Experiments scanning pedestal opacity to study plasma-fuelling processes have been carried out on the JET tokamak in Culham, UK. Gas fuelling modulations and strike point sweepings at various frequencies were used to induce periodic particle source perturbations whose effects could be seen in a multitude of measurements, including core electron density diagnostics. Combining data from divertor and wide-angle cameras (D, D and Be II), main chamber bolometer and line radiation arrays, divertor Langmuir probes as well as Lithium beam provides information of, e.g. SOL dynamics and toroidal symmetries/asymmetries. The data set with dedicated gas and sweep modulations includes ohmic, L-mode and H-mode plasmas with neutral beam heating only (0-25MW) both in deuterium and in hydrogen. Figure 1 gives a simple illustration of the experimental opacity among the discharges, evaluated at the pedestal top. Here the opacity parameter, CX, is defined as CX = (SCX/3Si)CX where CX = vth/(nSCX), vth is the ion thermal speed, n is the electron density and SCX and Si are the charge exchange and ionization cross sections, respectively [1]. In this contribution, the pedestal/SOL opacity is compared against the observed fuelling, estimated from the measured electron density modulation amplitude near the pedestal top. Comparisons between discharges of the various subsets in Fig. 1 will be shown. The delays in the poloidal evolution of radiation, SOL density and ion saturation current suggest that the typical time for the SOL to adjust to the new gas puff/pumping conditions is 20-50ms. Ion saturation current in the divertor probes follows gas puff first at the far SOL potentially indicating a recycling cascade moving towards the separatrix (~10ms). The complex interplay between fuelling, pumping, recycling and ELMs are seen to blur the link between opacity and fuelling.


To evaluate Andropogon gayanus with young animals in two seasons of
the year, under the conditions of the savanna of the Capanaparo,
between August 1990 and May 1992, it was done an experiment in the
ranch the Mercedes, Achaguas Municipality, Apure state, on five
paddocks which were loaded by 0.5 (low), 1.0 (average), and 1.5 (high)
AU/ha, respectively. Stocking rates in all the cases were established
by three heifers indicatives of weight and a young bull grazing, which
was withdrawn later to adjust the rates, to which it was taken
estimations of the weight every two months. In equal frequency there
were realized measurements of production of biomass by paddock,
coverage, and height of the pasture, and establishment of tenors of
crude protein, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, and zinc. The
highest DM offer was obtained in the rainy season compared to drought,
11 and 9 t DM/ha/year, respectively. The PC contents were 53% higher in
the rainy season (6.45%) than in the drought season (3.05%). The tenors
of Ca, Mg, and Cu in both seasons were within the normal limits and
only the P and Zn concentrations were below the critical level. The low
stocking rate had the best animal response with 836 g/anim/d in
relation to the average and high rates (613, and 652 g/anim/d) in the
rainy season.


The global methanol budget is currently unbalanced, with source terms significantly larger than the sinks terms. To evaluate possible losses of gaseous methanol to sulfate aerosols, the solubility and reactivity of methanol in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions representative of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosols is under investigation. Methanol will partition into sulfate aerosols according to its Henry's law solubility. Using standard uptake techniques in a Knudsen cell reactor, we have measured the effective Henry's law coefficient, H*, for cold (196 - 220 K) solutions ranging between 45 and 70 wt % H2SO4. We have found that methanol solubility ranges from approx. 10(exp 5) - 10(exp 7) M/atm for UT/LS conditions. Solubility increases with decreasing temperature and with increasing sulfuric acid content. Although methanol is slightly more soluble than are acetone and formaldehyde, current data indicate that uptake by clean aqueous sulfuric acid particles will not be a significant sink for methanol in the UT/LS. These solubility measurements include uptake due to physical solvation and any rapid equilibria which are established in solution. Reaction between primary alcohols and sulfuric acid does occur, leading to the production of alkyl sulfates. Literature values for the rate of this reaction suggest that formation of CH3OSO3H is not significant over our experimental time scale for solutions below 80 wt % H2SO4. To confirm this directly, results obtained using a complementary equilibrium measurement technique will also be presented.


Abstract Sodium borohydride/copper (II) sulphate reduces alkyl and aryl azides to primary amines and aroyl azides to amides under mild conditions.


The production of a film can be a mode of constituting legal knowledge. I argue specifically that my production of a non-linear, interactive, collaborative and web-based film through the "Korsakow System" (K System) invites alternative understandings of what law is, how we constitute it through interactions, and the ways in which we develop and circulate legal knowledge. I advance a less orthodox perspective of legal knowledge, namely that it is not limited to that which is found in written, state-based, and formal expressions of law. In part one, I provide the methodological and epistemological foundations for this less orthodox conception of law. In part two, I introduce the K System and present a number of its features that render it a compelling study for legal scholars. In part three, I suggest how these features render the K System a metaphor for my non-orthodox understandings of law. Consequently, the K System produces alternative legal knowledge.


Problem Investigated and the Issues The increase in China's economic and political involvement in Africa is arguably the most momentous development on the continent today. One of the more contentious issues surrounding Sino-African relations involves trade. Although Africa and China have been trading with each other for centuries, the level and intensity of their trade relationship have increased dramatically since 2000. In the process, China has become a major destination for a range of African exports as well as an increasingly significant source of a wide range of manufactured goods imported by many African countries. The trends and patterns of trade between China and Africa suggest many possible impacts. On the one hand, Africa can take full advantage of the large size and the high growth rate of the Chinese economy, to diversify the direction and structure and increase the volume of its exports. On the other hand, Africa needs to respond to the import competition and falling prices, induced by Chinese exports of manufactured goods, which may not only displace exports in third country markets, but also decimate manufacturing production in domestic markets. In response to the above research and policy issues, this research was conceived to undertake an in-depth analysis of the key features and patterns of the past, current and future evolution of the trading relations between Kenya and China. The specific objectives of this study are: Identification and analysis of the key • features, patterns and developments in the main channels through which the impacts of the growth of China are transmitted to Kenya. Qualitative and quantitative • evaluation of the nature, dimensions and magnitudes of the sector-specific and overall incidence of the impacts transmitted to Kenya over 1980-2007 or as far as the data will permit. Identification and analysis of the • sector–specific opportunities and challenges faced by Kenya as a result of the impacts generated through the growth of and economic relationship with China. Provide scenario analysis of different • "futures" in the evolution of the growth of China and the economic relationship with Kenya. Articulation and analysis of • appropriate Kenya specific and sector –specific policy responses and overall development strategies for maximizing the benefits and confronting the challenges emanating from the economic relationship with China.


Four skin samples were tacked from cashmere goats correspond-ing to four seasons. Total protein of the skin sample was extracted.Samplespotein was separated on SDS-PAGE.The gel was electrotransferred on to ni-trocellulose membrane, combined with prolactin receptor antibody and HRP-conjugated secondary antibody, acted on luminol chemiluminscent substrate,exposed against X--ray film, developed. Black spots were obtained. Accordingto the situation of the spot, the molecular weight of the prolactin receptor is 87kD. Expression quantity of the prolactin receptor is accordance with cashmeregrowth tendency.


Database integrity is one of the important research content of database security,and reference integrity can ensure the validity of the contact between database table and table,and prevent the loss of data or the proliferation of meaningless data in the database.First study the connotation of reference integrity,then give the database example used in study of reference integrity reference method,finally study the three methods of reference integrity.The first method is reference constraint,researches the operation processing method created reference relationship and reference relationship;the second method is trigger,researches the classification and function,the working principle and the means to achieve referential integrity with it;the third method is the application,researches various operating processing method of applications achieve reference integrity.


In this paper,the inherent law of equipment science and technology achievements transfer to military and civilian are deeply analyzed,combining with the transfer characteristics as well as the equipment management mechanism and system of our army.Nine transfer modes are given based on conclusion,of which four transfer modes to military are compared with emphasis.Several inspirations for equipment science and technology achievements transfer are put forward as a conclusion.


As the most flexible equipment in welding line,more and more industrial robots are used in automotive industry.Taking KUKA robot as an example,robot cell system was designed and established based on SoftPLC and the field bus.SoftPLC was employed as the main controller.PROFIBUS-DP bus was used to build communication network.Object-oriented software engineering was exploited to realize communication and control of flexible manufacturing unit of the robot.Flexibility and expandability of the control system were improved.


The problem of the impact of shock disturbance on a nonlinear system of self-oscillations of a complex structure, which
causes the action of a short-duration force with an instantaneous change in speed by a fi nite value, is considered. For
the duration of the shock disturbance, a multiple of the period of self-oscillations is used. In order to improve the state of
self-oscillations, force impact is applied.


and fibrosis in lungs. of the extracellular matrix protein latent transforming growth factor- (cid:2) (TGF- (cid:2) )-binding protein-4 (LTBP4) results in lack of intact elastic fibers, which leads to disturbed pulmonary development and lack of normal alveolarization in humans and mice. Formation of alveoli and alveolar septation in pulmonary development requires the concerted interaction of extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors such as TGF- (cid:2) , fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts to promote elastogenesis as well as vascular formation in the alveolar septae. To investigate the role of LTBP4 in this context, lungs of LTBP4-deficient ( Ltbp4 (cid:3) / (cid:3) ) mice were analyzed in close detail. We elucidate the role of LTBP4 in pulmonary alveolarization and show that three different, interacting mechanisms might contribute to alveolar septation defects in Ltbp4 (cid:3) / (cid:3) lungs: 1 ) absence of an intact elastic fiber network, 2 ) reduced angiogenesis, and 3 ) upregulation of TGF- (cid:2) activity resulting in profibrotic processes in the lung. D (7-AAD; BD Biosciences) to exclude dead cells. All sorting and analysis were performed on a FACSAria III equipped with DIVA 6.0 software (BD Biosciences). tube formation assay. as alveolar septation defects, via mechanisms involving reduced formation of reduced angiogenesis, and upregulation of


As part of the U.S. Agency for International Development technical assistance program in the Czech Republic, the Urban Institute has advised officials in the city of Liberec on policies for reforming asset and housing management procedures. The Institute conducted a series of five seminars in 1993 on reforms to improve the quality and efficiency of housing management. This report summarizes the results of those seminars and discusses specific recommendations for housing management policy reforms that the City of Liberec could adopt.


Four new species of the feather mite family Pteronyssidae are described from passerines of the family Timaliidae in China (Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces): Mouchetia stachyris sp. n. from Stachyris ruficeps Blyth, Pteroherpus garrulacis sp. n. from Garrulax maesi (Oustalet), Timalinyssus curvilobus sp. n. from Garrulax sannio Swinhoe, and T. grallator sp. n. from Alcippe chrysotis (Blyth). New data on distribution and host associations are provided for six more species of pteronyssids found in the area surveyed. Four species, M. indochinensis Mironov, 1990, P. pycnonoti Mironov, 1992, P. krivolutskii Mironov, 1992 and Ptero- nyssoides (Pteronyssoides) faini Mironov et Wauthy, 2005, are found in China for the first time; for the two latter species and for Pteronyssoides (Holonyssoides) desmiphorus (Gaud, 1952) and Timalinyssus longitarsus Wang et Wang, 2008 new avian hosts are recorded.


a temporarily softened sheet over a rigid mold and immobilizing the sheet until it rigidifies. Thermoforming is one of the most widely used processes in the packaging industry. There is a growing need for rigid packages that provide a gas barrier for products such as red meat, fresh fish, scallops, and certain nuts. Multilayer sheet that provides stiffness, moisture resistance, oxygen barrier and good interlayer adhesion is currently available for these applications. How-


In this paper, we propose an extension to mixed multidimensional constraints of the problem of state and input constrained control introduced in DeDona and L\'evine, SIAM J. Control and Optimiz., Vol. 51, 2013, where the admissible set, namely the subset of the state space where the state and input constraints can be satisfied for all times, was studied, with focus on its boundary. The latter may be divided in two parts, one of them being called barrier, a semipermeable surface. We extend this notion of barrier to the mixed case and prove that it can be constructed via a minimum-like principle involving the Karush-K\"uhn-Tucker multipliers associated to the constraints and a generalised gradient condition at its endpoints.


Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers were functionalized with HNO3 in order to introduce surface carboxyl groups. These were used as anchoring points for the grafting of metal complexes. Pd carboxylates were selected to graft Pd(II) fragments by Pd–O bonds after ligand exchange. Blank experiments conducted with non-functionalized nanocarbons demonstrated that these specific interactions occur only in the presence of surface O-groups. The stoichiometry of the expected molecular fragments was confirmed by XPS analyses, and the absence of agglomerates verified by SEM. After thermal ligand removal, Pd(II) atoms coalesced into Pd nanoparticles, whose sizes were controlled by the diameter of the supporting nanocarbons. Indeed, particles of sizes 7.2 ± 2.8 nm were observed by TEM on nanofibers and 2.1 ± 0.6 nm on MWNTs.


When I started writing about Creeley and his work a dozen years ago, it was largely to defend his short-line poetics, his ultra personal subjects, his interest in language and language theory. In 1977, after the publication of Thirty Things and Away, the need seems to remain nearly the same; the reading context, however, has changed so radically that justifying Creeley's structure and subject matter on grounds of his personal preference is begging the question. Wittgenstein. Wittgenstein's Zettel and the notion of reality and self perception. What is this self the poet trapped in the poverty of contemporary poetics (thankfully Frank O'Hara could write about paintings once in a while) must use as content, theme, albatross? Wittgenstein. Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations and the notion of knowing, and then, subsequently or simultaneously, saying: the trap, the freedom, of language-games:


Engineered tissues are excellent substitutes for treating organ failure associated with disease, injury, and degeneration. Designing new biomaterials with controlled release profiles, good mechanical properties, and cell adhesion characteristics can be useful for the formation of specific functional tissues. Here, we report the formulation of nanocomposite hydrogels based on carboxylated poly-l-lysine and synthetic clay laponite XLG in which four-arm polyethylene glycol with N-hydroxy succinimide ester (PEG-NHS) was used as the chemical crosslinker. Interestingly, the degradation of this gel could be adjusted from a few days to a few months. Incorporation of laponite XLG resulted in the formation of mechanically tough hydrogels and conferred cytocompatibility. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite could be modulated by changing the crosslinking density and laponite concentration. The feasibility of using this system for cellular therapies was investigated by evaluating cell adhesion on the nanocomposite surface. Thus, these nanocomposites can serve as scaffolds with tunable mechanical and degradation properties that also provide structural integrity to tissue constructs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1379-1386, 2016.


The present paper is part of a large scale project in Intelligence Science. The nearterm aim of this project is the increased digitalization of the analysis of human intelligence in as far as intelligence is rational. The ultimate aim is to draw up a complete and definitive map of the totality of rational human intelligence or rational thought and language. As far as the mathematical component of this project is concerned, two contributions have appeared so far, the following: 1) "The Monty Hall Problem and beyond: Digital-Mathematical and Cognitive Analysis in Boole's Algebra, Including an Extension and Generalization to Related Cases", in Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154; 2) "Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole's Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does", in Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 2, No. 4 (July 2012), pp. 243-273, including an appendix by Richard D. Gill. The present paper pertains to the linguistics branch of the project. It is concerned with linguistic cognition. The focus of this paper is on a single phenomenon, the relative clause and all its possible types. The method of analyzing the structure of rational thought and language that is advanced in this paper and applied to the relative clause claims validity on the following three grounds. First, it is mathematical and digital in the strictest possible sense. Second, the empirical data to which this mathematical method is applied are fully accessible in language. After all, all that is essential to that structure must be exteriorized in sounds or written symbols for the structure to be transported from one brain to another and understood. The structure must somehow be encoded in its entirety in the airwaves or light beams that travel to a hearer's ear or a reader's eye. And these airwaves and light beams are accessible to observation. Third, general inspiration and encouragement can be drawn from the fact that it has already been long established that the brain teems with digital activity, including in the prefrontal cortex. In sum, there is every incentive for dissecting language in search of the digital structure of rational thought and its expression in language. The design of the present paper is to demonstrate that the structure can be found.


A novel approach on identification of fault type for high voltage transmission line is presented in this paper.Under transient faults after the breaker tripping,the current of line to ground is detected from the first end,which is a small captive current for instantaneous faults and a bigger electromagnetic coupling current for permanent faults.The identification of fault type is realized by detecting current.This method is effective to judge the grounding fault type of single-phase and able to bear some transition impedance.Its efficiency has been shown by simulation results.


Mammography is the most effective procedure for an early detection of breast abnormalities. Masses are a type of abnormality which are very difficult to be visually detected on mammograms. In this paper an efficient method for detection of masses in mammograms is introduced and tested. The algorithm is inspired by binary search and was evaluated both on mini-MIAS and INBreast databases. Mini-MIAS results show that our algorithm outperforms other competing methods. For INBreast database there are no other published mass detection results for comparison, but we believe that our algorithm has good performance.


Ecotourism in the Forests and Forest fringes is managed by the Forest department (FD) along with the support of the Community, through institutional mechanisms, in this case the Women Self-help groups. The purpose being continued employment, tourism promotion and preservation and conservation of Natural resources. It is important to note here that Women have been at the forefront of not only conservation and preservation but also provided for the management of the Destinations through special purpose vehicles (SPV's) viz., Ecotourism Management Committees (ETMC's), Ecodevelopment Committees (EDC's).


We revisit, in an elementary way, the classical statement of various ``Main Conjectures'' for $p$-class groups $\mathcal{H}_K$ and $p$-ramified torsion groups $\mathcal{T}_K$ of abelian fields $K$, in the non semi-simple case $p \mid [K : \mathbb{Q}]$. The classical ``algebraic'' definition of the $p$-adic isotopic components, $\mathcal{H}^{\rm alg}{K,\varphi}$, used in the literature, is inappropriate with respect to analytical formulas. For that reason we have introduced, in the 1970's, an ``arithmetic'' definition, $\mathcal{H}^{\rm ar}{K,\varphi}$, in perfect correspondence with all analytical formulas and giving a natural ``Main Conjecture'', still unproved for real fields in the non semi-simple case. The two notions coincide for relative class groups $\mathcal{H}_K^-$ and groups $\mathcal{T}_K$ since, in $p$-extensions, transfer maps are injective for these groups but not necessarily for real class groups. Numerical evidence of the gap between the two notions is given (Examples A.2.2, A.2.3) and PARI calculations corroborate that the true Real Main Conjecture for $K$ writes on the form $\# \mathcal{H}^{\rm ar}_{K,\varphi} = \# (\mathcal{E}_K / \hat{\mathcal{E}}_K \, \mathcal{F}_{\!K})_{\varphi}$, in terms of units $\mathcal{E}_K$, $\hat{\mathcal{E}}_K$ (units of the strict subfields) and $\mathcal{F}_K$ (Leopoldt's cyclotomic units). A recent approach, conjecturing the capitulation of $\mathcal{H}_K$ in some auxiliary cyclotomic extensions $K(\mu_\ell^{})$, proves the difficult real case.


Dichorionic twins, a girl (twin 1) and a boy (twin 2), were born at 37 weeks by emergency caesarean section for prolonged rupture of membranes and fetal tachycardia in twin 1. At first they were in good condition but at ten hours of age twin 2 developed signs of respiratory distress with mild hypercapnia (pCO2 7–8 kPa) but no significant acidosis. A chest radiograph showed infiltrative changes in the right middle and lower lobes with the diaphragm apparently normal (Figure 1). Because the infant was irritable on handling, lumbar puncture was performed in addition to a partial sepsis screen. Antibiotics were given and the respiratory distress settled in forty-eight hours without respiratory support. C-reactive protein peaked at 89 mg/L on day 4 and was normal by day 7; all cultures were subsequently reported negative. Twin 1, who likewise received antibiotics, had a raised C-reactive protein and group B streptococcus was grown from surface swabs. On day 9 twin 2 became severely distressed with tachypnoea and a respiratory acidosis (pCO2 10 kPa). The chest radiograph (Figure 2) showed complete opacification of the right hemithorax consistent with a pleural effusion. In addition the nasogastric tube was noted to deviate to the left at the level of the mid-oesophagus. The infant was placed on continuous positive airway pressure with supplemental oxygen. An intercostal drain was inserted at the fourth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line and 27 mL clear serous fluid was obtained. When the drain ceased to show respiratory swings but clinical signs persisted, 20 mL of clear fluid was removed by thoracocentesis. The chest radiograph now revealed a liver shadow and bowel gas in the right hemithorax (Figure 2). An ultrasound scan, likewise indicating that the liver was in the right hemithorax, suggested that the intercostal drain was embedded in the right lobe of the liver. The infant was then transferred to the regional neonatal surgical centre with the chest drain in situ. On arrival he was intubated and mechanically ventilated. CT confirmed that the intercostal


The treatment of type 2 diabetes was revolutionized in the 1920s with the introduction of insulin. Today, insulin remains one of the most powerful tools available with which to control blood glucose. Most patients with type 2 diabetes will eventually need insulin therapy. Indications for insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes include significant hyperglycemia at presentation (A1C levels > 10% per recommendations from the American College of Endocrinology/American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists [ACE/AACE] road map) (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists) as well as persistent hyperglycemia despite diet, exercise, and maximal doses of oral agents and incretins. Initiation of insulin is often preferred over adding a third oral agent based on efficacy and expense. Insulin therapy today features the ability to choose between several different treatment strategies depending on patient needs and preferences (Figure 1) (Hirsch, 2005). Recent advances have made more physiologic, more effective, and safer forms of insulin available in the form of insulin analogs. In fact, insulin analogs have a more physiologic pharmacodynamic profile compared with older human insulin (regular, NPH) products. These changes have reduced the risks of hypoglycemia, created products with predictable time-action profiles, and increased convenience and flexibility (for example, mealtime administration 10–15 minutes before the meal). Three rapid-acting analogs (insulin lispro, aspart, and glulisine), two longacting insulin analogs (insulin glargine and insulin detemir), and three premixed insulin analogs (biphasic insulin aspart 70/30, insulin lispro 75/25, and insulin lispro 50/50) are currently available in the United States. These insulin analogs can be the focus of different treatment strategies. Basal-bolus therapy is the gold standard for insulin management today. The pros and cons of different treatment strategies are summarized in Table 1.


While the events of 11 September 2001 violated universally accepted rules, norms and institutions, US unilateralism since then has threatened the vitality of global governance. By weakening the rules, norms and institutions that constitute global governance, the George W. Bush administration has inadvertently created more room for future terrorism. What the United States and international society should do to undermine the bases of terrorism is to enhance international rules, norms and institutions. Global governance is the most effective antidote against terror.


To ensure citizen basic living needs and promote the sustained,harmony and healthy development of national economy,the growth of social security should be compatible with the level of economic growth.In social security province for example,especially weak economy in Jilin Province,the study on the relationship between the growth of social security and economic growth is of great strategic significance.Using the elasticity coefficient indicator of social security,this paper measures the changes that the growth of social security is in response to the economic growth level during the Period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan in Jilin Province,and probes into the regularity between the growth of social security and the economic growth in Jilin Province according to the value of elasticity coefficient indicator.Analyzing and comparing with the social security growth during the Period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan in Jilin Province,it promotes the policy recommendations for the development of social security for the 11th Five-Year Plan in Jilin Province.


An efficient region-selective subdivision algorithm for 3-D meshes is proposed in this research, The use of subdivision surfaces for constructing and representing 3-D objects has been introduced in computer graphics and related fields. As an interpolating subdivision scheme on triangular meshes, the modified butterfly subdivision (MBS) algorithm is feasible for many applications such as progressive rendering and object shape-preserving. To further improve MBS, we adopt efficient refinement criteria based on the viewing frustum, the surface orientation, the screen-space visibility error and the local mesh flatness. We also provide a set of subdivision rules to model some natural sharp features such as local creases, cusps and darts. By choosing appropriate edges as being sharp, the refined meshes attain desired sharp features in edge regions, while maintaining the same order of smoothness as other subdivision algorithms elsewhere.


In many settings, principals must use intermediaries to extract information from agents. For example, international organizations use NGOs or local leaders to acquire information about agents' preferences in developing countries, exporting firms employ local agent to obtain information about local market conditions, legislatures ask local representatives to report the preferences of the members of their constituency. In order to study the power of intermediaries in these different settings, this paper sets up a three-tier contracting model with a principal who chooses a policy, an intermediary and a agent who has a private valuation for the policy. We compare three levels of commitment for the intermediary: no commitment, partial commitment where she can condition her contract with the agent on her participation to the principal's contract, and full commitment where she can condition her contract with the agent on her message to the principal. In the case of a pure intermediary, who does not care about the principal's decision (or alternatively has a public valuation for this decision), we prove equivalence of full and partial commitment in a linear model, fully characterize the contracts in the two settings, and discuss conditions under which the principal prefers either form of commitment. In the case where the intermediary has private valuation over the decision, we show that the equivalence result for linear cases fails, and provide a partial characterization of the optimal contracts. JEL Classification Numbers: H41, H70, D82, D78, 020


An earlier simple and accurate theory for the class of metal-strip-loaded dielectric antennas is extended to the case of narrower antennas, where the width to grating period is significantly less than 4 to 1. This extension is based on the effective dielectric constant method, and is therefore very simple. Careful measured data for two representative structures, a wide antenna and a narrow one, are presented, and it is shown that the theories for both cases are sufficiently accurate for engineering design. Comparisons between measurement and theory demonstrate the validity of the theories for both the wide and narrow cases, verifying the earlier theory for wider antennas and the current extension to narrower widths. The theory and its simple extension are shown to be sufficiently accurate for the design of millimeter-wave antennas with prescribed characteristics.<<ETX>>


THOUGH a generation apart and reflecting different philosophies, these two introductory quotations contain implicit recognition of a fundamental change in our concept of natural resources. The Harrison Brown quotation has significance only in the context of a MalthusianRicardian concept of resource endowments. Yet, if we accept Brown's statement, we must ask: Were we ever not completely dependent on our science and technology, however primitive these may have been at the time? And if we answer "never," we must then recognize that it is not the degree of our dependence on our science and technology that has changed, but our concept of the nature of natural resources. This is not the place, nor have I the competence, to discuss the philosophical sense in which man can be understood as the creator of his economic resources. But we cannot define nor identify these resources except by reference to man and his capacities in using them. Was atomic energy a natural resource in 1900? Are salt licks a natural resource in 1963? The negative answers we must give illustrate the fact that we are continually redefining our concept of the nature of a resource. And with this continual redefinition goes a parallel reassessment of our resource stocks and flows.


Generally speaking, the study of paleoenvironmental changes in southern Xinjiang is much more lackward because of the difficulty to obtain an ideal geological record which bears high resolution paleoclimatic information. Recently, a synthetic study on the stratigraphic and geochemical characteristics of the sediment since about 4 ka B.P. in Cele district, southern Xinjiang, has shown that during this period, although the dry state always existed, there were still several variations of relative wet periods and aggravated periods. Combining with the chronological and sedimentary studies, before about 2 000 a B.P., climate was dominated by relative wet, but after this time boundary, it was characterized by consecutive drought, and with four intense desertification periods being revealed, i.e. since about 1 500 a B.P., the climatic characteristics similar to modern climate of this area had basically appeared at about 1 200 a B.P. to 1 000 a B.P., 1 000 a B.P. to 630 a B.P.and after 200 a B.P.. In the aridest southern Xinjiang, natural environmental changes play very important role in affecting the man land relationship, especially in the early historic period. It is of interesting to compare the abandonment of ancient cities in southern Xinjiang with the climatic and environmental changes, for example, these above mentioned abrupt climatic dryness basically coincide well with the periods of intense abandonment of the ancient cities during early 5~6 century, the Song and Yuan dynasty, and the Ming and Qin dynasty respectively. So, in order to further realize the content of man land relationship and its development, we shall pay special attention to the time scales, because during different time scale, the affecting factors of man land relationship would have been changed, but it is undoubtedly, during late period of historic time, the influence of human being had been getting more evidently and importantly.


Summary 1. When living HeLa cells are continuously irradiated by ultra-violet emitting cathode ray scanner tube, no ultra-violet damage can be detected when low scanner tube beam currents are used. 2. When the beam current is increased, dividing cells show (a) inability to complete mitosis, (b) increased syneresis during mitosis, and (c) decreased cytoplasmic bubbling during mitosis. 3. With a similar beam current, intermitotic cells show (a) cessation of pinocytosis, and (b) cessation of Brownian motion of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, even though no change occurs in the absorption image or the structural image of the cell. 4. When the beam current is further increased, intermitotic cells show a sudden generalized increase in absorption followed immediately by a marked contraction of the cell into a small round intensely absorbing mass.


Essentially two books in one, it contains IRS Publication 17, Your Federal Income Tax, along with Ernst & Young's comprehensive commentary and tax-trimming and tax-planning tips. This tax guide includes final usable tax return forms with clear instructions for completing them and the latest tax law from 1993.


The progress on fungal application in biotransformation of Chinese traditional medicine con- stituents was reviewed in this article.The general methods and research situations of fungal biotransforma- tion were expatiated.Fungal transformation of Chinese traditional medicine constitutes offered us a new trend to exploit Chinese traditional medicine effectively.It will significantly promote the effective exploita- tion and utilization of Chinese traditional medicines and contribute to invention of new drugs with indepen- dent intellectual property in a short time.


s = 200 GeV. The first is the constituent quark number scaling property for pT spectra of Ω − and φ and that for pT spectra of p and ρ . The second is that pT spectra of Λ, Ξ −, and K can be self-consistently described using the spectrum of strange quarks from φ data and that of up/down quarks from p data in the equal-velocity combination mechanism. The third is that experimental data for pT spectrum of D ∗+ are also well described using the spectrum of up/down quarks from p data and that of charm quarks from perturbative QCD calculations. These results indicate a similarity between hadron production in pp collisions at


The higher education (HE) landscape has been undergoing significant changes over the last decade. The trends of globalization and marketization of HE has had a profound impact on the dynamic relationship between students and higher education institutions (HEI) as service providers. Research efforts have been focused on understanding the role of students as customers, drivers of quality and satisfaction, and the emotional aspects of student customer experience (SCX). Despite an ongoing debate on whether students are customers and to what extent the business paradigm can be applied to HE, focusing on students' higher education experience makes perfect sense, since students provide revenue and create a need for all the supporting services. This paper reviews the literature on SCX in the HE context. The paper aims to reduce the fragmentation of the field by spotting gaps and finding fruitful areas for future research. Using a bibliometric method based on articles indexed in the Web of Science database, it aims to identify the current state of knowledge in the field. The research contributes to both marketing and education theory by offering venues for new research. For policymakers in HE, it may serve as an up-to-date information source when looking for theoretically proven evidence for decision-making.


The nanoparticles based on nickel-manganese oxide and carbon-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 are synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis technology with controlled particle sizes. The structural properties of nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray diffraction and
 high-resolution electron microscopy. It is observed that the higher surface tension of precursors in the flame spray pyrolysis setup increases the particle sizes. The post annealing treatment significantly enhances the crystallinity of nanoparticles due to the favorable oxidation process and
 the structure conversion from NiMn2O4 to NiMnO3. In addition, the solid-state reaction of as-prepared NiMn2O4 results in the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 nanoparticles which can be applied to the cathode in Li-ion batteries.
 The carboncoated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 nanoparticles are also made by additional carbonization reaction. The control of surface tension of precursors in the flame spray pyrolysis process is expected to result in the small size of nanoparticles, which can result in
 high cyclic stability and high capacity for Li-ion batteries.


Data on central sleep apnea (CSA) and its significance in children are limited. Our objectives were to describe the polysomnogram (PSG) characteristics and clinical features of children with significant CSA at a single pediatric sleep center.


Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have great potential to aid in search and situation assessment. Here, we present a UAV swarm system performing target search in adversarial environment. It utilizes a Ant-Colony (ACO) and Artificial Potential Function (APF) based decentralised target search strategy. ACO meta-heuristic forms the higher level guidance algorithm and APF provide global and local path planning. Uncertainty maps are used to represent probable target locations. The algorithm is scalable and is shown to be robust to agent loss. Its distributed nature makes it ideal for applications in large scale search operations. Trajectory estimates are factored into prioritization resulting into better target selection and faster search.


We discuss several models describing stable branes on S3 × M7: the DBI action, its non-Abelian generalization for D0-branes and a quantum matrix model of q-D0-branes. We compare obtained results.


The paper summarizes the results of the in progress EU Project titled TRIPOD (Training Civil Engineers on Post‐Earthquake Safety Assessment of Damaged Buildings), funded under the Leonardo Da Vinci program. The main theme of the project is the development of a methodology and a learning platform for the training of technicians involved in post‐earthquake building safety inspections. In the event of a catastrophic earthquake, emergency building inspections constitute a major undertaking with severe social impact. Given the inevitable chaotic conditions and the urgent need of a great number of specialized individuals to carry out inspections, past experience indicates that inspection teams are often formed in an adhoc manner, under stressful conditions, at a varying levels of technical expertise and experience, sometime impairing the reliability and consistency of the inspection results. Furthermore each Country has its own building damage and safety assessment methodology, developed according to its experi...


A robust external cavity diode laser (ECDL) insensitive to mechanical vibration is built with an interference filter for selecting wavelength and a cat-eye reflector for light feedback. The free-running laser has a linewidth of 72 kHz. The laser frequency stability reaches 3x10-12 at 1-s integration time in terms of relative Allan variance based on the saturation absorption spectrum.


Purpose: In the paper, the own original achievements and a mature view of the current
development of advanced nanotechnology materials are presented.
Design/methodology/approach: The paper should be treated as an auto-review of
the own research in the area. The paper is preceded by a short historical sketch and the
development of the concept and meaning of nanotechnology and nanostructured materials.
Respectively, the following issues are described: the nanocomposites containing carbon
or halloysite nanotubes, graphene and metallic nanowires, nanostructured coatings and
surface zones of engineering materials, a creation of the nanometric components of
the structure of massive materials, nanocomposite materials designed mainly for use in
regenerative medicine and regenerative dentistry.
Practical implications: In final remarks, the attention is paid to applications of
nanotechnology in many products sought on the market and improve their properties and
applicability.


During the course of a mosquito survey made in the vicinity of Restrepo, in the Intendencia of Meta, not far from Villavicencio, the capital of the province, in Colombia, female specimens of what is thought to be Anopheles (K.) boliviensis Theobald were obtained, biting freely by day in the jungle, and numerous at horse-bait. Owing to the shortness of the time available, search for the unknown larva and male was unsuccessful. However, in January, 1936, the junior author succeeded in breeding from larvae found in bromeliads near Restrepo two males of this species. The corresponding larval skins were preserved.


The degradation mechanism of polylactic acid(PLA) and the factors influencing the degradability were summarized.The research progresses of PLA in medical research were discussed.The purpose was to provide good experimental analysis for further study on the degradability of PLA to achieve controllable degradation velocity.


Background and objective:  ARDS is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and refractory hypoxemia attributed to V/Q mismatch. We used dynamic CT to characterize changes in lung composition, regional perfusion and tissue distribution in patients with ARDS in comparison with healthy subjects.


What is effective in reestablishing normal life in a populous area after a great disaster and how best can a community make itself prepared for the unexpected (or half-expected)? Aldrich responds to these questions which are in many people's minds these days. Building Resilience does a thorough job of proving that social resources influence post-disaster recovery, explaining the variation in the pace of recovery by focusing on the role of social capital – the networks and resources available to people in different neighbourhoods and areas through their connections to others. Through extensive study of four major disasters in the twentieth century: Japan (1923 Tokyo earthquake and 1995 Kobe Earthquake), India (2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami), and the US (2005 Hurricane Katrina), Aldrich shows that social networks and connections form the core engine of recovery after the most devastating events. Although many disaster studies have been conducted, he contends that the fundamental question – which factors facilitate or impede recovery after floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and similar events – has remained largely unanswered. Against this background, the author disentangles the effects of social capital from confounding factors such as socioeconomic conditions, damage, and population density, employing complex methodologies including cross-tabulation, propensity score-matching, and time series cross-sectional panel data. While many government disaster mitigation and recovery programmes are predicated on the idea of the amount of aid provided and the amount of damage caused by the disaster, Building Resilience adduces compelling qualitative and quantitative evidence, demonstrating that social resources, at least as much as material ones, are the foundation for resilience and recovery. The strength of his argument comes from his year of fieldwork, including in Japan and India, creating new data sets describing 225 disaster-affected neighbourhoods and hamlets across space and time. Based upon the in-depth investigations, his recommendations to policy and decision makers are important, including his advice that decision makers should, as they develop recovery plans, make every endeavour to group survivors from the same area together in temporary shelters, which can help ensure that existing stocks of social capital are not damaged by the move. Having proved that 'high levels of social capital serve as the core engine of recovery', Aldrich seeks to explain the manner in which social capital operates after mega catastrophes. He observes that survivors with strong social networks have access to needed information, tools, and


A low temperature approach via alcohol reduction has been employed to prepare Au cluster decorated carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). X-ray diffraction at wide angles (WAXS) shows that both metallic Pt and Au exhibit their respective face-centered cubic structures, indicative of no alloy formation between Pt and Au. Both WAXS and transmission electron microscopy characterizations demonstrate that no major change in mean particle size for bimetallic catalysts was observed even after heat treatment at 600 °C, providing evidence for an enhanced thermal stability of the bimetallic catalysts. An ORR activity comparison proves that the initial ORR activity on the PtAu/C catalysts is comparable with that on the Pt/C. Moreover, the modification of carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles by Au clusters leads to a significant enhancement in the long-term durability of the catalyst. Thus, such a Pt−Au bimetallic electrocatalyst may be the more promising cathode catalyst for proton e...


The objectives of this research is to identify antecedents of logistics service quality of online purchase on customers' satisfaction. More importantly, by comparing between overseas purchase and domestic purchase, this study attempts to validate a difference of logistics service quality factors. For data analysis, 389 questionnaires are collected from users who have an experience on both overseas and domestic purchase in the Internet. According to our data analysis results, timeliness, order process, condition of goods except for informativity have an effect on satisfaction of logistics company and satisfaction of logistics company has an effect on satisfaction of sales company. Also this study empirically confirms the difference of logistics service quality factor between oversea purchase and domestic purchase in the internet. This study draw four antecedents that affect four logistics service quality in online purchase as well as customer satisfactions on logistics and sales company. This research also provide implications that managers of logistics company need to consider the different service between oversea and domestic online purchase when establishing customer satisfaction strategy.


Manganese(II) hydrazide gels designed for Kubas-type hydrogen storage were synthesized from the reaction between bis(trimethylsilylmethyl) manganese and anhydrous hydrazine. The synthetic materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Hydrogen storage measurements were conducted on materials with hydrazine:Mn ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1. 1.5:1, and 2:1. The best results were obtained with the 1:1 material, which demonstrated as high as 1.01 wt % and 32 kg/m3 at 77 K and 85 bar and 1.06 wt % and 24.2 kg/m3 at 298 K at 85 bar. Measurements up to 143 bar at 298 K led to an adsorption value of 1.65 wt % and 37.7 kg/m3 without saturation. The isosteric enthalpy of this material rose with surface coverage from 1.3 to 39 kJ/mol. Excess void space was removed from the materials by compressing at 500 Psi and the resulting compressed gel pellets possess an absolute volumetric adsorption of 18.97 kg/m3 at 298 K ...


Volume integral equations (VIEs) are indispensable to solve electromagnetic (EM) problems with inhomogeneous or anisotropic penetrable objects. In the numerical solution of VIEs, one has to evaluate hypersingular volume integrals over tetrahedral elements in the diagonal matrix entries. In this paper, we develop a novel scheme to evaluate such integrals by transforming the volume integrals into boundary integrals based on the Green-Gauss theorem so that the formulations can be simplified. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the scheme.


Background: The test results of the higher-order thinking skills assessment instrument of students at several high schools in West Sumatra obtained an average score of 17.88-35.19 which is still low. One way to overcome students' low level of high-order thinking skills is to develop an instrument for assessing higher-order thinking skills. This study aims to produce a valid, practical, and good quality item assessment instrument of students' high order thinking about metabolic material for class XII SMA / MA. Methods: This study uses a 4-D development model. The subjects of this study were 3 validators and 27 students of class XII SMA. The data collection instrument was a validity questionnaire and a practicality test. Results: The data obtained are logical validation with an average percentage of 84.90% valid criteria, empirical validity with a correlation between 0.27-0.54 with valid criteria. Has an average percentage on practical criteria of 86.64%, reliability 0.83 with high categories Conclusions: Instruments for assessing the ability to think at a high level about metabolic material are logically valid and empirically valid, practical, reliable, moderate difficulty level, distinguishing power and good quality options.


The purpose of this paper is to present two vivid, penetrating and contemporary testimonies of the events that transformed the history of Mexico since the end of the Porfiriato. Taking common motifs, we shall confront some letters writen by the wife of United States charge in Mexico under President Huerta with the literaturized memories of an English woman, owner of a hotel in Cuernavaca, in order to define the semantics of Mexican Revolution and its actors through the "intrahistory" traced by this two women travelers.


New technologies will need to be discovered to satisfy consumer film imaging needs for rapid image access and available-everywhere film photofinishing. Fortunately, the film technologies that enable rapid image processingare also the same technologies that form the basis for relatively inexpensive, self-operated, highly distributed photofinishing systems for consumers. Central to such concepts are camera speed films that can be thermally processed for very short times (less than 10-20 seconds). Photothermographic (PTG) technologies offer the possibility of circumventing the major obstacles associated with current conventional photofinishing that relies entirely on wet chemistries. The authors have examined the potential of new PTG technologies to provide the photographic sensitivity and raw stock stability required for a consumer color film. We have concluded that it might be possible to meet such requirements with newly discovered technologies.


Introduction: People who are faced with uncertainty experience various problems, namely the economy, new adaptations, jobs to health. This also affects the elderly as a population vulnerable to COVID-19. Several factors, including stress, decreased melatonin levels, and exposure to light at night that reduce melatonin levels and disrupt circadian rhythms result in sleep disturbances in the elderly. This study aims to determine the effect of benson relaxation therapy on sleep quality and loneliness in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic at PSTW Magetan. Method: This study used a post-test method with control group. The sample used was 34 elderly people who were randomized into the treatment and control groups. Result and Analysis: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between Benson relaxation therapy on sleep latency, daytime dysfunction and overall sleep (p <0.05). Discussion: Benson relaxation therapy is highly recommended for the elderly with sleep disorders, because it is practical and economical.


Stable interfacial contact in p–n CuO–ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies synthesized via in situ addition of a controlled copper remarkably improved their photocatalytic properties in contrast to incorporation by an impregnation approach.


The American Indian Studies Program seeks to provide and maintain the highest levels of education, scholarship, leadership, and support to all students, staff, and faculty at the university. As an integral part of the university, the program maintains a special focus on assisting and supporting American Indians in their educational endeavors. In addition to the commitment to the university community, the program provides consultation and services to numerous local, state, and national organizations.


The subject of this thesis is to study the contribution of Ibn Khaldun to international theory. With most of the literature of international relations developed by western thinkers, this paper tries to address this imbalance through presenting the contribution of one prominent Islamic thinker. This paper is a part of a new trend that aims at re-visiting the state of the field of International theory by shedding the light on the contributions from non-western civilizations so as to achieve the true universality of international relations theory. In this perspective Islam will be discussed not only religion but also as civilization contributed in formation Ibn Khaldun's vision to world in his era, and how this vision could develop the current international theory. The paper discusses the following research problem: what is meant by Ibn Khaldun's approach to international phenomena; where it fits in the domain of civilizational though.


Quark–antiquark condensation in the QCD groundstate is discussed in the framework of BCS theory. Adopting a phenomenological interaction between the quarks, the vacuum wavefunction is determined variationally. Taking these results, the properties of the vacuum and its excitations are determined. In addition the effect of instanton-type induced quark interactions is discussed.


A structure composed of both partitionless face-centered cubic ({alpha}-fcc) and body-centered cubic ({beta}-bcc) phases has been observed following high undercooling solidification of nickel-vanadium (Ni-V) alloys in the composition range 47--51.7 at.% V. Containerless processing and rapid solidification suppresses the formation of the equilibrium {sigma} phase and results in the simultaneous formation of partitionless fcc and bcc phases. Transmission electron microscopy analysis has identified regions in which 0.1--1 {micro}m {alpha} and {beta} grains co-exist in a duplex structure. A nucleation and growth kinetics analysis has been developed to describe the conditions under which this structure may form. Thermodynamic and kinetic arguments have been used to provide bounds on various kinetic parameters. These bounds indicate that the nucleation rates for {alpha} and {beta} must be larger than about 10{sup 27} m{sup {minus}3}s{sup {minus}1} to account for the number of grains observed in the time available for nucleation, and the growth rates are constrained to be larger than about 1 m/s to account for complete solute trapping.


Forty‐nine men with progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia were treated with chlorambucil 0.2 mg/kg/day orally or streptonigrin 0.004 mg/kg/day orally for a minimum of six weeks in a double‐blind study. Dosage modifications were frequently necessary to achieve maximum drug effect and prevent serious toxicity. Eighteen of 24 patients treated with chlorambucil (75%) and 21 of 25 patients treated with streptonigrin (84%) showed some objective response. The difference was not statistically significant. The incidence of bone marrow depression was comparable. Significantly more patients treated with streptonigrin had mild to moderate gastrointestinal toxicity.


The study of disabilities sensory, physical and mental is an interdisciplinary field that took off in the mid-1980s. As a discipline it invited scholars to consider disability not as something that was purely medical but as a 'key defining social category' such as race, class, or gender. The problem with this new and developing field is that the 'disability' does not lend itself to an easy definition. It becomes even harder when historians explore the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when the use of the word disabled was rarely applied to an individual, unless completely bed-bound and incapable of any form of daily activity. Moving aside from the problems of definition, disability history has sought and continues to seek and use sources about and by individuals or groups of people who have often been overlooked, ignored or silenced. For paupers in the eighteenth and nineteenth century who were infirm, suffered with mental health issues or had learning difficulties their voice is not always easy to find. The frequently repeated words by Douglas Baynton's that 'disability is everywhere in history, once you begin looking for it' has never been truer, although it has often and continues to frequently be absent in the histories that we write. This special edition uses a large range of sources such as the correspondence between the New Poor Law Unions and the Poor Law Commissioners in London, found in The National Archives under MH12, court records, autobiographies, guardian minute books, local asylum and workhouse archives and pictures, to try and change this situation. The authors argue that despite the difficulties in finding the disabled as a result of the terminology used, they are present, and their voices can be heard loud and clear. Problematically, the doctrine used to explore ideas around disability has often been reliant on the medical archetypical framing of those who suffered some form of impairment which limited the individual from functioning in a 'normal social or vocational' setting. In other words, the medicalisation of disability is akin to a chronic or long-standing medical problem, which of course it is not. This theory does not work when tested against the vast number of sources available to the historian where the majority of those seeking help were doing so on a short-term basis. Neither does it take into account those who had what can only be termed as significant disabilities, but who did not construct themselves as incapable of working, running a home, getting married or raising and supporting a family. It can be seen in the following example of Gervas Matthews who wrote to the Poor Law Commissioners in 1846. He stated that he was a poor man being 'three parts Blind' with three children the eldest of which was nine and the youngest a few months old. Note here that he classed himself as poor before mentioning the


The paper analyses a relationship between monetary aggregate M2 and inflation in a small open economy. The relationship between monetary expansion and inflation as well as a dynamic of income velocity of money framework in a small open economy are discussed in more details in the paper. Authors have developed a medium-term structural model using for an empirical verification of the relationship between monetary aggregate M2 and price development in tradable and non-tradable goods and services in the Czech Republic in the period 1996-2004. The empirical results of the model indicate that money has a significant impact on the price development of non-tradables. On the other hand, a statistically significant relationship between money and tradables inflation in the case of the Czech small open economy is not found. The conclusions presented in the paper suggest that the monetary aggregate should not be ignored in practical policy-making.


An optical device comprising a light-transmissive optical substrate (10), which is provided with a multilayer layer (14) and a barrier layer (12) on its the multilayer film (14) facing side, wherein the barrier layer (12) suppresses the transport of molecules between the substrate (10) and the multilayer film (14), wherein the light-transmitting optical substrate (10) has a refractive index N 1.7 ≤ characterized, in that that the barrier layer (12) of La Al with 0.5 ≤ x and y ≤ 1.5, and having a refractive index N -0.1 ≤


Delay-constrained least-cost multicast routing problem is studied, and a multicast routing algorithm based on link optimizing is proposed to solve the problem. The algorithm begins from a least-delay tree, then iteratively replaces expensive tree links with cheaper links, and gets final multieast tree satisfying delay constraint. The simulated results show that the proposed algorithm performs better in terms of delay and running time against existing heuristics algorithm, and constructs optimal delay-constrained multicast tree efficiently.


Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate the extensiveness of a periapical lesion present in an endodontically treated molar using 2D-classical and 3D-modern radiological methods.Material and method: The assessment of this clinical case required the use of digital periapical radiography. Identification of endodontic treatment in upper right first molar and the periapical lesion, without being able to determine its extent, the bone defect and the possible associated maxillary sinus pathology led to the decision of performing advanced radiological investigations: CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography). Results: Small field of view CBCT images provided information about the presence of two periapical lesions on mesiobuccal, distobuccal roots and interradicular bone loss. Alveolar cortical bone loss was identified in the proximity of buccal roots apex and the actual dimensions of the periapical lesions were measured. The 3D imaging of the right maxillary sinus helped identify the pathology of the lower wall sinus mucosa.Conclusions: The CBCT evaluation provides real information on the extent of periapical lesions and associated pathology. Limited information provided by periapical radiography in complex clinical cases is not sufficient to establish the appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan.


Advanced surgical resection and reconstructive techniques have improved survival rates and decreased morbidity for patients undergoing resection of anterior cranial base malignancies; however, malignant tumors involving the infratemporal fossa have generally been considered unresectable. Tumor resection was avoided in this region because of the perceived biological aggressiveness of these tumors, difficulty in achieving negative histological margins, and the associated surgical morbidity and mortality. Although several articles have provided outcome data for resection of anterior cranial base tumors (1–7, 10, 13, 14), very few authors have addressed cranial base malignancies specifically involving the infratemporal fossa (2, 9).

The infratemporal fossa includes the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, the pterygoid plates, and cranial base margins that include numerous structures with functional significance. The anterior margin is the maxillary sinus, and the posterior margin comprises the parotid gland and medial pterygoid fascia. The lateral border is the ascending ramus of the mandible, and the superior margin comprises the zygomatic arch and the greater wing of the sphenoid, including the foramina rotundum, ovale, and spinosum and associated traversing nerves and arteries. The internal carotid artery is located at the posteromedial aspect of this space.

Several approaches have been described to resect tumors transgressing the infratemporal fossa, including the Fisch C and subtemporal-preauricular infratemporal fossa approaches (8, 15). These are most useful in patients with tumors that involve the petrous apex and carotid artery. The tumors discussed herein predominantly involved the anterior segment of the infratemporal fossa, often extending to the anterior cranial base and orbit. In this article, we propose a scheme for the systematic evaluation and resection of malignant infratemporal fossa tumors. Outcome analysis is presented on a consecutive series of 25 patients.


The Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) project is intended to develop principles and guidance about the interaction and impact of inflammation on the selection, use and interpretation of current and new biomarkers specifically and nutrition more broadly. This project was a response to the increasing need expressed by the international nutrition community to address the bidirectional relationship between nutrition and inflammation. It is intended to inform the community on the state of our understanding about these relationships and to identify gaps in knowledge.


The present invention discloses a method for cooling or heating a semiconductor module and a manufacturing method of the present invention, each of the N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor are spaced apart, without contact with each other disposed on the first sheet and the second ceramic insulating ceramic insulating sheet between, on the first insulating ceramic plate fixed to the at least one conductive metal plate, on the second insulating ceramic plate fixed on at least two electrically conductive metal sheet, fixed to a fixed ratio of the first insulated conductive metal sheet on the second insulating ceramic sheet conductive metal sheet on the ceramic sheets over a sheet, on each sheet of conductive metal on the first insulating ceramic sheets are fixed on an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor, and fixed with a conductive metal on the first insulating ceramic sheet the other end of the P-type and N-type semiconductor on a semiconductor chip are fixed on the second insulating ceramic sheets different conductive metal sheet. The present invention has a high cooling or heating efficiency, energy saving, simple in structure, easy to manufacture, stable, long life.


This paper has focused on a new Meta heuristic technique i.e. GA+ FIREFLY Hybrid algorithm for parallel job scheduling problem. It has been observed that in existing literature has introduced genetic algorithm which solve parallel job scheduling problem but the genetic algorithm suffers from local optima problem. Moreover it converges slowly so more time it takes to provide the final results. In order to eliminate this problem further improvement has been required to get the sub optimal solution as well as Firefly algorithm works on global optima. It is flexible, robust. Moreover, it uses few parameters as compared to GA and it can be easily hybridized with GA. This research has proposed the hybridisation of GA and Firefly which has done the work on various parameters like make span, flow time, mean waiting time, normalization function etc. The experimental results will also be drawn in order to find the best decomposition among the available one.


Fiona Mary Dolan moved to the south east of England following qualification, where she completed house jobs in Tunbridge Wells and at St George's before joining the …


Self-efficacy, defined as the belief about one's own capability in perform a particular task, influence student motivation, performance and persistence in learning tasks. For this reason, the Educational Research community seeks to understand how to foster student self-efficacy regarding necessary actions for learning. Particularly in Physics Education there are controversial results about the potentiality of active teaching methods in developing these beliefs. In this sense, we investigated how an experience with the Team-Based Learning (TBL) method in an introductory physics course influenced the levels of self-efficacy in learning physics and working collaboratively of a particular student, whose prior beliefs were low compared to the class. Carrying out an explanatory case study, we found positive changes in student's self-efficacy in the dimensions analyzed. This variation occurred, mainly, due to the expansion of discussion spaces provided by TBL, which allowed the student to observe the actions of colleagues and the teacher in different situations, making him feel more capable of carrying out similar activities


Attribution theory (e.g., Gotlib & Abramson, 1999) was used to inform this process-based research on the spontaneous attributions children and parents make to explain children's appropriate and inappropriate behaviors. Attribution patterns from 29 transcribed 1st sessions of solution-focused therapy were found to relate to treatment dropout and good and poor outcome. In addition, children made many more attributions for positive behavior than did parents, who made many more attributions for children's negative behavior. Implications of this study for social work practice are explored.


NOTICE This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data which are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position or regulatory action. FOREWORD Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) include a broad range of transportation improvements, such as traffic signal control, freeway management, transit management, incident management, and regional multimodal traveler information services. ITS has generated considerable enthusiasm in the transportation community as a potential strategy for reducing highway congestion, improving highway safety, and reducing environmental impacts associated with motor vehicle travel. Some policy makers, however, are concerned that induced travel associated with ITS may partially offset the potential emission benefits of improved traffic operations. As a result, methodologies are needed to evaluate the full traffic and emissions implications of ITS deployment. This study describes the types of modeling approaches needed to capture the short-and long-term transportation, emissions, and fuel consumption impacts of ITS deployment. It describes needed progressions in modeling approaches, including developments in travel demand, traffic simulation, and modal emissions modeling. The study identifies a framework for modeling the impacts of specific ITS components and discusses data issues relevant to an evaluation of ITS impacts.


This sentence in Rev. i. 7 is one of several passages in the N.T. which are derived from Dan. vii. 13 a, and which together provide a striking visual image traditionally associated with the Second Advent. Discussion of Dan. vii. 13 naturally has been concerned chiefly with the enigmatic 'son of man'. Less attention has been given to the statement that this figure in the vision was seen 'coming with the clouds of heaven', and to the relation of the dependent N.T. passages to the text and meaning of the original passage. Driver, Dalman and Charles interpret the phrase as suggesting the 'superhuman majesty and state' of the man-like figure. Hitzig says that he 'comes on the clouds like God himself, and Charles, that the clouds are the Divine chariot. Montgomery says that 'the clouds are in contrast to the chaos of waters', and Rowley, 'the other empires are from the sea, i.e., from below, while this comes from the clouds, i.e., from above'. These two scholars suggest as additional elements in the symbolism 'possibly swiftness of motion' (Montgomery); 'as the clouds come from one knows not where, even so this kingdom' (Rowley). Volz declares that the coming with clouds indicates the supernatural origin of the visionary man. No one seems to have called in question the association o f the clouds of heaven' with the verb 'was coming', or to have noted the changed word order which brings these together in the N.T. quotations. The text of Dan. vii. 13a and its translations in LXX and Theod. are as follows: xin nnx INN nas Kaw -usray nx i AT-: •• T TV: : T : --T-: * : -


With the outbreak of the resistance war,as the integrated development of objective and subjective factors,especially,the economic policy adjustment of the national government in the early war time,the coal industry in Sichuan got a rare opportunity to be developed.Accordingly,the number of coal mines and their yield went up,the production technology and the management level improved.However,the current economic policy was only a temporary wartime expedient without the long term,continuity and stability.Therefore,after the short-lived boom,the coal industry in Sichuan sharply declined in the end of war.


From the Introduction. There are four fundamental freedoms which lay the foundation of the European Union. Those are the free movement of goods, free movement of capital, free movement of services and free movement of persons. They
guarantee the existence and effective functioning of an area without internal borders within which goods, capital, services and people move freely. Despite the pivotal importance of these freedoms, there are cases where some
freedoms can be partially or fully restricted within the territory of some member states or the Union as a whole. This thesis is going to analyze the restrictions of one of these freedoms: the free movement of persons, resulting
from the arrangements applying to new member states. The focus will be the free movement of workers from new to old member states for a transitional period following the date of accession.


A new Takagi-Sugeno(T-S) fuzzy model identification method based on hyperplane prototype clustering was proposed to solve the identification difficult of hydro-turbine governing system.Considering the importance of local models linearity,a fuzzy clustering algorithm with hyperplane prototype was deduced.Aimed at optimizing linearity of local models,this algorithm provides good linearity in structure(identification) of premise parts of T-S fuzzy model.This algorithm adopts mutative scale chaos optimization strategy to search the best clustering results,which can avoiding local optimum.Least Square Method(LSM) is used to identify fuzzy model consequent parameters.By this method,a T-S fuzzy model was built for hydro-turbine governing system of hydropower plant.Results of identification and comparison experiments for this model show that,the T-S fuzzy model has high identification accuracy and strong generalization ability,and the identification method is available and feasible.


Backgrounds and purpose: The road map of the National Health Insurance Scheme (JKN) aims to ensure that 75%of patients are satisfied with the quality of health facilities. This study was designed to determine differences inpatients' satisfaction in general, as well as at each individual first-level health facility (FKTP) and based on dimensions ofquality. Methods: Study was a cross-sectional sample survey with the respondents of 148 JKN patients selected consecutivelyfrom 4 types of FKTP. A total of 4 health centers, 3 government clinics, 4 private clinics and 4 general practitionersrandomly selected from 11 health centers, 7 government clinics, 13 private clinics and 70 general practitioners in thecity of Denpasar. Data were collected through interviews over March-April 2015 in each health facility usingquestionnaires by trained interviewers. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Results: A total of 69,59% of JKN patients said that they were satisfied with the quality of FKTP services. This figurewas lower than the target of JKN i.e. 75%. The highest satisfaction (90,00%) was in the general practitioners whilelowest was in the private clinics (47,46%). Based on the dimensions of quality, JKN patients' satisfaction in the fourFKTPs was significantly different (p=0,008) in physical and empathic dimensions (p=0,013). In the multivariate analysis,variables found related to the satisfaction of the respondents were the FKTP of general practitioners (adjusted PR=1,91;95%CI: 1,05-3,47) and health centers (adjusted PR=1,76; 95%CI: 1,04-2,97). Conclusion: In general, the patients' satisfaction rate was still lower than the target of JKN and when viewed per carefacilities, the highest satisfaction was found in FKTP of general practitioners and health centers.


Abstract: The aim of this research was to characterize previous training of university students in Medellin city and its relationship with higher education fields' selection, an interesting matter for educational authorities, in order to design strategies to enhance professional development. Semi-structured interview technique for data collection was used. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with type orthogonal canonic contrast, index hierarchical classification multiple correspondence analysis, frequency analysis and cluster analysis, were used. Highly significant statistical difference (p<0,0001) between genders about preferences for subject, was found; as well as between public and private educational institutions about perceived difficulty of subjects. A relationship between male students from private institutions about preference for Mathematics, Physics, Geometry and Calculus and Engineer higher education selection and preference for Biology and Chemical and Natural Sciences selection, was found; as well as, a relationship between female students from public institutions about preference for Spanish and Education and Social Science higher education selection.


This paper dealt with by studying continued fractions of the form c 1 1 + c 1 1 + · · · + c 1 1 + · · · Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a sequence of it to be convergent in the formal powers series case.


An experiment was conducted on a fertile Walcanui silt loam in 1991/92 to examine the productivity of 4 perennial pasture grass species, Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Fesrucu arundinacea), Grasslands Marsden hybrid tyegrass (L&urn perenne x Lolium hybridum), Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phaluris aquatica), Grasslands Wana cocksfoot (Ductylis glomerutu), and 2 binary mixtures, tall fescue plus cocksfoot and phalaris plus cocksfoot. Between July 1991 and September 1992 the highest production came from phalaris plus cocksfoot at 19.05 t DM/ha. Hybrid ryegrass, phalaris, tall fescue plus cocksfoot, cocksfoot, and tall fescue produced 17.44, 17.13, 16.96, 14.17, and 13.13 t DM/ha respectively. The botanical composition of both mixtures averaged equal proportions of the sown species. The proportion of cocksfoot increased over the summer period then declined for the following .autumn/winter period. The experiment shows that simple pasture grass mixtures may be highly productive. These findings


A recent collection of moths from Fiji included 139 individuals of the family Tortricidae, representing 33 species. One new species, 'Rhopobota splendida' and one new subspecies, 'Cryptophlebia ombrodelta suvaensis', are described and illustrated. Four additional species are noted as new records for Fiji: 'Nesoscopa mesites' Razowski, 2014, 'Capua zaphyrra' Meyrick, 1936, 'Adoxophyes cyrtosema' Meyrick, 1886 and 'Teleta talaris' (Durrant, 1915). For three species, Adoxophyes mixtior Razowski, 2016, 'Atriscripta strigata' Razowski, 2016, and 'Cryptophlebia emphyla' Razowski, 2016, the original descriptions are augmented to include both sexes and/or additional forms.


Usually when we think of "mediated interaction" we think of interaction that is mediated through some rather conspicuous technology. And so, for example, we speak of "computer-mediated communication"or messages delivered via "mass media" like television, radio, or newspapers. In fact, however, all interaction is in some way mediated—at the very least through some kind of semiotic system like language.

Keywords:

computer mediated communication;
discourse analysis;
sociocultural language studies


Although the glycogen content of the different tissues of the heart, both mammalian and cold-blooded, has been studied by numerous workers, no investigation appears to have been made as to whether there is a differential distribution of inositol. Ox hearts were used, brought to the laboratory as soon as possible after the animal was killed, but not cooled, since it was assumed that post-mortem changes would affect the tissues equally. In each experiment, 18 g. of tissue were taken, as free as possible from visible sat. The tissue was dissolved by reflux with potash for 2i hr. and the inositol was estimated by crystallization and weighing [Winter, 1940]. It was found that, although there were considerable differences in inositol content between different hearts, the ventricle always contained more inositol than the auricle of the same heart. The differences are shown by the following figures:


Multifractal analyses have been proven successful in exposing scaling properties of experimental data. These methods of analysis have been applied to diverse areas of research including solar magnetic fields and dissipative fluid dynamics. Moreover, they are especially useful as algorithms for the detection of fully developed turbulence. In this preliminary paper we use the observed multiplier distribution, P(M), to directly calculate the f(α) function of gamma-ray burst time profiles. The results show the time-scaling properties of these profiles. At the very least, multifractal analyses should provide a better way to categorize GRB time profiles than currently exists. In the most-optimistic scenario, however, these algorithms could reveal fundamental physical properties of the underlying system(s) that produce the bursts.


Antimicrobial metal nano-foam, nano foam coated substrates thereon, using a metal nano-foam prevents bacterial growth, a method for killing inhibit, and / or bacteria, as well as metal nano compositions and methods for making foams.


Protect the rights of creditor financial and deny the debt and concern the law of debtor, is important to the tradition and the attention of lawgiver and this issue well used from the Quran and habit and scholars fatwas.
In the trades in which for escape from the debtor's debt, specially concerning to change of alter the 218 clause of the civil codes, expressing the opinion and a few of people know that is correct and a few people know it not effective and others know it as invalid things.
The present article with the attitude of Ijtihad is in deal with prevent the escape of the debtor's debt in legal and religion.This article evaluate the jurisprudence-legal this trade and solicit public argument the rule of harmlessly and according to the texts of the rules such as the 40th clause of the constitution, evaluate this subject and injunction of this trade.


One of the most critical factors on the conclusion of an insurance contract is to determine the extent of the insurance risk or cover. This enables parties to the contract to ascertain for themselves the rights and obligations under the policy. On the one hand, the extent of insurance risk determines what is recoverable by the insured or assured on the occurrence of the insured event, and, on the other hand, what level of liability is assumed and the premiums payable to the insurer. The extent of insurance risk also determines what rememdial action, if any, may be undertaken by the insured or assured by way of taking out extra insurance, if the policy at hand is not adequate.


We analyze a very simple economy in which taxes (employed purely for income redistribution) are denominated in money units (say, dollars). Volatility of the price-level is sunspot-driven. Some agents cannot participate in the market for hedging against ‡uctuations in the price level. The tax authority chooses money taxes to maximize Benthamite welfare, i.e., the sum of expected utilities. Optimization entails leveling the expected utilities among the group of consumers who have access to the hedging market. The money-taxation regime


The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the electromagnetic wave is a potential solution to increase the communication capacity. A new OAM antenna structure, which is based on the folded reflectarray antenna, is proposed in this paper. Such an antenna structure overcomes these disadvantages of a traditional OAM antenna, such as large longitudinal size, mismatching between the wave and the dielectric, low efficiency, etc. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed structure, a Ka-band antenna prototype with 78 ×78mm2 is designed and measured. The prototype can realize high gain, and the wavefront of the antenna is a standard helix.


This study endeavored to investigate the influence of liquidity management, capital adequacy, leverage and capitalization on performance of SACCOs in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey and targeted 151 senior and middle level management staff from 19 SACCOs located in Kisumu County. The study used structured questionnaire to collect primary data and a data collection sheet to collect secondary data on the dependent variable. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used in data analysis. A total of 110 questionnaires were sent out for data collection in the field. Both descriptive and inferential statistics showed that all conceptualized independent variables significantly influence performance of SACCOs in Vihiga County. That is; from the values of unstandardized regression coefficients with standard errors in parenthesis, all the independent variables; liquidity management, capital adequacy, capitalization and leverage were significant predictors of SACCO performance (dependent variable). The study concludes that one; liquidity management is a significant predictor of financial performance of SACCOs, thus liquidity position of a SACCO in terms of cash position, capacity ratio and total deposits really influence financial performance of a SACCO; two; capital adequacy significantly influences financial performance of SACCOs, thus, improvement in effective capital adequacy requirements by SACCOs can have a positive impact on the performance of SACCOs. The study recommended that one; SACCOs should adopt resilient liquidity management practices to enable them boost their performance in both good and bad economic times; two; SACCOs should adhere to SASRA's minimum capital adequacy requirements so as to cushion themselves against insolvency risks and three; SACCOs should prudently embrace the new capitalization policy as a savings mobilization and customer retention strategy so as to boost their capital and membership base. Key Words: Liquidity Management, Capital Adequacy, Leverage, Capitalization, SACCOs in Kisumu County CITATION: Tonui, C. K., & Otinga, H. N. (2019). Effect of financial management practices on financial performance of savings and credit cooperative societies in Kisumu County, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (1), 699 – 718.


Forensic anthropologists are often tasked with determining skeletal age‐at‐death to assist law enforcement in identifying skeletal remains. If the remains are skeletally mature, degenerative changes in articular surfaces are typically assessed to determine age. If the skeleton is immature tooth eruption, dental development, and/or epiphyseal union are used to estimate age. Forensic anthropologists derive an age‐at‐death estimate by comparing our assessment of skeletal age indicator(s) to standards derived from skeletal collections of known age‐at‐death. Prior to the establishment of modern skeletal collections such at the William M. Bass Donated Collection at the University of Tennessee, anthropologists developed age estimation techniques using late 19th and early 20th century anatomical collections (e.g. the Hamann‐Todd Osteology Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and Terry Anatomical Collection at the Smithsonian Institution). However, research on Bass Collection skeletons has demonstrated remarkable changes in skeletal morphology in modern Americans compared to early 19th century birth cohorts, illustrating that standards derived from modern populations are imperative for forensic casework; anatomical collections and archaeological samples are not appropriate reference samples. Age estimation in forensic casework is further complicated by the age distribution of the forensic case population. Forensic cases often involve accidental deaths, homicides, and suicides of individuals from a younger age demographic than natural deaths which comprise many of the reference samples used to derive age estimates. This difference between the age distribution of the reference sample and that of the "target" population leads to 'age mimicry', whereby skeletal age‐at‐death may be under‐estimated. This presentation will highlight research that illustrates the impact of secular change and reference sample composition on the accuracy and precision of forensic skeletal age‐at‐death estimation. The documentation of significant changes in skeletal morphology illustrates what evolutionary biologists already know—phenotype is dynamic, not static. These short‐term evolutionary changes in skeletal form have implications for anatomical research beyond the hard tissues.


Multimedia applications usually involve a large number of multimedia objects (texts, images, sounds, etc.). Spatial and temporal relationships among these objects should be efficiently supported and retrieved within a multimedia authoring tool. In this paper, we present several spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal relationships of interest, and propose efficient indexing schemes, based on multidimensional (spatial) data structures, for large multimedia applications that involve thousands of objects. Evaluation models of the proposed schemes are also presented, as well as hints for the selection of the most appropriate one, according to the multimedia author's requirements.


Recent developments in European dairy policies and dairy markets are posing challenges for dairy cooperatives, because they are affecting interest alignment between milk producers and cooperative management. We describe recent changes in policy and market environments and explore the impacts these changes may be having on farmers and cooperative businesses as separate but related entities. We argue that these policy and market developments are producing economic incentives that are increasingly difficult to align within dairy cooperatives, because they induce fundamentally different strategies of integration at different levels of the dairy value chain. The future of dairy cooperatives, we conclude, will be shaped by their ability to respond to the new business climate with varying combinations of vertical and horizontal integration. Jos Bijman* and Markus Hanisch**


Letters exchanging greetings. Appreciation by Larry and Eleanor for informational materials on Japan sent to them. Mentions main events of the summer: hosting the National Board of Directors of SAVE; the Washington D. C. SAVE Chapter (both in August);a


In a world of widespread banking, credit facilities which offered by various banks already familiar to be heard. Credit has a large value in the bank's operational activities. However, this credit risk borned by the bank, therefore there is a need for internal audit to evaluate the implementation of internal control that runs the company. According to this, this research aims to determine and assess the role of internal audit in supporting the effectiveness of internal controls, especially in the provision of credit Banks 'X'
Corporation. The results obtained by descriptive methods also through interviews and questionnaires which showed that the Banks 'X' Corporation's internal audit has role in supporting the effectiveness of internal control provision of credit.


Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used for the enantiomeri c separation of Lobeline, with β-CD and DM-β-CD used as the chiral se lect ors. Several factors influencing the separating resolution such as the concentr ation of chiral selector, pH, and organic modifier on resolution we re discussed. Under the optimum conditions: 50?mmol/L H 3PO 4-Tris(pH2.5 ), 30?mmol/L DM-β-CD, Lobeline was baseline separated (Rs= 2.12 ), wh ile it can not be separated by β-CD under the same experimental conditions. This show ed that the separating ability of DM-β-CD is higher than that of β-CD for l obeline.


The present work analyzes the state of collective action in Mexico in the context of the exhaustion of the popular-nationalist model and the instalation of unbridled neo-liberalism. It places special emphasis on the case of a debtors movement, known as El Barzon, which began in 1993. This mobilization represents a form of organized response from the mid-level productive and service sectors of the country, in the face of confiscatory policies enacted against them by the banking and finance sectors, with the complicity of the Mexican state.


The test and application of ultra- thin asphalt concrete pavement of rebuild project in Zhongshan 105 National Highway are introduced. The design principle, structure design and material design of ultra- thin asphalt concrete pavement are summarizes.


recently, few attempts were made to estimate the total quantity of water withdrawn for use in the United States. Some investigators made inventories or estimates of water used by a single industry. The US Public Health Service {1, 2), in cooperation with the sanitary engineering divisions of the state health departments, made inventories of public water supply facilities in 1945 and 1954 which included data on the quantity of water used. The US Bureau of the Census (3) made a survey of water used by the manufacturing industries in 1953, as part of its annual survey of manufactures. Picton (4, 5) made estimates of water used in the United States from 1900 to 1950 and 1955, and forecast estimates of future use. Guy ton (d) made an estimate of ground water used in the United States during 1945, and Langbein (7) made an estimate of the quantity of water used in the United States in 1946 for the generation of hydroelectric power. An inventory by Mangan and Graham (8) showed the quantity of water used in Pennsylvania in 1951. MacKichan (9) also made an estimate of the quantity of water used in each of the 48 states during 1950 for five major uses rural, public supplies, industry, irrigation, and waterpower to which the present inventory is similar in objective and scope.