Lying on the continental margin of South Africa are seven major
depocentres containing variable thicknesses of Cretaceous drift
succession, which dates in age from Early Barremian to Late
Maastrichtian, or approximately from 127 to 65 million years ago
(Myr). Accumulation of these sedimentary piles was episodic, and
the succession is subdivided by major and minor unconformities.
A foraminifera-based biostratigraphy is presented for this
Cretaceous drift succession, reliant on integrated studies of 215 oil
exploration borehole sections from all seven basins, as well as
three onshore outcrop areas (Wanderfeld IV, Mzamba and Needs
Camp/Igoda), and 772 Middle Albian to Late Santonian sea-floor
samples from off the west coast of southern Africa. The biostratigraphic
and chronostratigraphic successions of each basin are
compared, and sea-level curves established where possible. It can
be seen that sedimentation patterns during the Cretaceous drift
succession were controlled almost exclusively by the relative
availability of accommodation space, caused by sea-floor subsidence,
still-stand or uplift, of different parts of the southern African
continental margin. From Early Barremian to Early Cenomanian
times (approximately 127 to 97.2 Myr) most of the basins subsided
and uplifted in unison. From Late Cenomanian to Late Maastrichtian
times (approximately 97.2 to 65 Myr) the southern African continental
mass appears to have repeatedly suffered mild east-west rolling
motions, which have resulted in distinctly different stratigraphic
successions especially on the Atlantic and Indian margins. Thus,
the Atlantic and Southern margins subsided particularly in the Early
Turonian, the Late Coniacian and the Late Santonian. In contrast,
the Indian Margin subsided particularly in the Late Cenomanian, the
Early Santonian, and the Late Campanian. The boundary between
the two regions must lie in the vicinity of East London. Each basin
fill is sufficiently dissimilar from the others for these successions to
have accumulated purely as a response to the tectonic regime at
any given time. Except possibly for the Early Turonian Horizon '11'
shelf-wide forced regressive sandstone episode, no recognized
events are sufficiently consistent across the seven basins for them
to be attributable to global sea-level rises or falls. The global
sea-level change record in the seven basins must thus be represented
by relatively minor base-level changes that are entirely
concealed behind the tectonically driven movements controlling
the stratigraphic record described here.


A number of reports from Australia and abroad, detailing the results of surveys of heterosexuals' sexual practice, have indicated that most heterosexuals are not changing their sexual behavior despite the present context of a global HIV/AIDS pandemic, and despite there being a reasonably accurate knowledge of HIV transmission among survey respondents. However, it does appear that safe sex messages are getting through to and bringing about the gradual adoption of risk reduction behavior among young university students. Findings are reported from surveys of 18-19-year-old male and female students at Macquarie and Sydney Universities during 1987-90. 55 and 66 students were surveyed in 1987 and 1989, respectively, at the University of Sydney, while 700, 564, and 709 students were surveyed in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively, at Macquarie University. 45-55% of students had experienced oral/genital sex, 45-60% vaginal intercourse, and 4-7% anal sex. The students generally know that kissing and masturbation are safe sex practices, and they also appear to accept that condom use decreases the risk of exposure to HIV. The most dangerous sex practices were judged to be unprotected intercourse with regular and casual partners, but especially with casual partners, and withdrawal and oral/genital sex with casual partners. When compared with older students, these 18-19 year old students were significantly more likely to use condoms in vaginal intercourse with both regular and casual partners.


The central administration of apelin, a recently identified adipokine, has been shown to affect food and water intake. The present study investigated whether body weight could affect an animal's response to apelin. The effects of centrally‐administered apelin‐13 on food and water intake, activity and metabolic rate were investigated in adult male diet‐induced obese (DIO) rats fed either a high fat (32%) or control diet. Rats were administered i.c.v. apelin‐13, 15–30 min prior to lights out, and food and water intake, activity and metabolic rate were assessed. Intracerebroventricular administration of apelin‐13 decreased food and water intake and respiratory exchange ratio in DIO rats on the control diet, but had no effect in DIO rats on the high‐fat diet. In an effort to identify potential central mechanisms explaining the observed physiological responses, the mRNA level of the apelin receptor, APJ, was examined in the hypothalamus. A high‐fat diet induced an up‐regulation of the expression of the receptor. Apelin induced a down‐regulation of the receptor, but only in the DIO animals on the high‐fat diet. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a diminished central nervous system response to apelin that is coincident with obesity.


tion concerns how the use of self-sacrifice over time alters public receptivity to it. Fierke notes that contemporary "suicide bombing" has become so routine that it no longer attracts attention, and for this reason proposes to examine historical cases in which the social dynamics of selfsacrifice are more evident. But this rationale only highlights the need to determine whether repeated use of self-sacrifice induces something akin to compassion fatigue, and to understand how even seemingly "primal" (p. ) responses to the suffering body can be shaped by rival narrativizations seeking to discredit the self-sacrificial act. Another question concerns the relationship between self-sacrifice and the sacrifices made by soldiers on behalf of the state. Fierke notes that while "the latter is defending that which has already been attained . . . the former is attempting to reclaim that which has been lost" (p. ). It seems striking, however, that self-sacrifice has become a potent political practice during the same historical period when states have faced, through media coverage, pressure to remove soldiers from harm's way. Did the wars of the twentieth century, by sensitizing publics to human suffering, lay the groundwork for moral concern over individual acts of self-sacrifice? Or did the latter simply become more visible as state-sanctioned sacrifice has declined, or as communications technologies have exceeded state control? Political Self-Sacrifice will speak to a wide range of scholars interested in normative contestation in international affairs. It demonstrates how acts of and on the human body—often assumed to be either morally dubious or politically inconsequential—can inspire the claims of a political community and potentially spark realignments at the systemic level. Fierke reminds us that seemingly small acts can have big effects.


???Skills for innovation??? is a topic that is moving centre stage, with the widening recognition ??? at both business and policy levels ??? that the competitiveness of Europe is linked intimately to (a) the region???s innovation performance, and (b) the continuous development and renewal of the skills and competences of its citizens. There is also growing awareness of emerging ???skills gaps??? associated with transformations in Europe???s economic, competitive and technological landscape. Many enterprises lack staff with appropriate forms and levels of skills in sufficient numbers, and this affects their productivity growth and ability to compete via innovating. In the face of growing disquiet about Europe???s lagging behind the US and Japan in terms of innovation - despite concerted efforts to reverse the trend - important questions are raised. Just what skills and competences are required to improve the innovation performance of European enterprises both in general terms and vis-??-vis their most technologically advanced competitors?This study is an exploration of the literature, presented in the form of a ???question and response??? guide. While it cannot provide a definitive answer to all of the key questions, it provides an insightful overview of relevant contributions to contemporary (and evolving) skills and innovation debates.A core conclusion of the ministudy is that serious answers to important questions are still in the making. While there is a burgeoning literature in both the skills and innovation domains, little work has systematically connected these two themes. Further, the ministudy finds that the definition of skills and competences is far from uniform across European Community members. This presents serious difficulties for both rigorous analysis of (innovation) skills gaps and shortages and for the development of policy solutions withbroad applicability. The report is an attempt to open up discussion about a highly important set of questions, and hopefully will stimulate further and more detailed exploration of the link between skills and innovation and European performance and competitiveness


Nickel-cobalt sulfides (NixCoyS4) are promising supercapacitor materials for their high capacitance, while the sluggish kinetics in terms of charge transfer limits their power density. To achieve both high energy and power density for the NixCoyS4 - based supercapacitor, sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is incorporated into NixCoyS4 by an in situ growth – ion exchange strategy to synthesize NixCoyS4/rGO composites. Profited from the synergetic effect between rGO and NixCoyS4, the Ni1.64Co2.40S4/rGO electrode delivers high specific capacitance of 1089 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, and remains 92.6% of its capacitance at 20 A g-1 (1008 F g-1). Asymmetric supercapacitors assembled with active carbon (AC) and Ni1.64Co2.40S4/rGO (Ni1.64Co2.40S4/rGO // AC) offer both high specific capacitance (265.5 F g-1 at 1 A g-1) and superior rate capability at 50 A g-1 (recovering 63.6% of the capacitance determined at 1 A g-1). In addition, the assembled device exhibits a high capacitance retention of 92.6% after 10000 cycles at 10 A g-1, which implies an excellent cyclic stability. Ragone plot reveals that the energy density of Ni1.64Co2.40S4/rGO //AC asymmetric supercapacitor do not vanish as it delivers 30.4 Wh kg-1 at 10 kW kg-1, demonstrating its promising application.


The social action of spiritual legacy of the Beijing Olympic Games needs some functions.Based on Parsons' AGIL model,those functions are that social powers adapt to resources of spiritual legacy of Beijing Olympic Games (A),goals for spiritual legacy of the Beijing Olympic Games can attain (G),social action has system control and emotional cohesion (I),and social bodies can maintain the action (L).At the same time,spiritual legacy of the Beijing Olympic Games needs material culture carriers and non-material culture carriers,which can change spiritual legacy to specific material facilities,people civilization behavior and managing effective policy.At levels of social practice,developing spiritual legacy of the Beijing Olympic Games needs to use the important ways of sport,education,culture and media.It is the supporting for harmonious society from the interaction coupling of material culture carriers and non-material culture carriers.


We report a polysilicon active area membrane field effect transistor (PSAFET) pressure sensor for low stress deflection of membrane. The PSAFET was produced in conventional FET semiconductor fabrication and backside wet etching. The PSAFET located at the front side measured pressure change using 300 nm thin-nitride membrane when a membrane was slightly strained by the small deflection of membrane shape from backside with any physical force. The PSAFET showed high sensitivity around threshold voltage, because threshold voltage variation was composed of fractional function form in sensitivity equation of current variation. When gate voltage was biased close to threshold voltage, a fractional function form had infinite value at V tn , which increased the current variation of sensitivity. Threshold voltage effect was dominant right after the PSAFET was turned on. Narrow transistor channel established by small current flow was choked because electron could barely cross drain-source electrodes. When gate voltage was far from threshold voltage, threshold voltage effect converged to zero in fractional form of threshold voltage variations and drain current change was mostly determined by mobility changes. As the PSAFET fabrication was compatible with a polysilicon FET in CMOS fabrication, it could be adapted in low pressure sensor and bio molecular sensor.


The method of copyright, although neglected in the past, is a method to consider for legal protection of commercial computer software and programs. Copyright is particularly directed to written text, and it is therefore applicable to the text form or listing of computer programs and software, and to all derivatives thereof. When the simple formal requirements for copyright have been met, it immediately provides claim to exclusive rights in the published text. Unauthorized copying, translation, performance, or making derivative versions, of a copyrighted text then constitutes a copyright infringement with legal penalties. Included among the things protectable by copyright are: computer programs, documentation and diagrams, the meticulous details of a debugged program, program translation such as from FORTRAN to ALGOL, compiling of programs, running a program, software systems and their command languages, languages and their compilers, and the microprogramming required for a computer to mimic a defined instructional set. Copyright may be more statable than patent or trade secret for commercial protection of most typical programs and software Copymght of computer software may speed the achievement of program portability, and standardization of software systems. Utilization of, and acceptance of, copyright protection in the industry is expected to increase as computer professionals learn of its features and advantages.


ABSTRACT Serum anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), present in 70% of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), can be detected ≤10years before the onset of clinical disease. RA and periodontitis are epidemiologically associated and we have reported a high incidence of periodontitis in people who are ACPA+ and at risk of RA. Periodontal bacteria may contribute by multiple routes to the generation of RA-autoantibodies. This study aims to characterise the subgingival microbiomes from periodontitis and health in individuals with/without RA and at risk of RA. Forty-five ACPA+ no RA (RA-at-risk; RAR), 31 healthy controls (HC) and 30 ACPA+ RA patients (RA) underwent a periodontal examination. DNA from subgingival plaque from healthy and deep pocket sites were paired-end sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq3000 and data analysed using MG-RAST + DESeq. Metagenomes in RA samples had high proportions of Actinobacteria; RAR microbiomes contained higher proportions of Bacteroidetes than HC. The relative abundance of P. gingivalis was high in periodontitis and RAR; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was detected with similar frequency in each group. Other bacteria implicated in periodontitis and/or autoantibody generation (Filifactor alocis, Prevotella spp, Leptotrichia spp.) were detected. Analyses are on-going to elucidate the diversity and functional potential of the subgingival microbiome associated with RA.


Myofascial trigger points (TP), are manifestation of a regional pain disorder and are very common, particularly in trapezius. In severe cases myofascial TPs can cause disability. However, early recognition and treatment may prevent progression to chronic pains. This study investigated the effect of treatment on myofascial TPs using objective measurements such as EMG fatigue parameters (fatigue rate, RMS and mean power frequency (MPF) behaviors plus endurance time) and subjective measurements such as pain levels of patients and the perceived disability. Subjects were 9 patients with myofascial TPs in upper trapezius and 9 healthy subjects. The patients were tested once before treatment and 3 intervals after the first treatment; the last test session occurred when treatment was completed. EMG signals were recorded simultaneously by surface electrodes from the upper trapezius and middle deltoid muscles in two different test positions until the subjective fatigue limit. Results showed significant improvement after treatment; however the treated afflicted muscle still had a different fatigue pattern compared to that of normal muscles.


This study investigated the effects that three mediation techniques--rewarding negotiator concessions, rewarding negotiator agreements, and suggesting a point of agreement-have upon negotiator conc...


In a presentation at the January 1987 Eastern Section Meeting of the Triological Society, the usefulness of intraoperative monitoring with electrocochleography and brain-stem evoked auditory potential was retrospectively examined in a review of 72 patients who underwent removal of unilateral tumor of the internal auditory canal and cerebellar pontine angle with attempts to preserve the cochlear nerve by Joseph B. Nadol, MD, and colleagues, of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston. Preoperative and postoperative hearing levels were compared, as well as tumor size and status of intraoperative wave forms using evoked potentials. Facial nerve status was examined via electroneurography, and anatomic preservation of the facial nerve was recorded intraoperatively. These parameters were examined individually and in combination in an attempt to arrive at a method to aid in predicting the success of hearing preservation procedures in acoustic neuroma surgery. Hearing improvement was defined as a greater than 15% increase


In most concretes, aggregates are more or less chemically inert. However, some aggregates react with the alkali hydroxides in concrete, causing expansion and cracking over a period of many years. This alkali-aggregate reaction has two forms: alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR). ASR is the most common form of alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete; the other, much less common, form is alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR). If the aggregate is shown to be potentially reactive by the tests, some mitigation measure must be used to control the expansion and cracking. Alkali-silica reaction can be controlled using certain supplementary cementitious materials.


AbstractThe cross-wavelet transform (XWT) is a powerful tool for testing the proposed connections between two time series. Because of XWT's skeletal structure, which is based on the wavelet transform, it is suitable for the analysis of nonstationary periodic signals. Recent work has shown that the power spectrum based on the wavelet transform can produce a deviation, which can be corrected by choosing a proper rectification scale. In this study, it is shown that the standard application of the XWT can also lead to a biased result. A corrected version of the standard XWT was constructed using the scale of each series as normalizing factors. This correction was first tested with an artificial example involving two series built from combinations of two harmonic series with different amplitudes and frequencies. The standard XWT applied to this example produces a biased result, whereas the correct result is obtained with the use of the proposed normalization. This analysis was then applied to a real geophysica...


The frequency of synchronous or metachronous multiple primary carcinomas in patients with endometrial carcinoma has been reported to be between 10% and 23% and is highest among all gynecologic carcinomas. However, clinical characteristics and underlying genetic abnormalities in endometrial carcinoma with multiple primary carcinomas has not been well clarified. Endometrial carcinoma is the most commonly associated extracolonic malignancy in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma in which germ line mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, particularly in MSH2 and MLH1, are known to cause this syndrome. The purpose of the current study was to investigate clinicopathologic and familial characteristics including MSH2, MLH1, and p53 expression in endometrial carcinoma with multiple primary carcinomas, by comparing them to endometrial carcinoma without other primary malignancies.


India is a society in transition. On the one hand we have a thriving economy and modernization and on the other an uneasy debate raging on sex education for young people - "Should a 15 year old Indian student be permitted to look at anatomical drawings that illustrate how an adolescents body develops into an adult form?" In 2007 a number of state governments passed orders banning an adolescent education programme designed for 15-17 years in all state-run schools. It was devised by the National Education Ministry and the government body responsible for combating the spread of HIV/AIDS - the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO). The immediate provocation was a manual for teachers that allegedly featured offensive illustrations and classroom exercises. Information in the curriculum on contraception and sexually transmitted diseases also provoked anger. One by one the states of Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Karnataka Rajasthan Kerala Chhattisgarh and Goa - some of the largest Indian states - declared that the course content was unacceptable and banned the programme. Unfortunately the subject became a political flashpoint. (excerpt)


Many-body physics is one very well suited field for testing quantum algorithms and for finding working heuristics on present quantum computers. We have investigated the non-equilibrium dynamics of one- and two-electron systems, which are coupled to an environment that introduces decoherence and dissipation. In our approach, the electronic system is represented in the framework of a two-site Hubbard model while the environment is modelled by a spin bath. In order to simulate the non-equilibrium population probabilities of the different states on the quantum computer we have encoded the electronic states and environmental degrees of freedom into qubits and ancilla qubits (bath), respectively. The total evolution time was divided into short time intervals, during which the system evolves. After each of these time steps, the system interacts with ancilla qubits representing the bath in thermal equilibrium. We have specifically studied spin baths leading to both, unital and non-unital dynamics of the electronic system and have found that electron correlations clearly enhance the electron transfer rates in the latter case. For short time periods, the simulation on the quantum computer is found to be in good qualitative agreement with the exact results. We also show that slight improvements are already possible with various error mitigation techniques while even significant improvements can be achieved by using the recently implemented single-qubit reset operations. Our method can be well extended to simulate electronic systems in correlated spin baths as well as in bosonic and fermionic baths.


The paper is based on SOPC (system on a programmable chip )technology, aimed at developing a set of online and off-line analysis system applied to digital television transport stream, with only one programmable logic device, external memories and relational interfaces, combined with software programming. The main board of code stream analysis system uses FPGA hardware logic and embedded software core, while analysis software on PC develops the function of main board. The system mixes the advantages of hardware's high-speed collection and software's flexible control. It has goods points with high speed, reliability, real time as perfect quality and low price, and so on.


With the rapid development of Computer Network Technology,digital multimedia such as: images,audio,video and text files in the application of human life more and more extensive.Because digital media is not only easy to spread in the network will likely be illegally copied,altered.Over the last 10 years,in order to protect digital multimedia,digital watermarking technology developed slowly.This paper focuses on the concept of digital watermarking,features,as well as basic principles of the multi-media and digital watermarking the protective effect of current state and prospects of development in areas such as in-depth studying and discussion.


Feasibility of new approach of laser fusion has been proposed and is discussed by an intense laser without implosion in plasma. The cross section of nuclear reaction is increased by the enhanced penetrability of nuclei through natural Coulomb barrier. In this approach, intense laser field more than 100 PW was required to distort the Coulomb barrier to obtain enough penetrability. Energy gain even with Deuterium-Deuterium reaction can be obtained using this scheme in Deuterium plasma. Reactor with neutron and direct conversion of charged particle beam individually is proposed. Charged particles from d-d reaction are guided at the end of reactor and directly converted by a MHD scheme into electric energy. The energy recover rate is so high and required smaller laser energy, which may make this energy cost cheaper than that of a fission reactor.


Since the 1960s until now, the meaning and scope of multiculturalism continues to be debated as a concept. In general, multiculturalism refers to the recognition of diversity and differences that live in equality in a harmonious and dignified manner. Discourse on the concept of multiculturalism with various counter concepts such as multi-ethnic, multi-religious, intercultural etc. closely related to the socio-cultural state of the community. In reviewing this question historiography perspective. In the perspective of multiculturalism historiography and social inclusion in Indonesia is inseparable from the influence of the internal dichotomy and the past burden, which is the legacy of colonialism in Indonesia.


Abstract In this moment of ecological crisis, the consequences of crisis are unevenly distributed, with those with the least power impacted the most. The fashion industry's growth, spurred in the past decades by fast fashion and a reliance on growth of petroleum-based fibers, is a contributor to this uneven distribution of ecological consequences. This paper explores fashion and ecology as interconnected transnational systems. It does this with reference to two contexts: the UK and the Gulf state of Bahrain. By exploring positions on environmentalism in the UK and Bahrain, questions around fibers, clothing care and waste, this paper underscores the political urgency and the relational effects of change that span nation states within the fashion sector. Decarbonizing the fashion system requires both localized action and methodologies in addition to political will to work between and across such themes. Transnational perspectives are central to cumulative whole-systems effects.


Tropical timber for building materials in the Andean Group countries of South America , Tropical timber for building materials in the Andean Group countries of South America , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


Taking Langya Mountain hydropower station for an example,the thermal state similarity model test of the dome in generator floor is discussed.Based on similarity theory and similarity number of heat Archimedes,the similarity scales of experimental model are established.Based on the different vents numbers,air temperature,velocity,ways of ventilation and exhaust ways,the change of velocity and temperature field distribution in generator floor are analyzed.The results show that the air flow distribution is uniform when the air-conditioning cold is supplied and the fans for the ventilation are working;the wind velocity meets requirements and the temperature is effectively reduced.


Timely detection and high positioning accurate of leakage signals are the guarantee to the safe transport of heating pipeline, which can reduce economic losses and improve heating quality. In order to detect leaks timely and accurately, this paper presents a method that multi-scale correlation algorithm of wavelet to analyze the singular values by monitoring infrasonic signal. Combining the improved high-frequency coefficient domain algorithm of wavelet with multi-scale cross-correlation algorithm, the method deals with signals by cross-correlation analysis layer by layer based on the multi-scale of wavelet. By weighting in the frequency domain and whitening the signals, the signal to noise ratio can be improved and singular values may be detected accurately. Experimental results show that the algorithm has a better effect of positioning and improve the positioning accuracy of leak detection of pipeline. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.


Astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences. It is well known that the period covering about seven centuries, from Aryabhata to Bhaskaracharya II (c. 476-1150), was the golden age of Indian astronomy. In the present study, we identify research trends and the growth of knowledge in the field of astronomy science research. The study is an essential tool to measure the scientific publications in the field. This study analyses the publications of astronomy research in India published during 1991-1995 and 2011-2015. The study assesses how astronomy progresses in India and its impact is reflected in the science citation index over the period 1991-1995 and 2011-2015. The publication output has been analyzed using quantitative and qualitative indicators, such as progress in research article publishing, change in authorship patterns, citation patterns during 1991-1995 and 2011-2015, articles that received the most citations, and international collaboration with other countries. Further, the study investigated highly prolific authors and highly preferred journals. The author is from one of the FORSA institutes, therefore the study includes a separate ranking for FORSA institutes in term of output as well citations.


This paper proves that Keynes' positive relation between consumption and income is only a statistical observation. No economic theory can support it. Treating superficial observation as theory is cargo-cult practice. This paper then suggests references for drawing correct conclusion about consumption and income.


Strong winds and ultraviolet (UV) radiation from O-type stars disrupt and ionize their molecular core birthplaces sweeping up material into parsec size shells. Owing to dissociation by starlight, the thinnest shells are expected to host low molecular abundances; thus, little star-formation. Here we enlarge previous observations taken with the IRAM 30m telescope and present square-degree 12CO and 13CO (J=2-1) maps of the wind-driven "Veil bubble" that surrounds the Trapezium cluster and its natal Orion molecular core (OMC). Although widespread and extended CO emission is largely absent from the Veil, we show that several CO "globules" exist embedded in the [CII]158um-bright shell that confines the bubble. This includes the first detection of quiescent CO at negative LSR velocities in Orion. Given the harsh UV irradiation conditions in this translucent material, the detection of CO globules is surprising. These globules are small: R_cl=7,100 AU, not massive: M_cl=0.3 M_sun, and moderately dense: n_H=4x10^4 cm^-3 (median values). They are confined by the shell's external pressure, P_ext/k ~ 10^7 cm^-3 K, and are likely magnetically supported. They are either transient objects formed by instabilities or have detached from pre-existing molecular structures, sculpted by the passing shock associated with the expanding shell and by UV radiation from the Trapezium. Some represent the first stages in the formation of small pillars, others of isolated small globules. Although their masses do not suggest they will form stars, one globule matches the position of a known young stellar object. The lack of extended CO in the "Veil shell" demonstrates that feedback from massive stars expels, agitates, and reprocesses most of the disrupted molecular cloud gas; thus, limiting the star-formation rate in the region. The presence of globules is a result of this feedback.


The aim of this master's thesis is to examine how fiction authors seek information in their writing, which still is a vastly under-researched subject within Library and Information Science. Why then are there so few of us in this discipline who ask themselves which information behaviour and information needs that exist among the ones writing the literature filling our libraries? This study was carried out by using a qualitative method where six informants were interviewed in semi-structured and individual interviews, as well as in a group interview. To narrow down the selection of informants I have chosen to focus on five authors and one aspiring author who write for children and young adults, and who also write speculative fiction. The results indicate that all of the informants use search strategies such as quick-and-dirty, berry-picking and pearl-growing. In this master's thesis I have developed a theoretical model of when information-seeking is performed in the writing process, in which I have concentrated on the different methods of the authors and formed the following three categories: pre-construction where the information-seeking occurs before writing, back-and-forth where fiction writing and research alternate, and re-construction where the information-seeking takes place after a writing session. The interviewed authors use multiple sources such as literature or homepages, interviews and also visit locations. All informants use information channels such as the internet, and visit libraries more often than museums or archives. The more experienced authors interview both experts and professionals, while the new authors and the aspiring author don't do this. When the authors still were aspiring authors they experienced barriers if they felt the need to consult experts or professionals. Barriers in the shape of lack of information, or information with insufficient credibility are easily overcome by fabling freely, since all of the informants write speculative fiction. Research when constructing fantastical elements is largely about looking at how other fiction authors have done in their novels, together with what exists in folklore and mythology. (Less)


Giaccotto et al. [2007. Journal of Finance 62, 411-445] provide a simple model for pricing the cancellation and the purchase options typically embedded in automobile lease contracts, assuming constant interest rates. They show that the cancellation option is worthless because of a penalty applied if the lease is terminated before maturity. We extend their results by developing a model with stochastic interest rates, and show that the cancellation option has a significant value also in presence of the penalty. We provide sufficient conditions to make the cancellation option worthless in our more general framework.


We hypothesized that severity of human non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) infection was a marker of 0–30 and 31–365-d mortality. All patients with first-time detection of NTS in stool specimens in North Jutland County, Denmark, 1995–2003, were categorized into 4 groups. Group 1 was not hospitalized in relation to their NTS infection, group 2 was hospitalized without sampling of blood cultures, group 3 was hospitalized with blood cultures obtained in which pathogenic micro-organisms were not detected, and group 4 had blood culture-proven bacteraemia. Among 1764 NTS patients, 2 of 1082 (0.2%) in group 1, 14 of 344 (4.1%) in group 2, 20 of 248 (8.1%) in group 3, and 19 of 90 (21.1%) in group 4 died within 365 d. Using group 2 as reference, age and comorbidity adjusted 0–30-d mortality rate ratios (MRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) could not be computed for group 1 (no deaths), while they were 1.8 (0.6–5.5) for group 3 and 1.4 (0.4–4.9) for group 4. For the 31–365-d period, MRR (95% CI) were 0.16 (0.03–0.8), 1.6 (0.7–3.7), and 2.5 (1.1–5.8), respectively, for the 3 groups. Severity of NTS infection was an age- and comorbidity-independent short- and long-term prognostic marker of mortality.


Purpose Needle biopsy of the prostate is guided by Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) imaging. The TRUS images do not provide proper spatial localization of malignant tissues. Therefore, preacquired Magnetic Resonance (MR) image information with improved soft tissue contrasts are displayed on the TRUS images by registration. This paper presents a novel method of deformable registration method applied to prostate multimodal images. Methods The registration method involves b-spline deformations [1] with Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) as similarity measure. Unlike NMI being computed from raw intensity images, texture images obtained from the amplitude responses [2] of 4 directional log-Gabor quadrature filter pairs [3, 4, 5] are used. Results Registration accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated by computing the Dice Similarity coefficient (DSC) values for 15 patient datasets and Target Registration Error (TRE) for 9 patients only where homologous structures are visible in both the TRUS and transformed MR images. The proposed method shows significant improvement in TRE when compared to b-spline using NMI computed from intensities with p = 0.01 and average and standard deviations of TRE values


Enzymatically active human cytochrome P450 1A2 was expressed in Escherichia coli utilizing the pCWori+ vector containing a modified cDNA. The coding sequence for the NH2‐terminal region of the protein was modified by the alignment and substitution of a 27 bp segment from a modified bovine P450 17A1 cDNA onto the 5′ end of the open reading frame of P450 1A2 at amino acid 21. The expressed chimeric P450 was produced at a high level in a functionally intact form, as assayed by the formation in vivo of the 449 nm absorbance band of the CO complex of the reduced hemoprotein. E. coli membrane preparations were shown to contain P450 1A2, which was active in the 2‐hydroxylation of estradiol, and the O‐deethylation of 7‐ethoxycoumarin and 7‐ethoxyresorufin, when reconstituted with recombinant rat liver NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase.—Fisher, C. W.; Caudle, D. L.; Martin‐Wixtrom, C.; Quattrochi, L. C.; Tukey, R. H.; Waterman, M. R.; Estabrook, R. W. High‐level expression of functional human cytochrome P450 1A2 in Escherichia coli. FASEB J. 6: 759‐764; 1992.


Introduction Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is a goal oriented and patient centered specialty which focuses on functional restoration and quality of life of persons with disability. The patterns of injuries among survivors of recent disasters have, range from mild (single limb fracture) to catastrophic (spinal cord injury, amputation, traumatic brain injury). Historically physiatrists have not participated the acute disaster management phase or in the emergent post disaster rehabilitation planning. This task is usually relegated to the trauma, orthopedic and general surgeons. Methodology Authors had firsthand experience in the acute and emergent care and rehabilitation of trauma patients after Pakistan, China and Haiti earthquakes. An electronic literature search (English, 1965–2010, Key words: trauma, rehabilitation, disability, spinal cord injury, amputation, disaster, nerve injury) was carried out. Experience sharing through committees, online forum, and communications were conducted with physiatry colleagues internationally. Results In these three recent earthquakes, Physiatrists provided direct patient care, including guidance in the evacuation of survivors with pre-existing disabilities, transport of persons with spinal trauma, treatment of wounds, fractures, pain, spinal trauma patients and persons with amputations. Physiatrists devised appropriate plans for conservative management of fractures. Education of local staff and coordination of rehabilitation was initiated. Monitoring, prevention and treatment of secondary complications including prolonged immobility, pressure ulcers, chronic pain, urinary, bowel and respiratory dysfunction was performed. Physiatrists helped in patient counseling and family education. Conclusion Physiatrists by virtue of their training and skills are in a better position to manage the disabilities, including direction of rehabilitation and community integration, prevention of complications, and education and training of health workers and teams. Timely rehabilitation interventions for Spinal cord injuries and lower limb amputations following the Pakistan, China and Haiti earthquakes resulted in reduction in morbidity and mortality among those with catastrophic injuries.


The study reveals the essence of stability operations in the field of security on the example of localization of a non-international armed conflict and justifies the role and place of the National Guard of Ukraine in such operations as opposed to other components of the security and defense forces. The author considers the status, purpose, role, place of various power structures and agencies that can provide capabilities to participate in stability operations in the field of security. A correct understanding of the role and place of the Guard in such operations will allow governing authorities at various levels to properly use the security capabilities of the National Guard of Ukraine, avoid duplicating functions and performing uncharacteristic tasks by defense forces. It is concluded that the use of the Guard in stability operations in the field of security should be consistent with its structure, authority, and purpose as a military formation with law enforcement functions, namely, to respond to large-scale crisis situations within the country that threaten the state security of Ukraine and require massive use of security forces. The National Guard of Ukraine should play a leading role in stability operations in the field of security in the context of a non-international armed conflict (state of emergency): it should form the basis of an interagency grouping of security forces and ensure command and control of such a grouping. Stability operations in the field of security related to the localization of a non-international armed conflict should be carried out under the legal regime of the state of emergency, and the Main Directorate of the National Guard of Ukraine should lead the military command in the state of emergency. If the security forces are unable to stabilize the situation, and the threat of internationalization of the conflict and/or an external military threat, martial law will need to be introduced (in this case those will be the stability operations in the field of defense). The results obtained in this study can be used in practice to plan the use of the National Guard of Ukraine in stability actions (operations) of the various kinds.


CITATION: Jordaan, I., et al. 2007. Burnout and its correlates in South African clinical and counselling psychologists. Acta Academica, 39(1):176-201.


French Laicite and the Popularity of the Pacs: The relationship between the Catholic religion and heterosexual Civil Unions in France Ashley Gaylene Trupp Mattson Department of French and Italian


The time variation of astroclimate conditions in China was analyzed in terms of cloud cover,air temperature,wind speed,water vapor pressure,and precipitation.The databases from ground meteorological stations over China were employed with the yearly and monthly data sets for the period of 1951-2008.According to the climate regionalization for astronomical observations,21 stations were selected based on their advantages for astronomical observations,the locations nearby existing/candidate observatories,or the climatologically representative of local regions.The long-term trend,annual and diurnal variability of the relevant meteorological factors were summarized and compared for the 21 local regions,providing ground-truth evidence for selecting and further evaluating an astronomical site.This study serves as a further demonstration towards astroclimate regionalization,and provides with essential database for astronomical site survey in China.


In somatic cells, microRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the genomes of RNA viruses and influence their translation and replication. In London and Berlin samples represented in GISAID database, we traced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) lineages and divided these sequenced in two groups, "Ancestral variants" and "Omicrons," and analyzed them through the prism of the tissue‐specific binding between host miRNAs and viral messenger RNAs. We demonstrate a significant number of miRNA‐binding sites in the NSP4 region of the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome, with evidence of evolutionary pressure within this region exerted by human intestinal miRNAs. Notably, in infected cells, NSP4 promotes the formation of double‐membrane vesicles, which serve as the scaffolds for replication‐transcriptional complexes and protect viral RNA from intracellular destruction. In 3 years of selection, the loss of many miRNA‐binding sites in general and those within the NSP4 in particular has shaped the SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes. With that, the descendants of the BA.2 variants were promoted as dominant strains, which define current momentum of the pandemics.


The influence of minor and nonhost vegetation on bean, Phaseolus vulgarts L., host plant acceptance by the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), was studied, with emphasis on the influence of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Cage environments in the laboratory and greenhouse were used to observe leafhopper movement and arrestment and to evaluate performance criteria, including feeding and oviposition. The presence of tomato vegetation suppressed total excreta production (an index of feeding) by 43%. Reduced excreta production was a result of considerable residence time on tomato. In oviposition choice tests, only 28% of the eggs were laid on bean in proximity to tomato. No-choice tests gave similarly significant results. Cabbage also reduced oviposition when in proximity to bean. In choice tests, only 32% of the eggs were laid on bean in proximity to cabbage. There were no differences in the average length of time on bean during each arrestment bout in treatment cages containing a combination of bean and companion plant leaves versus the control containing only bean leaves. When evaluating leafhopper movement frequency from surface to surface (i.e., the two leaves and cage surfaces), no significant difference was found when comparing the bean control with the bean and tomato treatment. It is suggested that tomato plants can directly reduce the interaction between bean plants and leafhopper through an extensive "nonproductive" residency time on tomato plants. The importance of evaluating insect and plant interactions based on multiple criteria is discussed.


Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has been always a major public health concern not only because of its impact on patients´ health but also on their quality of life as well the socioeconomic burden of a chronic disease [1] leading to million dollars expenses on treatment and thousands of lost working hours. Once associated to elderly patients, usually smokers or former smokers, nowadays the pattern of COPD patients has changed dramatically with a significant increase of younger,non-smoking patients [2] . The cause behind such a drastic change on the clinical pattern is modern life exposure to air pollutants [3] , especially on big urban centres where air quality is undoubtedly compromised [4] leading to the early COPD developing among smoking and no-smoking patients as well. On the other hand, increased exposition to air pollutants is raising not only the COPD patients burden but also its associated complications as lower respiratory tract infections. [1] HURD, Suzanne. The impact of COPD on lung health worldwide: epidemiology and incidence.  Chest Journal , 2000, vol. 117, no 2_suppl, p. 1S-4S. [2] DE MARCO, Roberto, et al. Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cohort of young adults according to the presence of chronic cough and phlegm.  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine , 2007, vol. 175, no 1, p. 32-39. [3] SCHIKOWSKI, Tamara, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in women.  Respiratory research , 2005, vol. 6, no 1, p. 152. [4] SUNYER, J. Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review.  European Respiratory Journal , 2001, vol. 17, no 5, p. 1024-1033.


INTRODUCTION
Dieulafoy's lesion of the small bowel is an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding that often recurs after endoscopic treatment.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
we report an observational, descriptive, retrospective, single-center study in 15 patients with small bowel bleeding who were diagnosed with a Dieulafoy's lesion by capsule endoscopy or double-balloon enteroscopy.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
all patients underwent combined endoscopic treatment. During a median follow-up of 33.5 months (range, 2-145), three of the 12 cases that stayed in follow-up (25 %) recurred, all within 48 hours after treatment. Two were successfully re-treated with a repeat endoscopic procedure.


The present study was aimed to investigate the causes that drive the cannibalism of the teleost fish, Trichiurus lepturus, in the coastal area of southeastern Brazil (21-22°S) whereas the feeding behaviour was recorded through analyzing of the stomach contents. In this area, the population density of this predator fish is high, but there are many food resources available. Therefore, the highest cannibalism rate couldn't be expected. However, conspecifics intake is nutritionally more advantageous for the predator compared with other prey species, once they provide high protein content and caloric value. In this sense, the quality of food resources drives the cannibalism of this species locally.


��� n his study of nineteenth-century southwestern Pennsylvania, historian Scott Martin describes leisure as "a contested cultural space, in which ideas about ethnicity, class, and gender were articulated and developed." 1 Studies of outdoor recreation, a specific type of leisure taking place in natural settings, are valuable to historians of Pennsylvania for what they reveal about the ways groups chose to spend their free time and the implications for the state's environmental, social, and political history. While outdoor recreation of various forms has always been a salient feature of life, the acceleration of industrialization and economic growth during the second half of the nineteenth century brought many Americans increased time and disposable income to spend on pursing various forms of recreation. As we know, this trend has continued through the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to the point where outdoor recreation drives a multibillion-dollar industry that annually services more than 159 million recreationists. 2 In Pennsylvania, forms of outdoor recreation vary widely, from walking along a trail through Gifford Pinchot State Park and plunging a raft through the Youghiogheny River's whitewater I


1Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Chest Disease, Girne University School of Medicine, Kyrenia, Cyprus 3Department of Chest Disease, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey 4Department of Chest Disease, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey 5Department of Chest Disease, Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey 6Adult Allergy Unit, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey 7Department of Sports Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 8Department of Nutrition and Diet, Ankara University School of Medical Sciences, Ankara, Turkey 9Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey


The result of field experiment with 4 leaf straight-up type maize hybrids,3 planting models (50 cm distance between rows,6-angle shape,67 cm distance between rows),3 densites (60 000 plants/ha,75 000 plants/ha,90 000 plants/ha) indicated:The first main factor which affect maize yield potential developing is density;The second is distance between rows;The third is variety under this experimental conditions;The yield of maize hybrids is increasing as density increasing,the maize nutrient area is decreasing as density increasing.


In this paper, we present a study of short range radar for through-the-wall detection and tracking of human beings. New concepts envisaged here are based on an ultra wide band (UWB) waveform and on the use of numerous separated antennas. A full wave 2D simulator using the FDTD method has been performed in order to deliver synthetic data for studying signal processing algorithms. These algorithms, although well known in some other contexts, are here applied to UWB TTW imaging and detection and some quasi real time formulations are proposed. Results are presented on a test configuration computed by the simulator. (4 pages)


Given that product life follows lognormal distribution,fatigue life scatter factor method (LSF) is applied to evaluating the reliability of product with 1 or 2 samples.Two formulas for calculating LSF are introduced.The value of LSF has influence on product reliability and the product life standard error (LSE) is one of main factors that determine LSF.A method for calculating LSE based on maximum entropy principle and fuzzy synthesis analysis is proposed and an example is given to illustrate how to use it.


Experimental results on the growth and velocity of droplets (up to 0.45 mm/s) during the temperature-induced phase separation of the 3-methoxypropionitrile/water solvent system as well as a variety of theoretical methods used to study the demixing dynamics are presented. Due to computational costs, the simulation with Molecular Dynamics (MD) is feasible only for very short times (ps) and miniscule boxes (A). Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD), where a coarse-grained model of the system is employed, allows nanosecond simulations in a box with more than 13 million atoms in a diffusion-dominated regime. Finally, the influence of the diffusion/convection ratio during the separation in the μs scale is studied by use of a code based on Model H for both instantaneous and non-instantaneous quenching cases. Structural information and macroscopic parameters, such as interfacial tension, can be derived from the molecular simulations.


The number of possible applications for nanoparticles has strongly increased in the last decade. For many applications, nanoparticles with different surface and bulk properties are necessary. A popular surface modification technique is coating the particle surface with a nanometer thick layer. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is known as a reliable method for depositing ultrathin and conformal coatings. In this article, agitation or fluidization of the particles is necessary for performing ALD on (nano)particles. The principles of gas fluidization of particles will be outlined, and a classification of the gas fluidization behavior of particles based on their size and density will be given. Following different reactor concepts that have been designed to conformally coat (nano)particles with ALD will be described, and a concise overview will be presented of the work that has been performed with each of them ending with a concept reactor for performing spatial ALD on fluidized particles.


Objective  To determine characteristics, symptoms and the correlation of salivary flow rates and detection of Candida albicans in subjects with geographic tongue. Materials and methods  Analytical and experimental study in 25 and 21 subjects with and without geographic tongue, respectively. Data about characteristics, symptoms and numbers of geographic tongue were compared by descriptive analysis. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva were spitted and C. albicans were detected by Periodic-Acid-Schiff stain and culture. Analytic statistics in umpaired t test was used to compare salivary flow rates. The correlations of symptoms, salivary flow rates and detection of Candida were analyzed by chi-square test. Results  The characteristics of geographic tongue were local denude of filliform papillae in red areas with keratotic border. Twenty subjects with geographic tongue (80%) had multifocal erythemathous lesions, 14 subjects (56%) had burning sensation, taste alteration, or dry mouth. Salivary flow rates and detected C. albicans were different clinically but not significant statistically between subjects with and without geographic tongue and between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with geographic tongue. Conclusion  In this study, the characteristics of geographic tongue, salivary flow rates, and C. albicans are clinically different between subjects with and without geographic tongue, although it is not significantly different. Furthermore, correlations of symptoms, salivary flow rates, and detection of Candida in subjects with geographic tongue are not statistically significant. (CU Dent J. 2006;29:205-218) Key words: Candida albicans; geographic tongue; salivary flow rate


It is demonstrated that ion-bombardment-induced stress release during physical vapor deposition of cubic boron nitride (cBN) and amorphous carbon (aC) films is related to collisional relocation of atoms. A model based on TRIM and molecular dynamics computer simulations is presented. Experimental results obtained using pulsed substrate bias are in good agreement with the model predictions at adequately chosen threshold energies of atomic relocation. The collisional relaxation model describes the experimental data significantly better than the widely applied thermal spike model.


PURPOSE: A call inter-working apparatus and method for multimedia communication service in different kinds of network is provided to offer multimedia communication service, like audio/video phone service, without lowering tone quality or delaying time in a call between different kinds of network. CONSTITUTION: An MSC(Mobile Switching Center)(15) provided with a VLR(Visitor Location Register), processes mobile communication subscriber calls. Connected with a BSC(Base Station Controller)(16), the MSC(15) carries out the call setup and cancellation of an MS(Mobile Station)(17). The VLR temporarily stores subscriber information related to the MS(17) while the MS(17) is in a region controlled by the VLR. An HLR(Home Location Register)(21), connected to the MSC(15), manages mobile subscribers' various information. Linking with the MSC(15), the HLR(21) executes a subscriber location registration function and stores permanent information and location information for the MS(17) and the subscriber. A signal interface unit(18) interfaces a signal between an internet/intranet network and a mobile phone network. A media conversion part(22) carries out the audio and video transfer between a packet network and a PCM network based on internet.


1 Muhammad Afzaal 2 Muhammad Ilyas Chishti* 1. Associate Professor, Institute of Corpus Studies and Applications, Shanghai International Studies University, China 2. Assistant Professor, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Received: July 15, 2021 Accepted: October 15, 2021 Online: October 20, 2021 The present study hinges on the major objective of analyzing Pakistani and Indian diplomatic discourses employed in portrayal of image of China. Data comprises the official discourse which is used in diplomatic affairs of both the states. The extensive investigation seeks insights from the fundamentals of Critical Discourse Analysis propounded by van Dijk, Fairclough and Wodak with a special focus on Bhatia's (2006) work. The study reveals that the image of China has always been accorded priority within Indian and Pakistani diplomatic discourse even though nature of bilateral relations among China, India and Pakistan is based on entirely different dynamics; Indian and Pakistani diplomatic discourses are reflective of sensitivities involved within the bilateral relations. Through employment of linguistic techniques of 'positivity', 'evasion' and 'influence and power', Indian diplomats have managed not to compromise over the fundamentals in bilateral relations with China despite Pakistan's already strengthened and deep-rooted relations with China. While Pakistani diplomatic fronts have been equally successful in further deepening their already strengthened relations in the midst of surging controversies on CPEC, BRI and OBOR. Hence, diplomatic fronts of both the counties, through employment of ideologically loaded linguistic choices, leave no stone unturned in consolidation of the diplomatic relations with China.


In this paper, multiple moving cameras, which are employed to build the maps individually, are integrated to construct a complete map of the whole large environment. Since multiple cameras may capture the same scenes during performing its own SLAM, the keyframes similarity of each cameras could be evaluated to construct the relation between the map of each camera. The proposed cooperative SLAM algorithm can efficiently build the complete map and reduce the computational time. Through the experiments and analyses on several environments with different size, the amount of feature points, and the size of overlapping area between cameras, the proposed cooperative SLAM with multiple moving cameras can efficiently obtain the information of moving cameras and the environments.


Soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi cause serious losses in agricultural products. The antagonistic fungi for the control of plant diseases have increased efficiency and use of space has emerged as an alternative to other methods for the protection of agricultural products. One of the fungi used for this purpose is Trichoderma species. In this study mu-tant isolates of Trichoderma spp. were used. The resistance and pro-tease enzyme activities of mutant isolates against abiotic factors such as temperature, drought and salinity were investigated. Mutant iso-lates of Trichoderma sp. were showed differed in tolerance to differ-ent abiotic stress factors. Protease enzyme activity produced by iso-lates was influenced by the tested abiotic factors. In the medium con-taining 30% PEG, the highest protease activity was determined in Tm13 isolate. Indigenous Trichoderma strains produced proteases in high temperature, drought and saline conditions. This indicates that isolates may be promising candidates in agricultural production.


nopaline-type crown gall cells of Catharanthus roseus Don {Vinca rosea L.), which have been known to produce BL and CS.3) C. roseus crown gall cells (V208 strain) were cultured in hormone-free Murashige-Skoog liquid medium (150 ml) supplemented with 3% sucrose at 27°C, using 500-ml conical flasks.3) The cell weight reached a maximum(51 g fresh weight/flask) on the 12th day after the start of inoculation. The content of BL and CS in the cells was determined during the growth by means of GC-SIM, using [26,27-2H6]BL and [26,27-2H6]CS4) as internal standards, in which the samples were converted into bismethaneboronates (BMB)5) and the ions at m/z 332 (BL-BMB), 338 ([2H6]BL-BMB), 512 (CS-


The network of sensors that covers a region and provides information about it is a Wireless Sensor Network in its simplest form. It uses wireless links to communicate the data gathered from monitored field and environment [1]. Network of devices that can communicate gathered information from monitoring field through wireless links and process it is known as Wireless Sensor Network. Communication through wireless medium is booming in today's era. As wireless networks are very useful in remote places, it also has some serious security issues that can be harmful for entire network system. Hence security of wireless networks and so the information that it relays attracts more attention in deploying the complete infrastructure. Some of the security protocols defined for security purpose have most importance in designing security model for sensor networks.


The quality of university education is in focus recent years. It becomes not only the subject of research in areas closely related to education, but also becomes the topic of taught, writing and research interdisciplinary around the globe. Ensuring the quality of university education becomes global trend and a priority of modern society. On track of these settings our research has grown. The aim was to explore students' attitudes on quality of university teaching via its criteria, to look at elements that affect quality, and to observe differences in attitudes between students from different faculties. The results based on a sample of 173 students from five faculties show that for creating conditions to ensure and raise quality of university teaching the biggest importance have: that the faculty was student's first choice, the way contents would be presented, regular student's participation in courses, and the positive social and emotional climate.


Sudan-1 has been used for coloring food. However, recent alarms worldwide about the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of azo-compounds have led to concerns over their human consumption. In the U.K. in 2005, over 570 products were found to be contaminated with the azo dye Sudan-1 and this and the health risks associated with this dye resulted in the subsequent international ban of this additive in all foodstuff, at all levels, relating to human consumption. These incidents have also necessitated the need for high throughput low cost reliable approaches for the detection and quantification of food contaminated by such azo compounds. While there are a small number of analytical techniques that can be considered portable, many lack sensitivity. By contrast, we show that employing a portable Raman spectrometer, using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), can provide good sensitivity, such that Sudan-1 can be quantified in a complex food matrix reliably over the range of 10−3 to 10−4 mol L−1. We also de...


The authors sought to develop recommendations regarding the optimal balance of psychiatric residency training activities. University of Toronto residents completed a weeklong time-log of their daytime training activities. Staff and resident focus groups were asked to comment on the data from this survey and on the variables that affect successful introduction of new requirements into psychiatric residency. In a large multicenter training program, supervised clinical experience was found to be the most valuable training activity, especially when accurate and specific feedback is provided.


In the concentrated phenyl azide solutions in which Costantino et al. have reported apparent quantum yields for azide disappearance (φ −PhN3 ) on the order of 1000 and interpreted their results in terms of a branching-chain mechanism, the optical penetration depth is sufficiently small that the proposed chain-initiation reaction is effectively confined to a very thin layer near the front optical window. Simple calculations show that this layer is sufficiently thin that diffusive mass transfer is important on the time scale of the experiments. On the basis of the mechanism of Costantino et al., we develop and investigate a model consisting of three nonlinear integro-partial differential equations accounting for the nonuniform light absorption, photochemical kinetics, and diffusive mass transfer


In this work, a printed antenna for Wireless application is designed, which is working at 2.4/5 GHz for co-axial feeding and at 2.4/5.2 GHz for co-planer waveguide (CPW) feeding. The printed antenna uses the fractal geometry i.e. Sierpinski carpet to design the antenna. This paper discuss the design steps to achieve the desired resonance characteristics are discussed. The design is optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) using CST Microwave Studio 2008.


Nowadays, most power systems in the world are facing the threats of both cyber and physical attacks. Sometimes., they may happen simultaneously in the new form called cyber-physical attacks which combine the cyber topology attacks and the physical topology attacks. In this paper, we will discuss three main cyber-physical attacks in a typical transmission system, which are line switching attack, outage attack and state estimation attack and their simulation results. By using open-source Python tool and Pandapower, we are able to perform modelling, simulation and analysis of electrical power systems.


We have used soft x-ray magnetic diffraction at the Fe${}^{3+}$ ${L}_{2,3}$ edges to examine to what extent the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction in Ba${}_{3}$NbFe${}_{3}$Si${}_{2}$O${}_{14}$ influences its low-temperature magnetic structure. A modulated component of the moments along the $c$ axis is present, adding to the previously proposed helical magnetic configuration of coplanar moments in the $a,b$ plane. This leads to a ``helical-butterfly'' structure and suggests that both the multiaxial in-plane and the uniform out-of-plane Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya vectors are relevant. A nonzero orbital magnetic signal is also observed at the oxygen $K$ edge, which reflects the surprisingly strong hybridization between iron 3$d$ and oxygen 2$p$ states, given the nominal spherical symmetry of the Fe${}^{3+}$ half-filled shell.


Sound is an alternative name for acoustic wave which is possible to make the human sensation. This article deals with noise which is every annoying, harassing, annoying, undesirable, inappropriate or harmful sound. Noise is also defined as an audible sound which either disturbs the silence or an intentional sound listening or leads to annoyance. In this article is described some psychoacoustics parameters and also the superposition of sound by two experiments.


The study examines Indiais performance based on its publication output in immunology and microbiology during 1999-2008, based on several parameters, including the countryis annual average growth rate, global publications share and rank, institutional profile of select top 15 institutions, international collaboration profile and major collaborative partners, patterns of communication in national and international journals, and characteristics of its top 15 most productive authors. The study uses 10 years publications data in immunology and microbiology drawn from Scopus international multidisciplinary bibliographical database.


Objectives : This study aims to assess the applicability of the SWAT-C water quality model recently developed to predict in-stream Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in a watershed within South Korea.Methods : The SWAT-C model was tested in the Hwangryong River Watershed. SWAT-C is an advanced version of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate carbon cycling at the watershed scale. The model was simulated for 11 years (2010-2020) consisting of 2-year warm-up (2010-2011), 6-year calibration (2012-2017), and 3-year validation (2018-2020) periods. SWAT-C was calibrated and validated against monthly streamflow and TOC loads. The model performance was evaluated using NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency), KGE (Kling-Gupta efficiency), and PBIAS (percent bias) Simulated Dissolve Organic Carbon (DOC) and Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) loads were also presented to see the major caron type loaded to the downstream.Results and Discussion : The calibration results showed that SWAT-C could depict streamflow and TOC loads with acceptance model performances (NSE > 0.5, KGE > 0.5 and PBIAS =< 25%). Especially, the seasonal variations of TOC loads were well simulated by SWAT-C. The TOC load was predicted to increase in the summer season with high precipitation and slightly lower in the other seasons. This seasonal pattern is likely caused by frequent heavy rainfall events in summer.Conclusion : This study demonstrated that SWAT-C model is applicable in South Korea with sufficient prediction accuracy. Thus, SWAT-C would serve as an efficient tool to monitor TOC loads in South Korea.


Situation assessment is the basis of subsidiary decision-making in anti-air fight. In view of the problem in situation assessment, this paper establishes a model based on IDC of SPA and correlative analysis, and then makes an approach to the problem. The practical calculation and analysis show that the model is feasible and effective in the assessment of battlefield situation.


This paper presents the results of a research devoted to the detection of short circuits between stator laminations of electrical machine using external magnetic field. Experimental measurements lead one to display the influence of various phenomena on this magnetic field. It is shown that the surface currents due to burrs at the external surface of the machine have an important contribution compared to the increase of the eddy currents in the short circuit in the short circuit volume.


In a conventional or symmetric system, we always have ke = kd. Furthermore, there are two fixed finite sets given: P , the set of plaintexts and C, the set of ciphertexts. In most conventional systems, there is also a fixed set of keys K given, and G takes no inputs, but simply outputs a key chosen uniformly from K. Furthermore, it is often the case that P = C. For instance in Shift Cipher, or Caesar substitution on the English alphabet, we always have P = C = Z26. Moreover, a key is generated by choosing a random element from Z26.


A process for producing optical disks by bonding two superposed blanks (1, 2) with a common axis (A) and curing of the adhesive bond by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, characterized in that the radial intensity distribution of the surface of the first blank (1) incident radiation on a detected during the process parameters is controlled at least.


Abstract CHURCHILL'S life was politics. His career as an MP ran, virtually unbroken, from 1900 to 1964 – almost the first two-thirds of the twentieth century. But although Churchill lived for politics, he lived by writing. Much of his income was earned as a journalist and author. At one end of the spectrum were scores of newspaper columns assessing contemporary events and politicians, summarising the plots of great novels, or just musing for money – as in 'Have You a Hobby?' or 'Are There Men in the Moon?' At the other extreme are large books such as the biographies of his father (1906) and of his martial ancestor, the first duke of Marlborough (1933–8), and his History of the English-Speaking Peoples(1956–8). Somewhere in between are autobiographical vignettes such asThe Malakand Field Force(1898) andMy Early Life(1930). But it is for his two sets of war memoirs that Churchill the historian is most remembered – six separate volumes on World War I (1923–31) and its aftermath, six more on World War II and its origins (1948–54).


Are underperforming women given less truthful, but kinder performance feedback ("white lies") compared to equally underperforming men? We test this hypothesis by using a "benchmark" of truthful (objective) evaluation of performance and then either manipulate (Study 1) or measure (Study 2) the extent to which the feedback given to women is upwardly distorted. In Study 1, participants were asked to guess the gender of an underperforming employee who had been given more or less truthful feedback. Participants overwhelmingly assumed that employees who had been told "white lies" were women. In Study 2, in a naturalistic feedback paradigm, participants first provided a quantitative evaluation of work in the absence of any gender information. After learning the worker's gender, participants upwardly distorted their quantitative feedback and expressed more positive comments to women, but not men. The findings suggest that women may not receive the same quality of feedback as men.


The swiftly depleting conventional fossil fuel resources and increasing environmental distress has considerably popped up research curiosity in renewable energy fuel for internal combustion engines. Accordingly, in this research work, biodiesel from wild grape seed (Lannea Microcarpa) was blended with petro-diesel in a ratio of 5:95, 10:90, 15:85 and 20:80 and pure fossil diesel designated B5, B10, B15, B20 and B0 respectively. The physico chemical properties of the biodiesel/petro diesel blends were determined. The properties are specific gravity, viscosity, flash point, calorific value, sulphur content, copper strip corrosion, colour, diesel index, cetane number, and cloud point. It was observed that, 9 out of the 10 properties determined conform to ASTM standards except for the colour which was dark brown for the oil and biodiesel, and brown for the automotive gasoline oil. The specific gravity and viscosity increase with percentage increase of biodiesel in the blends. The sulphur content, calorific values, cetane number and diesel index decrease with increase in the percentage biodiesel from the blends. The colour of the samples does not conform to the ASTM standards. All the samples have the best ASTM value for copper strip corrosion and as such, they could be run in any diesel engine without any fear of corrosion tendencies. Whence, Wild Grape seed biodiesel is physically okay, chemically stable, environmentally friendly and economically viable for use in compression ignition engine as a blend to partly replace the automotive gasoline oil.


Objective To study the diagnosis and microsurgical warning events of cerebellum hemangioblastoma.Method The data of 20 cases with cerebellum hemangioblastoma which was pathologically confimed were analyzed retrospectively.Results The tumor occurred mainly in the patients aged from 20~57 years and was more seen in men than in women.The most common presenting symptoms were headache and ataxia.CT and MRI were major diagnostic modalities.Tumors located on cerebellar hemisphere 18 cases,cerebellar vermis 2 cases.Tumors were cyst in 18 cases and soli in 2 cases.The tumor node and solid tumor were completely resected in 16 cases and 4 patients underwent the subtotal removal in addition to radiotherapy.After operation,20 cases recovered well and no died.Conclusion CT and MRI can make out the diagosis of localization and the nature and classification.The classification is conductive to selecting appropriate operative method.The tumor is benign tumor and surgical operation should be recommended.Good prognosis can be achieved with the radioneurosurgery or γ-knife treatment after operation.


The present paper evaluates transcriptional score of Yiwangjik Aakbu in the 1930s by examining Suyeonjangjigok recorded respectively in transcriptional scores of Baek Woo-yong(1929), Tokyo University of Arts(1933), National Center Korean Traditional Performing Arts(1939), and the most current publication(1981). The transcriptional score of Baek Woo-yong(1929) reflects certain influence of Western music, especially in the understanding of beat and Sigimsae(ornaments) of the wind instruments. Considering the fact that it is the first transcriptional score in Korean music, Baek achieved a surprising success in details. The transcriptional score of Tokyo University of Arts(1933) is in general similar to the others in melody. However, depending on the instrument, different melodies and octaves are used in parts. Furthermore, it lacks sufficient understanding of Korean music in Sigimsea(ornarnents) of the wind instruments, the beat, and jangdan(rhythmic pattern). The transcriptional score of National Center Korean Traditional Performing Arts (1939) successfully expresses the characteristics of Korean music, similar to the present score. A minor setback is that, by omitting triplet, the total beat of measure appears irregular. Each of the transcriptional scores examined in the present study contains its own problems. However, they stem from different standards and ways of expression. Today's transcriptional score of Korean music has undergone various stages of development since 1929 to achieve its advanced form.


The increase in basal area growth 4 years after fertiliser application in 44 trial comparisons in which 200 kg N/ha had been applied to Pinus radiata D. Don was regressed against soil and environmental variables and silvicul tural treatments. Large positive responses tended to occur in stands less than 10 years old, particularly if growing on nitrogen-poor soils and if they had recently been pruned or thinned. Smaller positive responses occurred in older stands, and in stands on soils with total-nitrogen greater than 0.2%. Negative responses could occur if nitrogen was applied to stands on soils with Bray phosphorus less than 10 ppm. The period of enhanced growth due to fertiliser was previously considered to last for 4 years but it now appears that may be followed by a period during which the treated trees grow slightly more slowly than the untreated. This affects economic evaluation of the response. The normal conclusion that fertiliser is best applied close to rotation age, is somewhat modified by the fact that response decreases with age of stand. Timing therefore appears to be a matter of economic indifference.


The clinical value of fistulography and sinography is well documented (Gage and Williams, 1943; Pendergrass and Ward, 1947; Dell, 1949; Goldfarb, Monafo and McAlister, 1964). It is common practice to introduce the contrast material under fluoroscopy. Where the fistulous openings are such that even the best instruments fail to prevent regurgitation of the contrast during injection, the "overcouch" method is a satisfactory alternative. Saxton and Strickland (1964) advocate its use particularly in the investigation of sinuses which are suspected to originate from bone infection, a situation in which films with sharp definition are required. An inherent drawback of this technique is the inability to make full use of fluoroscopic control during contrast injection. A rare case of primary splenic tuberculosis is presented here to record an unusual complication which might have been avoided if fluoroscopy had been used. S.Y.P., a male Chinese patient aged 63 years, presented in June, 1968 with a chronic dischargi...


In this study, as various risk factors appear in the tourism crisis, the relationship between risk perception, attitude, and intention to switch have been investigated. According to the results of verifying the research problems presented in this study through empirical analysis. first, it was found that the risk perception of tourists affects emotional, behavioral, and negative attitudes. If only physical factors, which are the factors of risk perception, did not the only factor significantly affects attitudes, socio-psychological, terrorist, disease, and natural disaster factors were judged to have a significant effect on attitudes. Second, among the risk perception factors affecting the intention to switch, physical risk, terrorist risk, disease risk, and natural disaster risk were all found to have a positive effect on the intention to switch. Third, among the attitude factors affecting the intention to switch, behavioral attitude and negative attitude factors were found to have a positive effect on the intention to switch. According to the results of the verification, it is necessary to promote positively by highlighting the fact that tourists are safe in order to resolve the risk factors perceived by tourists. It is thought to reduce perception. And then based on these significant findings, implications, limitations and the future research directions of the study also have been discussed.


Very high turbulent dissipation rates (above «5 1024 Wk g 21) were observed in the nonlinear internal lee waves that form each tide over a sill in Knight Inlet, British Columbia. This turbulence was due to both shear instabilities and the jumplike adjustment of the wave to background flow conditions. Away from the sill, turbulent dissipation was significantly lower ( «5 1027 to «5 1028 Wk g 21). Energy removed from the barotropic tide was estimated using a pair of tide gauges; a peak of 20 MW occurred during spring tide. Approximately twothirds of the barotropic energy loss radiated away as internal waves, while the remaining one-third was lost to processes near the sill. Observed dissipation in the water column does not account for the near-sill losses, but energy lost to vortex shedding and near-bottom turbulence, though not measured, could be large enough to close the energy budget.


Abstract: Silver fir is one of the most important commercial and ecological species in Croatia, and is currently the most damaged tree species in Croatian forests. It is increasingly being infested by white mistletoe, whose irrational consumption of water and nutrients contributes to physiological weakening of the tree. Mistletoe may indicate the presence of stress factors in the site and may even cause premature death. The increment of mistletoe-infested trees is lower compared to that of non-infested trees. Hence, these trees should have a cutting priority, while their timber still retains its commercial value. Areas of mistletoe-infested fir forests are expanding; therefore, there is a high correlation between silver fir forest damage and mistletoe distribution, with an almost exponential increase in mistletoe populations. The purpose of this research was to develop an efficient and reliable method of mistletoe detection. Surveying was performed in the mountain area of beech-fir forests, using a hyperspectral scanner. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification for 5° proved to be the best classification method. The results were also confirmed by terrestrial validation, i.e. aerial surveying with a non-pilot aircraft from a height of ~30 m above the crowns. The results of this research do not differ significantly from the results obtained with standard ground methods. Limitations of standard ground methods further highlight the importance and efficiency of hyperspectral imagery in mistletoe detection. Furthermore, the first "spectral signatures" - endmembers for fir and mistletoe, were determined, and entered into a spectral library database. The results of this research are applicable primarily in the field of forest management, protection and harvesting, but they can also supply experts in other fields with a basis for explaining various observed phenomena. It outlines some of the possibilities of the application both in scientific and operative fields.


Globally, very distinct circumstances are faced by newspaper firms in different countries. While newspaper firms in developed countries are facing the downtrend, there is a sustained robust growth seen in India. This study seeks to determine if a relationship exists between Indian newspaper firms healthy performance vis-àvis various innovation strategies employed, as innovation strategies are supposed to be a positive influence in today's economy. The innovation strategies analyzed here are product innovation, marketing innovation, and societal marketing innovation. The firm's performance is measured by market and financial performance. The study outcome identifies the positive relationship between various innovation strategies and newspaper firm's market and financial performance. Additionally, the best regression model is also given for the association between innovation strategies and firm's performance. The conclusions of this study may be significant for the survival of the newsprint media market when a global slowdown is happening in newspaper firms of developed countries.


This collection of work spans Annie Leibovitz's career, beginning with early shots of John Lennon for "Rolling Stone Magazine" and moving onto recent shots of Jodie Foster. The photographs range from a relaxed shot of Keith Richards to Susan Sontag modelling beachwear and from David Lynch posing with Isabella Rosellinin in black to Roseanne Barr wallowing in mud with Tom Arnold.


FIELD: radio communication systems engineering, possible use for transmissions in multi-access system. SUBSTANCE: in device, single frame of information bit series is divided on individual sets in accordance to given time interval, hopping of frequency is performed, series of information bits expand spectrum-wise with use of different Walsh codes, and then are combined in single series connected to individual users, which is then displayed. EFFECT: provision of broadband spectrum resources required for high speed wireless transmission of multimedia data, efficient usage of temporal-frequency resources. 5 cl, 7 dwg


AIMS
Long-term results following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bare metal stents in the treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) is hindered by a significant rate of restenosis and re-occlusion. Drug-eluting stents have shown dramatically reduced restenosis rates for the treatment of relatively simple non-occlusive lesions, though there is only limited data as to the efficacy in CTO's. We evaluated the long-term results of the sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) and paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) for the treatment of CTOs.

METHODS AND RESULTS
From April 2002, all patients at our institution were treated with SES as the device of choice during PCI. During the first quarter of 2003 the default strategy changed to the use of PES. Drug-eluting stent implantation was carried out in CTOs (defined as >3 months' duration) in 9% of de novo PCI procedures. A total of 76 consecutive patients were treated with SES implantation, followed by a consecutive series of 57 patients treated with PES implantation. These patients were compared with a similar group of patients (n=26) treated with BMS in the 6-month period preceding April 2002. At 400 days, the cumulative survival-free of target vessel revascularization was 80.8% in the BMS group versus 97.4% and 96.4% in the SES and PES groups respectively (p=0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
The use of both the SES and PES in the treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions reduces the need for target vessel revascularization compared to bare metal stents.


Decreases in regional endocardia] function (ultrasonic dimension technique) and blood flow (radioactive microsphere technique) were correlated in 14 conscious dogs with acute graded levels of coronary stenosis. Coronary stenosis affected overall ventricular function only slightly, but induced gradual reductions in regional blood flow (BF) and segment length (SL) shortening in the ischemic zone. The relationship was best fit by an exponential function relating % change in SL to % change in BF; i.e., SL(%Δ) = -161.6 e−0.047BF(%Δ) (r = 0.92). In 14 segments, where no change in function was observed, blood flow fell by 6 ± 1%. However, 10-20% reductions of blood flow impaired function significantly. Severe reduction of blood flow was required to reduce function completely. In 12 segments exhibiting paradoxical motion, blood flow fell by 95 ± 2%, a value greater(P < 0.01) than in four akinetic segments, i.e., those with no shortening or lengthening (−82 ± 4%). These data, which show on one hand that only 10-20% reductions in blood flow impair function significantly and that, on the other hand, severe reductions in blood flow are required to abolish active shortening completely, indicate sensitive coupling between blood flow and function in the conscious dog with acute myocardial ischemia. Circ Res 47: 201-207, 1980


Gluon bremsstrahlung indu ed by multiple parton s attering in a (cid:12)nite dense medium has a unique angular distribution with respe t to the initial parton dire tion. A dead- one stru ture with an opening angle (cid:18) 2 0 (cid:25) 2(1 (cid:0)z)=(zLE) for gluons with fra tional energy z arises from the Landau-Pomeran hu k-Migdal (LPM) interferen e. In a medium where the gluon's diele tri onstant is (cid:15) > 1, the LPM interferen e pattern is shown to be ome Cherenkov-like with an in reased opening angle determined by the diele tri onstant os 2 (cid:18) = z + (1 (cid:0) z)=(cid:15). For a large diele tri onstant (cid:15) (cid:29) 1 + 2=z 2 LE, the orresponding total radiative parton energy loss is about twi e that from normal gluon bremsstrahlung. Impli ations of this Cherenkov-like gluon bremsstrahlung to the jet orrelation pattern in high-energy heavy-ion ollisions is dis ussed.


This thesis presents vision based object detection and tracking techniques suitable for dynamic and outdoor applications with a moving camera. Firstly, a motion clustering approach is presented to discover dynamic objects with previously unknown appearance and then used to train an appearance based model. Secondly, a novel background appearance model is proposed to verify the output of a pretrained deep convolutional network based object detector. The combined detector is demonstrated to significantly improve the pretrained detector with only weak supervision from background images when transferred to a mine site environment. Finally, a framework for associating detections across frames is presented that exploits spatial and temporal constraints, enabling life-long improvement through self-supervised learning.


Conventional PIN authentication schemes cannot resist shoulder-surfing attacks. Therefore, various shoulder-surfing attacks resistant PIN authentication schemes using audio or tactile feedback have been designed for mobile devices. However, the efficiency of most existing shoulder-surfing attacks resistant PIN authentication schemes with sufficient security is unsatisfactory. Recently, devices with touchscreens supporting localized tactile feedback (LTF) have been developed, designed, patented, and/or implemented. It is promising that devices with touchscreens supporting LTF will be widely available in the future. In this paper, we present an efficient shoulder-surfing attacks resistant PIN authentication scheme, VpointsPES, based on LTF. VpointsPES can provide sufficient security and improved usability.


Environmental safety is a global issue that needs to be addressed. Many researchers conducted wide and in-depth investigations about this issue and made great achievements. However,all these investigations are the qualitative analyses. The experiential research and quantitative analyses are lack. Therefore,according to the historical features of climacteric in China and the situation of environmental safety,a review of environmental safety is firstly made,then an index of detection system of environmental safety is constructed. Finally,the methods of constructing the detection system of environmental safety were provided after designing the system of management.


In surveys of most innovative companies, firms like Apple, Google, Microsoft, or Virgin regularly top the ranks, and stories of their emblematic leaders are recurring topics for management books and magazines. But what do Steve Jobs, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Bill Gates, and Richard Branson have in common? What do they do that steers innovation in their companies? Are they the sole drivers of innovation leadership? And is there a direct link between the innovation capability of a firm and the charisma of its leader? After all, companies such as Toyota, 3M, Samsung, and Logitech are also recognized for their innovation capabilities, even though it would be more difficult to put a face on their innovation leadership.

Learning from the experience of some of the most innovative companies, we describe the common traits that characterize innovation leaders but also show the multiple facets of innovation leadership. Innovation leadership involves different roles and abilities across organization levels and strategic orientations, and along the organization and innovation life cycle. Overall, innovation leadership is too diverse to be left to single individuals; it must be embedded in the organization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The gas chromatography is used to detect the three organic solvents named methanol, toluene and normal butyl alcohol. As a result, compared with classical method, the way is simple,quick and precise.


Parental care behavior belongs to animal instinct, which consists of protecting, feeding, helping and all kinds of activities provided by the parents to their offsprings. While fishes have evolved all forms of parental care in their a few families, they become good model organisms in studying this behavior. People's understand- ing of parental care behavior has been significantly advanced through the application of Williams's Principle from a qualitative topic to a quantitive one. And now the viewpoint that the predominance of male parental care in fishes evolves, not because the male sex obtains greater benefits from caregiving, but because males pay a lower future cost for the same benefits has been wildly accepted. Resent evidences prove that parental care is dynamically adjusted by four major factors: brood size, past investment, genetic relatedness, and future mating opportunities.


Manufacturing knowledge is the accumulated knowledge that extracted from manufacturing process and affects product quality and supports manufacturing process decision. Aims to promote manufacturing company to apply the manufacturing knowledge to improve product quality defect or work defects in quality related matters, this article explores the manufacturing knowledge supporting decision-making for mechanical product defect prevention. Following a review of the relevant literature on the subject, this article, first, analyses decision requirements according to the factors that influence quality, and then based on it puts forward the manufacturing knowledge framework and describes mechanism of manufacturing knowledge supporting decision-making for mechanical product defect prevention. Finally this article presents the IDEF0 model to further represent the complex functional relationships of decision-making process and identifies the information and objects of interrelated functions. On the whole this article explores the process of exploiting manufacturing knowledge to support decision-making for mechanical product defect prevention, so as to make the foundation to develop decision system for product defect prevention based on manufacturing knowledge.