types in HAZUS by using different scenario earthquakes for a selected study region. The prediction results are consistent with the seismic response characteristics of the compared structural types.


"Exterior pipe shell" mechanics models and deducting calculate formula of half experience and half theory which has upper precision is provided.The formulas considers the difference of crack width of concrete's shelter,and the calculation example is given in this paper.


The nutritional quality and potential use of apple bagasse (BM) in diets for ruminants when silage (microsilos) with two nitrogenous sources (FN) [urea (U), sow (C)], a commercial inoculant (I) was evaluated and Chloris gayana as moisture adherent [80/20 w/w, dry matter (MS)]. The study was conducted in Aguascalientes, Mexico (2014-2016). The treatments: a) BM; b) BM+I; c) BM+U; d) BM+U+I; e) BM+C and f) BM+C+I were analyzed in a completely randomized design (DCA) with factorial arrangement [3 FN (U, C, without FN) × 2 I (with I, without I)]. At 45, the MS of silage was similar between treatments, and lactic and acetic acids increased in greater proportion to propionic and butyric acids. The addition of C (BM+C and BM+C+I) increased the final crude protein (PC) (increments of 8 and 7.44 g 100 g-1 MS) although the pH increased (4.33 and 3.91 vs. 3.41 ±0.03) of the ensilage. Considering the content of PC and fermentation standards, the BM silage with C has the stability and sufficient quality to be used in the feeding of ruminants.


D is the prime vector borne disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries in the world. Towards its prevention and control, various measures have been undertaken by the public health managers. Among measures revealed so far, entomological surveillance is the priority as there is no specific medicine available for dengue. Present study unfolds many observations made from several outbreaks of dengue in the province Tamil Nadu, India from 2012 in which the attributes of entomological indices, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index (BI) have been highlighted. To find out the possibilities of the presence of Aedes larvae in human dwelling rapidly based on Premises Condition Index (PCI) factors and the scores of variables in PCI, namely cleanliness of house, yard and degree of shadow have been analyzed in which we arrived that the probability of presence of positive premises was four times higher in the premises with 75% shadow compared with premises with a 25% shadow. These findings showed a significant association (p<0.001) with positive premises. The significance of Aedes indices was studied in an outbreak of dengue at Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu, in which it was learnt that 1.6% of HI from 48.2% HI at the 15th day of intervention halted the outbreak. In another outbreak, it was proposed to understand the significance of Aedes indices have been taken for the evaluation of dengue control in Rajapalayam municipality of Tamil Nadu, India. From this study it was learnt that stratification or delimitation is the foremost step to prioritize like high, moderate and low magnitude based on criteria prevailed in a place of outbreak to implement appropriate interventions, the incubation of dengue serovars in human (3-14 days) is related to determine the days required for halting the outbreak, time taken to control measures exceeded 14±1 days shown lacunae in our intervention, degrees of involvement among workers and supervisors in dengue control lead to halting the outbreak in time and also learnt that the thresholds of Aedes indices have been taken in part to stop the dengue outbreak. Amalgamating of three outbreaks occurred in Cuddalore, Nagapattinam and Tirunelveli, it was learnt that the behavior of dengue viruses through the entomological surveillance and their role in supporting epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus and ultimately to use these information to forecast dengue as well as to justify intervention measures. Since these observations have merits to prepare control strategic plan of dengue, it may have discussion in the forum.


The present invention relates to a fuel cell bipolar plate of metal, and more particularly, to a metal separator for fuel cells which improves the metal separator for reducing the polymer flooding of electrolyte fuel cell (Flooding) the structure having an auxiliary flow path. To this end, the present invention is subjected to stamping molding process with two metal films, but produce a metal separating plate, stamping of the two metal films, one of the first metal thin film and the other of the second metal thin film of the molding respectively, on the bottom surface of the first and second thin metal film at the same time that the first and second lubrication is formed in the outer first and second lubrication between it is formed on the cooling passage on the inner side, the cooling passage section the 1 and provides a fuel cell bipolar plate of metal, characterized in that second auxiliary flow path is formed. Fuel cells, the metal bipolar plate, the main channel, the secondary flow path, the stamping, the cooling passage


By using the variational adiabatic method, the energy values and the equilibrium internuclear separations of the H 2 + ion in π g state in strong magnetic fields are calculated and compared with those obtained from the adiabatic method and the Monte Carlo method and our conclusion through the Monte Carlo Method are confirmed, that is, the antibonding state π g in the absence of external magnetic field changes to a bonding state with an increasing magnetic field.


Objective:To investigate the effects of Ampelopsis Brevipedunculate Trautv of Fas antigen expression in liver tissue of mice liver injury models induced by Con A.Metheods:Liver injury models were induced by ConA in mice in vivo and treated with high,medium,low dosage Ampelopsis Brevipedunculate Trautv or Dexamethasone.Histopathological changes of the liver samples were obsrved.Results:High and medium dosage Ampelopsis Brevipedunculata Trautv alleviated the histopathological changes and decreased Fas antigen expression in liver tissue,and had no different from Dexamethasone used as control.Conclusion:Ampelopsis Brevipeduncluata Trautv restrain hepatocyte apoptosis by decreasing hepatocyte Fas antigen expression.