Consider a conventional method of controlling a power generator, with an
operator to control the panel board and observe the overall system 24 hours a day, seven
days a week. Although this method are effectively runs for most of the system, but there
is still a limitation if a system like this are only managed by human. This project was
developed to overcome the constraint of the conventional approached. This system, the
Auto Control Generator System is able to withdraw the use of operator in managing the
generator power control, although not hundred percent but still it can minimize the
presence of such situation, and therefore the availability for a human work power can be
utilize in other scope of work, resulting in cost reduction in long terms operation. This
system is about controlling the generator prime mover to meet the load demand. Another
explanation is, when the demand for load is increasing or decreasing the system will
automatically detect the changes and come up with a solution whether to run another
generator to cope with the increasing demand or to shut off a generator to provide an
economic dispatch operation. This system are fully developed using the Microsoft
Visual Basic 6.0, a high level programming language and yet, best for novice user to
build up a semi- complex system. The system will rely on a database and for this
purpose I use the Microsoft MS Access as the provider. Then by using the Data Control
method which featured in the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 I can establish a connection
between the system and the database. The system operation is simple, when it runs, the
system will get the current time from the computer in which the system are being
installed, record it and get the corresponding data (total loads in respective for that
particular time) from the database then evaluate the data and lastly choose which
generator should run and which should remain undisturbed.


FIELD: power industry. SUBSTANCE: composition of the substance for retaining the radiation and protection against it, which contains chemically combined ceramic matrix on the basis of oxide-phosphate and radiation protective material in which radiation protective material is dispersed in matrix of chemically combined ceramic cement on the basis of oxide-phosphate, and radiation protective material is chosen from the group consisting of barite, barium oxide, barium sulphate, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, gadolinium oxide, depleted uranium oxide, annealed lead glass in the form of powder and fibres with lead content of 40% to 75%, zeolites, clinoptilolites and celestines. Radiation protective composition of the substance, which contains chemically combined ceramic matrix on the basis of oxide-phosphate, which has cationic component showing the ability of radiation protection, and radiation protective material chosen from the group consisting of powder, aggregate and fibre in which radiation material is dispersed in chemically combined ceramic matrix on the basis of oxide-phosphate. EFFECT: group of inventions allows providing effective composition to be used in structural members which show the ability of radiation protection. 21 cl, 3 tbl


Near infrared spectroscopy offers advantages in the analysis of vegetable oils such as rapidity, relative cost-effectiveness, and usually no need for sample preparation. Virgin Sunflower oils were used as reference standards to develop spectra library for qualitative identification and validation of the method. This model was validated by correct classification method using positive and negative control samples. Various market samples of virgin sunflower oil were purchased and compared with spectra library. The results of spectral analysis of reference library and market samples were correlated using Mahalanobis distance method. Analysis involved 22 market samples. When these samples were matched against calibration samples, 4 samples out of 22 which are about 18.2% were not matched by the reference model. These market samples had Mahalanobis distance values between 4.2 and 6.7, which are greater than maximum permissible value of 3. Some of adulterants mentioned were Korie oil and pumpkin seeds oil.


This study compared English and Mandarin Chinese listeners′ assessments of foreign accent in spontaneous English spoken by speakers of eight L1 languages.Compared with listeners whose native language is English,Mandarin Chinese listeners perceived lower degree of foreign accent than native listeners,and were less sensitive to Mandarin and Cantonese accents than to the other accents,especially French,Spanish,and Russian.Acoustic analysis suggests that English and Mandarin Chinese listeners relied on different cues in the perception of Foreign Accent in L2 English.


This essay addresses the nature of the medieval transformation of Eurasia from the perspective of China during the Song dynasty (960-1279). Out of the many facets of the wholesale metamorphosis of Chinese society that characterized this era, I focus on the development of an increasingly bureaucratic and autocratic state, the emergence of a semi-autonomous local elite, and the impact on both trends of the rise of the great steppe empires that encircled and, under the Mongols ultimately extinguished the Song. The rapid evolution of Inner Asian state formation in the tenth through the thirteenth centuries not only swayed the development of the Chinese state, by putting questions of war and peace at the forefront of the court's attention; it also influenced the evolution of China's socio-political elite, by shaping the context within which elite families forged their sense of coorporate identity and calibrated their commitment to the court. I conclude that intersecting cycles of state-building in China and the steppe during the Eurasian transformation stimulated the rise of a Neo-Confucian ideology that helped the literatus elite transfer its energies away from the unresponsive and autocratic court to more local concerns, allowing it to gain autonomy from the Song state that had conceived it, adapt to life under Mongol rule, and project its influence over Chinese culture well into the late imperial era. In this essay I address the nature of the medieval transformation of Eurasia from the perspective of China during the Song Dynasty (9601279). Ever since the work of the Japanese historian Naito Torajiro (1866-1934), historians have viewed the period encompassed by the Song and its late-Tang and Five Dynasties precursors—that is, roughly the eighth through the thirteenth centuries—as an era of fundamental change in all aspects of Chinese society.1 The primary engine of this medieval Medieval 10,1-3_f12_279-308 11/4/04 2:47 PM Page 279


The present invention discloses a method of connecting between an apparatus, system and method for connecting the apparatus, the apparatus for wireless connection between at least one first device and at least a second device, comprising: receiving a second device sending a first connection message, the first connection message comprising a first connection identifier; receiving a second connection message sent by the second device, the second connection message includes a second connection identifier; determining a second connection to a second connection message a first connection message identification code previously received in the first connection identifier is the same, and generating a judgment result; and a second connection message to process based on the determination result, to establish a connection between the first device and the second device . By the above-described embodiment, the present invention is able to identify different connection message, the connection and message flow in a normal state to be treated, to improve the efficiency of the connection.


The extent to which trust prevails can be measured by the subjective probability with which an agent expects another one to act in desired ways. An agent's trust in other agents forms during repeated social interactions that typically have the structure of an elementary game of trust. The process of trust formation in such interactions can be described by a reputation function. It is argued that in view of real-world processes of trust formation, any adequate reputation function must satisfy certain conditions. A simple model conforming to these conditions is presented. Analyzing this example, it is shown that there is a cooperative Nash equilibrium in a trust supergame, which is in accordance with the basic conditions of realistic trust formation. However, it is also proved that no process of trust formation, can be reasonably similar to real-world mechanisms and at the same time lead to subgame perfect equilibria in a trust supergame.


This paper presents new research in the area of con struction of building-scale structures using unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly called drones. The work follows up on a previous paper presented at the 2015 IASS Symposium by Latteur et al. [1], which focused on the feasibility of dronebased construction systems with an emphasis on loca lization systems and building system units. Since then, the project has continued with a focus on mas onry block structures, with new developments in block design, computational modelling and design to ols for drone-built structures, and tests with a custom-built 40-kg payload quadracopter drone.


The author discusses an information-theoretic approach to testing the exact order of an individual's brand choice process and compares it with alternative tests that perform a similar task. Special focus is on the relative statistical power of the various tests when limited choice sequences are available. Considering computational complexity and statistical power, the author suggests instances in which the information-theoretic test is preferred.


Banking sector need to find the right strategy in providing Customer Satisfaction and increase Customer Loyalty. Based on previous empirical research, this study emphasizes the importance of Innovation Capability and Ethical Behavior as the antecedents of Customer Satisfaction. Data were collected from 200 customers of Bank in Pamekasan regency and analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The major findings include first, Innovation Capability has significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. Second, Ethical Behavior has significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. Third, Customer Satisfaction has significant effect on Customer Loyalty.


The classification accuracy has become a significant challenge and an important task in sensory motor imagery (SMI) electroencephalogram (EEG) based Brain Computer interface (BCI) system. This paper compares ensemble classification framework with individual classifiers. The main objective is to reduce the inference of non-stationary and transient information and improves the classification decision in BCI system. The framework comprises the three phases as follows: (1) the EEG signal first decomposes into triadic frequency bands: low pass band, band pass filter and high pass filter to localize α, β and high γ frequency bands within the EEG signals, (2) Then, Common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm has been applied on the extracted frequencies in phase I to heave out the important features of EEG signal, (3) Further, an existing Dynamic Weighted Majiority (DWM) ensemble classification algorithm has been implemented using features extracted in phase II, for final class label decision. J48, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers used as base classifiers for making a diverse ensemble of classifiers. A comparative study between individual classifiers and ensemble framework has been included in the paper. Experimental evaluation and assessment of the performance of the proposed model is done on the publically available datasets: BCI Competition IV dataset IIa and BCI Competition III dataset IVa. The ensemble based learning method gave the highest accuracy among all. The average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.4%, 86.5%, and 85.6% were achieved with a kappa value of 0.59 using DWM classification.


At temperatures below freezing, air humidity becomes lower and produced water at the cathode freezes on the surface of catalyst, and it is difficult to start a PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) at a cold district. The object of the work is to study the performance of the fuel cell below the freezing point by experiments and simulation. To investigate the characteristics of the starting of a temperature below freezing the performance of a single cell was measured at temperatures from -3 to -25°C and pressures from 1 to 2 atm. The results of the experiments and simulation indicate that the performance of a PEFC decreases at higher current densities and pressures, and lower cell temperatures because of ice more produced on the reactive area of the cathode. To maintain the cell performance below freezing point, it is effective to adjust the current densities and gas flow rate to balance the produced and removed water. However at -5°C, heat generated in the fuel cell is effective to warm the cell and make self-starting possible. These results shows that it is necessary to heat the cell with an additional heat source in order to start the fuel cell below -5°C.


In this work, we construct a risk estimator for hard thresholding which can be used as a basis to solve the difficult task of automatically selecting the threshold. As hard thresholding is not even continuous, Stein's lemma cannot be used to get an unbiased estimator of degrees of freedom, hence of the risk. We prove that under a mild condition, our estimator of the degrees of freedom, although biased, is consistent. Numerical evidence shows that our estimator outperforms another biased risk estimator.


In this paper, we examine whether consumption is in response to the change of expectations of income in urban China, namely, testing for excess sensitivity of consumption using subjective income expectations from the panel "Survey of Living Preferences and Satisfaction," conducted at Osaka University. The estimated results by instrumental variables (IV) show that the growth rates of consumption and actual income are not affected by income growth rate expectations in all periods of 2009-2010, 2010-2011, and 2009-2011. This implies that the expectations of income growth have no effect on the growth of consumption, which suggests that the rectangular condition of the permanent income hypothesis is satisfied in urban China.


The reproductive status (RS) of 2,103 cows slaughtered at the Ngaoundere Municipal Slaughter House (NMSH) in view of highlighting potential losses resulting from the slaughtering of pregnant cows (PC) were assessed. Concurrently, 390 of the cows evaluated for RS were randomly selected for a detailed identification of the possible causes of infertility from the gross reproductive pathologies (GRP) observed in the reproductive tract. Data were collected between July and December, 2004 and analyzed using SAS program (1991). Of a sample of 2,426 animals slaughtered, 2,103 (86.6%) were cows. The prevalence of PC slaughtered was 37.3%. Majority (83%) of the cows slaughtered were below 9 years of age. The PC slaughtered (7.5 years) were significantly (p © 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Pregnant Cow, Metritis, Fetus, Ovarian inactivity, Reproductive Pathology, Cameroon


Abstract This study targets the charging scenario for multiple chargeable vehicles at parking lots or charging stations where most vehicles have extended parking time, e.g. at the commercial buildings. All the vehicles are desired to be charged to full prior to the departure time specified, under constrained total charging capacity. A two-stage approximate dynamic programming (TSADP) framework is proposed to determine the optimal charging strategy, utilizing the predicted short-term future information and long-term estimation from historical data. The algorithm is separated into two stages, the optimization stage and approximation stage. The optimization stage is to find the optimal charging strategy for the short-term ahead time horizon. The approximation stage is to approximate the long-term time horizon charging cost, by the way of approximate dynamic programming (ADP). The whole algorithm works as a partial rollout algorithm and partial approximate dynamic programming. The TSADP framework can be integrated into stochastic programming framework, when the short-term information is uncertain with probabilities. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly decrease the energy cost.


'Emancipation' has generally been used to mean the freeing of a disadvantaged group from artificially imposed civil disabilities, or the extending of rights enjoyed by the dominant group in society to another group previously denied them. The emphasis has usually been on the rights to be won, and less often on the responsibilities which accompany them. In 'normal' times, resistance to the emancipation of one group by another whose rights, privileges and responsibilities have long been entrenched can be more easily maintained. But in time of crisis, especially in the total wars of the twentieth century, when virtually all members of society are involved, whether through participation in either the armed forces or war-related work on the home front, or through the sacrifices which war brings in terms of casualties and deprivation, 'emancipation' can become a more


Phase transitions are caused by varying temperature, or pressure, or magnetic field. The observation of 1st order magneto-structural transitions has created application possibilities based on magnetoresistance, magnetocaloric effect, magnetic shape memory effect, and magneto-dielectric effect. Magnetic field induced transitions, and phase coexistence of competing magnetic phases down to the lowest temperature, gained prominence over a decade ago with theoretical models suggesting that the ground state is not homogeneous. Researchers at Indore pushed an alternative view that this phase coexistence could be due to glasslike kinetic arrest of a disorder-broadened first-order magnetic transition between two states with long-range magnetic order, resulting in phase coexistence down to the lowest temperatures. The CHUF (cooling and heating in unequal field) protocol created at Indore allows the observation of devitrification, followed by melting. I show examples of measurements establishing kinetic arrest in various materials, emphasizing that glasslike arrest of 1st order magnetic transitions may be as ubiquitous as glass formation following the arrest of 1st order structural transitions.


When the Linares case broke in Chicago, the media immediately began contacting ethicists and hospital lawyers in the area. Eventually, and somewh'it wistfully as one paper reported, they were unable to find a single ethicist who did not think that the decisio i should have been made to withdraw treatment from Samuel far earlier in his treatment.' Furthermore, ethicists argued that the family and physician should have made that decision. There was no need to consult with lawyers and especially not with courts. On the other hand, most lawyers contacted felt it was necessary to go to court to obtain permission to withdraw the respirator, since the legal status of such decisions in Illinois (as in most other states) was terribly unclear. Lack of "clarity" was a catchword in these intxviews. This dichotomy between the instinctik e reactions of ethicists and lawyers is natural. It should bc so. The ethicists consulted, philosophers, theologians, and physicians, are all skilled in clinical ethics. Their exper ence confirms the on-the-job training most have received that clinical decisions in medical care involve values that are so rich and complex that they defy easy solutions by appeals to "outside" more objective mechanisms like the courts or the legislature. On the other hand, hospital lawyers are instinctively, by training and experience, p Tone to appeal to mechanisms like the courts and the legislature for "clarification." Without question, as Ronald Cranford argues, this advice in clinical cases is the very essence of why ethics committees were established in the first place, to wrest from the overly cautious and external-minded lawyers the complexity of clinical decisicn-making. * An additional complicating factor in this case was the inability of the physician to move beyond legalistic thinking. But he is not alone. Many physicians are concerned about self-protection along with the care they have for their patients. Further, many suffer the delusion that one can only morally and legally withdraw a respirator from brain-dead patients, not from those who are in a permanent vegetative state or permanent coma. Furthermore, the hospital stood to lose reimbursement on the case; only about 1 / 6 of the cost of care was to come from public aid. This was a major concern for the hospital lawyer, who foresaw complicated self-interest problems for the hospital if it did encourage the family to withdraw care.3


In this work it is demonstrated that they can search holograms of type Fourier in real time, utilizing photosensitive material of the polymeric Norland Optical Adhesive 65® ( NOA 65® ) which, it is mixed with the violet crystal dye (CV); For the record of holograms we use He-Ne laser, of 5 mW of power, in λ= 598 nm spectral line, in the reconstruction we obtains of diffraction efficiency of the 0,216 % in the order one, which almost does not present noise. These holograms are of phase with modulation for index refraction.


Research on the effect of distraction has produced conflicting results and competing theoretical explanations. Nonetheless, distraction has been cited as the process by which violations of conversational expectations influence the outcomes of persuasive communications. In this study, results from 38 studies examining distraction were subjected to meta‐analysis. The results indicate it is necessary to distinguish between communication relevant distraction (produced by behaviors of the source) and communication irrelevant distractors. The former, including violations of conversational expectations, produce attitude change via source valence effects, while the latter, in general, reduce attitude change by reducing message comprehension. The counterarguing hypothesis receives little support, though questions concerning counterargument measures suggest that it may not have been put to a fair test. The type of communication irrelevant distraction influences the reduction in attitude change perhaps due to the co...


Objective:To observe the perfusion fluid at different temperature of percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients,and to explore the influence of temperature patient airframe metabolic perfusion fluid temperature.Methods:80 cases of percutaneous nephroscopiclithotripsy nephrolithotomy patients take a comparative study of the material,80 patients by operation date divided into two groups:heating perfusion fluid group and room-temperature perfusion fluid group.With repeated material of variance analysis,to analyze the different operative time,and different temperature perfusion fluid temperature′s influence of patients.Results:After repeated analysis of variance data,the patient′s body temperature increases with the operative time decreased,the result was statistically significant,the temperature in the heating perfusion fluid group were higher than that in the room-temperature perfusion fluid group,the differences between the two groups also have statistics significance.Conclusion:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotomy patients with 36 to 38 ℃ heating perfusion fluid can effectively reduce the dissipation of body temperature,and maintain the body metabolism.


The present invention relates to reduction of the content of MEHQ acrylic acid or their salts (methoxy hydroquinone) using a continuous adsorption on activated carbon. Particularly MEHQ is removed from the partially neutralized or fully neutralized acrylic acid.


In this paper an approach for a CMOS voltage reference with the ability to calibrate both voltage over temperature behavior and absolute voltage value is presented. This is achieved by electronic controlled trimming of resistances in the PTAT current source and output amplifier. For the transistors in the PTAT current source, the diode connected reference source and the error amplifier a common size of width W = 1µm and length L = 4µm was chosen. The design has a nominal total current consumption of 3.4µA and operates at a minimum supply voltage as low as 800mV for the chosen Vref2 of 700mV . The design can be optimized for even lower current consumption by using higher resistances as well as narrower and/or longer transistors. However, such an adaption increases the chip area due to the larger size of both resistors and FETs.


Certification becomes a prerequisite for tradable products to get legality and access to global market. Each tradable product can choose certificate according to its market destination. However, the application of certification standards are very low in both international (RSPO and ISCC) and domestic (ISPO) standards. This study was focused on the ISPO certification. How large is the gap between current practices and ISPO standard? What are factors that affect adoption of ISPO certification? Does ISPO deliver more access to market for oil palm smallholders? Do smallholders have adequate capacity to meet ISPO standard? These questions have been assessed and discussed in this paper to find answer and alternative way out for smallholders to meet the ISPO standard. The objective of this study is to assess capacity and willingness of oil palm independent smallholders to meet the standard of ISPO certification. This study was conducted in Pelalawan District, Riau Province using a survey method. The result shows that a number of barriers are faced by smallholders to obtain ISPO certification while the opportunity to get better access to local and global market is still uncertain. The adoption of ISPO certificate was influenced by farmers' knowledge on agricultural practices, business  legality, household income, and land-size.


Approximately 1.23 billion people play video games. Gamification is the study of what motivates gamers to invest thousands of hours into these games, and more importantly attempts to derive principles of gamification that can be applied to motivate people to participate in non-video game tasks with equal zeal. Education is one area where gamification is being explored. One gamification principle is to give participants a clear indication of their progress. In video games this is often depicted as 'points'. The typical grade system could be interpreted as a type of point system, but one without much flexibility. Implementation of a bonus point system as an overlay to the standard grade system may allow for more flexibility. In this study this gamification principle was used to motivate students in a first year design course to participate in optional professional development activities and to foster an active online peer feedback and instruction community. With relatively minor modifications and repackaging of an existing evaluation methods students were motivated to give optional oral presentations, attend optional skill development workshops, and to contribute extensively to an online learning community. This implementation of gamification was found to have a net positive effect on student participation in Professional Development activities. Where it succeeded and where it failed will be explored.


In this paper the problem of estimating regression coefficients in seemingly unrelated regression equations under some quadratic losses and matrix losses is discussed. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the uniformly minimum risk equivariant estimator under an affine group and a transitive group of transformations are given respectively. The minimaxity of the least squares estimators are also studied. 1. I N T R O D U C T I O N Consider a model of m seemingly unrelated regression equations (SURE): Yi = Xißt + e, i,j = l,...,m, (1.1) E(ei) = 0,Cov(e,,eJ) = v,jl" where Y, is an »-vector observations; is a known η χ ς, design matrix with rank qt, /3, is a ij) is an unknown positive definite matrix. Putt ing Y = (Y{,... ,Υ^)', β = ( f t , . . . ,pm)\ e = ( e i , . . . ,e' ro)' and X = 1 This work was partially supported by a Hong Kong UGC grant and The National Natural Science Foundation of China.


In her introduction for Japan's Secular Stagnation and Beyond, Radhika Desai concludes, "Each of the writers suggests that a resolution would require a significant paradigm change. All of these imply some sort of socialism." Considering this topic's importance, we organized international symposiums on secular stagnation as a new great depression. Because of the time differences, the symposiums were divided into two parts, with speakers in Japan and North America on March 26, 2023, and speakers in Europe and Asia on May 27, 2023. This special issue is based on the Symposium on Secular Stagnation as a New Great Depression, Part One. This introduction includes (1) the Musashi International Symposium on Secular Stagnation as a New Great Depression, (2) an introduction to the JPE special issue on secular stagnation as a new great depression, and (3) an obituary of Professor Makoto Itoh, one of the editors of Japan's Secular Stagnation and Beyond and organizers of the symposium.


th 1912, the Independent Albanian State started its own life. In front of the Albanian National Movement and all Albanians, especially the Albanian intellectual elite, patriotic and nationalist ones, emerged the duty of rebuilding, organizing, and consolidating the Independent Albanian State. They began thinking, and projecting ways of how to build the new state. At the forefront of this process stood the Albanian Diaspora in America, which had recognized and experienced the ways and the factors that affected and determined the path of development and pro gress of the USA. They tried to exploit and apply their experience for the construction and development of the new Independent Albanian State. Since early, on 28 th


Headaches are common in children; however, assessment can be a challenge in this age group. The description of an attack may not be clear, attacks may be infrequent and so a pattern of attacks may be difficult to ascertain, examination can be difficult, especially in a very young or uncooperative child, and presentation is often accompanied by significant parental anxiety. This article aims to provide a strategy for GPs to differentiate primary from secondary headaches and common primary headache types such as migraine and tension-type headache. It also outlines the primary care management of these conditions.


Increasing concerns about the rising global warming and fluctuating crude oil prices have accelerated the research in a biobased economy over the past few years. In this regard, lactic acid (LA) is one of the major examples of biobased products and finds its applications in the bioplastic, pharmaceutical, and food industries and as a green solvent. LA production is mainly by the microbial fermentation of renewable feedstock. However, the feedstock produced per hectare for LA production has high seasonal variability, is in small quantity, and is distributed over a wide area. In addition, the LA produced within the fermentation broth is dilute and impure. These factors make the overall LA production process energy- and resource-intensive. This article proposes a compact and efficient reactive HiGee stripper-membrane (RHSM) process for industrial grade LA purification. Performance of the proposed RHSM is evaluated based on rigorous modeling and optimization followed by comparison with the conventional reacti...


Summary

To address the lack of guidance in feeding toddlers, the Infant and Toddler Forum has launched a factsheet providing evidence-based portion size ranges of a wide variety of foods. They can be used to limit excess energy intakes in toddlers (aged 1–3 years) and to reassure parents who worry that their toddlers do not eat enough.


Fire retardants improve reaction to fire characteristics such as ignitability and flame propagation. This paper presents the toxicological results of tests performed on eleven pairs of untreated and treated materials, including woods, synthetic materials and textiles (both natural and synthetic). It is shown that the effects of fire retardants on toxicity results can be variable. In addition, the problem of the use of toxicity results is discussed more generally.


In the Clinton impeachment scandal, the organizational strategy of the New Christian Right (NCR) was to adopt one of feminism's only practical political proposals: the legal campaign against sexual harassment. Whether this act constituted a borrowing or a theft is not exactly clear. The rough parallels between the right and the left were not simply incidental but represented the sort of disturbance implicit in Clintonism itself with its conservative economic and foreign policies, on the one hand, and, on the other, its liberal policies on symbolic issues (among them, the issue of gays in the military). Campaigners against sexual harassment have not been confined to the university, but they have tended to see it as the thin edge of the wedge for testing culturalist political theory in general. Anti-harassment policy has been, above all, an experimental policy on college campuses, which in this case links feminist practice to culturalist theory. If the plotting against Clinton by the NCR took its cue from one obvious predecessor (the only one close at hand in the cloistral surroundings of the "Hill"), it sought to preserve it by canceling it in its original-for them, nightmarish-form. This predecessor was, of course, the Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas hearings, which dealt with a spectacular case of alleged harassment. Many Congressional impeachment leaders considered themselves to be replaying and revising this drama, seeking a poetic justice that was biblical. Admittedly, these symbolic parallels may not have played a role in all of the major NCR actors, but the momentum of the impeachment effort certainly accelerated because of the overall climate in which harassment had become a plausible and pervasive charge. Here the cultural left was


Inhibiting a protein involved in insulin and adrenergic signaling may improve metabolic disorders. Counteracting the effects of a bad diet Obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance, a state in which tissues become less sensitive to insulin and which is a risk factor for various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and the accumulation of fat in the liver (a condition called hepatic steatosis). β-Adrenergic signaling promotes lipolysis in white adipose tissue and the energy-burning function of brown adipose tissue, and the kinase G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) inhibits this pathway and also decreases insulin sensitivity. To determine whether targeting GRK2 could be used to treat obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Vila-Bedmar et al. genetically ablated GRK2 in adult mice after they had become obese and developed insulin resistance by eating a high-fat diet. GRK2 deletion prevented these mice from gaining more weight and developing induced hepatic steatosis on the high-fat diet and improved their glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity and predisposes individuals to various prevalent pathological conditions. G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) integrates several signal transduction pathways and is emerging as a physiologically relevant inhibitor of insulin signaling. GRK2 abundance is increased in humans with metabolic syndrome and in different murine models of insulin resistance. To support GRK2 as a potential drug target in type 2 diabetes and obesity, we investigated whether lowering GRK2 abundance reversed an ongoing systemic insulin-resistant phenotype, using a mouse model of tamoxifen-induced GRK2 ablation after high-fat diet–dependent obesity and insulin resistance. Tamoxifen-triggered GRK2 deletion impeded further body weight gain, normalized fasting glycemia, improved glucose tolerance, and was associated with preserved insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and liver, thereby maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. Moreover, when continued to be fed a high-fat diet, these animals displayed reduced fat mass and smaller adipocytes, were resistant to the development of liver steatosis, and showed reduced expression of proinflammatory markers in the liver. Our results indicate that GRK2 acts as a hub to control metabolic functions in different tissues, which is key to controlling insulin resistance development in vivo. These data suggest that inhibiting GRK2 could reverse an established insulin-resistant and obese phenotype, thereby putting forward this enzyme as a potential therapeutic target linking glucose homeostasis and regulation of adiposity.


INCE 1955 many newcomers have joined the ranks of petroleum producing and exporting states; outstanding among these newcomers are Algeria, Libya, and Nigeria. The resulting geographical diffusion of petroleum production has reduced significantly the dependence of petroleum-importing countries on just a few exporting states located mainly in the MIiddle East. This reduced dependence has increased the political stability of the international petroleum industry and has encouraged the flow of additional investments as well as the entry of new firms into petroleum production outside of developed countries. The flow of investments and entry of new firms has increased competition for concession areas which has tended to produce a new, geographically much more diversified, pattern of petroleum activities in the underdeveloped countries. This trend has been assisted by improvements in transportation techniques which permit easier development of rugged terrain and offshore areas, and greater centralization of services for petroleum development. The growth of petroleum product consumption in underdeveloped countries as well as the greater stability of the industry has encouraged additional investments and the entry of new firms into marketing in these countries. As a result, the earlier marketing pattern of limited retail services supplied from a few bulk depots has been replaced by an increased, geographically much more diffused, retailing pattern drawing supplies from a complete regional system of bulk depots. The growth of consumption also permitted the construction of refineries. The threshold for establishment


A large anomalous attenuation and depolarization scattering have been observed in y -cut, x -direction propagating LiNbO 3 proton exchanged waveguides at 0.632 μm wavelength. We observe this phenomenon only when the mode effective index is smaller than the ordinary index n_{0} (n_{0} = 2.286) . The effect is caused by phase-match scattering into the substrate. Exchange solutions with various mole percentages of lithium benzoate have been used and the same phenomenon has been consistently observed.


Chapter 1. Introduction to International Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards. Appendix A: Current International Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards and SIC/IFRIC. Appendix B: The IOSCO Recommendations for the Use of International Accounting Standards. Appendix C: Case Study Illustrating Possible Supplemental Treatments under the IOSCO's Recommendations. Appendix D: US GAAP Reconciliation and Restatement. Appendix E: Summary of Changes Made by IASB Improvements Project. Chapter 2. Balance Sheet. Chapter 3. Income Statement, Statement of Changes in Equity, and Statement of Recognized Gains and Losses. Chapter 4. Cash Flow Statement. Chapter 5. Financial Instruments Cash and Receivables. Chapter 6. Inventory. Chapter 7. Revenue Recognition, Including Construction Contracts. Appendix: Accounting under Special Situations Guidance from US GAAP. Chapter 8. Property, Plant, and Equipment. Chapter 9. Intangible Assets. Chapter 10. Interests in Financial Instruments, Associates, Joint Ventures, and Investment Property. Appendix: Schematic Summarizing Treatment of Investment Property. Chapter 11. Business Combinations and Consolidated Financial Statements. Chapter 12. Current Liabilities, Provisions, Contingencies, and Events After the Balance Sheet Date. Chapter 13. Financial Instruments Long-Term Debt. Chapter 14. Leases. Appendix A: Special Situations Not Yet Addressed by IAS 17. Appendix B: Leveraged Leases. Chapter 15. Income Taxes. Appendix: Accounting for Income Taxes in Interim Periods. Chapter 16. Employee Benefits. Chapter 17. Stockholders' Equity. Appendix A: Illustration of Financial Statement Presentation. Appendix B: Additional Guidance under US GAAP. Chapter 18. Earnings Per Share. Chapter 19. Interim Financial Reporting. Chapter 20. Segment Reporting. Chapter 21. Accounting Changes and Correction of Errors. Chapter 22. Foreign Currency. Chapter 23. Related-Party Disclosures. Chapter 24. Specialized Industries. Chapter 25. Inflation and Hyperinflation. Appendix: Monetary vs. Nonmonetary Items. Chapter 26. Government Grants. Chapter 27. First-Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards. Appendix A: Disclosure Checklist. Appendix B: Illustrative Financial Statements Presented under IAS. Appendix C: Comparison of IAS, US GAAP, and UK GAAP. Index.


Psychological and Physiological 2 CERTIFICATION STATEMENT I herby certify that this paper constitutes my own product, that where the language of others is set forth, quotation marks so indicate and that appropriate credit is given where I have used the language, ideas, expressions, or writings of another. ABSTRACT The problem is that the Atlanta Fire Rescue Department (AFRD) has been unable to link the effects of the various types of stress on firefighters, following two of the department's recent Line of Duty Deaths (LODD). The purpose of this applied research paper was to determine how stress affects firefighters and to use the findings to influence the reduction of the occurrence of serious injuries and death to fire personnel. Research questions sought to find the various types of stress that firefighters endure as well as how the stress affects the properties of the body and the mind. The other research questions asked how firefighters manage their stress and prepare their bodies and mind to perform efficiently under stress. A descriptive research method was used which included a survey and a vital signs study of active firefighters within AFRD. The research yielded that there is a marked increase in physiological response to perceived stress as well as physical exertion of firefighters.


In this work, we show how drone detection and classification can be enabled by leveraging a database of radar cross section (RCS) signatures. First, we present a set of measurement results of the RCS of a carbon fiber drone model at 28 GHz. The measurements were performed in an anechoic chamber and provide essential information about the RCS signature of the specific drone. Then, we assess the RCS-based detection probability and the range error by running simulations in urban environments. The drones were positioned at different distances, from 30m to 90m, and the RCS signatures used for the detection and classification were obtained experimentally.


The United Nations recently revised and published new Sustainable Development Goals for the next 15 years. At least six of the 17 goals are directly linked to water, and several others are indirectly affected by water issues. Water is central to achieving the goals and water-related issues have been identified by the World Economic Forum as some of the biggest risks the world is facing in the future. Efficient measures to address the issues require integrated approaches, such as the Water Poverty Index (WPI). WPI is a holistic tool to assess water resources in an integrated way, combining water resource availability, social dimensions of access and capacity to manage water resource as well as the environmental requirements for utilization of water. This thesis examines the spatio-temporal distribution and the causes of water poverty in Lao PDR through WPI. Laos is located in Monsoon Asia with extreme seasonal differences in water availability. Due to this seasonality, WPI is developed in a manner that allows computing dry and wet season WPI separately and comparing them in a meaningful way. Exploratory (spatial) data analysis as well as spatial data mining methods are employed to investigate the distribution and causes of water poverty. The research is based on freely available data, and R code used in the analyses are openly published at http://markokallio.fi/waterpoverty/. Significant spatial and temporal differences are found. Water poverty is high in the rural areas and in the mountains, while the low-lying lands near the Mekong river exhibit relatively low water poverty. Three provinces; Xekong, Oudomxai and Phongsaly are very poor, while the area around Vientiane Capital show least water poverty. Major difference is found also between seasons with WPI increasing in the water-rich more than in the water-poor areas as the wet season starts. In addition, it was found that in some locations, water poverty is higher during the wet season than in the dry season. The main causes driving water poverty are found to be Use and Access related, and in relative terms, Capacity related (especially village road access). Resource availability is problematic mainly in the western and northwestern provinces during the dry season.


We have investigated periodic arrays of 150 and 175 nm wide GaAs-AlAs quantum wires and quantum dots, fabricated by electron beam lithography and SiCI 4 /O 2 reactive ion etching, by means of reciprocal space mapping using triple axis x-ray diffractometry (TAD). The reciprocal space maps reveal that after the fabrication process the lattice constant along the growth direction slightly increases for the wires and even more so for the dots.


"Us" and "them" on being older coping and failing to cope speed of behaviour our changing brain belonging - supportive relationships belonging - place and purpose looking back finding meaning reconstructing reality.


Helical piles provide many advantages over other conventional piles system. Most studies focuses on the performance of these piles in the dry and fully saturated soils. Rare studies are curried out to evaluate the performance of helical piles in partially saturated soils. Small scale models of steel piles of 600mm length with single, double, and triple helices have been embedded in cohesion less soil a depth of 400mm, the inner pipe diameter (d) was 20 mm and the helix diameter (D) was 50mm with spacing between helices of 3D, (i.e wing ratio (S/D) of 3). The models were tested using different soil saturations conditions (dry, fully saturated, and partially saturated soils). A pipe pile model was tested as a reference for bearing capacity improvement ratio. The results showed that the helical pile models and the pipe pile in fully saturation condition have less ultimate capacity compared to other soil conditions. The increment of bearing capacity increased for partially saturated soils than that of fully saturated soil by 1.5 to 1.8 times. The percentage of improvement of bearing capacity for additional helices single double and triple, embedded within fully saturation soil were 33.3%, 45.0% and 108.3% respectively, than shaft pile only.


The relation between weighted derivatives of Bernstein operators and the smoothness of functions to be approximated is obtained by using the module of smoothness ω2φλ(f,t)w.


This book examines the vocational socialisation
processes that young people must undertake in order
to be offered a full time contract by an English
professional football club. Aspiring young
footballers often make speculative decisions about
career choice during the years which Ginsberg
described as the 'fantasy period'. This work looks at
early career choice and also the factors that
influence an aspiring elite performer. After
surveying recent developments within professional
football at youth level, a case study of an English
football league club draws upon documents,
interviews, privileged insider observation, and a
sustained qualitative and ethnographic study of the
socialisation process into the incipient occupational
culture. The findings identify the conditions of
habitus for a professional footballer, the changing
dimensions to social class within the game and the
effects recent changes have had on clubs and young
players hoping to enter professional football as a
career. This book should interest sports academics
and parents wishing to gain an in-depth
understanding of the English professional game at
youth level.


Teratological seed cones of Cupressus vietnamensis (Farjon & T.H. Nguyên) Silba showing apical and axillary vegetative proliferations were investigated. This showed that the apical proliferation represents a simple elongation of the cone axis. A full transitional series from basal fertile peltate cone scales to the distal, decussate, sterile scaly trophophylls at the proliferation was documented. The investigations of the axillary proliferations show that here ovules are replaced by a homologous vegetative axillary shoot. It is suggested that the primitive condition of the Cupressaceae seed cones was an open, loose, polyaxial inflorescence, before the ovuliferous short shoot (= seed scale) was strongly reduced, so that in most derived Cupressaceae the seed scale is reduced to its ovules, which finally leads to the formation of the compact seed cone structure in living Cupressaceae.


The autotoxins of muskmelon are one of the most important reasons for the continuous cropping obstacle of muskmelon, of which the main components are phenolic acids. Phenolic acids can inhibit the growth and development of muskmelon plants. The purpose of this study was to screen the strains that can degrade phenolic acids in soil. Using phenolic acids as the sole carbon source, the strains were isolated and screened by the dilution plate method, which could efficiently degrade various phenolic acids. The abilities of the strains to degrade phenolic acids were measured by HPLC, and the effects of degrading phenolic acids in soil were verified by a pot experiment. After identification, strain T58 was identified as Burkholderia sp., strain T79 was identified as Burkholderia sp., strain H16 was identified as Pseudomonas sp., and strain T15 was identified as Burkholderia sp. The results showed that, after 21 days of culture, the degradation rates of ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillin and sinapic acid by strain H16, strain T79, strain T15 and strain T58 were 100%, respectively. Additionally, the degradation rates of gallic acid by the four strains were also 100%. In this study, it was found that the four strains of autotoxin-degrading bacteria had good degradation effects on various phenolic acids, which could not only alleviate the toxic effects of phenolic acids on muskmelon, but also promote the growth of muskmelon seedlings.


The vascularization of the stomach of the muskrat is provided by the celiac artery and its three branches, the splenic, the hepatic and the left gastric artery. Of these, the left gastric vessel constitutes the main blood supply to the organ. Its two terminal branches supply the body of the stomach, forming a rich vascular network for the glandular region of the organ. The other regions of the stomach, the fundus and the pyloric part are poorly vascularized.


This paper titled " A Critical Appraisal of Afrocentrism as Nigeria's Foreign Policy Thrust" discusses Nigeria's Afrocentric foreign policy and the role her Foreign policy has played in ensuring regional stability in West Africa. It was established that the West African sub-region has in recent past has been enmeshed in unprecedented conflicts that threatened the peace and stability of the sub-region. Thus, the nature and complexities of these crises calls for a powerful regional actor such as Nigeria to intervene in the management and resolution of these crises to ensure stability in the region. The study found out that Nigeria stand to gain considerably should her Foreign policy be well articulated and grounded in economic consideration as economic benefits of regional integration will flow into Nigeria which is undoubtedly the economic hub of the region. The paper therefore recommends that Nigeria should continue with the Afrocentric Foreign Policy thrust. However, the government should prioritize the wellbeing of the Nigerian people amongst other things


Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is an abnormal narrowing of the aorta which can occur as an isolated defect or in association with other intracardiac anomalies, in syndromic and non-syndromic patients, with a prevalence of 4 per 1000 live births1. CoA represents a challenge in prenatal diagnostics, and its pathophysiological mechanisms are not well-understood. We report on four dichorionic diamniotic twin pairs presenting with CoA and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in one twin and a discordant phenotype in the cotwin (Table 1). In all cases, the karyotype was normal and the pregnant woman was not diagnosed with an infection or exposed to any identifiable teratogen or medication. The four cases with CoA were diagnosed on postnatal echocardiography and underwent end-to-end anastomosis after birth. Weight discordance of approximately 20% was noted between neonates with CoA and their cotwins. In the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study2, CoA was present in 3.2% of cases, with a 2-fold higher prevalence in twin compared with singleton pregnancies. All cotwins Table 1 Pregnancy and neonatal characteristics of four dichorionic diamniotic twin pairs presenting with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and fetal growth restriction in one of the twins


Usually the body of woman have been represented the place of the national pain and eternity since the colonial period in Korean literatures and arts. Korean realism drama is the same. And the represented women are stereotyped as several types. Then the stereotypes contain the political meaning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the representation appearance and explicate the political meaning. I found the represented women separate into three, and these have taken on as follows. The old-woman/the new-woman placed on binomial opposing relation means the antinomic anxiety of the modern age. The lower classes woman sold sex traffic means the metaphor of nation making into gender. The chaste mother means that the weakening of marital authority and the national crisis was regarded the same light. After all, the represented women is the same as the re-colonialization by the national inner 'man'. Of course, this representation is reflected in the national situation and the patriarchal society. But simultaneously it is ideology which oppresses the streams of the times that need reforming the patriarchal order and ideology. While the winding of modern history-the confrontation of ideology, the war and the partition, the continuance of the dictatorship, ere-is continued, the vanishing point varies as the periods a little, but the custom offering up woman have continued still. This problem is not only the comment for the male central ideology, but also the comment for the weakness of the view of nation, history, society in Korean drama.


Gillian Gee highlights the skills and approach required to meet the needs of a person with sensory loss in a residential environment.


. A human-made environmental disaster due to the shipwrecked of Costa Concordia cruise vessel on the Tuscan Island of Giglio (Italy) coast and the possible pollutants release has been feared, so requiring the activation of removal operations and the monitoring of the marine environment. In the present study, the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile was used as a bioindicator for the impact of the Costa Concordia accident on the marine and coastal habitat. Different P. oceanica samples were collected in the shipwrecked site under different light conditions. Using high-performance thin-layer chromatography, metabolic analysis of the samples was carried out in order to highlight possible changes in the secondary metabolism due to the permanent shading and the presence of pollutant traces. Moreover, sample mutagenicity, as a consequence of the possible absorption of environmental toxicants leaked by the wreck, was assessed by the Ames test. The results highlighted the permanence of the Concordia-induced alter-ation in the plant secondary metabolites. However, absorption of chemical pollutants and carcinogens was not reported; this point was con fi rmed by the lack of mutagenic effects found for the samples tested. Our results clearly evidence that the environmental impact of Costa Concordia wreck and removal operations on P. oceanica was mainly due to the lack of light in the marine habitat. Present methodological approach, which combines metabolomic and genetic ecotoxicological analysis, could represent a suitable strategy to evaluate the impact of human disasters on the ecosystem and to monitor the environmental changes.


Objective Using the method of continuous quality improvement to improve the compliance of washing and disinfecting hands of the staffs.Methods On-site inspection and questionnaire investigation were used to observe the performance and efficiency of compliance of hand-hygiene of the staffs during enforcing the method of continuous quality improvement.Results According to indications and standard about hand-washing,the rate of hand-washing of staffs in the department that enforced CQI before enforcing the CQI was 33.17%;After enforcing the CQI,the rate of hand-washing rose to 87.98%.Result of this management achieved the aim which regulated to above 80%.Difference of hand-washing rates before and after enforcing the CQI was significance.Conclusion Using the method of continuous quality improvement can improve the compliance of hand-hygiene of the staffs.


This article aims to develop a security policy information indicating procedures and standards,based on the ABNT. The implementation of ISO 27001 and ISO 27002 entails greater securityand standardization of services and management accounting information. The object wasjustification for the interview by the author in accounting offices and the research done by firmsPricewaterhouseCoopers and Modulo Security Solutions. The article helps to structure a Systemof Information Security Management (ISMS) based on ISO, following the technical standardsand requirements presented indicated. Polls show strong growth with the global issue ofInformation Security and major problems encountered in accounting offices. In response, theitems were raised minimum standard ISO 27002-related risks relevant accounting and makingan example of the Information Security Policy applies


Voice-over narration remains an overlooked element in the study of archival film practices. Theorists and filmmakers have explored the ways in which voice-over can be employed in documentary and fiction filmmaking, and in the essay film, but there has been little attention to its role in archival film practices. Some of the permutations of voice-over include the use of several pieces of narration from different sources; disembodied narrator; subjective commentary; unreliable narrator; self-reflexive narration, and no voice-over at all. Formal experimentation with voice-over in archival films has allowed filmmakers to introduce their often fragmentary audio-visual materials into new contexts and to establish novel forms of continuity. With equal focus on the aesthetic qualities of voice-over narration and its role in relation to narrative, this thesis examines the use of voice-over in the archival films of Peter Greenaway and Craig Baldwin. Through a close textual analysis of their films, this thesis aims to demonstrate the potential of voice-over narration in shaping the viewer's perception of the archive. It is argued that through an emphasis on the discontinuous nature of archival documents in their films (on thematic as well as formal levels) they construct partially-developed narratives, which serve different ends in each film. It is shown that whereas Greenaway's use of voice-over narration points to the subjectivity of the act of accessing and experiencing the archive, narration in Baldwin's cinema primarily draws attention to socio-political circumstances in which certain audio-visual "documents" have been produced. Interrogating the role of voice-over narration in archival film practices, this thesis concludes with the possibilities for further experimentation and theorization in this field.


Background: The burden of heart failure (HF) is increasing in older adults, yet optimal treatment options are not available. Therefore, prevention efforts are paramount to population HF control. Ph...


Follo established relation between entropy numbers and box-counting dimension.In this paper,we discuss the relation between entropy numbers and packing dimension under some conditions.The lower and upper estimates for the entropy numbers of the invariant sets(fractals)generated by contractions are also given using the d-dimensional packing measures.


The evidence-based medical literature is usually represented graphically as being arranged in a pyramid shape, the idea being that it is spread over several levels, with the higher ones, towards the top of the pyramid, being equated with higher standards and thus, implicitly, better quality evidence. In actual fact, this pyramid-shaped arrangement has given rise to many misconceptions over the years, and has certainly helped to create a sort of ranking not just of scientific output, but also of the producers of scientific research; indeed, those whose work is supported by a higher level of evidence are considered to occupy the higher echelons of the pyramid and thus to be good researchers, while those whose work positions them at the base are considered mediocre ones.


Training students' practical application ability should be put as the basic objective in college English teaching.In the teaching context,students should be made as the center and exert their initiative.Through interactive teaching and classroom activities,autonomous students can be promoted to actively participate in and experience the teaching process,and further to develop and improve their comprehensive language ability.


Abstract We establish a new and accessible notion of a Nichols system, thus providing a foundation to effectively work with them. We study reflections of Nichols systems without constructing necessary functors explicitly, but rather only using how these functors change gradings. We will obtain properties about the geometry of the support of Nichols systems, by looking at iterated reflections.


Trimethyltinlithium reacts with z-1,2-bis(diisopropylamino-chloro-boryl)ethene derivatives 4a (R=Et) and 4b (R=H) to give the cis-1,2-bis(diisopropylamino-trimethyltin-boryl)hexene-3 (2a) and, surprisingly, the trans-1,2-bis(diisopropylamino-trimethyltin-boryl)ethene (5b) respectively. The constitution of 2a and 5b is derived from spectroscopic data, and confirmed by X-ray structure analyses. The formation of the trans-product 5b probably occurs via a radial intermediate


SCODA operates on physical, rather than chemical, molecular properties, using the non-linear response of nucleic acids during electrophoresis to separate them from contaminants. The technology excels in purification of low abundance nucleic acids from heavily inhibited samples and has been demonstrated to provide superior nucleic acid purity and molecular weight compared to conventional technologies2,3.


It was studied the possibility of use as fertilizer the wine yeast, a wine industry waste which results from the settlement of wine after fermentation. Its amount ranges from 12 to 15% of the wine. It has a very heterogeneous composition contains a number of precipitated substances such as tartrates, proteins, polyphenols, polysaccharides, pectin, fats, minerals. The complex and valuable composition of wine yeast show that its utilization is useful both economically and socially, as an indispensable mean to reduce pollutant load of wine cellars and distilleries.


The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, which won 2008 Pulitzer Prize for fiction, is the first novel by Junot Diaz, an American contemporary outstanding Hispanic writer. The novel unfolds gradually from private and familial tragedies with fuku all the way into the meditation on history and country. It condemns dictatorship and racial discrimination, and discloses the hypocrisy of American democracy and equality through the doomed fate of Oscar's family and Oscar particularly.


Through analyzing the characteristics and advantages of DES with multiple energy resources, the thesis drew a conclusion that DES especially solar-diesel complementary system had great potential of energy saving and pollution reduction in Yunnan pharmaceutical industry. The thesis concluded that wind energy utilization plays a leading role for the profit to investment rate of the DES complemented with solar, wind and fossil energy. DES can overcome the limitation of the development for Yunnan pharmaceutical industry and make a contribution to energy saving and pollution reduction.


: Humans live in complex societies although constructed tax systems use rules, laws, supervision, formal incentives, and sanctions by designated agents. The existing national tax laws as promulgated by Indonesia government is a powerful force in behaviour changes. This study claims that individual, in assumptions of the idea of Homo economicus, acts to maximise their own utility. Although utility is often assumed to be monetary, it encompasses more motives than maximising one's own material gain, and often be seen as a set of preferences that can range from preferring through the adequate pursuit of their own happiness. This study also finds that in primordial social aspects, the normative policy implications derived from the existing theory may be misleading when tax evasion is feasible. In addition, a high tax morale (individual attitude) does not necessarily translate into a high level of tax (individual behaviour). interviews but also include other sources of data such as existing research literature and quantitative data. This paper uses a form of purposive sampling, known as theoretical sampling, where participants are selected according to criteria specified by the researcher and based on initial findings. Early analysis of data indicates issues that need exploration; hence the sampling process is guided by the on-going theory development. Interview questions is given as little guidance as possible to allow the interviewees to talk about what is of importance to them regarding a given context. The researcher extracts those phenomena or experiences significant to the interviewee by assigning a conceptual label, known as a code. Several codes can be grouped into more abstract categories which eventually form the basis for the developing theory. Coding highlights problems, issues, concerns and matters of importance to those being studied. The researcher refers to categories as having 'analytic power', due to their potential to explain and predict. 'Constant comparisons' between collected data, codes, categories and initial findings are employed in this to help to crystallise ideas to become part of the emerging theory.


diagnostic teaching based on individual needs rather than grade level expectations, all children would have greater opportunity to develop their reading potential. Reducing the frustration involved with learning is not enough, however, to ensure that children retain the magic excitement of reading. Children need to see the power of reading through having opportunity to put reading to "work." The young child often views reading as a magic key which will open many doors to pleasure. When it gives a child no satisfaction, reading loses this magic. Reading should be immediately


The 3-year longitudinal study of a single cohort (N = 495, average age 13) in Singapore used cluster analytic approach to identify trajectories of adolescents' academic selfconcept and their perceptions of home environment and classroom climate. Four trajectories were identified. They were (1) steeply decreasing, (2) consistently low, (3) moderate and maintaining, and (4) consistently high. Higher-ability stream students were more likely than lower-ability stream students to be in the steeply decreasing group, while adolescents with better Secondary 1 and 2 class positions were more likely to be in the consistently high group. The results suggest that there are unique groups of adolescents in Singapore secondary schools. Some adolescents may have difficulties in adjusting to changes in adolescence; others may have struggled to cope long before they reach adolescence. Some adolescents may face minor 'hiccups' during adjustments while others may cope adequately on their own. As such, the notion of a single theory of adolescence may be too simplistic. Presumably, competing or conflicting theories of adolescence such as Hall's (1904) 'storm and stress' theory and Rutter's (1987) resiliency model may in fact all be relevant, albeit for different subgroups of youth.


The author discusses peasant cooperative legislation origins, considers the basic regulations of the first normative-legal acts, governing the process of peasant cooperative institutions organization and activity, in particular studies the charter of Rozhdestvensk Agricultural Loan-Saving Association, the model charter of a loan-saving association of 1871, the regulation on employment for rural work and other normative-legal acts, and reveals the negative and positive aspects of the mentioned laws.


Anisotropy is an important feature of elastic wave propagation in the Earth, and can arise from a variety of ordered architectures such as fractures with preferential alignments or lattice‐preferred orientations. We studied regional variations in shear wave anisotropy beneath southern Kii Peninsula, which is located above the subducting Philippine Sea plate, using waveforms of local earthquakes observed with a dense seismic network. The fast directions of polarization are normal to the strike of the plate margin in the proximity of the locked portion of the underlying mega‐thrust fault, but they are subparallel to the strike of the margin along the fault's down‐dip extension. The distribution of the fast directions roughly coincides with that of the maximum horizontal compressive stress axis directions as inferred from earthquake focal mechanisms and borehole stress measurements. This indicates that the observed anisotropy is likely controlled by crustal stresses. Furthermore, the directions of the stress‐induced anisotropy correlate well with variations of the plate coupling ratio along the plate boundary as inferred from geodetic measurements. These results indicate the possibility that crustal anisotropy within an overlying plate can be used as an effective measure to monitor temporal variations of the plate coupling strength during the interseismic period.


This study examines the problem of steady, MHD, mixed convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a semi-infinite vertical permeable plate with slip condition at the boundary layer. The flow field is exposed to the influence of buoyancy, Ohmic heating and Soret effects. The governing equations include the continuity, linear momentum, energy and mass transfer equations which are solved analytically by using perturbation method. The results of this parametric study on the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed. The effect of shear stress, rate of heat and mass transfer coefficients at the channel walls are displayed in tables.


The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) have agreed to abandon the chemists' scale of atomic weight, based on weight of oxygen = 16, and the physicists' scale of atomic mass, based on the oxygen isotope, O16 = 16. These are to be replaced by a single scale in which the reference standard is the carbon isotope, C12, to which is assigned the mass of exactly 12. The history of the development and the consequences are discussed.


Oil spill dispersant is one of the important countermeasures for marine oil spill.The performance of oil dispersants directly affects the treating effectiveness,and the toxicity to marine organisms has been paid more attention.The dispersants used in ports,docks and on ships for oil spill should be approved by China maritime safety administration.Their performance,including appearance,pH,burning point,dynamic viscosity,emulsion efficiency(30 s,10 min),acute toxicity and biodegradation,has been assessed based on the test experiments results in this paper.The discussion is helpful for the use,regulation,as well as supervision and testing of oil spill dispersants in China.


This paper analyzes the developing laws of track and field world record by studying the setting up of the world records,the countries,cities,sexes and ages of people the records.


This paper focuses on the problem of finite-time H∞ control for stochastic time-delayed Markovian switching systems with partly known transition rates and nonlinearity. By employing an appropriate Lyapunov function and some appropriate free-weighting matrices, a state feedback controller is designed to ensure H∞ finite-time boundedness of the resulting closed-loop system that contains time-varying delay, admissible external disturbance, It -type stochastic disturbance and nonlinearity. All the proposed conditions are established in the form of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the validity of the main results.


The present study deals with an investigation of language learning strategies of 622 Chinese university freshmen. A 58-item learning strategy questionnaire was used to collect data. The computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) for Windows 10.0 was used to help analyze the data. The present study provides new evidence for a substantial relationship between strategy use and proficiency. The metacognitive strategies and the cognitive strategies concerning functional practice of language are important in achieving success in language learning. There are number differences in the use of learning strategies among different proficiency learners. There is a positive linear relationship between learning strategy use and proficiency. The mother tongue strategies have negative effects on learning, so learners should use them as less as possible.


Risk management is a well-established and effective way of ensuring the healthy development of agricultural products green supply chain. It is necessary to identify the risks of the agricultural products green supply chain based on systematic analysis. Finally, we provide the risk management measures of agricultural products green supply chain.


Models in evolutionary ecology have been applied to non-human decision making for decades. Archaeologists have been especially attracted to foraging models, because the evidence of past subsistence activities is a common component of the archaeological record world-wide. No foraging model, though, accounts for the effects of subsistence technology. The 'Tech Investment Model' we describe here does just this. Assuming that most technologies serve to reduce handling time, a critical component of a resource's profitability, the model generates predictions about how much time an individual should invest in any particular technology. Although preliminary, data from an initial test case in the Great Basin conform to the general expectations of the model. Most importantly, the exercise forces attention to the relationships between tools and the resources handled with them, and has implications for subsistence transitions world-wide.


Recent experiments on thinning of single liquid films formed from concentrated, monodispersed colloidal dispersions have shown that these films stratify, become thinner, in a stepwise fashion. Stratification has been observed in films formed with surfactant micellar solutions. The phenomenon is explained by us on the basis of the formation of periodic colloid structures induced by structural transition occurring inside the thinning film. We now show that this is a universal phenomenon and present new results for films formed from concentrated suspensions of silica particles as well as polystyrene latexes with a narrow size distribution and prevailing repulsive forces. Using both the reflected light microinterferometric and the transmitted multiple light scattering imaging techniques, the transition from the initial periodic colloid structure to the formation of local particle networks or percolation clusters due to particle bonding or sticking has been observed at high concentrations inside the film for the first time. The effects of particle concentration, size polydispersity, and surfactant concentration on the oscillatory structure stability of films are reported. Calculations are presented for the structural contributions to the disjoining pressure, which arises from particle interactions when the concentration is increased, and this pressure is shown to balance the capillary pressure andmore » to stop the film thinning process. 23 refs., 14 figs.« less


Observational advances over the last decade reveal that star formation is associated with the simultaneous presence of gravitationally collapsing gas, bipolar outflow, and an accretion disk. Two theoretical views of star formation suppose that either stellar mass is determined from the outset by gravitational instability, or by the outflow which sweeps away the collapsing envelope of initially singular density distributions. Neither picture appears to explain all of the facts. This contribution examines some of the key issues facing star formation theory.


In many countries, incredible investments have been made in constructing roads that require conducting periodic evaluation and timely maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) plan to keep the network operating under acceptable level of service. The timely M&R plan necessitates accurately predicting pavement performance, which is an essential element of road infrastructure asset management systems or Pavement Management Systems (PMS). Consequently, there is always a need to develop and to update performance prediction models embedded in PMS applications. This study focuses in developing distress prediction models for flexible pavements located in non-freeze climatic zone, which represent most of developing countries such as Egypt, using data extracted from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. Ten distress performance prediction models were developed in this study for both wet- and dry-non freeze climatic zones, which are alligator (Fatigue) cracking, longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, ravelling, bleeding, and rut depth models. These models can play an important role assisting decision makers in predicting pavement performance, identifying M&R needs, rational budget planning and resource allocation.


Using the techniques of in-beam ..gamma..-ray spectroscopy, in high-spin states in the odd-mass /sup 119en-dash125/Cs have been studied via the /sup 106/Cd(/sup 16/O,p2n)/sup 119/Cs, /sup 110en-dash114/Cd(/sup 14/N,3n)/sup 121en-dash125/Cs, and /sup 116,118/Sn(/sup 10/B,3n)/sup 123,125/Cs reactions on enriched, self-supporting targets. Two distinct collective features are observed in the resulting level schemes: ..delta..J = 2 bands built on the 11/2/sup -/ (1h/sub 11/2/ quasiproton) states, and ..delta..J = 1 bands built on the 9/2/sup +/ (1g/sub 9/2/ proton-hole) states. The 9/2/sup +/ bandheads, believed to result from the excitation of the 1g/sub 9/2/ proton across the Z = 50 closed shell, are observed at surprisingly low energies, becoming the ground state in /sup 119/Cs. The systematics of the 9/2/sup +/ ..delta..J = 1 bands are presented and discussed in terms of the particle-plus-rotor and particle-plus-vibrator models. A deformed structure relationship between the excitation of a 1g/sub 9/2/ proton and the excitation of a pair of 1g/sub 9/2/ protons across the Z = 50 closed shell is discussed.


The design area of enterprise image in digital times has been expanding.The digital technology has brought new tendency to the design of enterprise image.It leads to the design language reconstruction of enterprise image and promotes its digital process.The design of enterprise image in digital times has become even richer and diversified.


In an ideal world, characterized by the ever increasing, linear type of history described by Jacques Turgot, in case developing countries have a higher growth rate than developed ones they may catch up in a number of years that can be easily computed. Unfortunately, history has the tendency of not being linear and, the more so, of not being ever increasing from the point of view of economic and social development. And changes in development patterns do occur because of changes in technology, energy sources, ideologies, demography and many other reasons.


Objective This study's aim was to identify the genetic causes in a patient with phenylketonuria and hearing loss, liver disease, developmental and mental retardation, hypotonia, and external ophthalmoplegia. Methods Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing analysis were used to determine the genetic causes of manifestations in a young boy with hearing loss, liver disease, develop-mental and mental retardation, hypotonia, and external ophthalmoplegia. Results We found that the child harbored polymerase gamma (POLG) compound heterozygous mutations, c.2617G>A (p.E873K) and c.3550G>A (p.D1184N), and phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) compound heterozygous mutations, c.721C>T (p.R241C) and c.728G>A (p.R243Q). Among them, the POLG p.E873K mutation is a novel mutation and is not present in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, Genome Aggregation database, and 1000 Genomes database. The two heterozygous mutations were each inherited from both of the child's parents. This finding suggested that the phenotype and the genotype were segregated. Conclusion Using whole-exome sequencing, we not only identified PAH mutations causing phenylketonuria, but also identified the genetic cause of the mitochondrial disease and found a novel POLG mutation. Our findings could be useful in helping future parents obtain healthy embryos through assisted reproductive technology.


The phrases "Black English," "Black Dialect," and "Black Language" are relatively new phenomena. For 400 years, the oral communicative patterns of black Americans have been considered "substandard," "corrupt," "ungrammatical," and "sloppy." Black people have been accused of "destroying the English language" and of exhibiting pronunciation "errors" related to ignorance and to laziness. Such language patterns were believed to be the primary reason for the lack of economic progress of the black man in America, as the language patterns were considered the "last barrier to integration" (Green, 1963). It was not until 1964 that researchers at the Center for Applied Linguistics recognized the consistency of linguistic patterns in the speech of black individuals. They observed that the "nonstandard" patterns of black speech were not accidental, but had a predictable sound pattern, grammatical structure, and vocabulary. They were the first to recognize the legitimacy of black speech as a "well-ordered, highlydeveloped linguistic system" used for communication in the


Abstract : This report presents and summarizes the results of tests conducted at the Naval Weapons Center to study the Effectiveness of personal protective equipment used in operations involving propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics, and other high-energy materials. Criteria used to evaluate the equipment and the limitations of each type of equipment are discussed. Variables to be controlled or included in future tests are also discussed.


Problem: The self-theory is an important construct related to mental health and adaptive functioning and is distinct from self-esteem or self-efficacy. However. no instrument exists to assess one's self-theory. Thus, the purpose of the present research was to develop the Self-Theory Scale assessing positive and negative self-theories across 10 life domains--physical appearance, physical health, intelligence, academic performance, occupational performance, leisure activities, personality, family, intimate relationships, and friendships. Methods: Two studies were conducted among college students attending a Midwestern university to develop the Self-Theory Scale. Study 1 aimed to develop the scale, establish internal consistency, test-retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. Study 2 aimed to confirm the demonstrated reliability and validity and address construct and criterion validity. Results: The resulting Self-Theory Scale contained 40 items assessing positive and negative self-theories across the ten life domains. The scale demonstrated internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent, discriminant, construct, and criterion validity. Conclusions: In summary, the Self-Theory Scale may be an important tool for college campus personnel for promoting the strengths of college students. It may also be a useful resource for researchers interested in examining long-term impact of specific strengths on adaptive functioning, particularly during the college years. Keywords: assessment, self-theory, self-esteem, scale development Introduction Snyder (1989) defined self-concept as a set of images that one holds about oneself across a variety of situations, emphasizing that the self-concept may vary from one context to the next. These multiple self-images are components of a more complex self-theory, which tend to be relatively unchanging (Janoff-Bulman & Schwartzberg, 1991). In appraising one's self concept and, thus, the self-theory, at least two crucial dimensions are involved. First, one must assess the valence of an event or outcome (i.e., the degree to which the event is positive or negative). Second, one must assess one's own causal linkage to that event or outcome. Often, it is difficult to view either valence or linkage in isolation because these events are so yoked to each other (Snyder, 1991). Snyder (1991 ) suggests that, at an early age, people develop an idea of their personal capabilities and values. As time passes, children gain an understanding of their causal impact on the surrounding environment and learn that being associated with good behavior is followed by desirable outcomes and being associated with bad behavior is followed by undesirable outcomes. This often results in the tendency to attribute good outcomes to oneself and to attribute bad outcomes to outside factors (Snyder, Higgins, & Stucky, 1983). In some instances, however, individuals may develop negative self-theories in which they see themselves as being linked to negative outcomes and lacking control of the events in their lives, which may be due to a number of developmental, environmental, and genetic factors. Snyder and colleagues (Snyder, Higgins, & Stucky, 1983; Snyder, 1985; Snyder & Higgins, 1988a, 1988b; Snyder, 1989) describe reality negotiation as a cognitive activity aimed at interpreting situations in ways that validate, preserve, or amplify one's self-theory. Positive self-schemas or self-theories result in a feeling of well-being and good mental health (Segal & Blatt, 1993), whereas negative self-theories may produce emotional distress (Segal & Blatt, 1993) and lead to cognitive distortions resulting in depression (Beck & Rush, 1978) and other chronic psychological problems (Snyder, 1991). Thus, the self-theory could play an important role in conceptualizing individuals and identifying strengths upon which to capitalize. …


The kinetics of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate degradation in depleted human erythrocytes was studied by the high-resolution /sup 31/P-NMR technique. A plateau was found on the kinetic curve in the first 1.5-2 h after the beginning of depletion. The mechanisms that may be responsible for the existence of such a plateau are discussed.


The instructional theory,as the combination of facts and values about,studies the laws of instructional facts and values.The attitude in research,the low application level of statistic method in research,the low reliability of instructional theory knowledge,and the conflict in the period of social transformation between individual and social value in instruction are the main issues of the instructional theory research.The main solutions to these problems are to enhance the instructional researchers' scientific attainments,to improve the academic standard and norm,to establish the academic belief,to strengthen the research of the instructional theory history,to turn the instructional theory more scientific,to strengthen the basic research of social transformation and cultural changes,to grasp the developing tendency of value relation between individuality and society,and to research and establish the new human-oriented instructional value relation.


14 cases of rare, primary iliac, pubic and ischial bone tumours or tumorous conditions are reported. These include aneurysmal bone cyst, eosinophilic granuloma, cavernous haemangioma, osteoid osteoma, fibrous dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia with sarcomatous degeneration, chondrosarcoma, lymphoma and atypical malignant histiocytosis. The possibilities to be considered in the accurate radiographic recognition of primary tumours of iliac, pelvic and ischial bones are discussed.


We analyzed light intensity distributions in a subwavelength fluorescent film, which was excited by a focused electron beam. We have developed an analyzing method using Monte Carlo simulation and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Electron scattering and trajectories were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. Propagation and scattering of light excited with the electrons was calculated by FDTD method. A nanometric light spot was formed on the fluorescent film surface and its light intensity and its full width at half maximum (FWHM) were evaluated. We discuss the intensity and the FWHM dependence on the thickness of the fluorescent thin film and the acceleration voltage of an incident electron beam.


Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks(UWSNs) could enable a broad range of applications. Data aggregation is a fundamental task in multi-hop wireless sensor networks; to the best of our knowledge, none of existing research works have addressed the interference-free data aggregation scheduling problem in UWSNs. In this paper, we formally define the data aggregation models in UWSNs, together with the formulation of the Minimum-Latency Aggregation Scheduling(MLAS) problem. We construct an aggregations schedule together with a theoretical latency bound CR(?


The invention provides a method for preparing a gold nanorod-graphene thin film composite structure on a graphene thin film by using ITO (indium tin oxide) glass as a baseplate. The method comprises the following processing steps: 1, a graphene oxide dispersing liquid is dropped on the ITO glass baseplate and dried to form a graphene oxide thin film, and the graphene oxide thin film is reduced to the graphene thin film by using hydrazine hydrate; 2, a gold seed is introduced on the surface of the graphene thin film and immersed into a gold nanorod growth solution to enable the gold seed to grow into a gold nanorod on the surface of the graphene thin film, the gold nanorod and a gold nanorod thin film are prepared through controlling the growth solution concentration and the growth time to form the composite structure with the graphene thin film. According to the invention, the method for efficiently preparing the gold nanorod-graphene thin film composite structure is provided; the technological process of the method is simple and low in cost; the composite structure has the characteristics of transparency, conductivity, and ductility, and has wide application prospect in the fields of medical monitoring, nanometer biomedicine and the like.


Copyright © Taylor & Francis 2001. ISSN 0001–6470. Printed in Sweden – all rights reserved. The need for documentation is as obvious in spinal surgery as in other medical specialties. New diagnostic tools, such as CT and MRI, have proved better than myelography for making diagnoses. However, these modalities are hampered by a high number of false positive findings; disc herniation, for example, is present in 30–50% of asymptomatic subjects (Weinreb et al. 1989, Boden et al. 1990), and spinal stenosis in about 20% (Kent et al. 1992). This means that a certain morphological diagnosis does not have a definite clinical and diagnostic significance. This, in turn, means that the patient description in lumbar spine surgery should include other variables, subjective and objective, than just the diagnosis. Outcome classification is also difficult, as most procedures aim at pain relief and must be classified into soft data, such as reduction of pain, satisfaction with surgery and so on. Revision surgery as the end point is probably not sufficient for the successful registers of hip and knee arthroplasty in the future, and it would be meaningless in spinal surgery. Registration of functional outcome has to be more complex with more data and, consequently, inherent drawbacks (risk of incomplete data and complicated determination of outcome). However, in today's hard competition for resources, it is mandatory to perform outcome studies on lumbar spine surgery. Randomized controlled trials can answer specific questions, but broad registrations are important complement and should be carried out on a national or international basis. Today, there is an increasing demand for patient-based data to compare outcomes and the lumbar spine register makes a serious effort to fulfil this demand in a comprehensive way.


The Indian Cashew industry provides employment to more than 5 lakh people both directly and indirectly, particularly in the rural areas. The total earnings from export of cashew kernel and cashew nut shell liquid have increased from 2,053.49 crores in 2000-01 to` 5,488.66 crores in 2014-15. India is facing tough competition from Vietnam and Brazil in the exports of Cashew Kernels. The NPC for the period 2015-16 under exportable hypothesis USA, UAE and Netherlands were 0.85, 0.93 and 0.87 respectively and they were less than one, which also revealed that the domestic prices received by the farmers were lower than the international prices, which also implied that the domestic producers were dis-protected or rather taxed compared to a situation prevailing under free trade condition. USA was one of the most stable country among the major importers both of Indian cashew kernel and cashew nut shell liquid as indicated by the high retention probability of 0.765 and 90.10% respectively. The major competitors for India in the world market are Vietnam and Brazil. A dependency on one or two export market would increase the trade risk in the near future. Hence, appropriate export promotion strategies are to be evolved to diversify the geographical concentration.


Synchronization of narrow-band data signals is plagued by self-noise arising from the randomness of the data stream. The disturbance can be resolved into in-phase and quadrature components with respect to the recovered carrier or clock. Only the quadrature component necessarily contributes to phase jitter of the recovered reference. Spectrum of the quadrature component, in many cases, vanishes at the reference frequency. Circuit precautions are needed to avoid cross coupling the in-phase disturbance into phase jitter.


AbstractOn freeways, managed lanes (MLs) have emerged as an effective dynamic traffic management strategy. MLs have been successfully implemented as an important facility in improving traffic mobil...


Most health authorities suggest limiting added sugar consumption. In Canada and the US, current nutrition labels require information for total sugars, with no differentiation between naturally occurring sugars or added sugars, and do not provide a % daily value (%DV) as a reference of recommended consumption. An online study was conducted with 2,010 young people ages 16 to 24 from across Canada. Participants were asked questions regarding perceptions of sugar and recommendations for sugar intake. Participants were then shown one of three current nutrition labels including ingredients lists labeled with information for: total sugar only; total + added sugar; or total + added sugar + %DV for added sugar, and asked if there was any added sugar in the product, and if the amount of added sugar was a little, a moderate amount, or a lot. In total, 59% reported thinking of sugar in grams, 33% in teaspoons and 8% in other measures. Overall, 3% of participants correctly reported the recommended limit for added sugar as <10% of energy intake. Participants were more likely to correctly identify that the product contained added sugar when labeled (95% in total + added sugar and 93% in total + added sugar + %DV vs. 78% total sugar only, p<0.05). When asked, 55% of participants in total + added sugar condition and 73% of those in total + added sugar + %DV condition correctly identified added sugar content as 'a lot', compared to 42% in the total sugar only condition (p<0.05). Improved labeling may improve consumer knowledge of added sugar and levels of added sugar in food products. This research may help inform recently announced reformatting of Nutrition Facts information on prepackaged food items in Canada and the US.