Abstract Exploring the heritage of Chinese traditional festival culture is to enhance the national identity of the people better. This paper introduces the classification principle of support vector machines using support vector machines as an entry point in the big data perspective and shows that support vector machines are all optimized by introducing Lagrangian functions and then finding their optimal classification decision functions. Then, the principle and steps of the artificial fish swarm algorithm are introduced and explained, and the artificial fish swarm algorithm is used to optimize the support vector machine and rank the fitness values. Finally, the AFSA-SVM algorithm is used to classify and analyze two aspects of Chinese traditional festival culture inheritance, i.e., the spiritual value and inheritance mode of Chinese traditional festival culture. From the viewpoint of spiritual value, the harmonious concept of the unity of heaven and man and the self-practice of pursuing ideals are more embodied in the Lantern Festival, accounting for 32.96% and 38.09%, respectively. Regarding inheritance methods, 61.43%, 50.15%, and 55.28% of the people use the Internet, TV, and movies to inherit traditional festivals, respectively. Based on the big data perspective, the AFSA-SVM algorithm can be used to effectively classify and analyze the cultural heritage of traditional Chinese festivals, and the data can be used better to understand the spiritual connotation of traditional Chinese festivals and enhance the sense of national identity.


Let H be a separable complex H be a space and let (equation omitted)(H) be the *-algebra of all bounded linear operators on H. An operator T in (equation omitted)(H) is said to be p-hyponormal if ( 0 for 0 < p < 1. If p = 1, T is hyponormal and if p = , T is semi-hyponormal. In this paper, by using a technique introduced by S. K. Berberian, we show that the approximate point spectrum $\sigma_{\alpha p}(T) of a pure p-hyponormal operator T is empty, and obtains the compact perturbation of T.


An analysis of teachers' job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction is presented in this paper. The report focuses on the perceptions of job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction held by both male and female Caucasian teachers in grades 7-12. The teachers' perceptions were then compared to the perceptions of principals. The sample included 64 teachers, which represented 4 teachers from 9 intermediate and 7 high schools in the Garden Grove Unified School District near Los Angeles, California. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative research strategies, which included telephone interviews and questionnaires. The findings indicate that teachers viewed the work itself, achievement, responsibility, recognition, and possibility of growth as factors that contributed to their feeling good during a satisfying job experience. They derived the most job satisfaction from recognition, achievement, and the work itself. Intrinsic factors contributed more to job satisfaction than they did to job dissatisfaction. Principals accurately perceived that recognition, achievement, and the work itself contributed to the teachers' feelings of job satisfaction and misperceived that the principal's behavior had a positive effect on teachers' job satisfaction. (Contains 64 references and 3 appendices containing teacher and principal questionnaires.) (RJM) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** PERCEPTIONS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND PRINCIPALS CONCERNING FACTORS RELATED TO JOB SATISFACTION AND JOB DISSATISFACTION by Janice J. Ulriksen, Ed. D. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) grfl-':i's document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 9 BEST COPY AVAILABLE PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)


Abstract The Fe-57 Mossbauer Effect (ME) was used to study a 0.6 per cent (by weight) solution of 1,1′-diacetylferrocene in the liquid crystalline material N-(p-n-pentyloxybenzylidene)-p-n-hexylaniline (50.6). The ME parameters were determined for the crystalline solid phase and the cold crystal G phase. Characteristic Debye temperatures, order parameters, intramolecular and lattice contributions to the nuclear vibrational anisotropy were obtained for the crystalline solid, crystal G glass, and oriented crystal G glass phases.


Oxidative/antioxidative imbalance is one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of many lung diseases. Lung Kruppel-like transcription factor (KLF2/LKLF)is one of the Kruppel-like zinc finger transcription factor family members.It was originally found in the lung,and named as KLF2 .It has been thought that KLF2 plays major roles in cell growth、differentiation、apoptosis,lung and blood vessel development,mature T cells survival、quiescence and migration. It was recently found that KLF2 also had important antioxidation and was able to regulate the expression of multiple antioxitant enzymes and antioxitant transcription factors.This article reviewed that structure and function of KLF2 and its roles in antioxitant system and its application prospect in the research of pulmonary diseases.


At most academic institutions, it is considered a privilege to attend scientific meetings as an undergraduate student. Quite often, only those students who are engaged in research activity are provided this opportunity (7, 13). Institutional funding for undergraduate researchers to attend these types of meetings is typically dependent on an invitation to present their research. The benefits of this type of student engagement are clear. Students gain valuable communication skills by presenting their research findings. A poster or podium presentation forces undergraduate presenters to analyze and organize their data and compose a clear and concise summary of their findings and conclusions and also requires students to write in a more sophisticated scientific manner than typically necessary for class projects or laboratory reports. However, many benefits of attending a professional scientific meeting are not limited to the preparation and act of presenting. Large professional conferences typically include presentations on a broad range of novel research topics and opportunities for career development, such as resume and interview workshops (14). Vendors exhibit new products that demonstrate various career and entrepreneurial opportunities. National societies advertise fellowship and granting opportunities and solicit membership. Attending presentations by researchers with various levels of training, ranging from undergraduate to field leader, provides examples of different communication styles. Face-to-face presentation formats, specifically poster sessions, facilitate interactions among researchers and networking opportunities. Students who are provided the opportunity to attend a professional conference witness how skills they are learning in the classroom will be implemented in their future careers (17). Given this application of knowledge and skill for "real-world" learning, engaged attendance at professional scientific meeting, per se, should be considered experiential learning. Traditionally, all of the benefits of attendance at a professional scientific meeting are limited to undergraduate students performing and presenting research with mentors. Our goal was to recruit and provide an experiential learning experience for undergraduate science majors who are not presenting at a large professional scientific meeting, Experimental Biology Conference (EB). The primary objectives for this population of undergraduate students attending EB were 1) to recognize the vast and varied range of biological research; and 2) to understand the broad variety of science-based careers and career paths, within and beyond academic research. Secondary objectives included enhancing face-to-face networking skills and discerning the benefits of these skills, observing and reflecting on the application of important presentation skills, and to learn the benefits provided by society membership. EB was selected as a professional conference to target these objectives because of its large size (14,000 attendees), allowing for various interactions among students and scientists of various backgrounds, levels of training (e.g., graduate students, postdocs), institution type and location, and personal experiences (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender). Six scientific professional societies host EB [The American Association of Anatomists (AAA), The American Physiological Society (APS), American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP), American Society for Nutrition (ASN), and American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET)], providing learning opportunities from various science disciplines and potential for students to interact with society members and staff with similar scientific interests as their own. Additionally, the authors, as APS members, regularly attend and are actively involved at EB. The relative location of the academic institution to the meeting site aided the feasibility of transportation of undergraduate students. Registration fee was waived for student attendees in the past but is relatively low ($20–$30) for undergraduate students at present. EB is typically scheduled in April from a Saturday through a Wednesday, with the APS undergraduate poster session and video competition scheduled on Sunday. We, therefore, chose Sunday for our students to attend the conference, as it would not conflict with classes, and, most importantly, they would have the opportunity to attend the undergraduate poster session as well as visit the vendor exhibition hall. The goal of the present project was to investigate if similar learning gains to research experiences could be attained by targeting a much broader undergraduate audience and be provided at a relatively low cost to the institution and the student, and, secondarily, stimulate student interest in becoming part of a research community. By providing the opportunity for unAddress for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. Gopalan, Depts. of Applied Health, Primary Care and Health Systems, Campus Box 1126, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026-1049 (e-mail: email@example.com). Adv Physiol Educ 42: 68–74, 2018; doi:10.1152/advan.00091.2017.


Osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the elbow occur in 3.4% of adolescent baseball players, and the lesions will inevitably progress without intervention. Fifty percentage of patients who initially presented with advanced lesions had decreased range of motion and pain with activities of daily living. Patients treated early have high return to sports rates. After radiographs are obtained, patients suspected of having an osteochondritis dissecans lesion in the elbow should undergo a magnetic resonance arthrogram to determine the integrity of the cartilage cap. Central lesions with an intact cartilage cap can often be successfully treated with bracing and a course of formal therapy. Patients who fail conservative treatment with a violated cartilage cap can undergo microfracture or fragment fixation. Patients with lesions that extend to the lateral wall require an autograft transfer to restore the structural integrity of the capitellum and prevent instability.


Allergic disease such as atopic dermatitis, asthma and rhinitis is an immune disease characterized by the skin inflammation and the abnormal expression of cytokines including interleukin. It has been reported that the immune response is differently changed according to a kind of a chemical allergens or an inbred mouse strain. However, in preview studies, there have been no trials to elucidate an allergic response in the chronic diseases model. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a phthalic anhydride (PA) as chemical allergen would impact on the immonological factors of several disease model such as TG2576 (Alzheimer's disease model) or NOD (type I diabetes disease model). To accomplish this, the 15% (w/v) PA solution was repeatedly spread on the ear's dorsum of three types of animals including BALB/c, TG2576 and NOD mice and the ear thickness of them was measured by vernier calipers for 12 days. After treatment, the immune response-related factors were detected in the lymph node of three kinds of mice, respectively. The ear thickness indicating degree of skin inflammation was significantly increased in the TG2576 and NOD mice compared with BALB/c mice. Also, interleukin-4 in auricular lymph node was significantly changed in the disease model mice. These findings suggest that the PA solution as chemical allergen can induce the difference on skin inflammation and interleukin-4 expression as the allergic-related immunological factors among the BALB/c, TG2576, NOD mice.


Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder which cause is certain, and mechanism of PTSD has been studied actively for decades. The various kinds of therapy, based on the pathophysiology of PTSD, were applied and among them eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), therapy for sleep, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and psychopharmacotherapy that showed considerable effect for patients with PTSD would be introduced.


In the article, a meandered two-arm monopole with small ground plane is proposed for WLAN USB dongle application. The meandered monopole coupled with ground plane produces a resonant mode at 2.3 GHz and the extended ground excites 2.7 GHz; the higher modes of the two resonant modes are also excited for 5 GHz bands. A slot is added ground plane to adjust the antenna's matching. From the simulated and measured return loss, the 10 dB operating bands cover the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g WLAN application bands. The overall dimensions (45 mm by 5 mm) of the proposed antenna including an antenna portion (10 mm by 5 mm) and a system ground (35 mm by 5 mm) are suitable for applying in a portable wireless device with very small size. Keywords—monopole Antenna, Dongle, WLAN.


405 Table 1 Overall risk of incident CVD events and mortality in incident SLE and RA patients during follow-up Both SLE and RA SLE patients RA patients Wald test p-values


A novel non-autonomous chaotic system with multi-wing and symmetry was proposed by adding a driving signal to a chaotic system based on Lorenz system.The system may have twenty-wing chaotic attractors at a fixed frequency of the input signal.Simulation results show that the chaotic property is preserved in the novel system,and moreover,the complexity of topological structure of attractors is enhanced.Finally,an analog electronic circuit was designed to implement the novel system physically.Experimental results of the novel chaotic circuit well agree with the simulation results.


Measuring efficiency is a critical stage for decision making processes. Although previous studies show many aspects of Islamic banks that outperform conventional banks, this research investigates the most current evidence from banking sector. The purpose of the present study is to measure the efficiency of participation banks and conventional banks in Turkey. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used as a tool to measure the efficiency of sample data for the period from 2015 to 2018 on the annual basis. Results indicated that participation banks show better performance than those of conventional banks in terms of efficiency.


In recent years, the growing market demand in fresh-cut conveniences expanded its interest in minor leafy vegetables with quality properties such as taste and nutraceutical value. Dill is commonly used out of season as dried leaves or spicy seeds in North Europe, while it could be exploited as baby leaf convenience if cultivated in soilless systems, enlarging its availability on the market all year around. Investigations were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen level (4, 8; 16 mM) and NO 3 - -N/NH 4 + -N ratio (20:80; 40:60; 60:40) in the nutrient solution during plant growth, two films with different oxygen permeability levels (high permeability, HP, 1,990 cm 3 m -2 d -1 ; low permeability, LP, 1,330 cm 3 m -2 d -1 ) and storage temperatures (4, 12°C) during shelf-life on the essential oil profile of minimally processed dill with a 7-day shelf-life. Two experiments were performed in November 2006. Dill was grown in 60-cell styrofoam trays using a floating irrigation system in greenhouse. At harvest, dill was packaged in polypropylene flowpack in tray. Essential oil profile was analyzed at harvest and at the end of the shelf-life. Fresh weight loss was daily measured during shelf-life. At harvest, the essential oil profile was not significantly influenced by either N level or NO 3 - -N/NH a + -N ratio. After 7 days of shelf-life, fresh weight loss was greater at 12°C (1.5%) than at 4°C (0.5%); few compounds as limonene, anethole, carvone were not detected; myristicin decreased mainly using HP film (1 st exp. 37%; 2 nd exp. 55%). Furthermore, α-phellandrene and β-phellandrene increased in the samples stored at 12°C (1 st exp.), and decreased in the samples packaged with HP film and stored at 4°C (2 nd exp.). Using the soilless culture system, dill was harvested at a younger stage than in commercial fields, limiting its effect on the essential oil profile, that reaches its optimal quality and concentration peak later in the growth stage. The essential oil profile was instead affected by the postharvest conditions.


Global Context It has been estimated that globally almost 73 million young people are looking for work, an increase of nearly three and a half million since 2007 (ILO 2015). Advanced economies are experiencing persistent youth unemployment, a proliferation of temporary jobs and increasing disillusionment among many young people in their job futures. In developing countries, poor quality, informal, subsistence jobs have increasingly become the norm (ILO 2013). Throughout countries within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), young people must rely on casual work, have less control of planning their lives either financially or socially, change their job status more regularly, and pursue further study without a guarantee that they will end up in satisfying and secure forms of work. In Europe, as elsewhere in the world, common causes of unemployment and disengagement of young people include: early school leaving without qualifications; lack of relevant skills and lack of work experience; precarious employment followed by spells of unemployment; limited training opportunities; and a paucity of effective labour market programmes (European Commission 2011).


Based on the experiment of applying different irrigations to research the semi-humid regions of Shaanxi.The soil moisture characteristics and water utilization of winter wheat in different planting modes are studied.The results show that watergathering of plastic ridging and furrow drilling is effective,senescence of winter wheat is prevented to some extent,has an obvious effect of yield increase and economic increase,and WUE of it is higher than that of conventional flat planting wheat and ridging and furrow drilling wheat.


Qualitative training of specialists is a priority direction of educational institutions. Information is one of the subjects of work of the company's specialists, without having a clear structured information base, which specialists can not take the right management decision, which jeopardizes the company's activities.


The current theory of the diffraction of X-rays by a cylindrical lattice is supplemented, and the influence of some misfit boundaries discussed. The numerical computation of diffraction profiles of some reflections was carried out, and the influence of the curvature, wall thickness, incompleteness and the presence of several types of misfit boundaries determined.


By the combination of cold working after solution heat treatment and age hardening the mechanical properties of the aluminium alloy EN AW AlMgSi and the copper alloy CuNi1,5Si could be improved. The aging time could be reduced from about ten hours to two hours. Further it was found that shortest total process times can be realised by fast heating.


A compact third order bandpass filter (BPF) using dual and trimode resonators is proposed. To achieve compact size with wide and highly attenuated stopband with achievable fractional bandwidth (FBW), the proposed filter is designed using a dual‐mode resonator in the form of a low‐impedance feeding network and a trimode resonator formed using a miniaturized (one twelfth of a wavelength) parallel‐coupled structure loaded with folded open‐ended stubs of high/low‐impedances and a semiannular resonator. To enable using easy to manufacture dimensions, the coupled structure of the resonator is designed to have moderate mode impedances. A complete design procedure for the filter is explained. Finally, a compact penta‐mode BPF with 35% FBW with sharp upper and lower cutoffs is built and tested. The simulated and measured performance of the filter show less than 0.3 dB insertion loss in the passband and more than 32 dB attenuation across a wide stopband with sharp upper (107 dB/GHz) and lower cutoff (96 dB/GHz) skirts. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2824–2829, 2015


Nowadays, oily wastewater is increasing along with the growth of various industries. So, wastewater treatment is necessary in order to protect the environment. In this study, a mullite ceramic membrane was prepared. Then, oily wastewater treatment with 200 mg L-1 concentration was investigated by the response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) using Design-Expert 7.0.0 software. Membrane characterization was done using XRD, SEM, and porosity analysis. Based on XRD results, the major phase of the membrane was mullite. Furthermore, according to SEM image and porosity analysis, the pore size and the membrane porosity were 1.7 μm, 47 %, respectively. The experimental parameters were temperature (T, 20 - 40 oC), pressure (P, 2 - 4 bar) and cross flow velocity (CFV, 0.5-1.5 m s-1). In addition, the flux was considered as the response. The optimum conditions for achieving the maximum response were 39.62 oC of T, 3.92 bar of P, and 1.34 m s-1 of CFV. The maximum permeate flux was 42.93 L m-2 h-1. The rejection was investigated under different pressure from 2 to 4 bars. The maximum rejection was observed at 2 bars with the amount of 97.4 %.


A key factor for the success of supervised remote sensing image classification is the definition of an efficient training set. Suboptimality in the selection of the training samples can bring to low classification performance. Active learning algorithms aim at building the training set in a smart and efficient way, by finding the most relevant samples for model improvement and thus iteratively improving the classification performance. In uncertaintybased approaches, a user-defined heuristic ranks the unlabeled samples according to the classifier's uncertainty about their class membership. Finally, the user is asked to define the labels of the pixels scoring maximum uncertainty. In the present work, an unbiased uncertainty scoring function encouraging sampling diversity is investigated. A modified version of the Entropy Query by Bagging (EQB) approach is presented and tested on very high resolution imagery using both SVM and LDA classifiers. Advantages of favoring diversity in the heuristics are discussed. By the diverse sampling it enhances, the unbiased approach proposed leads to higher convergence rates in the first iterations for both the models considered.


The invention discloses an improving method of hydrophilic property on the stainless steel surface, which is characterized by the following: adopting acid or alkaline disposing liquid to react with stainless steel surface with chrome or nickel or titanium under high temperature; generating film with little contact angle; improving the hydrophilic property of stainless steel surface.


The present invention discloses a method for the RLC transmission, the method comprising: transmitting end starts to monitor the transmitted timer upper layer PDU, and in this timer, not received from the upper layer PDU receiving end when confirmation indication, all without the need to retain the buffer area of the upper layer PDU RLC data blocks in all RLC data blocks. Further, the present invention also discloses a RLC transmission system comprising: transmitting means. The method and system provided by the invention can effectively reduce latency, and better support for delay-sensitive traffic class.


The research included preparing nano-activated charcoal from the stem of the eucalyptus trees. The prepared nano-coal particles were diagnosed using various techniques, such as, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) technology.
The research included a spectroscopic study of the adsorption of tamoxifen on the prepared nano-coal, and the results showed that the appropriate concentration is 2.5 × 10-5 molar, with an appropriate weight of the adsorbent material which is 0.4-gram, the time of equilibrium is 40 minutes, and the percentage of adsorption efficiency increases with passing time, the adsorption process is dependent to a second-degree equation, according to the correlation coefficient (R2), which gave the value of 0.9999. Thermodynamic functions were calculated for the adsorption process at different temperatures (17.5, 27.5, 37.5, and 47.5ºC), and it was found that the adsorption process is a heat emission process (ΔH negative), the adsorption is physical because it is less than 40 kJ/mol, and the free energy is negative (ΔG), and entropy adsorption was negative (ΔS), meaning less random.


BACKGROUND The design of new approaches that help to decrease both the environmental impact of industrial activities and the cost of existing water treatment technologies is becoming a key aspect of research. In the present work, an efficient and easy-to-use electrochemical device designed to dose iron coagulants is presented. RESULTS The proposed device (named as Electrochemically-Assisted Coagulant Production & Dosing Unit, ECU) exhibits an efficient performance in the dosing of coagulants regardless of the ionic conductivity of the water matrixes tested (within the range 100 S cm to 1000 S cm), covering a wide range of potential real surface waters. The behaviour of the ECU device was compared to that of a conventional chemical dosing of iron, showing a better pH (pH around 8 for ECU but lower than 4 for equivalent chemical dosing) and conductivity (decrease for ECU but increase up to 60% for equivalent chemical dosing) control. Moreover, the ECU unit produced a noticeable amount of Fe ions, due to the limited access of atmospheric oxygen inside the device. CONLUSION The device developed overcomes traditional chemical iron dosing and could be potentially applied in uses different from electrocoagulation, as it is the case of Fenton related technologies.


Service Oriented Architecture is being adopted by an increasing number of businesses in order to make their software available through the network, resulting in a
considerable growth in the number of available Web services. The need for an automated way for service integration becomes then a pressing issue. This thesis looks at the major obstacles faced when trying to achieve this goal, including the problem of �nding element mappings across service interfaces. For this, a method is proposed which employs schema matching techniques extended for the speci�cs of Web service de�nitions. A proof of concept service integration assistant is presented, and tested on several case studies. These include the collaboration between mainstream Enterprise
Resource Planning and Product Lifecycle Management software systems -a real-world scenario that illustrates the relevance of this work.


Histologic and immunohistochemical preparation of pathologic fluids containing cellular material is difficult, because the techniques are limited by the amount of cellular material. Similar problems limit the preparation of vitrectomized material. Cytopreparatory techniques, including millipore filter and celloidin bag cell block, have been introduced since 1980 for diagnostic vitrectomies. These techniques are limited by the fact that the specimens cannot be stained using different histologic and immunohistochemical techniques. A second disadvantage of these techniques is that long-term storage of obtained material for later histologic evaluation is not possible. Direct paraffin embedding of vitrectomized specimens is possible, but specimens with low cell numbers are difficult to prepare. Kawan et al introduced a brush cell block technique for diagnosis of bronchial neoplasms, in which histologic evaluation of the tissue can be performed with a small amount of aspirated cells. Herein, we introduce a modification of the technique by Kawan et al to embed vitrectomized material in paraffin.


We present a computational imaging system, inspired by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) framework, that uses interferometry to produce decompositions of light transport in small scenes or volumes. The system decomposes transport according to various attributes of the paths that photons travel through the scene, including where on the source the paths originate, their pathlengths from source to camera through the scene, their wavelength, and their polarization. Since it uses interference, the system can achieve high pathlength resolutions, with the ability to distinguish paths whose lengths differ by as little as ten microns. We describe how to construct and optimize an optical assembly for this technique, and we build a prototype to measure and visualize three-dimensional shape, direct and indirect reflection components, and properties of scattering, refractive/dispersive, and birefringent materials.


We review a novel data representation scheme for NAND flash memory named rank modulation (RM), and discuss its hardware implementation. We show that under the normal threshold voltage (Vth) variations, RM has intrinsic read reliability advantage over conventional multiple-level cells. Test results demonstrating superior reliability using commercial flash chips are reviewed and discussed. We then present a read method based on relative sensing time, which can obtain the rank of all cells in the group in one read cycle. The improvement in reliability and read speed enable similar program-and-verify time in RM as that of conventional MLC flash.


Commonly there is a need to create a "seamless" mosaic for hyperspectral surveys that include multiple adjacent flight-lines. This is done for both visual continuity and to remove line to line radiometric inconsistencies for subsequent analysis. This paper presents a novel empirical approach to generate image mosaics that is two fold. The first step is to apply a per-pixel scattering correction to adjust for BRDF effects. This correction is based on a vegetation index and the mean reflectance of the image. The second step is a leveling procedure that treats each line equally to derive a band by band correction factor that is weighted based on the scan angle of a given pixel. The results show that the scattering correction combined with the leveling procedure can significantly reduces line to line inconsistencies and produce a high quality mosaic.


This report presents an awareness display for supporting family carers of independently living seniors. The focus was on providing awareness and promoting peace of mind. It was developed as part of a graduation project. In a literature research, family care, context awareness systems and state of the art were studied. User research was conducted to further explore the user context and the awareness needs of the family carers. The results of the literature research and user research were used to design a concept of the Family Care Book. In a field study, the final design was tested with end-users, in order to determine if the Family Care Book is able to support the family carer's awareness and provide peace of mind. The increase of senior citizens will put pressure on the professional care system since the number of people providing the care is expected to stay the same. Senior citizens often prefer to live independently in a familiar setting. The trend of seniors living independently is recognized and supported by the government. Senior citizens living on their own can help lower the pressure on the care system. Aging often makes it harder for senior citizens to complete normal daily activities. Therefore it is very important for an independently living senior citizen in the need of a support to have a good supporting net. The family carers, the friends and family, often play an important role especially when a support starts to be needed. Family carers need to be aware of the senior citizens situation in order to provide care in the right way and pick up on changes in the situation. It often is difficult for family carers to be aware which causes them to worry about the senior. Often a balance needs to be found between the senior citizen's desire to live independently in a familiar setting versus the need for a safe living situation. Awareness systems are considered a promising means to support independently living seniors and their caregivers. Currently there are remote monitoring products to capture everyday routines. However acceptance issues arise since the current options do not fit the need and pose a tension between privacy and independence. The results of the literature research confirmed context awareness systems as a promising means to support independently living seniors and their caregivers. The challenge is thus to design a device that incorporates contextawareness technology and fits the need of the family carer and is accepted by both the family carer and the senior. Literature suggested that when seniors notice the benefits of a technology, they are more likely to accept this technology. In an operational research conducted among 8 target users, the needs and wishes of this group were examined. This research provided insight into the lives and worries of the family carers. The research consisted of a contextmapping study and semi-structured interviews. The information need as described by literature and the user research are consistent. The user research confirmed that worries can cover all levels of human needs identified by Maslow. However the awareness displays developed in previous researches never provided awareness of all 5 levels of human needs. Often only the bottom two needs are monitored. The contextmapping study shows awareness is also wanted on all levels of human needs. The exact information can cover all human needs. Based on the literature research, research with the family carers, the awareness needed of the seniors situation to promote peace of mind and how to present the information was determined. The awareness needs included a combination of monitoring sensor data and communication. This combination provides a broader look on the situation and includes the senior in the system. Based on the awareness needs and findings from the user research and related work a final design was developed. The final design is named the Family Care Book. A journal metaphor is used to convey the information to the user. The interaction is based on the personal interest social intimates have for each other and the worries connected to an aging senior. The Family care book does not only tell the family carer when things are going wrong, but also shows when things are going right. The Family Care Book gives an overview of the senior citizens day. Sensors are used to provide a view on the senior's day and indicate when it is going considerably different from normal. Communication through messages is used to share experiences, messages and feelings. In order to verify if the application reached its goal, a prototype was built and tested. The prototype was developed to enable the basic functionalities needed to test if the Family Care Book could help provide awareness and support peace of mind. A field test was conducted with two couples consisting of a family carer and the independently living senior they cared for. The family carer was given an iPhone and the senior had a touch screen in her home with the Family Care Book application. Unfortunately the validation of the test results is limited. In the first test the participants close living distance made the need for awareness support very low. During the second test many problems occurred with conveying the sensor information. The two participant couples involved in the field test confirmed the possible usefulness of the concept. - the Family Care Book is appreciated by the current family carers - the Family Care Book contributes to the family carer's awareness - the Family Care Book will strengthen peace of mind. At the same time it is important to keep in mind that it has little value when there is a small distance between the carer and the carer receiver. Secondly basic computer skills are needed to be capable of using the Family Care Book. A larger-scale user study with a better functioning prototype is needed in order to collect significant results, these preliminary findings do suggest that the approach taken in terms of a portable awareness display which allows sharing practical information with social communication seems promising.


Continuity of functions appears throughout the grades in South African high school (FET (further education and training)) topics as prescribed by the final draft of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement. This article reports on the use of a combined framework of APOS (action-process-object-schema) and DCT (dual coding theories) to analyze data captured in a study which investigated second-year teacher trainees' understanding of the concept of continuity. The study is qualitative in that it reports on these teacher trainees' mental constructions of the concept of continuity of single-valued functions, obtained from analysis of their responses to structured activity sheets. The 12 students in this study specialize in the teaching of mathematics for the FET high school curriculum at a South African education faculty. A two-tiered concurrent approach was attempted, one through student-collaborations and the other through an instructional design worksheet, to develop mathematical understandings of the concept of continuity.


The ability of clinicians to search the medical literature, retrieve relevant research, and critically evaluate the findings and their applicability to their own practice are key skills in developing evidence–based practice in the health work force. The Wellington Medical Library (University of Otago), offers this training for students, as a required part of their coursework in the 4th year of their Medical training. Cohorts of 4th year students from 1994-2003 have now graduated and are completing their final years as house surgeons and registrars in a variety of specialty areas. In a longitudinal study, following on results reported at ICML8, the research team has followed up with these cohorts, in order to investigate the following issues: 1. What are the information seeking behaviours of these young clinicians in relation to queries that arise during clinical practice? 2. How much do they retain of the training undergone during their clinical training years? 3. Has the training they received had an impact on their current ability to search, retrieve and evaluate information relevant to their clinical practice? interviewed a number of clinicians from each of these cohorts, and asked them to complete a search, based on a scenario related to their discipline. This paper reports on the findings, factors affecting the effectiveness of the initial training, and the ongoing use of evidence based information practice by this group of young clinicians.


SUMMARY Indices of abundance of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) from the United States recreational billfish tournament fishery are presented for the period 19731999. The index of weight (kg) per 100 hours-fished was estimated from numbers of billfish caught and reported in the logbooks submitted by recreational tournament coordinators and NMFS observers under the Recreational Billfish Survey Program. The standardization analysis procedure included the following variables: Year, Area, and Season. The standardized index was estimated using Generalized Linear Mixed Models under a delta-lognormal model approach. RESUME Le present document presente les indices d'abondance du makaire bleu (Makaira nigricans) et du makaire blanc (Tetrapturus albidus) captures par la peche sportive americaine pendant la periode 1973-1999. L'indice en poids (kg) par 100 heures de peche a ete estime d'apres le nombre d'istiophorides captures et declares dans les livres de bord remis par les organisateurs des championnats sportifs et les observateurs du NMFS dans le cadre du Recreational Billfish Survey Program. Le processus de standardisation analytique comprenait les variables suivantes: annee, zone et saison. L'indice standardise a ete estime au moyen de modeles lineaires generalises mixtes selon une approche modelique delta-lognormal. RESUMEN


Although surgery is considered the ultimate treatment for hydrocele, sclerotherapy can be a valuable alternative, avoiding postoperative complications such as bleeding, hematoma, wound infections and anesthesia related problems mostly in the elderly. It's also a cost-saving procedure when used in out-patients practice. We treated 50 patients using a 2.5% phenol solution for sclerotherapy. The treatment was successful in 96% of patients, with a mean follow-up of 15.5 months. Only minor complications such as scrotal pain and 1 hematocele occurred. Phenol sclerotherapy nowadays seems to be the best choice for out-patient management of hydrocele in selected cases.


Based on measured water contents and spectral reflectance of the bacterial spots on tomato leaves,we attempted to estimate the water contents of diseased leaves using the Gram—Schmidt transformation algorithm.The results show R694 in visible and R761,R1446,R1940,and R2490 in near-infrared wavelengths were the spectra sensitive to the variations of water contents.Non-linear regression models were then developed to predict water contents using reflectance at R1940 and R2490 using Gram—Schmidt orthogonal transformation algorithm,with high R2(0.724),low relative error(0.52%) and RMSE(0.13).This model was proved superior to the traditional linear model.The findings of this research can provide technical supports for diseases diagnosis of tomato plants under stress.


Optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic studied on the comparative anatomy of two type stem woods of soybean Glycine L.shown that all of them are the diffuse-pores woods.There are a lot of solitary pores and seldom multiple pores in the secondary xylem of wild slybean G.soja.The structural evolutionary approach is G.soja cultured soybean(G.max) indicating that G.soja is primitive and G.max is most evolutionary.


The budget of the European Union (EU budget) provides the EU with the means to finance its policies and to respond to challenges which occur. Due to its scope, the perception of the EU budget is linked to citizens' perception of the EU as a whole, its legitimacy and reputation, as well as the performance of the EU institutions. This briefing analyses public opinion surveys related to the EU budget, in particular citizens' preferences for greater EU financial means and their evaluation of the EU budget as 'good' or 'poor' value for money. It sets the analysis of public opinion in the context of debate on reforming the EU budget and on setting the next multiannual financial framework.


This letter investigates the resonance characteristics and stability problem caused by the interactions of multiparallel LCL-filtered inverters. Compared to single grid-connected inverter, the multiinverter system presents a more challenging resonance issue, where the inverter interactions may excite multiple resonances at various frequencies. This letter proposes a modeling and analysis method based on the current separation scheme. It reveals that an interactive resonant current that circulates between the paralleled three-phase inverters may arise, depending on the current distribution and the system resonance characteristics. This is different from the common resonant current injected into the grid and has yet been discussed before. The analysis with the root loci in the discrete z-domain are carried out with two stability constraints identified, which correspond to the conditions of triggering the interactive resonant current and common resonant current, respectively. Simulations and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.


Recently, the concept of the wireless sensor network in agriculture spread around the world to help farmers to enhance the productivity and quality by continuously monitoring the crops development. In contrast, the environment of farms does not assist the implementation of IoT because of the difficulty to find the power supply. Sometimes, farmers face some difficulty to track their plants because of types of the environment. For example, the desert and high temperature, and the tropical forest and rainy seasons incur harsh operating scenarios. Therefore, this work aims to create a system that helps farmers to track their crops remotely using LoRaWAN technology. The features of the system are very low power consumption and large coverage area of the signal which are the most important features suitable for farming environment. The sensors help give a very important information to farmers too. The work began with selecting the appropriate, cost-effective sensors to be deployed. Then, a design or integration was proposed for the system and the associated peripherals. The system will comprise of a LoRa node, is responsible for collecting data from the sensors, and a LoRa Gateway, that is accountable for receiving the data, to send it to The Things Network (TTN) server. So, the Arduino code will be used to program the sensor to collect data and send it to the gateway to be displayed on TTN. In addition, with the help of integration between the TTN and the Ubidots, the data can be easily analyzed and monitored from the website and the app of Ubidots. Later, the field test implemented on plant for almost one week, to demonstrated the ability of the proposed system to work.


The action of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (oxydevit) was estimated in 204 patients with renal osteodystrophy, osteoporosis of varying etiology, osteomalacia because of malabsorption, congenital rickets-like diseases. The drug was shown to be highly effective in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremia, steroidal and senile osteoporosis. The treatment involved replacement therapy.


Power enterprises need Enterprise Information Portal "EIP" to improve their information integration, facilitate collaboration and take efficient management. The article discusses how to design and implement an EIP project in a power enterprise.


Boolean network robotics concerns the use of Boolean networks, and other models from complex systems science, as robot programs. In this brief contribution, we outline preliminary results on the analysis of the dynamics of BN-robots trained to accomplish a composite task. We show that successful BN-robots are endowed with both robustness and adaptiveness and their dynamical complexity is higher than that of unsuccessful ones.


tion of our Lord's words. It might as easily be said that so strongly stressed a promise of the Lord's speedy coming to deliver His people would supersede the necessity of exhorting them to persevere in prayer for His coming. Whatever difficulty we find here rests really on our failure to estimate aright the inconstancy of our hearts : how quickly in the experience of trial we cease to trust God's promises and to seek to Him for our relief. The measure of our need of encouragement to perseverance is not the length of time through which we must endure, but the lassitude of our faith and our proneness to faint. It may be felt again that the introduction of the coming of the Son of Man in N-.s&dquo; implies the dominating presence of that conception in the preceding ct)ntext/ That would be true, however, only if the Son of Man and His coming were introduced in v.81' as a matter of course. So far is


UK charities involved in clinical research have called for greater public participation in the debate on the use of patients' data, in particular electronic records.

The British Heart Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and Cancer Research UK warned that clinical trials are being delayed because of problems identifying patients suitable for research projects. Time spent recruiting patients is also eroding the money and time available to spend conducting clinical trials, they said.

Mark Walport, director of the Wellcome Trust, said that patients had "a very strong altruistic view" of the use of their medical records for research.

"Surveys show that most patients want their data to be used," he said. "The big challenge is …


Intraoperative aneurysmal rupture (IAR) is one of the most dramatic complications of intracranial intervention. Its frequency, depending on the aneurysm's localization and anatomical features, may reach 50%. IAR leads to the increase of unfavorable outcomes by 1.5–3 times. There exists a variety of techniques aimed to reduce the frequency of this complication, however, all of them have essential limitations.
The review presents analyses of the basic risk factors for IAR and techniques of its prevention, as well as modern approaches directed at the alleviation of this complication's consequences.


Many clinicians advocate multivitamins as an "insurance policy" against inadequate dietary intake. They say these supplements are unlikely to do harm and just might make up for dietary shortfalls that can contribute to chronic disease risk. The main problem with this ap proach, until recently, has been a lack of supporting evidence. But now new data from a large randomized trial are helping to fill the void. In the Physicians' Health Study II (PHS II), a trial of 14, 641 male U.S. physicians who were 50 years of age or older at baseline, a daily multivitamin reduced the incidence of cancer by 8% compared with placebo during 11 years of follow-up. "Although the main reason to take multivitamins is to prevent nutritional deficiency, these data provide support for the potential use of multivitamin supplements in the prevention of cancer in middle-aged and older men," concluded J. Michael Gaziano, MD, MPH, of Harvard Medical School and colleagues. A companion paper from the same study reported no difference in cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes between the multivitamin group and controls.


Dendritic cells (DC) play critical roles in Ag presentation and induction of immunity or tolerance. In previous our study, treatment of agonistic anti-CD40 mAb at that time of oral OVA did not abolish the oral tolerance induction whereas injection of α-galactosylceramide (αGC) blocked the oral tolerance. We demonstrate that treatment of αGC but not anti-CD40 mAb resulted in the full maturation of DC in lamina propria of small intestine (SI-LP) at early time window. This phenomenon caused by activated NKT cells which reside in SI-LP. DC in SI-LP (sLP-DC) from αGC-treated mice exhibited a stronger stimulator against allogeneic T cells than those cells from anti-CD40 mAb-treated mice. Ag presentation capability was also increased in sLP-DC by αGC. Importantly, maturated sLP-DC by αGC induced to differentiate of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th1- and Th2 cells toward intestinal OVA. In contrast, sLP-DC by anti-CD40 mAb treatment failed to generate Th differentiation but were involved in the generation of more numbers of Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells than those from αGC-treated group. On the other hand, the fact that recognition of intestinal Ag of naïve CD4+ T cells occurs in MLN, indicating MLN are privileged in triggering the interactions of sLP-DC and CD4+ T cells. Taken together, systemic treatment of αGC resulted in maturation of sLP-DC by NKT cells in the SI-LP and licensed DC educate CD4+ T cells in MLN, which can abrogate oral tolerance.


This study aims to mngetahui unemployment rate in the district / city in Central Java 2010-2015. And how big factors that affect the level of unemployment in Central Java in 2010-2015 was influential. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression on the data panel, by retrieving data using secondary data derived from the library, books, websites, journals or reports of similar studies and of the agency or institution related such as the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda) These results indicate that the minimum wage of employees partially affect the unemployment rate in the district / city in Central Java, while inflation, poverty, and the GDP is not partial effect. The minimum wage employees, inflation, poverty, and the GDP together greatly affect the unemployment rate in the district / city in Central Java. Minmum wage employees, inflation, poverty levels are able to explain the unemployment rate in the district / city in Central Java at 14.9673%. Thus the government should pay attention to minimum wage employees to the unemployment rate decreases.
Keywords: Employee Minimum Wages, Inflation, poverty rate, the GDP,
Unemployment Rate


This paper presents a formulation for the modeling of a single-link flexible beam that is undergoing slewing motion at an actively controlled pinned end, where the other end of the beam is free. This pinned end, or slewing axis, is of fixed orientation such that the beam rotates in the horizontal plane. A geared dc electric motor is connected to the beam at the slewing axis. A position and a velocity sensor are placed at this hinged location, and their proportional feedback provides a position control system about the slewing axis. The motor characteristics, gear ratio, and the position feedback constant determine an equivalent rotational spring constant, often called the servo stiffness. This paper generalizes the structure's boundary conditions at the slewing axis to include the effects of the servo system. It is shown that the clamped-free beam assumption for the dynamics of the structure is a valid assumption if the ratio of the servo stiffness to beam flexibility is high. However, for moderate or low values of this ratio, the clamped-free beam leads to erroneous system models so that it becomes necessary to consider the effects of the driving servo on the dynamics of the flexible beam.


This article shows how concrete- the first factor in the future formula for success - together with science, concrete precasting plants and concrete chemistry, has been optimized for precast elements. The products from precasting plants already incorporate one of the first additional benefits for the user...


Depending on the composition, Quantum Materials may act as conductors, insulators, semiconductors or even as superconductors. Combinations of different quantum materials are of high interest to explore new phenomena and act as the foundation for future electronic devices at the nanometer scale. Our quantum materials research is widely spread, reaching from defect formation in graphene to the characterization of hybrid quantum materials. We present our work utilizing Low-Voltage Monochromated EELS and Low-Voltage High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (LV HREM). Together, these often improve the contrast to damage ratio obtained on a large class of samples.


This chapter pursues the question how teleological elements and efficient causation were merged in early Stoic cosmology. Stoic determinism is originally introduced in teleological terms, built on a distinction between a global and an inner-worldly perspective on events, in which Nature is the global active principle that determines all inner-worldly events. Additionally, Chrysippus' efficient causality connects inner-worldly causes and their effects and is used to construct a contemporary-style universal causal determinism. The teleological and seemingly mechanical elements are combined in the early Stoic concept of fate (heimarmenē). The Stoics present details of this combination in biological and psychological analogies. It emerges that the early Stoic theories of Nature as world seed and world soul and world agent offer a fascinating solution to the question how science and theology, in particular predetermination, can be joined consistently within cosmology: theological and scientific explanation of the world are two complementary explanations of the same thing.


a general history and analysis of shamanism in Siberia and in Muslim Central Asia, illustrated by many figures: the book focus on history, myths, the day-to-day life of the shamans, their rituals, the music and their ritualistic paraphernalias.


Objective
To evaluate the reliability and validity of the brief version of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep(DBAS-16).

Methods
Participants were out-patients who with insomnia or insomnia comorbided depression disorder or anxiety disorder. All of them were assessed by DBAS-16, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). 30 of them were evaluated by DBAS-16 two weeks later.

Results
230 patients were assessed, 212 pieces of questionnaire with integral answers were collected. The Cronbach α Coefficient of DBAS-16 was 0.786, the Cronbach α coefficients of four subscales were 0.424-0.703. Split-half reliability coefficient of total score was 0.775, split-half reliability coefficient of four subscales were 0.424-0.719. Item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.602 to 0.283(all P<0.05). The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.928, and coefficient of each subscales ranged from 0.709 to 0.907(all P<0.05). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to estimate the construct validity. The fit indices: χ2/df was 1.623, the adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) was 0.882, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.054, incremental fit index (IFI)was 0.899, non-normed fit index (NNFI) was 0.871, comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.895.Total DBAS-16 score significantly correlated with PSQI(r=-0.311, P<0.01), SDS(r=-0.192, P<0.01), SAS(r=-0.162, P<0.01).

Conclusion
The reliability and validity of the brief version of DBAS-16 are adequate.

Key words:
Insomnia; Reliability; Validity; Beliefs; Attitudes


(2014) Fuzzy logic to evaluate driving maneuvers: An integrated approach to improve training. Notice: Changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing and formatting may not be reflected in this document. For a definitive version of this work, please refer to the published source: Abstract—Driver training is one of the interventions aimed at mitigating the number of crashes that involve novice drivers. Our failure to understand what is really important for learners, in terms of risky driving, is one of the many drawbacks restraining us to build better training programs. Currently, there is a need to develop and evaluate Advanced Driving Assistance Systems that could comprehensively assess driving competencies. The aim of this paper is to present a novel Intelligent Driver Training System (IDTS) that analyses crash risks for a given driving situation, providing avenues for improvement and personalisation of driver training programs. The analysis takes into account numerous variables acquired synchronously from the Driver, the Vehicle and the Environment (DVE). The system then segments out the manoeuvres within a drive. This paper further presents the usage of fuzzy set theory to develop the safety inference rules for each manoeuvre executed during the drive. This paper presents a framework and its associated prototype that can be used to comprehensively view and assess complex driving manoeuvres and then provide a comprehensive analysis of the drive used to give feedback to novice drivers.


When the 105000g supernatant from rat brain cerebral cortex was fractionated using chromatography on a Sephadex G-25 Superfine, similar low molecular factors activated adenyl cyclase and adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) phosphodiesterase in rat brain synaptosomes. Therefore a comparative study of the effects of these factors with those of sodium fluoride (NaF) or imidazole was carried out. These factors additively enhanced NaF stimulated adenyl cyclase and did activate the particulate (synaptosomal) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase but not soluble enzyme. These results suggest that these factors act on a distinctly different site from that of NaF and imidazole.


Plant diseases cause signifi cant damage and economic losses in agricultural and horticultural crops every year. Global losses caused by plant pathogens are estimated to be 12% of the potential crop production, despite the continuous release of new resistant cultivars. As a consequence, management strategies including the use of chemical pesticides are often employed inappropriately and indiscriminately. Furthermore, fungi are continually becoming resistant to fungicides and they are at risk of being withdrawn from the market. In addition to reducing crop yield, fungal pathogens often lower crop quality by producing toxins that affect human health. Thus, the replacement of synthetic fungicides by natural products that are nontoxic and specifi c in their action is gaining considerable attention. In tandem, the higher plants contain a wide spectrum of secondary substances having antimicrobial activity. Plant biochemicals and crude extracts have also been reported to have antimicrobial properties against plant pathogens including viruses, fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insects in vitro as well as in vivo. Further, the use of botanicals is regarded as the best suited ecofriendly measure as they are easily biodegradable and safer. Nevertheless, the use of botanicals for the management of plant diseases has not achieved its full potential due to lack of standardization of extraction methods and diffi culties in identifi cation and characterization of antifungal compounds. Thus, the characterization of bioactive compounds has potential for the management of plant diseases using botanicals. In this chapter, the use of botanicals in plant disease management and methods of extraction of bioactive compounds are discussed in detail. 1 Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Botanicals for the Management of Plant Diseases


aGvHD remains a major obstacle to successful HSCT. We report our experience on steroid‐refractory aGvHD III and IV from 1989 to 2017. Ninety patients with aGvHD III or IV were stratified according to the HSCT year: 1989‐1998, 1999‐2007, and 2008‐2017 and to aGvHD extension (GvHD III vs IV) and finally the probability of OS, RI, and TRM was calculated accordingly. aGvHD III patients had a substantial improvement over time: day 100 OS raised from 64% (95% CI 39‐89) in the first cohort to 100% in the latest (P = .022), and it was mainly due to a reduction of TRM (it was 28% [95% CI 12‐65] in the first cohort to 0% in the latest (P = .01). The aGvHD IV patients did not present a significant improvement. Day 100 OS was 42% (95% CI 16‐68) in the first group and 54% (95% CI 25‐83) in the year 2008‐2017 (P = NS), and the day‐100 TRM was very similar (it was 57% [95% CI 36‐90] in the first cohort and 45% [95% CI 23‐89] in the latest (P = NS). We report significant improvements in OS and TRM in patients diagnosed with grade III aGvHD. Patients with the most severe aGvHD appear to have no or fewer benefits on long‐term outcomes.


Direct comparison of the efficacy of cochlear implant designs has been difficult for several reasons. There have been wide variations in patients implanted and many differences in testing protocols for each device. In most instances, even a single patient may have unequal degrees of pathology and duration of deafness in the two ears.


Experimental Procedures.-M11aterials: A 13SC-1 cell line was obtained from lDr. RI. N. Hull; CV-1 was provided by Dr. Leroy McLaren. Simian adenovirus type SA7 was obtained from Dr. R. N. Hull. Snake venom phosphodiesterase, papaini (2X crvstallized), and electrophoretically purified pancreatic DNase I were purchased from Worthington Biochemical Corporation. RNase, sniake venom (Crotalus adamanteus), subtilisin, and alpha-chymotrypsin were obtained from Sigma Chemical Company. P'2-orthophosphate was obtained from the New England Nuclear Corporation. Cesium chloride was purchased from the American Potash Corporation and the Gallard Schlesinger Company. SV40 tumor antiserum was provided by Dr. W. Rowe; and SV40 tumor antigen was obtained from Flow Laboratories (Rockville, Maryland). Virus and cell culture: All cells were routinely propagated in Eagle's (MEM) medium with 10% fetal calf serum. The virus pools were produced by infecting monolayer cultures at a multiplicity of infection of 1-10 in MEM with 5% fetal calf serum and harvesting the infected cells at 36-48 hr postinfection. Virus purification: The virus was concentrated and purified by a procedure to be described in detail elsewhere.5 Briefly, the infected cells were disrupted by sonication; and the resulting virus suspension was treated sequentially with a combination of RNase, DNase, and snake venom followed by subtilisin anid alpha-chymotrypsin. The virus was then concentrated by centrifugation onto a CsCl cushion in a Spinco SW25.1 rotor at 25,000 rpm for 2 hr. The collected virus ban-d was centrifuged at least two times to equilibrium in a CsCl gradient. The final viruts bands were stored at 4?C in 35% CsCl or dialyzed against 0.15 411 NaCl containinig 0.01 Ml sodium phosphate, p1,1 7, and 0.001 M1 ethylenediaminietetraacetate (ED)TA) and stored frozen at 90C. Extraction of viral DNA: 1B3eta-mereaptoethanol (20 ,l) and papain (I mg) were added to each milliliter of dialyzed virus containing approximately 10 mg of virus. The mixture was incubated for 10-12 mini at 37?C or until visible clearing was obtained. Twenlty mg/ml of solid sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was then added and incubation continued for 7 mimi at 37?C. This mixture was extracted at room temperature with an equal volume of phenol containing 0.2% 8-hydroxyquinoline. The aqueous phase was reextracted two times with fresh phenol. Traces of phenol were removed either by dialysis against 0.1 X SSC (SSC = 0.15 Ml NaCl + 0.015 M sodium citrate), or by precipitation and spooling of the DNA witb ethanol. The final preparation was stored in SSC with a drop of chloroform at 4?C. Density of DNA: The buoyant densities of native and alkali-treated viral DNA were determined in an equilibrium density gradient of CsCl containing 0.01 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (tris) buffer, pH 7.4. Alkali-denatured DNA was prepared by exposing DNA, in 0.1 X SSC, to 0.2 N NaOH for 10 min at room temperature followed by neutralization with HCl. In each experiment, Micrococcus lysodeikticus or E. coli DNA was added as a standard. Centrifugations were performed at 25?C and 44,770 rpm in the Spinco model E ultracentrifuge equipped with ultraviolet absorptionl optics. Photographs were analyzed with a Spinco Analytrol densitometer.


When it comes to information, the NHS puts other public services to shame. As one of those big red vehicles with the ladders goes screaming by, for example, do you see the words FIRE ENGINE on its side? Probably not. But an ambulance will always have AMBULANCE on its bodywork. Which I regard as considerate.


This article deals with theory and practice of solar collectors for thermal applications. In the first part the theoretical fundamentals are introduced. The second part is about development of a prototype solar collector. The third part introduces testing and test results of a built prototype.


Today's higher class tags usually are powered by batteries. The battery's capacity and the application's power demand influence the operational lifetime of the tag. Therefore, the designated application and lifetime requirement have to be kept in mind when designing a higher class tag. Moreover, the lifetime requirement needs to be verified in order to ensure the application will be successful. However, verification of the lifetime requirement is usually a very complex task. A verification environment for the application and its lifetime requirement needs to be created manually. After simulation with a battery model the results can be compared to the requirements document. Due to the complex and time-consuming nature of verification this often results in later time-to-market and increasing costs. In this work we present a novel, highly automated methodology to verify battery lifetime requirements. From the requirements document of the higher class UHF RFID tag a verification environment is created automatically. After power estimation is performed a battery model can be connected to the automatically generated lifetime verification environment. Finally, simulation is performed to verify whether the higher class UHF RFID tag fulfills the lifetime requirement of the application. The main benefit of our methodology is a decrease in the verification effort due to the high degree of automation in the creation of the verification environment. Moreover, simulation time is decreased which enables faster exploration of various batteries. This results in faster time-to-market and a reduction of costs.


Antiserum directed to the amphibian bombesin was raised in a guinea pig using the conjugate of N"-glycyl-[1-Glutamine]-bombesin with bovine serum albumin. The major immunologic determinant of this antiserum GP-3303 was shown to reside in the 6-7 sequence of bombesin. Bombesin-like immunoreactivities in gastrointestinal tissue extracts of the pig, dog, monkey, rat and guinea pig were found to be extremely low when measured by the present radioimmunoassay system using antiserum GP-3303. The porcine gastrin releasing peptide recently isolated has the same decapeptide sequence as bombesin (5-14) in the C-terminal region except for the amino acid in position 7 of the bombesin molecule. The very low concentrations of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the mammalian tissue extracts examined in the present study seem to reflect, at least in part, this amino acid substitution in the position corresponding to position 7 of bombesin, since the amino acid is involved in the major immunologic determinant of antiserum GP-3303. The present result also suggests that the bombesin-like immunoreactivity detected in mammalian tissues may be due to a new group of peptides in which the porcine gastrin releasing peptide is included.


The molecular structure of the title compound, C21H26N2O2, shows two intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding interactions. In the crystal structure, molecular chains are formed along the c axis through weak C—H⋯O interactions. Neighbouring chains are weakly associated along the a axis via C—H⋯π interactions.


Abstract A procedure is outlined which adjusts the initial conditions for any prediction model of a planetary fluid such that no motions of the fluid will evolve with high-frequency, gravity-type time scales despite the model's nonlinearity. Any model which can be characterized by a reasonably small Rossby number may be balanced by the method. The technique requires the determination of the normal modes of the linear part of the equations to be integrated—finite difference or spectral—and proceeds by an expansion technique to build up higher order, nonlinear adjustments to the initial state.


Models based on local operators can't preserve texture information. Nonlocal models can be used for many image processing tasks. A main advantage of nonlocal models over classical PDE-based algorithms is the ability to handle textures and repetitive structures. Some nonlocal models along with their Split Bregman algorithms are proposed for image denoising, image inpainting, and image segmentation in this paper. Finally, numerical experiments are shown to validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed models.


The report gives results of a study to develop particulate emission factors based on cutoff size for inhalable particles for the metallurgical-coke industry. After a review of available information characterizing particulate emissions from metallurgical coke plants, the data were summarized and rated in terms of reliability. Size-specific emission factors were developed from these data for the major processes used in the manufacture of metallurgical coke. A detailed process description is presented with emphasis on factors affecting the generation of emissions. A replacement for Section 7.2 (Coke Manufacturing) of EPA report AP-42. A compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors, was prepared, containing the size specific emission factors developed during this program.


Aspect-Oriented programming currently suffers from one increasingly important problem–while there is an abundance of aspect-oriented languages and systems, only few example programs are publicly available. To lighten this situation, we set out to refactor crosscutting concerns into aspects for Open Source Java systems. Aspect Mining (AM) is an important enabler of Aspect-Oriented Refactoring (AOR), and this paper reports about our preliminary experience with automatic and manual aspect refactoring. From this experience we formulate interesting research questions for further research. Aspect-Oriented Programming has been proposed to address limitations in current programming paradigms called the tyranny of the dominant decomposition in literature [8]. While there is an abundance of available languages, currently only few non-trivial examples programs are publicly available. To address this lack of code we started two projects related to aspect-oriented refactoring in the spirit of related work on (A)JHotDraw [9, 1]. Our projects were originally independent of each other: first, we designed an automatic refactoring tool[7] for Eclipse based on fully automatic aspect mining 1 using Dy-nAMiT[3] and conducted three case studies with this tool. Second we are currently working on a project targeted to refactor the open source Java application HSQLDB (http://hsqldb.org/) using a semantics-guided approach. Both our tool and the refactoring project use AspectJ as target language. The purpose of our refactoring tool was to easily generate As-pectJ programs out of Open Source Java applications. However, this goal turned out to be very ambitious. Nevertheless we learned some important lessons for usability of aspect mining results for automatic refactoring which we report in this paper. HSQLDB is a medium-size open source project (65 kLoC), implementing an relational database system. HSQLDB comes with a JUnit test suite which we use to guarantee functional equivalence of our system. Clearly the first step for an aspect-oriented refac-toring is to find relevant crosscutting concerns which actually can be refactored as aspects. We used manual semantics-guided code inspection supported by FEAT[6] to find relevant crosscutting code. As we originally did not intend to use these two projects to evaluate aspect mining techniques, we did not perform our case studies using the same projects. However, we argue that the basic observations and results we report here are inherent to the underlying 1 DynAMiT analyzes call relations without human interaction to derive candidates for crosscutting concerns. We use the term automatic aspect mining for comparable non-interactive techniques. techniques—automatic versus manual aspect refactoring—and are thus …


The sternoclavicular joint is an uncommon site of infection, but it has been found in intravenous drug abusers and in patients recovering from surgery. Nontraumatic cases of pyarthrosis involving the sternoclavicular joint, with associated osteomyelitis, are thought to be the result of hematogenous seeding secondary to bacteremia. The clinical presentation of sternoclavicular pyarthrosis can mimic a neoplastic process, and differentiating these entities poses a diagnostic challenge. The authors present a case of sternoclavicular pyarthrosis and associated osteomyelitis following an acute episode of bacterial sinusitis in an otherwise healthy patient. This unusual presentation prompted a multi-imaging evaluation of the sternoclavicular joint to exclude an underlying neoplasm. The findings on bone scan, CT, and MRI suggested an infectious cause, later confirmed by fine needle aspiration. Bone scan, CT, and MRI examinations provided complimentary information in the evaluation of this musculoskeletal disorder, thereby helping to differentiate between an infectious and a neoplastic process.


A number of variants can contain a product, comprising: a belt tensioner, which moves from a first position to a second position, with a plurality of guide loop assembly comprising: a guiding loop; a belt tensioner, wherein the belt tensioner is attached to the guide loop; and wherein the belt tensioner moves a guiding loop when triggered from a first position to a second position. A number of variants can also contain a slot in the belt tensioner body, is transmitted through the motion to a seat belt anchor or to a guide loop, to move it from a first position to a second position.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods for cerebral tumor found by the eye signs first.Methods 32 cases were analysed retrospectively,the main signs were visual loss and (or)visual field changed.Results 21 cases were diagnosed as cerebral tumor,including 12 cases with pituitary adenoma,5 cases with meningioma, 2 cases with,empty sella 1 case with glioma,1 case with craniopharyngioma.The other 11 cases were diagnosed as cerebral infarction.Conclutions It is nessesary for the patients described above to perform CT MRI and visual field,to be made for a definite diagnosis in order to avoid delaying the treatment opportunity.


The wholesale market of the aquatic products has already become the carrier that aquatic products of our country circulated. It has offered a very good logistics platform for launching the aquatic products and selling the business of distributing in hatches. Logistics standardization is an important element task of improving the logistics operation efficiency of the aquatic products. It can make the aquatic products flow from supplier to the wholesale market smoothly, and finally reach consumer. The development in the future of the market should strengthen standardized consciousness, recommend and propagate standardized management, do a good job of management ol the relevant respect.


In the field of orthopedics many attempts at the standardization of joint motion measurement have been made and various methods have been used, but until now the complexity of the problem has precluded universal acceptance of a single approach. The Neutral Zero Measuring Method, and the SFTR system of measurement developed by the authors and described here, are simple to learn and to apply. They are also easily comprehensible to all users regardless of discipline, language or terminology. With this approach, data can be stored on computer, transmitted, and retrieved worldwide without need for clarification or translation.


We present a novel optical microfabrication technology to directly print polymer suspended-mirror devices (SMDs) on the end face of fiber-optic ferrules. With an own-established optical 3-D <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-printing platform, three kinds of ferrule-top SMDs were rapidly fabricated by using SU-8 photoresist. Optical reflection spectra of the fabricated SMDs were measured and then analyzed by using fast Fourier transform. The application of the ferrule-top SMD as a miniature displacement sensor was experimentally demonstrated.


Abstract Purpose This study investigates the effects of different stimulus repetition rates and multiple electrode recording montages (ipsilateral, contralateral, horizontal, and vertical) on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave V amplitude and latency in infants. Methodology Eleven healthy infants with the mean age of 4.36 ± 1.95 months were involved in this repeated-measure design study. Prior to the actual data collection, several preliminary audiological assessments (otoscopic examination, tympanometry, otoacoustic emission and ABR screening at 35 dB normalized hearing level (dBnHL)) were conducted to ensure that all participants had normal auditory functions. Once qualified, the participants were tested with the ABR using 100-microsecond clicks recorded under the four electrode montages at two stimulus repetition rates (19.1 and 61.1 Hz) and at an intensity level of 35 dBnHL. Results The ABR was shown as present in all participants in all four electrode montages and both stimulus repetition rates. The largest wave V amplitude was recorded in the vertical montage for both stimulus repetition rates. No significant changes (P > 0.05) were noted in the wave V amplitudes in all electrode montages when the stimulus repetition rate was changed from 19.1 to 61.1 Hz. Conclusion This study confirmed that combining the vertical montage with high stimulus repetition rates of 61.1 Hz at 35 dBnHL has the potential for detecting auditory dysfunction in infants, because of the larger and more stable wave V amplitude.


Rocks on top of hills and mountains, cliffs along river banks are widespread in mountainous regions. Rock outcrops are characterized by extremely fragmented and variable microenvironment providing for the highest diversity of habitats for bryophytes. Besides, rock outcrops are known to be places where lots of rare, endemic and relic plant species occur. The flora of vascular plants growing on various rock outcrops in the Middle Urals, and their geographic distribution have been well studied, while the knowledge of saxicolous mosses of the area have remained very poor. The Ural Mountains is a long range located along the boundary between Europe and Asia. It is divided into five parts: the Polar, SubPolar, Northern, Middle and Southern. The Middle Urals extends from 5554' N to 5915' N (Borisevich, 1968) (Fig. 1). It is the lowest part of the Ural Mts., with its western slope on the territory of Perm Province, and the eastern one in Sverdlovsk Province. The relief is rather gentle, with average heights of 300-600 m a.s.l. The highest point is Middle Baseg Mt. (994.8 m) – the main peak of the Basegi range situated in the north-western part of the area. The climate is temperate, more continental on the eastern slope. The coldest month is January with a mean air temperature of –16-17C, while the warmest month is July with a mean of +16-17C. The annual amount of precipitation is 400-500 mm (Kuvshinova, 1968). Most of the territory is covered with boreal forests. Dark coniferous woods of Picea obovata and Abies sibirica predominate on the western slope, while pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests prevail on the eastern slope. The very south of the Middle Urals is covered with forest-steppe plant communities (Krasnoufimsky district) and birchaspen (Betula verrucosa, Populus tremula) forests (Kamensky district). Areas above 650-700 m a.s.l. belong to the subalpine belt with fir and spruce open stands, sometimes with birch (Betula tortuosa), meadows and rock fields. Tundra vegetation is formed on the most windy slopes (Igoshina, 1952; Ignatova et al., 1995). Wide spectrum of rock types is presented in the Middle Urals. According to the concentration of SiO 2 these are divided into acidic (65-80% of SiO 2 – granite, quartzite), medium (52-65% of SiO 2 – diorite, andesite), basic (about THE SAXICOLOUS MOSS FLORA OF THE MIDDLE URALS


In this paper new diffuse solar radiation equations were established for Antalya, Turkey. For this purpose current equations from the literature which were functions of the clearness index and/or the sunshine fraction were examined. 9 equations were selected to determine the regression constants of the new equations. In conclusion the best equation among the new equations was introduced on the basis of different statistical indicators.


With continuous enhancements in single integrated circuit chip applications like high speed computing techniques, data communications, large storage, micro-electromechanical systems, ultra-high frequency, high speed networking, fuel efficient automobiles, cryptocurrencies, digital signal processing, consumer electronics, secured cryptography, robotics, space applications, smart health monitoring systems, smart buildings, and internet of things, there is a need to push the transistor to conduct to the boundary limits of operation to achieve more efficient, more powerful and more intelligent integrated circuits. Real time processing of multimedia signals employs power hungry algorithms such as fast-fourier algorithms, inverse discrete cosine transforms and discrete cosine transforms. They are used to realize multiplier and subtraction logic functions on the chip. Hence adder logic is very crucial in the efficient implementation of these algorithms. In this work the design and simulation of conventional CMOS full-adder and proposed transmission gate buffered full-adder logic circuit is carried out in cadence virtuoso tool in 90nm process technology at a power supply voltage of 1.5V. Simulation results of both the logic circuits are compared and it is observed that transmission gate buffered full-adder circuit offers the lowest power delay product (a reduction of more than 45% value), which is the main objective in the implementation of high speed multimedia processors.


A theoretical and experimental investigation on the electrodynamical properties of open coaxial cylindrical resonators with longitudinal slots on the inner conductor wall is carried out as a means to discriminate the total Q/sub T/ factor and resonant frequency of competing modes in high-power gyrotrons. A detailed study of the potentialities of the corrugated coaxial cavity for mode selection in gyrotron cavity is carried out, and, to our knowledge, this is the first time that experiments are performed to verify the theory.


This paper covers the design and construction of the MFTF cryogenic system and a description of the operating procedures throughout the many functional modes. The coils and the cryopanels for maintaining the high vacuum environment weigh 417,000 kg (920,000 lb) and must be cooled from room temperature to 4.5 k. The cryogenic system for MFTF consists of a closed-loop helium system with a 3000-W helium refrigerator that uses gas-bearing expansion turbines and oil-flooded screw compressors. In addition, liquid helium storage facilities have adequate capacity for standby operation, and a complete helium-purification plant is capable of processing 17 m/sup 3//min (600 scfm). An open-loop liquid nitrogen system (with provision for later addition of a nitrogen recondenser) provides the required refrigeration for the radiation shields that must be maintained at 85 K.


To develop a simple and rapid reversed - phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of dehydroandrographolide in Chuanxinlian tablet in plasma of rat. C18 reversed - phase column (ID,4.0 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm); The mobile phase: methanol-water (55:45) at the rate of 0.7 mL·min-1; detection wavelength: 252 nm. Dehydroandrographolide existed in blood plasma of rat was well detected within 20 minutes , no endogenous compounds were found to interfere it. The calibration curve in plasma was linear well over the range of 0.204 - 10,175 mg· L-1, r = 0.999 3 . The recovery and reproducibility are good. The method is proved suitable for monitoring the change of concentration of dehydroandrographolide.


Against the facts that fires frequently occur in buildings with three functions,this paper analyzes the roots of fires in buildings with three functions based on the structural characteristics and suggests some measures in terms of establishing a system,two principles and six measures.


It is widely accepted that mice are active, social animals. Treadmill running, basal cage activity, and group housing have all been used in order to study these qualities. Running wheel activity has been used extensively as an index of voluntary physical activity and appears to have several correlates in humans. As such running wheel activity has been used to study genetic as well as phenotypic outcomes in various mouse strains. However, the use of running wheels usually imposes conditions of single housing, which preclude social interactions and may impact activity levels due to anxiety. PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine if different running wheel and housing conditions alter activity levels. METHODS: Six outbred female SENCAR mice (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD) were housed under various conditions, involving the number of animals and exercise wheels per cage. Starting at six weeks of age, all six mice were given wheel access to one or two wheels and housed either alone or with a cage mate, and data on distance, duration, and speed of activity was collected. Over the study span of 33 weeks the mice were randomly re-assigned to 1 mouse/1 wheel (total 506 days), 2 mice/1 wheel (64 days), and 2 mice/2 wheel (316 days) combinations (1/1, 2/1, and 2/2 respectively). While data was collected for all combinations, 1/1 and 2/2 were maintained for the longest amount of time due to the primary aim of the study. RESULTS: When standardized per mouse, mice ran significantly less distance per day (p=0.0001) when two mice were housed in the cage regardless of the number of wheels (1/1 = 10.01±4.02, 2/1 = 6.19±3.35, 2/2 = 6.27±3.43 km) as well as less time per day (1/1 = 309.8±109.4, 2/1=186.1±94.5, 2/2=157.4±65.9 mins; p=0.0001). Conversely, speed of activity was significantly faster (p=0.0001) in the 2/2 housing situation (1/1=32.1±5.9, 2/1=33.38±7.0, 2/2=38.4±9.6 m/min). CONCLUSION: Our data shows that singly housing mice leads to increased activity levels, possibly due to the lack of social interaction. Funded by: Department of Defense Grant W81XWH-13-1-0279.


The present invention relates from unsaturated Carbonsaureester available or using the following starting materials: A With A = unsaturated carboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl functions B = saturated carboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl functions PS = phosphine oxide with a carbon linked to the phosphorus hydrocarbon group bearing at least two carboxylic acid groups, C = alcohol component containing one or more compounds having at least two hydroxyl groups, PA1 = phosphine having two carbon to the phosphorus-bonded hydrocarbon groups, each carry at least one hydroxy group, PA2 = phosphine oxide with a carbon linked to the phosphorus hydrocarbon group bearing at least two hydroxyl groups, x => 0 to 1, y = 0 to <1 z = 0 to 0.6 x + y + z = 1 a = 0 to 0.8 b = 0.1 to 0.6, c = 0 to 0.6, z + c = 0.1 to 0.6, wherein the sum of the hydroxyl groups of C, PA1 and PA2 to a deviation of 50% above or below the sum of the carboxylic acid groups of the acid component of A, B corresponds, prepared therefrom unsaturated polyester resins, comprising in addition to such unsaturated Carbonsaureester at least one compound having a C = C double bond or a hetero ring, which / who can pass under the influence of heat, light or ionizing radiation in a chain polymer, and optionally a compound having a C = C double bond which is radically exclusively in a resulting polymer chain can be installed under the influence of heat, light or ionizing radiation and further comprises a phosphinic or phosphonic acid or phosphinic or phosphonic group. From this unfilled and filled, unreinforced and reinforced moldings (thermosets) can be produced.


Hantaviruses are maintained in nature in persistently infected rodents and can also persistently infect cultured mammalian cells, causing little or no cytopathology. An unexpected outcome was our observation of cytophatic effect (CPE) and apoptosis in hantavirus-infected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). Many viruses cause apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which is an important mechanism for eliminating virus-infected cells from the host. One possible mechanism for induction of apoptosis could be mediated by TNF and the members of TNF superfamily. However, our initial results indicated that members of the TNF receptor superfamily did not contribute to the apoptosis that we saw in the HEK293 cells infected with pathogenic hantaviruses. Further research with pathogenic hantaviruses and HEK293 cells at the gene expression level indicated that mitochondrial apoptosis pathway could be important. The aim of this study was to find out whether non-pathogenic hantaviruses cause CPE in HEK293 cells and to detect possible apoptotic mechanisms at the gene expression level. Further we would like to confirm our hypothesis that mitochondrial pathway is important in apoptosis caused by pathogenic hantaviruses. HEK293 cells were infected with non-pathogenic Tula virus or pathogenic viruses Hantaan or Andes and samples were collected in different time points. For the gene expression analysis we used Focused Gene Expression cDNA Array Analysis (GEArrays, SuperArray Bioscience, Frederick, MD, USA). GEArray Q series Human Apoptosis Gene Array was used. Selected genes identified by GEArray analysis will be also analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR to verify transcriptional responses. Additionally, ELISA tests for the quantitative detection of caspase-3 and caspase-9 (Bender MedSystems, Vienna, Austria) were used. In cells infected with Tula virus we found significant gene expression for several members of TNF superfamily (FAS, TNFR, caspase-8) suggesting that non-pathogenic hantaviruses cause apoptosis induced by activation of cell surface death receptors (`extrinsic pathway'). In contrary, our experiments showed increase in caspase-3 and caspase-9 release in cell infected with Hantaan and Andes viruses, telling us that mitochondria play a central role in an `intrinsic' pathway of apoptosis caused by pathogenic hantaviruses. We also showed that hantavirus replication is important in proces of apoptosis in HEK293 cells. Further experiments are in process to confrim our findings.


Objective To evaluate the current therapies on patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in China. Methods To analyze the guidelines application of reperfusions such as thombolytic and primary PCI, aspirin, ACEI, β-blockers and cholesterol lowering agents in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who entered the study from 12 hospitals around the country. Results (1) Almost 1/3 STEMI patients received no reperfusions, 1/2 patients received primary PCI and 1/5 patients received fibrinolytic therapy; (2) Age more than 75 yrs and co-morbidity with diabetes are predictable factors that patients who could not receive any type of reperfusion therapy; (3) Administration of aspirin is nearly 100%; there are improving room for the administration of β-blockers (65.2%-71.4%), ACEI (52.1%-60.4%) and cholesterol lowering agents (69.8%-73.5%); (4) Hospital duration of patients who received primary PCI is shorter than those who did not; (5) The curative effect in hospital of patients who received primary PCI is better than those who did not. Conclusion (1) Besides the time between myocardial infarction onset and treatment (12 hrs) and facilities of the hospitals per se, factors affecting patients to receive reperfusion therapies include: age (75 yrs), presence of DM etc. (2) In our study, even though the door-to-ballon time was longer than the door-to-needle time, the therapentic outcome of primary PCI was better than that of thrombolysis. (3) There are improving room for guidelines application of reperfusions such as fibrinolytic and primary PCI, aspirin, ACEI, β-blockers and cholesterol lowering agents in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in China.


on 0≤ x≤ x∞, with x∞ chosen to be sufficiently large. We discretise the domain with a uniform finite difference mesh, with spacing ∆x. We approximate the spatial derivatives in Equation (S1.1) using a central finite difference approximation, and we integrate Equation (S1.1) using an implicit Euler approximation, giving rise to u i − u j i ∆t = ( u i−1 − 2u j+1 i + u j+1 i+1 ∆x2 ) + u i (1− u j+1 i ), (S1.2) for i= 2, . . . ,m− 1, where m= x∞/∆x+ 1 is the total number of spatial nodes on the finite difference mesh, and the index j represents the time index so that we approximate u(x, t) by uji , where x= (i− 1)∆x and t= j∆t. For all numerical solutions of Equation (S1.1) we enforce no-flux boundary conditions at x= 0 and x= x∞ u 2 − u j+1 1 = 0, (S1.3) u m − u m−1 = 0. (S1.4)


With the Australasian Catholic and Australasian Religious Press Associations hosting their annual gatherings in Melbourne this week, September is the month of religious media conferences. Perhaps because hope springs eternal. This year church media, particularly Catholic media, face a growing challenge: how to deal with bad news about the church. At stake is their credibility.