The article is devoted to the analysis of criminal behavior biological determinants, namely the influence of temperament on a person's deviance. Biological factors play a significant role in the formation of criminal behavior. They determine the specific nature of a person's reactions to any influences.
It is determined that temperament is a set of certain properties that quite stably characterize the dynamic features of the individual's psyche. In each case, it is fixed in the form of a psychological concept form of manifestation inherent in a particular individual lifestyle. Activity, reactivity, sensitivity, plasticity, extraversion, rate of reactions, emotionality, largely determine how a person lives, how he establishes and implements his relationship with the world.
Several theories of temperament and its relationship with criminal behavior are analyzed there. It has been found that biological theories of determining criminal behavior were probably one of the first from another ones. Most biological theories arose within the criminological study of society.
 It is determined that in criminological reseaches, the study of temperament as a biological determinant of deviant behavior began to appear only in the late twentieth century in the works of American scientists. The main explanation for this fact is that much of the temperament research has been conducted by psychologists who study children at a very early age - long before they detect truly criminal behaviors. Manifested in the dynamic features of the human psyche and behavior, each type of temperament can have its advantages and disadvantages.
Modern criminological research allows us to conclude that it is not a specific form of deviant behavior (for example, criminal) that is inherited, but rather individual psychological traits that increase the likelihood of deviance, such as impulsiveness, aggression, domination, or leadership.
It is concluded that the biological determinants of criminal behavior act only in conjunction with the social ones and form a causal complex of crime and are a prerequisite for further development of measures to prevent crime in all its forms.


【Objective】 To investigate the expression of Programmed cell death 5(PDCD5) and Livin in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and to evaluate their effects on carcinogenesis,cell proliferation,invasion and metastasis,as well as their clinical significance.【Methods】 The expression of PDCD5 and Livin was detected by immunohistochemical S-P method in the tissues of 78 primary ESCC and 43 para-cancerous tissues.【Results】 The expression of PDCD5 was obviously lower than that of para-cancerous tissues,and the positive expression rate of Livin in ESCC was significantly higher than that in para-cancerous tissues(P 0.05).The expression of PDCD5 was closely correlated with lymphnode metastasis and TNM stage of ESCC(P 0.05),but not correlated with sex,age and histological differentiation grade(P 0.05).The expression of Livin was closely correlated with TNM stage,histological differentiation grade and lymph node metastasis of ESCC(P 0.05),but not correlated with sex and age(P 0.05).The expression of PDCD5 was negatively correlated with the expression of Livin(r =-0.334,P 0.01).【Conclusion】 Abnormal expression of PDCD5 and Livin occurs in ESCC,which suggests that PDCD5 and Livin play an important role in the development and invasion of ESCC.


The Claim Framework was developed to capture how scientists communicate findings from an empirical study. Although the framework has been evaluated in biomedical literature, the framework has yet to be examined with respect to social science literature. Our goal is to fill this gap and explore the degree to which the Claim Framework can capture claims made in two social science research areas: Community Informatics and Information and Communication Technologies for Development. This poster presents preliminary results on the number and location of claims in full-text social science articles compared to claims in biomedical articles.


We studied the formation mechanism of in-plane nuclear field by anomalous Hanle effect measurements in single self-assembled In0.75Al0.25As/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum dots and InAs/GaAs quantum rings. The observed anomalous Hanle curves indicated quite large width and hysteretic behavior to the externally applied magnetic field. These anomalies appears in both materials whose electron g factors have opposite sign each other, and cannot be reproduced by a traditional spin dynamics model. In this study, we show that a proposed spin dynamics model can explain the formation of a large in-plane nuclear field regardless of the sign of electron g factor. The model is based on the dynamic nuclear spin polarization mechanism including the effects of nuclear quadrupole interaction.


levels. Findings revealed that students who transitioned to college during the COVID-19 pandemic exhibited a flatter CAR and lower levels of belonging than students who transitioned to college prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for intervention, programs and policies aimed at fostering positive transitions to college during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond are discussed.


A brief overview of Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory work on magnetic refrigeration which is covered in five publications is given. Two publications discuss the rudimentary refrigerators built at Los Alamos; two, the performance expected from more advanced designs; and one, the heat transfer experiments performed to provide the data necessary for implementation of those designs. The work discussed in each of these publications and the overall conclusions are described.


This article proposes a fixed‐time singularity‐free neural control scheme for hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV) considering asymmetric time‐varying angle of attack (AOA) constraint based on integral barrier Lyapunov function (IBLF). In contrast to the state‐of‐the‐art fixed‐time control methods for HFV with AOA constraint, the most distinguishing feature of our control design lies in designing a direct AOA‐constrained control scheme without needing error transformation and the singularity issue is avoided. The IBLF is adopted to confine the AOA within a predefined asymmetric time‐varying compact set all the time. Moreover, the tracking errors of flight states and the estimate errors of approximations are ensured to converge into the bounded compact sets within fixed time, which can be preset by selecting the design parameters properly. Comparative simulations verify the superiority of the developed methodology.


Design rules for logic device have been defined by technology requirement like shrink rate of chip area or process capability of lithography and other processes. However, those rules are usually only for minimum pitches or minimum sizes of simple layout, such as line and space patterns with enough long common run length, no intermediate corners, no jogs and no asymmetry patterns. On the other hand, actual chip layout includes many variations of pattern which often cause trouble in wafer manufacturing process due to their less process capability, would be found far later when the design rules are fixed. To solve this issue, additional design rules for two-dimensional patterns, such as line-end to lineend space, are necessary and have been applied into recent design rules. It is hard to check such many variations of pattern by the experiment with actual wafer, so checking by lithography simulation in advance is very effective way to estimate and fix design rules for these two dimensional patterns. To estimate rules with accuracy, and to minimize numbers in each rule for chip area reduction, OPC and RET must be included in the estimation, particularly for recent low-k1 lithography. However, OPC and RET are also immature in the early development term, when design rules are necessary for designers to prepare a test mask to develop the device, process and some parts of circuit. In other words, OPC, RET and design rules have been modified in parallel, sometime new RET would be required to achieve a rule, sometime the design rules would be required to relax their numbers, and sometime new design rules would be required to avoid less process capability. In this paper, we propose the parallel development procedure for OPC, RET and design rules through the actual development of 45nm node logic device, focused on metal layer which has many pattern variations, and show how to build the competitive design rules by applying the latest OPC and RET technologies.


1* Developing countries face unique challenges with the design, construction and operations of new infrastructure. Nations with mature infrastructure have followed traditional technology models for planning, design, construction and operation of facilities. With GIS technology, the development of new infrastructure will follow new technology models eliminating data redundancy, miscommunication, and costly conversion when moving through the planning, design, construction, and operation of infrastructure data. Specific site data requirements for the design and construction of infrastructure are developed for quality engineering design and to minimize and accurately predict construction costs. GIS provides the central data system for the process of developing and constructing infrastructure gives the engineers a common means to communicate geospatial data, maintain current data, and allow iterative design/data collection procedures without exchanging data files of differing format, version, and content. Due to superior spatial data handling capabilities, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is increasingly being considered for implementation in many infrastructure projects.


Recent advances in chronopharmacology and requirement of an appropriate technology to deliver the drug at specific time and site led to the development of novel type of drug delivery systems as "chronotropic or Pulsatile drug delivery systems". Rationale behind designing these drug delivery systems is to release the drug at desired time (pathophysi ological need of disease), which results into improved therapeutic efficacy and patient - compliance. These systems are meant for treatment of those diseases that are caused due to circadian changes in body like asthma, peptic ulcer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and when zero order drug release is not desired. These drug delivery systems are designed to release the drug within a short period of time, immediately after a predetermined lag time. The current article focuses on diseases requiring chronotrop ic systems and their chronological behavior, various approaches like time controlled chronotropic systems, stimuli induced pulsatile drug delivery systems, externally regulated pulsatile drug delivery systems to design them, recent technologies for chronot herapy and currently available marketed formulations.


Adopting gelatin as carrier and using the method of embedding-crosslinking,β-galactosidase and glucose isomerase were co-immobilized in this study.Immobilization efficiency of this carrier was compared with that of open pore gelatin cube and κ-carrageenan.The optimal co-immobilization condition was studied:pH was 8.6,gelatin concentration was 27%(w/w),glutaraldehyde concentration in the first cross-linking was 0.15%(v/v) and the time of second cross-linking was 10min.Under these conditions,the activity recoveries of β-galactosidase and glucose isomerase were respectively 30.85% and 83.48%.Furthermore,operating stability of the co-immobilization enzyme system is also well.


Background: Apically extruded debris following root canal treatment leads to postoperative complications like inflammation, postoperative pain, and delay in periapical healing. Additionally, debris extruded during treatment is responsible for persistent apical area inflammation. Hence, a decrease in debris extrusion is necessary for reduction in postoperative complications. Aim: Two distinct instrumentation methods were used to measure the amount of apically extruded debris after root canal preparation in the present study. Materials and Method: Idea was to include thirty extracted single rooted human premolar teeth for study purpose. After access opening, canal patency was established using a 15 K-file till the apical foramen then it is to be followed by determination of working length by visual method. The samples were divided into 2 groups: Group1: Wave One gold. Group 2: Hyflex EDM Rotary file. The manufacturer's instructions were followed for the instrumentation. During instrumentation, extruded debris and irrigants were collected into the preweighed test tubes. Following this, these tubes were stored in an incubator at the temperature of 70°C for the next 5 days. To assess the resultant weight of extruded debris, the test tubes were weighed. The final mass of the extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the weight of the initial empty vial from vial containing dry debris. Result: According to the results obtained in this study, both the tested files caused extrusion of debris apically. The h debris extrusion in Hyflex EDM system was reported to be highest, whereas WaveOne Gold showed the lowest value. Conclusion: Result of this study showed that Waveone gold was associated with less debris extrusion in comparison to hyflex EDM rotary file.


Particle adsorption on lipid membrane is critical to biomedical applications. Gravity effect on the process has long been ignored. A combination of the upright and inverted configuration measurements was developed to exhibit that gravity causes a particle adsorption disparity on membrane between the different heights of medium. The more homogeneous adsorption tendency of nanoparticle aggregate compared to nanoparticle under the same gravitational motive force is attributed to the larger hydrodynamic diameter induced lower concentration disparity.


A typical optomechanical system with a mechanical resonator realizing anharmonic oscillations in linear and cubic potentials is studied. Using the Bogoliubov averaging method in the non-secular perturbation theory, the effective Hamiltonian of the system is constructed. The cross-Kerr interaction of photons and vibration quanta as well as the Kerr-like mechanical self-interaction arises in the Hamiltonian. The Kerr and Kerr-like interactions are induced by both the cubic nonlinearity of oscillations of the mechanical resonator and the cavity-resonator interaction linear in mechanical displacements. This approach correctly describes also the hybrid system consisting of a quantum dot and a nanocavity mediated by a mechanical resonator without leading to non-Hermitian terms in the effective Hamiltonian. The obtained results offer new possibilities for describing optomechanical systems with asymmetric mechanical oscillations.


The definition,characteristics,and polarization mechanism of dielectrics were first briefly introduced. The research and development of ferroelectric ceramics,metal and carbon filled polymers were reviewed. For the high dielectric permittivity polymeric composites used in embedded passive components and printed circuit boards,it was aimed to increase the dielectric permittivity and temperature resistance,decrease the dielectric loss,and stabilize dielectric permittivity and loss at wider ranges of temperature and frequency.


Purpose
Implementing new quality initiatives in organizations is challenging, as it requires managers and employees to adjust to new processes, methodologies and even mindsets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between quality management (QM) practices and readiness for change due to implementing new quality initiatives such as lean, six sigma and to determine which dimensions of QM are more important to change efficacy and change commitment.

Design/methodology/approach
The issues are examined in this study through the analysis of survey data obtained from US textile and apparel industry managers by using factor analysis, stepwise regression to construct path model and structural equation modeling.

Findings
This study identifies change readiness measures which are specific for quality implementations and establishes two constructs, namely, change commitment and change efficacy. The results indicate that as good Employee Relations increase, the level of organizational change commitment increases. If employees are engaged and empowered to provide excellent quality, then it is more likely that they will be committed to change due to implementing future quality initiatives. Moreover, a direct relationship between Customer Relationship Management and change efficacy is found. Companies with a strong customer orientation are more able to implement the quality initiatives that matter to their markets.

Originality/value
This study is unique in investigating the empirical relationship between QM practices and the dimensions of readiness for change due to implementing new quality initiatives via data from various organizations. This study empirically contributes to the QM literature with change readiness antecedents in quality implementation setting.


Yet, persistence of redundant data in Data Warehouses is often simply justified with an achievement of better performance when accessing data for analysis and reporting. Especially in Enterprise Data Warehouse systems, data management via multiple persistence levels is necessary to condition the huge amount of data into an adequate format for its final usage. However, there are further reasons to store data persistently, which are often not recognized when designing such warehouses. As processing and maintenance of data is complex and requires huge effort, less redundancy will downsize effort. Latest in-memory technologies enable good response times for data access, so that the question arises, what data for what purposes really need to be stored persistently and how can this be efficiently decided. We present a compendium of purposes for data persistence and use it as a basis for decisionmaking whether to store data or not. As an outlook, we expand this discussion on Enterprise Data Warehouses based on in-memory databases.


Background: Zinc deficiency is highly prevalent and is caused by inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption and removal by treatment in hemodialysis patients. This study investigated the relationship between serum zinc levels and nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study examining 87 hemodialysis patients was performed. The serum concentrations of zinc were studied to evaluate their association with nutritional status, which was assessed by measuring abdominal muscle and fat areas with computed tomography. Results: Serum zinc levels were significantly and positively correlated with subcutaneous and visceral fat areas (r = 0.299, p < 0.01, and r = 0.298, p < 0.01, respectively), but not abdominal muscle areas. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that serum zinc levels were a significant independent predictor of visceral fat areas (p < 0.01), but not subcutaneous fat areas (p = 0.631). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that serum zinc levels could play a crucial role in determining abdominal fat mass in hemodialysis patients.


Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Resea Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, RO-4 firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Organic Chemistry and Techn and Economics, M} uegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 B bme.hu Agricultural Institute, Centre of Agricult Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, H-2462 Martonvás Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe In Allee, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany SynBiocat Ltd, Lázár deák u 4/1, H-1173 B † This paper is dedicated to Professor Alb 90 birthday. ‡ Electronic supplementary informa 10.1039/c6ra02964g Cite this: RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 56412


Although most of the reefs and coral communities of the eastern Pacific have been well studied. there is still great ignorance regarding the occurrence, dist...


The paper is devoted to the analysis of impulses summoned by shifts in Russian economy's money supply. We catch the shocks outgoing to primal elements of gross domestic product, i.e. consumption of goods and durables, capital investment, public expenditures and net export. Using VEC model we unravel long- and short-term relationship between money supply and the GDP components finding that in the short term the transmission effect is reversed. Monetary expansion creates critically high level of inflationary expectations, which, via Hicks income effect, hampers major macroeconomic aggregates and impedes the development of raw-based economies. The long-term relationship is consistent with the theory of monetarism, compelling monetary authorities to refrain from excessive regulatory functions.


available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794307 Editorial Comment: There are well-known disparities in health outcomes between urban and rural populations, with Americans living in rural areas experiencing higher mortality rates across clinical conditions. Furthermore, rural Americans have higher rates of preventable hospitalizations and emergency department visits. While causes of observed disparities are undoubtedly multifactorial, there is evidence that rural populations face challenges regarding care quality and access. Nonetheless, unanswered questions remain regarding the relationship between access to specialists and health outcomes. This study evaluated Medicare beneficiaries with chronic conditions to characterize differences in the distribution of primary care providers and specialists between metropolitan and rural areas, and to determine whether specialist engagement resulted in any change in health outcomes. The authors found similar density of primary care between metropolitan and rural areas, although the density of specialists was approximately 31% lower in rural areas. Individuals living in rural areas were significantly less likely to have any contact with a specialist vs those living in metropolitan areas. Risks of avoidable hospitalization and mortality were significantly higher in those living in rural areas. Those seeing a specialist in addition to a primary care provider had a 15.9% lower preventable hospitalization rate and a 16.6% lower mortality rate than those seeing only a primary care provider. These data suggest that limited access to specialty care may contribute to observed disparities in health outcomes between metropolitan and rural populations. While this effect may be related to differences between populations seeking specialty care, it begs the question of how to optimize access in historically underserved geographic regions. In addition to thinking about expanding access, this study also compels us to think about how best to effectively integrate primary and specialty care with compensated provider-to-provider consultation in 21st century models of care delivery to avoid unnecessary specialist engagement and drive value for the patient and for the system. Matthew J. Resnick, MD, MPH, MMHC Reference 1. Greenwood-Ericksen MB and Kocher K: Trends in emergency department use by rural and urban populations in the United States. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2: e191919. 1052 SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, UROLOGICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PRACTICE PATTERNS Copyright © 2020 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.


This Presidential address delivered at the 89th annual conference of the Indian Economic Association, held in Kurukshetra, during December 27, 2006, deals with the important contemporary issue of the challenges of reforms in the Higher Education Sector. Having recognised the positive effects of the market-driven paradigm of development, in terms of higher growth and enhanced competitiveness, the author asserts that high growth may not necessarily ensure 'inclusiveness' and 'equity '. The address underscores the strategic importance of 'higher education' in the development process and makes a number of useful suggestions of policy relevance, in the context of 'reforms' in this sector. The address also gives a profile of the recent initiatives taken in Andhra Pradesh (AP) for reforms in the institutional framework of and the policies towards higher education.


GROUP WORK WITH ADOLESCENTS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE. (Second Edition). Andrew Malekoff. New York: The Guilford Press, 2004, 378 pages, $39.95, hardcover. , by Andrew Malekoff In order to do justice to a second edition of a scholarly book, a reviewer needs to go back and read the first edition as well. Questions to be addressed by the reviewer include a reconsideration of the author's intention and accomplishment in the first edition, and then a consideration of the changes in the second edition. What are the differences in the new volume; what was the scholarly journey? Does the new volume add to knowledge and make a useful contribution? Andrew Malekoff's first edition of Group Work with Adolescents: Principles and Practice, published in l997, was described in enthusiastic and laudatory terms. Favorable comparisons were made to Grace Coyle's Group Work with American Youth, and Fritz Redl and David Wineman's ground breaking work of the 1950s, Controls from Within: Techniques for the Treatment of the Aggressive Child. In the preface of the first edition, Malekoff said:


This article presents the reliability and validity of a scale that evaluates the experiences of visitors to the shopping center in Cali - Colombia. The methodology is framed within a quantitative, descriptive, and causal approach, through the application of the hypothetical-deductive method. The variables considered in the measurement scale were determined from a theoretical review and content validation. To collect the information, a personal survey was administered to a sample of 343 customers.  The validity and reliability of the scale was determined by Exploratory Factor Analysis, Cronbach's coefficient, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Among the main findings, it is highlighted that the scale shows high reliability and internal consistency since one factor explains 50% of the total accumulated variance and the total Cronbach's Alpha is 0.846. When the confirmatory model was applied, positive correlations were identified between the indicators and the variables and between the three variables. Therefore, the final scale consisted of three: subscales emotional experiences, sensory experiences, cognitive experiences, and 23 items.


This paper studies how award designations bundled with media attention causally induces investor overreaction to stale information. We exploit a natural experiment in which financial analysts barely winning an influential award from a well-known financial magazine receive front-page coverage while those barely missing it do not. We find that, in the first two days after the award mentioning, the stocks with stale recommendations from barely winners see 0.66 percentage points higher return than those with recommendations from barely nonwinners, which is 1.3 times the average baseline return to recommendations. But this return fully reverses within 30 trading days. Evidence supports the idea that attention trading due to media mentions of award winners rather than the signal from winning the award drives the main result. In addition, brokerages assign awardees to larger and better teams, and these analysts issue more accurate and less biased earnings forecasts than others in the year after the award. Interestingly, this better performance is only among earnings forecasts for firms which have no underwriting relationship with the brokerages.


This paper discusses the reflective capabilities of the ionosphere layer above Manado based on the minimum-maximum range of frequencies. The data used in collaboration station at Manado-Tomohon (1.34°N, 124.82°E), using CADI (Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde) conducted during the year 2013. From the research conducted can be disclosed that: (i) diurnal and seasonal (Figure 4-1) variations of the reflective capabilities of the ionosphere over Manado are obtained; (ii) seasonal variation (Figure 4-2 and 4-3) is not exactly follow the changes in the relative position of the sun to the earth, so it is suspected there are other factors, including the dynamics of the neutral atmosphere; (iii) to determine the physical mechanism causing seasonal variations required further research by adding more data; (iv) diurnal and seasonal variation patterns obtained can be used as a initial reference for ionospherics modeling that output can be applied as an input to the frequency management.


Boreal summer extratropical intraseasonal oscillation (EISO) is crucial in modulating regional subseasonal variation and particularly causing extreme meteorological events, but it has yet to be well clarified and operationally monitored. This study first objectively sorts out three dominant EISOs trapped along two extratropical westerly jet streams over Eurasia, and then proposes the corresponding real-time metrics. The three dominant EISOs are (I) an 8–25-day eastward-propagating wave along the subtropical westerly jet (EISO-SJE) initiating at the exit of the North America–North Atlantic jet and strengthening over the Black Sea–Caspian Sea–arid central Asia; (II) a 10–30-day eastward-traveling wave along the polar front jet (EISO-PJE), starting near Scandinavia and enhancing from the Eastern European Plain to the Western Siberian Plain and then decaying over the Okhotsk region; (III) a 10–40-day westward-migrating wave along the polar front jet (EISO-PJW), which enhances near the Ural Mountains and weakens over Scandinavia. The real-time metrics then, following the three EISOs, have been constructed. And they are able to capture the spatiotemporal features of three EISOs in application. Moreover, the close linkages between these EISOs and the regional extremes/the blocking occurrence have been clearly demonstrated, confirming the importance of real-time EISO metrics. Together with tropical intraseasonal oscillation, this study provides the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) community with a well-portrayed unified picture of extratropical intraseasonal waves and the real-time metrics for monitoring boreal summer intraseasonal signals over Eurasia and facilitate subseasonal predictions.


Purpose:To evaluate the display ability of spiral computed tomographic angiography(SCTA)in the abdominal arteries,compared with magnetic resonance angiography(MRA).Materials and Methods:46 cases were chosen randomly,among which 23 cases were examined by SCTA and another 23 cases by MRA.The three dimensional(3D)imaging of SCTA was analyzed in comparison with that of MRA.Results:Both SCTA and MRA have good display of bigger arteries,but the display rate of MRA is smaller than that of SCTA.In addition,they have different display rate for smaller arteries,displaying different arteries.The display ability of SCTA in the abdominal arteries is better than that of MRA,the difference between them being obvious(P0.05).Conclusion:The display ability and definition of SCTA in the abdominal arteries is better than that of MRA.SCTA can offer supplement or substitute for the traditional angiography,so it has higher clinical value.


Descriptive psychopathology is the principal method of structuring clinical and research practices in contemporary psychiatry. The recent cultural competency movement and the creolizing effect of globalization make it imperative that clinicians take seriously the role of culture in psychiatry. The culture-bound syndromes, among which Koro is a classic example, are embedded in the DSM-IV and represent a diagnostic tool explicitly designed to account for cultural factors. Through a case report of a North American man with schizophrenia who describes what some would call Koro-like symptoms, we aim to describe and comment on the clinical use of culture-bound syndromes. The subject's complaints, while descriptively similar to Koro, are best accounted for by his main diagnosis of schizophrenia and psychological and cultural dimensions specific to his personal history and his life in North American society. Little is gained clinically by giving his complaint the exotic label 'Koro' or 'Koro-like'; worse, the real cultural basis of his complaint is lost. We argue that meaningful cultural formulations will only be achieved if culture-bound syndromes are kept in their cultural context.


From the current situation for the safety management of the construction engineering,the paper has the statistic analysis of the common accidents of the construction engineering,researches the reasons of the accidents,and points out the safety management strategies of the construction engineering,so as to solve the frequent problems of the safety accidents of the construction engineering.


A structure of nasopharyngeal microflora and intensity of mucosal nasopharyngeal immunity of recruits have been investigated. Four microecological types of biotope have been marked out. Tension of mucosal immunity has been revealed by detection of lysozyme activity and sIgA, IL-10 and IFN-г concentrations. To the extent of intensification of disbiotic malfunction the increasing of IFN-г concentration and decreasing of sIgA and lysozyme activity have been detected. IL-10 concentration wasn't higher than control meaning in all groups. Possibly imbalance of IL-10 and IFN-г levels and oppression of normoflora function by opportunistic pathogens facilitate contamination of nasopharynx by more aggressive pathogens.


This paper deals with the asymmetry in feature-prosody interaction noted by Blumenfeld (2006), de Lacy (2006) and Walker (2005). Prominent prosodic positions license featural contrasts and attract certain feature specifications. Nevertheless segmental features (excluding sonority) normally do not influence prosodification. Thus, in Tudanca Spanish stressed syllables attract [-ATR] (Blumenfeld 2006; Flemming 1994; Hualde 1989; Walker 2004), but there is no language where [-ATR] vowels preferentially repel or attract stress. This assymmetry presents a problem for Classic OT (Prince and Smolensky 2004): it proves to be hard to formulate the relevant constraints in such a way that they allow for the interaction only in one direction. For example, to account for the Tudanca facts we need a licensing constraint which requires [-ATR] to be linked to stressed syllables. Classic OT predicts that this constraint can be responded to in two ways: (i) changing the [ATR] value of the stressed vowel and (ii) moving stress to a [-ATR] vowel. The second response is never attested and thus we are dealing with a too-many-solutions problem where the theory predicts unattested repairs (Blumenfeld 2006; de Lacy 2003; McCarthy 2008a,b; Pater 2003; Steriade 2009; Staroverov 2010; Van Oostendorp 2007; Wilson 2000). I am going to propose a solution to this problem which allows us to correctly describe the asymmetrical feature-prosody interaction. My proposal is couched within Harmonic Serialism (Prince and Smolensky 2004; McCarthy 2006 et seq.) – an OT formalism with a derivational setup where optimization proceeds in steps and each step evaluates candidates, making minimal changes to the input. I argue that the feature-prosody interaction constraints are formulated asymmetrically, as PSconstraints (for previous step). They mention position in the input of the current step and therefore prosodic position cannot be modified in response to these constraints. The asymmetry in featureprosody interaction is thus mirrored in asymmetrical constraint formulations (see Blumenfeld 2006 for a similar proposal and Staroverov 2010 for a discussion of the differences). The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 introduces the problem based on an example pattern from Tudanca Spanish. Section 3 spells out the proposed solution and section 4 provides a way of situating my proposal within a bigger theory. Section 5 concludes.


The aim of this study is to determine the nature of the goals and attitudes of students of English at Halmstad University College and how these affect their education. Attitudes toward five different components of the English language were measured, by the method of a simple questionnaire. Previous research has considered attitudes and goals factors of motivation, which has been shown to have a considerable effect on second language learning. This study shows that the students of Halmstad University College in general are less motivated to study grammar than other subjects and that students with a clear professional goal with their studies are more motivated, especially to grammar studies, than students who aim to improve their knowledge of the language in general. Possible consequences to this is that the students will not have adequate theoretical knowledge when they finish their education and thus the status of university English studies may thus be diminished.


We are met here tonight to commemorate professor Peter Paul Debono, who occupied the Chair of Surgery at our Royal University from 1926 to 1951. It is a pleasure to have among us his brother professor J.E., his sister, Sister. Debono of the Order of the Sacred Heart, and his two daughters, Mrs. Ellis and Mrs. Micallef Eynaud. We thank them for honouring us with their presence this evening. We are only sorry that Mrs. Debono is unable to be with us; through her family, we send her our best wishes.


The invention relates to an access control method for a station (102) in an automated vehicle leasing comprising at least one parking space for a proposed vehicle for hire, said station (102) located within a structure (104) to which access is controlled by a device (108-112) passage control disposed at least one inlet / outlet of said structure (104), said passage control means (108-112) being movable between an open position allowing the passage and a closed position preventing the passage, said method (200) comprising a phase, said authorization, comprising the following steps: - acquisition of an identifier of said user by an acquisition means (122 -126) disposed at an input / output of said structure (104), - transmitting said identifier to a server (116) remote from said structure (104) through a communication network, - checking at least one condition r elative to said user to grant or deny the said user portion, and - control means (108-112) for passage of control disposed to said input / output of said structure (104) according to said verification of said at least one condition.


This paper presents the analysis of shape of claw-pole in a PM stepping motor. The analysis of claw-pole PM stepping motor must consider magnetic saturation effect and leakage flux, because analyzed results can change with the magnetic characteristics of iron material. Generally, 3-Dimensional FEM was used in this case[1]. But 3-Dimensional FEM needs too much computation time. So, in this paper, modified magnetic equivalent circuit method to consider the magnetic saturation and the leakage flux was proposed. This proposed method points out the B-H curve of iron material approximated by fitting function and the flux linkage calculation by iteration routine. To verify the proposed method, flux linkage calculated by this method was compared with the result of 3-Dimensional FEM.


This article expounds the theoretical value and practice significance of a new book The National Theory and Practice of the Three Generations Collective Leadership of CPC from the quality of being innovative and comprehensive of the standard and system of the systematic learning's research and the state of being scientific of research approach and so on.


Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique was employed for analysis of trace elements in two biological standard reference materials: Bovine Liver (1577c) and Animal Blood (A-13) prepared by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna respectively. The PIXE experiments were carried out by using 3 MV Tandem Pelletron Accelerator facility at Ion Beam Laboratory (IBL), Institute of Physics (IOP), Bhubaneswar, India. A proton beam of 3 MeV energy was used to excite the samples under study. The concentrations of the elements obtained in the reference materials were compared with the certified values of NIST and IAEA. The determined values were 88–125% relative to NIST and IAEA certified values except for Mn in the Animal Blood sample.


The article presents results of air permeability measurements carried out for envelopes of two entire typical single-family residential buildings and separately for envelopes of garages and residential zones of these buildings. The effect of taking into account separate air permeability measurements of building zones on the calculation results of infiltration heat losses and on the energy need for heating is analysed. The calculation results obtained in this way are then compared to calculation results obtained in the case of air permeability measurements of the entire building envelope.


Shadow banking began to evolve and develop in the early 1990's, with the aim of complementing the traditional banking system through alternative sources of credit and liquidity. The existence of shadow banking came to the world's attention with the Great Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008, which resulted from the failure of regulators and market participants to truly understand the ultimate impact of financial mechanisms, especially shadow banking mechanisms that negatively impacted the business and economic cycle. More recently, regulators have started to think about regulations and providing the right framework for countries to manage the systemic risks arising from the growth of shadow banking.


Youth have a right to health, but that is not adequately reflected in our societies and health systems. In fact, for cancer, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular diseases - so-called noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) - more than two-thirds of preventable adult deaths are associated with behavior that started in adolescence. Many young people are well aware of how drastically NCDs will affect their generation in the current system and have taken the challenge to change the discourse for a healthier global population. Yet, youth voices are often dismissed or tokenized in political conversations. This is despite the many examples of youth making positive change at all levels of society. This paper provides an overview of the challenges and emerging youth-driven actions to address NCDs at local, national, and global levels.


The Josephson current through a one-dimensional (1D) interacting electron system of length L coupled with two superconductors is studied in the presence of a barrier potential at the junction interfaces. The 1D system is treated within the framework of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, in which the interaction is characterized by correlation exponents K ρ and K σ . We pay attention to the influence of Andreev reflection, which modifies the low-energy property of the 1D electron system near the junction interfaces. It is found that the critical current at low temperatures decays with increasing L as j c ∝(1/ L ) 2/ K ρ -1 , which is in striking contrast to the previous result j c ∝(1/ L ) 1/ K ρ + K σ -1 , obtained by Fazio et al. taking no account of the influence of Andreev reflection.


We report Lepidochelys olivacea from coastal waters of South Korea for the first time on the basis of two specimens (one male and one female) whose taxonomic identities were verified on morphological and molecular grounds. Four species of sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta, and Eretmochelys imbricata. have been recorded from South Korean waters, and present findings add another species to the sea turtle fauna of this region.


of children with language problems could be interpreted as casting doubt on it. An interesting and unusual feature of B's approach is her emphasis on the importance of prosodic abilities. She offers arguments, which all special language teachers should consider, that attention should be focused on the melody and rhythm of speech from the very beginning. Over-all, this is a fine book, superior to most of its competitors. [DALE E. ELLIOTT, California State University, Dominguez Hills.]


Introduction Several researchers studying close relationships point to the need to explore the contribution of structural and historical factors, and the need to examine relationships outside of the cultural mainstream (e.g., Felmlee & Sprecher, 2000; Wood, 1995). In this article, we seek to explore various close relationships in the lives of self-identified lesbians within two historical contexts. Important works within sociology and social psychology during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s have exposed social structures that regulated the lives of lesbian and gay men, such as homophobia (Weinberg, 1972), sexual stigma (Plummer, 1975), essentialist notions of sexual orientation (Richardson, 1984) and stereotyping and negative attitudes towards lesbian women and gay men (Herek, 1988). Although several of these social structures may still be strong, structural changes relevant to lesbian women and gay men seem to have taken place in Norway and other Westernized societies since the 1980s. In Norway, marriage-like same-sex partner registration was implemented in 1993, and Internet technology has provided much easier access to information about non-heterosexual sex and ways of living one's life, as well as offering new forms of exploring identities and connecting to other people. An increasing number of Norwegians report favorable attitudes towards lesbians and gays (Anderssen, 2002). In addition, the very distinctions between homosexuality and heterosexuality have been challenged (e.g., Seidman, 1996). It is believed that such recent historical changes have transformed the lives of lesbians (Patterson, 2000). However, very little empirical evidence exists from studies investigating this view. It is necessary to assess whether these structural, attitudinal, and conceptual changes have actually altered the living conditions for lesbian women and gay men so that important aspects in their lives are different today compared with only two decades ago. Based on data collected in 1986 and 2005, we analyzed various close relationships in the life course of self-identified lesbian women, in the context of historical period. Specifically, we studied romantic relationships with women, romantic relationships with men, and giving birth. Previous research Regarding romantic relationships with other women, the very concept of identification as heterosexual, bisexual or lesbian is based on some sort of romantic relation or erotic attraction (e.g., De Cecco's definition of sexual orientation, 1981). Therefore, romantic relationships with other people probably constitute a significant aspect in the life experience of most self-identified lesbian women. In general, whether one is in a steady relationship or not constitutes an important feature of a person's everyday life. In a Norwegian pioneer survey among lesbian women and gay men in 1978 (Bergh, Bjerck, & Lund), 56% of the lesbian women (n=86) in the late 1970s reported being in a romantic relationship with another woman. In the late 1990s, 69% of the lesbian respondents (n=1135) in a national survey among lesbian women and gay men reported having a steady relationship with another woman (Hegna, Kristiansen, & Moseng, 1999). In the US, the figures range from 45% to 80% (Koh et al., 2005; Patterson, 2000). In Norway, among those who reported having romantic relationships with other women, the same proportion reported living with their lovers in the late 1970s (70%, Bergh et al., 1978) and late 1990s (73%, Hegna et al., 1999). Regarding romantic relationships with men, many women who identify themselves as lesbians have complied with cultural expectations and explored heterosexual relationships on their way towards a lesbian way of life. Several studies indicate that a substantial proportion of lesbian women reported having had romantic relationships with men, both sexual and long-term (Bailey, Farquhar, & Owen, 2003; Brooks, 1981; Koh et al. …


―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― *1 Senior Engineer, EHS & S Research Center, NTT Facilities, Inc. firstname.lastname@example.com *2 Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Polytechnic University *3 Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University Legal and Regulatory Frameworks of 195 Countries around the World with Provisions related to Wind-Resistant Design of Buildings Part 1. Africa, Americas and Asia


Objective To investigate the effects of 250 ml/m~3 carbon monoxide(CO)inhalation or intraper- itoneal infusion on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced rat intestinal tract injury,and to detect the roles of p38 mito- gen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway during CO administration.Methods After received 5 mg/kg LPS or an equal volume of normal saline by intravenous injection,108 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group,CO inhalation(250 ml/m~3)group,CO intraperitoneal infusion(250 ml/m~3 at a rate of 2 L/min) group,LPS(5 mg/kg)group,LPS(5 mg/kg)+CO inhalation(250 ml/m~3)group and LPS(5 mg/kg)+CO intra- peritoneal infusion(250 ml/m~3 at a rate of 2 L/min)group.The animals were differently sacrificed at 1,3 and 6 h for the observation,and the ileum tissues were homogenized for determination the levels of platelet activator factor (PAF),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and interlukin-10(IL-10)with enzyme-lined immunosorbent assay,the content of maleic dialdehyde(MDA)with thiobarbitric acid,the activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)with chemical method,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)with hydroxylamine,the activity of phosphorylated p38 MAPK with Western blot,the pathology with light microscope,and the extents of cell apoptosis were showed by the ratio of the apoptotic cells which had less DNA to the total cells of a cell-suspension sample by using the flow cytometry after being stained with propidium iodide.Results Compared with both control,CO inhalation and intra- peritoneal infusion group at the same time point,the levels of PAF,ICAM-1,MDA,MPO,cell apoptosis rate and the phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein in LPS group were increased,while IL-10 and SOD were decreased(P0.05 or 0.01),and accompanied by severe intestinal tract injury.There were no statistics differences at the different time point in the same group.PAF,ICAM-1,MDA,MPO and cell apoptosis rate in both LPS+CO inhalation group and LPS+CO intraperitoneal infusion group were lower,while IL-10 and SOD were higher than the corresponding value in LPS group at the same time point(all P0.05),with ameliorate injury too,but the expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK was further up-regulated than that of LPS group(all P0.05).However,there were no significant differences in these parameters between LPS+CO inhalation group and LPS+CO intraperitoneal infusion group. Conclusion 250 ml/m~3 CO inhalation and intraperitoneal infusion exerts the similar protection against LPS induced rat intestinal tract injury via anti-oxidant,anti-inflammation,and anti-apoptosis.This may involve the p38 MAPK pathway.


We provide some details about the largest volume conjugacy class in compact simple Lie groups of types An, Bn, Cn, Dn, and G2.


We present a novel integration of a brain-computer interface (BCI) with a music step sequencer composition program. Previous BCIs that utilize EEG data to form music provide users little control over the final composition or do not provide enough feedback. Our interface allows a user to create and modify a melody in real time and provides continuous aural and visual feedback to the user, thus affording them a controllable means to achieve creative expression.


The punitive expedition of Zhouwuwang against Yinzhouwang is a hot topic for research.As there are various contradictory historical documents on it with different interpretations,there are still no universally agreed views as to the dates,routes,and specific time for the final decisive battle.According to the findings of both ancient and modern historians,it can be affirmed that the troops under Zhouwuwang started from Haojing on January 26 in 1046 B.C.,arrived at Mengjin on February 21,and Muye on 27 the same month,and finally defeated Yinzhouwang there.


The invention discloses a collimator tube reticle high-precision adjusting method based on a plane interference principle. The collimator tube reticle high-precision adjusting method based on the plane interference principle resolves the problems that a collimator tube reticle is low in fixed focus precision and not capable of carrying out quantitative interpretation. According to the collimator tube reticle high-precision adjusting method based on the plane interference principle, a spherical reflector, collimator tubes and an interferometer are enabled to be adjusted to share the same optical axis, the focus of the spherical reflector and the focus on the axis of the collimator tubes are parfocalized, the reticle is enabled to be brought in a light path, a pitching azimuth angle of the reticle is fine-tuned, and front-back defocusing adjustment is carried out on the reticle along a direction of the optical axis; computation is carried out on interference fringes collected by the interferometer, a defocusing amount Delta d of the reticle is obtained through a Power value of a Zernike coefficient, a interfering beam caliber D and mathematic relation of a collimator tube focal length f', and the collimator tube reticle high-precision adjusting method based on the plane interference principle is achieved. The collimator tube reticle high-precision adjusting method based on the plane interference principle is capable of figuring out real-time misalignment of the reticle, avoiding blindness of finding a turning point through manual visual interpretation, and improving adjusting efficiency and precision.


When a low-heat portland blast-furnace slag cement is used, the thermal expansion strain of the concrete shows reversal shrinkage in spite of a continuous temperature rising as a result of abrupt autogenous shrinkage far greater than the thermal expansion. The autogenous shrinkage strain was studied in terms of gypsum content in cement, and was able to be reduced by increasing gypsum content in cement. Prevention of the early-age rapid hydration development of granulated blast-furnace slag at high temperature was also confirmed. Moreover, the amount of transition from ettringite to monosulfate of a hydration product was determined, and the result was related with autogenous shrinkage. Because aluminate hydrates are most affected by gypsum.


Book Review of the edited volume: Cheesman, Nick, Nicholas Farrelly, and Trevor Wilson (eds) (2014), Debating Democratization in Myanmar. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, ISBN: 978-981-4519-13-7, 381 pages


The water system of rivers and lakes is not only the carrier of water cycle and formation of water resources in a basin,but also an important foundation to support regional economic and social development. With the rapid development of economy,the impact of human activities on the water system is growing,and a variety of problems in water resources and water environment have become more prominent. The presentation of project construction for connecting rivers and lakes provides technical guidance for tackling the shortage of water resources,deterioration of water environment and fragility of water ecology. And on this basis,the necessity of the connecting project is deeply analyzed from the aspects of flood and water- logging control,guarantee of water- supply and pollution treatment with practical cases.


Sky noise is highly anisotropic and well documented with maps available on-line. This sky noise can significantly affect radar sensitivity for radars with sensitive receivers. For ALTAIR at Kwajalein, the expected effect is as much as 8 dB. Documented changes of as much as 4 dB have been observed. The anisotropy of the sky noise can be used to calibrate receiver system noise.


With the data from a sample survey conducted by RUC in 2004 and by Logistic regression, thes analysed the factors influencing life satisfaction of the old people left behind in the countryside, and made a quantitative study on the relation between the satisfaction and the number of their children flowing out. The paper shows that the quantity of the flowing-out children, the old people's health condition, the family care and support, the level of their loneliness as well as their family income have evident comprehensive influences on the satisfaction. Those with more flowing-out children have higher probability of satisfaction than those who have fewer ones.


Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of one-part fracture of the greater tuberosity that had been treated either by a conservative treatment or an operative approach. Materials and Method: Eighteen shoulders in 18 patients who had an one-part fracture of the greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus were managed, and the average follow-up period was 4 years and 10 months (range, 1 year to 8 years 6 months). Results: According to Neer's criteria for evaluation of results, in the group of 13 patients managed nonoperatively, the results were good or excellent in ten patients, fair in one, and poor in two. In the group managed operatively, the results were excellent in all five patients. Conclusion: If the displacement of the fragment is more than 5mm in young active patients, and more than 3mm especially in athletes and heavy laborers involved in overhead activity, the fragment should be mobilized, repaired and fixed into its original bed or a little bit inferolaterally with multiple heavy non-absorbable sutures, tension band technique, or cancellous screws and washers. We would suggest that the patients showing one-part fracture of the greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus should be evaluated individually.


Ten novel tetracoordinated, pentacoordinated and hesacoordinated organotin compounds were synthesized in this paper. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and i.r. spectroscope.


The purpose of this current research was to clarify for the scientific community the trends of tongue cancer epidemiology in Brazil.


Vertical type radiant tube is being used in Continuous Annealing Line (CAL) as a heat source. High temperature combustion gases are flow through the inside of the radiant tube and released. Hence a certain amount of internal pressure is always in the inside of the radiant tube. Since the radiant tube is generally exposed to high temperature (600~900 ℃) for long time (3~4 years), it is subjected to creep deformation. This study examined variations in creep life of the radiant tube when the internal pressure changes from 0.01㎫ to 0.2㎫. The radiant tube was made of Inconel 601 and Larson-Miller parameter was used to predict the creep life of the radiant tube. Results show that creep life at each region in the radiant tube is sensitive to the internal pressures. In overall, the creep life varied non-linearly as the internal pressure changed.


This study investigated Korea's regional economic resilience after the 2008 economic crisis and analyzed the spatial patterns therein from the perspective of evolution and engineering. We analyzed the employee statistics of 229 si-gun-gu (city-county-district) administrative units for the 2002–2016 period sourced from Business Census data using shift-share analysis, a panel data model, and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). According to the analysis, most regions showed resilience after the crisis, revealing various patterns within the economic regions. Regarding the capital area, there were more structural improvements in Gyeonggi-do than in Seoul. For other regions, there were also more structural improvements in and around metropolitan areas. When comparing the absolute levels of post-crisis employment, the capital area showed low employment resilience in the CBD, while areas where industries such as IT and finance were clustered showed great employment resilience. In addition, non-capital areas showed a significant recovery in the manufacturing areas. This means that regional inequalities in the process of responding to economic crises are likely to include both quantitative and qualitative aspects, and that policies that accompany more structural improvements should be implemented.


Due to the flexibility in system design and small form factors, frequency-diverse imaging regime gained popularity in recent millimeter-wave (MMW) computational imaging (CI) research trends. In principle, frequency-diverse imaging systems produce the pseudorandom and spatially variant radiation fields to interrogate spatial information and reconstruct scene images using computational algorithms. Specifically, artificially structured metamaterials apertures antennas (MAA) have gained traction for their ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves in a deliberate and controlled manner. Combined with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technologies, by moving a linear shape MAA in crosswise direction, fully three-dimensional (3D) scene images could be obtained through antenna motion. Focusing on the peculiar imaging geometry, we propose two kinds of postprocessing algorithms to black achieve 3D scene images reconstruction. The crux of the post-processing algorithms rely on the decoupling between cross-range dimension and antenna platform direction in the imaging domain, allowing the scene to be partitioned into a number of cross-range slices and reconstructed in a parallel manner. Compared with the traditional image reconstruction algorithms in frequency-diverse imaging, the proposed algorithms are more efficient and could effectively achieve 3D scene space observing. The extensive imaging simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


The signal intensity of electron spin resonance in magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) experiments employing periodic saturation of the electron spin magnetization is determined by four parameters: the rf field H1, the modulation level of the bias field Hm, the spin relaxation time tau1, and the magnetic size R([partial-derivative]H/[partial-derivative]z) of the sample. Calculations of the MRFM spectra obtained from a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl particle have been performed for various conditions. The results are compared with experimental data and excellent agreement is found. The systematic variation of the signal intensity as a function of H1 and Hm provides a powerful tool to characterize the MRFM apparatus.


The average absorption cross section (AACS) of a human skin-equivalent phantom is calculated under diffuse exposure in a reverberation chamber (RC) in the mm-wave band. Two methods are proposed, in the first method the quality factor of the RC is evaluated in the spectral domain. The second method is based on the theory of room electromagnetics and fitting power delay profile to obtain reverberation time. Similar results were obtained for both methods. AACS values of 225±0.048 cm2 and 225±0.017 cm2 were derived for the first and second method, respectively. These results are in good agreement.


The 'hairwheels' in ABSTRACT. Ants of the myrmicine genus Strumigenys are characterized by the occurrence of a number of exocrine glands that are exclusive to this genus. One of these structures is the presumed 'mesopleural gland', although its real existence has never been documented. Examination of this conspicuous mesopleural 'hairwheel' organ in 19 Strumigenys species with further scanning micro - scopy and histology revealed that this structure does not contain any glandular tissue. The peculiar bristle-lined hairwheels of Strumigenys are not covering lateral cavities but are part of the typical transversal ventral groove lying behind the forecoxal insertions, present across most ants. A survey across non-Strumigenys ants using scanning microscopy showed a great variation in the shape of the cuticle and the pilosity surrounding the equivalent mesopleural area, from bare lateral ope ni ngs to rudimentary hairwheel-like structures in some myrmicine genera. The precise function of the hairwheels remains unknown.


This report several techniques are under investigation to improve the spectroscopic capability of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite semiconductors (CH3NH3PbBr3, or MAPB). These techniques include birefringence level measurements used to evaluate the quality of the single crystals and increase fabrication success rate of radiation responsive crystals. In addition, several characterization techniques are performed on a partial cation-substitution of MAPB with lithium-6 to analyze the structure and surface properties of the single crystal produced. Finally, we will present the thermal neutron sensing results from a MAPB crystal substituted with lithium-6.


Abstract Seven cultivars and strains of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were tested for tolerance to drought and soil acidity and for response to nitrogen fertilization. Plants were grown in ceramic cylinders (with no bottoms) buried to ground level at a field site in Poland. Cylinders contained a gray brown podzolic soil having a medium sandy texture and variable pH due to history of fertilization. Periodic drought (from early budding to late flowering) was imposed by covering the field plots with polythene film. Rainfall excluded by the film was compensated by watering the non‐stressed plants. Based on seed yields, rape cultivars and strains differed significantly in tolerance to drought. 'Jet Neuf' was most tolerant and 'Bolko' least tolerant. Cultivars also differed significantly in response to N fertilization, with Bolko being the most responsive cultivar tested. Rapeseed yields were generally reduced by 20% at a soil pH of 4.2, compared with pH 6.2 (determined in 1M KC1), but cultivars did n...


Physicians can help older women make informed mammography decisions by taking into account life expectancy and the harms and benefits of breast cancer screening.


Methods of Extenics are used to set up extension models, carry out extension analysis, and obtain competitive strategies for enterprises to improve their clients′ value. The strategies are evaluated by optimization evaluation methods so that the optimum strategy can be found.


The literature that exists on the role of eunuchs in pre-modern bureaucracies suggests that purposive castration was a means of securing subordinate commitment and maintaining organizational control. This paper briefly summarizes this literature, and tests these conclusions against the Chinese experience. It finds that cultural factors were more important than the simple fact of desexualization in determining the role and behaviour of eunuchs, and that in many cases castration did not engender loyalty or commitment, or facilitate control.


Abstract A sporting league places every team into one of several divisions of equal size, and runs a round robin tournament for each division. Some teams are paired with another team, not necessarily in the same division, to share facilities. It is shown that however many teams are paired and whatever the pairings, it is always possible to schedule the fixtures in the minimum time, so that no two paired teams have home matches simultaneously.


The aim of the present study has been to examine the effect of melatonin, administered to mice as daily subcutaneous injections for a total of 10 days, on the mitotic activity of thyroid follicular cells (TFC). The colchicine metaphasearrest technique was employed in the experiment. We found that melatonin (10μg and/or 100μg injection) decreased significantly the mean mitotic activity rate (MMAR) of TFC in both male and female mice. Moreover, melatonin totally suppressed the stimulatory effect of TSH on the MMAR of TFC in both sexes of mice.


The Dutch perspective of wise land use in Africa is related to the policies of the Directorate-General for International Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. For SC-DLO, the development of integrated soil and water management research for developing countries has been a focal area. Institutional development projects have been carried out in Mali, Tanzania and Egypt and are still running in Kenya and Mozambique. Success depends on donor and local government commitment. Recent developments are SC-DLO's involvement in research networks which are oriented towards sustainable development. Examples are the Tropenbos research programmes, the Inland Valley Consortium and the NUTMON programme.


I n 2008, the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) [1] and the American Heart Association [2] published guidelines for self-monitoring of blood pressure by patients at home (HBPM), providing almost identical recommendations with only minor differences. Both guidelines recommended HBPM for long-term monitoring of treated hypertension and also for the initial diagnostic phase of subjects with elevated blood pressure (BP) [1,2]. Moreover, a common recommendation was given for the optimal HBPM schedule, which should be based on a 7-day monitoring with duplicate morning and evening measurements, and the average should be calculated after discarding readings of the first day [1,2]. The amount of research work, discussions and debate on the optimal HBPM schedule is a typical example of 'knowing more and more for less and less', as Tom Pickering stated in the foreword of his book on 'Ambulatory Monitoring and Blood Pressure Variability' [3]. Several studies investigated the performance of HBPM in the diagnosis of hypertension phenotypes (sustained, white-coat, masked hypertension) in untreated and treated subjects, by taking ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) as reference method and implementing different HBPM schedules (Table 1) [4–18]. Given that hypertension remains the leading risk factor for death and disability globally [19] and HBPM is recommended for almost all subjects with elevated BP [1,2], the optimal HBPM schedule indeed is highly relevant for cardiovascular disease prevention. In this issue of the journal, Nunan et al. [18] present the results of a carefully conducted study in 203 untreated subjects investigating the optimal HBPM schedule by taking ABPM as reference. The main conclusion of the authors is that 5-day HBPM provides the optimal schedule, and there is no additional benefit by performing more measurements or by excluding the first day. Strengths of this study are: (i) it


ABSTRACT This paper is a synthesis of the 2022 250-page United Nations Report on groundwater (https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380721), which accounts for 99% of liquid fresh water on Earth and is the source of one-quarter of all the water used by humans. Many of the world's largest cities, and numerous smaller cities and towns, rely on groundwater. The report presents an overview of the regional presence and use of, and demand for, groundwater. It relies on a synthesis of 700 bibliographic references. Very useful figures are gathered on water resources and uses. The report barely touches on the role of geology, and hydrogeological expertise in preparing the report would have been helpful. More explanations of various hydrogeological aspects would have been useful, such as underground 20 watersheds and basins, runoff, flow rates, the water cycle (large and small), vertical water exchanges, and groundwater flow inertia which helps populations to adapt to annual and seasonal fluctuations. The variability in atmospheric components (e.g. meteorological variability) is more often dominated by the climate change question. This intellectual approach puts groundwater under the influence of atmospheric effects, which leads to an alarmist discussion of multiple aspects: abnormal water table drawdown or increase, exposure to surficial pollutions, and many negative aspects of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. the bibliographical references in the report can be found following the page numbers of the document, cited in parentheses here. The very numerous bibliographical sources are responsible for some contradictions or errors. Some economic elements are almost ignored, such as bottled water and thermalism in 35 relation with groundwater, and North–South cooperation pre-1990, although many positive results related to this period are depicted, which have greatly helped to improve methodologies.


The goal of this thesis is to support safety and reliability characteristics of software intensive critical systems. The verification method developed is innovative from current state of the art in what concerns the verification viewpoint adopted: focusing on software faults, and not, like many other approaches purely on fulfilling functional requirements. As a first step and based on a number of well defined criteria a comparison was made of available literature in the area of static non formal non probabilistic software fault removal techniques. But, None of the techniques evaluated fulfilled all criteria set in isolation. Therefore a new technique was developed based on a combination of two existing techniques: the FMEA and FTA. These two techniques complement each other very well. It is possible to integrate both techniques with commonly used techniques at system level. The resulting new technique can be shown to combine nearly all aspects of existing fault removal techniques.


In some blind signal processing tasks, such as blind source deconvolution and blind source separation, the optimal signal processing structure is designed adaptively through cost function optimization. A class of cost functions known in the literature is based on pseudo‐error defined on the basis of Bayesian estimation of the source signals. The exact Bayesian estimators may rarely be computed, so that their neural approximations are often invoked. The present paper aims at investigating the self‐consistency of the cost functions based on such neural Bayesian estimators.


Proficiency in English language skills among graduates that create advantages for the organization is preferred by prospective employers as one of the main criteria for employability.  This article provides an overview of undergraduates in higher education and also workplace literacy from the perspective of the employers in the manufacturing industry. The result from the research demonstrates that Malaysian manufacturing industry employers perceive that the graduate employees' English language proficiency skills are still below their expectations. Therefore, this study recommends that there is a need for intervention into language teaching to improve the English language syllabus level of English proficiency at primary, secondary and tertiary level. At the same time, emphasis on the importance of English in everyday use should be inculcated without neglecting the national language of Malaysia.  This will ensure that the teaching of English will be in line with globalization and current workplace demands.


Motivated by the urgent demands of indoor fall detection, significant progress has been made to explore Wi-Fi based fall detection techniques that utilize the information collected by commercial Wi-Fi signals to infer falling without carrying a dedicated device. Existing commercial Wi-Fi based fall detection systems, though yielding reasonably good performance in certain cases, are faced with a major challenge. The Wi-Fi signals arriving at the receiving devices usually carry substantial information specific to the environment where falling happens. Due to this reason, a fall detection model trained in one specific environment does not work well in the other. Furthermore, it is labor-intensive and time-consuming to acquire sufficient data and rebuild fall detection model in each new environment. To address this challenge, we propose TL-Fall, a transfer-learning based device free fall detection system. Specifically, the fall detection model is trained with labeled data to derive knowledge in the old environment. With the derived knowledge, the fall detection model working in the new environment can be trained with only a few labeled data. The effective across environment knowledge reuse mitigates the environmental influence and maintains the satisfied fall detection accuracy as well. The extensive experiments are conducted on TL-Fall in typical indoor environment. The experimental results demonstrate the superior effectiveness of TL-Fall, with 86.83% fall detection sensitivity and 84.71% fall detection specificity on average.


A bifunctional polystyrene bearing both DMAP and piperidine groups has been prepared and used as an organocatalyst for decarboxylative Doebner―Knoevenagel reactions of arylaldehydes and monoethyl malonate. Isolated yields of the resulting cinnamates were very high, and in all cases only the E-isomer was detected. When a polystyrene catalyst functionalized with only DMAP or piperidine groups was used in these reactions, catalysis was much less efficient. Furthermore, catalysis using a combination of the monofunctional polymers was also less efficient than with the bifunctional polystyrene. Thus, it appears that there is a synergistic effect obtained by co-locating the two different catalytic amine groups on the same polymer backbone.


A report published in 2002, Monitoring the State of the East Midlands. Sustainable Development Objectives and Targets for the East Midlands. Health Indicators, proposed a set of seven high-level health indicators for monitoring health status and health inequalities in the Region. The report also proposed a number of health improvement and health inequality reduction targets drawn from key national and regional strategy documents including Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation and The East Midlands Integrated Regional Strategy. These relate to: - Life expectancy at birth.  - Teenage pregnancy rate.  - Mortality rate from circulatory disease in people aged under 75.  - Mortality rate from cancer in people aged under 75.  - Mortality rate from accidents in people of all ages.  - Suicide rate in people of all ages.  - Prevalence of cigarette smoking in people aged 16 and over. Progress towards these targets will indicate that the twin aims of the regional public health strategy Investment for Health - to improve health and to reduce health inequalities - are being achieved. This report updates these indicators with the latest available data. At the time of writing, data were available for years up to and including 2003 for most indicators. Please note that the latest data are provisional at this stage.


ABSTRACT This study was conducted to compare the allometric equations and biomass expansion factors (BEFs) of six dominant evergreen broad-leaved trees (Camellia japonica L, Castanopsis sieboldii Hatus, Quercus acuta Thunb, Q. glauca Thunb, Machilus thunbergii S. et Z., and Neolitsea sericea Koidz) in subtropical forests. A total of 86 trees were destructively sampled to quantify the aboveground biomass of each tree component (i.e., leaves, branches, and stem). Species-specific or generalized allometric equations and species-dependent BEFs were developed for each tree component of the six broad-leaved forest trees. Species-specific allometric equations were significant (P < 0.05), with the diameter at breast height (DBH) accounting for 68–99% of the variation, whereas generalized allometric equations explained 64–96% of the variation. The values of stem density ranged broadly from 0.49 g cm−3 for C. sieboldii to 0.79 g cm−3 for Q. glauca, with a mean value of 0.68 g cm−3. The BEFs were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for C. sieboldii (1.25) than for M. thunbergii (2.02). Stem density and aboveground BEFs had a significant negative relationship with tree ages. The results indicate that species-specific allometric equations and species-dependent BEFs are applicable for obtaining accurate biomass estimates of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests.


(K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) thin films were prepared by sol-gel technique. Spin coating deposition and rapid thermal annealing (RTP) process were applied to produce the KNN thin films. The films obtained demonstrated that highly crystallographic orientation was produced at five layer deposition with increase (preferred orientation) peak at (1 1 1). The thickness of five layers thin films observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was determined to be ~200nm. However, the inhomogeneous distribution of KNN particles was detected in KNN thin films. The distribution of KNN elements was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra. Improvement was observed in resistivity (2.71-7.81x106 Ω.cm) and dielectric loss (0.35%-0.21%) following the increasing number of layers.


Although the number of patients who have recovered from meningitis caused by the beta hemolytic streptococcus after treatment with sulfanilamide appears to be growing rapidly, we are able to report for the first time, to our knowledge, a case of meningitis caused by an anaerobic beta hemolytic streptococcus with recovery under sulfanilamide therapy. REPORT OF CASE E. B. S., a white girl, aged 21, first seen by one of us July 29, 1937, complained of sore throat and backache. The past personal and family histories were noncontributory. The temperature was 103.4 F. and the throat was acutely inflamed and covered with numerous white patches. A culture was taken and the following day was reported as showing a few pneumococci, Streptococcus viridans and Micrococcus catarrhalis. In the meantime she had been given 10 grains (0.65 Gm.) of sulfanilamide three times a day. This was discontinued the following day after we received


Reading plays an important role for those who want to comprehend and produce
the language well. Reading is one of the most important ways to improve general
language skills. However, the students still have problems in reading. One of this
was that they often found difficulty in comprehending the reading text. They were
not able to catch the information from the text.
Therefore, the objective of this research is to compare whether there is difference
comprehension achievement between those who were taught through retelling a
fairy tale and those taught through translation.
The participants of the research were the students of the first grade of MA Ma'arif
4 Kalirejo, Lampung Tengah in the academic year 2011/2012. X.1 was the
experimental class and X.2 was the control class. Experimental class was taught
through retelling story and the control class was taught through translation. The
research design was Pretest Posttest Control Group Design and the data were
taken from the test and the data were analyzed by using Independent Group T-test.
Independent Group T-test was used at the 0,05 significance level to prove whether
or not the hypothesis was accepted. The computation showed that t- observe
(0.000)is lower than t-table (2.042). It means that H
1
was accepted. H
was there
is difference of students' reading comprehension between students who are taught
through retelling story and students who are taught through translating technique
by using fairy tale.
Based on the result, it is suggested that English teachers to use retelling story from
fairy tale as the way to teach reading comprehension since it can be used to
encourage the students to be more creative in teaching learning process.


THESE contributions to practical surgery include the histories of five cases; and for the most part the subjects are those that have already occupied the attention of that able surgeon, Mr. BUTCHER. The first case is, new-Elephantiasis Arabum, affecting in the most formidable way the lower extremity, successfully treated by ligature of the femoral artery. The remedy applied here appears to have had a most satisfactory effect, confirming in a marked manner the experience of Professor Carnochan of New York, who first suggested this mode of treating an almost irremediable disease. Mr. Butcher met with unusual difficulties in isolating the femoral artery, deeply buried in hypertrophied structures. The vein, an inch in width, obscured everything. The artery was, however, by dint of careful surgery, tied without injury to the vein-the graphic narration of the difficulties that attend on the separation of the artery from its accompanying vessel in ligature of the femnoral, and the mode in which they should be overcome, being well worthy of consideration. The second case is a Successfuil Case of Excision of the Knee-Joint. Here, after stating that which we believe, in reference to this proceeding, will be found to be thoroughly correct-" that the operation has been far too confidently adopted, and that the general proportion of its failures arises from operating on diseases or on patients unfitting for its use "-an onslaught is made on the writer of the article " Resection", in the System of Surqery, where the "Butcher's" saw is described as "rather liable to bend, and the blade is apt to get loose". We confess to sympathisinig with Mr. Butcher when he describes this article as " feeble" and "meagre". Indeed, it seemed to us, when we read the System, that the author of the article in question possessed as little actual experience in the great surgerv of resection of joints as he did in the usefulness of an instrument that, beyond all question, is one of the simplest, most elegant and facile of modern invention. The succeeding cases refer to Extirpations of the Upper Maxille on account of vast tumours, and are especially interesting from the successful use of the actual cautery in arresting the immediate and subsequent hbomorrhages that took place. The series terminates by the narration of one of those complicated cases of hare-lip in which all the resources of surgery were satisfactorily brought to bear. It is impossible to peruse Mr. Butcher's writings without being struck with the eminently practical character of his mind. As a surgeon, in a difficult case, mnainly depending for the successful issue on the after treatment, we see him doing everything himself, and eminently abundant in resources in the face of difficulties. The reader is carried along with him in his love of surgery, increased by a command of language at once suggestive and picturesque, and which is so characteristic of those men who have made and who yet maintain the reputation of the Irish school of surgery.


With the increase of customer base over internet, a large community of the user adopts p2p network because of its potential characteristics of file sharing. From the past decade there has been an extensive research work towards ensuring better security systems over p2p network. However, majority of the security techniques are either highly sophisticated or doesn't yield full fledge security to the user. Hence, the proposed system introduces a security technique for safeguarding the communication channel that is used for multimedia contents sharing. The proposed system uses the potential characteristics of large scale distributed network and scalable coding to perform ciphering process of the multimedia files over P2P. The outcomes of the results are evaluated with respect to PSNR to find that computational overhead is significantly low. Thereby the proposed system ensure cost effective security model in p2p..


The purpose of this study was identify the factors affecting health related quality of life in urban working elderly. This study used the data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey and analyzed the demographic characteristics, work related factors, health related factors and health-related quality of life in living urban and aged 65 and over. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 18.0 program. As a result, there were significant differences according to age, sex, marital status, generation composition, education level, family income, house ownership, allowance, private medical insurance, smoking, alcohol, stress. The affecting factors of health-related quality of life were sex, education level, allowance, private medical insurance. According to the results of this study, the health-related quality of life of the elderly should be improved by considering gender specific characteristics and economic status.


Papers presented at the conference analyze the overall employment and unemployment situation in the region, and its role in contributing to migration across the Mediterranean.


Use of carbohydrates as a thickener for solutions of surfactants, characterized in that use is derivatized oligofructosides which are obtainable by reaction of inulins with (a) alkylating agents or (b) alkylene oxides and alkylating agents.


Krill is a vital food source for many marine animals but also strongly impacted by climate change. Genetic adaptation could support populations, but remains uncharacterized. We assembled the 19 Gb Northern krill genome and compared genome-scale variation among 74 specimens from the colder Atlantic Ocean and warmer Mediterranean Sea. The genome is dominated by methylated transposable elements and contains many duplicated genes implied in molting and vision. Analysis of 760 million SNPs indicates extensive homogenizing gene-flow among populations. Nevertheless, we detect extreme divergence across hundreds of genes, governing ecophysiological functions like photoreception, circadian regulation, reproduction and thermal tolerance. Such standing variation may be essential for resilience in zooplankton, necessitating insight into adaptive variation to forecast their roles in future marine ecosystems and support ocean conservation. One-Sentence Summary Genome-scans of Northern krill link genes for photoreception, reproduction and thermal tolerance to ecological adaptation.


AbstractThis note reports an experimental study of the fluid damping of a long slender cylinder, fixed at both ends (norotationanddisplacement),inacrossair-flow.ThestructuraldynamicstrainwasmeasuredintheliftdirectionoverarangeofreducedvelocityU r usingafibre-opticBragggratingsensor.Anauto-regressivemovingaveragetechniquewasusedtodeducetheeffectivedampingratios(includingstructuralandfluiddamping)fromthestraindata.Themodaldampingratioscorrespondingtothefirst-,second-andthird-modevibrationsoverarangeofU r from3to45havebeencharacterizedanddiscussed.Theresultsshowthatthevalueoffluiddampingvariedsignificantlyatresonancewhenthevortex-sheddingfrequencycoincideswithoneofthenaturalfrequenciesofthecombinedfluid–structuresystem.r 2002ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.1. IntroductionDampingmodelstheenergydissipationofasystemduringvibrationandplaysanimportantroleinthestabilityofastructureanditsvibrationamplitude.Itsknowledgeisessentialifthedynamicbehaviourofastructureinacross-flowwere to be understood thoroughly. Damping may arise from fluid surrounding the structure as well as from thestructure.Whilestructuraldampingisrelatedtothepropertiesofthestructure,fluiddampingoriginatesfromskinfrictionandfluiddrag,i.e.,theresultofviscousshearingofthefluidatthesurfaceofthestructureandflowseparation.Asaresult,fluiddampingismotiondependentandisdifficulttoestimate(WeaverandFitzpatrick,1988;Grangeretal.,1993).Usinganauto-regressivemovingaverage(ARMA)technique,Zhouetal.(2000)andSoetal.(2001)deducedthefluiddampingratiosfromthestructuraldisplacementtimeseriesobtainedfromanumericalsimulationofanelasticcylinder in a cross-flow. The damping ratios thus deduced showed a trend quite similar to the experimentalmeasurements of Griffin and Koopmann (1977). In comparison withthe simulation data, signals obtained fromexperiments are usually 'noisier'. Thus, whether the ARMA technique is equally applicable for the analysis ofexperimentaldataremainstobeverified.Furthermore,themassratioconsideredinthestudyofZhouetal.(2000)isrelativelysmall.Forthecaseofacylinderinair-flow,themassratioismuchlarger.Howwouldthisdifferenceinmassratioaffectthefluiddamping?Thepresentworkaimstostudyexperimentallytheeffectivedampingratio,includingstructuraldampingandfluiddamping,ofalongslendercylinderinacrossair-flow.TheeffectivedampingratiosofthefirstthreemodeswerededucedfromthemeasuredsignalsusingtheARMAtechnique.Theresultsarediscussedindetail,includingthevariationofthedampingratiooverarelativelylargerangeofreducedvelocityU


Increasing petroleum explorations indicate that the formation of many reservoirs is in close association with deep hot fluids, which can be subdivided into three groups including crust-derived hot fluid, hydrocarbon-related hot fluid, and mantle-derived hot fluid. The crust-derived hot fluid mainly originates from deep old rocks or crystalline basement. It usually has higher temperature than the surrounding rocks and is characterized by hydrothermal mineral assemblages (e.g. fluorite, hydrothermal dolomite, and barite), positive Eu anomaly, low δ18O value, and high 87Sr/86Sr ratio. Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the central Tarim Basin, northwestern China serve as typical examples. The hydrocarbon-related hot fluid is rich in acidic components formed during the generation of hydrocarbons, such as organic acid and CO2, and has strong ability to dissolve alkaline minerals (e.g. calcite, dolomite, and alkaline feldspar). Extremely 13C-depleted carbonate cements are indicative of the activities of such fluids. The activities of hydrocarbon-related hot fluids are distinct in the Eocene Wilcox Group of the Texas Gulf Coast, and the Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Jimusaer Sag and the Triassic Baikouquan Formation of the Mahu Sag in the Junggar Basin. The mantle-derived hot fluid comes from the upper mantle. The activities of mantle-derived hot fluids are common in the rift basins in eastern China, showing a close spatial relationship with deep faults. This type of hot fluid is characterized by high CO2 content, unique gas compositions, and distinct noble gas isotopic signatures. In the Huangqiao gas field of eastern China, mantle-derived CO2-rich hot fluids have created more pore spaces in the Permian sandstone reservoirs adjacent to deep faults.


Implants can be a treatment option when there is sufficient quantity and quality of bone to provide support for long-term success. In defects reconstruction, autogenous bone remains the gold standard for its osteogenic and compatibility properties. However, the disadvantage of secondary surgery and the associated donor site morbidity prompts researchers to develop the ideal bone substitute for optimum bone reconstruction. Parathyroid hormone (PTH1-34) has provided a new option for improvement in bone regeneration. This study utilized a pig model to evaluate the effectiveness of parathyroid hormone when added to a xenograft, Bio-Oss, in reconstructing mandible defects. Six domestic pigs were used to create three posterior mandibular defects measuring 2x1cm bilaterally with a total of thirty-six defects to simulate tooth extraction sites in humans. The defects were grafted in random order and divided into three groups as follows: control - no graft, Bio-Oss without PTH, and Bio-Oss with PTH. Defects were assessed with CBCT, Micro CT, nanoindentation, and histology. Results showed that adding PTH1-34 significantly enhanced the graft construct. CBCT showed significant increase in the degree of bone mineralization. Nanoindentation showed increased hardness of regenerated bone and accelerated bone mineralization with PTH. Micro-CT analysis revealed a trend toward higher bone regeneration and mineralization. The histological analysis showed the positive trend of the increase in cortical bone thickness and mineral apposition rate. In conclusion, the local addition of PTH1-34 to a xenograft has shown promising results to enhance bone regeneration in reconstruction of mandibular defects.


The present invention discloses compounds of formula (I), compositions comprising them, processes for preparing them and their use in medical therapy (for example modulating CCR5 receptor activity in a warm blooded animal).


At present, the manufacturing industry is facing the severe development challenge of transformation and upgrading, and the solution of the problem depends largely on the development of production service. Therefore, this paper constructs a static panel data regression model based on location entropy and spatial Gini coefficient, and analyzes the agglomeration effect of production service industry on the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry in Quanzhou city. The results show that the agglomeration of production service industry plays a strong role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. The contribution of this study may provide both the theoretical reference and support for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. Keywords—Manufacturing Industry; Production Service; Agglomeration; Transformation and Upgrading; Quanzhou city


In this paper, the decode flow of the H.264 decoder has been introduced,and the process of the entropy coder in the decoder has been analyzed. An optimize of deviding blocks to lessen the searching range has also been brought forward, so that the decoding speed of processing the entropy coder is greatly increased.