BACKGROUND
Both arrhenotoky (sexual reproduction of females and asexual reproduction of males) and thelytoky (asexual reproduction of females) occur within the order Hymenoptera. The existence of both thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains within one species provides an opportunity to compare the biocontrol efficiency between two reproductive modes. The parasitoid Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains with sympatric distributions. This parasitoid is used to control invasive leafminers through feeding, stinging, and parasitization. To compare the biocontrol efficiency of the two strains, we analyzed life tables and predation parameters of these two strains reared on the leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard using age-stage, two-sex life table, and predation analyses.

RESULTS
Our results showed that the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0 ) of the thelytokous strain were significantly higher than those of the arrhenotokous strain. The thelytokous females also performed better than the arrhenotokous females for the net host-feeding rate, net host-stinging rate, and net host-killing rate, but not the net parasitism rate. Furthermore, the finite host-killing rate of the thelytokous strain (0.8720 ± 0.0516) was significantly higher than that of the arrhenotokous strain (0.5914 ± 0.0832).

CONCLUSIONS
We concluded that thelytokous N. formosa is a better candidate as a biocontrol agent than arrhenotokous N. formosa to control leafminers. Our results shed light on how to choose a better biocontrol agent for integrated pest management (IPM) based on biological control, especially for co-occurring thelytokous and arrhenotokous parasitoids.


The behavior of hexafluoroacetone ethoxycarbonylimine in cyclocondensation with different binucleophiles of the amidine type, viz., amino derivatives of N- and N,S-heterocycles, was studied. A preparative method for the synthesis of previously unknown annelated 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,5-triazinones was developed.


Abstract The present work mainly describes the relative abilities of two different extraction techniques, namely hydrodistillation (HD), and microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) to separate the essential oils from the aerial parts of Artemisia sieberi, in combination with analysis by GC and GC-MS. By means of the HD method, 47 components were identified in the aerial parts oils, representing 98.6 % of the total composition, whereas by the MAHD method, 30 components were identified, constituting 99.7 % of the oil. The major constituents of the HD method were camphor (22.0 %), 1,8-cineole (19.3 %), cis-davanone (15.0 %), camphene (4.6 %) and terpinene-4-ol (3.2 %), whereas the profile of the oil isolated by the MAHD technique was characterized by cis-davanone (29.8 %), camphor (20.8 %), 1,8-cineole (13.8 %), geranyl acetate (5.7 %) and terpinene-4-ol (3.0 %) as the dominant compounds.


Sotalol (So), a new antiarrhythmic agent, is a beta-blocker that also has been shown to have some class III electrophysiologic (EP) effects. To evaluate the EP effects of So on the immature heart and to assess the relative importance of its class III actions, two groups of neonatal canines, ages 4-15 days, were studied and compared. Group I consisted of 6 puppies in whom EP studies were performed in the control state (C) and following 1.5, 2.5 and 4.0 mg/kg I.V. So. Group II consisted of 6 puppies in whom EP studies were performed prior to and following beta-blockade with 0.6 mg/kg I.V. propranolol (P). So caused a dose dependent decrease in heart rate (181 ± 27 to 125 ± 21 bpm, p< 0.001) while P caused no significant change (169 ± 9 to 159 ± 14, ns). So significantly prolonged atrial refractoriness (AERP: 67 ± 14 C, 117 ± 28 So; AFRP: 102 ± 9 C, 152 ± 31 So, p < 0.001) while P only slightly increased the AFRP (114 ± 12 C, 120 ± 10 P, p < 0.03). While the AV node FRP was prolonged by P (183 ± 9 C, 193 ± 19 P, p< 0.05) So caused a greater increase (171 ± 29 C, 244 ± 57 So, p< 0.01). Similarly, while P slightly increased the VERP (158 ± 12 C to 168 ± 13, p <0.05) So caused a far greater increase in ventricular refractoriness (VERP: 152 ± 26 C, 227 ± 41 So; VFRP: 173 ± 23 C, 253 ± 34 So, p < 0.001). Because the EP changes with beta-blockade in the immature heart are modest, the large changes in myocardial refractoriness induced by So must be largely due to a significant class III antiarrhythmic effect.


In developed Western countries, many organizations engaged in growing new businesses. These are science and technology parks, technologic-innovation centers and incubators wide range. In the modern economic environment, where only uncertainty is certain, it is referred to an entrepreneurial infrastructure. This therefore, that such an orientation in business has become an important factor for business efficiency. A business efficiency is a matter of survival of any company. Also, the enterprise infrastructure can be found in the form of clusters.


The invention relates to a conduit dynamometry device. A tail shaft is arranged in a model; one end of the tail shaft is connected with a rotation shaft; the rotation shaft is provided with a propeller; the conduit is arranged on the outer periphery of the propeller; a tail shaft pipe is sleeved outside the tail shaft; in the model, an annular conduit balance is arranged on the outer periphery ofthe tail shaft pipe; the inner periphery of the annular conduit balance is in clearance fit with the outer periphery of the tail shaft pipe; the outer periphery of the middle part of the annular conduit balance is provided with an annular groove; cylinder parts at two ends of the annular conduit balance are provided with holes; the outer peripheral surface near an opening part is provided with a connecting thread; one end of the annular conduit balance is connected to the conduit via a connecting pipe and a bracket; and the other end of the annular conduit balance and a flange plate are fixedly connected to a tail flange. The thrust of the conduit is transferred to the annular conduit balance installed in the model via the bracket, axial force is reflected and calculated by the strain dynamometry element on the annular conduit balance according to a Wheatstone bridge principle, and therefore the thrust of the conduit can be accurately measured in a test.


e21072 Background: While the administration of specific tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in ALK-fusion positive lung cancer has led to significant improvement in clinical outcomes, detection of gene fusions remains challenging, especially from liquid biopsies. In tissue biopsies, assays which incorporate RNA-based detection have demonstrated increased sensitivity for gene fusion detection. We therefore hypothesized that a liquid biopsy assay equally including assessment of gene fusions using circulating-tumor RNA (ctRNA) in addition to circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA), will improve detection. Furthermore, we hypothesized that detection of gene fusions as well as mutations will also correlate with clinical treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 89 samples from 35 patients included in the BRIGHTSTAR clinical trial assessing local consolidative therapy (LCT) and brigatinib in patients with stage IV or recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and confirmed ALK rearrangement (NCT03707938). Samples were included at baseline (N = 31), prior to LCT after 8 weeks of brigatinib treatment (N = 29), after LCT ( < 3 weeks; N = 25) and at progression (N = 4). We used a targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) assay assessing both ctDNA as well as ctRNA (LiquidHALLMARK, Lucence Health, Palo Alto) to detect ALK fusions as well as mutations in 80 genes. Up to 5 ml of plasma was analyzed per sample. Results: At baseline, ALK fusions were detected in 15/31 patients (48%) of which 8 were detected using both ctDNA and ctRNA, while four were exclusively detected in ctDNA and three in ctRNA. Plasma ctDNA concentrations for patients with detectable ALK fusions at baseline were significantly higher than for those without detectable gene fusions (mean 26.1 ng/mL versus 16.6 ng/mL; p = 0.0044). ALK fusions were detected in two patients pre-LCT, exclusively in ctRNA, while ALK fusions cleared completely post-LCT. At progression, ALK fusions were detected in 2/4 samples (50%) in both ctDNA and ctRNA. Of the two negative samples tissue biopsies were available confirming the absence of an ALK rearrangement, including one transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. Overall, including analysis of ctRNA led to a 36% relative additional detection of ALK fusions compared to analyzing ctDNA alone. Furthermore, ctDNA mutation positivity in genes other than ALK was 17/31 (55%), 9/29 (31%), 8/25 (32%) and 3/4 (75%) for baseline, pre-LCT, post-LCT and progression, respectively. Conclusions: We highlight that ALK fusions can be reliably detected in plasma of lung cancer patients and detectability of ALK fusions correlate with exposure to treatment. Analyzing ctRNA in addition to ctDNA improves sensitivity of fusion detection and is a highly promising strategy in this setting.


Abstract Lipoxygenase from Khao Dawk Mali 105 aromatic brown rice was isolated by extracting brown rice liquid nitrogen powder using 0.2 M phosphate buffer pH 7, fractionating with 30–60% (NH4)2SO4, dialyzing and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The optimum pHs for dialyzed lipoxygenase activity were around 7.5 and 9.5. The enzyme appeared to be completely inactivated after heating 30 min at 70°C, 20 min at 80°C and 10 min at 90°C. The enzyme could be inhibited by MgCl2, ZnCl2, KCl, BHA, vitamin E, vitamin C, and BHT; however, CaCl2 acted as the enzyme activator.


Objective: To Observe the effect of mifepristone after non-radical operation in the treatment of endometriosis.Meth-ods: 93 cases were divided into 2 groups randomly,the treated group(n=53) received the treatment of non-radical operation and mifepristone.,the control group only received operation,the clinical effect and adverse effect were compared between two groups.Results: The treated group was better than control group at improving symptoms,such as alleviation of dysmenorrhoea,hypogastralgia,lumbosacral algesia and intercourse pain(P 0.01).Conclusion: The combination of non-radical operation with mifepristone is the better treatment in endometriosis.


THE SPONTANEOUSLY hypertensive (SH) rat derived by Okamoto has become a widely used model in research on hypertension. This is primarily because, despite extensive study, we know as little of the causation of hypertension in the SH rat as we do of essential hypertension in humans. The SH rat is normotensive at birth. After the first month of life, however, blood pressure slowly climbs, reaching or exceeding 220 rnm Hg systolic. An intriguing but unexplored aspect of the model is that the heart to body weight ratio is significantly elevated from birth, compared to normotensive Wistar rats.


Rotor speed changes with variation of electrical power witch controlled by converter in doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG), compared to the large thermal power unit DFIG is more suitable for adjusting the power fluctuation of fast varying component. In this paper, a primary regulating strategy of DFIG by distinguishing power fluctuating frequency is presented. DFIG is expected to participate in primary frequency regulation as a substitute for thermal unit in fast varying component of frequency fluctuating. Simulink model of a micro power grid with twenty percent wind power penetration is established to verify the advantages of supposed strategy in the end of paper.


The bench blasting in a quarry and open cast pit follows its own technological and economical laws which have to be taken into account when planning and performing this operation. The selection of optimum parameters of blasting with deep blast holes is associated with the basic aim: to reach the planned destruction with the required intensity and uniformity of crushing of the given rock without undesired dangerous and harmful consequences for environment and men. In this report basical parameters of drilling-blasting works are layed out and also to their importance in the blasted of overburden, on the pit mines of 'RMU Banovici'.


New teaching and new educational methods, in particular online learning, are now reality. In this context, libraries will increasingly be the mediators to digital as well as physical objects. Explores the question of metadata and collaborative cataloguing activities and how these might impact on the libraries of the future.


Modeling multi-variate time-series (MVTS) data is a long-standing research subject and has found wide applications. Recently, there is a surge of interest in modeling spatial relations between variables as graphs, i.e., first learning one static graph for each dataset and then exploiting the graph structure via graph neural networks. However, as spatial relations may differ substantially across samples, building one static graph for all the samples inherently limits flexibility and severely degrades the performance in practice. To address this issue, we propose a framework for fine-grained modeling and utilization of spatial correlation between variables. By analyzing the statistical properties of real-world datasets, a universal decomposition of spatial correlation graphs is first identified. Specifically, the hidden spatial relations can be decomposed into a prior part, which applies across all the samples, and a dynamic part, which varies between samples, and building different graphs is necessary to model these relations. To better coordinate the learning of the two relational graphs, we propose a min-max learning paradigm that not only regulates the common part of different dynamic graphs but also guarantees spatial distinguishability among samples. The experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline methods on both time-series forecasting and time-series point prediction tasks.


New heteropolyniobates based on a bicapped Keggin-type {VNb14O42(NO3)2} (abbreviated as {VNb14}) cluster have been successfully synthesized by conventional aqueous methods. These clusters are a type of multifunctional material, which exhibit selective adsorption for methanol, ethanol and water and photocatalytic H2 evolution activity.


In his book, Understanding Institutions, Francesco Guala discusses two solutions to the problem of mindreading for coordination, the solution thinking approach proposed by Adam Morton and the team reasoning approach developed by Michael Bacharach, Robert Sugden, and Natalie Gold. I argue that the family resemblance between the two approaches is even stronger than Guala thinks.


Aim:The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare for clinical outcomes between single‑and double‑bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods:One hundred fifty‑three patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon were included. Single‑ or double‑bundle reconstruction was performed for 94(S groupor 59 patients(D grouprespectively. At 2 years after surgerythe manual knee laxity testanterior stability with KT‑1000range of motion muscle strength and Lysholm score were evaluated. Second‑look arthroscopy was performed for each knee. Results:The mean side‑to‑side difference of the KT 1000 value after surgery was 3.8mm in S group and 3.1mm in D groupwhich was not significant different. Howeverthe percentage of less than 5mm of anterior knee laxity was significantly larger in D group. Other clinical results were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions:Clinical outcomes were similar after single‑ and double‑bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon.(Kitakanto Med J 2009;59:131~135)


Vertical integration, diversification, and industry analysis are fundamental topics in strategic management content research. We develop the conceptualization of these issues by exploring their nature as well as their correct measurement. Toward these ends, we conduct an extensive analysis of the COMPUSTAT II data base and the TRINET data base in all three research contexts. In addition to these two data bases, we also evaluate the Census of Manufacturers, S&P's Financial Dynamics, S&P's Industry Surveys and Dun and Bradstreet's Industry Norms and Key Business Ratios, for purposes of industry analysis. Important contributions include our identification of the potential of COMPUSTAT 11 data to distinguish within-stage forward and backward vertical integration, and between-stage forward and backward vertical integration, as well as our recommendations for the protection of the integrity of studies based on the COMPUSTA T II and TRINET data bases.


ABSTRACT Political party plays an important role in the democratic process of a country due to its role as a political infrastructure in an attempt to print a cadre of state leaders in the executive and legislative branches, which is a political suprastructure. Te correlationof both branches arevery important in the realization of the rule of law, which is based on democratic principles. In order to strengthen democracy and the implementation of an effective party system, strengthening the institutions and improving the function and the role of political party are needed.Tus, public funds (public fnancing) is nedeed by the political party to support operational activities of political education and political party secretariat. In relation with that issue, the fnancial disclosure at the level of internal party democracy is nedeed. Tis paper analyzes the fnancial support of political parties, in particular on the party funding arrangements system sourced from public funds, as referred to in the regulations governing the fnancial aid of the party with regard to the principles of good fnancial management and international standards that are built on people's interests. Keywords : political party, democracy, political party fnance. INTISARI Partai Politik memegang peranan penting dalam proses demokrasi suatu negara. Mengingat perannya sebagai infrastruktur politik dalam upaya mencetak kaderkader pemimpin negara di eksekutif maupun legislatif yang merupakan suatu suprastruktur politik. Korelasi keduanya sangatlah penting di dalam perwujudan prinsip negara hukum yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip demokrasi. Guna penguatan pelaksanaan demokrasi dan sistem kepartaian yang efektif diperlukan penguatan kelembagaan serta peningkatan fungsi dan peran Partai Politik. Sehingga dengan demikian diperlukan adanya pemberian bantuan keuangan partai yang bersumber dari dana publik (public fnancing) yang digunakan sebagai penunjang kegiatan pendidikan politik dan operasional sekretariat partai politik. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, perlu adanya demokrasi pada tataran internal partai untuk mewujudkan keterbukaan keuangan partai. Tulisan ini menganalisis tentang bantuan keuangan partai politik, secara spesifk pada sistem pengaturan pendanaan  partai yang bersumber dari dana publik sebagaimana dimaksud dalam regulasi yang mengatur tentang bantuan keuangan partai dengan memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip pengelolaan keuangan yang baik dan standar internasional yang dibangun di atas kepentingan rakyat. Kata Kunci : Partai Politik, Demokrasi, bantuan keuangan partai.


Objective To explore the clinical value of predicting the decreasing ovarian reserve functions by combining multiple indices and the effect of pregnancy rate after being treated with hormonal cycle.Methods 202 patients with decreasing ovarian reserve function were selected by measuring serum levels of basic follicle stimulating hormone(bFSH),anti-mulerian hormone(AMH),inhibin B(inhB) and ovarian antral follicle count(AFC) by transvaginal color Doppler,which were divided into two groups randomly,one group(group A) were given stimulating ovulation cycles direct without treatment,the other one(group B) were given stimulating ovulation cycles after artificial menstrual cycle.The difference in cycle and clinic pregnancy rate and stimulating ovulation condition between the two groups were observed,at the same time the hormone level change after the treatment in group B were also observed.Results Cycle and clinic pregnancy rate in group A was lower than group B,but number of days with drugs for stimulating ovulation was higher than group B,there were all significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05);Serum levels of bFSH before the treatment in group B was lower than that of post-treatment,but serum levels of AMH and INHB after the treatment was higher than that of pre-treatment,there were all significant difference(P 0.05).Conclusions Predicting the ovarian reserve functions by combining multiple indices can improve consequential dependability;Early diagnosis of decreasing ovarian reserve function and treatment for reasonable sex hormone can ameliorate ovarian functions and improve pregnancy rate.


To date, no formal epidemiologic studies of the prevalenceof sexualdysfunction among cancer patients have been pub lished. The problem is considerable, how ever, and some empirical data are avail able. Devlin et al' report an approximately 50 percent rate of dysfunction in post-co lostomy males, while the rate for males undergoing radical prostatectomy is 85 to 90 percent.2 For prostate cancer, external megavoltage radiation is reported as pro ducing dysfunction in 40 to 85 percent of patientsby von Eschenbach.3Although relatively rare,cancerof thetestis isone ofthemostcommon cancersamong males inthe20 to34 yearagegroup,anda num ber of studies indicate ejaculatory dys function in the 85 to 95 percent range for thesepatients.4'5 Inwomen undergoingpelvicexenter ation,dysfunctionapproaches100 per cent,6-7 a finding similar to that observed


The dielectric properties of Ices II, III, V, and VI have been measured up to 300 kc/sec over a range of temperatures and pressures. All except Ice II exhibited well‐defined dielectric dispersion and so are orientationally disordered under the experimental conditions. The dispersion loci were slightly broader than Debye curves, which may reflect the presence of nonequivalent crystal sites. As for Ice I, the static dielectric constants correspond to values of about 3 for the Kirkwood orientational correlation factor. This suggests that these forms of ice are four coordinated, in agreement with infrared and (for Ice III) x‐ray evidence at low temperatures. The relaxation rates are considerably faster than for Ice I, and the activation energies and entropies somewhat lower. The volumes of activation are all about 4.6 cm3 mole−1. The relaxation mechanism appears to be similar to that in Ice I, i.e., relaxation occurs by diffusion of orientational defects.X‐ray and infrared studies have indicated that Ice II i...


Abstract : In this report we have considered the dynamics of the plasma opening switch from the perspective of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a coaxial waveguide. It is found that switches with plasma densities in the 10 to the 12th power range or lower will allow energy to couple to normal modes in the plasma and propagate through the switch. The energy propagates at the Alfven speed or higher. At densities above 10 to the 13th power the picture changes to one where the dissipative properties of the plasma prevent direct electromagnetic energy propagation. The energy must penetrate the plasma by diffusion. This report addresses the microinstabilities that lead to this diffusion picture. Consistent with this picture several suggestions are made for enhancing the conduction time of the plasma opening switch. (rh)


This paper uses Bolter and Grusin's remediation approach in investigating the manner in which new forms of digital media are re-casting the communicative and epistemological import of knowledge, teaching and learning. Given the considerable disparity between the rhetoric and realities of the educational implementation of information technologies to date the paper argues that particular attention should be paid to the refashioning of existing forms of pre-digital didactics in current forms of digital didactics. These themes are pursued through an examination of the UK government's ongoing 'Digital Curriculum' project as a case study of remediation of didactics in the digital age.


Japanese steel makers are contemplating on purchase of iron ore mines and production lines based on a strong yen. Japanese steel makers should consolidate and raise stakes in mines to boost their bargaining clout with top raw material producers.


Objective:To study the change in proteolytic rate in rat skeletal muscle after burn injury.Also,we observe the change in ubiquitin mRNA expression of ubiquitinproteasome pathway at different time points in rat skeletal muscle,and to investigate the relationship between proteolytic rate of rat skeletal muscle and ubiquitinproteasome pathway.Methods:With the help of rat model of burn injury,we determined the content of 3methylhistidine(3MH) and tyrosine (Tyr) in muscle incubation system in vitro by amino acid automatic analyser and the level of ubiquitin mRNA expression in different types of skeletal muscle by northern blot analysis.Results:The concentrations of 3MH and Tyr in incubation medium rat of extensor digitorium logus (EDL) muscle increased apparently.The level of ubiquitin mRNA expression in EDL muscle increased markedly after burn injury in rats compared with control group.There was a positive correlation between the expression of ubiquitin mRNA and respective contents of Tyr and 3MH.Conclusions:Proteolytic enhancement of rat's skeletal muscle occurred after burn injury.The enhancement of skeletal muscle proteolysis in burned rats was attributed to activation of ubiquitinproteasome pathway in transcriptional level.


In the digital substation and secondary equipment electronic transformer of substation automation technology digital interface is a key point,this paper analyzes the electronic transformer standards and IEC61850 standard of digital output requirements,and give digital interface the digital quantity communication frame scheme.On this basis,this paper puts forward a based on field programmable gates array(FPGA) and digital signal processing(DSP) technology interface design,detailed introduces the hardware and software design method.Experimental results show that the scheme can be well applied to the realization of digital interface.


Bequest patterns to children are important in intergenerational models of the distribution of income and wealth. Economies that feature primogeniture will have a greater degree of inequality than those featuring equal division. This paper presents evidence on estate division among children by sex, birth order, family size, estate size, and asset composition. The results presented here are preference-generated not tax-induced due to the tax characteristics within the sampling region. It is shown that equal sharing among children is the rule, a result that casts doubt upon the "altruist" model of inheritance as advanced by Becker and Tomes.


To investigate the effects of Oenanthe javanica sap (OJS) on plasma lipid composition, several biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT and malodialdehyde were compared in the four groups as follows: a normal group with basal diet, a control group with high-fat diet, a treatment group with high-fat diet and OJS 1 ㎖/㎏, and the other treatment group with high-fat diet and OJS 1.5 ㎎/㎏. In addition, the body weight change, food intake and food efficiency ratios were measured. In this study, treatment groups decreased plasma total cholesterol levels.


A psychosomatic study was conducted with grade school and high school students to examine the occurrence of diarrhea and constipation in relation to their perception of illness. In order to find out in greater detail the nature of diarrhea and constipation and the awareness of illness in adolescents, a further psychosomatic study was conducted by questionnaires, psychological tests, interviews and somatic examinations. A follow up study was conducted two and a half years later. The main results were as follows. 1. The incidence of diarrhea and constipation increased significantly in so-called adolescence over the period from junior high school to senior high school. Boys had more diarrhea while girls more constipation. 2. Those who had only one bowel movement a day were found in 61 to 72% of the male population, while in only 50 to 69% of the female population. In regard to the type of stool, as many as 11 to 21% of boys and 11 to 24% of girls reported that they usually had soft, hard or sheepdung stools. As they were mostly healthy students, these findings suggest that the awareness of illness is an important factor in diagnosing irritable colon syndrome. 3. Significant interrelationship was proven to exist between the occurrence of diarrhea and/or constipation and sociopsychological factors such as anxiety, emotional unstability and social maladaptation. 4. Significant interrelationship was proven to exist between the awareness of illness and sociopsychological factors. 5. Almost 2/3 of the students who have diarrhea and/or constipation with the awareness of illness developed their first symptoms during the period of preparing for enter to the upper schools and/or for adjusting to the new school surroundings. Among their precipitating factors anxiety and tension in connection with school examinations were mentioned by 2/3 of the students. 6. About 2/3 of both diarrhea and constipation types showed a lymphoid hyperplasia in the part of terminal ileum by the X-ray examination. In the lactose tolerance test (50g), more than 80% of both types showed less than 20mg/dl of the maximum rise of blood sugar. However, there was no significant difference between these two types. 7. The. significant interrelationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and/or constipation and sociopsychological factors was supported by the follow up study which was carried out two and a half years later.


Summary

Little is known about the extent of marihuana use among adults, except for heavy users and special populations. This study reports the extent of marihuana use among 1,200 carefully chosen adults in Toronto in 1971. It was found that 12.2 per cent of males and 5.5 per cent of females aged 18 and over had used marihuana in the past year. However, the frequencies rise to 41.5 per cent and 20 per cent respectively in the under 25 group. Marihuana use is most common among males, single or divorced persons and the better educated. However, social variable, explain little of the variation in marihuana use frequency. Multi-drug use, including higher use of alcohol characterizes marihuana users. They are similar in extroversion and neuroticism to normals but higher in both than are non-users.


Growth models of learning-by-doing assume that knowledge learned in produc- tion gets freely and instantly spread to the whole economy. As a result, the econ- omy exhibits aggregate increasing returns and the total factor productivity (TFP) growth is endogenous. However, the assumption of instant diusion of knowledge seems unrealistic. Diusion of knowledge takes time and requires some channel of transmission. In this paper we assume this transmission channel is learning-by- hiring, since knowledge is embodied in workers. We present a model where the free and instant diusion of knowledge may exist only within sectors, but not across sectors. Diusion of knowledge across sectors can only occur through the mobility of labor and, therefore, the labor market determines both the level and growth of TFP. We investigate how labor mobility costs modify the equilibrium outcome of such an economy considering two scenarios: endogenous and exogenous growth. Moreover, we show that other labor market ine ciencies, such as labor income taxes or labor search costs, may reduce labor mobility and therefore modify TFP.


The invention discloses a medical tool cleaning device for surgery. The cleaning device comprises a base plate, a frame body, a pressing device, a material pushing device, a motor device, a water pumping device, a material pouring device and a drying device, wherein a first bent rod, a first supporting rod, a first cross rod, a first locating block and a first bracket are arranged on the base plate; a firs through hole, a first fixed ring, a first sponge block, a second cross rod, a second sponge block, a first saw tooth, a first pipeline, a first water pump and a second bracket are arranged on the frame body; the pressing device comprises a first vertical rod, a second fixed ring, a third sponge block, a first spring, a first movable frame, a third cross rod, a second locating block, a second vertical rod and a first rolling wheel; the material pushing device comprises a second supporting rod, a third bracket, an air cylinder, a third supporting rod, a fourth bracket, a second rolling wheel, a first pushing rod, a material pushing ring, a first locating ring and a first locating frame; and the motor device comprises a motor, a rotating shaft and a fifth bracket. By virtue of the cleaning device disclosed by the invention, medical tools can be thoroughly cleaned; and the cleaning device is significant in cleaning effect and high in cleaning efficiency.


Starting from the idea that the opening of a work plays a significant role in the economy of its composition, this article presents an analysis of the openings of the Platonic dialogues, putting in evidence the usage of the dramatic mimesis . This work highlights the mimetic character of such texts, indicates the position of the author in relation to his work, and points out the construction of the one who will be able to read the dialogues. --- DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/cadletrasuff.2018n56a562


Purpose: To establish confidence in VMAT plan delivery for recently launched VMAT with Varianˈs RapidArc technique at our clinic, a sophisticated plan validation has been performed by comparison of ion- chamber measurements, planning system calculations, and independent Monte Carlo calculations. Methods: Although MatriXX has been used as a reliable device for validations of intensity modulate radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans, it was challenging to use it for VMAT plan validations because of its angle-dependent dose response. A new version of MatriXX Evolution with a gantry angle sensor is able to correct the angle dependency and promises accurate measurements while the gantry rotates. To evaluate the performance of MatriXX for RapidArc plan validations, Monte Carlo calculations using XVMC was used as an independent method to our IMRT validation program. DICOM plans and CT images from Eclipse planning system were translated by an in-house code for XVMC input. Measured dose planes were compared with XVMC dose planes as well as Eclipse dose planes for 12 pelvis plans, 19 prostate plans, and 5 head and neck (H&N) plans. Construction of a scatterplot by taking differences of calculations from measurements displayed a positive correlation between them. Results: Eclipse calculations were off from measurements by 2.64%, 1.89%, and 1.84% in quadratic mean for pelvis, prostate, and H&N plans, respectively. XVMC calculations were off from the measurement by 2.18%, 1.73%, and 2.30% in quadric mean for pelvis, prostate, and HN plans, respectively. Passing percent of Gamma test for Eclipse calculations was over 97.0% and that for XVMC calculations was about 95.7% due to inherent statistical uncertainty of Monte Carlo calculation. Eclipse and XVMC calculations agreed to each other within 4 % Conclusions: The present study shows that Eclipse calculations and measurements using MatriXX evolution can be used for validation of VMAT plans using Rapid Arc delivery technique.


Paper presents experimental results showing the effects of flash lamps broad spectrumadiation in order to change the surface characteristics of ebonite samples in different environments, water and air. Results are presented and explained, as well as the benefits of the method used. Presented research results are coming as a need for ebonite surface erosion performed in order to improve chemical and mechanical characteristics. The studies were performed in atmospheric air pressure and water environment, the variables that were determined to play a role in the extent of surface modifications by flash lamp radiation pulses are distance of lamp from the surface, exposure time, pulse radiation intensity, the surface morphology.


The objective of this study is to develop a free fall motion experiment based on smart phone using Phyphox application and to determine its usability and perception among pre-service teacher. The research development is based on the ADDIE model. Thirty participants were sampled using simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire instrument was used to collect the usability, ease of use and satisfaction data of the experimental kit. Data were analyzed descriptively using percentage of agreement, mean and standard deviation. Both instrument and kit are measured by three experts and gain overall validity is 95% which is interpreted as very good. A pilot test was carried out among fifteen pre-service teachers where the reliability of the usability questionnaire is α =.92 (excellent). In result, the average mean for usability is 3.91, ease to use is 3.84 and satisfaction is 3.91 out of four, which implies the average percentage of agreement is 87.25%. In conclusion, the development of a free fall motion experiment using Phyphox application was valid and reliable, as well as high agreement among pre-service teachers. Implications of the study, the experiment kit developed is suitable for use in learning to help students understand the subtopics of free fall motion.


The basic principle of image-jamming is mainly discussed and the factor that image-jamming can efficiently interfere radar receiver is analyzed.And several factors that affect the image-jamming effectiveness are also discussed.To prove the validity of image-jamming,all results have been modeled and emulated under MATLAB.In the end,on the base of the emulation the best using conditions have been showed.


OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the determitation of both Metronidazole and Fenbufen in compound capsule.METHODS RP HPLC was adopted with Lichrospher ODS(5 μm, 4.0 mm×250 mm) as analytical column, methanol water(75∶25) as the mobile phase, detection wavelength of 285 nm and external standard method.RESULTS The average recovery: Metronidazole was 99.5% ,RSD 0.6% ( n =5); Fenbufen was 100.0% ,RSD 0.7% ( n =5).CONCLUSIONS The method is simple, rapid, reliable for assay of the preparation.


In a recent study, Hamzaoui et al . (1) reported that early use of norepinephrine (NE) in patients with septic shock increased cardiac systolic function despite the increase in left ventricular afterload secondary to the rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP).


Watertight, thermally insulated tank with heat shield elements resistant to compression. Tank sealed and thermally insulated consisting of tank walls fixed to the supporting structure (1) of a floating work by presenting said tank walls successively in the thickness direction from the inside to the outside of said tank, tight barrier primary (8), a primary insulating barrier (6), a tight barrier secondary (5) and a secondary insulating barrier (2), being formed essentially at least one of said insulating barriers, insulating elements juxtaposed, each element thermal filler thermal insulation (63) and support elements that rise through the thickness of said filling of heat insulation to absorb compressive stresses, characterized in that said bearing elements of a thermal element include pillars ( 65) of small cross section relative to the dimensions of thermal element in a plane parallel to said pair ed tank.


Numerous nonstandard dynamics dominated by very high mass exchanges are described at current and future accelerator energies by appropriate contactlike effective interactions among the standard model particles. Correspondingly, they can manifest themselves only through deviations of the cross sections from the standard model predictions. If one such deviation were observed, it would be important to definitely identify, to a given confidence level, the actual source among the various possible nonstandard interactions that, in principle, can explain it. Here we estimate the identification reach on different new physics effective interactions, obtainable from angular distributions of lepton pair production processes at the planned electron-positron International Linear Collider with polarized beams. For each nonstandard model, such an identification reach defines the range in the relevant heavy mass scale parameter where it can be unambiguously distinguished from the other nonstandard models as the source of corrections to the standard model cross sections, in case these are observed. The effective interactions for which we estimate the expected identification reach are the interactions based on gravity in large extra dimensions, in TeV{sup -1} extra dimensions and the compositeness-inspired four-fermion contact interactions. The availability of both beams polarized at the International Linear Collider turns out, in manymore » cases, to dramatically enhance the identification sensitivity.« less


Henry Dicks holds a special position with regard to psychonanalysis. He Accepts the psychoanalytical formulations of psychopathology but he does n?t limit himself to them. He has felt free to incorporate Fairbairn's theoretical elaborations, and also uses ideas from field theorists, notably Kurt Lewin. He has also followed the work ?f pioneers in group research and j?roup therapy in his development of 'deas of the therapy of a marital Sltuation. Dicks is not an eclectic in *he sense of one standing apart from *he various theories, picking and goosing an idea here and there; he ?ecomes deeply involved in the theorles that he uses and contributes to lheir development. The present volume gives the history of the work of the Family Discussion Bureau, founded in 1949 in Association with the Tavistock Clinic, together with Dr. Mary Luff, he instituted the 'joint interview' taking the couple as the unit of therapy. He describes the evolution of their concepts, the methods of investigation and diagnosis, and he goes on to outline the aims and processes of marital therapy.


We present here the synthesis of dicyano-2-methylenebut-3-enoates as novel Diels-Alder dienes through an efficient PPh(3)-catalyzed strategy, and an unprecedented PPh(3)-catalyzed addition/all-carbon-based asymmetric inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder sequence reaction is disclosed for the first time.


Starch was the primary sizing agent for textiles at one time, and it is still used extensively either alone or in blends with other sizing agents. Starch occurs widely in plants, but it is found in the purest form in seeds (such as in wheat, corn, rice, and sorghum), in roots and tubers (such as in potato, tapioca, and arrowroot), or in the stem pith of plants. All starches have some unfavorable properties in terms of availability, extraction, energy use and agricultural activity while mixing one starch with another for optimization. In this study, starch is extracted from the root of the cassava plant using a simple and cost-effective method. Also, by taking 20.5Ne open end cotton yarn, yarn properties (strength, elongation and abrasion resistance) tests are carried out before sizing. After sizing of 20.5Ne open end cotton yarn with 100% cassava,100% maize,100% inset and 100% PVA separately, the main sizing effects are tested in terms of strength, elongation and abrasion resistance on sized yarn, and the performance of sizing materials are compared with each other. Data is then analyzed statically by calculating mean, variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of sized yarn properties. Optimization is also carried out using big-m method of minimizing cost with maize, cassava and inset; the optimized result is 67.33% cassava starch, 32.67% maize starch and zero inset starch. Again, sizing is done for optimal results and the properties of sized yarn are evaluated with optimized results. The optimal value can reduce the cost of raw material and improve the performance of sized yarn. Finally, desizing is approved using enzymatic desizing to check whether the starch is removable or not.


The muskox ( Ovibos moschatus ) is widely distributed over much of arctic Canada but only at a few locations do their densities remain high and populations relatively stable. These refugia constitute the most favourable muskox ranges in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago .... Refugia for muskoxen in the High Arctic include lowlands on eastern Axel Heiberg Island in the Mokka Fiord region, the lowlands of northeastern Devon Island, and the Bailey Point region of Melville Island .... All of those regions historically have supported high densities of muskoxen from time to time but the Bailey Point region must be considered the best habitat for muskoxen in the Canadian High Arctic. ...


Since July 2008, children and adults 1–45 years, diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in Denmark have been treated according to the common Nordic Society for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology ALL2008 protocol. To explore whether this strategy will improve survival compared with historical controls, we performed a retrospective national population‐based study of adult ALL between 1998 and 2008. Patients were identified through the Danish Patobank and the Danish Cancer Registry; data was collected from patient files, and included 277 patients (median age, 47 years, range 15–91 years). The 5‐year projected event‐free survival (pEFS5y) and overall survival (pOS5y) for the whole cohort was 27·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 22·4–33·6] and 34·1% (95% CI 28·7–40·4), respectively. No patient above 65 years survived beyond 5 years from diagnosis. For patients receiving curatively intended treatment, the pEFS5y and pOS5y were 36·6% and 44·1%, respectively, with a significantly higher pOS5y for patients 15–35 years compared with patients 36–65 years (50·7% vs. 38·9%, P = 0·006). Cox multiple regression analysis identified age (Hazard Ratio = 1·7, P < 0·006) as a statistically significant predictor of EFS. The cure rates, not least for the elderly, are unacceptably low, and call for new strategies in the treatment of adult ALL in all age groups.


Summary Thin undeformed tholeiitic plateau lavas and associated diabase dikes occur intermittently along the western margin of the Appalachian mountain system, and are clearly exposed at its northern extremity in northwestern Newfoundland. In Newfoundland there are consistent chemical differences between the diabase dikes and the plateau lavas which indicate that they were derived from different primary magmas. These differences, along with apparent age discrepancies, could be taken as supporting suggestions of several periods of continental rifting, but such an interpretation is not favoured by the present author.


Multidrug‐resistant organisms have caused a marked depletion of effective antimicrobials, and the narrow pipeline of antibiotics has demanded the need to find novel therapeutic alternatives including nonantibiotic agents. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that use the bacterial machinery to infect, replicate, and kill bacterial cells. Although a marked decline in their use was driven by the discovery of antibiotics, the era of antibiotic resistance has led to a resurgence of phage therapy into clinical practice. The term phage‐antibiotic synergy (PAS) was coined just over a decade ago and described that sublethal concentrations of antibiotics could stimulate phage production by bacterial cells. Recent literature has described PAS and other encouraging interactions with various phage and antibiotic combinations against a variety of bacterial strains. The primary objective of this review is to discuss the positive interactions between phage and antibiotic combinations, with an emphasis on PAS, reductions in bacterial growth or minimum inhibitory concentrations, enhanced biofilm eradication, and alterations in the emergence of bacterial resistance. A peer‐reviewed literature search was conducted (1890–2019) using the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. Although more investigation is certainly needed, the combination of bacteriophages with antibiotics is a promising strategy to target organisms with limited or no therapeutic options. This approach may also foster the ability to lower the antibiotic dose and may reduce the potential for antibiotic resistance emergence during therapy.


Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to focus on personal and social background factors as potential channels for the transmission of work related attitudes in young adults. The paper aims to examine the extent to which gender, parental job type, job status, and education, as well as school experience, influence the development of attitudes towards work and family life.Design/methodology/approach – The study comprised a quantitative (questionnaire based) survey with a sample of 782 final year undergraduate students attending various third level institutions in Ireland and the USA.Findings – The results indicated that individuals who had grown up in traditional mixed families had more positive attitudes towards balancing work and home roles than did those who had grown up in traditional single earner families. Father's educational level also emerged as a significant factor in the career‐family attitudes of the participants.Research limitations/implications – The results of this research indicate that youn...


SUMMARY Greater knowledge about the characteristics and nutritional quality of duck meat makes it possible to implement initiatives aimed at promoting higher per capita consumption. The objective of this review was to gather available information on the use of aquatic birds, with a focus on the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), in human food. The Muscovy duck can have a carcass yield of up to 74% and breast of up to 26%; its meat has excellent nutritional value due to its high protein content (18.6 to 20.8%), high polyunsaturated fatty acid content (20 to 40% of the total fatty acids) and low intramuscular fat content (2.7 to 8.2%). The global market for duck meat shows an upward trend in production and per capita consumption on the rise due to the great acceptance of the traditional consumer market for processed products based on duck meat.


New paradigms for distributed, cross-organizational collaborations are emerging, which e. g. enable open source projects or open innovation. When initiating such projects it can be challenging to choose an appropriate cross-organizational team. For this purpose IT support that uses existing human resource databases can be beneficial for accomplishing this task. We address this by designing a transparent and easy to use recommender that augments skill databases in order to facilitate project managers when composing teams. First we analyze which aspects are relevant for this task by interviewing experts. Then we operationalize these with the help of a meta model developed in our previous work. After that, we propose a concept for team recommendation that considers the above aspects and augments skill databases. Finally, we implement our approach and evaluate it by means of runtime performance.


Multi-resolution optical flow is the main trends of the current optical flow calculation. Wavelet transform and Gaussian filter are widely used to build multi-resolution structure of the image. In this paper, LK optical flow method mixed with pyramid was used to study the optical flow field. The different effects of wavelet transform and Gaussian filter in the flow distribution was also discussed. Experimental results show that the selected image decomposition method has a significant role in optical flow field calculation.


Research Assistants (RAs) are a crucial yet often under-recognised and under-supported group in the social sciences. These predominantly female staff members are involved in every facet of scholarly research, and undertake research functions ranging from basic tasks to highly skilled analysis, writing and project management functions. In the context of escalating Government pressure for Universities to improve efficiency, productivity and accountability in all areas, skilled RAs are increasingly essential to the achievement of research performance indicators. However, there is some evidence to suggest that through university casualisation and under-resourcing, RAs may often not be acknowledged or receive adequate professional development. This paper profiles Queensland University of Technology Faculty of Education RAs in terms of their skill sets, employment circumstances and educational backgrounds. While nearly all RAs in the study were female and employed on a casual basis, they were otherwise a heterogenous group, including some undergraduates with minimal research experience, and some highly experienced and well-qualified RAs with specialised research capabilities. This study identifies key opportunities for skills enhancement, research community involvement, and career advancement (including research-focussed academic pathways), and makes recommendations regarding RA development initiatives.


S years ago, while teaching a group of senior medical students about medication errors and adverse drug reactions, I asked, "Howdo you knowwhen a patient is experiencing an adverse reaction to a drug as opposed to manifesting pathophysiological signs and symptoms of their disease state?" Therewas abject silence in the room. Not one of the 8 to 10 students had any answer to offer. I was astonished. Unfortunately, the problem is even worse than I thought and far more pervasive than just one classroom, as evidenced by the following report. In the spring of 2000, a group of Washington, D.C., clinical pharmacologists surveyed 105 internal medicine clerkship program directors at U.S. schools of medicine. The survey inquired into the number of hours of formal instruction (i.e., lecture) students received in evaluating adverse drug events during their rotation in medicine and what effect the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) report on medical error had on the amount of time devoted to instruction in adverse drug reactions and interactions. Seventy-nine of the program directors (75%) responded. Only 16% of programs had formal lectures on adverse drug reactions and interactions. Of the program directors, 35% were unfamiliar with the IOM report. However, all is not lost: 65% of the program directors stated that they would devote an average of 1 to 2 hours (range: 1-10) to formal instruction in adverse drug events if educationalmoduleswere available. Amore recent report issued April 8, 2003, by the IOM, titled "Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality," concluded that health professionals are not being adequately prepared to provide the highest quality and safest medical care possible, and there is insufficient assessment of their ongoing proficiency. The report recommends that educators as well as accreditation, licensing, and certification organizations ensure that students and professionals receive more training in five core areas, including quality improvement and using information technology. Well, fellow clinical pharmacologists, I take great pleasure in sharing the proceedings of our 2001 Teaching Forum, "Minimizing Medication Errors: Practical Pointers for Prescribers," with you for your edification and enjoyment. This mini-symposium of threepapers identifies drugs at high risk formedication errors and system errors associatedwith their ordering, dispensing, and administration. The emphasis is to providepractical examples from themedical literature, reliable surveys, and case studies that can empower health care professionals with the knowledge to improve the quality of their pharmacotherapy and acquaint them with advances in information technology such as computerized physician order entry (CPOE), electronic medical records, and bar coding (of patients anddrugs),whichcanhelppreventmedicationerrors. This symposium provides a very special look at adverse drug reactions and medication errors because it describes the experiences of the insurance industry (PHICO data), presents the United States Pharmacopeia's (USP's) MEDMARX reporting system, summarizes the literature, andpresents actual case studies and descriptive statistics that can be used when teaching about adverse drug reactions and reducing medication errors. The same five basicmedication errorswe recognized decades ago are still occurring: wrong drug, wrong dose, wrong route, wrong time, and wrong patient. Practitioners are still unfamiliar with many adverse effects and drug interactions of the drugs they prescribe, and critical information about their patients is frequently unavailable at the time of prescribing new medications. Moreover, in editing these three papers, I was struck by the consistency of the findings expressed therein. Similar classes of medications and errors were identified by all authors. Antibiotics are still being given to patients with a history of allergy to them; narcotics are still being prescribed with too many antihistamines such as promethazine, diphenhydramine, and hydroxyzine; follow-up monitoring can be done far better, both in the hospital and outpatient setting; and oral and written communication skills can be greatly improved among health care professionals, especially physicianordering. Therefore, using these threepapers as a guide, educators can apply the principles of clinical pharmacology to patient care and provide a risk management approach to recognizing adverse drug reactions, reducingmedication errors, and improvingpatient safety. SYMPOSIUM


In housing construction in our country,the brick structure is ocupied a large proportion but tensile,bending and shear strength is low,and when meets earthquake load is easy to lead brittle destruction.The one of the measures for shockproof is using brick wall reinforced with steel-mesh cement mortar.Combined with years of work experience,first of all,analyses the problems in aseismic strengthening of brick wall with steel-meshed cement mortar and then analyzes the countermeasures which have certan reference role.


Women in South Africa are living a wide diversity of lives. Some women's lives are determined by economic and social dictates and necessities; others are leveraging economic and social opportunities that are opening up in a democratic environment. Many women choose to be mothers; others do not. Many women choose mixed sex partnerships; others find their place in same sex relationships. Many are exposed and vulnerable to disease and violence; others are more protected in their personal and social environments. An equitable health system should be in a position to provide services to all, taking not only their economic means into account, but also the wide variety of sexual reproductive health needs that exist in our country.


The dynamics and stability of a vortex in a linearly stratified fluid is studied experimentally and theoretically when the axis of the vortex is slightly inclined with respect to the direction of stratification. For Froude numbers larger than one, the tilt of the axis induces strong density gradients and an intense axial flow in a rim around the vortex, at the radius where the angular velocity of the vortex is equal to the Brunt-Vaisala frequency. This critical layer can be studied theoretically in the viscous regime, which shows that the axial flow changes from a jet to a shear layer when turning around the vortex, in excellent agreement with the PIV measurements. For high Reynolds numbers, this axial flow creates a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and a jet instability, leading to secondary vortices rolled-up around the primary vortex. The growth rates of these instabilities have been measured and compared to predictions from a linear stability analysis. These three-dimensional instabilities of the tilted vortex does not lead to the destruction of the vortex, but it decreases its core size if the Froude number is larger but close to one.


Aspiring school leaders must be equipped with skill sets to facilitate the critical examination of district policies that reproduce inequities. Policies such as school choice, which have racial and socioeconomic implications for educational opportunity, require leaders to operate from a social justice identity while seeking to enhance their sense of efficacy in antiracist leadership behaviors. In this study, we examined how graduate students in a leadership preparation program developed their racially aware identities while professionally embedded in a district that utilizes school choice policies and practices. Our findings illustrate the intentional work necessary to develop school leaders with antiracist identities.


A new type intelligent measuring system for measuring water content based on Bluetooth technique and capacitance sensor is proposed. Bluetooth technique,C/U convert circuit,U/f convert circuit and temperature compensating design are used. C/U convert circuit consists of sine signal generation circuit,buffer circuit and convert circuit.The parts selected is exact and works steadily.The experimental results show that the system can display precisely with linearity scale in the full scale(0%~100%).


We are very appreciative to the many research assistants who worked on this project. Our historical mapping RA Jordan Hale did stupendous work digitizing streetcar maps. At the Federal Reserve Board, Jeff Groesbeck, Gage Love, and Jessica Zehel all worked on the digitization of 1930s major roads, Jessica Hayes helped with the historical census data, and Jack Popper collected transit ridership. Jessica Zehel had a particularly clever idea for displaying density for which we are very appreciative. Lena Yemelyanov and Dharani Ranganathan both did yeoman's work in the digitization of the 1922 zoning map. We are grateful to librarians and staff at the LA City Public Library, the Dorothy Peyton Gray Transportation Library, the Huntington Library, and the City of Los Angeles Department of Planning for the historical sources on which our work is based. Federal Reserve Board RAs Paul Eliason, Waldo Ojeda, Shoshana Schwartz and Jessica Zehel, and University of Toronto RAs Rita Barua, Liz Kagedan, Tatyana Leykekhman, Erin Mitchell, and Evgueni Sapojnikov all labored over our codification of zoning. Their work was made possible in part by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, to which we are very grateful. Finally, we thank numerous conference participants, including Gabriel Ahlfeldt, Stephen Redding, Albert Saiz, Jon Sonstelie, Daniel Strum, Coretin Trevien and seminar participants at the University of Illinois and the Barcelona Institute of Economics Urban Economics conference for useful suggestions.


This study was implemented to determine benefit distribution from the value chain and analyze Jakarta's local beef market's price determination processes. The research method was a survey, and a purposive sampling technique was used to select key informants. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data supplemented with focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative statistics. The descriptive statistics revealed a market structure based on the elements to have many consumers and suppliers with ex-imported cattle (98 percent) and local cattle from East Nusa Tenggara and East Java (2 percent) fulfilled the demand in a year. Middlemen in the supply chain have more significant benefits than producers (feedlots and farmers) and consumers. The implication of the study is developing a business model for modern retail or butchering-based meat shops that increases the added value of local meat and benchmarking of a long beef chain efficiency at post-cutting (downstream). The development of a modern retail business model is expected to drive the shifting system sales of beef from a commodity to a product basis.


The article covers the continuous pedagogical education problem in educational innovation cluster context. The timelines of the top, social and pedagogical significance of research stem from Russian education policy priorities highlight objective indicators and competitive results as the most important ones. The commissioning of social services and contemporary challenges trigger a search for new solutions and opportunities for teacher training by higher educational institutions. However, there is still a wide range of recurring problems slowing down professional teacher training in higher education institutions. Teacher training involves new guidance and management system due to which the university transforms the structure of a continuous pedagogical education offering a staged system: the stage of developing schoolchildren's motivation by guidance counselor, ongoing teaching internship in the university, post-graduate multi-faceted young teacher's guidance. Within the guidance and counseling system pedagogy-oriented learning (pedagogy class) being supportive environment for schoolchildren serves as motivation for GGTU prospective students' choosing a teaching career. Professional training of new schoolteachers requires a new approach to management and content of internship. Innovative competence based model of ongoing internship at GGTU has a module structure and creates a new cooperation format between educational institutions within the integrative environment framework. "Professional Pedagogical Navigator" project and the Programme of Young Teachers Guidance is a realization of the post-degree guidance policy. The new educational model of life-long pedagogical education of the university is implemented in education innovation cluster context and aims at proactive teacher training in modern education. formation for interaction between subjects of education; optimization of approaches to the organization and content of lifelong pedagogical practice; designing the competence model of the future teacher being ready to implement educational programmes. The organization and content of the competence-oriented model of lifelong pedagogical practice in the conditions of network interaction in the system of integrated practices


OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of antibiotics for prophylactic use on 3 kinds of clean surgery in our hospital.METHODS:726 patients underwent hernia,mammary gland and thyroid gland clean surgery in our hospital during 2009-2011 were enrolled and received baseline investigation in 2009;training for reasonable use of antibiotics was carried out among medical personnel who were responsible for 3 kind of clean surgery in 2010 regularly,and prophylactic medication of 3 kinds of clean surgery without high-risk factor were studied retrospectively simultaneously;comprehensive intervention was conducted in 2011 through technical intervention combined with administrative intervention;irrational drug use and AUD of antibiotics were compared among 3 kinds of clean surgery during 2009-2011.RESULTS:After education and training for physicians and comprehensive intervention,unreasonable prophylactic drug use,utilization ratio of antibiotics,prophylactic medication time,amount of antibiotics reduced year by year(P0.01),but the effect of comprehensive intervention was better than education and training alone and before intervention(P0.01).CONCLUSION:The incidence of irrational prophylactic drug use in 3 kind of clean surgery is reduced significantly through positive comprehensive intervention,and AUD of antibiotics is also decreased so as to slow down the increase of drug resistance rate.Moreover,the effect of comprehensive intervention is better than that of education and training alone.


The Department of Health is currently discussing the implementation of clinical supervision for nurses and health visitors (Butterworth and Faugier, 1994). The intention is that, as a result of clinical supervision and peer review, nurses and health visitors will be able to develop their practice through reflection. This new process will not be enshrined in legislation, unlike our own supervisory process.


Short message service (SMS) has become a very popular medium for communication due to its convenience and low cost. SMS text messaging makes it easy to provide a false name, age, gender, and location in order to hide one's true identity. Consequently it has become important to establish new cyber forensics methods, such as detecting SMS message authors, as a post-hoc analysis technique deemed useful in criminal persecution cases. In this paper, we propose a new combined method for authorship classification of gender of SMS text messages, which combines machine learning algorithms with text processing features to increase the prediction accuracy of the author gender classification. We were able to achieve 72.39 accuracy level with J48 classification algorithm supported by text processing.


The essence of stock index futures is that through the trading of investors who have the different judgment of the trend of stock market to offset their risks of spot market.The optimal hedge ratio of Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 stock index futures on the spot Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 index is calculated by establishing BGARCH model and analysis the effect of hedging in order to exam the effectiveness of setting Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 stock index as the underlying assets of the first stock index futures contract in our country.


NASA scientists first conceived of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package (ALSEP) in 1963, a suite of experiments that promised maximum scientific return for minimum weight and complexity.


ABSTRACT In the first and second seasons, growth and yield of tomato were also influenced by different vermicompost (VC) rates and reused VC. Obviously, increasing VC proportion led to the augmentation of electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in planting media in both seasons. However, in the first season, the nutrient absorbent ability of tomato was remarkably higher compared to those in the second season due to higher available nutrient in the media of the first season. This may influence the shoot dry weight as well as the yield of tomato in both seasons. In T4 treatment, the yield attained the highest value in the first season for both varieties with the values of 562.3 and 812.4 g/plant for small honey (V1) and graces (V2), respectively. In the second season, the N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in media significantly decreased compared to those in the first season (496.4 g/plant-V1 and 508.3 g/plant-V2). In comparison, the yields in the first season were higher those in second season by 13.2% and 59.8% for V1 and V2, respectively. However, in the second season, the maximum yield found in T5 (508.3 g/plant-V1 and 682.2 g/plant-V2) and declining by 10.6 and 19.1% compared to those in the first season for V1 and V2, respectively. This can be explained that amounts of nutrients from the media in the first season had supported the growth and development of tomato, resulting deficiency of nutrients in the media for the second season.


After outlining a brief historical context of the Aragonese widow's dower, in which the origins and the aim of this legal life estate, its peculiar familial idio-


The invention provides a visual sensor, an image processing method and device and a visual interactive device. The visual sensor comprises an optical lens, an image acquisition chip and a microcontroller; the image acquisition chip has a resolution ratio not higher than a first threshold; the image acquisition chip is used for acquiring an optical image, formed by the optical lens, of an object, outputting a low-resolution image having a resolution ratio not higher than the first threshold and transmitting the low-resolution image to the microcontroller; the microcontroller analyzes the low-resolution image to acquire recognition information and transmitting the recognition information to an external element so that the external element triggers an external response. The visual sensor can recognize the low-resolution image by acquiring the same; the low-resolution image requires few storage resources and computing resources, and production cost of the visual sensor is effectively lowered.


Summary Preliminary treatment with a material derived from a uterine adenocarcinoma of the rabbit failed to render rabbits more susceptible to the subsequent transplantation of the Brown-Pearce tumor, and likewise failed to enhance its growth and spread. These results are in contrast to the marked enhancement in the incidence, growth and spread which constantly ensues when rabbits are treated with a material from the Brown-Pearce tumor 2 weeks before transplantation of that tumor.


Bacteria are again under the microscope. This time some of the billion‐dollar questions are whether any of these organisms are capable of dwelling in the hot, briny, anaerobic environs of the earth. And then, can they ingest and mobilize oil from the reservoir rock to the well, produce polymers, CO2 or solvents in situ, selectively plug high permeability zones, remove sulfur compounds downhole, release energy fluids from shale and tar sands, and other feats? A new breed of scientists is trying to find out.


This literature review presents the current state of research on structured on-the-job training (S-OJT) and proposes a research agenda for future research activities on this form of workplace learning. In the past three decades, S-OJT has emerged as an integral part of human resource development practice. The literature review seeks to identify the nature of S-OJT as it is described in the literature, categorize the existing research and practices of S-OJT, provide overview of three dimensions (audience, location, and conclusion) of each study involving S-OJT, and develop a conceptual framework for conducting research on S-OJT. Online databases including Business Source Premier & Complete, Academic Source Premier, Scopus, Primo Articles, JSTOR, and ERIC were used for the reviews. The results of this literature review provide a theoretical framework for understanding S-OJT as a means to promote future research and theory building.


We study spatially indirect excitons confined in a symmetric GaAs double quantum well. We show that the spin polarisation of very dilute gases can be optically imprinted, in both pure and superposition states. In the regime where indirect excitons can be localized, we observe at 350 mK that the excitons spin degree of freedom is frozen with a relaxation time comparable to the coherence time and to the radiative lifetime .


Three novel organic−inorganic hybrid monovacant Keggin-type silicotungstates and germanotungstates containing lanthanideIII cations with 1D and 2D infinitely extended structures, [Sm(H2O)6]0.25[Sm(H2O)5]0.25H0.5{Sm(H2O)7[Sm(H2O)2(DMSO)(α-SiW11O39)]}·4.5H2O (DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide) (1), [Dy(H2O)4]0.25[Dy(H2O)6]0.25H0.5{Dy(H2O)7[Dy(H2O)2(DMSO)(α-GeW11O39)]}·5.25H2O (2), and H{[Sm(H2O)5.5(DMF)0.5]2[Sm(H2O)2(DMF)][Sm(H2O)3(α-SiW11O39)]2} (DMF = N,N-dimethyl formamide) (3), have been synthesized in aqueous solution under moderate conditions and further characterized by elemental analyses, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses, IR, UV spectra, and X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 reveal the one-dimensional chain infinitely extended structure, while compound 3 represents the first example of a two-dimensional network structure formed by the monovacant Keggin-type [α-SiW11O39]8- chain through the linkage of rare earth metal−organic coordination cations. From thermogravimetric (TG/DTA) analyses, the pol...


The purpose of this research is to evaluate the capacity of strength and plastic deformation of those members, and provide experimental data on the seismic behavior of these members as a basis for developing guidelines for designing seismically resistant concrete-filled steel tubular columns. Eighteen cantilever-type specimens were tested under constant axial load and cyclically lateral load as models of bottom columns in high-rise building. The parameters studied in the test program included, are width-thickness ratio of steel tube, slenderness ratio (Lo/D) and axial force ratio. From the test results, the effects of parameters on the strength, the deformation capacity, energy absorption capacity are discussed. The specimen flexural capacity under combined axial and lateral loading was found to be almost accurately predicted by criteria AIJ and AISC-LRFD providing conservative results. Therefore KSSC for encased composite column can be applied to the concrete filled column if composite section and elastic modulus are modified according to AIJ and AISC-LRFD. Finally, the proposed flexural capacity considering confinement effects is a food agreement on the tests results.


Globalization enabled Malaysia to record rates of growth of around 8 percent between 1987 and 1996, but it also precipitated the Asian crisis of 1997–"8. As a result, Malaysians are ambivalent to the extent to which the economy should be opened up to the forces of globalization. This ambivalence was evident in the policies to counter the crisis proposed first by Finance Minister Anwar Ibrahim, a liberal reformer, and then by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, an economic nationalist. Malaysian attitudes toward the two policies were further confused by the political rivalry between Anwar and Mahathir. Malaysia's attempt to manage globalization has also been evident in its regional economic policies.


We prove small data energy estimates of all orders of differentiability between past null infinity and future null infinity of de Sitter space for the conformally invariant Maxwell-scalar field system. Using these, we construct bounded and invertible, but nonlinear, scattering operators taking past asymptotic data to future asymptotic data. We deduce exponential decay rates for solutions with data having at least two derivatives, and for more regular solutions discover an asymptotic decoupling of the scalar field from the charge. The construction involves a carefully chosen complete gauge fixing condition which allows us to control all components of the Maxwell potential, and a nonlinear Grönwall inequality for higher-order estimates.


Objective Evaluating safety, feasibility and effects on physiological parameters of skin-to-skin contact (SSC) from birth between mothers and very preterm infants in a high-income setting. Design Open-label randomised controlled trial. Setting Three Norwegian neonatal units. Patients Preterm infants at gestational age (GA) 280–316 weeks and birth weight >1000g delivered vaginally or by caesarean section (C-section). Intervention Two hours of early SSC between the mother and the infant compared to standard care (SC) where the infant is separated from the mother and transferred to the neonatal unit in an incubator. Results 108 infants (63% male, 57% C-section, mean (SD) GA 30.3 weeks (1.3) and birth weight 1437 g (260)) were included. Median (IQR) age at randomisation was 23 min (17–30). During the first 2 hours after randomisation, 4% (2 of 51) and 7% (4 of 57) were hypothermic (<36.0°C) in the SSC and SC group, respectively (p=0.68, OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.1 to 3.1). Significantly fewer infants in the SSC group had hyperthermia (>37.5°C) (26% (13 of 57) vs 47% (27 of 51), respectively, p=0.02, OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.9). No infant needed mechanical ventilation within the first 2 hours. Median (IQR) duration of SSC was 120 (80–120) min in the intervention group. There was no difference in heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation between groups during the first 24 hours. Conclusion This study from a high-income setting confirmed that SSC from birth for very preterm infants was safe and feasible. Physiological parameters were not affected by the intervention. The long-term effects on neurodevelopment, maternal–infant bonding and maternal mental health will be collected. Trial registration number NCT02024854.


Hidden Markov fields (HMF) models are widely applied to various problems arising in image processing. In these models, the hidden process of interest X is a Markov field and must be estimated from ...


Abstract Establishing a representative monitoring location of soil water content is important for agricultural water management. One of the challenges is to develop a field protocol for determining such a location with minimum costs. In this paper, we use the concept of time stability in soil water content to examine whether using a short term monitoring period is sufficient to identify a representative site of soil water content and, therefore, irrigation scheduling. Surface moisture-density gauge was used as a means for measuring soil water content. Variations of soil water content in space and time were studied using geostatistical tools. Measuring soil water content was made at 30 locations as nodes of a 6×8 m grid, six times during the growing season. A representative location for average soil water content estimation was allocated at the beginning of a season, and thereafter it was validated. Results indicated that the spatial pattern of soil water content was strongly temporally stable, explained by the relationship between soil water content and fine soil texture. Two field surveys of soil water content, conducted before and after the 1st irrigation, could be sufficient to allocate a representative location of soil water content, and for adequate irrigation scheduling of the whole field. Surface moisture-density gauge was found to be efficient for characterising time stability of soil water content under irrigated field conditions.


D. Kalok, A.Bilusic, 2 T. I. Baturina, 4 V.M. Vinokur, and C. Strunk Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93025 Regensburg, Germany Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, HR-21000 Split, Croatia Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 13 Lavrentjev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA (Dated: April 30, 2010)


Australia has a large intake of migrants and refugees each year and the relocation process can be distressing. Training in Internet literacy can improve employment opportunities and communication1,2 but its use as a health promotion strategy for this group is unexplored. We report a pilot program exploring teaching Internet literacy as a strategy for enhancing the health and well-being of newly arrived refugees and migrants.


Uniform dipole magnetic fields from 1.9 to 22.4 kOe were permanently trapped, with high fidelity to the original field, transversely to the axes of hollow Nb3Sn superconducting cylinders. These cylinders were constructed by helically wrapping multiple layers of superconducting ribbon around a mandrel. This is the highest field yet trapped, the first time trapping has been reported in such helically wound taped cylinders, and the first time the maximum trappable field has been experimentally determined as a function of cylinder wall thickness.


The semester system has been introduced recently in the graduate courses in the Universities of Assam. This new system is highly appreciated by the intellectual fraction of the society. This Paper is an attempt to study the positive as well as negative aspects of the system. However, the method is purely qualitative and thus the paper is based on library work


RF microsystems are the development trend of the miniaturization of electronic devices in the future. As an important means to realize the efficient development of RF microsystems, high precision simulation technology is currently receiving extensive attention. Aiming at the RF microsystem in the Ku frequency band, this paper adopts the hardware-in-the-loop simulation method combining three-dimensional electromagnetic field modeling technology and MMICs cascaded circuit parameter extraction technology to realize the research and verification of the simulation method of the RF microsystem. After physical verification and testing, the simulation results are highly consistent with the test results. In the 6 ∼ 18 GHz frequency band, the simulation accuracy is better than 90%, which can meet the application requirements of high precision simulation of RF microsystems.


This article describes an activity carried out with students carrer in Mathematics
Teaching; in the National University of La Pampa (Argentina). It presented a problem
to these students, with the intention to analise the mathematical exploration
production contained in his resolution, trying to identify different levels and different
times in the evolution of algebraic characteristics inherent in the question worked.


The traditional duties of domesticity continue to be associated with the married women irrespective of their increasing contribution in the nontraditional gender activities such as income earning, causing them to bear a dual burden. In dual career families, both spouses are engaged in wage employment, outside their homes. Multiple gender role reconciliation is negatively affected by the situation and it disturbs the wellbeing of the individual, family, society and the work organizations. The paper analyses 'how equitably dual career couples, who are employed in the well remunerated formal sector, reconcile multiple gender roles. The paper argues the existence of a greater inequality in gender responsibility, irrespective of the economic prosperity in the community. Women's ability to invest time in self and career development has been significantly constrained and their subordination at home and at the employment is being perpetuated by the existing situation. Furthermore, the paper argues that gender equality is a critical factor that will energize social responsibility. Keywords: Gender, Dual Career Family, Work Family Balance For full Paper: email@example.com


Recent exoplanet statistics indicate that photo-evaporation has a great impact on the mass and bulk composition of close-in low-mass planets. While there are many studies addressing photo-evaporation of hydrogen- or water-rich atmospheres, no detailed investigation regarding rocky vapour atmospheres (or mineral atmospheres) has been conducted. Here, we develop a new 1D hydrodynamic model of the ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated mineral atmosphere composed of Na, Mg, O, Si, their ions and electrons, including molecular diffusion, thermal conduction, photo-/thermochemistry, X–ray and UV heating, and radiative line cooling (i.e. the effects of the optical thickness and non-local thermal equilibrium). The focus of this paper is on describing our methodology but presents some new findings. Our hydrodynamic simulations demonstrate that almost all of the incident X-ray and UV energy from the host star is converted into and lost by the radiative emission of the coolant gas species such as Na, Mg, Mg+, Si2+, Na3+, and Si3+. For an Earth-size planet orbiting 0.02 au around a young solar-type star, we find that the X-ray and UV heating efficiency is as small as 1 × 10−3, which corresponds to 0.3 M⊕ Gyr−1 of the mass-loss rate simply integrated over all the directions. Because of such efficient cooling, the photo-evaporation of the mineral atmosphere on hot rocky exoplanets with masses of 1 M⊕ is not massive enough to exert a great influence on the planetary mass and bulk composition. This suggests that close-in high-density exoplanets with sizes larger than the Earth radius survive in the high-UV environments.


Abstract Interviews and observations, whether conducted in professional offices or participant homes, have limitations in generating data useful in custody evaluations. Data-based tests that measure children's "unconscious" (whole-organism, gut-level) perceptions of each parent can circumvent many of these obstacles.


Temporal attention is a cognitive mechanism that allows individuals to prepare to respond to ananticipated event. Lawrence and Klein (2013) distinguished two forms of temporal attention: oneelicited by purely endogenous alerting mechanisms, and one elicited through exogenous alertingmechanisms. Recently, McCormick et al. displayed that these mechanisms generate additiveeffects on reaction time, however more informative speed and accuracy comparisons were notpossible due to them being measured during a detection task. The current pair of experimentslooks to compare these two forms of temporal attention in a discrimination task while measuringboth speed and accuracy, by inducing methodological modifications that lower task demand.These manipulations were successful, as temporal cueing effects were observed for both thecombined form and the less-studied purely endogenous form. However, speed-accuracyperformance for these two forms of temporal attention did not align with our predictions basedon Lawrence and Klein (2013), leading us to speculate on the generalizability of their results.


We report a second example of critical behavior in gravitational collapse. Collapse of axisymmetric gravitational wave packets is computed numerically for a one-parameter family of initial data. A black hole first appears along the sequence at a critical parameter value p * . As with spherical scalar-field collapse, a power law is found to relate black-hole mass (the order parameter) and critical separation: M BH ∞|p-p * | β . The critical exponent is β≃0.37, remarkably close to that observed by Choptuik. Near-critical evolutions produce echoes from the strong-field region which appear to exhibit scaling


The American Council of Learned Societies, through its Committee on the language Program, is directly or indirectly responsible for encouraging, planning, and directing many of the projects in which American linguists are currently engaged. The members of this Committee are appointed by the Board of Directors of the ACLS; at present they are Norman A. McQuown (Chicago, Chairman), John B. Carroll (Harvard, Secretary), Bernard Bloch (Yale), Stephen Freeman (Middlebury), Archibald A. Hill (Virginia), Martin Joos (Wisconsin), Albert H Marckwardt (Michigan), and Henry Lee Smith, Jr. (U. S. Department of State), with Mortimer Graves as ACLS liaison officer and John Kepke as business manager. The following statement sets forth the Committee's view of the situation in which it works and of its own specific duties.


The invention discloses an axial magnetic flux switching permanent magnet motor fault tolerance control method. The method is characterized by detecting an actual current of each phase winding of an axial magnetic flux switching permanent magnet motor, determining whether each phase winding has a fault, during normal operation, using an AFFSPM motor vector control system with id=0 so that a stator current and a rotor magnetic field are mutually independent; when there is an open circuit fault, according to a fault switch state, adjusting other normal winding currents under a corresponding fault state; when there is a short circuit fault and a current exceeds a limited current, a short circuit fault phase is disconnected and using a fault tolerance control strategy under an open circuit fault state. In the invention, aiming at a structure characteristic of a motor itself, torque output performance of the motor before and after the different open circuit faults is not changed; a guarantee is provided for fault tolerance operation; and an axial magnetic-field magnetic flux switching motor possesses high reliability and high power density.


This letter is about a recent publication in the Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal titled: "The significance of uvula after palatoplasty: A new technique to improve the aesthetic outcome" published by Elsherbiny et al (Cleft Palate Craniofacial J 2018;55(3):451-455). The authors present the use of one hemi-uvula for uvular repair during primary palatoplasty as their "new technique." The method of primary uvuloplasty using one-hemiuvula was extensively used by different surgeons in south America and presented and published in different scientific meetings and indexed scientific journals since the 90s. The original concept was described by Carlos Navarro in Perú and published by me in different scientific indexed journals and a textbook.


Despite considerable literature documenting associations between relationship functioning and depressive symptoms, there has been relatively little direct examination of this association among African American couples. Likewise, little research has investigated factors that may exacerbate this association. The current study addressed this gap by investigating longitudinal associations between relationship functioning and depressive symptoms among 344 rural African American couples and by examining whether experiences of childhood maltreatment (i.e., childhood physical neglect and childhood physical abuse) amplify this association. Results indicated relationship functioning and depressive symptoms were negatively associated, initially and over time, for both men and women. Additionally, childhood maltreatment moderated several of these associations, such that associations between relationship functioning and depressive symptoms were generally strongest for those reporting greater levels of childhood maltreatment. This pattern of results suggests that experiences of childhood maltreatment may amplify negative associations between adult relationship functioning and depressive symptoms among African American couples, providing further evidence that adverse family-of-origin experiences can contribute to negative consequences later in the life course.


In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. "As I pushed my cart into checkout 4, I realized I had forgotten to pick up my wife's Diet Pepsi. I almost said 'the hell with it,' but then a picture of her realizing I had forgotten it flashed before my eyes."


The introduction of new products to US supermarket chains represents a strategic area of business conduct with significant economic implications for agribusiness companies, food manufacturers and retailers, and consumers. Development of new products by manufacturers and their subsequent evaluation by retailers absorbs enormous resources in the grocery distribution system. This research examined new product buying practices in the top 200 US supermarket chains. Typical findings show the reasons that nearly 70% of all newly introduced products are rejected by buyers and never make it to store shelves and approximately one-half of newly accepted products are removed from stores within 1 year. This study demonstrates that a food or agribusiness firm must first understand the standard procedures, wants and needs, of the key "gatekeeper" buyer before focusing on the final consumer. ©1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


More and more underground structures crossing each other appeared with the rapid development of rail transport in China.Enough attention should be paid to the seismic performance of the crossing underground structures and the mutual influence between each other.Two crossing subway stations,being planned,are considered in the paper.Several calculation models are established for each case,and the seismic responses are computed and the mutual influences are analyzed.The computation results showed that: the crossing subway stations can satisfy the seismic requirement.The relative deformation of shallow subway station is bigger than that of the deeper one.The moment of bottom slab of the deeper subway station is bigger because of bigger depth,while the moment at column end is smaller because of smaller relative displacement.The existence of deeper subway station has some isolation effect to the shallow one.The research results in the paper can provide some reference for the seismic design of crossing underground structures.


In this study, the powder mixture which consists of Cu-Fe-Co was produced by using the method of hot pressing technique. In addition, effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of this alloy was investigated. Following the hot pressing process applied on the samples, heat treatment was carried out at 950°C for two different dwelling times (90 and 180 minutes). Measured density values were considered as physical characteristics, while hardness and fracture strength values were considered as mechanical characteristics. It was observed that porosity rates of hot pressed samples were decreased by increasing of temperature and pressing parameters. In this study it was observed that Cu was spread in matrix and filled the micro porosities. Hardness values were determined to be decreased as a result of grain growth after heat treatment process. That 4 fold increased elongation % values which were achieved by TRS experiments were observed as well.


Rheumatic diseases have significant adverse impact on the individual from physical, mental and social aspects, resulting in a low estimation of health-related quality of life (HRQL). Patients with ...


Objective To investigate the changes of the autonomic nervous system during CO2 insufflation in patients with hypertension undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods Twenty five patients with hypertension(group Ⅰ)and twenty five patients without hypertension(group Ⅱ)scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery were selected.Heart rate variability(HRV)was assessed before anesthesia operation,at 15 min after tracheal intubation and after CO2 insufflation using heart rate power spectrum analysis(HRPSA).Results 15 min after tracheal intubation,LF,LF/HF,TP and HF decreased significantly in group Ⅰ,and LF,LF/HF and TP decreased significantly in group Ⅱ.After CO2 insufflation,LF,LF/HF,TP and HF increased significantly in both groups.During 15 min after tracheal intubation and after CO2 insufflation HF and TP in group Ⅰ was lower than those in group Ⅱ significantly,but LF did not change markedly in both groups.Conclusion Parasympathetic nervous activity and total power of autonomic nervous system are decreased significantly during 15 min after tracheal intubation and after CO2 insufflation in patients with hypertension compared with those in patients without hypertension,indicating that the effect of parasympathetic nervous activity on the sinoatrial node is impaired.