This study, which belongs to the series new generation of infrastructure, reflects the major advances of information technology, biotechnology and nanotechnology in the development of sanitation and water resources sectors. International and notorious cases have been catalogued in compared studies with the case of southeastern Brazil, the State and the city of Rio de Janeiro. The research made it possible to identify conceptual models of ecological sanitation that approximate human actions to natural systems. The evaluation was extended to management mechanisms for water production, sewerage, drainage and solid waste systems, in anticipation of the need for addressing future challenges, such as extreme events and climate change. Finally, propositions are designed along the study, urging reflection on the range of possible choices.


Energy consumption and electrical bandwidth of reverse-biased optical modulators are studied numerically. Tradeoffs for bandwidth versus energy consumption as well as electrical versus optical and intrinsic versus extrinsic energy consumption are investigated. Enhancement of bandwidth-energy consumption tradeoff using a slow light structure is presented.


Unexpected excess current was obtained in GaAs/InAs quantum dot structures at low temperatures and low current levels. This excess current exhibited instabilities with changing the bias, and over the time. It has been concluded that the excess current is a minority injection current connected with recombination through defects originated from the formation of QDs. The instabilities are connected with unstable occupation of energy levels induced by the above defects, which depend on temperature and on the current level. Excess currents have also been obtained in annealed AlGaAs/GaAs structures. These excess currents exhibited memory effect, which was probably connected with formatin of defects during annealing.


malised ratio. Optimal cardiovascular risk assessment of patients with NAFLD remains an area of ongoing debate and uncertainty. Whilst current European NAFLD guidelines recommend that such cardiovascular screening is mandatory, they do not suggest a preferred means by which this should be undertaken. With the NAFLD CV risk score, we propose a straightforward, inexpensive way in which this may be performed. Future work should focus on aiming to evaluate our score in larger, prospective cohorts, and considering whether other relevant factors that we did not have available for our population (eg genetic factors) may further improve the performance of the score.


Abstract The two FPLC fractions from Beauveria bassiana SFB-205 supernatant, displaying chitinase or Pr1/Pr2 protease activity were bioassayed against Aphis gossypii in different ratios. The decrease of the aphid population was more significantly influenced by the chitinase fraction in a dosage-dependent manner.


Objective To determine the amount and distributing of proprioceptor in anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL) and periligamentous tissues.Thus the function of proprioceptor in ankle movement could be deduced.Methods ATFL from ten fresh cadaver ankle with ages ranging from 25 to 65(mean 48.1)years were collected.The ATFL were divided into three parts according to the bony attachments(proximal,central,and distal segments)before processing on serial sections of 20μm thickness.The slices were stained by immunohistochemical method and examined under light microscopy.The proprioceptors were counted out and classified.Results The ATFL and periligamentous tissue were endowed with proprioceptors.There was a significant prevalence of proprioceptor typeⅡand typeⅢ(P0.001)compared with typeⅠ.However,there was no significant difference in the proprioceptors density in different part of ligament(P0.05).Conclusions The proprioceptor in ATFL and periligamentous tissue are mostly composed by typeⅡand typeⅢ.It have been confirmed that the proprioceptor typeⅡand typeⅢare correlate with sense of movement and protect the joint from excessive movement.The large density of proprioceptor typeⅡand typeⅢcorrelated with stability of ankle and avoid excessive movement of ankle.


We studied extremely low interface resistance and thermal stability of the interface of NiSi/Si junctions with Pt (Ni(Pt)Si/Si junctions) based on first-principles calculation. The physical origin of thermal stability of NiSi enhanced by Pt is clarified by the calculations. Our calculations show clear difference of energies for dopant atoms of As and B between PtSi/Si and NiSi/Si. The results obtained theoretically and experimentally in this study demonstrate the dipole comforting Schottky junctions enhanced by PtSi at the interface for extremely low resistance.


This paper give a parallel bisection/multisection algorithm for solving the eigenproblem of real symmetric band matrices under distributing environment, this algorithm compute sturm sequence of symmetric band matrices by modified Gaussian elimination, and compute eigenpairs with bisection/multi-section and rayleigh quotient iteration. During parallel computing, there are little communications between processors. So it's very fit for parallel computing under distributed environment. Numerical experiments are presented for problems arising in this paper.


Introduction: Otalgia is defined as ear pain, it is one of the most common complaints with which a patient presents to ENT OPD or emergency department Aims and Objectives: To identify causes of otalgia in the ear and non-ear diseases in patients visiting the ENT OPD of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital in Tamilnadu, India. Methodology: The study was conducted on 40 patients who visited the ENT OPD of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital with an earache. Patient's details such as age, sex, complaint, causes and physical finding were recorded in an excel sheet and. The study tools used in the study are clinical examination and investigations. Result: The leading cause of otalgia was found to be non-ear diseases (60%) from the study done on 40 patients with an earache in the ENT OPD of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Dental pain was the leading cause and was to be the cause in males predominantly over females by three times. Otitis externa was the leading cause of ear diseases followed by acute otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media and by impacted wax. Conclusion: Since the last century there have been many studies to show the non-ear causes of otalgia which is caused by referred pain from other sites which are connected with the ear by different nerves, Since classifying the cases of otalgia as those caused by ear and non-ear-diseases will help in the assessment and treatment of the pain.


This research concerns a stylistic and archaeometric study of an ancient marble female bust recently discovered by the Trapani Lombardo family of Reggio Calabria (Southern Italy) and delivered to the Superintendency of Archaeology, Fine Arts, and Landscape for the metropolitan city of Reggio Calabria and Vibo Valentia (SABAP). Based on the first technical, stylistic, and iconographic observations made by the competent bodies, it is a half-length portrait bust from the Roman era, which precisely had the function of faithfully reproducing the physiognomy of the depicted subject. The research aimed to establish the authenticity of the artwork and the origin of the raw material, providing indications about the textural and compositional features and of the alteration products as well as identifying traces of any previous restoration interventions. For these purposes, after a preliminary assessment of the state of conservation of the bust using visual inspections supported by a handheld digital microscope, different analytical techniques, including polarized optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDX), carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratio determinations (δ13C and δ18O), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), were used. The results highlighted the originality of the artifact, thus remarking on the importance of the precious archaeological find to be included in the cataloging of tangible assets in the panorama of Italian cultural heritage.


BNT-BT [(0.93Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3- 0.07Ba-TiO3 ] and BNT-KNN [(0.93Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 – 0.07K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO3 ] was prepared by the solid state route using microwave process. The prepared sample was calcined at 900°C for 10 minutes by microwave process for both BNT-BT and BNT-KNN. Then the sample was characterized by different techniques, from XRD of the sample a single perovskite phase was confirmed. All the samples were sintered using the microwave sintering method at 1150°C for 30 minutes with a heating rate of 40°/min. The FE-SEM micrograph images of the samples showed dense microstructure and uniform grain size. Then the study of dielectric properties of the sample was done. The P-E loop measurement confirms the ferroelectric nature of the sample.


Mean growing season (April-September) climatic conditions in the Interior Plains of North America, as measured by the Bhalme and Mooley drought index, were subjected to the length of runs (Gold), chi-squared and autocorrelation tests of dependence. Only a maximum of about 3 per cent of the total variation in the seasonal drought in any year is explained by the previous year. Based on the results from the three tests, it can be concluded that the mean seasonal moisture conditions during the growing season in the region can be considered to be an independent time process. In other words, the series of the seasonal drought index, statistically speaking, cannot be distinguished in its sequential pattern of occurrence from a random series.


This chapter studies the effect of UN peacekeeping on violence against civilians in civil wars, proposing that peacekeepers reduce civilian targeting by making violence more costly and helping belligerents commit to giving up the use of violence. Peacekeeping missions with greater capacity are better able to stop violence against civilians. Among types of UN peacekeeping personnel, armed troops and police are best positioned and able to mitigate violence against civilians. Thus, missions constituted of greater amounts of armed troops and police should be more likely to reduce civilian targeting by combatants. The chapter presents a global quantitative analysis of peacekeeping deployments on deaths resulting from anti-civilian violence in all civil wars from 1992 to 2014. The analyses reveal that as the number of armed peacekeeping troops and police deployed to a civil war increases, fewer deaths occur from civilian targeting. The chapter concludes that UN peacekeeping missions with greater capacity and constituted of armed troops and police are effective in reducing violence against civilians.


Adaptive firing rate of neuron plays an indispensable role in stabilizing the neural system, which means that the firing rate of neuron could be adjusted adaptively within an inherent range. In this paper, two aspects of implementing the adaptive firing rate are proposed at the circuit level. First, a memristor model is used in the neuron circuit to represent membrane sensitivity. Second, the threshold voltage of neuron circuit can be adjusted adaptively to change the firing rate. Combined these two methods, the adaptive firing rate of neuron circuit is realized effectively, which is in accordance with its biological counterpart. Furthermore, the proposed neuron circuit is applied in the spiking neural network to verify its functionality, where pattern recognition could be realized. All the simulations are carried out on PSPICE.


Cooperative relay networks are inherently time- and frequency- asynchronous due to their distributed nature. The existence of multiple time and frequency offsets results in a time-varying and frequency-selective equivalent channel between relay nodes and destination node. In this paper, we propose a transceiver scheme to combat both time and frequency offsets for cooperative relay networks. At the relay nodes, the distributed linear convolutive space-time coding is adopted to achieve the time-asynchronous full cooperative diversity. This transmission scheme leads to an equivalent channel with special structure at the destination node. By taking full advantage of this special structure, fast Kalman equalizations based on linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) and MMSE decision feedback equalizers (MMSE-DFE) are proposed for the receiver, where the estimation of the state vector (information symbols) can be operated recursively and computational efficiently. The proposed scheme can achieve considerable diversity gain with both time and frequency offsets, and also applies to frequency-selective fading channels.


New computer-based approaches to the management of wastewater systems have been developed in response to increasingly stringent legislation. Technical models are now available for the simulation of the quantity and quality performance of sewerage systems, treatment works and receiving waters. In order to formulate the best optimum solutions to accord with the requirements of legislation and minimise costs, cost models now need to be combined with the technical models. This will give an integrated suite of software as the basis for a holistic appraisal of wastewater system performance. Studies are described for the UK in which detailed research studies in one catchment have provided the basis for the formulation of a planned holistic approach to a second catchment using systems analysis techniques.


The dummy atom formalism, originally proposed by Doman, Landis, and Bosnich for metallocenes, has been generalized in order to deal with any kind of π-bonding ligands and cluster faces (which can also be seen as polyhapto moieties). A modified VESCF approach has been used to derive a general force field for ηn-coordinated π-bonding ligands whose performances are comparable with those of the best current force fields for cyclopentadienyl derivatives but can be used also for μ3-η2:η2:η2 and even complex coordination modes. This approach, which can be considered a further step in the building up of a general force field for metal (carbonyl) clusters, has been tested by rationalizing the dynamic stereochemistry in solution of two classes of triangular clusters:  M3L3(CO)3 (M = Co, Rh, Ir; L = η5-Cp, η5-Cp*, η5-Ind) and Co3(η5-Cp)3(μ3-η2:η2:η2-RR'C6H4) (R = R' = H, Me, Et and R = Me, Et, iPr; R' = H).


Laboratory aspects of lessons must be given adequate attention so that inquiry, discovery and investigative thoughts could be given important consideration to aid creativity, accuracy and improve students' performance in Physics practical works. The paper investigated the effects of Error Correcting Instructional Package (ECIP) on physics practical lessons in secondary schools in Nigeria. A Quasi experimental research using a pre-test, post-test three groups design was employed for the study. The sample consisted of sixty (60) physics students randomly selected from three government colleges in Nigeria. The findings revealed that the ECIP was found to be very effective at reducing errors in physics practical works and hence helped students to improve their performances in experimental physics. The use of ECIP was recommended in secondary schools in Nigeria for the teaching of practical physics.


To reduce the time and resources single-channel communication system typically associated with collision detection, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for collision protocol to ensure a system device can always win the competition in the conflict. According to the present invention can always win the competition in the conflict apparatus comprising neither collision detector, nor requires storage resources typically used to buffer the result of the conflict. Once sent, the device also always ensure continuous transmission access. This continuous transmission is particularly suitable for high-speed access to the data access device, such as when it runs through the read head may be continuous access to data disk, a laser disk and the like.


The incidence of acute pancreatitis has increased during last decade.The two major causes being biliary calculi (50–70 percent) of patients and alcohol (25 per cent) of cases (world wide) AIM To highlight the significance of alcohol as number one aetiological factor of acute pancreatitis in south Odisha. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients admitted with acute panceatitis to this hospital were taken up for the study.60 cases were studied from june 2015 to may 2017. The data regarding aetiology were analysed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Out of 60 patients, 54 were male and 06 were female. The mean age of the patients was 33 years.  The causes of pancreatitis  were as follows: 48 (80%) due to alcoholism, 03 (5%) due to gallstones, 09 (15%) due to idiopathic causes.  Alcohol consumption is being the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the southern part of odisha.


The energy problem has gained great attention from the public in recent years. To construct a building energy consumption monitoring system is an effective way to find out the situation of the building energy consumption and go forward to make better decisions to solve the energy problem. Many related technologies and methods have been proposed, and this paper will focus on the data organization of the monitoring system. Firstly, a method to carry on data classification according to the features of the data is introduced, and then the tree structure is used for the data organization and data processing. The data is organized in ordinary tree structure in the database and on the webpages. While in data processing, it will be transformed to Binary tree. Meanwhile, the tree structure is also useful to solve the data security problem. After basic testing in the project of the building energy consumption monitoring system construction, this way of data organization has been shown to be effective.


A new adduct 4-benzyl piperidinium dihydrogenphosphate monophosphoric acid [C 12 H 16 NH 2 ] 2 (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 H 3 PO 4 , has been prepared and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. This adduct compound cristallizes in the monoclinic system, with the acentric space group P2 1 and the following unit-cell parameters: a = 13.103(3), b = 8.737(4), c = 13.620(3) Å, β = 92.38(2)°, Z = 2, and V = 1557.8(7) Å[3]. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R = 0.059 and R(w) = 0.069 using 3306 independent reflections. Its structure can be described as inorganic layers of H 3 PO 4 and H 2 PO 4 − entities separated by organic molecules. In this atomic arrangement, H-bonds between the different species play an important role in the tridimensionnel network cohesion. Solid-state13C and 31 P MAS NMR spectroscopies are in agreement with the X-ray structure. Ab initio calculations allow the attribution of phosphorus and carbon signals to the independent crystallographic sites and to the various atoms of the organic groups.


Galaxies at z ≳ 6 represent an important evolutionary link between the first galaxies and their modern counterparts. Modeling both the global and internal properties of these recently discovered objects can lead us to understand how they relate to even earlier systems. I show how the balance of cold inflows and momentum-driven super-winds can explain the evolution of the UV mass-to-light ratio from z ∼ 6-10. I then describe a model for maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium and marginal Toomre-instability by radiation pressure in dust-free galactic disks. Applying this framework to z ∼ 6-8 systems, I show how the internal ISM physics can be constrained by X-rays observations with Chandra.


This study from the Health Technology Assessment programme finds that for moderately to severely depressed adolescents who are non-responsive to a brief initial psychosocial intervention, the addition of cognitive behaviour therapy to fluoxetine given in the context of routine clinical care in a specialist mental health services environment does not improve outcome or confer protective effects against adverse events and is not cost-effective.


This working report commissioned by a leading think tank in Brussels examined the common challenges for policy-makers in four states in monitoring the Utilities sector in Europe


This article adresses the problem of literary unity as is is posed by two late eighteenth century long poems, "Aret 1783" by Bengt Lidner and Skordarne by Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna. By investigating the relations between poetry, poetics and practical criticism it seeks to document a situation in which new poems failed to achieve the kind of unity found in the traditional long poem, i.e. the epic. Instead the poems are valued in terms of their ability to seamlessly weave together diaparate material. The article then proceeds to describe the reception of these poems during the romantic period, when literary unity was primarily understood in terms of "lyric" unity. What was at stake in the fragmentary unity of these poems, wedged as it were between these two paradigms of poetics? (Less)


T title of this paper indicates, more accurately than I had initially expected, what it really is about. It is about travelers that we are talking, not about tourists. Let me try to define the difference between the two. The purpose of the tourist is to escape from reality, to find peace in some dreamlike landscape, some Shangri-La. The traveler, on the other hand, is on a voyage of discovery; it is not a dream he is looking for, but a new reality. The tourist wants to comprehend his world, encompass it, store it somewhere, preferably in his camera. The traveler is overwhelmed; he sees only a part, his quest never ends. The tourist wants to recognize, the traveler to discover. The tourist sails on a lake, the traveler on the ocean. The tourist looks for the past, the traveler for the future. Forgive me for starting with such bold generalizations. The tentative conclusion that I want to draw from them, with excuses to my dear friend Professor Herbert Rowen, is that American travelers in Holland were mostly tourists, but that Dutch tourists in the United States were travelers. In America there was something to be discovered. It was a country with an aureole of mystery, a mythological margin. A country without limits and without history, a gigantic shape in time and space. It had something unreal, and it was at the same time of current interest. It might be far away beyond the horizon, yet it was, in the belief of most visitors, the land of the future. What happened in America was bound to happen later on in Europe, in Holland. Tha t is why travelers were more involved in America than in any


It is well known that the photovoltaic have a non linear response that may change depending the insolation and the temperature, to solve this problem and to extract the maximum power from the photovoltaic system, many maximum power point tracker algorithm were made, in some cases, extracting the maximum power point is not necessary, and the respect of the load voltage is the most important thing, especially when there is no energy storage system, in this paper we present a power control algorithm for PV systems for a DC voltage regulation, The proposed voltage control algorithm has been implemented on a dSPACE DS 1104 board. The performance of the PV controller is verified through experimental results.


Abstract Proteolytic digests of α s1 -casein aggregated at pH 9.0 as indicated by gel filtration chromatography. Aggregation was eliminated at pH 5.7.


60, 1657–1663]) 6–7 h after insemination and cultured for 65–66 h. Embryos which had cleaved by 72 h post insemination were further cultured 96 h in CDM-2 (Zhang M et al. 2003 Theriogenology 60, 1657–1663) containing 0.12 IU insulin mL−1. Cleavage and blastocyst rates per oocyte inseminated were recorded on Day 3 and Days 7–8 after insemination, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA procedures with replicates and treatments in the model. There was no significant difference in cleavage rate or blastocyst rate between X and Y sperm treatments. These results indicate that embryos produced with Y sperm do not reach the blastocyst stage in significantly higher proportions than embryos produced with X sperm in this chemically defined medium + FAF-BSA. Apparently, this IVC system leads to a more synchronous development of male and female embryos than other methods of producing bovine embryos in vitro.


The main ways of kidney replacement therapy on the patient with end stage renal disease include hemodialysis,peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation,there are advantages and disadvantages among them respectively.we should make scientific decision in the medical practice according to patients,primary clause,complications resulting from replacement treatment,medical economics,quality of life,medical condition in the local region and non-medical factors in order to prolong patient life and enhance quality of life to the greatest extent.


dissection, bladder neck dissection, simple prostatectomy, bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection, harvesting of the neobladder and bowel anastomosis, neobladder anastomosis, neobladder sculpting, ureteral anastomosis. This video speci fi cally highlights the posterior dissection, bladder neck dissection, and neobladder anastomosis. The posterior dissection is unique to this procedure, because we create a plane between the bladder and the seminal vesicles and preserve the pelvic fl oor. There is also an opportunity during this procedure to spare the vas deferens and preserve fertility. RESULTS: We have performed this procedure on fi ve patients at this institution. All fi ve patients are continent. Two of these patients are hyper-continent, but improving with pelvic fl oor physical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic prostate-sparing cystectomy with neobladder is an option for well-selected patients who desire continent diversion or continued fertility. It provides a unique plane of dissection between the seminal vesicles and bladder. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE: A recent comparison tween open, semi-robotic and totally robotic cystectomy with ileal conduit (IC), demonstrated robotic intracorporeal a complex operation blood transfusion rates, complications and hospital stays. a minimally invasive approach for all kind of urinary diversions, we standardized our technique for intracorporeal IC. In this video, we describe our surgical technique, reporting perioperative, functional and oncologic outcomes. METHODS: With patient in steep Trendelenburg position, 6-trocars access was used. Ureters were gently mobilized and isolated, avoiding tractions or manipulations. Distal ureters were clipped with hem-o-lok and a terminal specimen was sent for frozen section. Cystectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy was completed, before transposing left ureter to the right side under the sigmoid mesentery. A 60 mm robotic stapler was used to congure the future IC and to perform a latero-lateral ileal-ileal anastomosis. Ureters were spatulated and, under ICG guidance to check ureters vascularity, a typical Wallace I anastomosis was performed. Two single J stents were positioned through a 5 mm trocar. The proximal end of the IC was opened and the posterior aspect of the uretero-ileal anastomosis was performed with a 3/0 monocryl running suture. The distal end of the IC was exteriorized by a Rampley forceps, together with the two single J stents. The anterior aspect of the uretero-ileal anastomosis was completed and a water tightness test was performed to prove the sealing of the suture. In this phase, camera port and right robotic arm were repositioned, in order to have a better visualization and an improved freedom of movements. Finally, peritoneum defect was closed in order to leave the IC in the retroperitoneum space. RESULTS: Overall, 61 patients with a median of 69 yr were treated. 36 patients had cT3 disease, 11 had evidence of lymphadenopathy and 2 had suspicious metastasis at preoperative imaging. Median operative time was 290 minutes. LOS was 9 days. Only 16.4% of patients required transfusion. 39.3% of patients experienced a perioperative complications of any grade, while severe complications (CD grade (cid:3) 3) occurred in only 2 patients. Overall, 50.8% of patients had a pT > 2, while PSM were reported in 1.6% of patients. At a median follow up time of 23 months, we registered a median last creatinine of 1.33 mg/dL. Only 5 patients developed a grade 2 or 3 hydronephrosis, which required nephrostomy placement in 3 cases. 3-yr OS, DFS and MFS were 52.9, 43.9 and 47.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic radical cystectomy with intra- corporeal IC is a safe and feasible procedure, with minimized blood loss, improved convalescence and reduced complications rate in ter- tiary referral centers. METHODS: Between February and June 2021 patients with history of UTUC and indication for surgery were treated by robot-assisted NU completely restricted to the retroperitoneal space using a singular trocar placement and a two-step docking without relocation of the surgical robot (DaVinci (cid:1) Xi). Patient characteristics, perioperative outcomes and short-term follow-up were prospectively analyzed. RESULTS: This analysis included 5 patients [mean age: 67.4yr; BMI: 28.2kg/m 2 ; Charlson comorbidity index 5.2]. All 5 patients had UTUC with a mean tumor size of 3.02cm (range 0.9-6.0). UTUC was thereby localized to distal ureter in 2 and to kidney in 3 cases. No positive surgical margins were noted for all patients with UTUC [1 low-grade and 4 high- grade]. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in 3 patients did not reveal positive nodes. No intraoperative adverse events exceeding EAUiaiC classi fi cation (cid:3) 2 were observed, while EBL was 200ml (range 100-450). No patient experienced postoperative complications exceeding Clavien Dindo classi fi cation (cid:3) 3a. Median hospital stay was 5.4d without any 30d-readmission. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate safety and feasibility of the fi rst entire robot-assisted retroperitoneal nephroureterectomy (RRNU) with bladder cuff. This surgical technique is easily reproducible, while surgical outcomes are similar to other established techniques. Prospective research is warranted in order to robustly evaluate its supposed bene fi ts over transperitoneal approaches. be performed with one incision compared to a multiport robotic or open technique. METHODS: A 73 year old male was diagnosed with a high grade urothelial cancer of the right renal pelvis on ureteroscopic biopsy. He then underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. He also has a horse- shoe kidney, making the case more complex than a regular nephroureterectomy. Patient underwent single port robotic assisted laparoscopic right nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff. RESULTS: A single 25mm incision was made supraumbilically for the robotic instruments. No assistant port was used, making this a true single port procedure. The remotely operated suction irrigation system (ROSI) was used not only for suction but dissection as well. The operative time for the case was 187 minutes. Estimated blood loss was 150cc. The patient was discharged within 18 hours of surgery with a foley catheter and no need for post op narcotic use. Even though there is limited space underneath the liver, we were able to work underneath the liver without the use of a liver retractor by using the elbow of our 4th arm to hold it up. We use the " Relocate " function of the SP Robot to perform our distal ureterectomy and bladder cuff portion, preventing the need to re-dock the robot. We performed multiple procedures with one incision: partial nephrectomy, distal ureterectomy with bladder cuff and lymphadenectomy. At our institution, we have performed seven robotic single port nephroureterectomies. Average operating time is 126 minutes, estimated blood loss 92cc and average length of stay is 1.8 days. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the Da Vinci Single Port robot can make increasingly complex cases even more minimally invasive. This can reduce post-operative pain, improve cosmesis and shorten hospital stay. However there is a learning curve in the use of the Da Vinci SP robot. We hope to improve our techniques and surgical approaches further to keep our procedures as minimally invasive as possible.


This study aimed to investigate how CMCA and empathy influenced on English reading comprehension through the mediated effects of self-directed learning ability and instructor credibility. A small-scale online survey about student characteristics was carried out. Data were collected from 76 college students and 65 students' responses were analyzed. CMCA showed a direct effect on self-directed learning ability and empathy showed a direct effect on instructor credibility. Self-directed learning ability significantly affected on English reading comprehension. Lastly, the effect of CMCA through the mediated effects of self-directed learning ability and instructor credibility was significantly effective. The results of the study suggested that researchers can take advantage of using teaching strategies to help students decrease CMCA and develop self-directed learning ability to improve English reading comprehension in online English classes.


Introduction. Traction power of the car is used to determine its traction-speed properties. The purpose of the paper is the calculation refinement of the car traction power.Materials and methods. The authors used the methodology of the refined calculation of the car traction power.Results. The authors carried out the comparative analysis of the refined and traditional methods for calculating traction power. As a result, the authors obtained the refined equation for calculating the traction power, taking into account the elastic modulus, the width of the contact track, the free radius of the wheel, the deflection of the tire and the tangential friction forces in the contact zone. The largest discrepancy between the curve of the vehicle's traction power calculated by the updated methodology and the curve of the vehicle's traction power calculated by the traditional method was 26.8%.Discussion and conclusions. The results of the research are useful to specialists of automobile and transport enterprises and masters of universities to compare the traction and speed properties of the various car types.


The 2011 Red River flood event was the third largest event since the operation of major flood control structures in the Province of Manitoba (exceeded by 1997 and 2009), and the fifth largest on record (including 1800s events). However, the flooding experienced on the Red River in 2011 has only an estimated 22-year (James Avenue) to 58-year (Grand Forks, ND) return period. Flooding in 2011 was the result of the second highest soil moisture index ever recorded (in 2010) prior to freeze up, lower-than-normal winter temperatures (causing significant frost penetration), high winter flows and above-average snow cover across the basin. The flood had the potential to be much more severe had it not been for favourable weather conditions within the basin during the spring of 2011. Below-normal precipitation, warm temperatures resulting in high evaporative losses from saturated soils, the non-coincident peak flows of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, and lower-than-anticipated tributary inflows between Emerson, MB, and the City of Winnipeg mitigated the potential flood peak. The floodway had been expanded after the 1997 flood and further upgrades and maintenance following the 2009 flood allowed an additional 141.6 m3/s of flow to be diverted around the city, resulting in approximately a 0.38-m reduction in the James Avenue water level. The 2011 flood resulted in the fifth highest floodway peak on record, with flood control works in both the Red and Assiniboine systems estimated to have reduced James Avenue stage in the City of Winnipeg by 3.5 m. The majority of data presented in this paper have been taken from the Manitoba 2011 Flood Review Task Force Report and the Red River Floodway Operation Report.


The anti-cracking performance of asphalt pavement affects the comfort and safety of road traffic,and plays a crucial role in long-term performance. This paper focuses on the formation mechanism of cracks in asphalt pavement in China,and the roles of different conditions on surface cracking are analyzed in detail,and finally,a number of measures are proposed to prevent cracking damage in pavements.


Abstract : This report reviews the work reported earlier in AFGL-TR-76-0170, Cloud Distributions as Indicators of Tropical Storm Displacement, by the same author, on the application of composite cloud imagery to the forecasting of tropical storm motion. Several additional techniques that were tested briefly for application to typhoon specification and forecasting are discussed and evaluated. Animations of 12-hour infrared images did not suggest anything useful within the limited time available for analysis. The technique, however, should be comprehensively tested with data of better time and spatial resolution. Infrared composites appeared to be less useful than visual composites. The increased detectability of thin cirrus clouds in the infrared masked the significant cloud features. An attempt to duplicate Dvorak's relationships between peak wind speed and the central and banding features of typhoons by compositing storms of similar intensity failed. The fine details Dvorak could distinguish in individual storms were destroyed by the compositing process. Objective analysis of satellite imagery of typhoons is seriously handicapped by the limited archive of digital data. (Author)


The article presents an example of a Europe-wide, innovative business model in the form of an I nternet store – NOT JUST SHOP. The examples of this business model can also be found in the United States. This is the first model of this sort in Europe. A similar business model is currently used in Switzerland. I ts objective is regular economic activity and seeking to make profit. This is nothing unusual. There are many companies like this. However, NOT JUST SHOP offers products the price of which includes an amount which goes to children, adults and other social groups in need. What is most important, the said amount is immediately available for the needy, not after achieving a profit. Moreover, customers of NOT JUST SHOP instantly see where their money goes and for which purpose. Consequently, there is full transparency. The presented case study is a guideline to create new innovative business solutions which lead not only to achieving profits, but also undertaking actions which are socially responsible.


220 asylum seekers and refugees potential torture survivors in Croatia, Austria and Germany were assisted and supported to overcome the consequences of traumatic experiences they had survived and were empowered towards integration in the reception countries in the scope of "Rehabilitation, empowerment and integration of asylum seeking torture survivors". The rehabilitation and empowerment program consisted of short-term Solution Focused group intervention, individual psychological counselling, psychotherapy, language courses, vocational training and other activities to facilitate their integration in local communities, including housing and job-search support. Research was carried out to evaluate the effects of treatment and applied intervention, and the influence of post-migration factors. One group pre-post design in treatment outcome evaluation was used in this research. The outcomes selected to be assessed are post-traumatic, depression and anxiety symptom reduction, the presence of physical health problems that interfere with everyday functioning, life satisfaction, self-assessed level of coping and resilience, and participants' perception of the outcome of interventions. A self-constructed 23-question questionnaire was applied, and PROTECT questionnaire, which was also used for screening purposes. The participants in this research reported a significant reduction of post-traumatic, depression and anxiety symptoms, improvement in life satisfaction, self-perceived coping and resilience when the post-intervention assessments are compared with those pre-intervention. The participants showed positive changes in assessed indicators regardless of their legal status, living circumstances and income. Steady employment contributes to the reduction of post-traumatic symptoms.


One of the issues in extracting natural language sentences from PDF documents is the identification of non-textual elements in a sentence. In this paper, we report our preliminary results on the identification of in-line mathematical expressions. We first construct a manually annotated corpus and apply conditional random field (CRF) for the math-zone identification using both layout features, such as font types, and linguistic features, such as context n-grams, obtained from PDF documents. Although our method is naive and uses a small amount of annotated training data, our method achieved an 88.95% F-measure compared with 22.81% for existing math OCR software.


The current study draws on general strain theory (GST) to explore the relationship between strain, race, and delinquent behavior. White, black, and Hispanic youth were examined to assess the effect of strain on nonserious and serious delinquency. Results indicate mixed support for GST in that indicators of strain to varying degrees predicted depression and youth involvement in delinquency. However, depression did not mediate the strain–delinquency relationship, and race and ethnicity were still directly related to delinquent coping. While white, black, and Hispanic youth experienced certain types of strain, these groups overall were not statistically different from one another.


Part I: Knowledge Dissemination of Olfactory Receptors 1. Databases in SenseLab for the Genomics, Proteomics, and Function of Olfactory Receptors Luis N. Marenco, Gautam Bahl, Lorra Hyland, Jing Shi, Rixin Wang, Peter C. Lai, Perry L. Miller, Gordon M. Shepherd, and Chiquito J. Crasto 2. HORDE: Comprehensive Resource for Olfactory Receptor Genomics Tsviya Olender, Noam Nativ, and Doron Lancet 3. Identification of Olfactory Receptor Genes from Mammalian Genome Sequences Yoshihito Niimura Part II: Theoretical Assessments of Olfactory Receptor Structure and Function 4. Molecular Modelling of Odorant / Olfactory Receptor Complexes Landry Charlier, Jeremie Topin, Peter C. Lai, Chiquito J. Crasto, and Jerome Golebiowski 5. The Electrical Properties of Olfactory Receptors in the Development of Biological Smell Sensors Eleanora Alfinito, Jeremy Pousset, and Lino Reggiani 6. A Hit Map-Based Statistical Method to Predict Best Ligands for Orphan Olfactory Receptors: Natural Key Odorants Versus 'Lock Picks' Dietmar Krautwurst and Matthias Kotthoff Part III: Expression Systems for Olfactory Receptors 7. A Robust, Rapid, and Simple Method of Producing Olfactory Receptors Using Commercial E. coli Cell-Free Systems Karolina Corin, Brian Cook, and Shuguang Zhang 8. Human Olfactory Receptors: Recombinant Expression in the Baculovirus / Sf9 Insect Cell System, Functional Characterization, and Odorant Identification Valery Matarazzo and Catherine Ronin 9. Single Cell RT-PCR Identification of Odorant Receptors Expressed by Olfactory Neurons Bettina Malnic 10. Next-Generation Sequencing of the Human Olfactory Receptors Joel D. Mainland, Jason R. Willer, Hiroaki Matsunami, and Nicholas Katsanis 11. Deciphering Activation of Olfactory Receptors Using Heterologous Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) Guenhael Sanz and Edith Pajot-Augy 12. Olfactory Receptors in Human Airway Epithelia Xiaoling Gu and Yehuda Ben-Shahar Part IV: Functional Analysis of Olfactory Receptors 13. Functional Characterization of Insect Olfactory Receptor Neurons Through In Vivo Approaches Michel Renou and Philippe Lucas 14. Functional Assay of Mammalian and Insect Olfactory Receptors Using Xenopus Oocytes Charles W. Luetje, Andrew S. Nichols, Ana Castro, and Benjamin L. Sherman 15. Pharmacology of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors Richard S. Smith, Zita Peterlin, and Ricardo C. Araneda 16. Visualizing Olfactory Receptor Expression and Localization in Drosophila Michael Saina and Richard Benton 17. Deorphanization of Human Olfactory Receptors by Luciferase and Ca-Imaging Methods Kaveh A. Baghaei Part V: Olfactory Receptor Evolution 18. Evolution of Olfactory Receptors Kara C. Hoover


Hardware simulation is a viable approach for simulation of large systems since simulation time increases rapidly as a function of the size and complexity of the systems to be simulated. A specialized single chip massively parallel array processor has been designed for use as a hardware accelerator for logic and fault simulation. This array processor consists of an array of Boolean evaluator processing elements cells with local memories and communication interfaces. A logic performance gain is achieved over software simulator implementations.


ABSTRACT While all students enter college with varying levels of digital skills, those from rural areas may face extra challenges because their own skills and those of their pre-college networks may be underdeveloped. Without some type of intervention, digital deficits can perpetuate further educational disadvantages. We developed an online learning community (OLC) in two sections of an introductory college course and integrated collaborative learning into students' weekly activities. Regression analysis of survey data (N = 373) shows three impacts: access to social support is associated with higher skill assessment and improvements in digital skills; rural status is associated with a clear and significant disadvantage in digital skill assessment; and that involvement in an OLC contributed substantially to improvements in digital skills. We conclude with limitations and considerations for future research.


The market transformations that have taken place in the Kyrgyz economy and the political crises over the past ten years have had a negative impact on the formation of labor and capital market structures. As a result, the Kyrgyz Republic becomes a "donor" of migrants, loses the most active part of the population, which leads to a deepening of socio-economic problems. The article considers the change in the average GDP growth in the EAEU countries over five years, the main indicators of the socio-economic development of the republic, the main indicators of the labor market, internal and external migration, and the structure of the disposable income of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic. The reasons are established and the economic-statistical system and comparative analysis and generalization of problems in the system of vocational education and in the labor market are carried out. This made it possible to identify and ultimately can have a positive impact on improving the socio-economic situation in the Kyrgyz Republic.


This study aims to analyze the effect of production, the population of the destination country, the GDP of the destination country, the distance between the Province of North Sumatra and the destination country, and the exchange rate of the export destination country in US $ to the value of clove export in North Sumatra Province 2011-2015 based on gravity model in the countries of Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, United States, India, United Kingdom, and Taiwan. Data analysis method used is panel data regression analysis with Random Effect Model. The results of this study indicate that the production of cloves and Gross Domestic Product of export destination countries has a positive and significant influence, the distance between North Sumatra Province and export destination countries has a negative and significant effect on the value of clove exports in North Sumatra Province. While the number of population of export destination countries showed a positive and insignificant influence, the nominal exchange rate of export destination countries had negative and insignificant effect on clove export value in North Sumatera Province.


This paperreports amethodforevaluating circular locus forourtarget tracking upperlimbtraining system. A simple device forupperlimbrehabilitation ofthesenior cervical spinal cordinjured patients isneededespecially foruseathomeand neighboring medicalinstitution, in Japan.We proposea joystick-type systemforexercising a force-based onscreen target-tracking. To measuretheperformance inoursystem, subject's error distance tothetarget wasused. Thistimedomain index isintuitive, however toodelicate tothesubject's response at thebeginning ofthetraining andweakbecause ofthevisual feedback delay. Toaugmentthescoring function, wepropose to applyharmonic analysis whichpresents theprecision ofthe markerlocusinthreemeasures. The methodistested by evaluating twocervical spinal cordinjured patients' results. I.INTRODUCTION T HEstatistics ontheageofinjury forSpinal CordInjury (SCI)inJapanisdifferent fromthose withsingle-peak pattern oftheEuropean countries andUSA.TheJapanese figure isabimodal distribution withpeaks attheageoftwenty andfifty-nine. Fromthesamestatistics, thenumber ofCervical Spinal cordInjuries (CSI) outnumbers thethoracic andlumber spine injured patients after theageofforty. Furthermore, the rate ofCSIgoesupto88%forthose agedoversixty-five. From these facts, rehabilitation forthesenior clients isascritical as those fortheyounginjured clients inJapan. Themajor problem ofthesenior population istheir lesser chance ofparticipation andweakermotivation totherehabilitation program after discharge frommedical institution. Therehabilitation intheearly stage ofpost-injury islimited andmonotony. A program thatsupports toenhance their understanding oftheir residual ability withpositive remarks on their performance canbeencouraging anddiverting. Asforpost hospital discharge, there isnotadevice that aCSIclient can takehometouseandmonitor their rehabilitation program. Furthernore, withtheclients' strong depression andthefull nursing careprovided attheir homes, thesenior clients become less interested inparticipating intherehabilitation program. To improve thecondition, itwillbeadvantageous to introduce robot andmechatronic device toprovide CSIclients withopportunity forvoluntary training andassistance for self-supervised therapy. A device that canbeusedfromthe early stage ofpostsurgery andcontinued tothechronic stage


A black charcoal from the heating of biomass with limited or without oxygen called Biochar. It is organic matter that has stable charateristics could be removed in dry land. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of biochar application on paddy fields and legowo planting systems. The Factorial Plan Split Plot Design was used for this research with two factors, namely; the treatment of planting system (main plot/S) with two stages, Jajar Legowo 2:1 and Jajar Legowo 4:1 and biochar's application as sub-plot with three level; control, 25.5 ton/ha, and 50.5 ton/ha. The research was carried out in Tanjung Garbus Kampung's Village, Pagar Merbau Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency with an elevation of ± 50 Meters above sea level. The paddy field has irrigation system for watering the crops. The biochar application and legowo planting system showed a slight significant effect on the root volume. However, the application of biochar and legowo planting systems statistically unaffected on the weight of 1000 grains of paddy crops. Therefore, legowo planting system had slight difference on the production per hectare for paddy.


In the last decades, the incidence of skin cancer has been on the rise in Europe, including Spain, and other developed countries with a mainly white race population. The increase is probably a result of several factors, including increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation, particularly during childhood. This paper reviews risk factors and primary prevention


Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical effects of spinal processes and laminae as materials for interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation in the lower lumbar spine.Methods The technique of spinal processes and laminae as material interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation was performed in the lower lumbar spine in 98 patients,including 30 cases of lumbar disc extrusion,11 cases of recurrent of lumbar disc herniation,45 cases of instability of lower lumbar spine,12 cases of spinal canal stenosis.Results 10 cases were lost.88 cases were followed up for 12~56 months.The pain in the lumbar spine and lower limb disappeared or alleviated obviously.Lumbar interbody fusion was good and the height of lumbar intervertebral space was not lost significantly.Conclusions Spinal processes and laminae as materials for interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation in the lower lumbar spine has advantages of simple operation and safty,and credibility,and good fusion.


Using survey method, the present study aims at finding out the marketing activities carried out by the retailers of leather products, the price range, which their customers prefer, factors considered by buyers while making a buy and factors which contribute to success of business. Findings indicate, customers prefer high price goods, retailers rely on price reduction and discount but not on credit facility. Customers decide on the basis of product design but reasons for success of business are mainly found to be price and quality.


In this study we address the problem of training a neural network based on data with unreliable labels. We introduce an extra noise layer by assuming that the observed labels were created from the true labels by passing through a noisy channel whose parameters are unknown. We propose a method that simultaneously learns both the neural network parameters and the noise distribution. The proposed method is compared to standard back-propagation neural-network training that ignores the existence of wrong labels. The improved classification performance of the method is illustrated on several standard classification tasks. In particular we show that in some cases our approach can be beneficial even when the labels are set manually and assumed to be error-free.


The resistance of pressure equipment is currently tested, before commissioning or at periodic maintenance, by means of normal pressure tests. Defects occurring inside materials during the execution of these tests or not seen by usual non-destructive techniques can remain as undetected potential sources of failure . The acoustic emission (AE) technique can detect and monitor the evolution of such failures. Industrial-size helium cryogenic systems employ cryogens often stored in gaseous form under pressure at ambient temperature. Standard initial and periodic pressure testing imposes operational constraints which other complementary testing methods, such as AE, could significantly alleviate. Recent reception testing of 250 m 3 GHe storage vessels with a design pressure of 2.2 MPa for the LEP and LHC cryogenic systems has implemented AE with the above-mentioned aims. Presented at ICEC'17 Conference – 14-17 July 1998 – Bournemouth UK Administrative Secretariat LHC Division CERN CH 1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland Geneva, 31 July 1998 Quality Testing of Gaseous Helium Pressure Vessels by Acoustic Emission M. Barranco-Luque , M. Cherfaoui , C. Hervé , C.Margaroli , V. Sergo 1 1 LHC Division, CERN, Geneva (Switzerland); 2 TIS Division, CERN, Geneva (Switzerland) 3 CETIM, Senlis (France)


A naplastic thyroid carcinoma is an ominous malignant condition. Few patients with this tumor survive for longer than several months. A rapidly enlarging, firm, fixed mass in the thyroid region is the usual clinical presentation. Rapid tumor extension into the larynx, trachea, esophagus, or carotid sheath often precludes meaningful surgical therapy. An interesting case of anaplastic thyroid cancer is reported. The presentation and behavior of this tumor are unusual, and the patient has enjoyed an unexpected disease-free postoperative course.


1. Smith, Anthony D., The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986, 22 29; Smith, Anthony D., Opening Statements: Nations and their Pasts, Nations and Nationalism, vol. 2, 1996: 358 365; Gellner, Ernest, Ernest Gellner's reply: Do Nations Have Navels?, Nations and Nationalism, vol. 2, 1996: 366 370. 2. Korsgaard, Ove, The Danish way to establish the Nation in the Hearts of the People, in National Identity and the Varieties of Capitalism: The Danish Experience, Eds John L. Campbell, Johan A. Hall & Ove K. Pedersen. Montreal, Kingston, London & Ithaca: McGill-Queen's Press, 2006.


I am writing to congratulate the College of Family Physicians of Canada on a very successful 50th-Anniversary Family Medicine Forum that included many inspiring high-profile speakers and useful workshops. However, I must also register my protest on the disproportionate exposure of certain companies that have poor public health track records. I will cite two examples.

I suspect that you have already received this feedback regarding McDonald's fast-food restaurants. Their very recent efforts to improve their image as more health conscious (through increased labeling of their products, expanded menu selections, and initiatives such as distributing free pedometers) can be compared with their disingenuous efforts to appear child friendly (through distribution of toys, alluring commercials, and a [proportionally small] budget for a children's charity)—something that they are clearly not, at least on a population health scale. I believe that physicians should not promote fast-food restaurants. These companies have the right to compete in a free marketplace, but they have no place at a health conference.

It could be less obvious to attendees, however, that the Nestle food company also has a dubious public health record, especially regarding the inappropriate promotion and distribution of infant formula, notably in Africa.1 In fact, as recently as 2003, Nestle published a statement that "fortified complementary foods play an important role in maintaining adequate micronutrient status of small children in developed countries and are likely to play an increasing role in developing countries in the near future."2 It is for this reason that I was discouraged to learn that during 1 day at the conference they welcomed more than 100 delegates, whereas my poster dealing with poor breastfeeding rates in Ontario's James Bay region—which unlike the Nestle booth was quite invisible in a dark recess of the exhibit hall—attracted at most a dozen. We must be careful with the information we make accessible to our health professionals, lest urgent public health concerns (such as the current 5% exclusive breastfeeding rate in Kenya) be minimized or ignored.

I sympathize with the very difficult task of balancing the need to secure funding for our national conference with the need to ally with companies truly motivated to contribute to our patients' health. I suspect, however, that considering the above information, most delegates would vote for a more frugal conference in the future.


As the development of communication technology, celular phone was no longer functioned as communication media but also as business media. This improvement could also be utilized as alternative of marketing strategy, one of it was point reward system which aimed to increase customer retention. The methology that would be used i.e. analitical analisys, literature and application design that of designing J2ME application to interact with customer. In analysis phase, several activities were: questionnaire which was spread to customer, interviewed the tenant and observed current marketing and promotion system in a mall. Information needed then analyzed as input. The input later be used in design phase to obtain the finals result in accordance with the requirements.


At the beginning of the Liao Dynasty,there was still much Matriarchy of Qidan.In the Emperor' family,the combination of the family matriarchy and court Empress' power was not only one of characteristics of relationship between mother and son in Qidan noble family,but also influenced the change of the political circumstances,which was first displayed by Taizu,Empress SHU Lv.The main reasons are her resolute character and the strong empress family as well as the filial view of the Liao Dynasty.Her steppe position thought had a profound impact on the whole Liao Dynasty.


Cooking fumes are among the most important sources of indoor fine and ultrafine particles. Exposure to ultrafine particles may cause pulmonary inflammation and enhance allergic reactions, especially in susceptible individuals. Limiting particular exposure caused by cooking may be important for these individuals. In this study, the number concentration of sub-micrometer particles and their spread during and after the frying of beefsteak were measured in a kitchen and the neighboring room. The kitchen was equipped with a modern extraction hood. The level of particles increased rapidly in the kitchen when frying was started regardless of the use of the hood. The sub-micrometer particles spread rapidly to the neighboring room. In both rooms, the main size fraction of the particles was below 0.5 μm. Continuing the extraction for 30 min after the end of frying gave a significantly reduced number of particles in all size fractions in the neighboring room.


The effort by Indonesia to exert their influence in the Southeast Asia region has been motivated by Indonesian leaders to develop a zone where solidarity is possible. The backdrop of post-colonial and Cold War context shaped this exertion into modest aspiration. Indonesia employs ASEAN into various dealings with regional affairs. The achievement of ASEAN has been its step-by-step arrangement which quite conforms its internal contrast of socio-cultural diferences among nation. This worked until the coming of globlisation which bring a various contest of interest, aspiration, and infuence. The proposition of employing UNCLOS in supporting and extending Indonesia's exertion is not very prominent. However, UNCLOS, in significant part, reflects the history of "Djuanda Declaration". UNCLOS has potential in covering the width and complexity of the reality of archipelago. The case for UNCLOS is based on revisit into institutional framework of "national security" and the rearticulation of provision of UNCLOS as important part of this framework.


Imaging fulfills a crucial role in the work-up of patients with head and neck cancer, with its main tasks focusing on lesion characterization, staging, treatment planning and prognosis, as well as treatment follow-up. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) measures differences in water mobility in the different tissue microstructures, which is influenced by cellular and vascular size, shape and density, as well as cellular membrane integrity. As such, the technique has the potential to differentiate tumoral tissue from normal tissue, inflammatory tissue and necrosis. Although DWI acquisition and evaluation still lacks standardization, the technique is rapidly developing and continuing to progress into clinical practice. This article aims to give an overview of the current use of DWI in head and neck cancer and discuss the (future) clinical applications.


Biosensor is one of the powerful and innovative technology used in the number of fields. It is a device which converts the biological response to the electrical signals. Various chemical substances are detected by using biosensors. It is used to monitor the presence of products, enzymes, by-products etc. It is effectively applicable in the field of agriculture as well as food science and technology and many other fields like food safety, defense, environmental monitoring, biomedical etc. Different types of biosensors are there for the target detection. Various types of biosensors being used such as enzyme-based biosensors, thermal biosensors, electro chemical biosensors and so on. Hence, specific biosensors are available to detect specific target substances. Maintaining quality of the food has become the major concern in food industry. The quality of food is mostly depending on microbial load. Hence, microbial biosensors are used in food industry to detect the presence of microorganisms and also different chemical compounds like methane and ammonia. Biosensors monitor the process of food products and maintain its quality throughout the process. In the field of agriculture, biosensors play a vital role by reducing the wastage of crops during harvesting and post harvesting. Pesticides also can be detected by using microbial biosensors have a wide scope in food packaging. The different sensors such as temperature sensors, leakage sensors are utilized during smart packaging which helps to maintain the food quality until it reaches to the consumer.  It is utilized in smart packaging to keep the freshness and quality of food products. Nanosensors also have a huge scope in food packaging because it is helpful in determination of contaminants, microorganisms, and pollutants to achieve the freshness of the food products. Hence, biosensors have a wide scope in the field of agriculture as well as food safety and quality. Biosensor is an emerging technique in the field of food safety and standards.


By constructing a dynamic panel data model,this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the relationship between heterogeneity,credit decision and monetary policy transmission of 28 major urban commercial banks in China over the period from 2004 to 2010 with the System-Generalized Method of Moments.The results show that profitability,capital level and deposit can play a significant supporting role in bank lending;however,a strong inertial expansion can be seen in their credit lending,at the same time the risks are not efficiently under control and the management capabilities on liquidity are obviously insufficient.Those of them with advantages on profitability,deposit scale and risk control can better adjust their bank lending and reduce the negative shocks from monetary policy.


We review our theoretical and experimental work on functional optical devices based on planar photonic crystals. Beside standard photonic applications, these structures can also be used as building blocks of quantum networks.


Given a group of publications, we investigate the problem of identifying the papers with the most impact on others. We refer to these papers as influential in the sense that they introduce new concepts and language that will affect how future articles are written. In this paper we propose weighted PageRank algorithm that uses textual information from articles and information from citation graph to rank the impact of publications, then we automatically summarize these publications and extract important keywords. We show that using our algorithm outperforms default citation-based techniques in ranking influential papers (those which won best paper award) with no less than 2% in F1-score and NDCG. We also show that our algorithm outperforms previous graphbased keyword extraction techniques with no less than 1.5% in F1-score.


Abstract : Recent evidence suggests that the rise in breast cancer rates reflects increased exposure to and bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants, such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with DMBA develop mammary (breast) tumor by about 15 weeks. Mere experiments were proposed to elucidate the roles of the aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) and estrogen receptors and the c-myc oncogene. Changes in the expression and function of these genes in normal and malignant tissue, and the regulation of any altered phenotype would be evaluated. Towards these goals, inappropriate activation of the NF-kB/Rel family of factors, which regulates c-myc expression, has been discovered in the rat breast neoplasias. Furthermore, NF-kB/Rel serves as a survival factor for breast cancer cells in vitro. Work, in progress, to address the temporal relationship between expression of these various genes and neoplastic transformation of mammary cells, has shown NF-kB/Rel activation precedes tumor formation. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for aberrant regulation of c-myc expression in breast cancer and for new therapeutic approaches.


Existing criminal and penal laws provide a wide range of application possibilities of compulsory treatment to the persons who committed the crime and in need of treatment for alcoholism and drug addiction, but these opportunities are severely limited. Analyzes the novel art. 72.1, which is included in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Federal Law of 25.11.2013 № 313-FZ. The author comes to the conclusion that returning to criminal laws treat individuals suffering from alcoholism or drug addiction, it is a coercive medical measures.


Nowadays the Internet has entered various aspects of human life. Seen from the concept of e (electronic), such as e-government, e-commerce, e-news etc. Regarding internet business, obviously very influential on the business environment. Every business that wants to develop must be connected through the internet to be able to reach consumers who spend more time in cyberspace. The list of successful companies in the world is also dominated by communication technology business people connected to the internet, such as Google, Facebook, Microsoft and Apple. Internet of Things (IoT) is a busy term but still lacks understanding. Until now, there is no standard definition of the Internet of Things, in short, IoT is communication between objects through networks such as the internet. Some of the big companies that are working on IoT include Intel, Microsoft, Oracle, etc. The vision of the Internet of Things itself is that the Internet extends to the real world and integrates with everyday objects, both can be controlled from a distance or a distance and is not limited by space and time. Current predictions, IoT will become "the next big thing" in the world of information technology, because it offers a lot of potential that has not been explored. The method used in this Internet of Things technology is wireless or automatic control without knowing distance. The implementation of IoT also follows the wishes of the application developers for example determining the control room, access distance that can be controlled, network speed and other requirements. IPv6, 4G and Wimax technology can help the implementation of IoT be more optimal and enable a wider coverage area. The implementation of IoT in Indonesia so far has been realized through several products from several operators, one of which is Speedy Monitoring provided by PT. Telkom which functions as a facility of capture, recording and monitoring the condition of a particular room or area by utilizing an IP Camera that is connected to the Speedy network. In terms of the benefits of IoT has many benefits that help human activities, but in terms of regulation, IoT especially in Indonesia does not yet have the latest regulatory system (Positive Law). At present there are also IoT devices that use the access concept of Permanent Roaming, which directly occupies the operator network in Indonesia. Therefore it is necessary to study the Indonesian IoT industry and also business analysis related to the implementation and planning of IOT in other countries.


Most chemical weathering indices assume aluminium is an immobile element. However, eluvial processes in many soils and palaeosols are responsible for the movement of aluminium, in the form of layer lattice silicates of submicron size, from the surface to horizons lower in the profile. Application of commonly used indices to such soils and palaeosols leads to the inaccurate conclusion that A horizons are less weathered than B horizons. The problem is illustrated with reference to two soils, one formed in feldspathic sandstone, the other in a granite, and a chronosequence of five soils formed in Quaternary alluvium. A new index based on resistant heavy minerals in the 20–90 μm fraction is proposed: WR = [(CaO + MgO + Na2O)/ZrO2] (molecular proportions) where ZrO2 is a measure of zircon. Several other minerals may be substituted for zircon depending on abundance and degree of alteration as detected by scanning electron microscopy. Their concentrations can be determined by elemental measurements, for example ...


The present article addresses the question of whether, and to what extent, critical thinking should make attunement to current social and political landscapes central to its practice. I begin by outlining what I consider to be the basic positions in the debate about the political contextualisation of critical thinking, which are referred to as the crypto-Enlightenment and the critical pedagogical models. I argue, on the basis of various strands of research, that there is a prima facie case to be made in favour of the critical pedagogical position that favours forefronting the social and political context of critical thinking and thinking in general. I then draw attention, however, to problems of coherence and justification in the critical pedagogical position, before turning, finally, to an alternative grounding of critical thinking that takes seriously the historical and social contextualisation of thinking without the coherence problems of critical pedagogy. My conclusion is that while the critical pedagogical model is right to point to the fatal incompleteness of Enlightenment-style critical thinking due to its failure to properly acknowledge the norm-saturated nature of historical consciousness, critical pedagogy itself fails to offer a coherent alternative to the problem of integrating value and rationality in a more full-blown grounding of critical thinking. I suggest that a hermeneutical model that integrates the rational, axiological and historical moments in consciousness provides a more satisfying foundation for understanding the trajectory and purpose of critical thinking.


We investigate the bulk topological proximity effect in multilayer hexagonal lattice systems by which one can introduce topological properties into a system composed of multiple trivial layers by tunnel coupling to a single nontrivial layer described by the Haldane model. In a multilayer system arrangement of different layers can significantly affect its properties. This mechanism is relevant for the bulk topological proximity effect leading to complex behavior like the emergence of dark states. The response of a trivial system to the proximity of a topological insulator appears to be highly nonlocal, in contrast to the proximity effect observed in context of superconductivity. Furthermore, for a wide range of parameters our system is semimetallic with multiple Dirac points emerging in the Brillouin zone.


Abstract This book is a comprehensive thesis on drug stability. All areas of stability (including chemical, physical, and regulatory) have been extensively discussed and illustrated with copious examples. The book is well written and the chapters flow nicely together. Chapter 1 provides an historical background and presents clear definitions of the terminology that is used today. In many books the introductory or overview chapter is oftentimes overlooked by readers. For the subject of drug stability, however, where a plethora of terminology is used, this overview chapter is a significant contribution. The terms that are used in latter parts of the book are clearly delineated for the reader, and confusion is avoided.


The work of five artists who participated in a "Art and Technology" panel at the Twelfth International Sculpture Conference is discussed in this article. Much of the work is experimental and outside the traditional exhibition context. It employs contemporary technologies, tools and materials.


The widespread use of photovoltaic (PV) systems may create voltage rise problem in future distribution system. In this paper, coordinated control of consumer controllable load, Heat Pump Water Heaters (HPWH), has been proposed to provide an acceptable voltage range in the future distribution system with large penetration of PV systems. HPWH is selected as controllable load due to its large thermal energy consumption and flexibility in operating time. Central controller placed at distribution substation controls the node voltage within acceptable limit by coordinately controlling the power consumption of HPWH while ensures customer convenience without hot water shortage. Optimal control parameters that determine HPWH power consumption are found and most appropriate time-varying power consumption for HPWH is obtained from maximum node voltage and HPWH characteristics. The effectiveness of proposed coordinated load control method has been verified in a model of the future residential distribution system in Japan.


In the past, pervasive systems have concentrated largely on integrating contextawareness for supporting application adaptations to suit user activities. However, with the increase complexity of pervasive computing applications and their requirements, there is also a need for more autonomic functionalities in the communication infrastructure to support this complexity. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical architecture based on active nodes, which maximizes the computational capabilities of various nodes within the pervasive computing environment, to support both pervasive user applications as well as autonomic functionalities within the communication infrastructures. The migratable active node architecture employs various decision-making processes for evaluating a rich set of context information.


Unique knowledge and proprietary innovations are key to the competitive advantages on which most multinational enterprises (MNEs) are expected to base their initial international expansion. Moreover, their subsequent fortunes and survival typically depend on MNEs' continued ability to upgrade and renew these advantages, as competition, imitation, and environmental change erode the value of existing ones. This chapter reviews key literatures around the nature, management, and effects of knowledge creation in MNEs. The chapter centers on the processes through which geographical patterns of international R&D have evolved, along with the structures, systems, and procedures through which MNEs have sought to govern and coordinate these activities. Finally, the chapter offers a summary and critique of the way that much of the inherited literature has portrayed and interpreted the strategic knowledge creation process in MNEs.


When divorce terminates a marriage, the children of the marriage lose a fundamental cornerstone to their world of happiness and security. The law recognizes the welfare of such children to be of paramount importance. The court makes custody orders which it considers to be the best for the children under the circumstances. It is proposed that the law should move towards instilling in parents a greater sense of responsibility for their children by embracing the concept that parenthood is for life and that parenthood entails heavy responsibilities. Today, England has replaced the concept of custody orders with parental responsibility. As a consequence of the English Children Act, both parents with parental responsibility continue to be involved in the child's life regardless of the breakdown of the marital relationship. This article discusses recent cases on custody orders as well as the direction Singapore should take with respect to custody orders and parenting responsibilities.


In this paper we review criteria and methods for short-term reliability assessment and provision underlying current industry practices. The basic conclusion is that these approaches do not meet the quality of service requested by the regulators on behalf of the consumers. Reasons for this situation are complex, and a result of both regulatory and technical limitations. In this paper we use simple examples to illustrate the rationale for this claim and its implications. Particular stress is on the criteria (standards) and tools used by a system operator. We illustrate on a small example what one can and cannot expect from specific approaches. In the later part of this paper we suggest possible changes in the paradigms governing the relationship between the provider(s) of reliable service and its users. Under the new paradigm, the reliability responsibilities are clearly decomposed into reliability provision by suppliers and wire companies, with verifiable reliability-related products seen by the customer. We furthermore conjecture that this framework can only be implemented in a regulatory setup that nurtures performance incentives.


The microstructure feature of the copper wire and the melted bead and trace in several condations of simulated test were analyzed in this paper. The results reveal that the microstructure of the single wide copper wire melted bead and trace in the fire burned and second short circuit is different from the first short circuit and over load and poor contact. It would provide reference evidence for the fire disaster cause appraisal . But for the copper formed of more thin wire, there are all columnar crystal and equiaxle crystal and small recrystal pellet in the microstructure of copper wire melted bead and trace in the fire burned and second short circuit and in the first short circuit and over load and poor contact. So it wouldn't provide reference evidence for the fire disaster cause appraisal .


Objectives: Peritonsillar abscesses are a common otolaryngological emergency. Needle aspiration and incision and drainage are the two main treatment modalities currently used. The effectiveness of one versus the other remains an area of debate among otolaryngologists. The objective of this review is to recognize whether needle aspiration or incision and drainage is the superior treatment for peritonsillar abscesses. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library); PubMed; EMBASE; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; and Google Scholar for relevant English studies. Selection criteria were applied to limit the review to randomized controlled trials comparing needle aspiration to incision and drainage in humans over the age of 12 years. The primary outcome studied was abscess recurrence rate. Results: Five studies were identified which compared needle aspiration to incision and drainage. All were of poor quality with no paper having a Jadad score above 2. One study reported a higher recurrence rate with needle aspiration and four no obvious difference in recurrence rate between the two techniques. Meta-analysis was inappropriate. Conclusions: Currently, there is insufficient evidence to determine which if any of the two treatments is superior. A sufficiently powered, well-designed randomized controlled clinical trial is required to compare the effectiveness of needle aspiration with incision and drainage for the treatment of peritonsillar abscesses.


In the early fourth century B.C., Plato founded his famous Athenian school, the Academy. Among the students who came to study there were two women, Axiothea of Phlius, who wore men's clothes, and Lasthenia of Mantinea. In five dialogues, inspired by those of Plato, C. D. C. Reeve imagines these women in conversation with one another, with Plato himself, and with their fellow Academician, Aristotle. The topics they discuss--women, art, justice, freedom, and the nature of reality--are all drawn from Plato's Republic . Their lively exchanges, which quickly engage the reader, are at once an exciting and accessible introduction to some of Republic's central themes and an exploration of some of the most controversial questions we face in trying to make sense of our complexly shared lives.


Studies on cone-convexity of optimal multifunctions in vector optimization are given. Under the convexity assumptions we present conditions guaranteeing a continuous behaviour of the optimal multifunctions.


Context. The Jacobi virial equation is a very powerful tool for exploring several aspects of the stellar internal structure and evolution. In a previous paper we have shown that the function � αβ � GR/Λ 0.9 (R) is constant (≈0.4) for pre main-sequence stars (PMS), white dwarfs (WD) and for some neutron star (NS) models, where αGR and βGR are the form-factors of the gravitational potential energy and of the moment of inertia. Aims. To investigate the structural evolution of another type of celestial bodies, we extend these calculations to gaseous planets. We also analyse the cases for which this function is not conserved during some stellar evolutionary phases. Concerning NS, we study the influence of the equation of state (EOS) on this function and refine the exponent of the auxiliary function Λ(R). We also present a macroscopic criterion of stability for these stars. Methods. Non-stop calculations from the PMS to the white dwarf cooling sequences were performed with the MESA code. The covered mass range was 0.1–1.7 M� . We used the same code to compute models for gaseous planets with masses between 0.1–50 MJ. Neutron star models were computed using two codes. The first one is a modified version of the NSCool/TOV subroutines. The second code is a plain TOV solver that allows one to use seven previously described EOS. The relativistic moment of inertia and gravitational potential energy were computed through a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Results. By analysing the internal structure of gaseous planets we show that the function � αβ � GR /Λ 0.8 (R) ≡ Γ(M, EOS) is conserved for all models during the whole planetary evolution and is independent of the planet mass. For the PMS to the white dwarf cooling sequences, we have found a connection between the strong variations of Γ(M, EOS) during the intermediary evolutionary phases and the specific nuclear power. A threshold for the specific nuclear power was found. Below this limit this function is invariant (≈0.4) for these models, i.e., at the initial and final stages (PMS and WD). For NS, we showed that the function Γ(M, EOS) is also invariant (≈0.4) and is independent of the EOS and of the stellar mass. Therefore, we confirm that regardless of the final products of the stellar evolution, NS or WD, they recover the initial value of Γ(M, EOS) ≈ 0.4 acquired at the PMS. Finally, we have introduced a macroscopic stability criterion for NS models based on the properties of the relativistic product � αβ � GR.


In the universe of literature on franchises, several studies have examined the impact of franchising on economic growth, tending to focus on growth rather than development, although the empirical research has already concluded that franchising does have an influence on economic growth. Likewise, some articles have underscored the importance and influence of franchising on development, but have failed to provide empirical proof of its true sway. With that in mind, this paper provides empirical evidence demonstrating the relationship between franchising and development.


$^{\ast}$This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. $^{1}$T. Amano and R.H. Schwendeman, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 78, 437-451 (1979).


On two occasions, in the summers of 1946 and 1947, the writers had the opportunity to spend somne time making biological collections in Burkes Garden, Tazewell County, Virginia. The area known as Burkes Garden is a high, almost completely enclosed, limestone valley located in the northeastern portion of Tazewell County. Physiographically, the region is characteristic of the Middle Section of the Valley and Ridge Province, and is situated on the west side of Clinch Mountain near its northern end. Burkes Garden is well known geographically, and may be found on most maps of southwestern Virginia. From a geological standpoint, Burkes Garden is a large, oval, anticlinal valley, formed by solution of the thick (3500 feet) beds of Ordovician limestone-the only soluble rock found in the five by eight mile bowl. The valley floor averages about 3200 feet above sea level, and the mean elevation of fringing Garden Mountain is approximately 4000 feet. Dr. Byron N. Cooper has recently published a very thorough study of the geology of Burkes Gardent from which more detailed information may be obtained. Because of the limestone floor of thie valley, much of the drainage is subsurface. The chief stream, Burkes Garden Creek, leaves the valley through the single water gap, on the western edge, and is tributary to the New River through Wolf Creek. Due to the high elevation of the valley, the climate is cooler there than at any other comparable area in Virginia. Extremes in temperature over a period of forty years are -270 F. and 970 F. Rainfall is fairly heavy, and an annual average precipitation of 46.7 inches is reported. At the present time, all of the valley floor and much of the surrounding mountainsides have been cleared of forests and utilized as pasture, since the chief occupation of the residents is cattle-raising. Due, perhaps, to this deforestation, and to the fact that most of our attention was devoted to the limestone caves, only one reptile, a dead Natrix s. sipedon, was seen during both visits. The number of amphibians encountered, however, was fairly large, and several species are of interest from a distributional standpoint. No claim of completeness is made for the present list, for we feel that future collections will reveal the presence of certain species conspicuous by their absence, such as Pseudotriton r. ruber (Latreille), Rana s. sylvatica LeConte, and others.


Efficient blue-emitting isomers of bis(phenanthrimidazolyl)biphenyl derivatives, 4,4′-bis(1-methylnaphthyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)biphenyl (4,4′-BNPIB), 3,4′-bis(1-methylnaphthyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole-2-yl)biphenyl (3,4′-BNPIB) and 3,3′-bis(1-methylnaphthyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]-imidazol-2-yl)-biphenyl (3,3′-BNPIB) have been synthesised by tuning the coupling position on the biphenyl from the para- to meta-position. These compounds exhibit excellent thermal properties with a high glass-transition temperature of 152–198 °C and emit intense blue light in solution at ca. 396 nm. Because of changes in the degree of conjugation at the C-2 position in the phenanthrimidazole unit, the emission of 3,4′-BNPIB (413/430 nm) and 3,3′-BNPIB (396/426 nm) is blue-shifted when compared with that of 4,4′-BNPIB (422/450 nm) in both solution and film. The fabricated non-doped devices based on these materials exhibit blue emission at 431 nm (4,4′-BNPIB), 412 nm (3,4′-BNPIB) and 400 nm (3,3′-BNPIB), and 3,4′-BNPIB exhibits efficient performance with a maximum luminance of 39 823 cd m−2, a current efficiency of 8.01 cd A−1, a quantum efficiency of 4.85% and a power efficiency of 7.02 lm W−1.


Abstract During the second phase of the European International Project on Climatic and Hydrological Interactions between Vegetation, Atmosphere, and Land Surface (ECHIDA) Field Experiment in a Desertification Threatened Area (EFEDA) the spatial variability of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity characteristics of layers at 2–12- and 17–27-cm depth was characterized. A simplified method, based on particle size distribution and simple infiltration tests, was used. It provided these characteristics at the nodes of a 1-km grid over 10 × 10 km2 around the town of Tomelloso (Castilla–La Mancha, Spain). A total number of 78 sample points were used to address the problem of soil surface properties variability and its consequences on the monthly and annual water balance. The Simple Soil Plant Atmosphere Transfer model (SiSPAT) 1D Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) model was run with a 1-yr climatic forcing for the 78 soil profiles until equilibrium was reached. As no runoff was generated, t...


The second mining area of the second level is corroded by the igneous rock,mining is difficult.Through the reasonable mining method is applied,the difficult problem is sloved.The safety production is assured.The well econmic benefit is obtained.


We present the discovery of TOI-5205b, a transiting Jovian planet orbiting a solar metallicity M4V star, which was discovered using TESS photometry and then confirmed using a combination of precise radial velocities, ground-based photometry, spectra and speckle imaging. The host star TOI-5205 sits near the eponymous 'Jao gap', which is the transition region between partially and fully-convective M dwarfs. TOI-5205b has one of the highest mass ratio for M dwarf planets with a mass ratio of almost 0.3%, as it orbits a host star that is just 0 . 392 ± 0 . 015 M (cid:12) . Its planetary radius is 1 . 03 ± 0 . 03 R J , orbiting a main-sequence star. The large transit depth makes TOI-5205b a compelling target to probe its atmospheric properties, as a means of tracing the potential formation pathways. While there have been radial velocity-only discoveries of giant planets around mid M dwarfs, this is the first transiting Jupiter with a mass measurement discovered around such a low-mass host star. The high mass of TOI-5205b stretches conventional theories of planet formation and disk scaling relations that cannot easily recreate the conditions required to form such planets. These results are based on observations obtained with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder Spectrograph on the HET. We acknowledge support from NSF grants AST-1006676, AST-1126413, AST-1310885, AST-1310875, AST-1910954, AST-1907622, AST-1909506, ATI 2009889, ATI-2009982, AST-2108512, AST-1907622, and the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA09DA76A) in the pursuit of precision radial velocities in the NIR. The HPF team also acknowledges support from the Heising-Simons Foundation via grant 2017-0494. The Low Resolution Spectrograph 2 (LRS2) was developed and funded by the University of Texas at Austin McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy and by Pennsylvania State University. We thank the Leibniz-Institut Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) and the Institut Astrophysik G¨ottingen (IAG) for their contributions to the construction of the integral field units. The Hobby-Eberly Telescope is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at M¨unchen, and Georg-August Universit¨at Gottingen. The HET is named in honor of its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly. The HET collaboration acknowledges the support and resources from the Texas Advanced Computing Center. We thank the Resident astronomers and Telescope Operators at the HET for the skillful execution of our observations with HPF. We would like to acknowledge that the HET is built on Indigenous land. Moreover, we would like to acknowledge and pay our


A successful surgery requires a working cooperation between the surgeon, the anesthetist and the operating room staff. In minimally invasive surgery a further cooperation is essential: The teamwork between surgeon and camera assistant. Because the surgeon has to handle two instruments, he is unable to guide the endoscope at the same time. Thus the surgeon has to rely on the assistant to provide him with a proper view of the anatomical structures he is operating on. Unfortunately, in practice the team does often not have a lot of teamwork experience. Good positioning of the endoscope does not follow simple control rules, but is highly dependent on the current task and the individual surgical technique. In some cases both instruments should be in the center of the field of view, in others only one instrument is visible at the edge of the image. The paper describes how this endoscope guidance know-how can be learned from the assistant and made available to a cognitive camera guidance robot. As a result, the surgeon can rely on an assistance system, which works based on recorded surgical know-how instead of manually programmed actions.


In most cases, web applications communicate with web services (SOAP and RESTful). The former act as a front-end to the latter, which contain the business logic. A hacker might not have direct access to those web services (e.g., they are not on public networks), but can still provide malicious inputs to the web application, thus potentially compromising related services. Typical examples are XML injection attacks that target SOAP communications. In this paper, we present a novel, search-based approach used to generate test data for a web application in an attempt to deliver malicious XML messages to web services. Our goal is thus to detect XML injection vulnerabilities in web applications. The proposed approach is evaluated on two studies, including an industrial web application with millions of users. Results show that we are able to effectively generate test data (e.g., input values in an HTML form) that detect such vulnerabilities.


Single‐use technologies, in particular disposable bioreactor bags, have become integral within the biopharmaceutical community. However, safety concerns arose upon the identification of toxic leachable compounds derived from the plastic materials. Although the leachable bis(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐phosphate (bDtBPP) has been previously shown to inhibit CHO cell growth, it is critical to determine if other compounds like this are still present in subsequent generations of films for industrial application. This study compares the performance of CHO cells, CHO‐K1, and CHO‐DP12, cultured in media conditioned in an older single‐use bioreactor (SUB) film (F‐1) and a newer generation film (F‐2) from the same vendor. CHO cells cultured in media conditioned for 7 days in the F‐1 film demonstrated significantly reduced growth and antibody productivity profiles when compared to controls and media conditioned for the same time period in the newer F‐2 film. Proteomic profiling of CHO cells cultured in the F‐1 conditioned media identified differentially expressed proteins involved in oxidative stress response as well as compromised ATP synthesis. These potentially metabolically compromised cells exhibited reduced oxidative phosphorylation activity as well as lower glycolytic metabolism, characteristic of slower growing cells. Nonvolatile and metal leachables analysis of film extracts by LC–MS revealed a reduction in the abundance of the analyzed leachates from F‐2 films when compared to F‐1 films including bDtBPP, potentially explaining improved CHO cell growth in F‐2 conditioned media. Furthermore, in vitro endocrine disruptor testing of the known leachable revealed this molecule to possess the potential to act as an androgen antagonist. This study demonstrates an improvement in the materials composition used in modern generations of SUBs for safe application in the bioprocess.