From the analysis of the Urbach tail in CuInSe2 and CuInTe2, it is found that the energy hnp involved in the electron–exciton-phonon interaction is not that of the ordered compound longitudinal or transverse optical modes. It is established that this energy depends on the structural and cations disorders. An expression of the form EU(T ,P ,N)5KQ/s0$(11P)/21N@exp(Q/T)21# %, where P and N are adjustable structural and orderdisorder parameters and Q the Einstein characteristic temperature, accurately explains the temperature dependence of the Urbach energy. From extrapolation of the linear variation of N and P with hnp , the phonon energy for a completely ordered and disordered systems can be estimated. We discuss the physical meaning of the parameter N as due to the contribution of localized modes produced by substitutional disorder of low energy of formation. We find an intriguing relation between the temperature of the chalcopyrite-sphalerite transition and the phonons contributing to the formation of Urbach tails in the strong-disorder limit.


The paper is focused on the analysis of the impact of the potential transfer of the certain labour intensive services (restaurant and catering services, hairdressing services, minor repairing of shoes and leather goods and minor repairing of bicycles) from the standard to the reduced VAT rate on the behavior of these services suppliers in the current conditions of the Czech Republic. The data for the analysis were obtained by the questionnaire research. Analyzed are for example these relations: changes of VAT liability, trade margin, average price decrease, demand, location of the business, scope of the business, number of employees, use of potential free funds that could be created due to this possible legislative change. Following methods of the descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), chi-square test of independence were used. The data were mainly evaluated by the SPSS software.


Based on discrete element method, the authors model loading of a physical specimen to describe its capacity to accumulate and release elastic energy. The specimen is modeled as a packing of particles with viscoelastic coupling and friction. The external elastic boundary of the packing is represented by particles connected by elastic springs. The latter means introduction of an additional special potential of interaction between the boundary particles, that exercises effect even when there is no direct contact between the particles. On the whole, the model specimen represents an element of a medium capable of accumulation of deformation energy in the form of internal stresses. The data of the numerical modeling of the physical specimen compression and the laboratory testing results show good qualitative consistency.


The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for laying of cables of a wiring harness in the interior of a housing of a lighting device of a motor vehicle. In order to improve the laying and fixing of cables of a wiring harness in the interior of a headlight or lamp housing of a motor vehicle, it is proposed: - The cables to be laid are at least partially deployed outside the housing in at least one separate from the housing rigid cable channel; - the cable used are mounted in the at least one cable channel, and - the at least one cable duct is introduced with the cables extending therein as an assembly unit into the interior of the housing and fixed to the housing. Preferably, the shape of the cable channel is adjusted as a spatial structure of the contour of the housing.


Objective To evaluate the hydrophilicity and cellular compatibility of novel PLLA/lec-ithin composite materials in order to provide optimal scaffold materials for vascular tissue engineering (VTE).Methods The blend films of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) containing 0-15% lecithin (weight percent) were prepared by the solvent-casting technique. The hydrophilicity of different blend films was de-termined by measuring the static water contact angle. The cellular compatibility was studied by seeding rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the films of PLLA containing 0-15% lecithin. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using MTr and lactate dehydrogenase. Cell morphology was studied by propidium iodide staining and scanning electron microscopy. Results The hydrophilicity of PLLA was significantly increased with an increase of lecithin content in the blend films. 5% lecithin-containing PLLA films could possess higher adhesion and proliferation of MSCs, and didn' t demonstrate any significant toxic effects to cells. Conclusion The novel PLLA/lecithin composite materials have good hydrophilicity and cel-lular compatibility,which may be used as an optimal carrier matrix for bone marrow-derived MSCs in VTE.

Key words:
Mesenchymal stem cells;  Cytocompatibility;  Polylactic acid;  Lecithin;  Tissue engineering


The structure of a recombinant construct consisting of residues 1–245 of Escherichia coli Lon protease, the proto-typical member of the A-type Lon family, is reported. This construct encompasses all or most of the N-terminal domain of the enzyme. The structure was solved by SeMet SAD to 2.6 A ˚ resolution utilizing trigonal crystals that contained one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The molecule consists of two compact subdomains and a very long C-terminal-helix. The structure of the first subdomain (residues 1–117), which consists mostly of-strands, is similar to that of the shorter fragment previously expressed and crystallized, whereas the second subdomain is almost entirely helical. The fold and spatial relationship of the two subdomains, with the exception of the C-terminal helix, closely resemble the structure of BPP1347, a 203-amino-acid protein of unknown function from Bordetella parapertussis, and more distantly several other proteins. It was not possible to refine the structure to satisfactory convergence; however, since almost all of the Se atoms could be located on the basis of their anomalous scattering the correctness of the overall structure is not in question. The structure reported here was also compared with the structures of the putative substrate-binding domains of several proteins, showing topological similarities that should help in defining the binding sites used by Lon substrates. PDB Reference: N-terminal fragment of Lon protease, 3ljc.


The objective of Chemicals for Enhanced Oil Recovery is to lower barriers to implementation of the micellar flood approach by decreasing cost and increasing availability of chemicals used in the process. This is done by finding alternative feedstocks in wastes or low valued organic byproducts and by development of lower cost production procedures. For biopolymers in particular, emphasis has been on developments important for field production, to obviate the expense necessary for preparation of a dry product, feasible for shipping, and of redispersion for injection into formations. Because of the large quantities of waste and low valued byproducts generated by the paper industry, wood pulping streams have received particular attention. The interests have been not only in surfactants and mobility control polymers, but also in cosurfactants, sequestering agents for control of hardness, and competitive adsorbates. Some of the highlights of this period are: microscreens compared favorably in installed cost and operating energy to diatomaceous earth filtration and centrifugation for gross biomass removal; four fungi from genera other than Sclerotium, Helotium, or Stromatinia were tested and found to be potential biopolymer producers; methods of hydrolyzing polymers sequentially from the ends were investigated, and pH and temperature optima for these were obtained;more » coagent alcohols and alcohol-ketone mixture were readily produced from weak acid sulfite liquor, condenser effluent, and thermomechanical effluent streams; preparations of pure sodium oleate and a number of derivatives with substituents on the carbon next to the carboxylate were carried out and their phase behavior in systems containing a fixed cosurfactant were compared as a function of alkane molecular weight and of NaCl concentration; commercial ethoxylated fatty acids of different hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratios were evaluated, both alone and in conjunction with a petroleum sulfonate surfactant.« less


The mechanism for the deposition of spherical aerosols on a wall is investigated in a high resolution direct numerical simulation of low Reynolds number turbulent flow in a vertical channel. A Stokes drag force is used in the equation of motion for the aerosol and the particles are assumed to have no influence on the flow field. A particle deposits when it is one radius from the wall. This occurs mainly by an inertial‐free flight from distances outside the viscous sublayer. Particle concentration profiles are presented as a function of time and as a function of distance from the channel walls. It is shown that particles accumulate in the viscous sublayer by turbophoresis and by free flights that do not carry particles to the wall. A new method for identifying free‐flight particles is presented and a prediction of free‐flight deposition is made using fluid velocity distributions.


During the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons, soybean rust was not a threat for Iowa soybean growers. This year was a different story, as soybean rust was established fairly early in the season in Texas and Louisiana creating the potential for soybean rust to get to Iowa during the growing season. Soybean rust was not found while soybean plants were in a vulnerable stage; however, soybean rust was found in Iowa on September 25, 2007. Since the initial find, soybean rust was confirmed in 13 additional counties.


Based on the statistics of video in the 9th World women volleyball cup,this paper makes ananalysis on the match of Chinese and other five team in the front of sixth. The purpose is to discover thesuccessful factor in the win first place of Chinese team.


Green Lean Six Sigma has emerged in the Industry 4.0 era as a business strategy contributing to the circular economy by adopting the 3R concept, i.e., reduce, reuse, and recycle. Despite its broadly acknowledged capabilities in the manufacturing industry, practitioners continue to be cautious about its implementation, owing to insufficient knowledge and culture. Hence, there is a need to systematize the existing knowledge regarding this green initiative and also to recognize the key factors enabling its implementation. In the Malaysian manufacturing context, the enabling factors have yet to be identified and evaluated. This current study is the first of its kind to identify and examine these factors and to create a structural model to conceptualize and operationalize this business strategy. The implemented methodological approach includes two steps. Firstly, it performs a systematic review of leading studies on the topic, which are rather scarce in the current context. The second step entails a principal component factor analysis using varimax rotation to finalize the findings. The theoretical and empirical results revealed a structural model with five interconnected key factors, including twenty-seven enablers, that can be used to narrow the existing knowledge gap in the understudied context.


The trifluoroacetate anion undergoes reaction with succinic, maleic and phthalic anhydrides to yield 1 : 1 adducts. The molecular anions of maleic and phthalic anhydride also undergo reaction with perfluoroacetic anhydride to produce [CF3CO2]−· Maleic anhydride parent ions produce [M + CF3CO·]− ions when allowed to react with perfluoroacetic anhydride.


The article deals with one basis of the renewal of the proceedings in the civil case– the essence of newly disclosed circumstances, their conception, attributes that are established in the legal doctrine of Lithuania, legal regulation and case law. The author expresses his attitude towards the identifying attributes of newly disclosed circumstances while generalizing these attributes as conditions and analyzing each of them at length. The article reveals the case law examples which illustrate that it is not always easy to determine whether the circumstances are considered to be newly disclosed and provide the basis of the renewal of the proceedings of the closed case or it is nevertheless true that a particular circumstance does not satisfy all the requirements. Having conducted the analysis, the conclusion is to be made that newly disclosed circumstances are considered to be legal facts comprising the matter of proof in the case which were present while trying the case in the court of first instance.


The ability of microwave energy to penetrate some kinds of ceramic materials at frequencies of 100 GHz and above suggests that microwave techniques may be useful for the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of such materials. This paper presents experimental results that demonstrate the basic feasibility of using these techniques to detect and locate various types of inclusions (including voids) in silicon nitride Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/. Inclusions as small as 0.005 in in diameter have been detected.


Patrilineality, the organization of kinship, inheritance, and other key social processes based on patrilineal male descent, has been a salient feature of social organization in China and many other societies for centuries. Because patrilineage continuity or growth was the central focus of reproductive strategies in such societies, we introduce the number of patrilineal male descendants generations later as a stratification outcome. By reconstructing and analyzing 20,000 patrilineages in two prospective, multi-generational population databases from eighteenth- and nineteenth-century China, we show that patrilineages founded by high-status males had higher growth rates for the next 150 years. The elevated growth rate of these patrilineages was due more to their having a lower probability of extinction at each point in time than to surviving patrilineal male descendants having larger numbers of sons on average. As a result, male descendants of high-status males account for a disproportionately large share of the male population in later generations. In China and elsewhere, patrilineal kin network characteristics influence individuals' life chances; effects of a male founder's characteristics on patrilineage size many generations later thus represent an indirect channel of status transmission that has not been considered previously.


as an end in itself is losing something of its appeal and stirs the imagination only if it offers a better means of achieving truly Christian ends in the world. There is a final word about the modem tendency among ministers to dislike anything which makes them ' ' different ' and to press for a ministry which is relevant, involved, and committed wholly to practical service. The author believes the world still needs men and women whose lives are dedicated


Theory, Salter's collections bring a hardware awareness to the field of International Relations (IR) which, as he rightly points out, has been mainly engaged in a discursive understanding of international politics, sovereignty and state control. In order to fill that gap in the literature, the essays Salter has collected in the two volumes of Making Things International open up the field to a new perspective by demonstrating that non-humans – these mundane things that make our increasingly globalised world possible – are not lifeless objects but active agents, which are possibly as important as humans in sustaining the international system. In conclusion, the essays in Making Things International examine materials of many forms from historical and critical perspectives with an underlying emphasis on the agency of the nonhuman. When reading some of the essays in these books that give objects a great deal of agency, some IR scholars may roll their eyes. However, in general, I believe, the contributors argue convincingly that a humanistic approach alone to sovereignty, power and control is not enough to fully understand these forces, and it would enrich the field of IR to join the critical debates on materials of the international and the everyday.


The invention discloses a fiber reinforced polymer or inorganic matrix bamboo fiber compound engineering material, as well as a production method for products. The method comprises the following steps that: a bamboo fiber rod, glass fiber and other polymers or inorganic matter reinforcing fiber are woven into a bamboo-glass cloth; then a glass fiber cloth, yarns, felt, etc. are added to and matched with the bamboo-glass cloth as ply accumulated materials according to needs, and then are compounded and molded together with the polymers or inorganic matter base materials. Different molding processes are chosen according to the molding characteristics of the polymers or inorganic matter, and then glass fiber and other reinforced polymers or inorganic matter matrix bamboo composite plates, pipes, cans, bins, boxes, grooves, ships, sectional materials, door-window sectional materials, tiles, wagon boxes, containers, decorative sheets, furniture, deck plates, aerogenerator blades, other special-shaped bodies and a large number of products can be produced, which finds a good method for the extensive engineering application of the bamboo fiber.


Maintenance of airway is an integral part of general anaesthesia. Hemodynamic changes are major hazards of general endotracheal anesthesia and are probably generated by direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Supraglottic airway devices have been widely used as an alternative to tracheal intubation during general anaesthesia. Laryngeal mask airway is a supraglottic airway device with an inflatable cuff forming a low pressure seal around the laryngeal inlet and permitting ventilation. The i-gel is a novel supraglottic airway device made of thermoplastic elastomer which is soft, gel-like and transparent and does not have an inflatable cuff. In view of this, the present study was undertaken to compare the performance of two supraglottic airway devices classic laryngeal mask airway and i-gel in anaesthetized, spontaneously ventilating adult patients posted for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia. One hundred patients, scheduled for various elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia belonging to ASA class I and II were included in the study and were randomly divided into two groups with 50 patients in each group. Both the devices were compared in relation to the ease of insertion, number of insertion attempts, time of insertion, airway leak pressure, haemodynamic changes, intra and post operative complications. The demographic and hemodynamic parameters did not show any difference between the two devices. Statiscally the times of insertion (17.12±3.42 vs. 25.62±5.28 seconds) and airway leak pressure (26.38±2.76 vs. 19.70±2.10 cm of H 2 0) were lower for i-gel compared to c-LMA.


This paper describes software providing interactive character based graphic 110 for board layout and design of digital circuits. The system permits a user to access digital network description files from a CRT or hardcopy character based terminal and interactively arrange the network components on a specified board. Feedback is provided in the form of simulated graphic layouts. Emphasis is placed on techniques for displaying network components and coordinate algorithms.


I would like in this article to examine and offer an answer to the following question. What measures has the E.C. adopted on creditor protection and what measures is it now preparing in this field? To deal adequately with this one must define "creditor". Workers, members (i.e. shareholders) of companies and consumers are creditors. It would be too much to deal with every aspect of protection for all of these. So far as consumers are concerned a brief reference to the Commission's Consumer Protection Programme' will have to suffice, but I shall deal in more detail with the proposal for a Directive on consumer credit. Protection of workers is covered, e.g., by the Directive on "collective redundancies", which contains provisions concerning change of an employer and insolvency of an employer2. Here I shall discuss in particular measures which relate to the protection of creditors in general, that is to say, creditors who have money claims, and not measures which apply to particular social groups. The measures I have in mind can be divided according to either form or content. The most important fields in which they are found are the law of procedure, bankruptcy and insolvency law, company law and the law relating to securities. The matter of form depends on the legal instrument used: Directives and Conventions must be considered first. Directives do not have to be transformed verbatim into national law. They are not uniform law and they do allow for flexibility in adapting national law. Directives are expressly prescribed for the purpose of company law by Article 54(3)(g) and Article 56(2) of the E.E.C. Treaty. Under those Articles the Council and the Commission carry out the duty imposed upon them to guarantee freedom of establishment, in particular -


ABSTRACT Parametric study offirst overtone (P0) CO laser was carried out both experimentally and theoretically. Special optical filter wasused for suppression of fundamental band lasing. The theoretical model is in satisfactory agreement with the experiment for thelaser operating on He-containing gas mixture. The maximum FO CO laser efficiency of 5.5% and specific output energy (SOE)of 20 JI1 Amagat were obtained for laser resonator with rather high useless optical losses, FO CO lasing taking place from 13-÷1 1 up to 30-÷28 vibrational transitions (X 2.7 - 3.6 gm). Important influence of intracavity water vapor on output characteristics of FO CO laser and its spectrum, in particular, is discussed. Both theoretical and experimental results indicatethat FO CO laser efficiency up to 15 - 20% and SOE up to 50 - 80 J/l Amagat can be obtained.Keywords: CO laser, overtone, fundamental band, experiment, theory, vibrational transition 1. INTRODUCTION Carbon monoxide laser is a very attractive object both for practical applications and for fundamental research 1,2


Vitamin D is a hormone in steroid form rather than a vitamin. The main source of vitamin D is cutaneous synthesis after exposure to solar
ultraviolet B radiation (wavelength, 290-310 nm). Cutaneous vitamin D production is insuenced by age, skin pigmentation, latitude, and
season of the year. Uptake of Vitamin D with only natural products can not meet the recommended daily requirements. Human milk
contains 10-60 IU/L of Vitamin D which is far from daily requirement.
Rickets are usually seen among infants between ages of 6 months and 3 years old age who are not exposed to sunlight, and breastfed
without appropriate vitamin D supplementation in winter season. The classic effect of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D is on active calcium
transport in the intestinal cell. Vitamin D deficiency in infant and children adversely affects calcium metabolism resulting in Rickets,
hypocalcemic convulsions, bowing of weight-bearing bones, muscle weakness, hypoplasia of tooth, general ill health, and poor growth.
The skull is frequently soft and enlarged with delayed closure of the fontanels.
Vitamin D also plays a role in the pathogenesis of auto-immune disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure and
also regulates specific cell differentiation and proliferation.
The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in our population is 1.6-19%. Treatment for Rickets may be administered gradually over several
months or in a single day's dose (stoss therapy) with vitamin D. Stoss therapy may be advantageous when compliance with therapy and/or
follow up is a problem. However, such high doses of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia. Rickets is due to a deficiency in vitamin D, and
can be prevented by exposure to sunlight or by dietary supplements of vitamin D. It is recommended that adequate intake of vitamin D
to prevent Rickets in infants is 400 IU per day in first year and preferably for three years.


One of many solutions that can be applied to solve the transportation problems in Yogyakarta is by adding another mass transportation system which is eco friendly, ergonomic, and does not cause congestion and accident in the highway. There are several kinds of mass transportation that can be developed in Yogyakarta, such as monorail, tram, even commmuter line. But considered from the various advantages and disadvantages, the monorail is an additional mode of transport that is most suitable for Yogyakarta, because its railways are not become one with the road like a tram that may caused another negative impact. The main orientation of this design is to make a monorail body carriage. In designing this monorail body carriage, the conditions of design follows the model and carriage capacity that applied by urbanout with the operating condition data including the size of the carriages, passenger capacity, speed of the train, and the wheel base distance. Aluminum alloy 6061 material is used in the design of the carriage frame. And then the forces working on the carriage is calculated. The magnitude of the forces working on the carriage must be able to be endured by the frame. Data from the design then simulated with static load simulation using Autodesk Inventor 2012 software. From the analysis results will be seen whether the design of the carriage frame structure has been made safe. The size of the carriage is 8800mm x 2350mm x 3100mm for the front and rear car and 6700mm x 2350mm x 3100mm for the middle car. The results showed that the structure of the carriage from urbanout model with frame made of aluminum alloy 6061 is strong enough and suitable for use in light monorail vehicle. With the smallest safety factor by 4.56.


Bajaj Auto Ltd. (BAL)-An Indian auto-maker unveiled its most glorified 150cc commuter bike model 'Bajaj V' (named 'V15' for limited edition) in a quite simple & no-frill launching event in New Delhi on 1st February 2016. The bike model was presented to audience which comprised of journalists, company executives, bike enthusiasts, business analysts and other invitees. On 26January 2016The Republic Day of India, BAL had created lots of buzz about the upcoming brand Bajaj-V through a series of integrated campaigns, especially by airing a teaser video that was created by its agency Leo Burnett India. Probably for the first time in Indian automobile industry, an automobile company was trying to experiment with an innovative concept as model 'V' was introduced to the world as one which contained metal sourced from the scrapped INS VikrantIndia's 1aircraft carrier known for its war time military legacy. A bike someone can ride with pride. The sleek and sturdy design embroiled with an unforgettable logo/ brand mark of a designer 'V' on its fuel tank complimented the tagline 'Part Motorbike, Part War Hero'. Model 'V' was outcome of a tightly held covert project for almost two years jointly taken care of by team from Bajaj & agency Leo Burnett. The commuter bike segment in India being most promising, the company had set higher expectations from the launch. The case being analyzed, students can understand whether such promotion and positioning is short lived or it is a ripple that will have a lasting pass along rate for long. They can relate sales outcome to buzz-marketing. Students would appreciate the long term impact on family brand 'Bajaj'. From a strategic marketing perspective, students would find rationale of a new product launch in a competitive scenario where market is almost saturated. Students can learn how companies try to leverage from heritage value of a brand.


GridBox is an open platform for monitoring and active control of distribution grids. It is based on an innovative concept that comprehensively addresses the challenges DSOs will be exposed to in the context of increasing amounts of decentralized and often fluctuating generation as well as the electrification of the heat and transportation sector. In this paper, we outline the principles of the GridBox concept, we describe its key elements in terms of hardware and software and we specify functionalities and applications. The practical implementation of the concept is illustrated by presenting an overview and first results from field tests in two different regions in Switzerland – one in an urban grid area in the city of Zurich and one in a rural grid area in the canton of Bern.


Memorial held for victims of Hiroshima London Media : http://www.demotix.com/news/2360887/memorial-held-victims-hiroshima-london#media-2360883 Dozens of activists turned out in Tavistock Square to pay tribute to the victims of Hiroshima. Hiroshima,Nuclear,...


In the Diffa region of Niger, a survey was carried out in 140 farms to analyze the breeding practices and dairy performance of Kouri cattle. In addition, morphometric traits that were indicators of dairy performance according to the farmers were documented. Most of the herders were sedentary and the majority of herds were medium-sized (36 ± 30 head per farm). For cows with the most recent complete lactations, milk production per cow was on average 2.7 ± 1.4 liters per day for an average lactation duration of 7.2 ± 2.8 months. For cows considered as the best dairy cows, milk production per cow was 4.2 ± 1.5 liters per day for an average lactation duration of 8.9 ± 2.7 months. Although breeding practices were similar for many aspects in the different ethnic groups, morphometric selection criteria for Kouri dairy cows varied according to the ethnic group. The phenotypic characteristics thus associated with the Kouri breed in the identified ethnic groups were mainly the pelvic length, chest width, teat length, withers height, and tail length. It is important to consider endogenous knowledge of genetic improvement because the morphometric parameters identified in this study as performance indicators were not unanimously accepted within the ethnic groups.


This paper presents an analytical model for the potential distribution of a p-n-i-n tunneling field effect transistor (TFET). Using the potential distribution, the tunneling drain current is derived analytically by integrating the band-to-band tunneling generation rate over the device volume. According to our knowledge, there is no analytical analysis for this structure in the literature, and this is the first analytical model proposed for a p-n-i-n TFET structure. The proposed analytical model is validated via numerical results obtained from device simulations based on non-local band-to-band tunneling model. & 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


F. Zindi Dept. of Ed!ucational Foundations University of Zimbabwe P.O. Box MP 167 Mount Pleasant, Harare "Jibe process of standardizing the Wt'.Chsler Intelligence Scale for (~hildren-Revised (WISC-R, 1974) using Zimbabwean norms With a view to adapting the scale to Zimbabwean culture and milieu. was conducted. After the WISC-R was administered by 5 educational psychologists to 300 rural and urban boys and girls aged below rtlne years (in grades 1, 2, and 3), the data was cheCked for items that were difficult through the use of differential item techniques, and a revised version of the scale was prepared using Zimbabwean norms .. The Zimbabwean version of the scale was administered t6 the same subjects two months later. Significant increments (p < .01) in all retest IQs were observed. These were explained in tem)s of improved language of instruction, and the validity and reliability of a locally standardized instrument. Suggestions for the standardization of the Zimbabwean version ofthe WISC-R on a larger sample (N=2000) in order to eliminate bias are made. Although it has been extensively documented that the use of psychometric tests in a culture other than the one in which the tests were developed requires evidence ofvaJidity and reliability in the ~e.w setting, and, usually the development of new cultural norms (Clarizio, 1982; Mcloughlin &. Lewis, 1989; Sattler, 1992), in Zimbabwe the continued use of traditional intelligence tests designed in Britain or America with minor or no


In the article it is proved that the diary of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich is a unique historical source due to which it is possible to see the role of Duke in preparation of the peasant reform.


Abstract It is widely accepted that natural resources should only be sustainably exploited and utilized to effectively preserve our planet for future generations. To better manage the natural resources, and to better understand the closely linked Earth systems, the concept of Digital Earth has been strongly promoted since US Vice President Al Gore's speech in 1998. One core element of Digital Earth is the use and integration of remote sensing data. Only satellite imagery can cover the entire globe repeatedly at a sufficient high-spatial resolution to map changes in land cover and land use, but also to detect more subtle changes related for instance to climate change. To uncover global change effects on vegetation activity and phenology, it is important to establish high quality time series characterizing the past situation against which the current state can be compared. With the present study we describe a time series of vegetation activity at 10-daily time steps between 1998 and 2008 covering large parts of South America at 1 km spatial resolution. Particular emphasis was put on noise removal. Only carefully filtered time series of vegetation indices can be used as a benchmark and for studying vegetation dynamics at a continental scale. Without temporal smoothing, subtle spatio-temporal patterns in vegetation composition, density and phenology would be hidden by atmospheric noise and undetected clouds. Such noise is immanent in data that have undergone solely a maximum value compositing. Within the present study, the Whittaker smoother (WS) was applied to a SPOT VGT time series. The WS balances the fidelity to the observations with the roughness of the smoothed curve. The algorithm is extremely fast, gives continuous control over smoothness with only one parameter, and interpolates automatically. The filtering efficiently removed the negatively biased noise present in the original data, while preserving the overall shape of the curves showing vegetation growth and development. Geostatistical variogram analysis revealed a significantly increased signal-to-noise ratio compared to the raw data. Analysis of the data also revealed spatially consistent key phenological markers. Extracted seasonality parameters followed a clear meridional trend. Compared to the unfiltered data, the filtered time series increased the separability of various land cover classes. It is thus expected that the data set holds great potential for environmental and vegetation related studies within the frame of Digital Earth.


A porous coordination framework material, Zn4O(BDC)(BTB)4/3 (labeled 1 for simplification), has been prepared and applied to hydrogen storage. Its storage capacity has been measured, and the absolute and excess H2 adsorption uptakes reach 6.23 and 5.43 wt % at 77 K and 20 bar, respectively. Moreover, a multiscale simulation method, which combines first-principles calculation and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation, has been used to evaluate H2 adsorption in this material. The simulation results successfully reproduce the experimentally determined hydrogen uptake in 1 at T = 77 K and in the pressure range 0−20 bar. Furthermore, the simulation predicts that the hydrogen capacity in 1 reaches 9.5 wt % at 77 K and 100 bar, which is among the highest reported in the literature to date. Clearly, this material is a promising adsorbent for hydrogen storage.


Abstract
Purpose – This chapter explores my responses to Carolyn Steedman's Landscape for a Good Woman (1986) as a historian and an educated working-class woman and considers the 'blind spots' in some commentary on the book. The aim of this study is to unpick understandings of subjectivity, class and education in certain kinds of academic text.

Methodology/Approach – The chapter draws on a qualitative analysis of works of history and cultural studies and reflections on the author's own emotions and experiences.

Findings – Education and class are equally important in the experiences of educated working-class people, but there are considerable difficulties in communicating these different aspects of selfhood and in ensuring they are understood.

Originality/Value – 'Autobiographical histories' as a form, and the use of the first person in contexts where it is not usually accepted, provide new possibilities of identification and knowledge for marginalised peoples. 'Vulnerable writing' therefore has a political purpose.


Study of partial discharge (PD) provides valuable information for selection and developing dielectric materials in modern high voltage engineering applications. This paper introduces a measurement setup built upon dielectric response technique to study different kinds of excess currents correlated with PD activity. These additional currents occurs during and after PD activity and shows some important properties on influencing both the amplitudes and intensity of the PD. The importance of such a measurement is proved through measurements of twisted pair test objects. A simultaneous performed pulse PD detection in the measurement indicates an association between changes in PD intensity and the PD excess current amplitudes. To further support our understandings, tests with air circulating around the test object is also performed to illustrate the excess current and its relation to partial discharge activities.


The words of participation - With an analysis of the altered relations between citizen and State, individual and community, in an internet society that has been destructured by the blows of globalisation, the present article argues that it is better not to close the debate on the inclusion of local communities in local area planning and governance processes. Sociologists may discuss the construction of a new public space, i.e. one where a common interest can be found, but in urban planning the central theme is that of engaging with a multiplicity of stakeholders and communities. Furthermore, the stretching apart of once convergent concepts of identity and location imposes the need to experiment with methodologies of integration between expert knowledge and local experience. In this way, the project is an opportunity for collective interpretation of transformations, and it sets in motion an ongoing process of learning and governance of landscape complexities.


The Comrade flow compiles ANSI-C without restrictions or annotations into combined HW-SW-solutions for reconfigurable adaptive computers, exploiting both a conventional CPU and a reconf. compute unit.


Deng Xiaoping's reform view is a Deng Xiaoping's basic standpoint for our reform.aspect.Further study and inquiry into Deng Xiaoping's reform view, for further push forward our country of the reform open business, setting up the socialism diapason construction, will have the very important realistic meaning and profound history meaning.


Imidazole is the heterocyclic 5-membered ring structure, out of which three are carbon and the remaining two are nitrogen, arranged at 1 and 3 positions. It is the constituent of several natural compounds like histamine, histidine, biotin, alkaloids and nucleic acid and a very important class among the medicinal compounds. Tri-substituted imidazole have been synthesis by condensation. Large numbersof imidazole derivatives have been are being developed for different therapeutic action.


The proliferation of pervasive services requires advanced methods to adapt the service provision to the user's context. The author presents a hybrid statistical and semantic framework for interface selection and adaptation. The approach is to find the best compromise between urgency and privacy requirements, avoiding interference with the user's activities.


The influence of mechanicochemical effect on characteristics of steel slag was investigated by cementitiousness test.Results show that hydrate characteristics of steel slag were increased after ball milling.Although addition of Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O can activate steel slag,but mechanicochemical effect is main factor influencing hydrate characteristics of steel slag.


Many strains of fungi are known to produce mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin , ochratoxin A , patulin and alternaria toxins which are secondary metabolites re-leased into foods and food products. The incidence of these metabolites in foods especially fruits is of great human health concern due to its toxigenic potentials even at low dose levels. Of greater concerns is the consumers' attitude toward the consumption of these fruits, particularly in the areas we studied. The major aim of this research was therefore, to determine the prevalence of fungi associated with ripe, over-ripe and rotten fruits and the consumers' responses using struc-tured questionnaire as well as empirical laboratory analysis. The fungal analysis of the vended ripe and overripe fruits was studied using standard analytical methods. Results show that fungi isolated from the fruits were Aspergillus niger , which is a potent producer of mycotoxin (37%), Fusarium sp. (8%), Mucor mucedo (18%), Aspergillus fumigatus (13%), Mucor sp. (11%), Aspergillus flavus (5%), Penicillium digitatum (4%), Rhizopus stolonifer (3%) and Phytophthora sp. (2%) in that order. This indicates that these fungi species are of economic and public health significance as they are capable of producing toxic compounds in fruits. The toxic substances can result to food poisoning or intoxication if con-sumed. High poverty level and lack of awareness that over-ripe fruits provide good ground for the growth and production of toxin-laden fungi are the leading factors responsible for many people eating overripe fruits according to our questionnaire. The questionnaire analyses also show that many people are unaware of the dangers associated with the consumption of over-ripe fruits. The results of this work could be used as added material for educating the masses about the dangers of consuming toxigenic materials especially unwholesome fruits.


This paper develops empirical models to investigate whether knowledge about the health benefits of soy-based foods plays a significant role in consumers' decision to consume soy-based foods and how much to consume (consumption intensity). In addition, the impact of FDA's 1999 official confirmation of the health benefits of soy foods on consumers' willingness-to-consume soy foods or willingness-to-increase consumption frequency is examined.


We prove the constructive version of Birkhoff's ergodic theorem following Vyugin but trying to separate and state explicitly the combinatorial statement on which this proof is based. We pose some questions related to this statement (and the effective ergodic theorem in general).


This paper presents how to design Quasi-Orthogonal Space Time Block Coding for multiple transmitting antennas and one receiver with feedback. Multipath wireless environment creates difficulty because of diversity at multiple receivers and multiple transmitters. Diversity is reduced by using Quasi-Orthogonal STBC. For simplicity we considered four transmitters and one receiver. The diversity is achieved by reducing the non-zero off diagonal terms of quasi orthogonal matrix and by reducing the number of phase rotations at the transmitter. The phase rotations are achieved by single phase and two phase methods with low number of feedback bits. In this paper We concluded that two bit feedback is better than three bit feedback which is achieved by calculation of BER (bit error rate). These techniques are effective over fading channels and indoor wireless networks with low data rate systems .with this method we can achieve low-complexity and full diversity.


OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study examined the different factors that impact the client-centred approach in daytime activity programs for people in Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia with a long-term mental illness. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with nine clients and six occupational therapists from various organizations. The results were evaluated with a qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: In conclusion client-centredness seems to be supported by the attitude of the occupational therapists as well as the organizational structure of the institutions. The practical working situation showed that clients and occupational therapists consider different priorities within the activity programs. Furthermore, active client involvement was limited and goal setting often was not concrete in nature. CONCLUSION: Due to the outcome of this study it is questioned whether greater transparency or another form of supportive behavior of the occupational therapists could further enhance the client-centred approach.


2056 Background: Several factors influence prognosis of lower grade gliomas, including age, histological diagnosis, 1p/19q chromosome arm deletion (codel 1p/19q), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/IDH2) mutations. Diffusion and Perfusion Weighted Imaging (DWI and PWI) have been proposed as candidates for survival predictors in glioma patients. Methods: To assess the association between mean rCBV, rADC and Cho/Cr ratio values and prognostic biomarkers, we investigated 51 supratentorial grade II (36) and III (15) gliomas by advanced MRI (aMRI), including PWI and DWI, before surgery. Surgical sample histological subtypes and molecular variants (loss of heterozigosity on 1p, 19q, 17p, 9p, 10q; IDH1/IDH2 mutations, O6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase methylation) were evaluated. Results: rCBV and rADC had significantly different values in gliomas with and without 1p/19q gliomas (2.87±2,4 vs. 1.29±0.93, p = 0.01; 1.55±0,26 vs. 1.81±0.6, p = 0.02 respectively), but not in wild-type and mutated IDH1/IDH2 or grade...


DISCLAIMER
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

PURPOSE
This review of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), including new and emerging evidence for treatment of patients with this condition, is intended to offer data supporting the use of specific agents for this patient population.

SUMMARY
Chronic heart failure is a major health concern affecting millions of Americans annually and remains a significant burden on the healthcare system. Heart failure is divided into categories based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Current treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, defined by an LVEF of less than 40%, involve a variety of agents with established morbidity and mortality benefits. This is in stark contrast to directed treatments for patients with HFpEF, defined by an LVEF of greater than 50%. Treatments for this form of heart failure have been elusive until recently, when studies were published with sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin. Results of the PARAGON-HF trial suggested benefit from sacubitril/valsartan in patients with an ejection fraction between 45% and 57%, leading to its approval in 2021 as the first medication indicated for treatment of patients with a preserved ejection fraction. Months later, the results of the EMPEROR-Preserved trial demonstrated a statistically significant benefit in the composite outcome of heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death in patients with HFpEF taking empagliflozin. This medication has yet to gain approval for HFpEF; however, these data along with ongoing and future trials will likely impact standard treatment for these patients.

CONCLUSION
The PARAGON-HF and EMPEROR-Preserved trials will serve as the foundation for a new era in the treatment of HFpEF.


English is essential for personal and professional development since it is the basis of global communication. On the other hand, teaching English is a demanding work due to teachers must be aware of strategies that could be applied for helping students develop language skills. Through a previous analysis, it was determined as a problem that students did not master enough vocabulary to create and maintain a real communication. Therefore, teachers apply Storytelling as a methodological strategy to help students internalize the vocabulary learned and to be communicatively competent using English. Hence, this study focuses on making an analysis of how Storytelling is applied to enhance the vocabulary learning at Fifth grade of basic education "C" at "Unidad Educativa Combatientes de Tapi" located in the Riobamba, during the academic year 2018-2019. In order to accomplish the objectives set to this research, 30 students and 1 English teacher were taken as a population. The research type carried out was qualitative. The level of research was descriptive. Moreover, the Ethnographic method was used since genuine information about the problem was gathered. In addition, the technique used for collecting information was the observation. So, an observation sheet was applied in order to collect real and relevant data. The results of this study show that storytelling is one of the most suitable strategies to teach vocabulary and have students engaged in the teaching-learning process through the development of meaningful activities.


Hydrophilic monomer methacrylic acid and acraldehyde was polymerized directly in Na-montmorillonite(MMT) layers by free radical initiation.The impacts of initiator dosages and MMT contents on nanocomposite structure and application properties were studied by mono-factor experiment.The nanocomposite was characterized by XRD and FTIR spectrometry.The results show that the wet-heat resistant temperature of leather treated by 6% nanocomposites associated with 2% chromate based on pelt weight can be improved to 90 ℃,and the thickness increment ratio of the leather increases by 70%.Compared with conventional chrome tanning,the dosage of chromate is reduced by 75%.The nanocomposite formed belongs to exfoliated nanocomposite by XRD analysis.FTIR spectroscope detected that there is interlamellar polymerizotion of methacrylic acid and acraldehyde.


Sir, Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) account for 30–40% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the developed world and are associated with the presence of large B cells in tissue sections which express a mature B-cell immunophenotype and have high proliferation indices (Gatter & Warnke, 2001). Up to 40% of cases present with only extranodal involvement, however, isolated bone marrow involvement is extremely rare (Gatter & Warnke, 2001). A 69-year-old man presented with extreme lethargy and tiredness (but no weight loss or night sweats) and was found to have a haemoglobin of 8 g/dl, reticulocytes of 112 · 10/l (normal range: 10–100 · 10) and an elevated lactate dehydrogenase at 728 IU/l (normal upper limit: 500). Bilirubin was 38 lm (normal upper limit: 17). Blood film examination revealed the presence of red blood cell agglutinates which resolved upon warming and polychromasia. The direct antiglobulin test was positive, with anti-C3d specificity. Anti-IgG was negative. Haptoglobins were absent. Cold agglutinins were present with a titre of 1 : 128 at 4 C. Of note, the patient did not describe symptoms of acrocyanosis. There was no lymphadenopathy on clinical examination or on computerized tomography. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy (Figure 1) revealed hypercellularity with an M : E ratio of 1 : 2 (in keeping with the peripheral blood findings of a cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia) and involvement with a population of lymphocytes which on immunohistochemical analysis of the trephine biopsy were positive for CD20 and CD79(a) and negative for CD5, CD10, CD23 and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase. The morphology of this cell population was consistent with DLBCL. The bone marrow sample failed to produce dividing metaphases for G-banded analysis. Interphase FISH analysis using IGH/BCL6 (14q32/3q27, Cancer Genetics Inc., Rivervale, New Jersey 07675, USA) probe, IGH (14q32, Cancer Genetics) dual colour breakapart probe and BCL6 (3q27, Vysis Inc., Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA) dual colour breakapart probe showed no evidence of gene rearrangements at the molecular cytogenetic level in 100 cells examined. Treatment with 'CHOP-Rituximab' chemotherapy (consisting of cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m IV on day 1, doxorubicin 50 mg/m IV on day 1, vincristine 1.4 mg/m IV on day 1, prednisolone 60 mg/m PO on days 1–5 and rituximab 375 mg/m IV on day 1, with cycles given every 21 days) resulted in complete bone marrow clearance and commencement of resolution of the haemolytic anaemia on day 8 of cycle 1. On this day his presenting symptoms had disappeared and he had a haemoglobin level of 11.1 g/dl (unsupported by blood transfusion.) LDH, reticulocytes and bilirubin had normalised to 400 IU/l, 60 · 10/l and 10 lm, respectively. He remains in remission following five courses of CHOP-R. LETTER TO THE EDITOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY


Water resources management represents a present key issue in hydrology, and hydrological models generating streamflow time series are useful tools in this field. It is possible to refer, in the extreme, to lumped or fully distributed approaches, but when river basins with particular features have to be modeled it is possible to take advantage of a semi-distributed formulation. In this study we propose a semi-distributed conceptually based modeling approach, supported by field measurements collected within several seasonal campaigns, that has been set up for the Bussento river basin, located in southern Italy, characterized by soils and rocks with highly different hydraulic permeability and above all a highly hydro-geological conditioning. The proposed approach, which joins together all hydraulic, hydrological and geological data, is able to reproduce the river discharge mean characteristic.


Pre-weaning growth data from 3822 calves reared in 11 Victorian herds were analysed. The results suggested that the superiority of males (bulls) over castrated males (steers) in pre-weaning growth was due, at least partly, to the early castration of poorly growing male calves, i.e. to the effects of early selection. The extent of this selection bias was further examined using results from similar studies and from experiments in which bulls and steers were selected without bias. These studies strongly supported the view that the superiority of bulls over steers was primarily due to selection and not to sex effects. If sex did influence the bull-steer difference it was of no statistical or practical importance. In the Victorian data, the ratio of bulls to steers was higher in subclasses in which average growth rates were higher. When selection effects are correlated in this way with other environmental effects such as age of dam effects further biases may arise in estimation of those effects and hence in individual or mass selection. The results indicated, therefore, that unless bulls and steers are treated as one sex biases can arise in both individual selection and progeny selection.


The fourth industrial revolution is accelerating industrial automation. In industrial networks, manufacturing processes require hard real-time communication where the latency is less than 1ms. Time-sensitive networking (TSN) technology over Ethernet already supports deterministic delivery for real-time communication. However, TSN technologies over wireless networks are currently in their initial development stage. Therefore, this study presents an overview of TSN research trends in wireless communications. This paper focuses on 5G networks and IEEE 802.11. We summarize standardization trends for TSN in 5G networks and introduce the TSN technologies for 802.11-based WLAN. Then, we introduce the integration scenario of 5GS with WLAN. This study provides insights into wireless communication technologies for wireless TSN.


In this paper the design of a cellular computer with 32/spl times/32 cells is discussed by referencing to different points of alternatives for realizing massively parallel analogue processor arrays. The design is a combination of cellular nonlinear network type computing and an analog microprocessor. Motivations are given for the selected solutions that are used to implement a test chip with a resolution of 32/spl times/32 cells. Digital solutions are used in the 32/spl times/32 design to mitigate the effect of traditional bottlenecks in computing speed, namely analog weight programming and analog I/O. Furthermore, as A/D/A converters are included in each cell, alternative solutions for analog storage are highlighted.


The ligand/receptor pair consisting of a synthetic dimeric derivative of vancomycin (V), linked at the C terminus by p-xylylenediamine (V-CONHCH2C6H4CH2NHCO-V), and a dimeric derivative of l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala, [CH2CONeH(Nα-Ac)-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala-CO2-]2, provides a new system with which to study the influence of divalency on the strength of binding. A competitive assay using affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) has been developed and used to estimate the dissociation constant of the divalent complex (≈ 1.1 nM) and the enhancement in binding (∼103) relative to the corresponding monomeric interaction between unmodified monomeric vancomycin and diacetyl-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala.


In the context of ever-increasing competition among creative universities in Kazakhstan for the right to teach students in the study program «directing choreography», the introduction of modern teaching technologies into the process of studying a complex of choreographic disciplines is gaining in importance. This will make it possible to achieve significant results in educating not only a competent specialist in the field of dance art, but also a highly professional director-choreographer. The methodology of our work was based on works on general directing, choreography directing, research in the field of modern innovative technologies, scientific developments of prominent scientists of Kazakhstan, the works of the educational and methodological direction of teachers at the T. K. Zhurgenov KazNAA. The main modern technologies, which are most successfully used in the process of teaching and educating future directors-choreographers, were identified and structured, their content was revealed, and the main features were indicated. On this basis, a summary table has been developed, which makes it possible to visually trace the sequence of application of certain technologies, as well as those features that characterize one or another type of innovation. The discussion block is presented by a comparative analysis of the state of affairs in Western innovative systems for studying choreography, and domestic approaches to the introduction of certain educational technologies. The general results of the study are also analyzed. In the conclusion, general conclusions about the conducted research are given, its practical significance is indicated. The main ways of solving pressing issues on the best use of modern pedagogical and innovative technologies in the training and education of future directors-choreographers are proposed. Further prospects for the study of this problem are also outlined.
Keywords: choreography, ballet-master's art, director-choreographer, educational process, modern technologies.


Yuan Drama is the mark of Yuan-dynasty literature with its uniqueness,which is also the intensive representative of Yuan culture.The representation of Yuan drama as popular culture is analyzed including the dramatist as common people,the commercial nature of the performance,and the entertainment nature of the tunes.


In over the years, new players have entered the fragrance market to bring the essence of Africa into fragrances. The case discusses one such niche luxury brand, White Label Fragrances that incorporates indigenous materials to produce African-flavored perfumes. The brand's distinct product segments include personal fragrances, a male grooming range, body care, and home aroma solutions. The personal fragrances consist of 16 variants catered for both males and females. The company differentiates itself by providing scents to capture the essence of Africa. The case also illustrates the timeline of achievements and challenges of the company starting from inception till date followed by targets for 2025. A Fishbone analysis demonstrates the root causes of the problems faced by the company. Finally, the case portrays the goals that the brand plans to achieve and probable strategies it could implement to take White Label Fragrances to a global level.


In Nicholas Breton's 1599 Miseries of Mavillia , women's education is examined as a social good that can be transferred across classes. In the text, education helps to define the title character as a gentlewoman, but that education is gained from a laundress rather than from any fellow member of the upper class. For the less-educated characters, Breton allows the value they place on learning to also serve as a marker of worth. For the better-educated characters, worth is more explicitly coded by a combination of endorsed social status, clear reward, and moral stability. Although the titular Mavillia endures many miseries despite her attainments and status, education acts as (variously) safeguard, surety, and salvation throughout her story. Moreover, Mavillia is able to use her education to create a "gentlewoman" out of the stubborn daughter of shepherds. In showing Mavillia's successful transference of that education and its benefits to a woman not born to either, Breton challenges the established social order of restrictive class immobility and emphasizes the potential impact of education on the lives of middle-class and gentry women. Ultimately, Breton's text argues for education as a potential source of comfort and moral fortitude for women of all backgrounds.


We present a function space‐oriented coupling approach for the multiscale simulation of non‐linear processes in mechanics using finite elements and molecular dynamics concurrently. The key idea is to construct a transfer operator between the different scales on the basis of weighted local averaging instead of using point wise taken values. The local weight functions are constructed by assigning a partition of unity to the molecular degrees of freedom (Shepard's approach). This allows for decomposing the micro scale displacements into a low‐frequency and a high‐frequency part by means of a weighted L2‐projection. Numerical experiments illustrating the stabilizing effect of our coupling approach are given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We investigated the possible side chain/side chain interactions of four potential transmembrane proteins. The basic assumptions are that the proteins are α-helical, and that the proteins aggregate with knobs-into-holes packing. It was found that these four proteins can be assembled into stereochemically feasible bundles of α-helices with hydrophobic exteriors and with hydrogen bonds between the side chains of one α-helix and the side chains of its knobs-into-holes packed neighbors.


Educational value takes place in an interactive process of subject and object of educational activity, and is purposely created by the subject which is based on its need and the conditions of the object. The subject-oriented cultivation of educational-activity subject is made by educational value, and is also a fundamental channel of educational-value creation. In educational activity, the appropriate environment that creative subjects and subject object interact can benefit the growth of subject awareness and the formation of inner-stimulating mechanism of subject-oriented growth, can guide the formation of scientifically educational value and the positive value orientation so that the direction of subject-oriented growth in educational-value subject can be standardized as a concrete way of educational-value creation.


The method of making benzoic acid by oxidizing the benzyl ether mixture with the acid potassium permanganate solution is researched.The factors affecting the reaction,such as time and temperature,the amount of potassium permanganate and acidity,were discussed.The optimal reaction conditions were obtained by orthogonal experimental design: 6.5 g potassium permanganate was dissolved with 150 mL water,joining 3 mL sulfuric acid.The solution reacted with 2.5 mL benzyl ether mixture(approximately 3 g) as oxidizing agent.The total yield was over 94.8% under the optimal condition with the purity of over 99.5%.


This is a numerical study of turbulent natural convection flow in a rectangular enclosure. The flow of heat is one form of Newtonian motion. We consider natural convection in a three dimensional rectangular enclosure in the form of a room with heaters placed on opposite walls and two windows each on the adjacent opposite walls. The study of free convection in the past five decades focused mainly on two different simple geometries, first the single isothermal or constant flux vertical plate in isothermal stagnant surrounding, secondly, the enclosed rectangular cavity with heated floor and cooled walls. There has also been much emphasis on Reyleigh number as opposed to the Reynolds number used in this study. To analyze the flow and heat transfer rates, a complete set of non-dimensionalized equations governing Newtonian fluid and boundary conditions are recast into vector potential to eliminate the need for solving the continuity equations. A Boussinesq fluid motion in a three dimensional cavity is considered. The governing equations with the boundary conditions are descritized using three point central difference approximations for a non-uniform mesh. The resulting finite difference equations are solved using Matlab simulation software. The solutions are presented at the Reynolds number 5500, with Prandtl number 0.71. The results are presented on graphs to show velocity profiles and temperature distribution in the room. The room is divided into a number of regions with those near the heaters having high temperatures as those near the windows have low temperatures. Convective currents caused by buoyancy forces play a major role in determining the velocity profiles in the room. Keywords—Heat Convection in an Enclosure; Heat Transfer; Natural Convection in a Rectangular Enclosure.


Web sites are constantly threatened by sudden surges in traffic, also known as flash crowds. Current systems deal with flash crowds by utilizing replication or edge computing to distribute the load between multiple servers. However, when dealing with dynamic websites, the database part of the system quickly becomes the bottleneck. As a result, current systems are unsuitable when applied to dynamic websites. In this thesis, we introduce flashCBC, a content-blind query result caching middleware designed to unburden the database server during a flash crowd.


We present 86.8 GHz SiO J=2-1 observations of the molecular outflow from the protostellar source NGC 1333 IRAS 2A. Silicon monoxide is a sensitive tracer of shocks in molecular gas, and the emission clearly traces terminal bowshocks at the ends of the outflow lobes, as well as emission knots and a source coincident with the protostar. Our three-field mosaic from the BIMA interferometer covers the entire outflow length, including both lobes. The most prominent emission feature, the eastern bowshock, shows SiO at the leading edge, clearly displaced from the maximum seen in CO. This is in contrast to recent observations by Chandler & Richer (2001) of the HH 211 jet, where SiO traced primarily internal working surfaces and was less extended than the CO. Our results are consistent with prompt entrainment at the leading edge of the IRAS 2A bowshocks.


Within the new EC-Guideline, Clostridium perfringens plays a more important role, replacing the sulphite-reducing anaerobic sporeformers by a taxonomically accepted entity as one of the key-indicators for microbiological quality of drinking water. Culturing procedures, its natural and potential habitats, the question of sporulation as well as the role in human disease are reviewed. The use of Clostridium perfringens as an indicator - with special regard to protozoal contamination of water - is reviewed and discussed. Furthermore the available methods for detection of Clostridium perfringens in water, especially the recommended mCP method, are described.


We examine the excitation of transverse (kink) and longitudinal (sausage) waves in magnetic flux tubes by granules in the solar photosphere. The investigation is motivated by the interpretation of network oscillations in terms of flux tube waves. We model the interaction between a granule, with a specified transverse velocity, and a vertical flux tube in terms of the Klein-Gordon equation, which we solve analytically as an initial value problem for both wave modes, assuming the same external impulse. The calculations show that for magnetic field strengths typical of the network, the energy flux in transverse waves is higher than in longitudinal waves by an order of magnitude, in agreement with the chromospheric power spectrum of network oscillations observed by Lites, Rutten, & Kalkofen. But for weaker fields, such as those that might be found in internetwork regions, the energy fluxes in the two modes are comparable. This result implies that if there are internetwork oscillations in magnetic flux tubes, they must show the cutoff periods of both longitudinal and transverse modes at 3 minutes and at 7 minutes or longer. We also find that granules with speeds of about 2 km s-1 can efficiently excite transverse oscillations in frequent short-duration (typically 1 minute) bursts that can heat the corona.


Strategies to strengthen referral from primary care to secondary care in lowand middle-income countries The Asia Paci�ic Observatory on Health Systems and Policies is a collaborative partnership which supports and promotes evidence-based health policy making in the Asia Paci�ic Region. Based in WHO's Regional Of�ice for South-East Asia, it brings together governments, international agencies, foundations, civil society and the research community with the aim of linking systematic and scienti�ic analysis of health systems in the Asia Paci�ic Region with the decision-makers who shape policy and practice.


Medical treatment and sanitation concerns public health,human resource and social justice,while the medical treatment reform has been remaining controversial and orientation of development unclear.Based on theoretical analysis,this article analyses the possibility and necessity of multiple supply in medical treatment and sanitation products,points out what responsibility the government should assume and what position the government should take in medical treatment and sanitation services


THOMAS HENKER is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. N Ž umerous studies Henker and Martin 1998 ; Park and Staum 1998 ; Billingsley and Chance . 1996 have focused on the advantages of holding commodity trading Ž . advisors CTAs or hedge funds in addition to traditional asset classes in a portfolio. Sources of these advantages are relatively high returns over commonly used time periods in the 1990s and a low correlation of hedge fund and CTA index returns with traditional stock and bond portfolios. Because hedge fund indexes are usually not tradable, this article evaluates the reduction of the considerable idiosyncratic risk of individual hedge funds when they are held in portfolios. This reduction of risk achieved in hedge fund portfolios is due to the heterogeneous return characteristics of the hedge funds comprising a hedge fund portfolio. This article uses individual hedge fund performance of funds included in the Evaluation Associates CapŽ . ital Management EACM 100 index over 69 months to assess the diversification benefits. Monte Carlo simulation is used to randomly select funds from the fund sector population without replacement. The diversification results rely on the assumption that sample fund performances and covariances are representative for the larger population of hedge funds. DATA


Disclosed is an Au alloy bonding wire which is low in electrical resistance for an Al electrode of a semiconductor device, while being improved in bonding reliability. Also disclosed is a semiconductor device which is connected with an Al electrode pad by such a wire. Specifically disclosed is a gold alloy bonding wire which is characterized by consisting of 0.02-0.3% by mass of Ag, 10-200 ppm by mass of at least one of Ge and Si in total and/or 10-200 ppm by mass of at least one of Al and Cu in total and the balance of Au. Also specifically disclosed is a semiconductor device which is connected with an Al or Al alloy electrode pad by such a gold alloy bonding wire.


The crack gas compressors are the core equipment of the ethylene plant,whose smooth start plays an important role in the whole plant's start-up process.In traditional start-up process,the crack gas compressors start with the crack gas,which is replaced by other working mediums in recent years,such as nitrogen,natural gas or mixed hydrocarbon.Due to the impossibility to test on the equipment,the chemical engineering simulation technology has become the important tool to solve these problems.In this paper,according to the "steady-state/dynamic/start-up" method,a steady-state simulation model of crack gas compressors is built,and the steady-state operation parameters of the crack gas,nitrogen and mixed hydrocarbon were determined.Then,the steady-state model was converted to the dynamic model.At last,the safety and feasibility of transformation process between various working conditions were verified.


Angiotensin II is known to activate T-cells via the AT1-receptor. T-cells also possess AT2-receptors (AT2Rs). However, the functional role of AT2Rs in T-cells has not been investigated.
 This study tested the hypothesis that AT2R stimulation modulates T helper (Th) cell differentiation. For this purpose, naïve T-cells were isolated from spleen and lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice, sorted, polarized in vitro under Th0, Th1, Th17 and regulatory T-cell (Treg) conditions and simultaneously treated with the AT2R agonist C21 (1μM) or vehicle for 4 days.
 24 hours after the last treatment, expression of cytokines characteristic for pro-inflammatory Th1 cells (IFNγ) and Th17 cells (IL-17), or anti-inflammatory Treg (FoxP3) were determined on mRNA (qRT-PCR) and protein (FACS analysis) level.
 AT2R stimulation during polarization of naïve T-cells decreased mRNA levels of IFNγ (in TH1 polarized T-cells: 2.2±0.4x105 [vehicle] versus 0.1±0.001x105 [C21] fold increase; p<0.05), IL-17 (in TH17 polarized T-cells; 572.1±149.0 [vehicle] versus 296.1±54.4 [C21] fold increase; p<0.05) and increased mRNA levels FoxP3 (in Treg polarized T-cells: 101.9±16.1 [vehicle] versus 342.5±12.4 [C21] fold increase; p<0.05).
 Similar results were obtained for protein expression of IFNγ (6.5±0.5x105 [vehicle] versus 4.0±0.7x105 [C21] cells; p<0.05), IL-17 (1.2±0.1x105 [vehicle] versus 0.9±0.1x105 [C21] cells; p=0.06 and FoxP3 (1.5±0.5x105 [vehicle] versus 3.7±0.6x105 [C21] cells; p<0.05).
 From our data we conclude that AT2R stimulation modifies T-cell differentiation resulting in a composition of T-cell subsets with less pronounced pro-inflammatory properties.


The au tonomic nervous sys tem i s v i ta l for homeostasis and its potency is gradually reduced wi th increas ing age (1 ) . Because ANS faci l i ta tes adaptat ion to physiological s t ress , au tonomic insuf f ic iency in e lder ly may not manifest itself under normal resting condi t ions , ye t may occur in response to changes in homeostasis (2). In old age though both sympathetic and parasympathetic are affected but parasympathe t ic invo lvement appears to be more frequent than sympathetic (1).


INTRODUCTION Zadar is a small town situated at the middle of Croatian part of east Adriatic coast. Its convenient geopolitical position, as well as its indented coast contributed to its imposition as an important cultural and political center of Dalmatia throughout the rich history of Croatia. Its university tradition is centuries-old and begins with ecclesiastical education first mentioned in 10 century. In 2002, the University of Zadar was founded and a base of contemporary University is faculty of Philosophy, Teaching College, as well as Dominican university. Due to its geographical position on the crossroads of Western and Eastern Europe, Croatian had a significant role in European history and culture, with a strong influences of Latin as well as Byzantine cultures. The corpus of Croatian Mediaeval literature is therefore written on three scripts – Glagolitic, Latin and Bosnian variant of Cyrillic scripts, called bosanica, and in three languages – Church Slavonic, Croatian redaction of the Church Slavonic language and Latin (Hercigonja, 1999, 2009). Although Glagolitic script was in use in several other countries, it is only in Croatia that it took angular form, used also for the first Croatian printed books, as early as in 1483. The most important Mediaeval written heritage in Croatia is written on Glagolitic and Latin scripts, and an important part of that corpus is nowadays part of collections of heritage institutions in Zadar. In accordance with current interdisciplinary trends in cataloguing, research and communication of cultural heritage in digital age, the interdisciplinary scientific project Digitization, bibliographic description and research of texts written on Glagolitic, Croatian Cyrillic and Latin scripts until the end of 19 century in Zadar and Šibenik area is being carried out at the University of Zadar in co-operation with Vestigia Manuscript Research Centre of University of Graz, Austria. The goals of the project are: (1) digitization of old and rare books written on Glagolitic, Croatian Cyrillic and Latin scripts, primarily manuscripts (2) Machine readable cataloguing based on existing printed catalogues, making of inventory lists, registration and inclusion of Croatian manuscript and early print, primarily Glagolitic, collections in Croatian and European portals of written heritage. This goal includes the research in the field of information sciences, by focusing on research of standardization of bibliographic description of manuscripts and early prints and their digitization, and in the fields of digital humanities and humanities user needs. In order to achieve this goal, the project connects also to national project Production, publishing and maintaining national cataloguing rules: 2014-2016. This goal became the major goal, as research in semantic web, linked open data and other standards of publication of data, as well as research data are


Exchange of 2PPh3 for Fe(η-C5H4PPh2)2 ( dppf ) in RuCl (PPh3)2(η-C5H5) (80°C, 16 h) afforded RuCl ( dppf )(η-C5H5), which was converted into the corresponding hydride and 1,2-bis( methoxycarbonyl )vinyl derivatives. Crystals of RuH ( dppf )(η-C5H5) are triclinic, space group Pī with a 14.392(3), b 20.175(5), c 12.379(2)Ǻ, α 105.02(2),β 109.73(2),γ 96.56(2)° and Z 4. The structure was refined by a blocked-matrix least-squares procedure to R 0.055 and Rw 0.056 for 3917 reflections with I ≥ 2.5σ(I).


The NHS is 20 years behind the private sector in its use of technology, and a long way behind many of its doctors and patients. Now there are plans for a dramatic catch up. But will it work? Stephen Armstrong reports


Gramicidin S is a naturally occurring antimicrobial cyclic peptide. Herein, we present a series of cyclic peptides based on gramicidin S that contain an azobenzene photoswitch to reversibly control secondary structure and, hence, antimicrobial activity. 1H NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed a β‐sheet/β‐turn secondary structure for the cis configuration of each peptide, and an ill‐defined conformation for all associated trans structures. The cis‐enriched and trans‐enriched photostationary states (PSSs) for peptides 1–3 were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus to reveal a clear relationship between well‐defined secondary structure, amphiphilicity and optimal antimicrobial activity. Most notably, peptides 2 a and 2 b exhibited a fourfold difference in antimicrobial activity in the cis‐enriched PSS over the trans‐enriched equivalent. This photopharmacological approach allows antimicrobial activity to be regulated through photochemical control of the azobenzene photoswitch, thereby opening new avenues in the design and synthesis of future antibiotics.


............................................................................................................... xiii Statement of Originality ...................................................................................... xv .............................................................................................. xvii ............................................................................... xix Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Literature review ...................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Acoustic emission .................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Impregnated diamond drilling ............................................... 12 1.2.3 Pattern recognition ................................................................. 21 1.2.4 Rock drilling studies and AE ................................................. 25 1.3 Shortcoming of previous contributions .................................................. 27 1.4 Objectives and thesis overview .............................................................. 28 1.5 References .............................................................................................. 30 Experimental Methodology ............................................................. 37 2.1 Experimental setups ............................................................................... 37 2.1.1 Echidna drilling rig ................................................................ 37 2.1.2 Cerchar apparatus .................................................................. 38 2.1.3 AE system .............................................................................. 38 2.2 Experimental procedure ......................................................................... 39 2.2.1 Drilling tests ........................................................................... 39 2.2.2 Abrasivity tests ...................................................................... 41 2.3 References .............................................................................................. 41 Acoustic emission analysis for rock–bit interactions in impregnated diamond drilling ....................................................................... 45


This study examines the "LAW OF TALAK ON HAID WOMEN ACCORDING TO THE FOUR MAZHAB IMAMS". In more detail, discussing Divorce is a law that is prescribed for a couple who is no longer possible to maintain a good family relationship. This divorce opportunity can be chosen by the husband by paying attention to the procedures and procedures that are in accordance with Islamic law. There are several laws that scholars are not coherent and have different opinions, especially regarding the concept of divorce in terms of time. This study aims to examine the opinions of four madhhab priests. The problem investigated is how the views of the four madhhab priests on the legal concept of divorce for menstruating women. This study aims to analyze the views of four madhhab priests on the law of divorce for menstruating women. This research is a research that uses a normative approach with a qualitative descriptive method, which describes the views of four priests of a school of thought. The results obtained from the discussion of this study, namely that if a husband drops divorce to his wife while menstruating, it is a form of disobedience and is unlawful and this divorce is called the wife of bid'i talak, ascribed to the forbidden heresy. Therefore, it is important to explain in this thesis the views of the scholars of the four schools of thought. About the law of divorce in menstruating women. It was concluded that according to the scholars of the four schools of thought, the law of divorce for menstruating women is haram and regarding the imposition of divorce on the wife during menstruation, there are differences of opinion regarding the iddah.
Keywords: divorce, the four schools of thought, menstruating women


Summary When tested for ability to delay estrus in female dogs. 17α-acetoxyprogesterone successfully inhibited estrus during 70-wk treatment period. When incorporated in dog feed and fed ad lib., a minimum dose of 2.5 mg kg was effective. When administered once daily in suspension form a dose of 4 mg kg was required. Histopathological examination of ovaries of treated dogs revealed inhibition of development of vesicular follicles. Bitches previously treated with 17α-acetoxyprogesterone returned to cycle, were bred and whelped normal, healthy litters of puppies. It was suggested that bitches be bred no sooner than 6 mos after cessation of treatment to insure maximum fertility. Drug was judged completely safe for dogs. The author is indebted to members of Depts. of Pathology and Endocrinology. The advice of Drs. R. L. Johnston, R. A. Runnells, and R. O. Stafford. The Upjohn Co., and Dr. R. K. Meyer, Univ. of Wisconsin, is gratefully akcnowledged.


NK1.1+α βTCR+ (NKT) cells have several important roles including tumor rejection and prevention of autoimmune disease. Although both CD4+ and CD4–CD8– double‐negative (DN) subsets of NKT cells have been identified, they are usually described as one population. Here, we show that NKT cells are phenotypically, functionally and developmentally heterogeneous, and that three distinct subsets (CD4+, DN and CD8+) are differentially distributed in a tissue‐specific fashion. CD8+ NKT cells are present in all tissues but the thymus, and are highly enriched for CD8α+β– cells. These subsets differ in their expression of a range of cell surface molecules (Vβ8, DX5, CD69, CD45RB, Ly6C) and in their ability to produce IL‐4 and IFN‐γ, with splenic NKT cell subsets producing lower levels than thymic NKT cells. Developmentally, most CD4+ and DN NKT cells are thymus dependent, in contrast to CD8+ NKT cells, and are also present amongst recent thymic emigrants in spleen and liver. TCR Jα281‐deficient mice show a dramatic deficiency in thymic NKT cells, whereas a significant NKT cell population (enriched for the DN and CD8+ subsets) is still present in the periphery. Taken together, this study reveals a far greater level of complexity within the NKT cell population than previously recognized.


Additive manufacturing (AM) is reaching a stage of development that enables high throughput fabrication of end products/devices. An important contribution to the advancement of this technology is given by the possibility to combine different materials into a single printing process or integrate diverse technologies for the fabrication of different components. Here we show how a prototype water electrolyzer can be fabricated using two different AM technologies, named selective laser melting and fused deposition modeling to produce the metallic components (electrodes) and the liquid/gas handling components (cells) of the electrolyzer, respectively. Both components are produced following a precise design which enables their perfect integration and assembly. The electrodes are produced in stainless steel which can be directly used for both the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction. However, we propose to introduce a simple and rapid electrochemical surface modific...


Reading an EEG by neurologists, to diagnose epilepsy or to evaluate pathological events that contribute to the diagnosis, is very time consuming. A pathological event of the EEG that is indicative of epilepsy is the spike and wave. The objective of the study is the creation of an epileptic spike and waves detector based on a set of matched filters to support the diagnosis of epilepsy through a tool capable of detecting spike and waves in the EEG signal. The first chapter provides anatomical, biological and physiological information necessary to understand the problem. A brief description of epilepsy and its classifications is also described, with the related pathological waveforms that can be found in the EEG. The second chapter illustrates some mathematical concepts useful for better understanding the work. The third chapter describes the dataset used consisting of 10 EEG signals and the method for identifying the spike and waves from the signals. The results achieved are described in chapter four. In particular, the average true positive rate (TPR) obtained considering all patients is 85%, with an average precision (PPV) of 67%. Then the algorithm was tested to a dataset of healthy patients to understand if it was able to distinguish between healthy and sick patients. It has also been noted that even in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) there is the presence of spike and waves. It has been observed also that the number and frequency of spikes change according to the period considered, showing an increase in the pre-ictal period compared to the inter-ictal period, with a considerable increase during the seizure. Finally, the last chapter describes some improvements that could be made and future research that could be carried out.


Although source code cloning (copy&paste programming) represents a significant threat to the maintainability of a software system, problems usually start to arise only when the system evolves. Most of the related research papers tackle the question of finding code clones in one particular version of the software only, leaving the dynamic behavior of the clones out of consideration. Eliminating these clones in large software systems often seems absolutely hopeless, as there might exist several thousands of them. Alternatively, tracking the evolution of individual clones can be used to identify those occurrences that could really cause problems in the future versions. In this paper we present an approach for mapping clones from one particular version of the software to another one, based on a similarity measure. This mapping is used to define conditions under which clones become suspicious (or "smelly") compared to their other occurrences. Accordingly, these conditions introduce the notion of dynamic clone smells. The usefulness of these smells is validated on the Mozilla Firefox internet browser, where the approach was able to find specific bugs that resulted from neglecting earlier copy&paste activities.


Environmental Education in non-formal educational spaces emerges as a tool capable of making people aware of the importance of conserving natural resources. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of a holiday camp as a tool to promote non-formal environmental education. For 5 days, a total of 19 children between 9 and 12 years old, participated in various activities held in a zoo, located in the city of Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. The research had a qualitative and descriptive character and the field diary and participant observation were used for data collection. The results indicate that the children were made aware of the importance of all animals to the ecosystem and at various times presented critical thinking about the problems caused by man to the environment. It is hoped that the activities developed can collaborate in the process of formation for change, in which people can change their relationship with the environment, not only in their daily attitudes, but as future citizens of rights who demand economic and social transformations for the conservation of natural resources.


A great need has been felt in recent years for using knowledge management that is hardly established in government organizations. Globalization in alterations and the induction of values such as contribution, citizen-orientedness and knowledge-oriented ness in modern theories of public administration and also issues such as
government-shrinkage and exertion of instead of incumbency make it necessary for government sectors to take knowledge management in government organizations; there are three main subjects: 1-Is it possible to use management knowledge in government organizations?2-Can the existing knowledge management models be used? 3-What are the components and dimensions of knowledge management in government organizations?
Finally, this article clarifies the possible restrictions on utilizing knowledge management in government organizations.


In this paper, friction between the Cube-Corner indenter and the sample surface of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) was analyzed and discussed by the experimental method, the theoretical method and the finite element simulation. Linear residua are observed on the surface of the indenter for the first time, which gives the direct evidence that strong interaction processes exist between the indenter surface and the sample surface because of strong friction and local high contact press. A simplified model was developed to correct the penetration load with the consideration of friction. Effects of friction on the penetration load-depth curves, plastic flow, surface deformation and residual stress distribution of the sample with different friction coefficients were investigated by the finite element simulation.


This paper introduced a non-isolated DC-DC boost converter with high voltage gain and low switching voltage stress for any level of input and output voltage applications. The high boost converter is designed with the concept of Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter called as modified SEPIC converter. Normal Boost and SEPIC converters were assessed and compared to the updated SEPIC converter for their efficiency. For the modified converter, a 15 V input voltage and a 170 V output voltage with 100 W output power are suitable. Moreover, for switching the converter uses lower input current and displays low voltage stress. In general, the high-gain SEPIC DC-DC converters would have a high ripple value, which would make the output voltage unstable. But in our modified SEPIC converter, the output voltage and current are steady DC values without any ripples. The study of time reaction indicates that the suggested converter settles faster than the other comparable converter at steady state voltage and current.


Coffee is a perennial crop considered one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world. By consequence, aiming at the establishment of tools to help accelerating the genetic improvement of this species, significant advances in coffee genomics have occurred in recent years. As an example, one can cite the recent completion of the complete genome sequencing of Coffea canephora, which will serve as a reference sequence for use in advanced molecular genetics, applied directly to the genetic improvement of this species, such as the establishment of genome-wide selection programs (GWS) in coffee. Recent bioinformatics analyses of complete plant genomes indicate that about 20-30% of the total complete set of genes is novel and specific to each species. That is, these genomic sequences do not exhibit any similarity with those already deposited in global databases and are commonly called "no hits". Recent concepts, called these "no hits" as "orphan genes" and postulate that the emergence of these are the result of adaptive responses specific to each species as a function of stresses and adverse conditions faced by these plants during the evolutionary process. Our work is focused on the identification and functional characterization of orphan genes from coffee, which may have a high potential for innovation and biotechnological applications. This study presents data obtained for some of orphan genes, called CcUnk (Unknown), previously identified in the coffee genome with special focus on CcUnk genes potentially involved in abiotic and biotic-stress responses. Work supported by CAPES-COFECUB, Consorcio Pesquisa Cafe and INCT-Cafe (CNPq/FAPEMIG). (Texte integral)


This paper presents the active power dispatching of microsources, as an on-line minimization problem, including electrical and heat generation costs. The use of a new algorithm: on-line cost-function based control algorithm for microgrids (OCCAM), makes it possible to obtain similar or even better solutions than those obtained using other state of the art methods like MADS and SQP. Moreover, its execution time is about one hundred times lower than the time needed by other algorithms and it can run efficiently on-line. OCCAM is based on the same principle as the famous William Occam's razor: "the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one"; its simplicity is the reason for its low execution time. It uses costs functions of microsources and heat savings (obtained by recovering heat from microsources in cogeneration installations) to determine the optimal solution.