This paper was mainly intended to shed light on students' response towards the implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) in Reading and Writing subject, and explore its benefits for enhancing critical thinking skills from students'perspectives in ELT context. This research was conducted through a qualitative case study approach. Three students of graduate program were purposively selected to be the participants. Data were gathered primarily from observation notes and interviews, and then further analyzed using interractive model analysis as proposed by Miles & Huberman (1994). The findings demonstrate that students have good responses towards the implementation of IBL. Moreover, IBL is beneficial to make students become more self-directed, selfdisciplined, self-monitored thinkers. Through IBL, students develop their critical thinking abilities: 1) raise vital questions and problems; 2) gather and assess relevant information; 3) drawing well-reasoned conclusions; and 4) communicate effectively with others to seek solution to complex problems.


The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment units and discloses a cutting type sludge thickening machine which comprises a sludge scraper and a cutting component, wherein the sludge scraper comprises a sludge scraping frame, a driving device and a central support through which the driving device outputs rotating power; the cutting component comprises at least two tool rests arranged in the circumferential direction of the central support and a plurality of blades arranged in the length directions of the tool rests; the blades are used for correspondingly cutting sludge blocks. Sludge blocks floating on the liquid level are cut into pieces by the blades of the cutting component, so that sludge is prevented form congregating on the liquid level of a thickening tank and being discharged from an overflow dam, and the phenomenon that large sludge blocks sink and are not smashed completely to block a sewage outlet is avoided. Further, the cutting component and the sludge scraping frame are connected through connecting rods identical to grid bars, so that torque caused by the cutting component is reduced, and the connecting rods can also cut and smash the sludge blocks in the rotating process so as to further thin the sludge blocks and enable the sludge blocks to enter the sewage outlet smoothly.


Robots can provide remote access, manipulation, and inspection capabilities to augment human workers and improve safety in potentially dangerous decommissioning, radioactive waste management, and emergency response operations. However, such activities may require navigating challenging and unstructured environments, such as those with uneven terrain, obstacles, or loose debris. This remains a difficult task, even for modern robots. What's more, a robot's physical design can inhibit it from accessing hard-to-reach areas such as the tight spaces around, underneath, or inside piping and equipment. To address these challenges, we have developed a series of physically robust hardware modules that can be configured into a variety of robot morphologies, specialized to support different operational needs. Each hardware module consists of a number of onboard sensors and a high performance actuator with a series elastic element to sense and control interaction forces for improved locomotion and manipulation. Using this hardware, we have designed several robotic platforms that support the access, manipulation, and inspection requirements of decommissioning and radioactive waste management. To highlight current capabilities and potential opportunities for technological improvement, we present the outcomes from field demonstrations of our modular platforms at the Office of Environmental Management's Science of Safety Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant Robotics Challenge. Specifically, results include a serpentine robot climbing vertical structures such as pipes, posts, and supports to demonstrate advanced inspection. Additionally, we discuss field trials of a similar modular configuration that yields a highly dexterous manipulator arm and camera system capable of adding manipulation and inspection functionality to existing structures. Results are presented from inspection tasks in which the manipulator is installed on another mobile robotic platform. Finally, we show our hardware modules can be reconfigured into platforms capable of withstanding significant impacts and of alternative means of locomotion, as may be required to cross terrain too challenging for traditional wheeled robots. Results describe the performance of a hexapod robot that uses proprioceptive feedback to locomote in outdoor trials reminiscent of emergency response conditions. INTRODUCTION Nuclear decommissioning involves a number of activities that may be restrictive or otherwise dangerous for human workers. For instance, workers need to inspect in WM2017 Conference, March 5 – 9, 2017, Phoenix, Arizona, USA 2 or around dense facility piping, equipment, and environments with hazardous materials. In such situations, robots can serve as vital tools, facilitating access and remote manipulation in dangerous areas, while their operators remain safely out of harm's way. However, traditional industrial robots are often expensive, bulky, and relatively inflexible. That is, the inherent physical (hardware) constraints of such robots prohibit access to tight spaces and limit them to specific tasks, with highlyspecialized technical staff required to adapt "canned" behaviors. To develop more flexible and adaptable robots, our lab, the Carnegie Mellon's Biorobotics lab, and HEBI robotics, a startup founded by former lab members, have designed a series of physically robust hardware modules that can be rapidly assembled into different robot morphologies to support different task needs. The modules can, for example, form highly-dexterous serial-chain manipulator arms that can be installed on any base (or mobile platform). The same modules can be re-assembled into wheeled, tracked, legged, or undulatory (snake-like) platforms that can locomote over rough, outdoor terrain for mobile sensing and manipulation, e.g, in disaster response scenarios [1,2,3] (see Fig. 1). While physical adaptability is ultimately essential to the development of robots that can support humans in different scenarios, it is of little use if teams of engineers are required to re-program and develop new behaviors for each new robot, i.e., each customized modular configuration. To address this concern, we emphasize principles of modularity and scalability not only in physical design, but in control. The following section will describe a tiered control scheme that is easy to adapt to new robots and behaviors, and computational tools that we have devised to simplify or automate motion planning for relatively complex tasks such as gait design [4,5]. To demonstrate these capabilities in action, the DISCUSSION section describes results from the Office of Environmental Management's Science of Safety Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant Robotics Challenge. The CONCLUSIONS section discusses future potential and current limitations of modular robots to support tasks such as nuclear decommissioning. METHODS The following section describes the modular hardware used to construct the different platforms demonstrated during the robotics challenge. Additionally, we provide an overview of the tiered control system and computational tools we use to simplify the design and planning of new behaviors on new robots.


The carpophore of one basidiomycete species growing on the top ofthe carpophore of another basidiomycete species is conspicuous (Figs. 1, 2). This arrangement is found between the par? asite Asterophora lycoperdoides (Bull.) Ditmar: Fr. (Syn: Nyctalis asterophora Fr.) and Russula, Cantharellus, Lactarius, Clitocybe, and Armil? laria (Kauffman, 1918; Thompson, 1936). Both Kauffman (1918) and Overholts (1930) report that the basidiocarps of the parasite form after the host is well developed or even partially de? cayed. The parasite grows on malt, cornmeal, potato dextrose and oatmeal agars (Thompson, 1936) and on a medium utilizing 1-3% glucose (Durand and Nicot, 1968). Koller and Jahrmann (1985) found that the yeast phase of A. lycoper? doides uses a wide range of carbon and nitrogen compounds and vitamins. Durand and Nicot (1968) mention that "carpophores develop more vigorously if the substrate is enriched with sug? ar," but they do not describe what happens with increased sugar. Only two photos have been published of A. lycoperdoides growing on media in Petri plates (Thompson, 1936; Koller and Jahrmann, 1985), and only Thompson's shows a ring of carpo? phores (fairy ring) which he does not comment on. The following investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship between light, glu? cose concentration and carpophore formation. A. lycoperdoides was collected in September on Russula densifolia (Secr.) Gillet in pine and oak litter on sandy soil at the Department of Natural Resources Rose Lake Wildlife Area ten


This work deals with the analysis of data used by tax officials to support their claim of tax fraud at a pizzeria. The possibilities of embezzlement under study are overreporting of takeaway sales and underreporting of cash payments. Standard methods based on normal assumptions and models based on Gamma assumptions are contrasted. Criteria for the choice of method in practice are discussed, among them, how easy the method is to understand, justify and communicate to the parties. Some dilemmas present itself: the choice of statistical method, its role in building the evidence, the choice of risk factor, the application of legal principles like 'clear and convincing evidence' and 'beyond reasonable doubt'. The insights gained may be useful for both tax officials and expert witnesses, as well as defenders of the taxpayer. A detailed exposition is given, both from the frequentist and Bayesian position, in order to prepare for the various statistical arguments that may be used by the parties. The presented Gamma approach may be applied to any business dealing with ratios of aggregated sales.


Abstract 4214 Relapse of disease remains the most common cause of failure in children undergoing hematopoietic-stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute leukaemia. A favourable impact, on graft-versus leukaemia effect (GVL), from recipient CMV-seropositivity before HSCT and from CMV-reactivations in the recipient after HSCT has been suggested. The potential role, in this process, for the immune response triggered by CMV has not been directly addressed so far. 108 children (median age 8 years) were included at HSCT following myeloablative conditioning for primary acute leukaemia (lymphoblastic 54%, myeloblastic 42%, biphenotypic 4%). HSCT were from HLA-matched related (41%) or unrelated (44%) donors. 15% patients received cord blood units. CMV- DNAemia was programmed weekly for at least 3 months post-HSCT. When PCR showed ≥1000 copies/ml, patients received ganciclovir as pre-emptive therapy. Immunity to CMV was evaluated sequentially since the first month post-HSCT using 3H-Thymidine incorporation assay (T-cell proliferation) and intracytoplasmic cytokine accumulation assay (IFNg secretion). Median follow-up from transplant was 40 months. 57% of patients were CMV-seropositive before HSCT. Cumulative incidence of recipients with CMV-DNAemia at day 120 was 31% (median time to onset: 26 days). Cumulative incidence of recipients with immunity to CMV (T-cell proliferation and/or IFNγ secretion assays) at 1 year was 38% (median time to onset: 2 months). As expected, recipient CMV seropositivity represented a major factor contributing to DNAemia (p In conclusion, early development of immunity to CMV rather than early viremia had a favourable impact on GVL in this pediatric series. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Cai yuan-pei was an educator of no equal of his time.His viewpoints at the talented person's development were very important and generated profound influence.these views include sound student's personality,value the athletics education,enhance the knowledge skill ability and strengthen the ability of appreciating art etc.So his standpoint at talented people is an allover development thought.He also emphasized the education of global view and philosophy of life,which must meet the society and country's need.He thought the method of education could draw lession from psychology.All of these orignal view can give inspiration to morden higher school to train quaqualified students.


The research objective is to improve the quality of soil loosening using combined working bodies for surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The efficiency of accumulation and conservation of precipitation in the autumn-winter period depends on the method of post-harvest soil cultivation. One of them is the autumn surface water-retaining treatment, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the processes of accumulation and conservation of moisture due to the deeper loosening of the cultivated soil layer. During loosening and mulching, the top layer of the soil contributes to the accumulation and preservation of moisture not only in the upper but also in deeper soil horizons. However, the used tillage tools do not fully solve the problem of the high-quality performance of surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The article presents the results of studies of the degree of influence of geometric and technological parameters of the additional active cultivator on the quality of surface tillage. Based on the results of the research carried out, the technological process of performing the surface tillage operation has been improved and combined working bodies have been developed for its implementation.


librarians not in effect been 'managers' since time immemorial, for what is librarianship other than managing collections so that they may be exploited to maximum effect by those requiring recourse to them? No part of librarianship can be divorced from the concept of management not even the more recondite aspects of professional activity such as palaeography or the bibliography of early printed books, for these, too, are concerned with the efficient control of such materials to make them readily accessible to readers. Every librarian certainly every senior librarian has always been ipso facto a manager, even if he has not descended, as he might well say, to thinking of his duties in such mundane terms. In recent years, however, attention has increasingly been given to the need to


Besides normal x-ray fluorescence lines, a low-energy K satellite has long been observed and attributed to a "radiative Auger" effect. Here, photoelectron emission is followed not by a single Auger electron or fluorescence x-ray emission but by simultaneous emission of both an electron and a photon [1]. This curious "radiative-Auger" effect is quite strong and challenges our understanding of x-ray excitation and decay processes. Despite its identification almost 30 years ago, there has been little work to understand its nature or to quantify the strength of the transition. Using tunable synchrotron radiation, we have studied the relative strengths and energy spectra of secondary fluorescence compared to the radiative-Auger emission in Ge. By studying the radiativeAuger effect below, near, and above threshold, we have eliminated alternative explanations for the observed spectral dependence of the radiative-Auger line.


Book III. On Induction (continued): 14. Of the limits to the explanation of laws of nature and of hypotheses 15. Of progressive effects and of the continued action of causes 16. Of empirical laws 17. Of chance, and its elimination 18. Of the calculation of chances 19. Of the extension of derivative laws to adjacent cases 20. Of analogy 21. Of the evidence of the law of universal causation 22. Of uniformities of co-existence not dependent upon causation 23. Of approximate generalizations, and probable evidence 24. Of the remaining laws of nature 25. Of the grounds of disbelief Book IV. Of Operations Subsidiary to Induction: 1. Of observation, and description 2. Of abstraction, of the formation of conceptions 3. Of naming, as subsidiary to induction 4. Of the requisites of a philosophical language and the principles of definition 5. Of the natural history of the variations in the meaning of terms 6. The principles of a philosophical language further considered 7. Of classification, as subsidiary to induction 8. Of classification by series Book V. On Fallacies: 1. Of fallacies in general 2. Classification of fallacies 3. Fallacies of simple inspection, or ... priori fallacies 4. Fallacies of observation 5. Fallacies of generalization 6. Fallacies of ratiocination 7. Fallacies of confusion Book VI. On the Logic of the Moral Sciences: 1. Introductory remarks 2. Of liberty and necessity 3. That there is, or may be, a science of human nature 4. Of the laws of mind 5. Of ethology, or the science of the formation of character 6. General considerations on the social science 7. Of the chemical, or experimental method in the social science 8. Of the geometrical, or abstract method 9. Of the physical, or concrete deductive method 10. Of the inverse deductive, or historical method 11. Of the logic of practice, or art including morality and policy.


While I appreciate the point Ms Komorowski is trying to make regarding staff time and management in her letter about bed baths, I find her denigrating language in reference to certain 'tasks' unacceptable.


Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com fact [2]. There is also a suggestive correlation between low serum vitamin D levels in CKD patient on dialysis and increased mortality rates. Only suggestive correlation not proven otherwise as shown in other studies [3]. There are receptors of vitamin D in smooth muscles of vessels; endothelium cardiomyocytes may have certain effect on CVDs. A relationship between low blood pressure and low vitamin D levels, cardiovascular disease, and coronary artery calcification has been seen in different studies. More than one thousand seven hundred participants from Framingham offspring study examined the levels of incident cardiovascular events and vitamin D levels [4].


Objective/Hypothesis: To evaluate the efficacy of surgical sphenopalatine artery occlusion (SAO) for treating intractable epistaxis, and identify factors associated with long‐term success or failure of this procedure.


In line with the depletion of petroleum reserves from fossils, humans have forced people to look for alternative renewable energy sources. Nipah plant stems are organic material that contains a lot of lignocellulose. Cellulose in lignocellulose can be hydrolyzed to glucose to produce bioethanol. Problems arise because hydrolysis using pure cellulase requires relatively high costs, so it is necessary to find an alternative source of cheap cellulase. One of the cheap sources of cellulase is goat rumen fluid. Until now, there is not much information regarding the reaction kinetics and cellulase characteristics of goat rumen fluid. The purpose of this study was to isolate crude cellulase extract, determine the KM and Vmax values and determine the optimum temperature and pH. The research was carried out at the Unsoed Agricultural Technology Laboratory. The samples used were seven rumen fluids. The study began with isolation followed by enzymatic kinetics studies. Fractionation was carried out by adding ammonium sulfate salt (50, 60,70, and 80 %), and centrifugation at 7,000 rpm at 4 oC for 15 minutes. Crude cellulase extract with the highest enzyme activity value was used for the study of enzymatic reaction kinetics and characterization. The crude cellulase resistance test to temperature was carried out at 45, 55 and 65 oC and the pH was carried out at pH 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. The KM and Vmax values were determined by measuring the activity of crude cellulase extract at various concentrations of CMC (1, 1 ,5, 2, 2.5, and 3 %). The results showed that crude cellulase extract had an average specific activity of 1.7356 IU/mg. The highest enzyme activity was 0.9854 IU/ml. The optimum crude cellulase extract was at pH 6 with an activity of 1.1015 IU/ml and a temperature of 60 oC with an activity of 0.7829 IU/ml. At a CMC concentration of 2.5% crude cellulase extract had an activity of 0.3179 IU/ml with a Vmax value of 0.0045 IU/ml and a KM of 0.0252 %.


Infertility in bovines could be attributed to a number of conditions affecting the genital tract. Though uterine tumours as one of the causes of infertility were identifi ed long back, attention was not paid in this direction. An optimum uterine milieu essentially creates favorable conditions for normal growth and development of embryos leading to good fertility. Uterine tumours may alter the uterine milieu by affecting uterine functions and thus jeopardize fertility. In this report a case of carcinosarcoma, a mixed malignant tumor observed in slaughter house buffalo genitalia is described.


Abstract The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic constituted a large shock to the risk of acquiring a disease that represents a meaningful threat to health. We investigate whether individuals subject to larger increases in objective health risk – operationalized by occupation-based measures of proximity to other people – became more supportive of increased government healthcare spending during the crisis. Using panel data that track UK individuals before (May 2018–December 2019) and after (June 2020) the outbreak of the pandemic, we implement a fixed-effect design that was pre-registered before the key treatment variable was available to us. While individuals in high-risk occupations were more worried about their personal risk of infection and had higher COVID-19 death rates, there is no evidence that increased health risks during COVID-19 shifted either attitudes on government spending on healthcare or broader attitudes relating to redistribution. Our findings are consistent with recent research demonstrating the limited effects of the pandemic on political attitudes.


Abstract Family caregiving plays a pivotal role in the long-term care system in the U.S, as there are over 40.4 million people providing unpaid care to individuals aged 65+ (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2019). The majority are women providing supports to a parent/grandparent and provide an average of three hours of care each day. This places greater demands on family caregivers in balancing their dual caregiver/employment roles. The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993 enables family caregivers to take unpaid leave to provide supports to immediate family. While FMLA was intended to provide flexibility to employed caregivers, many struggle with family-work conflicts and caregiver burden is high. Therefore, this conceptual paper offers a critical examination of FMLA and how family caregivers of older adults are impacted. Results of this analysis revealed three themes. First, FMLA is largely inadequate for employed caregivers, as only 60% of the workforce are eligible and unpaid leave restrictions create considerable financial hardship. Second, employer discrimination is high and family caregiving discrimination claims have dramatically increased since FMLA was enacted. And third, many employed caregivers are unaware of FMLA policies and eligibility requirements, which results in underutilization of benefits. Based upon these results, several policy and employer recommendations can be made, such as expanding FMLA coverage to include paid leave and non-immediate family caregivers. Additional recommendations will also be addressed. As it has been nearly 30 years since FMLA was enacted, updated policy is vital to continue supporting employed caregivers in their roles.


The present invention discloses a method and system for obtaining the identity of the terminal, comprising: the identity of the terminal arranged in the location register identity; access router acquires the terminal identity from the identity location register, and to obtain the identity notified to the terminal identifier. With respect to the prior art the present invention, advantage is reflected in the following aspects: the existing network identity location register does not exist, it is separated from the network element identity and location of the introduction of new technology, and therefore does not affect the functionality of the existing network, not like the conventional as a large number of technical transformation of existing network equipment, low cost, low risk; simple function identity location register, simple, but also help to reduce costs; identity location register without a lot of deployment, due to the simple function of the entire network using one or several of the server to further reduce costs.


. ABSTRACT The challenge of providing institutionalized elderly people with dementia with the physical and environmental possibility of living in a community, stimulating their cognitive function through the built environment and promoting active and healthy aging was the motivation of this research. The objective of this article is to present a bibliographic review permeated by the discussion of architecture and its effects on housing for institutionalized elderly people affected by Alzheimer's neurodegenerative disease. The systematic search methodology and the Rayan program helped the process of identification, selection, data collection, analysis and description of the main contributions of authors. As a result, 126 studies were identified that correlated concepts for aging in place, identifying structured neighborhoods that encourage walks and social activities, favoring physical health and cognitive functioning, with collective housing that add a sense of community, increase comfort and dignity, providing choices and offering opportunities to engage with society The neuroscience approach to architecture or neuroarchitecture is prominent in studies presenting the psychological issues of human experiences in response to the built environment. The connection between the properties of space and human emotions, provide new paths for a welcoming and restorative environment, at any age, under any health circumstances.


The enterprise reforming time thought political work in aspects and so on ideological recognition, model function,political work cadre quality as well as method of work exist many puzzles,the enterprise political work cadre should have scientific understanding for the thought political work's status and functions in the enterprise reforming process set an example improve their own quality unceasingly,the work pattern which the construction party politics grasp jointly and manage concertedly,the innovation method of work, impel the enterprise to develop forward.


A computationally efficient multi-criteria ranking based greedy (MCRG) algorithm is proposed for physical resource block (PRB) allocation in the fourth generation (4G) systems, where the users' utilities are ranked with multiple criteria, to enhance the performance of the basic greedy algorithm. The MCRG algorithm not only outperforms the previous single criterion ranking based greedy algorithm in terms of throughput and outage probability, but also provides a near optimal performance, irrespective of the optimisation utility employed. In particular, when the MCRG algorithm is used to optimise the channel frequency response (CFR) utility, the overall computational complexity is kept at a very low level, without sacrificing the performance.


The paper describes a new test method for the experimental determination of the flow ripple and impedance of hydraulic pumps. The test method involves the use of an auxiliary generator of pressure ripple in order to excite the pump under test, so that the impedance of that pump may be evaluated by consideration of the reflection obtained. The method has proved practical and accurate and overcomes most of the shortcomings of previous methods. The test can also be applied to motors and passive components such as valves. A method is also described for the accurate experimental determination of the sonic velocity in the fluid


This brief presents a conductance-based neuron that is capable of operating under ultra-low-voltage supplies. The proposed neuron employs a variable-gain low-pass filter to linearly integrate the input spikes onto the membrane capacitance. A positive feedback topology is used to generate output spikes and implement a frequency adaption mechanism. A differential amplifier is as well employed as a comparator to reset the membrane potential and set a threshold voltage to control the spike generator circuit. The mathematical analyses result in a first-order linear equation for membrane current of the neuron. The designed neuron was fabricated in TSMC 0.18 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology with an area of 993 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> that consumes 135 fJ/spike under a 0.3-V supply voltage. The experimental results show frequency adaption mechanism and intrinsic chattering, while regular and fast-firing behaviors are achieved by adjusting control parameters.


Multirate metho ds have oft en been considered for integrating systems in which one part changes much more rapidly than another, but, to my knowledge, little theoretical study has been made on the accuracy and stability of such methods. These few r·nmments are intended LO suggest some of the problems that might be involved, and some ways in which the methods can be analyzed.


For the first time at our knowledge, we demonstrate a sub-µm indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) (vertical) Schottky diodes on a 300mm platform. We demonstrate that the choice of a suitable Al2O3-based encapsulation layer is critical in order to achieve near-ideal diode parameters (n, φSBH) and uniform wafer-level behavior. We show, for the smallest devices of 0.5µm x 0.5µm, an ideality factor n of 1.5 and Schottky barrier height (φSBH) of 0.7 eV while simultaneously achieving a peak current density of 0.1 MA/cm2.


In this article the Director of Product Use for Bearings, Inc., Dixie Bearings, and Bruening Bearings answers some of the most-asked questions about bearings. He discusses maintenance, shafts and housings, over lubrication, leaking oil seals, and deterioration of bearings, and emphasizes that the stress on bearings in mining equipment is tremendous, but proper maintenance procedures can assure long bearing life.


Premise of research. More detailed studies are required to evaluate the distribution of N among leaves and the whole-plant carbon gain in the absence of a light gradient. This study assessed the effect of leaf age on photosynthetic capacity and leaf N content simultaneously with the calculation of leaf demographic parameters in plants of Wedelia trilobata growing horizontally at three levels of nitrogen availability. Methodology. Leaf production, leaf death rates, leaf life span, and the decline in maximum photosynthetic rate with age were measured. With these data, the structure of leaf age population in whole plants was constructed, and their effect on the distribution of N among leaves and the whole-plant carbon gain was projected. Pivotal results. In all N treatments, leaf age regulated the photosynthetic capacity along the life of the leaf and established a nonuniform distribution of leaf N content in the leaves present in the plant. Leaf age structure showed that with the increase in N availability, the leaf population tends to be younger. The major contribution of carbon took place in the early life of the leaf, but the relative importance of the older leaves was different among treatments. Conclusions. The use of traditional demographic approaches allowed the scaling up of leaf carbon gain from leaf to whole plant in a species with horizontally oriented branches and demonstrated that an optimal leaf age structure at different N availabilities may be important to maximize whole-plant carbon gain under the same light condition.


Ontogenetic variation is the most fundamental biological aspect of an organism, and stage‐structured (size‐structured) prey–predator relationships have increasingly been studied for better understanding food webs. However, little is known about stage‐structured mutualism and its community consequences (i.e. when and where it occurs and how it matters in community ecology). This article aims to argue that mutualism can be viewed as inherently stage‐structured while drawing research attention to the little‐studied issue. First, to conceptualize stage‐structured mutualism, I present possible community modules, such as inter‐stage partner sharing, ontogenetic antagonism–mutualism coupling and ontogenetic partner shift, which are mechanistically obtained due to the ontogenetic variation in associated costs and benefits. A synthesis of the literature across different mutualisms (e.g. pollination, seed dispersal, nutritional and defensive) demonstrates that mutualism is commonly stage‐structured, and those examples can be categorized into the different community modules conceptualized above. To integrate structural diversity and complexity, I present a general theoretical framework for describing community dynamics mediated by stage‐structured mutualism. It can provide testable hypotheses regarding how stage‐specific partners can affect each other through the life history of a shared host and how they jointly determine the lifetime fitness of the host. For the establishment of the ontogenetic perspective of mutualism, both empirical and theoretical efforts are needed to collect and incorporate individual‐level interaction data into community ecology theories, which will provide valuable insights not only into mutualism‐mediated community dynamics but also into biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management.


We present the discovery of seven X-ray emitting groups of galaxies selected as extended X-ray sources in the 200-ks Chandra coverage of the All-wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS). In addition, we report on active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity associated with these systems. For the six extended sources which lie within the Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe 2 (DEEP2) Galaxy Redshift Survey coverage, we identify optical counterparts and determine velocity dispersions. In particular, we find three massive high-redshift groups at z > 0.7, one of which is at z = 1.13, the first X-ray detections of spectroscopically selected DEEP2 groups. We also present a first look at the L x -T, L X -σ and σ-T scaling relations for high-redshift massive groups. We find that the properties of these X-ray selected systems agree well with the scaling relations of similar systems at low redshift, although there are X-ray undetected groups in the DEEP2 catalogue with similar velocity dispersions. The other three X-ray groups with identified redshifts are associated with lower mass groups at z ~ 0.07 and together form part of a large structure or 'supergroup' in the southern portion of the AEGIS field. Similar to other X-ray-luminous groups, all of the low-redshift systems are centred on massive elliptical galaxies, and all of the high-redshift groups have likely central galaxies or galaxy pairs. Interestingly, the central galaxies in the highest redshift system show indications of ongoing star formation. All of the central group galaxies host X-ray point sources, radio sources and/or show optical AGN emission. Particularly interesting examples of central AGN activity include a bent-double radio source plus X-ray point source at the centre of a group at z = 0.74, extended radio and double X-ray point sources associated with the central galaxy in the lowest redshift group at z = 0.066, and a bright green valley galaxy (part of a pair) in the z = 1.13 group which shows optical AGN emission lines.


The expression on tumor suppressor gene product p53 was studied in 137 cases of malignant tumor of oral region. Using monoclonal antibody to p53 protein that was detectable on paraffin sections (BP 53-12), immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Positive staining of p53 protein of nucleus was detected in 43 of 107 cases (40.2%) of squamous cell carcinoma, 2 of 18 cases (11.1%) of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 of 9 cases (11.1%) of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 1 of 2 cases (50%) of osteosarcoma, and 1 case of undifferentiated carcinoma.These evidences suggested that abnormality of p53 protein was involved in malignant tumors of the oral region.The positive cells were always confined to the malignant portion, whereas no expression was detectable in normal areas. In the region just adjacent to some tumors, the expression of p53 protein was distinguished from that in a peripheral normal portion with a clear border. The result suggested that the p53 detection by the immunohistochemical method was valuable for the assessment of the tumor occupied region.


School counsellors' unique role makes them ideal coordinators and leaders in implementing sustainable development and effective disaster management in schools which teachers and students play a role. This study investigated the emerging trends of counselling for sustainable development among students and teachers of secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. Five research questions and one hypothesis were raised for this study. Descriptive survey research design was used for this study. Structured questionnaire were administered to 180 respondents using stratified random sampling procedure in selecting 4 secondary schools from four Local Government Areas of the Senatorial District. The data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analyses and interpretation. The study found that, schools lacked adequate physical and human resources needed for effective counselling service delivery. Thus, the level of patronage of the counselling unit in schools was low. As a result, majority (43%) of the students preferred going to their parents/guardians for counselling, (32%) consult their classmates and friends, while (21%) feel free to consult their school counsellors. It was observed that issues students sought for Guidance and Counselling were education, vocational and private while the teachers visit the counsellor on personal issues mostly (61%). Counsellors used one-on-one methods commonly. The respondents (75%) stated that Guidance and Counselling programme is not carried out by schools adequately due to poor funding and negligence. Counselling services rendered in private schools were not significantly different from that of public schools. Therefore, the specialized skills of the school counsellors need to be tapped to prevent, and treat increasing psychosocial problems of the students and teachers to provide sustainable development and reduce personality disaster in secondary schools. It is recommended that, all schools should provide basic resources for guidance and counselling; funding of the Guidance and Counselling programmes in schools should be increased; more school counsellors should be employed.


Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were produced using conductive inks based on hybrids of polyaniline (PAni) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed peaks characteristic of the PAni redox behavior in acidic media for all the modified SPEs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed a significant decrease in the charge-transfer resistances, from 930 Ω for SPE/G:PAni to 544 Ω for SPE/G:PAni-rGO1 and to 303 Ω for SPE/G:PAni-rGO2 with just 0.06% and 0.12% in mass of rGO, respectively, in the final mass composition of the conductive inks. The SPEs were evaluated in the determination of progesterone (P4) hormone in neutral medium (phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.0). The CV results showed higher current signals at SPE/G:PAni-rGO1 compared with SPE/G and SPE/G:PAni, indicating a synergistic effect of PAni-rGO1 in the determination of P4. EIS also showed significant changes in the electrochemical double-layer capacitances in the presence of P4. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were, respectively, 211 nmol l−1 and 703 nmol l−1. This method is a simple, scalable and low-cost alternative for the fabrication of electrodes based on PAni-rGO hybrids, with synergic properties, aiming for future applications in sensors.


The aim of the study was screening for SNPs of promoter region of the TNFalpha gene in American mink (Neovison vison). Nucleotide sequence of 145 bp fragment of the promoter region of the mink TNFalpha gene was established. One SNP was found – a substitution C>T in position 111 from the beginning of the sequence. C allele contains potential LBP1/UBP1 transcription factor binding site, and T allele includes potential binding sites for NF-1 and C/EBP transcription factors.


Objective To investigate the rate and influencing factors of citizen's awareness on the health knowledge in a community in Chengdu, so as to provide references for improving the rate of citizen's health knowledge awareness and developing citizen's health education plans. Methods With random sampling method towards households, the semi-structured questionnaire was conducted among 1533 residents in a community of Chengdu. Results The overall rate of health knowledge awareness was 41.3%.While individual health knowledge awareness differed from each other. The awareness rate of the specific quantitative index and the risk factors of disease were on the low side. Conclusion The rate of health knowledge awareness among residents in the community is relatively low. Health education should be carried out through a variety of channels in combination with professional guidance,especially pay attention to detailed knowledge and professional education.


OBJECTIVE
The characteristics and clinical implications associated with Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) flow have not been clearly analyzed. The purpose of this transesophageal pulsed doppler study was to evaluate the importance of rhythm and echo doppler parameters on LAA thrombus formation.

DESIGN
Prospective study.

SETTING
Patients in a follow-up transesophageal echocardiographic study at Gregorio Maranon General Hospital, Madrid.

PATIENTS
Through a transesophageal echocardiographic color Doppler prospective study we evaluated 44 consecutive patients.

INTERVENTIONS
In each patient we measured presence of atrial fibrillation, presence of LAA thrombi and LAA doppler flow pattern parameters (peak velocity and area enclosed by the pulsed doppler filling and emptying waves).

MEASUREMENTS
We identified three types of LAA doppler flow: Type I, clearly defining biphasic flow, was present only in sinus rhythm patients and not associated to LAA thrombus; Type II saw-fish active flow pattern was detected only in atrial fibrillation patients not associated also with LAA thrombus. Type III low flow pattern occurred only in atrial fibrillation patients and is associated to the majority of LAA thrombus.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings document the importance of LAA doppler factors when transesophageal echocardiography is used to study LAA thrombus formation.


There are some issues and problems in the securities transaction on internet,such as high transaction cost,low security of trading,stagnant law and regulation and improper supervision and administration. Based on the requirement of the national and social public benefits,the government should take some necessary measures and actions to resolve the problems mentioned above.


Thanatology as an interdisciplinary field has its roots in cultural sociology. For a long time, the sociology of the Soviet system was limited to political and economic structures. It was not until the collapse of communist rule in the 1990s that a clear view on everyday Soviet life became possible. This book is limited to the deaths and funerals of three communist leaders (Engels, Leviné and Lenin), putting related reflections and rituals into the social context of the respective eras. The necrophilic components of the communist system are presented as the result of the class struggle and its radicalization, class murder. The Stalinist system is examined here with the help of the "necrophilic character" model (Fromm) and the "oriental despotism" concept in order to investigate necrophilia.


IN dealing with the causes of nervous diseases I will use the classification of the causes of disease generally which I attempted to formulate in the Bradshaw Lecture in 1917, the groups being: (1) Injury, (2) food and feeding, (3) poisons, (4) occupation, (5) stress, (6) abnormal metabolism, (7) abnormal age changes, (8) neoplasms, (9) parasites and micro-organisms, (10) heredity. (1) Injury.-The lesions due to gross injury require no further mention, but I think the effects of heat and cold are factors in producing nerve lesions. Apart from those cases of traumatic hysteria and neurasthenia, which are really either feigned or purely emotional, there are probably cases of neurasthenia which may be due to some definite molecular change in the central nervous system or in the endocrine glands. It is possible that the long-lasting local pain, secondary to tearing of minute muscular or tendinous attachments, may be due to the involvement of nerve fibrils in cicatricial tissue. (2) Food and Feeding.-I know of no nervous diseases caused by uncontaminated food in this country, however much it may be possible


To get the more proper research methods to high temperature air combustion (HTAC), the influence of finite chemistry reaction rate model on HTAC is numerically analyzed by making use of reaction mechanisms. The one-step-reaction finite chemistry reaction rate, four-step-reaction finite and eddy dissipation model are considered, respectively. The temperature of four-step-reaction finite is lower than that of the other two reaction models, because several positive and reverse reaction steps are investigated in it, and the lower temperature also restrains the formation of thermal NOx. It also leads to a little increase of CO2, which meets to the properties of HTAC, owing to the several reaction steps. The difference between the results of one- step-reaction finite and eddy dissipation model is little because the experiential parameters in one-step-reaction finite are obtained from normal temperature. It can be concluded that the finite chemistry reaction rate models have good adaptability, whether one-step-reaction or four-step-reaction.


Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PLS) ischaracterized by headache, clouding of sensorium, visual disturbances and seizures. It isassociated to hypertension, renal disease or immunosuppressive therapy. We report three males,aged 9, 12 and 16 years and one female, aged 5 years wih PLS associated toimmunosuppressive therapy. All had seizures and three had headache and clouding ofsensorium. One case was associated to an hypertensive emergency, one to liver failure and oneto high tacrolimus levels. Magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions in the white matter intwo patients and in the gray matter in the other two. The lapse between the start ofimmunosuppressive treatment and neurological symptoms ranged from 4 days to 6 months. Allreceived antiepileptic drugs and immunosuppresive therapy was changed or decreased, withcomplete clinical recovery (Rev Med Chile 2008, 136: 93-8).(


This article introduced the main characteristics,taste process and method,and scoring standard for the tasting of Minnan oolong tea,covering light aroma and heavy aroma type.


The given paper considered a generalized model representation of the software system "Instrumental complex for ontological engineering purpose". Represented complete software system development process. Developed relevant formal models of the software system "Instrumental complex for ontological engineering purpose", represented as mathematical expressions, UML diagrams, and also described the three-tier architecture of the software system "Instrumental complex for ontological engineering purpose" in a client-server environment.


Spinal motor neurons (MNs) extend their axons to communicate with their innervating targets, thereby controlling movement and complex tasks in vertebrates. Thus, it is critical to uncover the molecular mechanisms of how motor axons navigate to, arborize, and innervate their peripheral muscle targets during development and degeneration. Although transgenic Hb9::GFP mouse lines have long served to visualize motor axon trajectories during embryonic development, detailed descriptions of the full spectrum of axon terminal arborization remain incomplete due to the pattern complexity and limitations of current optical microscopy. Here, we describe an improved protocol that combines light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and robust image analysis to qualitatively and quantitatively visualize developing motor axons. This system can be easily adopted to cross genetic mutants or MN disease models with Hb9::GFP lines, revealing novel molecular mechanisms that lead to defects in motor axon navigation and arborization.


In order to solve the problem of low accuracy of bottom hole pressure in tight gas reservoir, this paper presents a new way to analyze the bottom hole pressure. By combining literature research and starting from nonlinear motion equations, the model of bottom hole pressure was established through using various mathematical methods such as separation variable method, identity transformation method and differential discrete method. This paper presents a high-precision and high-efficiency method for solving bottom hole pressure in tight gas reservoirs, and a dynamic calculation method for permeability and conductivity is given. Through the sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors of dimensionless pressure and pressure derivative, it is concluded that the larger the power law index is, the larger the warpage of the dimensionless pressure and pressure derivative curve is. The larger the skin coefficient and the wellbore storage coefficient is, the earlier the fluid enters into the quasi-steady-state seepage. When the tight gas reservoir contains closed edges, the resolution points of the dimensionless pressure and pressure derivative curves are obvious with crossing. On the contrary, when the tight gas reservoir contains the constant pressure boundary, the resolution points of the dimensionless pressure and pressure derivative curves are not obvious without crossing.


Concept level engineering has been performed for a promising new deepwater platform design. The tension raft jacket (TRJ) employs a fairly conventional fixed platform-type jacket and deck supported by a deeply submerged buoyant concrete raft. The raft is founded to the sea bottom by vertically tensioned tendons similar to conventional TLPs. Tensioned drilling and production risers are used. A TRJ design is discussed for a medium-size deck payload and a water depth of about 1,500 feet. Work to date includes preliminary sizing of the deck, jacket, raft and tendons; global response analysis; development of potential fabrication and installation methods; and development of preliminary schedules and costs. The TRJ concept is expected to compete with compliant tower platforms in shallow water depths and with large drilling TLPs in deep water. The primary benefits of the TRJ concept are simplicity of design, constructability with existing Gulf of Mexico (GOM) infrastructure, lower capital costs, and shorter development schedules.


Egg allergy is the most common food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of egg allergy, component patterns and predictive values of screening tests in egg allergy in South African children with AD.


Continuous tuning of a cw femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is demonstrated from 0.755–1.04 μm for the signal branch, and from 1.5–3.2 μm for the idler branch, covering most of the potential tuning range of the device. Transform‐limited pulses under 120 fs in duration are found throughout the signal tuning, and idler pulsewidth measurements suggest pulses of less than 215 fs should be possible throughout the idler tuning. These results have been achieved using a new walkoff compensation scheme in the OPO. Preliminary results of transmission correlation measurements of carrier relaxation in InGaAs are presented using the parametric oscillator as a tunable excitation source.


Purpose To study the characteristics of responding to a current stressful situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic of various contingents of the population, including medical workers who do not work directly with COVID-19 patients Materials and methods 132 respondents were surveyed online The questionnaire included biometric indicators, questions for evaluating the relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Spielberger-Hanin scale For statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson χ2 were used Depending on the field of activity, all respondents were divided into 4 groups: Health professionals working in another field, those receiving education, and people without permanent employment Results The changes were recorded in the general sample, indicating the increase of the level of anxiety due to the current stressful situation Statistically significant intergroup differences were revealed (with significance level p≤0 05) in terms of constitutional and situational anxiety reflecting the current state of the individual: Respondents with a high level of personal anxiety were found more often in the groups of healthcare professionals and those receiving education than among the other two groups;they also registered the increase of the level of situational anxiety to high rates, quantitatively most pronounced in the group of health workers (for the majority), qualitatively in those receiving education, where 1/3 of the respondents recorded extremely high, clinically significant levels Whereas in the other 2 groups there was an opposite tendency-to react with low levels of situational anxiety in a significant part of cases Conclusion Medical workers and educators are the most vulnerable population in terms of overresponse to stressful situations Extremely high levels of situational anxiety were revealed in 15% of medical workers and in 34% of educated people It indicates that they are in the state of distress and the need for a more detailed examination to identify possible borderline mental pathology with the organization of psychological and psychotherapeutic support © 2020, Professionalnye Izdaniya All rights reserved


Four experiments to evaluate several herbicides and additives for leafy spurge control were established near Sheldon, ND, and on the Sheyenne National Grasslands near McLeod, ND, in 1984 and 1985. The herbicides were applied using a tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 8.5 gpa at 35 psi. All plots were 10 by 30 ft in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Evaluations were based on percent stand reduction as compared to the control.


Molecules exposed to intense ultrashort laser pulses undergo rapid ionization at critical large internuclear distances requiring nonperturbative models to explain the highly nonlinear nonperturbative response. Simple quasistatic models allow for the prediction of these critical internuclear distances. It is shown that the mechanism for enhanced ionization is due to overbarrier ionization of the Starkshifted LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) in both symmetric diatomic and triatomic molecules. In nonsymmetric molecules, permanent dipole moments contribute to the strong Stark-shifts of electron orbitals and enhanced ionization occurs through resonances of the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO, corresponding to charge transfer. Double ionization is also enhanced at certain critical distances but involves considerable excitations of intermediate electronic states.


Farming activities and vegetation construction is an important part of human activity,this paper takes bare land,agricultural land,grassland and shrub land(newly planted)as the research object,and by the means of rainfall simulation experiment to study the difference of soil erosion on different site conditions,and analyze the morphological of slope erosion.Studies have shown that:the grassland showed the most obvious effect of reducing erosion and runoff,and the latest appearing the hole and rill among the four site conditions.Compared with the bare land,grassland reduced sediment yield 97.24%~99.63% and reduced runoff yield 62.04%~80.46%,perhaps because of the impacts of planting disturbance,newly planted shrubs almost have no function in soil and water conservation,the more density planting,the more serious soil erosion,After the test,experiment slope rill run through,and presents a wide and deep'V'-type.For the agricultural land and bare land,the amount of sediment and runoff has a relationship with the rainfall intensity.The sediment and runoff of agricultural land were less than bare land when the rainfall intensity was small.Otherwise,the sediment and runoff of agricultural land were more than bare land under the conditions of higher rainfall intensity.Therefore,it's necessary to keep scientific and rational planting and control the erosion of farming or vegetation-building activities.


Purpose – Although the inplementation of online social networking (OSN) within the hospitality industry is relatively new, its parameters possess unique implications for hospitality industry constituencies including guests, staff members, and management. The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution, scope and types of online social networks and potential implications for hospitality businesses.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on an in‐depth review of literature, including intended and unintended consequences of social media.Findings – While social networking can assist a hospitality firm in strengthening guest loyalty and satisfaction, it may also expose itself to unfair criticism and unfounded speculation. In addition, some hospitality firms have sponsored coworker sites in an attempt to incentivize interactivity by encouraging peer‐to‐peer and staff‐to‐administrator participation, only to risk exposure of negative relationships and strained working conditions.Research limitatio...


This study focused on the similarities and differences in competitive strategies between two e-commerce platforms Taote and PDD. The full text is composed of four chapters. The first chapter summarizes the current situation of e-commerce in China, then puts forward the research problem, and clarifies the research significance from the practical and academic perspectives. The second chapter briefly introduces the background and development of Taote and PDD. The third chapter focuses on Taote and PDD's competitive strategies from traffic distribution logic, commodity supply side and user operation methods, and analyzes and compares the two platforms with examples to find their similarities and differences. The fourth chapter summarizes the full text and puts forward further research directions.


Adopting polyglycol(200) instead of part of epoxy-acrylic to modify EA resins,frangibility of EA resins can be modified without changing time. The authors discuss the amount of modifier, the selection of catalyst and the control of temperature, come to fitting reaction condition. The resin and EA resin can form UV paint of wooden floor.


(1) Background: The environmentally friendly choline-amino acid ionic liquids (ChAAILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been used as excellent alternatives to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ionic liquids (ILs) in recent years; (2) Methods: Thus, ChAAILs/salt and DESs/salt aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) were developed for the chiral extraction of phenylalanine enantiomers. The optimum ATPS of [Ch][L-Pro]/K3PO4 was chosen, and the influencing parameters were investigated, including ChAAILs concentration, salt concentration, chiral selector concentration, extraction temperature, phenylalanine concentration, and system pH; (3) Results: The phenylalanine enantiomers were mainly extracted into the top phase (ChAAIL-rich phase), meanwhile, the (S)-phenylalanine [(S)-Phe)] was preferentially recognized by the chiral selector in the top phase. The maximum separation factor (α) of 2.05 was obtained under the optimal conditions; and (4) Conclusions: This ATPS that was used for the chiral extraction of enantiomers is much more environmentally friendly, simple, and rapid, and has the potential to be used in the enantioselective extraction of other enantiomers.


Infrared thermography is commonly used as a non-destructive testing technique for damage monitoring of composite materials under mechanical loadings. Self-heating tests consist in monitoring the stabilized heating of a material submitted to cyclic loading for increasing values of stress level. It appears that the load threshold from which the thermal behaviour changes can be related to the fatigue limit of the tested material. In this paper, this stress threshold is compared to the heating of a woven thermoplastic composite material submitted to a monotonic tensile test. Indeed, during a quasi-static tensile test, the material temperature cools down, due to thermoelastic effect, before warming up again, due to both viscous effects and first damage evolutions. The comparison, which is made for the warp direction only, is also based on microscopic optical scanning of the specimen edge and passive acoustic monitoring. It is shown that thermal changes detected in the composite samples are associated with damage occurring under both static and cyclic loading, for similar stress levels. This result indicates that the static tests make it possible to estimate a damage threshold, therefore a potential fatigue limit, even faster than with self-heating tests, which opens very promising prospects as for the determination of the fatigue limit of woven composite materials reinforced by carbon fibre yarns.


With the extensive development of technologies related to fuel cell vehicle(FCV) these years,how to remove the detrimental impact of the air contaminants(especially the contaminants emitted from ICE vehicles) on the cathode performance of on-board fuel cells must be researched.The theory and construction on air scrubbing system for fuel cell vehicle are summarized in this paper as well as the conception that turbocharger for exhaust air could be helpful to resolve the problem of increased transport resistance.


A kinetic model is proposed for the oxidative methane condensation process in the range of low conversions. This model takes into account a homogeneous-heterogeneous process character which is, apparently, common to a wide range of oxide catalysts. The authors obtained an equation for the limit selectivity of the process in the range of low conversion.


The fatigue behavior and fracture toughness of injection molded short-glass-fiber-reinforced poly(vinyl chloride) (sgfr-PVC) were investigated using the Crack Layer approach and fractography, Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) experiments in single-edge-notched (SEN) specimens were conducted concurrently with microscopic observations. Fracture was observed to propagate as a main crack surrounded by a layer of damage. The magnitude of damage was controlled by the content of glass fiber, which in turn controlled crack reduced acceleration and fracture toughness. FCP behavior was successfully described by the Crack Layer theory, which accounts for the damage associated with crack propagation. In absence of significant interfacial bonding, mechanical fiber/matrix interlocking provided the main resistance to crack propagation. Fiber-induced matrix deformation and fiber pull-out appeared to be the dominant energy absorbing mechanisms.


The spinless first‐order transition density between two atomic states with quantum numbers L′,ML′, and L″,ML″ is expanded in spherical harmonics γm,n(r)= ∑ L=|L′−L′′|L′+L′′YL,ML′′−ML′(θ,φ)·rLγL,ML′−ML′′m,n(r). It is shown that the dependence of the expansion coefficients on ML′ and ML″ for fixed L is completely determined by the use of the Wigner‐Eckart theorem, so that all (2L′+1) (2L″+1) expansion coefficients of a given order L are known in terms of one of them. The same is true for the expansion coefficients of the first‐order transition spin density. These quantities are calculated for all terms of the electron configurations snpm and the results collected in tables.


Perhaps the road less traveled is the right career path for you. Here are more than a dozen ideas to get you started.


Bis(pyridinyl-2,3-dihydrooxadiazolyl)benzenes 5a-e and 9a, b are obtained in 25-85% yields by heating the corresponding bis(hydrazones) 4a-f and 8a, d in refluxing Ac2O–AcOH for 3–5 h, while the bi...


Phenylalanine amonia-lyase (PAL) is one of the most important enzymes that plays a key role in regulation of phenylpropanoid production in plants. It catalyzes the first step of the phenylpropanoid pathway in which L-phenylalanine is deaminated to trans-cinnamic acid. This step is significant for metabolic engineering and hyper-expression of the major phenylpropanoid, methyl chavicol. We followed gene expression and activity of PAL in Ocimum basilicum L. at different stages of growth including seedling, beginning and middle of growth phase, budding stage and flowering, and their correlation with final concentration of phenylpropanoid compounds. The level of gene expression was monitored by semi quantitative RT-PCR and phenylpropanoid compounds were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). PAL activity was assayed using spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the level of gene expression and activity of PAL enzyme are altered during the plant development, where the highest expression and activity (0.851 μmol cinnamic acid/mg/min) was achieved at budding stage. In this experiment, changes of methylchvicol content were correlated to the transcription and activity of PAL enzyme.


The dispute between doctor of education(Ed.D) and doctor of philosophy in education(Ph.D) in the United States has been there for nearly a century without being settled practically.The origin of this problem can be traced back to some historical events.It's also the result of many factors including the diversity of American higher education,the demands of different interests,and the concerns with quality of graduate education.It is of great practical significance to analyze the origin and evolution of this problem from a historical perspective,and to reach some revelations for the Ed.D programs in China.


Preface and Acknowledgments. Abbreviations. 1. Introduction: How to Do Greek Political Thought. 2. Archaic Greece and the Centrality of Justice. Achilles, Agamemnon, and Fair Distribution. Justice as "Distinctively Human". Institutions and Values of the Early Polis. What is Justice? The Voice of the Oppressed and the Origins of Political Thought. The Egalitarian Response. The Elitist Response. Case Study: Sparta and the Politics of "Courage". A Second Case Study: Archaic Athens and the Search for Justice. 3. Democratic Political Thinking at Athens. Evidence and Sources. Democracy Ancient and Modern. Democratic Conceptions of Freedom. Democratic Deliberation. Courage, Trust, and Leadership. Democratic Political Thought outside Athens?. Protagorean Arguments for Democracy. Democratic Conceptions of Equality. Justice and the Demos. 4. Criticizing Democracy in Late Fifth-Century Athens. Mapping out the Problem: The "Old Oligarch". Modern and Ancient Quandaries. Nomos and Phusis. The Challenge of Thrasymachus and Callicles. Thucydidean Imperialists Revisit Nomos and Phusis. Socrates and Nomos. Logos and Ergon. Democratic Epistemology and Relativism. Democratic Epistemology and Untrustworthy Rhetoric - or, Where Does the Truth Lie?. Socrates and Athens. 5. Imperialism. Aristotle Analyzes Imperialism. Definitions and History. Monarchic Imperialism. Natural Superiority?. Debating Athenian Imperialism. Final Thoughts. 6. Fourth Century Revisions. The ancestral republican "solutions". The monarchic "solution". Plato's "solutions". Criticizing Contemporary Politics. Plato on Rhetoric and Order in the Gorgias. The Priority of Reason in City and Soul: Plato's Republic. Educating Citizens in the Classical Context. Politics and Ethics. Philosophical Rulers. Platonic Political Philosophy after the Republic. 7. Aristotle's Political Thought. Civic Conflict, Emotion, and Injustice: Observing the Polis as It Is. Exploring What Ought To Be: Aristotle's Naturalism. Aristotle on the Good Life. Nature in the Politics. Aristotle on Slavery. Polis and Citizenship in General. Aristotle's Best Polis. Political Possibilities in Existing Cities. The Best Constitution in Relation to Existing Conditions. Classification of Constitutions. The Power of the Masses. Conclusion. 8. Hellenistic Political Thought. Theory of Kingship. The Traditional Schools. New Directions: Cynics, Stoics, and Epicureans. The Politics of Cynicism?. Stoicism and Epicureanism. 9. Epilogue: The Question of Politics. Bibliographic Essay. Notes. Index


The bioactive compounds from plant extract represent a potent alternative to combating
the increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to synthetic drugs. This study aimed to
investigate the phytochemical, and antibacterial activities of Morinda lucida. Leaves of M.
lucida was extracted successively using n-hexane, acetone, methanol and distilled water.
The crude plant extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against pathogens
found in food and other sources such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Escherichia coli, and
Klebsiella spp. using the agar well diffusion technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) was carried out using the microbroth dilution technique. The phytochemical
analysis showed the presence of alkaloids and sterols in all extracts. Flavonoid was only
present in the n-Hexane extract. The result showed that n-Hexane extract had the widest
zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa - 13.67 mm (12.5 mg/mL MIC), B. subtilis - 15
mm (12.5 mg/mL MIC), while acetone extract was most active against S. enterica ser.
Typhi - 24.67 mm (6.25 mg/mL MIC), S. aureus - 24.83 mm (3.13 mg/mL MIC), E. coli -
13.33 mm (1.56 mg/mL MIC) and Klebsiella spp. - 18.33 mm (12.5 mg/mL MIC). These
findings indicated that n-Hexane and acetone extract of M. lucida exhibited significant
antimicrobial activity. Therefore, further research should be carried out to isolate the
bioactive compounds with potentials in developing new drug leads against drug-resistant
microbial strains.


Marxism was instituted by Marx and Engels,but the word "Marxism" was not first brought forward by Marx and Engels.To research the origin of this concept is very important for us to research in Marxism at present and in the future.


with the development of equipment manufacturing industry, the traditional spare-part distribution management is dropped behind correspondingly, the information could not be shared between the enterprise and the distribution units, which bring a series of problems. The paper introduced a spare-part distribution management system through the CRM bus. Designed the main framework of the system, and analyzed the key integration technologies simply. The application of the system is significative to some manufacturing enterprises.


Catheter-based cardiac ablation is the preferred method of treating atrial fibrillation. Conventionally, the catheter is navigated in the heart using X-ray fluoroscopy imaging and an electroanatomical map. Although successful, these imaging modalities do not provide real-time feedback on the quality of lesions created, which in turn could lead to recurrence of arrhythmia. Intracardiac echo (ICE) catheter provides real-time imaging within the heart to visualize both the ablation catheter and lesions created. However, manipulating the ablation and ICE catheters simultaneously is tedious and time consuming. As a first step towards developing a robotic ICE catheter that can autonomously follow the ablation catheter and monitor the lesions, we have developed a dynamic model for the ICE catheter. The model is based on the Cosserat theory for flexible rods that relies on strain parametrization. The model also accounts for frictional forces between the catheter sheath and tendons, external loads and fluid forces acting on the catheter. A good nominal model for describing the catheter dynamics is essential to develop a robust control scheme for the robotic ICE catheter. The parameters of the ICE catheter are estimated using weight release, tendon-driven actuation and fluid flow experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dynamic model for the ICE catheter that accurately reflects the dynamics of the catheter under pulsatile fluid flow within a heart phantom.


This paper presents an Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) algorithm for optimal allocations and sizing of capacitors for the original and reconfigured distribution systems. Feeder reconfiguration is the process of changing the distribution network topology by changing the status of sectional and tie switches. First the candidate buses for installing capacitors are identified using Fuzzy Approach. Then the proposed ALO algorithm is to find the size of capacitors. The main objective is to reduce the total real loss and consequently, to increase the net energy savings per year. The attained results via the proposed ALO algorithm are compared with original network to highlight their benefits. The proposed algorithm is to minimize the losses and total cost and to enhance the voltage profiles and net saving for various distribution systems. The proposed ALO algorithm has been tested on a standard IEEE 33bus and 69-bus test system for capacitor placement for original and reconfigured network to reduce the power loss and energy savings.


Handling stability of a vehicle is one of the most important properties of vehicle safety. Compared to a rigid vehicle, an articulated vehicle such as a tractor-semitrailer is a more complicated dynamic system with coupling effect between the tractor and the semitrailer. Mismatch of system parameters, incorrect design or improper operation may lead to a tractor-semitrailer into instable situations such as jack-knifing, tail-snaking, rollover and sharp-turning. The instability may easily lead to terrible vehicle accidents. In order to analyze the handling stability of a tractor-semitrailer, a dynamic model is established. Based on single lane-change test, the influence of main factors on safety property is analyzed. Research results show that it could improve the handling stability of tractor-semitrailer by reducing the mass of semitrailer, vehicle speed and the distance between tractor centroid and front axle, and by increasing fifth wheel lead and damping coefficient of fifth wheel.


Urban-rural-integration-area is the forfront of urbanization with more and faster changes of land-use structure.Significantly,clarify whether the changes tend to reasonable direction.The solutions to land-use problems will be concluded by combining the 1996-2004 land-use data of urban-rural-integration-area in Liuzhou City and the analysis on Liuzhou characteristics of land-use structure changes relying on mathematical models.


Background: Premature birth is currently a serious problem for obstetrician-gynecologists. Most researcher consider this problem from the standpoint of metabolome disturbances.Aims: determination of the level of bioactive regulators and organic acids with physiological and complicated pregnancy, ending in timely and spontaneous preterm labor, in blood serum and amniotic fluid and revealing the presence of their relationship for the development of premature birth and the condition of newborns.Materials and methods: 72 women were examined, 40 of them with a physiological pregnancy (control group) and 32 with premature labor (the main group). All studies were carried out in the blood serum and amniotic fluid of women of these groups. The content of TGFβ was determined by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Identification and quantitative determination of citric and succinic acids were carried out by the method of capillary electrophoresis.Results: TNFα production in the blood serum of women with preterm labor, decreased by 38%, and the level of citric and succinic acids by 33 and 30%, respectively, compared with the control group. In the amniotic fluid the level of TNFα was increased 2.5 times and TGFβ ― 2.2 times, citric acid ― 79%.Conclusions: The revealed imbalance in the level of cytokines and organic acids studied in that biological fluids can evidently affect the fetal condition, which can be considered as possible markers of perinatal injuries and prognostic indicators of the state of the newborn.


Lots of critics believe that "relationship" could be a central theme for Shakespeare's plays. However, what Shakespeare portrays is not merely the relationship about "love," but also the relationship in a family. This paper therefore aims to discuss the father-son relationship and the father-daughter relationship in the families portrayed in Shakespeare's plays: The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest. I will analyze how the father-son relationship differs from the father-daughter relationship as exploring the love stories taking place in lives of our heroes and heroines. Additionally, I would like to bravely suspect Shakespeare's intention to overturn the patriarchal frame in an exotic territory while depicting the struggle and entanglement of a father character who realizes the lonely emptiness he has to face after fulfilling the happiness of his child.


With the appearance of cell-based services (ATM), new switch-fabric architectures emerge, many of them being cell-based internally. However, the majority of the existing services is still of synchronous nature. When switching both types in the same fabric, the problem of periodic congestion appears. This problem can be solved by shaping the traffic through use of a randomizer. Some possible mechanisms have been studied, and one of them has been elaborated in detail. A side-effect of the randomization is that the order of the data-samples can be disturbed, so that a resequencing becomes necessary. An ASIC device has been developed, implementing this algorithm. This device will enable the smooth introduction of broadband services, while still supporting existing synchronous facilities.<<ETX>>


Stock market and social economy is a kind of deduction of human nature,namely the culture-man-institution logic of social transformation.Mutual benefit culture is the basic principle in market economy and culture of mutual benefit is the main stream culture in the stock market.A healthy development of Chinese stock market depends on the cultural transformation of culture of stock market from self-interest to mutual benefit,which mainly includes government's positioning the function of stock market from circulating funds to investing and circulating funds,investor's transformation from "greater fool" to value investors,the type of listed company from money enclosure to fulfilling social responsibility,etc.Mutual benefit principle should be the premise when seeking profits in the stock market.Thus participant of stock market can realize mutually-winning game structure and the basic function of stock market.


This article involves the problems of stabilization and guaranteed cost control for a class of delayed continuous-time nonlinear systems. The sufficient conditions for the existence of stabilization controllers and guaranteed cost controllers are investigated by constructing a new Lyapunov matrix-based Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. These conditions can be easily verified by using standard compute software (e.g., the toolbox YALMIP of MATLAB), since they are expressed as simple linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, the feasible solutions of these linear matrix inequalities are used to describe the explicit forms of stabilization controllers and guaranteed cost controllers. Finally, the validity of the proposed Lyapunov matrix-based LKF method is tested by two numerical examples.


The effects of amlodipine, a Ca2+-channel blockade, on hemodynamic and hormonal responses to exercise were evaluated in patients with essential hypertension. In 7 patients (WHO stage, I, II), the exercise by bicycle ergometer was done before and after amlodipine treatment (5mg/day, 2-4wk). The hemodynamic responses to exercise were evaluated by changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output measured by UCG, and total peripheral resistance. In addition, plasma norepinephrine concentration (PNE) and renin activity (PRA) were measured at rest and peak exercise. A significant rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure associated with tachycardia was observed during exercise. An increase in cardiac output was also observed, but the total peripheral resistance decreased by exercise. The PNE and PRA were increased by exercise. Amlodipine reduced both basal blood pressure and exercise-induced rise in blood pressure. On the other hand, the basal heart rate and exercise-induced increase in heart rate were not affected by amlodipine treatment. These changes were similar to those in pretreatment of amlodipine. Amlodipine did not produce any significant changes in PNE both at rest and during exercise. Although the PRA at rest was increased by amlodipine treatment, the increase in PRA induced by exercise was unaffected by amlodipine. These findings indicate that amlodipine might have some different effects on hemodynamics and hormones compared with the other Ca2+-channel blockades which produce an enhanced response of hemodynamics and hormonal system to exercise.


To study the inhibition of methotrexate(MTX) on nitric oxide synthase expression in murine macrophge (RAW264.7 cells). In our experiments, to determine NOS mRNA levels and GTP CH 1 mRNA levels expression with Northern blots, after 8hrs stimulation by LPS, IFNr, MTX, DAHP, BH4. The NO endproducts, nitrite(NO 2 -) and nitrate(NO 3 -) were measured with the Griess reaction to determine GTP CH 1 activity with Duch method. It was found that NOS mRNA and GTP CH 1 mRNA expression were lightly inhibit+ed by MTX in murine macrophage(RAW264.7). MTX caused weakly inhibition of nitrite(NO 2 -), nitrate(NO 3 -) concentration and GTP CH 1 activity. MTX and DAHP combination inhibited strongly not only the NOS mRNA and GTP CH 1 mRNA expression, but also inhibited nitrite(NO 2 -) , nitrate(NO 3 -) concentration and GTP CH 1 activity to a less extent. BH4 was added in the experiment which showed a lightly inhibition to reduction of NO production by MTX and DAHP.


One of the most interesting paradoxes of the application of nuclear energy in Hungary is that although the building, operation, and even the recent lifetime extension of the Paks nuclear power plant has not faced significant social opposition, attempts for siting radioactive waste disposal facilities have been accompanied by a number of social conflicts. The paper reviews the history of radioactive waste management in Hungary from the 1970s until recently. It is found that since the political transition of 1990, top-down technocratic approaches to facility siting have been replaced by the so-called "market approach", which put a strong emphasis on host community support. Most important elements of the latter approach include public information and the provision of generous financial compensation/incentives for host and neighbouring communities. However, analysis of recent Hungarian siting cases shows the weaknesses of the pure market approach, e.g., the lack of transparency and openness regarding national strategies, the lack of accountability, and the focus on financial incentives rather than sustainable development issues.


Building on organizational boundary theories (competence, efficiency, power, and identity), this study examines the boundaries of R&D collaboration, based on a qualitative, comparative case analysis of six long-term R&D relationships within the supplier network of a leading multinational corporation that manufactures electrical devices and systems. The results reveal that competence development, facilitated by trust, enables joint learning and the creation of tacit knowledge in long-term partnerships, and has a central role in boundary formation. Competence and accumulated experience also improve the efficiency of the relationship, which has a central impact on decisions to continue or end the collaboration. Power conception, drawing on resource dependency theory, is dominant in boundary setting only in cases where trust or mutual dependence between partners is low. The boundaries set by identity are based on managerial sensemaking and prior experience, and they tend to be dominant for as long as external demands force managers to re-consider them. First, the study contributes to supplier involvement literature by utilizing firm boundary theories in the context of R&D collaboration. Second, the study contributes to firm boundary literature by complementing the theory with trust and joint learning approaches, and by examining the interplay between different theories. The results also suggest practices that should be at the forefront of managers' thinking when they consider their firms' relational development needs in the context of R&D collaboration. The results also highlight the importance of long-term experience and trust in facilitating collaboration in the relationship. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The cmc's of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/Triton X-100 surfactant mixtures were determined by surface tension measurement at various surfactant compositions. The cmc values were lower than those predicted from ideal mixture. The regular solution theory was applied to calculate the interaction parameter, micellar composition, and the activity coefficients of surfactants in the mixed micelle. The interaction parameter () was - 2.1. The nonideality arised largely from decreased activity of SDS in the mixed micelle. The mean aggregation numbers () and micropolarity of hydrocarbon region of the mixed micelles were determined by luminescence probe techniques. The total aggregation number () in mixed micelles showed little dependency on the composition of the micelle. The apparent dielectric constant of the hydrocarbon region of the micelle vs micellar composition plot showed positive deviation from linearity. Emission and emission quenching of excited tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(Ⅱ) cation, , by methylviologen () were also investigated in the mixed micellar solutions. The quenching rate was lowest when the mole fraction of SDS in the surfactant mixtures () is about 0.25 and highest at = 0.85. This was explained in terms of combined effects of binding of the cations with the micelle and mobility of the bound cations on the surface of the micelles.


AKI is a major concern in the management of candidates for liver transplantation. Post-LT AKI is associated with worse short- and long-term recipient and graft outcomes and the subsequent development of chronic kidney disease (CKD ).Most of the studies done on this are on deceased donor Liver transplant ,or if done on Living donor are retrospective in nature & there is inconsistency in studies regarding definition of AKI
 To assess incidence, risk factor and outcomes of patient developing acute kidney injury(AKI) in patients undergoing living donor liver transplant(LT).

 This is a single center prospective study. Patients over age of 18 years undergoing living donor liver transplant were selected consecutively from Jan 19 to April 19, prospectively followed for 1 month post op to assess incidence of AKI(Early-<=7,Late >7 to <30) & reassessed at 3 months for persistence of renal dysfunction .Patients with fulminant liver failure, those undergoing combined liver kidney transplant & who died within first 72 hour post-LT were excluded .AKI was defined by KDIGO criteria. Preoperative, Intraoperative & Post operative variables were analysed for risk factor & patient outcomes by regression analysis.

 62 patients underwent LDLT between period of Jan 2019 to April 2019 .22(35%) patients developed AKI .15 (68%) had stage 1 AKI ,5 (23%) Stage 2 & 2(9%) had stage 3 AKI requiring CRRT.14 (64 %) patients had early AKI ,8 (36%) had late AKI.Acute CNI toxicity (3,14%) was most common cause of early AKI.Most common cause of Late AKI was Sepsis (7,11%).Use of vasopressors intra op & Past history of AKI (HRS) were the only statistically significant(p <0.001) risk factors for AKI .The mean ICU stay among patients with AKI was 7.2 ±4.2 days vs 4.5±1.2 days in patients without AKI .Median days to normalization of liver enzymes in non AKI group was 10 days vs 20 days in AKI group.2 (3.2%)patient had persistence of renal dysfunction at 3 month. 7(11.2%) patients died during analysis period, 2(3%) of them from AKI group.

 - Incidence of AKI (35%) was higher in our study as compared to other cohort but lead to CKD in 2 patients . Past history of AKI (HRS) was a significant risk factor for Post op AKI though pre transplant e GFR did not differ in both group. Although AKI was transient but it lead to increase ventilator stay ,ICU stay and prolonged normalization of graft function in patients undergoing Living donor liver transplant.


The present invention relates to the use of an amine of the formula (I) as hardener for epoxy resins, to hardeners for epoxy resins containing the amine of the formula (I) and to resultant epoxy resin compositions which more particularly can be used as low-emission room-temperature-curing epoxy-resin coatings with high hardness and surface quality. The amine of the formula (I) has little odour and is a very successful diluent for epoxy resin compositions. It is more particularly obtained by reductive alkylation from 1,2-propylenediamine and an aldehyde or ketone.


A rapid, routine method is described for determining Iattice constants of medium precision from single crystals with the conventional Weissenberg camera. The method involves the determination of a film correction factor, as a function of the reflection angle d, from the powder pattern of a standard calibration substance exposed on the zero-level Weissenberg film of the single crystal. Lattice constants are obtained by the Bradley and Jay graphical extrapolation method. The experimental results on quartz and colemanite indicate that a precision of about 2 to 4parts in 10,000 may be easily attained, and that the method is probably inherently capable of giving more precise results.


The aim of this work was to inhibit the heat- and moisture- induced yellowing of ECF/TCF bleached hard wood kraft pulp (HBKP) retaining hexenuronic acid (HexA). We have already reported that one of the derivatives of HexA, 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), causes yellowing of HBKP in acidic paper, and that FFA might polymerize or react with pulp components to form new chromophoric groups (1). In this study, it was shown that the carboxylic base of FFA interacts with that of glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, resulting in strong yellowing. Therefore, it seems that preventing the reaction of carboxylic bases could be effective in suppressing this yellowing. We have discovered that polycarboxylic acids (for example, citric acid, tartaric acid, etc.) are useful as a yellowing inhibitor.


The present invention relates to a method and system for delivering drugs to the systemic circulation. This method, a predetermined time, the drug depot established patient's skin and / or subcutaneous tissue by applying a transdermal drug delivery system onto the skin of the patient, drug depots of the user skin and / or subcutaneous comprising to be formed in the tissue. Heating source is disposed in close proximity to the skin area, when it is necessary to increase the drug concentration in the systemic circulation quickly, quickly release the bolus drug into the systemic circulation from the depot.


Objective To study the relationship between the expression of glutathione stransferase л(GST л)in ovarian cancer tissue and the clinical and pathological result.Methods The expression of GST л in 77 cases of ovarian cancer, 30 ovarian benign tumors was determined by using immunohistochemical SP method.Results (1)Positive expression with GST л was 52.38% in malignant tumors having chemotherapy before operations, 32.14% in having no chemotherapy and 6.67% in benign ovarian tumors( P0.01 ).(2)The expression of GST л was significantly higher in poor differentiation malignant than others( P0.01 ).Conclusion The expression of GST л in patients with ovarian carcinoma is closy related to the chemo sensitivities and the prognosis of the disease.


Objective To assess the diagnostic value of susceptibility-weighted imaging(SWI) for cerebrovascular malformations.Methods A total of 21 cases with cerebrovascular malformations were performed on by routine 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and SWI,among which 5 also underwent time of flight MR angiography(TOF-MRA),1 contrast-enhanced MRA(CE-MRA)and 7 routine gadopentetate dimeglumine(Gd-DTPA)-enhanced MR scan.SWI,a new high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging technique,used gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state(GRASS) sequence to cover the whole brain;primitive data were transferred to the Advantage Workstation 4.2 (AW4.2,GE Medical Systems)and processed;minimum intensity projection(Min-IP)images were generated to demonstrate the complete morphology of veins.Results Among the 21 cases with cerebrovascular malformations,arteriovenous malformations(AVM,n=4),venous malformations(n=8) and cavernous hemangiomas(n=9)were all showed clearly on SWI images.Routine MRI and MRA of the 4 cases with AVM were in accordance with SWI;the 8 cases of venous malformations were not shown by routine MRI and MRA,but abnormal malformed veins were shown on images of 3 among the 5 cases undergoing contrast-enhanced MR scan,also in accordance with what SWI observed;7 among 9 cases of cavernous hemangiomas shown by SWI were discovered by routine MRI,but SWI demonstrated clearer profiles of tumors than routine MRI did.Conclusion SWI plays an important role in diagnosing cerebrovascular malformations,especially in early detection of small AVM,venous malformations and cavernous hemangiomas and the resulting bleeding or cerebral microbleed when other diagnostic approaches are useless.


In the present study the occurrence and the possibility of inducing "test-wiseness" have been studied. The study has been cross-sectional and has been carried out in grades 6 and 9 in the compulsor ...


Compared to other multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies, the Packed U -Cells (PUC) inverter is capable of generating more levels with less components. Thus, this paper investigates the operation of a 5-level PUC (PUC5) inverter supplying an RL load in both open-loop and closed-loop operations based on its averaged dynamical model. The aim is to prove that the self-balancing, a natural feature of the converter, could be obtained by the selection of a regular phase-shift between two carrier signals when applying a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. Moreover, a nonlinear feedback scheme is proposed to ensure fast balancing of the capacitor voltage and good tracking of the output voltage reference. Simulations results are presented to show the performance of the proposed techniques in ensuring self-balancing of the capacitor voltage and high tracking quality of the desired values.


We discuss successive approximation techniques for the investigation of solutions of fractional differential equations with $psi$-Hilfer fractional derivative. Next, we present the continuous dependence of a solution for the given Cauchy-type problem.


This article provides a historical context for Placido de Montoliu's Eurhythmics instruction at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, between 1913–1922 and 1930–1931, and it highlights pedagogical and philosophical principles that shaped his approach. The research is based on noncirculating, historical documents at the Bryn Mawr College Library Archives. Examples include Placido de Montoliu's class schedule, contracts, letters, catalogues, student records, photographs, newspaper clippings, and alumni newsletters. Also referenced are Montoliu's two essays, "The Meaning of Eurhythmics" and "Concepts of Time, Measure and Rhythm," written in 1931 for Overtones, at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia, where Montoliu taught between 1925–1940. In an earlier article the author established Montoliu as one of the first of Dalcroze's students to bring Eurhythmics instruction to America and the first to integrate Eurhythmics fully into an American college curriculum. The present study centers on Montoliu's assertions that rhythm should be the basis for a child's first music learning experience and that it should be taught through aural and kinesthetic experience, as opposed to learning through written notation. Montoliu sought to create the "condition" of rhythm in his students through exercises in movement. Within his curriculum, he integrated hearing, singing, reading, coordination, and response. Hand-held percussion instruments were used to simulate ensemble experience, and children were invited to direct the group. Instruction culminated in semiannual demonstrations before the community. Equally important to the development of the child's coordination and muscle control was cultivation of her artistic temperament. He also placed value on student attention, effort, seriousness, concentration, and interest in Eurhythmics.


The plasmon absorption band of 6-nm silver particles in aqueous solution is blue-shifted and strongly broadened upon the adsorption of phosphine, PH 3 . The effects are more pronounced in alkaline than acidic solution. In alkaline solution, the adsorption is completely irreversible. Upon aging of the silver solutions containing PH i , hydrogen and phosphate are generated in the mole ratio 4: 1. A mechanism is proposed for the catalytic action of the silver particles in the reaction of phosphine with water, in which donation of electron density from absorbed phosphine into the silver particles is an important step. Conductivity measurements indicate that phosphine in alkaline solution is adsorbed as PH 2 -