Thrombosis of the venous channels in the brain accounts for 0·5% of all stroke and is an uncommon cause of cerebral infarction relative to arterial disease but is an important consideration because of its potential morbidity 1 The aim of this study is to evaluate the D-Dimer as a screening tool for the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis. Aims and Objectives: To study the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis. To evaluate the role of D-Dimer in the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis. To find corelation if any between levels of D-Dimer, duration of symptoms and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis. Discussion Epidemiology of Cerebral Venous Thromsosis Age and Sex: In the present study the average age of presentation for patients with cerebral venous thrombosis was 29.79+SD 12.1414 years. The youngest patient was of 14 years while the oldest was of 63 years. Clinical Features: In the present study headache was the most common symptom seen in 91.6% of all patients. Other symptoms include seizures (79%), focal nuerological deficit (50%), diffuse encephalopathy (29.1%), fever (29.1%), and dimunition of vision (8.3%). Outcome: In the 24 patients evaluated in our study, 17 (70.83%) patients had complete recovery in 1 month whereas 5 (20.83%) had persistent deficit at the end of 1 month. Complete recovery at one month was seen in 80% of male patients and 78.95% in female patients. The mortality rate in our study of CVT was found to be 8.33%. Factors associated with increased mortality were presence of sepsis and seizures. D-Dimer levels in cerebral venous thrombosis: In the present study the D-Dimer levels were found to be elevated in 22 out of the 24 patients evaluated. The mean value of D-Dimer for patients with cerebral venous thrombosis was found to be 1.815417 + SD 1.498352 mcg/ml and that of controls was found to be 0.41433 + SD 0.234403 mcg/ml. The difference between the values of cases and controls was found to be statistically significant with 'p' value < 0.001. Mean (cases)Mean (controls) = 1.401054 with 95% confidence interval between 0.84 to 1.95708. Summary & Conclusions: The present study evaluated 24 patients of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and 30 age and sex matched controls. The risk factors, clinical presentations, and duration of symptoms of both the groups were determined. The level of D-dimer were determined for both cases and controls and its significance was tested by statistical analysis. The mean age for cases of CVT in the present study was 29.79 years. Females accounted for 79.16 % of cases and were affected at a younger age in comparision with males. The male: female ratio in the study was 1:3.8. Average duration of symptoms before presentation in the present study was 5.67 + SD 4.26 days. www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.91


This paper analyzes the effect of the parameter variation on the flux weakening controller which utilizes the difference between the outputs of the current regulator and the PWM block. To perform this analysis, the parameter variation is modeled as a disturbance, and a Bode plot and a time domain response is presented. From the result, it can be known that the flux weakening algorithm itself is robust, but the current controller is subject to the parameter variation. A method to overcome this problem is presented, and the results are verified by computer simulation and experimental results.


Objective To realize the level of 220Rn and its progeny concentrations and annual effective dose from 220Rn in different areas in China.Methods Rn and its progeny concentrations, outdoors and indoors, were obtained by using Rn - Tn solid state nuclear track detectors developed by Nagoya University, Japan, and potential energy analysis method.The annual effective dose from Rn and its progenies were calculated using the conversion coefficient from UNSCEAR 1996 report. Results Rn and its progeny concentrations in Beijing, Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Pingliang are LLD - 1326 Bq-m-3, LID - 4.7 EEC Bq-m-3 (indoors), and LLD - 2.2 EEC Bq-m-3 (outdoors) , respectively. The annual effective dose from 220Rn and its progenies calculated using preliminary measurement results is 0.18 - 0.60mSv/a, being about 13.1 % - 55.6% of the total annual effective dose from 222Rn,220 Rn and their progenies. Rn and its progeny concentrations depend on the content of Th in soil.The main factors affecting Rn indoors arc the content of 232Th in the building materials and the 220Rn emanation rates. Conclusions 220Rn concentrations indoors and outdoors in China are higher than the average of the world which correlated with Th content in soil.


Corrosion resistant films were prepared on flame-resistant Mg–6Al–1Zn–2Ca (in mass%) alloy by steam coating using ultra pure water as steam source. The prepared films were characterized using SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. Corrosion resistance of the film was estimated by polarization curve measurement in 5 mass% NaCl aqueous solution. All XRD patterns of the films coated Mg–6Al–1Zn–2Ca alloy revealed that all films were composed of crystalline Mg(OH)2 and Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH). FT-IR spectra showed that the Mg–Al LDH had carbonateand nitrate-ions in the interlayer. Potentiodynamic polarization curves of the film prepared at 433 K for 6 h indicated that the corrosion current density decreased by more than four orders of magnitude as compared to that of the uncoated Mg–6Al–1Zn–2Ca alloy. (Received May 22, 2017 Accepted July 17, 2017)


sacrifices objectivity in the rush to sell his stand and, like many advocates, fails to describe fairly the opposition's view. Mr. Trager praises the decision to bomb the North but calls it " long-overdue." He questions the advisability (or morality) of allowing any Viet Cong representation in negotiations or in a future settlement. Thus, like so many who argue from a " hawkish " posture, no alternative to complete victory is left, and, not surprisingly, Mr. Trager seems to have considerable confidence in that outcome.


Tinto (1975) created a college persistence model emphasizing institutional academic and social integration that continues to guide U.S. postsecondary retention strategies. This longitudinal study followed 584 first-year college students from diverse backgrounds, testing for group differences in the relationship that Tinto's key constructs have on college persistence over time for U.S.-White, U.S.-minority, and immigrant-origin groups. We found significant positive associations between academic integration and intention to persist for all ethnic groups, but group differences in social integration and intention to persist. Additionally, intention to persist was a significant predictor of actual persistence for all groups, suggesting predictive power overall.


This study investigated the differences between Korean middle school and high school students in their use of learning strategies and beliefs while they have learned English as a foreign language. Data was collected from 177 students in a middle school and a high school in Daejeon, Korea. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS to validate the responses. Major findings of the study were as follows: First, middle school students used more compensation and social strategies than high school students. Second, there were significant differences between the two groups in motivation and reasons for learning English. Third, there were no meaningful differences in the learning beliefs among the middle school and high school students. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that group activities are highly recommended for middle school students, as these students prefer to use social and communicative strategies more than high school students.


In order to study the processes by which rich clusters and highmass stars form and evolve, we started a large scale molecular line and mmcontinuum survey of Cygnus X, one of the richest and most active regions of our Galaxy. From this ongoing survey, we use molecular line observations (FCRAO, IRAM 30m) to investigate the relationship between molecular gas and the dust as seen in recently published IRAC and MIPS data of the DR21/W75 region. 1. Cygnus X Cygnus X is one of the most active regions of high mass star formation in the Milky Way. It contains several OB associations (including the richest known in the Galaxy, Cygnus OB2), a large number of H II regions (DR4-23), and many bright IR sources believed to be young high mass stars or protostars. The molecular gas mass of the large scale network of clouds in the local and Perseus arm totals several 10 M⊙. In an unbiased survey, we observed Cygnus X in molecular lines of CO isotopomers, CS, N2H + (FCRAO), as well as in various tracers of dense/hot cores, outflows, and the mm-continuum (IRAM 30m). 2. Molecular line and mid-IR Correlation Figure 1 shows CO 1–0 observed with the FCRAO overlaid to IRAC and MIPS images from Spitzer (Marston et al. 2004). The mid-IR data reveal deeply embedded objects and candidate protostars, warm dust in emission, mainly extended PAH emission at 8 μm, and the extended DR21 outflow in the 4.5 μm band. Our molecular line data show striking correlations with mid-IR continuum emission and, towards the locations of highest column density (e.g., along the ridge north of DR21 and in the southern part of the MIPS image), dark 153


This essay responds to the exchange between Jodi Dean and Stephen Healy at the 2013 Rethinking Marxism International Conference. By shifting ever so slightly the debate about "whether or not we need a communist party" to the question of what such "communist partying" actually entails, it seeks to focus attention on the question of communist method, practice, and responsibility. What does it mean to "party" like a communist? What are the key tasks that a communist party needs to take up, and which of them can we—as individuals and as members of existing organizations and networks—take up where we are now? How can we transform our praxis, our organizations, our audiences, and ourselves in advance of the formation of a formal communist party?


Abstract A new permethylation reaction is described. This reaction is applicable for sequencing biologically important oligopeptides by means of mass spectrometry. The technique is illustrated-with a tetrapeptide that cannot be sequenced as easily by other methods.


This paper re-considers the importance of trade openness for equilibrium determinacy when monetary policy is characterized by interest-rate rules. We develop a two-country, sticky-price model where money enters the utility function in a non-separable manner. Forward- and current-looking policy rules that react to domestic or consumer price inflation are analyzed. It is shown that the introduction of real balance effects substantially limits the validity of the Taylor principle and challenges recent conclusions concerning the relative desirability of the inflation indicator targeted.


The creep property of rock salt varies with the mineral gradients and loading level.Through creep experiments on rock salt and glauberite rock salt with different stresses and sample sizes for more than 100 days,the following results,which are elaborately described in the paper,are obtained:(1) under the same stress 7.0 MPa,the creep ratios of glauberite rock salt and rock salt are 8.72×10-6 and 2.38×10-4 d-1 respectively,and the former is only 3.67% of the latter;(2) under different stresses,the creep properties of two kinds of rock salt are different from each other.The rock salt loaded by 7.0 MPa shows a higher creep ratio,which is 2.38×10-4 d-1,while the creep ratio of the sample loaded by 4.0 MPa is 3.77×10-5 d-1,which is only 15.87% of the former;(3) under different stresses,i.e.7.0 and 12.0 MPa,the creep ratio of glauberite rock salt is 8.72×10-6 and 1.12× 10-5 d-1 respectively.The higher the load is,the greater the creep ratio is.Finally,a creep constitutive equation of rock salt is established based on the theoretical analysis;and it fits with the obtained creep data very well.The results obtained and constitutive equation can provide some references for stability analysis of oil and gas storage constructed in bedded salt deposits.


Introduction: Hand skills are essential for children's occupational performance. The Assessment of Children's Hand Skills is a new assessment that utilizes naturalistic observations to capture children's actual hand-skill performance in everyday contexts. This study aimed to explore intra- and inter-rater reliability of the assessment based on video recordings, which are different from original naturalistic observations. Method: Two raters scored video recordings of 54 hand-skill activities performed by 12 children with developmental disabilities, twice in 2 weeks. Intra- and inter-rater reliability was examined at the individual hand-skill item scores, activity scores, and children's composite scores of the Assessment of Children's Hand Skills. Findings: Intra-rater reliability at item levels was generally acceptable, and both raters exhibited moderate to high agreement between the first and second evaluations (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.61–0.93) at activity scores and children's composite scores. However, the agreement between the two raters was unacceptable for most hand-skill items and activity scores. After rater effects were adjusted by Rasch analysis in children's composite scores, the inter-rater reliability was improved (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.81). Conclusion: This study shows that the Assessment of Children's Hand Skills based on video recordings is reliable within the same raters. Further research is required to confirm its inter-rater reliability by involving more training and raters with varied clinical experience.


The paper introduces the principle and characteristic of flash memory, and the connecting circuit of a singlechip computer with the serial flash memory X76F100 circuit. The application of flash memory in the smart instruments and software design is discussed in detail in the paper.


In this paper I analyze the popularity and proliferation of New Urbanism within the context of a post-industrial urban political economy. By looking at the production of Northwest Landing, a New Urban development, I consider the post-industrial company town as one way to understand how political and economic processes are structured into the landscape. Because it focuses solely on spatial arrangements, and therefore on those who design particular configurations of space, New Urbanism effectively ignores the broader social and economic processes that both constrain and enable particular agents. I suggest that by attending to the broad appeal of New Urbanism without losing sight of the specific context within which projects such as Northwest Landing are created, our focus shifts from simply imagining what a better way of life might look like to critically analyzing the processes that prevent or facilitate the attainment of New Urbanism's normative ideals.


Plants perform numerous critical ecosystem services and are essential to wildlife, yet despite their important role, they are poorly recognized in most state Wildlife Action Plans (WAPs). The creation and implementation of WAPs in 2005 signaled a new era in conservation, yet as developed and formally funded these plans can reference only free-ranging fauna and the definition of species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) specifically exclude plants. A recent study and analysis of state WAPs by NatureServe verified the currently limited role for plants, but recommended that plants could achieve a greater role by continuing to develop and add plant-specific components to existing wildlife plans. To that end, the purpose of this project was to take part in a multi-state effort through NatureServe to improve the incorporation of plant-specific components and plant conservation strategies into the Michigan WAP. The thrust of the Michigan project was to provide information on Michigan's rare flora that would promote the role of plants by focusing on climate change and additional tools to assist the state WAP. This project was designed to complement similar efforts taking place in North Dakota, New Jersey, Montana, and Colorado. The first component of this project was comprised of determining climate change vulnerabilities for a set of priority rare plant taxa and additional species important to wildlife as suggested by DNR biologists. The second component of the project consisted of augmenting the landscape features crosswalk created by the state WAP by expanding the crosswalk to include the state's 420 listed rare taxa. The third basic component of the project was a spatial analysis to aid in highlighting conservation gaps to assist in identifying potential future priority areas and to augment the information assembled in the expanded landscape features crosswalk. For the climate component, 76 species were assessed using the NatureServe Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment (CCVI) calculator. A majority of the species assessed was determined to be vulnerable to climate change, include more than half of the common species assessed. The landscape features crosswalk was incorporated into a database, and then joined to a rare plant species-natural community crosswalk embedded in the Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) Rare Species Explorer. This database was then augmented with information on each rare plant species, primarily with regard to describing habitat but also incorporated conservation and management considerations. Selected spatial analyses indicated that defined high quality areas contribute disproportionately to rare plant richness and diversity in Michigan and thus are worthy of strong consideration for contributing to WAP activities and goals. In concert with the currently proposed Biodiversity Stewardship Areas, these delineated landscapes can contribute significantly to the Michigan WAP. Table of


We show that the ropelength of any alternating conformation is at least 4 times the crossing number of its knot type. This is a generalization of the known result for reduced alternating conformations. In addition we give lower bounds on the ropelength contribution of twists.


This paper addresses a torque control method in a high friction robot manipulator. A stiction feed-forward compensator is proposed to eliminate the control problem caused by the nonlinear friction and disturbance. In order to control a robot manipulator with unknown effects, a time-delay control method is used to control the torque. One degree of freedom flexible joint robot manipulator with a joint torque sensor is used to show the performance of the proposed control method.


Based on the theory of sustainable development,according to system dynamics( SD),selecting Jinghe County as an example,software VENSIM5. 11 A was used to construct SD model of water resource supply and demand status. Through adjusting parameters of social economy,population,eco-environment,three schemes were proposed. Under the premise of protecting eco-environment and ecological safety in Ebinur Lake basin,the optimal scheme appropriate for economic,social and environment sustainable development was obtained,which will provide scientific basis for city development decision-makers.


The concept of landscape, as an interpretative and design device, is particularly useful to recognize the implicit transformative potential into the hybrid and widespread condition of contemporary city and territory. In this sense, to recycle places and materials, and more generally the urban regeneration is not more an isolate act, but a process to build new material and immaterial networks. The reflections by this paper speak about the participation in an Ideas Context finalized to regenerate the public spaces in an urban centre of Napoli's Metropolitan City. This project is not only an opportunity to rethink the urban design, but the intention is to build a landscape network able to penetrate and engage the two principal territorial systems, urban and rural, working on continuity elements, identity paths, limits and moreover on the relational dimension of spaces and urban functions.


ABSTRACT China benefits, at the expense of US interests, by claiming its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a green project. However, BRI projects so far have contributed to emissions that will push global warming past the internationally agreed limit of 2 degrees Celsius. For electricity generation, Chinese policy banks primarily support environmentally damaging coal-fired and hydropower projects. Other Chinese infrastructure projects also carry environmental concerns, because of China's weak foreign investment standards. To combat China's false claims of environmental leadership, the United States should: 1) publicize BRI's environmental impacts in multilateral forums and offer technical assistance to countries along the Belt and Road, 2) partner with allies to provide greener infrastructure investment alternatives, and 3) encourage China to strengthen the environmental and social governance standards for its development assistance. These policies aim to demonstrate the harm BRI poses, highlight the benefits of diplomatic engagement with the United States, and hold China to a higher standard of environmental quality in its global infrastructure investments.


spiritual love. Rather, the real secret of this love is man himself. The fundamental theme is that all the predicates applied to the idea of God are really predicates of man. The tragedy of religion, according to Feuerbach, is that man does not realize that the objectifications he has painted upon the absoluteness of objectivity are really images of his own nature. He has assigned reality to the illusion. He attributes more reality to his idea of God than he does to his own concrete existence. This prevents him from seeing man as the true ens realissimum. It keeps him from loving man as man. Therefore, religion is the cause of alienation. Although it serves the function of bringing man to his full selfconsciousness, in our modern times it has alienated man from his true self. FEUERBACH, BARTH, AND THEOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY 27 In Hegel, from whom Feuerbach learned this concept, alienation is grounded in the reality of the metaphysical dialectic of the absolute spirit. Feuerbach reduces alienation to the process of the human consciousness coming to full realization of itself as part of the species. It is a fully human process. In the process of coming to consciousness man turns away from himself and relates to the objectifications of himself as if they had independent objectivity. It is the irony of this process that man tries to escape from himself into the illusion of his own objectified nature projected into an infinite, absolute dimension which has no real existence in the concrete, material world. There is no metaphysical alienation and no alienation from the holy transcendent God. Rather, in religion man is actually alienated from himself." The actual reality of metaphysics and revelation is reduced to the reality of the concrete existing man becoming conscious of himself as a member of the species. The ultimate reality of religion is not the transcendent God, but man himself. Feuerbach does not wish to destroy religion. Rather, religion must be freed from its subjection to the illusory objectifications which man has projected. Religion must be evaluated anew in light of the service it should perform for a common humanity. Feuerbach has a positive view of Christianity because in it one can see the goal of all religion. Christianity not only has the idea of God as person, but this person has actually become incarnate in a human person in history. Thus in Christianity one can see the true concern of religion: So far the Christian religion may justly be called the absolute religion. That God, who in himself is nothing else than the nature of man, should also have a real existence as such, should be an object of the consciousness-this is the goal of religion; and this the Christian religion has attained in the incarnation of


The more common situations both in field and in laboratory involve nonorthogonal fractures of unequal aperture. The effect of crack shape in stagnant pool on solute tracer and the corresponding change of transport character are discussed especially. Random tracer particle method is adopted,which considers convection and diffusive steps. Numerical experiments are conducted in a homogeneous conductivity field. Simulations with different degrees of diffusion are used to compare their effect on solute transport result,i.e. character of breakthrough curves. The effects of geometric shape of fracture in stagnant pool and relative molecular diffusion degree on the solute transport are analyzed according to the characters of different breakthrough curves. Results indicate that,in the single fracture without stagnant pool,the solute pours out almost at the same time;for the same diffusion scale,the peak value of the breakthrough curves of the fractures with a deeper or wider stagnant pool decreases obviously and the tail of the curve increases. The results also demonstrate that the breakthrough curves have similar characters under the condition of higher scale of molecular diffusion.


Humans have impacted most of the Earth's surface, and lake sediments are a particularly useful means of examining that impact because they preserve biologic, geologic, and chemical data in a continuous record progressing back in time (Dietl et al., 2015). Aquatic ecosystems are more susceptible to the effects of pollution than terrestrial ecosystems, because they have less relative biomass spread over a higher order of trophic levels. Among aquatic ecosystems, lakes are especially sensitive because they serve as receptacles for effluents. (Forstner and Wittman, 1983). This study examines heavy metal pollution in three Wisconsin lakes spanning a range of environmental and human influence: Sparkling Lake is the least impacted and is found in sparsely populated northern Wisconsin; Shadow Lake, located in a small urban environment in central Wisconsin, is moderately impacted and has been chemically remediated; and Lake Monona is the most impacted in southern Wisconsin in a large urban environment.


Numerous of free-form buildings come up with external appearances using various types of free-form panels. If the panel types produced, transport and installation order and maintenance history are not properly managed, it is difficult to complete a given project successfully. For free-form building projects that satisfy 5 factors (proper time, place, price, product and quantity), a supply chain management technique is applied for distribution management of free-form concrete panels. In addition, the study listed the whole production process of free-form concrete panels and any necessary information, and suggested a basic model for the management. The study result will be a great help in effective distribution management of free-form panels for free-form building projects.


Objective To explore the knowledge of STD/AIDS and high-risk behaviors related to HIV/AIDS among female sex workers in a community of Guangdong province. To provide information for making STD/AIDS-related policies and strategies. Methods A town in the middle of Guangdong province was selected and 139 female sex workers were interviewed face-to-face. Results The awareness rate of the STDs symptoms for female and male was 14.4% and 18.0%, respectively. 86.1% reported using condom consistently. Conclusions The STD/AIDS-related knowledge was little among female sex workers in the community, and there were some high-risk sex behaviors. Health education and behavioral intervention were in urgent need to improve their knowledge about HIV/AIDS and prevent HIV from high-risk groups to general population.


Objective: To study the effect of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) on the recovery of motor function in the patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods: 128 patients with acute stroke were divided into two groups randomly: rTMS group(n=64) and control group(n=64).Two groups were received routine pharmacotherapy and recovery education.Additional,rTMS group was received low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.Motion evoked potential(MEP),center motion conduction time(CMCT),NIHSS score,Fugl-Meyer score(FMA) and Barthel index(BI) of the two groups were compared.Results: After treatment,the MEP,CMCT,NIHSS score,Fugl-Meyer score and Barthel index of both groups were improved(all P0.05).Compared with control group,the MEP of rTMS group was better,the CMCT,NIHSS score of rTMS group were lower,the Fugl-Meyer score and Barthel index of rTMS group were higher(all P0.05).Conclusion: Low-rTMS can elevate excitability of motor nervous system,cut down CMCT of the patients.Moreover,Low-rTMS treatment improve neurologic deficits and enhance motor function and activities of daily living of the patients with acute cerebral infarction.


Sidewall morphology on three-dimensional (3D) tungsten structures grown with focused ion beam-induced chemical vapor deposition (FIB-CVD) using tungsten hexacarbonyl [W(CO)6] was improved with a milling process by using FIB treatment subsequent to growth. As a result, Young's modulus was measured at 300 GPa at maximum and density was measured at 13.0×103 kg/m3. Young's modulus increased 35% after heat treatment at 600 °C in a vacuum while density did not change. Transmission electron microscopy revealed crystallization of tungsten trioxide after the heat treatment.


Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure. Physical inactivity, (a lack of physical activity) is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, and overall is estimated to cause 1.9 million deaths globally. Regular physical activity – such as walking, cycling, or dancing – has significant benefits for health. For instance, it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis, it also control weight and promote psychological well-being. Everyone should engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity every day. More activity may be required for weight control.


Important accomplishments have been realized in the treatment of many chronic diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, and inflammatory bowel disease, with the beginning of use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFAI) in clinical practice. On the other hand, TNFAI have been associated with many side effects, such as increased frequency of infections, neutropenia, local reactions, triggered autoimmunity, and increased risk of malignancy (1).


Aiming at the demand for precise positioning of underwater device in marine controllable source electromagnetic (CSEM) exploration system, an underwater acoustic positioning method with one shipborne interrogator and two GPS buoys is proposed. Using numerical simulation method, the influence of ranging deviation and attitude angle deviation on the system positioning accuracy is studied. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method, which lays a theoretical basis for equipment development and test measurement.


The Little Pueblo of Tiripetío lies at the foot of a mountain near Morelia in the state of Michoacán. Its Indian name means "place of gold", but the adobe houses with their straw roofs plus a general appearance of shabbiness belie such a title. Tiripetío, however, was not always a ghost town. In the sixteenth century it pulsed with life and activity. The life of the place centered about a convent of Augustinian friars, with its adjoining church, hospital and school. The name Vera Cruz is closely linked with this convent and school as with many other educational activities in sixteenth century Mexico. But like Tiripetío itself, which marked the scene of his early labours, the name of Alonso de la Vera Cruz has fallen into obscurity and today counts little, even with historians of his own Order. The recent work of Oswaldo Robles, a translation of one of Vera Cruz's philosophic treatises, the Physica Speculano, (vd. The Americas, October 1944, under article: "Fray Alonso de la Vera Cruz and the Beginnings of Philosophic Speculation in the Americas".) is truly a step in the right direction. It can only be hoped that the relatively settled political set-up in Mexico will open the way for a more thorough search for historical data on outstanding figures like Alonso de la Vera Cruz. The present article attempts, from the sources now at hand, to synthesize the many and varied activities in the field of education in which Vera Cruz engaged and to give an interpretation of the influence he exerted in the field of learning and in the development of the philosophic thought of his day in Mexico.


This study attempts to examine the chances that South Africa's President Thabo Mbeki has in changing the unbalanced relations between the powerful countries of the North and the marginalised developing world. In doing so, it investigates how the leaders of Northern countries received the New Africa Initiative which was launched by a group of African heads of states, including Mbeki, at the G-8 summit in Genoa in July 2001. Unlike preceding works, this study takes a systemic perspective. The power relations in international affairs are pointed out with specific consideration of South Africa's status as an emerging middle power in the international system. Special recognition is furthermore given to the question as to whether there is currently a global re-think under way about globalisation, the ideology of neo-liberalism and the interaction with poor countries in the global political economy. The study comes to the conclusion that despite the fact that South Africa as a middle power is subordinate to the powerful countries of the North when it comes to effecting global change, and despite the outcomes of Genoa that do not indicate that an equitable global order is close, there are considerable trends and developments visible which support what Mbeki is trying to achieve. As a consequence, it is contended that his "Global Initiative" has a much better chance of being successful than the plea for a New International Economic Order in the 1970s. 11 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


OBJECTIVE
To describe growth before and after menarche.

DESIGN
Nine hundred five fourth grade school girls were identified as a closed cohort from the first semester of 1993 for the observational study of the onset of menarche and its predictive factors.

SETTINGS
Eight elementary schools in Taipei City and Taipei County, Taiwan.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires and school records. Height and weight were measured in September, January, February, and June, or only in September and February of each year.

RESULTS
All subjects remained in the cohort until sixth grade, 410 of whom had their first menstruation before graduating from elementary school. Height, weight, and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) at each time point were plotted against 2 time scales: chronological age and time from the onset of menarche. Growth velocity of height and weight across the onset of menarche was assessed with slope change using the mixed-effect model analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
The results support the hypothesis that height velocity reaches a peak 1 year before menarche but height velocity stopped increasing within 1 year after menarche. The change in weight velocity reveals no obvious growth spurt at age of menarcheal onset.


The results of time‐resolved Stokes shift measurements are compared to a molecular theory of ionic solvation dynamics recently solved by Rips, Klafter, and Jortner [J. Chem. Phys. 88, 3246 (1988)]. Although the theoretical predictions show only semiquantitative agreement with experiment, this molecularly based model provides a satisfying framework for understanding the large departures observed from the behavior predicted by simple continuum treatments of solvation dynamics.


In this paper, we study the inverse spectral problem for Sturm-Liouville equations with boundary conditions polynomially dependent on the spectral parameter and establish a uniqueness theorem with the mixed spectral data. In addition, we obtain three corollaries of the uniqueness theorem for the above boundary value problem. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 34A55, 34B24, 47E05.


This paper is to expound the Zhenshi Neo Taoism's profound influence on the content and style of argumentation. Due to the shake of Confucian value system, Neo Taoism was prevailing. Metaphysicist paid much attention to logic training and idle talk, which cause the argumentation to process its characteristics as: unique points in assertions, accurate inference in logic, graceful language and harmonious tune in the manner of writing.


Force majeure can cause a significant change in circumstances, which is the basis for termination or change of the contract, and,ultimately, leads to the termination of the obligation (its termination) or the preservation of the obligation in a modified form. Legalregulation of the legal consequences of a significant change in the circumstances that exist at the conclusion of the contract is usuallybased on one of two key principles of contract law: the principle, according to which contracts must be performed (pacta sunt servanda), or clause (clausula rebus sic stantibus). The legislation of foreign countries contains rules, according to which "a change of circumstancesmay justify a change in the contract, when the preservation of the contract in its original form leads to extraordinary results,incompatible with justice". The main consequences of a significant change in the circumstances that guided the parties in concludingthe contract are:– actually change the contract, ie change the terms of the contract (and as a consequence – the obligations between the parties)while maintaining the contract in force;– and termination of the contract by agreement of the parties.If the parties do not agree to bring the contract in line with the circumstances that have changed significantly, or to terminate it,the contract may be terminated on the grounds, established by the Central Committee of Ukraine, amended by a court decision at therequest of the interested party: at the conclusion of the contract the parties proceeded from the fact that such a change of circumstanceswill not occur; the change of circumstances is due to reasons, which the interested party could not eliminate after their occurrence withall the care and diligence, required of it.Today, in our country, as in many countries around the world, there is a situation that makes it impossible to fulfill the contractualobligations related to the introduction of national quarantine in connection with the pandemic of coronavirus (COVID-19). The governmentof our state has also resorted to resolving the situation with the introduction of quarantine on the territory of Ukraine.


Cyberinfrastructure (CI) Facilitation is the process of helping researchers to use research computing systems and services to advance their computing/data-intensive research goals. The growing need for CI Facilitation isn't being met by traditional academic degree/certificate programs, so informal education is required. Since 2015, the Virtual Residency Program (VRP) has been teaching key CI Facilitation skills to pre-service and in-service CI Facilitators, at introductory, intermediate and advanced levels, via a combination of (a) workshops, (b) conference calls, and (c) apprenticeships. The demand for CI Facilitation has expanded exponentially, with the known CI Facilitator population growing from dozens in the late 2000s to over a thousand presently, so the need for this kind of training has become increasingly acute. The 2019 VRP workshop was presented at a combined introductory/intermediate level, with content suitable for both new and experienced CI Facilitators, to attract both of these populations, in many cases presenting the same topic first at the introductory level and then intermediate, to maximize impact. Since 2015, the VRP has served 924 participants from 370 institutions in every US state and 3 US territories plus 11 other countries.


In the case of fracture of the os calcis due to contraction of the muscles which has been described, although infection set in at the operative site, the patient made a complete recovery. She is able to walk considerable distances even though the tendo achillis was not lengthened.


Bronchoscopy is one of the most effective methods in diagnosis of lung cancer.We have been making researches and developed the prototype of a new Flexible-Broncho-Fiberscope since 1965.At this time of accomplishment of this new fiberscope, we make the report on its specification and clinical experience records, as follows:-A. Specification of flexible Broncho-fiber-scope:1. External diameter: 5mm.2. Total length: 75cm.3. Flexibility of the apex: 180 degrees (Possible bending in the form of "U-turn" by remort control system)4. Attachments of the biopsy needle and the mucous anaesthetic tube are equipped.B. Clinical experience records:1. We have applied the operation of frexible broncho-fiberscope to 148 cases from January to August, 1967.2. 89%of 62 lung cancer cases have been visible with this instrument.3. We have taken motion-pictures of these cases which are to be put on exhibition.


The new fourth edition of this book is a readable, short, concise explanation and approach to insulin-requiring diabetes. Though it is written predominately for the teenager, it will be of considerable help to the parents of a young diabetic. The book stresses that the diabetic patient can live a "normal" life, and this can be accomplished by following a simple system of good health care.


In the process of multi-combination training of basketball,biological indicators including hemoglobin,serum urea, serum testosterone and Cortisol are used to monitor athletic functional status.The results show;the overall trend of Hb gradual increases firstly and then tends to moderate;the concentration of testosterone trends upward throughout the training period;Cortisol increases then decreases in the course of training;BUN is higher than basic state and changes not exceed 8.0mmol/L tend to smooth in the training period.These reflected that functional status appears dynamic changes in the training period.Combination of hemoglobin,blood urea nitrogen,testosterone and Cortisol can monitor the status function of team members accurately;hemoglobin and testosterone levels change similar and can be a basic monitoring indicators for basketball player.The combination of performance and functional status can be more objective in monitoring process.


Using an extension of the Gutzwiller approximation and applying the Bethe-lattice method, we have determined for the one band Hubbard Hamiltonian the magnetic phase diagram, which includes ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, paramagnetic state with local moments, and Pauli paramagnetic phases. To deduce the magnetic properties for electron and hole doped with T c superconductors, we take into account the characteristics of the electron and hole doping and map the two band Hubbard Hamiltonian into one band Hubbard Hamiltonian


There is much speculation today about how rapid economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa is transforming development prospects in the region. However, in terms of a broad, multi-dimensional, understanding of the term 'development', into which social justice must be factored, there are real concerns about whether the undoubted improvements in GDP growth in many countries are strongly connected to urban-located investment and job growth. Many African countries remain poorly placed, in terms of global comparative advantage, to attract significant foreign investment except in primary sectors. The extreme inequality in the ways in which the benefits of current growth are being shared in many countries is another huge problem for the creation of urban employment growth. This article relates these issues to evidence about levels of economic (in)security in many African cities, and to how these have been reflected in a slowing in the rate of urbanization in many countries. It also reviews the evidence about the distribution of incomes in sub-Saharan Africa, and argues that the development of middle classes with their associated higher consumption patterns is minimal as yet. Finally it reflects on the links between internal economic stimuli from, for example, natural-resource based activities including mining and agriculture, and African urban economic development and growth.


The diagnosis of preserved material is based on the characters of the pharynx, buccal cavity and spermathecae in the female, the pharynx, buccal cavity and external genitalia in the male. As has been shown (1930) these characters are not only essential for specific diagnosis, but they also form the basis of a natural classification. In fresh material the granules of the accessory glands of the female genitalia are sometimes an aid to diagnosis. Th two closely related species P. major and P. perniciosus can readily be distinguished by these granules. In the former they are very small and cocoid, in the latter they are larger and more elliptical in form. The males of the erect-haired group can be determined without difficulty. The females of closely related species of the Major group are occasionally difficult to determine, and minor characters have to be employed. External characters are of little value for the diagnosis of living sandflies. In the case of the males, P. papatasii can b recognised by its relatively large external genitalia, and P. sergenti by its very short external genitalia. In the case of the females a few species, e. g. , P. perniciosus and P. major , can be distinguished by their general appearance. Closely related species often differ widely in bionomics and it is essential to distinguish between them because in some cases they may differ in their capacity to transmit disease. The sandflies of the Old World fall into two main groups, those which contain a well-marked armature in the buccal cavity and those which do not. These correspond roughly to the recumbent-haired and erect-haired groups of New-stead.


The infrared spectra of gaseous and polycrystalline CH3NNCH3 and CD3NNCD3 have been recorded from 33 to 4000 cm−1. The corresponding Raman spectra of the liquid and solid samples have been measured from 100 to 4000 cm−1. The vibrational data provide definitive verification of a trans structure with C2h symmetry. A vibrational assignment is proposed for the 24 fundamental modes based upon the observed band contours, isotopic shift ratios, and group frequency correlations. The au and bg torsional modes were assigned to bands at 222 and 223 cm−1, respectively, and the internal rotational barrier of the methyl group was calculated to be ∼ 2.7 kcal/mole. A number of the internal fundamentals were observed to be split into doublets in the spectra of the solids which suggests that there are at least four molecules per unit cell in azomethane. The inversion center is apparently retained in the crystal since the rule of mutual exclusion was found to be operative.


The near magnetic field produced by magnetic components may compromise the performance of nearby devices. This paper analyzed the near magnetic field distribution around toroidal inductors. The mechanism of the field's origination was studied in this article and modeled with the combination of magnetic dipoles and quadrupoles with clear physical meaning. Intuitive conclusions were drawn from the model and verified by simulation and experiments.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how related teaching beliefs, job satisfaction and turnover intention in sport instructors for the aged. The data collected from 277 sport instructors for the aged who teaching on old adults in Seoul, Kyonggi and Kangwon province. For analysis, frequence analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's a, correlation and regression analysis were used by the computer using the statistics program SPSS 15.0. The results of this study can be acquired as follows; First, behavioristic and interactional beliefs had a influence on the job satisfaction. Second, maturational and interactional beliefs had a influence on the turnover intention. Third, job satisfaction had a influence on turnover intention. Forth, teaching beliefs had a direct influence on the job satisfaction and indirect influence on the turnover intention.


BowERs, JAIcE E. (U.S. Geological Survey, 1675 W. Anklam Road, Tucson, AZ 85745) AND MARK A. DIMMITr (Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, 2021 N. Kinney Road, Tucson, AZ 85743). Flowering phenology of six woody plants in the northern Sonoran Desert. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 121: 215-229. 1994.-Climatic and flowering data from a site in the northern Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona were used to define flowering triggers and developmental requirements for 6 woody plants. These formulations were then used to predict flowering dates at a second northern Sonoran Desert site. It was determined that flowering is triggered by rain in Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov., Fouquieria splendens Engelm., Encelia farinosa A. Gray, Ambrosia deltoidea (A. Gray) Payne and Acacia constricta Benth., and that flowering is triggered by photoperiod in Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johnst. The base temperature for floral development in L. tridentata, F. splendens, E. farinosa, A. deltoidea and C. microphyllum is about 10?C. Their mean degree-day requirements range from 414 to 719. Acacia constricta requires 522 degree-days above 15?C. Minimum rainfall triggers varied from 9 mm forAmbrosia to 20 mm for Encelia. Flowering time in C. microphyllum may reflect phylogenetic constraints, while flowering time in F. splendens may be strongly influenced by pollinator availability. Flowering times of the remaining species seem constrained more by climate than by biotic considerations such as phylogeny, seed germination and competition for pollinators.


The utility model discloses a high-density clarification tank, which comprises a flocculation reacting device, a clarification concentrating device which are tandem connected; the flocculation reacting device comprises a mechanical mixing zone device, and the mechanical mixing zone device comprises a mixing tank and a mechanical flocculation reactor arranged in the mixing tank, and a hydraulic mixing zone device is tandem connected behind the mechanical mixing zone device, and an isolating wall is arranged between the mechanical mixing zone device and the hydraulic mixing zone device, and the bottom of the isolating wall is provided with water-through holes, and the bottom of the isolating wall is tandem connected with the clarification concentrating device, and a submerged weir is arranged between the isolating wall and the clarification concentrating device. For the high-density clarification tank, the hydraulic load at the surface is increased, the flocculation effect is good, the sludge concentration is high, the occupation of land is decreased, and the effluent water quality is good.


iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv CHAPTER I: Introduction 1 CHAPTER II: Plato's Phaedrus: Rhetoric, Love, and Philosophy 6 II.1: Three Kinds of Love 8 II.1.1:Love in Lysias' Speech 8 II.1.2:Love in the Middle Speech 11 II.1.3: The Difference Between Love in the Middle Speech and Love for Lysias 13 II.1.4: Love in the Palinode 14 II.2: Three Kinds of Rhetoric 20 II.2.1: Lysias' Rhetoric 21 II.2.2: The Rhetoric of the Middle Speech 23 II.2.3: The True Rhetoric of the Palinode 25 II.3: Love and Rhetoric as Psychagogia 31 CHAPTER III: The Middle Speech 36 III.1: Philodoxy 38 III.2: The Bipartite Soul 49 III.3: Virtuosity 54 III.4: Conclusion 61 CHAPTER IV: Isocrates 64 IV.1: Good Speaking 67 IV.2: How and why speaking well teaches us to live well 85 IV.3: Isocratean Philosophy and Plato 96 IV.4: The Question of Normativity 101 CHAPTER V: Conclusion 108 BIBLIOGRAPHY 110


This paper presents the design of digital controller for attitude control of a rotary-winged flying robot in hover. It describes the best digital implementation of continuous compensation from linear SISO controller to control the nonlinear dynamics of the aerial robot. Results with limits are given for attitude correction against reference attitudes, set for maintaining the hover. Experiments are carried out on Bergen Turbine Observer model, equipped with a NAV420CA INS and mounted on a test rig with bending flexibility in all axes.


This report describes work performed by the University of Washington Aerospace and Energetics Research Program involving the Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) approach to magnetic confinement fusion. The group`s effort involved continued research on the Coaxial Slow Source annular FRC experimental device located on campus, as well as support for the Large s Experiment (LSX) operated by Spectra Technology Incorporated, Bellevue, Washington.


The distribution of Cd concentration in topsoil(0~20 cm) and soil profiles around a zinc plant were studied,and Cd pollution was evaluated by the method of monomial pollution index.Cd concentrations in topsoil are in the range of 0.52~248.72(mg/kg),and the samples in the prevailing wind direction or near to the zinc plant have higher Cd concentration.In the soil profile,1 km far from the zinc plant,the Cd concentration of topsoil(0~2 cm) reaches 593.23(mg/kg),while that of subsoil(60~110 cm) reaches 55.16(mg/kg).In the other profile,10 km far from the zinc plant,topsoil Cd concentrations are 0.3~3.14(mg/kg),and that of subsoil are close to the background value or not be detected. The topsoil pollution evaluation shows that Cd concentration in all samples exceeds the moderate level,most of which are even over the heavy level.The primary sources of contamination may be from stack emissions,fugitive missions from zinc plant,or wind blown material from uncovered piles of process material.The spatial distribution of Cd concentration is related to the distances from the zinc plant and the prevailing wind.Vertical transport of Cd is influenced by the concentration in surface horizon,and the depth reached by Cd has a tendency to increase with the Cd concentration in surface horizon.


In this paper, we introduce two 4-dimensional potentials for electromagnetic (EM) field, discuss the properties of EM tensor under three metrics, and then give out the EM duality symmetric Maxwell equations. In the case of existing source, we introduce magnetic monopole, and because we have two potentials expressions, we can obtain EM duality electromagnetic field equations without the concept of Dirac string. Finaly, we get the SO(2) symmetric d'Alembert equations and their retarded solutions in the presence of magnetic monopole.


In this study, an automatic blood vessel searching system (BVSS) is newly developed, which is built in the health monitoring system (HMS) and the drug delivery system (DDS) to extract the blood, evaluates the blood sugar level and injects the insulin for the diabetic patients. Main subjects of our BVSS development are 1) a transmittance photo imaging of the finger by using the LED light as a near-infrared light source with peak wave length of 870 nm, and 2) an image processing to detect the location of the center of the blood vessel cross section. The sharp edge focus method was applied in our BVSS to detect the depth of blood vessel. We carried out experiments by using blood vessel phantoms, which consist of an artificial cylindrical blood vessel and skin tissue, which are made of the teflon tube and the silicone rubber. The teflon tube has the size of 0.6 mm in diameter and is filled with the human blood. The experimental results demonstrated that the estimated depth, which is obtained by image analysis corresponding to given depths, shows a good agreement with the real values, and consequently the availability of our BVSS is confirmed.


One of the most fascinating and studied phenomena of human memory is deja vu the impression of having already experienced a situation that actually happens for the first time or of having already been in a place where we stand for the first time. Petrarch uses literary-historical reading of the landscape as the tool for expressing his own cultural and even political position. An exemplary case is the composition of Petrarch's Itinerarium to the Holy Land, more exactly Itinerarium de Ianua usque Ierusalem et Alexandriam , the guide to the pilgrimage to Palestine that Petrarch wrote in three days, between March and April 1358, for his friend Giovanni Mandelli, political and military commander of the court of the Visconti in Milan. One of the most visible techniques which Petrarch uses for cartographic acquisition of space is the agglomeration of elements, which bridges practically all of the 66 letters. Keywords: cartographic acquisition; human memory; landscape; latin petrarch


Egil County (this county is attached to Diyarbakir city today) is the one of the culture and the civilization centres in the Southeast Anatolia since the ancient times. Pir Mansoor -one of spiritual and moral saintsone of descendants of the Prophet Mohammad's (blessing and peace be upon to him) Uncle Abbas (God bless him) came from Hakkari and settled in this region in the eleventh century. At the end of the eleventh century Pir Badr who was the grandson of Pir Mansoor conquered Egil Castle with the support of local people particularly Mirdasi Tribe living in this area and established an emirate where the castle was conquered. The Emirs belonging to the descendants of Pir Badr administered the Egil region nearly eight centuries in the times of Marwanids, Seljukids and the Ottoman Empire. In this study we examined and translated two different shajara (the text of lineages pedigree) that certificated the Emirs of Egil came from the generation of Pir mansoor and Abbas. The first shajara text dates back to around the first half of the fifteenth century, written and approved in the name of Sayyid Moustafa. The second shajara text is from the beginning of eighteenth century, written and approved in the name of Hussain Pasha. The main content of the text is the same in both shajaras


Gay or homosexuality is a variation of developed sexual orientation in society. The purpose of this research is to know the gay representation in Moonlight film and to know semiotic analysis of Charles Sanders Peirce in Moonlight film. Research design and research method used in this thesis is qualitative research method of Semiotics Charles Sanders Peirce and Queer Theory. The analysis of each scene has been selected as many as six scenes showing gay signs and then analyzing using Peirce model that is relation of Sign / Interpretant, Object, and Interpretant which each consist of trichotomy based on the sign that is qualisign, sinsign, and legisign, based on the object ie icon, index, and symbol, and based on interpretantnya rheme, dicisign, and argument. After observing and analyzing the scene / scene in the movie "Moonlight", researchers found the presence of gay signs in the film as a sense of curiosity Chiron against gays and homos, Chiron who seek with his identity, sexual behavior such as kissing and Kevin's masturbation against Chiron, anxiety and longing for someone, dreaming or fantasizing until ejaculation, meeting the person and embracing him, and behaving differently to his peers.Keywords: Representation, Gay, Semiotics, Moonlight


The 1.44 eV photoluminescence peak of the 78 meV acceptor, previously known only in bulk GaAs crystals, has been observed in lightly Si-doped GaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. This observation provides strong evidence that the 78 meV acceptor is related to the Ga antisite defect (GaAs).


The introduction of "biologics" adds a new dimension to the therapy of ocular/orbital inflammatory disease. Because these drugs are relatively new, their potential therapeutic effects are not fully known, but thus far they have offered some hope in situations where few therapeutic options are available. Because of their cost and potential side effects, questions remain as to who should receive these drugs, which drug should be administered, and how long should these drugs be taken. In this issue of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Miquel et al. describe 2 "difficult-to-treat" patients with orbital inflammation. One patient had chronic orbital myositis and the other had inflammatory dacryoadenitis. Initial treatment with corticosteroids was unsuccessful, but ultimately both patients responded to treatment with infliximab. Surgery is often successful for managing inflammatory dacryoadenitis, although drug therapies are sometimes also used. In this case, comorbidities precluded use of azathioprine or methotrexate, and a biologic agent was chosen. The classic and traditional medication used to treat ocular inflammation is corticosteroids. Most cases respond to initial prednisone-equivalent doses of 60 mg per day or more. Difficulties arise, however, with long-term administration as side effects usually limit their use, and disease control may worsen when the dosage is decreased. The use of methotrexate as a "steroid-sparing" agent has also been described with some success, as have a number of standard chemotherapeutic agents. However, these drugs are nonspecific in their actions with respect to the inflammatory disease, often are ineffective, and may have unacceptable side effects. Future trends in medicine call for more individualized, specific therapy for specific diseases, while minimizing side effects and collateral damage. The introduction of biologic agents is a move in this direction. Their use also provides insight in understanding the basic molecular mechanisms of inflammation. As yet, none of these agents has been used in controlled clinical trials of orbital myositis, and for some agents systematic reports of their use in case series are lacking. A brief article in 1975 described a new hybridoma technique to generate "antibodies of predefined specificity." Early monoclonal antibodies were produced in a mouse model, which then evolved in a chimeric (murinehuman) antibody until a fully humanized monoclonal antibody could be developed. The humanized antibody has less chance of generating sensitivity reactions and drug-induced antibodies. One of the first cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies approved for therapeutic use (non-Hodgkin lymphoma) was rituximab, which was directed against the CD20 antigen on mature B-cells. One of the mechanisms by which rituximab is thought to work is by antibodydependent complement-mediated cell lysis. After administration of rituximab, the B-lymphocyte count drops precipitously and remains low for 6 to 9 months or longer, often for years. Although the direct therapeutic effect is secondary to lymphocyte depletion, there is concern about increased risk for infection or worsening of existing infections, especially viral pathogens such as hepatitis B and C. Side effects range from minimal flu-like symptoms associated with the infusion to fatal tumor lysis reactions. With an overall favorable efficacy and safety profile, and better understanding of how rituximab affects cell-cell interaction and cytokine function, more experience has accumulated, allowing the indications for rituximab use to gradually expand. Biologics targeting inflammatory cytokines include tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists. Infliximab is a chimeric murine/human antibody that targets the tumor necrosis factor-alpha molecule itself. Initial experience was with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We and others have noted that infliximab appears to be useful in improving control of recalcitrant orbital myositis. It is administered intravenously, and is more effective when given with methotrexate, which also Accepted for publication December 31, 2007. Address for correspondence and reprint requests to James A. Garrity, M.D., Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. E-mail: email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com


To improve the isoprenol pathway performance and the isoprenol yield, we exploited CRISPRi screening to identify endogenous gene targets involving phosphate intermediate hydrolysis and acetyl–CoA consumption pathways and isoprenol toxicity in E. coli.


This article outlines the history and activities of the Society for Technical Courses in Radom, a pioneering private educational institution offering continuing vocational training for adults in Radom in the interwar period. The Radom Society for Technical Courses played a key role as a platform for the exchange of knowledge and skills between education and industry, creating the conditions for effective cooperation of various professional groups (teachers, instructors, railwaymen, industrial workers, and industrialists) for the benefit of both the professional education network and people employed in industry.


We study the structure of atomic hydrogen (H i) in the host galaxy of GRB 171205A/SN 2017iuk at z = 0.037 through H i 21 cm emission line observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. These observations reveal unusual morphology and kinematics of the H i in this otherwise apparently normal galaxy. High column density, cold H i is absent from an extended North–South region passing by the optical center of the galaxy, but instead is extended toward the South, on both sides of the galaxy. Moreover, the H i kinematics do not show a continuous change along the major axis of the galaxy as expected in a classical rotating disk. We explore several scenarios to explain the H i structure and kinematics in the galaxy: feedback from a central starburst and/or an active galactic nucleus, ram-pressure stripping, accretion, and tidal interaction from a companion galaxy. All of these options are ruled out. The most viable remaining explanation is the penetrating passage of a satellite through the disk only a few Myr ago, redistributing the H i in the GRB host without yet affecting its stellar distribution. It can also lead to the rapid formation of peculiar stars due to a violent induced shock. The location of GRB 171205A in the vicinity of the distorted area suggests that its progenitor star(s) originated in extreme conditions that share the same origin as the peculiarities in H i. This could explain the atypical location of GRB 171205A in its host galaxy.


(57) Abstract: The present invention uses acoustic data transmission system for communicating with a remote articles, such as toys or other model substance. Embedded control data to the audio signal, which is transmitted to the toy. Toys in the vicinity of the receiver receives the data. Toy operation can be modified by receiving the embedded data. The receiver is a television receiver, to broadcast data along with the television program.


In this research, a new type of magnetorheological damper for a small-sized aircraft landing gear system is proposed and its performance is evaluated with respect to design parameters of the magnetic core. As a first step, a new configuration of magnetorheological damper for the landing gear system, which consists of orifices, recoil valve, and magnetic circuits, is introduced with working principles. After formulating the governing equations of motion, six different models of magnetorheological damper featuring different number of magnetic core and different pole length are chosen to investigate both the landing stability and the efficiency. Subsequently, the distribution of the magnetic field intensity of each model is analyzed through the finite element method, followed by the calculation of the field-dependent damping force to be used for the landing simulation, which is undertaken by adopting the dynamic model of a half airplane landing gear system. In order to identify the significance of the magnetic core parameters, the landing stability is judged from the sign of the minimum force and the landing efficiency is determined from the energy dissipation during the vertical drop motion.


T Stock Dove Columba oenas has expanded its range in Britain very markedly since the early 19th Century, when it was confined largely to southern and eastern England (Sharrock 1976). Following the rapid spread in the course of the second half of the 19th Century, it continued to increase in Britain until about 1930. Sharrock (1976) noted a sudden general decline from about 1957 to at least 1960, especially marked in eastern England, though Stock Doves farther west were apparently unaffected. The timing and regional distribution of this collapse have led to the suggestion that it was due to organo-chlorine seed-dressings and other pesticides. Stock Doves feed heavily on spring and autumn cereal crops and take large quantities of wild seeds in the intervening months (Murton el al. 1964). The Stock Dove map in The Atlas of Breeding Birds m Britain and Ireland indicates that the distribution of the species in the course of the 1968-72 fieldwork was about as extensive as it was before the population crash, with the species recorded in some 6 5 % of all 10-km squares (Sharrock 1976). In this present paper, we shall examine evidence concerning the level of the Stock Dove population over the period 1930-80, to provide data on the timing and extent of the population collapse described by Sharrock (1976), and the extent of the subsequent recovery.


This paper describes a solar powered, telemetryenabled tracking sensor and outlines the design, development and testing associated with the hardware, software and the corresponding base station. The telemetry system utilises New Zealand's General User 868MHz SRD/ISM frequency band and provides configurable wireless connection for data retrieval. We have achieved data transmission out to a range of 2.4km line of sight. Permanent position monitoring has been achieved, with positions recorded every ~30 minutes.


Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBCs) are required for use of SiC-based composites in hot sections of gas turbine engines. The primary function of EBCs is to limit the interaction of SiC with steam in the combustion environment. Due to the additional constraints of thermal expansion match and chemical compatibility with the SiC substrate, state-of-the art EBCs are typically fabricated from complex silicates. These silicates typically have sufficiently high silica activities that they also react with the steam by the following generic reaction.


In the present study we analysed how species richness estimation of caddisflies changes as the sample area increases. Altogether 62 Surber samples were taken from a riffle. Applying a resampling procedure, we produced samples coming from different sampling areas (from 0.09 m2 to 5.58 m2) and tested how species richness of caddisflies changes. Whereas raw species richness showed scale dependency (it increased as sampled area increased), rarefaction seemed to be an adequate tool for handling scale-


One of the most prominent problems facing Scientists in designing solar cells nowadays is to design highly efficient solar cells by increasing its light absorbitivity. This needs a design of highly efficient solar cells having nanometer dimensions in a form of a waveguide. Since the design of such cells is difficult in the Sudan, this paper attempted to design absorption microwave cells to know how the absorption depends on the dimensions of the rectangular waveguide. Keywords : Waveguide, Nano solar cell, frequency, Dimensions. Received 23April, 2009.


Growth characteristics for two lethrinids , lethrinus lentjan and L. mahsena in the red sea off Jeddah waters were studied . with ages determined by scale readings , back c2alculated lengths up. To the seventh year of life were obtained for each species. Regressions of fish length on scale radius were also computed. Growth in length appeared to be most rapid during the first year of life and slows down as age progresses . growth in weight, on the other hand, was highest during the third and fourth years of life for L. lengtjan and L. mahsena respectively. Within each species, males and females gave virtually identical resuts in their growth rate. Three exponential equations were derived for each species to represent the length/weight relationship for separately males, females and sexes combined. Coefficient of condition (k) values were also determined and variation of these values with fish size and month of capture were studied. The parameters of vonBertalaffys growth equation L , K & t were estimated for bthe two species under study.


Capital invesment has been, in most cases, identified as a mere economic activities whose objectives are purely economical: to produce and distribute good and services (at a profit) which would invetually (collectively) being growth to the economy. Therefore it would be wrong for one to expect investors to carry our social obligations such as those performed by the social organizations. Similarly it is not incorrect for those who pay particular interest to the social problem of the society to label investors "narrow minded" toward social problem and phenomena such as; welfare, equal distribution of income, employment, interests of small group, etc.


Objective: To determine plasma levels of cC in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: Study Design: prospective, cross-sectional, comparative and observational. Sample: nonrandom, 111 patients with type 2 diabetes, two groups: hospital and clinic, outpatient. Variables: measurement of renal function and metabolic control partners. Measurement: serum determinations of cC. Analysis: descriptive and inferential (student T test, U of Mann-Whitney). Pearson correlation. Results: There were significant differences in values for cC in patients with adequate metabolic control and in the clinic compared with hospital: Glycosylated hemoglobin (p = 0.015), total cholesterol (p = 0.030) and triglycerides (p = 0.001). Moderate inverse association between cC and creatinine clearance (Pearson correlation = .436, p = 0.018). Conclusions: The age and metabolic control are important markers for determining initial kidney damage in asymptomatic patients. cC is a prognostic marker of early renal damage in patients with type 2 diabetes, compared with the gold standard (creatinine clearance).


The invention relates to a nano-pore super heat-insulating material and a preparation method of the nano-pore super heat-insulating material. A technical scheme of the preparation method is as follows: mixing 55-75wt% of silica fume, 10-30wt% of an infrared screening agent, 10-25wt% of glass fiber and 5-10wt% of a bonding agent for 2-6 hours in a room temperature condition; carrying out compression moulding; heating to 200-600 DEG C in a heating rate of 1-5 DEG C per minute; and holding the temperature for 2-4 hours, so as to obtain the nano-pore super heat-insulating material. The volume density of the nano-pore super heat-insulating material prepared by the invention is 0.4-0.7g/cm ; the average pore size is 50-70nm; the coefficient of heat conductivity is 0.035-0.06W/m.K at a temperature of 300 DEG C, is 0.05-0.08W/m.K at a temperature of 500 DEG C, and is 0.07-0.09W/m.K at a temperature of 900 DEG C; the breaking strength is 1.20-1.85MPa; and the compression strength is 1.25-1.95MPa. The nano-pore super heat-insulating material provided by the invention has the characteristics of low volume density, uniform pore distribution, good mechanical property and low coefficient of heat conductivity.


The spatial distributions of damage and failure are characterized in entire test lines under electromigration. The distribution of hillocks is random but that of voids is not, showing clear evidence for the roles of temperature gradients (at the ends of the lines only) and of the near-bamboo microstructure. The evolution of void distributions is consistent with local microstructural observations on void splitting and coalescence. Mass flow from voids to hillocks is not detected in the damage distributions, but damage spacings do correlate with grain structure. Statistically valid characterization of damage and failure distributions can assist in identifying the controlling factors in the development of electromigration damage and failure.


Perturbations of convex chance constrained stochastic programs are considered the underlying probability distributions of which are r-concave. Veriiable suucient conditions are established guaranteeing HH older continuity properties of solution sets with respect to variations of the original distribution. Examples illustrate the potential, sharpness and limitations of the results.


We report on the progress and improvements in the simulation of H2 plasmas in parallel plate capacitively coupled RF discharges. A comparison between the results obtained with the Bari 1.5D hybrid model (charged particles/neutral fluid), SIGLO-RF and the Villetaneuse fluid model is performed. Both models are completely self-consistent linking the charged particle kinetics with neutral reactions in gas phase, surface and electric effects. With the Bari code the effects of heterogeneous H recombination, vibrational deactivation and recombination to vibrationally excited molecules are studied and their influence on the electronegative/positive behavior of the discharge plasma is highlighted. Moreover a detailed study of the power dissipation through different channels for the electrons and the ions is presented.


In the present study, the larval development stages in the egg capsule of the Japanese snail (Rapana thomasiana, Gross 1861), distributed in the Black Sea were investigated. At the moment of capsule release, the diameter of the spherical egg was 151.5 - 2.61 µm. After the capsule was released, the eggs gradually lost their spherical structure. After the completion of the early lar- val development stage in the egg capsule, the larvae hatched from the capsule as a veliger on day 20. The larvae were pelagic dur- ing the following 5 days and settled to the bottom day 25. The length and width of the settled larvae reached 426.8 - 2.84 µm and 305.6 - 2.2 µm with a growth rate of 181.2% and 101.7%, respectively.


The major direct drivers of environmental change in mountains are relief, hydroclimate and land use. Mountain forests affected by persistent seasonal or annual fog are called montane cloud forests (Bubb et al. 2004). On the slopes of temperate mountains, the elevation of the cloud base marks the transition from mon-tane (hardwood-deciduous, lower-altitude) to cloud (conifer-evergreen, higher-altitude) forests (Braun 1964). Montane cloud forests intercept fog and cloud droplets (horizontal precipitation), which can add substantial amounts of water to the hydrologic system (Bruijnzeel et al. 2011). Suppressed incoming radiation and transpiration rates may also be favourable for low water use (Bruijnzeel and Veneklaas 1998). Fog drip and cloud shading regulate ecosystem water balance and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit. In an intensified drought scenario (McDowell et al. 2011), in which water is the primary limiting factor to vegetation growth, horizontal precipitation and low transpiration might have a significant impact on water availability and, thus, shape mountain vegetation significantly. A potential increase in cloud base height and associated effects, on energy and water balance, underlie concerns regarding how cloud regime and fog frequency may be altered in coming decades (Williams et al. 2015). The combination of shallow root systems, reduced photosynthetic rates and lower air temperatures of temperate montane cloud forests may lead to increased sensitivity of vegetation damage by drought and warrants revisiting the sensitivity of stomatal con-ductance to varying vapour pressure deficit and regulation of water potential in these foggy ecosystems (Jane and Green 1985). Discontinuities in vegetation composition and community structure may offer insights into the factors controlling ecological processes along environmental gradients, such as those associated with elevational changes in temperature and moisture (Martin et al. 2007). Discrete montane forest ecotones are associated with pronounced environmental (and micro-environmental) disconti-nuities or with contrasting disturbance history (Palombo et al. 2014). However, the ecophysiological consequences of water uptake and transport mechanisms in temperate montane cloud forest tree species remain largely unexplored, as do the feedbacks on vegetation boundaries and interactions with atmospheric depositions. In this issue, Berry et al. (2015) compare plant water status during cloud-immersed and non-immersed conditions and hydraulic vulnerability in branches and roots of species across a temperate , mountain fog ecotone. Cloud forest species were expected to have less drought-resistance characteristics (e.g., lower water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) and greater improvements in hydraulic functioning during fog relative to non-cloud forest species. In both conifer cloud forest …


Objective To explore the effect of Tandospimne on cognition of patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods 122 patients with first-episode schizophrenia met with DSM-IV were chosen and randomly divided into two groups: Olanzapine group(single group) and Olanzapine combined with Tandospimne group(combination group).Cognition of patients was assessed by repeatable battery for the assessmental of neuropsychological status(RBANS) before and after treatment.Then the improvement of patients' cognition was compared between the two groups after treatment.Results At the baseline,PANSS total score,CGI,and RBANS were not significantly different between the two groups(P 0.05).After 12-week treatment,total 21 patients were unable to contact,and the change of PANSS total score and CGI showed no significant difference between two groups(P 0.05).However,cognition of patients in combination group increased significantly than single group(P 0.05).Conclusion Tandospirone may improve the cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia.


Purpose: To establish feasibility of performing quality assurance for Flattening Filter Free (FFF) RapidArc stereotactic body radiotherapy treatments (SBRT) on a TrueBeam LINAC using Monte Carlo simulations.Methods: Phase‐space files for TrueBeam FFF photon beams were made available by Varian in IAEA‐compliant format. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc to validate the 6MV FFF phase space files for use in this study. The phase space data provided by Varian is in cylindrical geometry and required conversion into a format that was compatible with BEAMnrc prior to use. To establish validity of the phase space data, dose calculations in a water phantom for fields ranging from 3×3 cm2 to 40 × 40 cm2 were performed using DOSXYZnrc. Percent depth doses (PDDs), transverse profiles and output factors were calculated and compared with measurements. Monte Carlo simulations of 6MV FFF SBRT RapidArc plans were performed using a 2mm3 voxel size and compared with both ion chamber measurement and Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) dose calculations. 3D gamma analysis (3%,3mm) comparing Monte Carlo and TPS results was performed. Results:Monte Carlo simulations and measured values agreed within 1% and 1.5% for PDDs and profiles respectively for all fields. The agreement between measured and calculated output factors was within 1 % including for highly asymmetric fields. These results indicate that the 6MV FFF phase space data is sufficiently accurate for use in quality assurance in radiation therapy. For the 6 MV FFF RapidArc plans the agreement between MC and both measured and TPS dose calculations was within 2%. Over 95% of the points passed the 3D Gamma test Conclusions: We have demonstrated the feasibility of performing patient specific quality assurance for 6 MV FFF SBRT RapidArc treatments using Monte Carlo simulations for a TrueBeam linac. This project is funded by Varian Medical Systems


Autophagy, a highly conserved mechanism of internal quality control, is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and for the orchestration of an efficient cellular response to stress. During aging, the efficiency of autophagic degradation declines and intracellular waste products accumulate. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise on autophagic response in skeletal muscle. Twenty-four Young (4 month) and Old (12 month) ICR-type white male mice were divided into a control group (CON: n=6) and exercise training group (Tr: n=6) after an adaptation period of 1 week. Exercise consisted of treadmill running at 16.4 m/min with a 4% incline, 40 min/day and 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Cervical dislocation was performed at 48 hours after the last round of exercise, after which the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle were immediately collected. The results of verifying autophagy formation showed that the Sarcopenia index was decreased in the Old mice compared to the Young. However, it increased with exercise training in the Old. Lipidation LC3-Ⅱ, Becline-1, and Atg7 were decreased in the Old mice compared to the Young. However, Lipidation LC3-Ⅱ was significantly increased in the trained Old mice (Young:1 Vs Old:1.32±0.042, p<0.05). Based on these data, we suggest that autophagy regulatory events are the attenuated in Old mice, but that they are enhanced with exercise training.


A review of the author's work is given, which formed the basis for a new theory of general infinite systems. The Gaussian elimination and Cramer's rule have been extended to infinite systems. A special particular solution is obtained, it is called a strictly particular solution. Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of the nontrivial solutions of homogeneous systems are given.


Modernization has gained visibility in Turkey's cultural landscape, especially in the music field, in a different process than in the West. Westernization, or modernization, as a concept used by eastern countries that model on Western civilization in thought, behavior and lifestyle is an expression associated with the expectations of change and objectives in societies. Modernization is an increasingly centralized process of societies. Modernization, which stemmed from industrial revolution and urbanization process in Western Europe, was consolidated by the concepts of rationalization and nation-state; it gained further impetus with the differentiation of the public and the private spheres in the service sector. Identities, which are a product of complex processes that cannot be understood only by traditional/modern, rural/urban dualities, are structured through the relational identification of others. However, the reformist movement (modernization) which continues with the establishment of the Republic of Turkey starting from the Ottoman period has formed a basis for new lifestyles, pleasures and new forms of entertainment. With the birth of the radio, radio listeners, particularly in Istanbul and Ankara, have become active in the field of music. In that sense, the concept of popular culture has been fed by the speed and spreading of mass media, and the society has begun to create its own "stars". Münir Nurettin struggled to modernize his maqam music, which he blended with Western techniques, with artistic concerns. In this sense, he proved his unique style as a soloist adapting to modernization process in terms of his performance technique, which he tried to develop, selection of repertoire and his compositions.


The stringency of building protection measures which are required to mitigate the accumulation of the hazardous gases carbon dioxide, methane and radon is a reflection of the perceived risk. About 2500 deaths per year in the UK are attributed to radon, while incidents of deaths involving methane and carbon dioxide derived from landfills and mine gas average less than one per year. Potentially about 5% of all UK premises are at risk from contamination by these hazardous gases. This compares with a lower proportion of buildings affected by forms of previously contaminative use, which are to be collated into a register of potentially contaminated land when s. 143 of the Enviromental Protection Act 1990 is implemented. The potential hazard, migration, principles of control, and design of building protection measures, are reviewed for all three gases.


Irinotecan (CPT‐11) and its active metabolite, 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN‐38), are believed to be reabsorbed by intestinal cells and to enter the entero‐hepatic circulation, but there is little information to date. Our objective was to investigate the intestinal transport of CPT‐11 and SN‐38 in correlation with their associated cytotoxicity. Using either isolated hamster intestinal epithelial cells or/and human colon carcinoma HT29 cells, the uptake rates of [14C]CPT‐11 and [14C]SN‐38, both as respective non‐ionic lactone form at acidic pH and anionic carboxylate form at basic pH, were investigated by the rapid vacuum filtration technique. The effect of physiologic intestinal luminal pH (6.2–8.0) on the uptake rate and cytotoxicity of SN‐38 were estimated by the above method and the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, respectively. The lactone forms of CPT‐11 and SN‐38 were transported passively, while the respective carboxylate form was absorbed actively. Uptake rates of both lactones were significantly higher than those of their carboxylates. Under physiologic pH, the respective uptake rates of CPT‐11 and SN‐38 were pH sensitive and decreased significantly by around 65%, at pH greater than 6.8. Furthermore, with decreasing pH, a higher uptake rate of SN‐38 into HT29 cells correlates with a greater cytotoxic effect (r = 0.987). CPT‐11 and SN‐38 have absorption characteristics of weakly basic drugs such as short‐chain fatty acids, suggesting that alkalization of the intestinal lumen may be critical to reduce their reabsorption and associated side effects. Int. J. Cancer 83:491–496, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A simple, rapid and selective method was developed for the determination of amtolmetin guacil, tolmetin so dium and tolmetin glycinamide from human plasma. The method in- volves extracting amtolmetin guacil, tolmetin sodiu m and tolmetin glycinamide with acetonitrile using coumar in as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was c arried out on a C8 column using mixture of acetonitrile:me thanol: 1% acetic acid as mobile phase with UV detection se t at 313 nm. The retention time of AG, T, TG and IS were 8.20 ± 0.2, 5.3 ± 0.2, 4.0 ± 0.2 and 4.9 ± 0.2 min, respectively. The method was validated and found to be linear in the range of 0.5-20.0 μ g/ml for amtolmetin guacil, tolmetin sodium and tolmetin glycinamide. The co-efficient o f varia- tion for intra-day and inter-day accuracy and preci sion was <8.2 % for amtolmetin guacil, tolmetin sodium and t olmetin glycinamide. An open, randomized, two-treatment, tw o pe- riod, single dose crossover, bioequivalence study i n twelve fasting, healthy, male, volunteers was conducted. A fter dos- ing, serial blood samples were collected for the pe riod of 24 h. Various pharmacokinetic parameters for both the active metabolites (tolmetin and tolmetin glycinamide) wer e de- termined from plasma concentration of both formulat ions. Log transformed values were compared by analysis of vari- ance (ANOVA) followed by classical 90% confidence i n- terval for C max , AUC 0-t and AUC 0-inf for both the active me- tabolites (tolmetin and tolmetin glycinamide) and i t was found that both test and reference products were bioequivalent. The proposed method proved to be rapid, precise and accurate and can be successfully used i n a bioequivalence study of amtolmetin guacil tablet.


The invention provides a pneumatic terminal pin device, comprising a terminal cutting mechanism, a terminal clamping mechanism, and a terminal pin mechanism. The terminal cutting mechanism, the terminal clamping mechanism, and the terminal pin mechanism are driven by different cylinders to complete operation of terminal cutting, terminal clamping, and terminal pin, respectively. The terminal pin device provided in the invention can integratedly complete the operation of terminal cutting, terminal clamping, and terminal pin, and the pneumatic terminal pin device is high in processing precision, fast in processing speed, and high in production efficiency.


[ 1 ] High-resolution quantitative temperature records from continents covering glacial to interglacial transitions are scarce but important for understanding the climate system. We present the fi rst decadal resolution record of continental temperatures in Central Europe during the last deglaciation (~14,600 – 10,600 cal. yr B.P.) based on the organic geochemical palaeothermometer TEX 86 . The TEX 86 inferred temperature record from Lake Lucerne (Vierwaldstättersee, Switzerland) reveals typical oscillations during the Late Glacial Interstadial, followed by an abrupt cooling of 2 (cid:1) C at the onset of Younger Dryas and a rapid warming of 4 (cid:1) C at the onset of the Holocene, within less than 350 years. The remarkable resemblance with the Greenland and regional stable oxygen isotope records suggests that temperature changes in continental Europe were dominated by large-scale reorganizations in the northern hemispheric climate system. Citation: Blaga, C. I., G.-J. Reichart, A. F. Lotter, F. S. Anselmetti, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté (2013), A TEX 86 lake record suggests simultaneous shifts in temperature in Central Europe and Greenland during the last deglaciation, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 40 , 948 – 953, doi:10.1002/grl.50181.


For many years it has been appreciated that the arrangement of amino acids in the linear sequence of a protein is responsible for the three dimensional structure of the folded protein. However, until recently very little practical information could be obtained from amino acid sequences, because of our imperfect understanding of the way that the individual amino acids influence the conformation of a peptide chain. At present there are several useful ways of predicting conformation from sequence, including methods based on energy minimization, frequency of occurrence of amino acids in particular secondary structures, and consideration of the solubility of the amino acids in aqueous and organic solvents. These methods seldom generate information that is useful on a practical level, partly because they attempt to predict too much detailed information from a given sequence. In the development of my method, I asked a simpler question, namely, is it possible to predict the locations of antibody binding sites on a protein sequence, regardless of any consideration of the precise conformation of the peptide chain? Using this criterion and a data set of twelve well-known protein antigens, I developed a simple hydrophilicity analysis that reliably predicts the locations of antigenic residues in protein sequences. A listing of experiments where the outcome was predictable by my method is presented in Table I.


Gas-fired cylinders which do not have the temperature limitations of steam cylinders are ideally suited to new drying processes which are designed to achieve higher water removal rates. For dramatic increases in drying rate it is necessary to use cylinder temperatures and heat transfer rates much higher than can be obtained with steam. In addition to drying efficiency, gas-fired cylinders are : energy efficient - the BG cylinder, for example, has an efficiency of 75-80%, and a Transco study shows an attractive RO1 at relatively modest cylinder temperatures ; environmentally friendly - natural gas produces less CO 2 per calorific unit than any other hydrocarbon.


Objective To investigate the success rates and complications of transradial coronary angioplasty in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods 51 old elderly ACS patient,aged more than 70 years,who admitted to receive percutanous coronary intervention(PCI) therapy were selected to transradial approach according to the Allen test results.The success rates and its complications,and main cardiac events during one month follow-up were recorded,and compared with the results of transfemoral angioplasty in 91 elderly ACS patients.Results The success rates of PCI was 94.1% in 51 cases of transradial group compared with 96.9% in 97 cases of transfemoral patients(P0.05),and the main cardiac events during follow-up period were comparable between two groups(P0.05).In transradial group,the average usage of contrast and X-ray expose time for each patient were same as the transfemoral group(P0.05).But the rate of total complications related to puncture in transradial group was less than transfemoral group(2.0% vs 21.7%,P0.01),and the average times of stay in bed and hospitalization after PCI were less than that in transfemoral group also(P0.01,P0.05)).Conclusions In elderly patients with ACS,tranradial coronary angioplasty has the same success rate,but less complication related to puncture and stay in bed for relatively less time after procedure compared with transfemoral approach.


Approximately one third of the world population is infected with tuberculosis and about three millions die each year from this disease. Despite increased health standards in developed countries, the incidence of tuberculosis which was previously reported to be low in these countries, is again on the rise due to the influx of immigrants from third world countries, increasing incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, an ageing population, alcoholism, increased use of immunosuppressive drugs, and the emergence of multi-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


The Avanavero Magmatism (AM), located in the northeast portion of the Roraima State, Brazil, north of the Guianas Shield represent of the more expressive Mesoproterozoic mafic magmatic activities. The AM constituted four levels of the sills, bottom for top: Cotingo, Pedra Preta, Basicas Cipo and Monte Roraima. The Cotingo and Pedra Preta sills, insert between volcanic rocks of the Uatuma Supergroup and the sediments of the Roraima Supergroup. They are tholeiitic affinities and vary the toleitic basalt and andesi-basalt. The REE patterns Cotingo and Pedra Preta sills are very similar, with higher LILE and light REE contents and depletions in Nb and Ti. The geochemical and isotopic characteristcs of the Avanavero Magmatism may be explained by enrichment processes of the litospheric mantle during the Mesoproterozoic time. RESUMO