Mutant RAS are major contributors to cancer and signal from nanoclusters on the plasma membrane (PM), via isoform-specific membrane anchors. However, the same RAS isoform bound to different guanine nucleotides are segregated on the PM. Paradoxically, various segregated RAS nanoclusters all enrich a type of anionic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PS). These findings suggest intricate participation of RAS G-domains in their PM distribution, which have not been explored. We now show that wild-types, oncogenic G12V mutants and membrane anchors of isoforms HRAS, KRAS4A and KRAS4B sort distinct PS species. Mechanistically, shifting orientation states of KRAS4B G-domain exposes residues, such as Arg 73, Arg 102 and Arg 135, to the PM, and contributes to PS acyl chain sorting. Oncogenic mutations may shift orientation states of G-domains. We show that G12V, G12D, G12C, G13D and Q61H mutants of KRAS4B sort distinct PS species. Thus, RAS G-domains fine-tune their lateral distribution on the PM.


A geothermometer based on the exchange of Mg-Tschermak's component between muscovite and biotite ([MgSiAl-r]B : [MgSiAl ,]') is empirically calibrated using data from 43 rocks having the assemblage muscovite + biotite + quartz + plagioclase + garnet + AlrSiOs. Temperatures and pressures for the calibration are determined through the simultaneous application of garnet-biotite geolhermometry and GASP geobarometry. Multiple regression is used to solve for unknowns in the equilibrium thermodynamic expression. Incorporated into the expression are interaction parameters that model nonideality in the mixing of cations within the octahedral sites of both muscovite and biotite. With temperature chosen as the dependent variable, this yields _ 1q0.1!q + 0.0t4789 0P 878.7 45(X3r8 XBr6t^) 4532.671XMs(XMs 2)l ' : l + a o 2 3 7 5 2 7 R l n K


We first sketch a prototype implementation of a battlefield command and control system that maintains shared situation awareness among units. We then analyze the conditions for coordination among units. Common knowledge is critical here and is achieved in the prototype by an arrangement with the formal structure suggested by one account of the notion of theory of mind in psychology. Common knowledge regarding the current state is distinguished from that which provides scaffolding for mission coordination, and the analysis reveals how both are maintained by the prototype. The notions addressed are critical generally for shared situation awareness.


Information dissemination by means of computer networks uses information systems to store, retrieve and transmit knowledge, which are considered very important tools for society nowadays. The concepts of Information Science, their application to the solution of real situations regarding life cycle inventory and the procedures used in Information Technology provide a new direction to Information Science. This article presents an approach regarding life cycle inventories in Brazil and aspects for the concept of information management that gives support to the initiatives of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, contributing to the competitiveness of Brazilian industries in a globalized world.


Differences among the basic mechanical properties such as finess、length、crispation are studied on the nine extra animal fibers named Alpaca、Camel、Mohair、Yak、Rabbit hair、Rctic fox wool、Nyctereutes Ussurienusis mstschie hair、Shawl wool、Superfine wool using the method of comparative research.The result shows: Camel、Yak、Arctic fox wool、Nyctereutes Ussurienusis mstschie hair、Shawl wool、Superfine wool all have good properties in characters and spinning,also soft and bulk in handness,with great potencial in developing high level shell fabric. Alpaca、Mohair and Angora rabbit hair are mostly used in rough products because of their poor spinning property.


Simple Summary Proteoglycans affect multiple molecular and cellular processes during the progression of solid tumors with a highly desmoplastic stroma, such as HCC. Due to their role in enhancing or limiting the traits of cancer cells underlying their aggressiveness, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness, these macromolecules could be exploited as molecular targets or therapeutic agents. Proteoglycans, such as biglycan, versican, syndecan-1, glypican-3, and agrin, promote HCC cell proliferation, EMT, and angiogenesis, while endostatin and proteoglycan 4 were shown to impair cancer neovascularization or to enhance the sensitivity of HCC cells to drugs, such as sorafenib and regorafenib. Based on this evidence, interventional strategies involving the use of humanized monoclonal antibodies, T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors, or recombinant proteins mimicking potentially curative proteoglycans, are being employed or may be adopted in the near future for the treatment of HCC. Abstract Proteoglycans are a class of highly glycosylated proteins expressed in virtually all tissues, which are localized within membranes, but more often in the pericellular space and extracellular matrix (ECM), and are involved in tissue homeostasis and remodeling of the stromal microenvironment during physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and cancer. In general, proteoglycans can perform signaling activities and influence a range of physical, chemical, and biological tissue properties, including the diffusivity of small electrolytes and nutrients and the bioavailability of growth factors. While the dysregulated expression of some proteoglycans is observed in many cancers, whether they act as supporters or limiters of neoplastic progression is still a matter of controversy, as the tumor promoting or suppressive function of some proteoglycans is context dependent. The participation of multiple proteoglycans in organ regeneration (as demonstrated for the liver in hepatectomy mouse models) and in cancer suggests that these molecules actively influence cell growth and motility, thus contributing to key events that characterize neoplastic progression. In this review, we outline the main roles of proteoglycans in the physiology and pathology of cancers, with a special mention to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highlighting the translational potential of proteoglycans as targets or therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease.


. Overcoming the Covid-19 Pandemic is not only the responsibility of the Government, but also the need for synergy and contributions from all elements of the nation, including the community. Efforts that can be used to break the chain ofthespreadofCovid-19aretoapplyobedientbehaviortohealthprotocolsandthe formationofthebody'simmunesystemthroughvaccinationactivities.Thesetwo effortsmustgohandinhandtoachievemaximumprotection.Peopleindifferent countrieshavedifferenthealthbehaviorsaftervaccination.Theaimofthisstudy istofindouttheanalysisoftheliteraturereviewontheDescriptionofPublic HealthBehaviorPost-CovidVaccination.Themethodofthisstudyisaliterature reviewusing15journalsasdatasources,journalsobtainedfromthePubmed andScienceDirectdatabase(2018–2022)withthekeywords"HealthBehavior ORAttitudeANDPostCovidVaccinationNOTPreVaccination".Basedon15 journalsreviewed,itshowsthatingeneralpublichealthbehavioraftervaccination inseveralcountriesisinthegoodcategory.Thereare11scientificarticlesthat showpositivebehaviorinwearingmasks,4articlesontheapplicationofhand hygiene,4articlesonsocialdistancing,1articleonavoidingcrowdsand1article onrestrictingmobility.Therefore,publichealthbehaviorinvariouscountriesafter the Covid vaccination tends to be positive.


The nature of the faint blue objects seen in deep images of the sky has been a source of great puzzlement. Their high surface density and weak clustering argues against their being either the progenitors or the merging components of the present-day bright galaxies. The faint blue counts are interpreted as being due to dwarf elliptical galaxies undergoing their initial starburst at z∼1. The starburst epoch is determined by the decline in the UV background, which results in the stably confined photoionized gas in dark haloes of M ∼ 10 9 M ⊙ being able to cool and settle in the centre of the haloes and undergo star formation


In this paper we introduce the concept of generalized relative logarithmic order and generalized relative lower logarithmic order of an entire function. We investigate some newly developed results on the growth rates of composite entire functions depending on generalized relative logarithmic orders and generalized relative lower logarithmic orders.


1. The moth Spodoptera frugiperda presents an interesting opportunity to study the evolution of reproductive isolation, because it consists of two host races that may be in the process of speciation.


Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) filled with a small amount (1 to 10 wt.%) of titanium-dioxide (TiO/sub 2/) powder proves to be very suitable for studying the molecular motion of polyethylene by means of dielectric spectroscopy. The titanium dioxide acts as an oxidizing agent that induces a small concentration of polar carbonyl groups, which do not alter molecular motion, but couple it to the alternating electric field, The frequency and temperature dependences of molecular-motion processes in LDPE are determined. In particular, it is shown that the temperature dependence of the /spl beta/ process connected with the, glass-rubber transition in polyethylene obeys the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse law, which indicates co-operative behaviour. The dielectrically determined glass-transition temperatures are close to the literature value of about -30/spl deg/C. The unrelaxed permittivity increases with TiO/sub 2/ content by a factor of 1.45 at 35 wt.% TiO/sub 2/. This is lower than expected from models for the permittivity of heterogeneous mixtures. It points towards an inhomogencous TiO/sub 2/ -particle distribution.


Metal (Aluminum) coating was prepared on stainless steel substrate by arc deposition method using TIG Welding machine. Plasma spray is a type of metal coating that is widely used in the industry and its preparation cost is expensive. It is also the most flexible method to apply a wide variety of coatings on a substrate. To reduce the cost of the set-up, the plasma will be generated by using a TIG welding machine to replace the plasma spray. The use of powder which is aluminium as a coating raw material causes almost no restrictions on the use of coating materials used in the plasma melting process. The changing parameters in this experiment are the angle nozzle powder and the flow rate of the working gas which is Argon (Ar) gas and the substrate used is SUS304 stainless steel and the feedstock powder used is Aluminium (Al) powder with an average size of 5 μm. Flow rate used in this study was 10,20 and 30 l/min of Ar and the powder nozzle spray angle was 45°, The live image, diameter, thickness, and surface roughness of the coatings were systematically analyzed using LEXT OLS5000 3D Measuring Laser Microscope.


Reservoir permeability estimation from wireline logs is the most difficult task for petrophysicists. Many studies have shown that the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is the most promising tool to date, because of its ability to learn and generalise. This paper presents an improved fuzzy neural network (FNN) to solve the same problem. In the example presented, this model is stable with fast convergence and gives smaller error compared to BPNN and previous FNN methods.


"National defense is the arsenal's problem" claimed banners in 1996-97 demonstrations by French armament workers. And so it certainly was for centuries. However, their ongoing restructuring experiences the greatest difficulties within the defense industry. This paper investigates the specific nature of the arsenal's organization, and its impact on existing restructuring and conversion plans. We argue that, because of the lack of capital, an arsenal cannot be considered as a regular firm. Any public policy in that field must therefore first decide between an institutional status quo (and fully accept the associated constraints) or a radical transformation aimed at capitalizing the existing assets and activities in an independent firm. We show that compromise solutions inevitably weaken the former arsenal's coherence, without securing its long-term economic viability.


African Americans actively participated in the Second World War 1939-1945 AD. Behind their participation was high hopes for obtaining their rights as first-class citizens, after the discriminatory practices they were subjected to by both the government and society, but despite that, African Americans suffered from The same racist treatment even within the military institution, which led to an increase in the demands, and they began to organize themselves more to obtain the desired goal of freedom and equality.


The invention provides a production method of a damping sound absorption material containing kapok fiber, relates to a production processing technology of a sound absorption plate and belongs to the technical field of production of vibration damping composite materials. After ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber is plasticated at normal temperature, 2,2'-methylene bi(4-methyl-6-tert-butyl phenol) is added for mixing, then kapok fiber is added and mixing is carried out again, and finally a rubber slice after mixing is placed on a vulcanizing machine to be subjected to hot pressing, so that the damping sound absorption material containing kapok fiber is formed. The production method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that the kapok fiber with hollowness reaching up to 80-90% is introduced into a damping material and the damping sound absorption material is obtained by utilizing the characteristic that the kapok fiber is high in hollowness and contains more static air; and the damping sound absorption performance of the obtained damping sound absorption material can be adjusted as required, a processing method and an adjusting method of the damping sound absorption material are simple and easy, and the damping sound absorption material is applicable to industrial production.


Reform of education programs to train high quality, well-rounded students is urgent for China, and many Chinese universities are making efforts in this direction. Sydney University of Australia started to offer combined degrees in many fields in the fall of 2001. The main idea of combined degree is to integrate two professional majors in a 5-year program, and students can get two academic degrees when they graduate. This is a constructive step. It provides Chinese counterparts with good reference.


Using 4 ΄ -methoxy-5-hydroxyisoflavone and 4΄,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone as leding compounds, 6-methoxy-2 H -phenanthro[9,10- c ]pyrazol-11-ol ( 1a ) and 9-methoxy-2 H -phenanthro [9,10- c ]pyrazol-6,11-diol ( 1b ) were synthesized by two dehydration processes in the EtOH solution. They were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. The black prism crystal of 1a was grown by the slow solvent evaporation technique from 40:1 (v/v) CHCl 3 /MeOH, and it was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the crystal structure, 1a was stabilized by intramolecular (O–H···N) and intermolecular (N–H···O, O–H···O, π ··· π , C–H··· π ) interactions. In addition, the fluorescence properties of 1a and 1b in the base and neutral media revealed that they possessed excited state intramolecular proton transfer phenomena (ESIPT).


Mesoscale eddies shape the Beaufort Gyre response to Ekman pumping, but their transient dynamics are poorly understood. Climate models commonly use the Gent–McWilliams (GM) parameterization, taking the eddystreamfunction c * to be proportional to an isopycnal slope s and aneddydiffusivity K . Thislocal-in-time parameterization leads to exponential equilibration of currents. Here, an idealized, eddy-resolving Beaufort Gyre model is used to demonstrate that c * carries a finite memory of past ocean states, violating a key GM assumption.Asaconsequence,anequilibratinggyrefollowsaspiralsinktrajectoryimplyingtheexistenceofa damped mode of variability—the eddy memory (EM) mode. The EM mode manifests during the spinup as a 15% overshoot in isopycnal slope (2000km 3 freshwater content overshoot) and cannot be explained by the GM parameterization. An improved parameterization is developed, such that c * is proportional to an effective isopycnal slope s *, carrying a finite memory g of past slopes. Introducing eddy memory explains the model results and brings to light an oscillation with a period 2 p ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi T E g p ' 50yr, where the eddy diffusion time scale T E ; 10yr and g ' 6yr are diagnosed from the eddy-resolving model. The EM mode increases the Ekman-driven gyre varianceby g / T E ' 50% 6 15%,a fractionthatstaysrelativelyconstantdespitebothtime scales decreasing with increased mean forcing. This study suggests that the EM mode is a general property of rotating turbulent flows and highlights the need for better observational constraints on transient eddy field characteristics.


A hole-pin modular fixture automatic designing method which can eliminate the component inaccuracy of the fixture is proposed in this paper, and a hole-pin modular fixture system combining software and hardware is designed. The dependence of the fixture manufacturing accuracy is avoided by this system, which can reduce the fixture manufacturing accuracy, then enormously reduce the cost of the hole-pin modular fixture. First, an ideal fixture locating plan is created using the theoretical size. Then the true position of the work-piece relative to the fixture considering the actual size of components is solved with the establishment of a mathematical model. Finally, a software prototype system is developed based on the secondary developing tools Pro/Toolkit and language VC++6.0 on the Pro/E developing platform.


We derive a system of nonpolynomial Schroedinger equations for one-dimensional wave functions of two components in a binary self-attractive Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in a cigar-shaped trap. The system is obtained by means of the variational approximation, starting from the coupled three-dimensional (3D) Gross-Pitaevskii equations and assuming, as usual, the factorization of 3D wave functions. The system can be obtained in a tractable form under a natural condition of symmetry between the two species. A family of vector (two-component) soliton solutions is constructed. Collisions between orthogonal solitons (ones belonging to the different components) are investigated by means of simulations. The collisions are essentially inelastic. They result in strong excitation of intrinsic vibrations in the solitons, and create a small orthogonal component ('shadow') in each colliding soliton. The collision may initiate collapse, which depends on the mass and velocities of the solitons.


This paper deals with hysteresis in the desired equilibrium exchange rate (DEER) arising from misalignment. When the actual real exchange rate departs from its DEER value current account realizations--and consequently debt service obligations--will differ from those assumed in the initial DEER calculation necessitating its recomputation. The paper derives a formal expression for this hysteresis effect in the DEER studies the convergence properties of a system in which the evolution of actual exchange rates depends on the DEER and provides illustrative calculations of its historical significance. Finally the paper derives and applies rules of thumb for computing the hysteresis effect when considering the rate of approach of an exchange rate to its DEER value.


Paper analyzes the main factors influencing the relations in the triangle Ukraine-Russia West, stating that Russia's unwillingness to see Ukraine among the members of the Euro-Atlantic community of peoples has led to the annexation of the Crimea Ukrainian and Russian armed aggression Moscow in eastern Ukraine. What about Ukraine? The maximum distance itself from Russia, the benefit of the armed aggression of the Kremlin in Ukraine contributes to this, and practical steps to reform all spheres of society persistently to convince the West of the inevitability of Ukraine's membership in NATO. Otherwise Ukraine risks being alone against unpredictable Russia.


We report the effect of dissimilar anion anneals on the properties of layered quantum dot structures exhibiting vertical self-organization. Such anneals may provide an additional means of controlling dot properties, such as composition, size, and position. In addition, the modification of surface strain is critical to the subsequent nucleation of dots after the initial seed layer. Anion exchange may modify the strain at the semiconductor surface. We find that the effects of P2 and As4 anneals on InAs quantum dot size distributions are different. P2 anneals at relatively high temperatures (350 °C) can cause the loss of the three-dimensional morphology due to surface exchange. P2 anneals at lower temperatures (300 °C) appear to improve the uniformity of the dot size distribution. This behavior is not observed for anneals under As4. The dot size uniformity decreases by annealing dots under As4 at 300 °C.


Easy opening of heat sealable tray and topfilm food packaging concepts is often realized by using a peelable seal layer. Peel strength needs to be strong enough to prevent the package from opening during and after storage, transportation and handling at different environmental temperatures. It also needs to be weak enough to be convenient for an ageing population. When designing packaging concepts, a balance needs to be found assuring food quality, safety and convenience. This study presents a method to evaluate and optimize peel performance of a packaging concept with polyethylene seal layer undergoing cool processing at −18°C and 4°C. A design of experiment approach is used as a basis. With a limited amount of tests, models are fitted and experimentally validated to obtain an optimal peel strength of 0.5 N mm−1 at an environmental temperature of 23°C. When measured during thermal treatment at −18°C and 4°C, the peel strength increased but no effect was seen once the seals are tested at 23°C after treatment. Bending of the bottomweb during the peel test slightly decreased peel strength while bending stiffness increased at low temperatures, suggesting a minor impact of bending of the bottomweb related to environmental temperature on the observed peel performance. Increased peel strengths during cool processing were clearly related to a change in seal failure mechanism. Besides cohesive peeling, partial delamination occurred in these stronger seals.


This paper addresses the discussion of the characteristics of microwave signals and their impact on nonlinear dynamic systems. Assuming the system is described by a convenient dynamic polynomial model, it is shown how some important metrics of its output response are determined by the excitation's statistics. Indeed, theory and experiments led to the conclusion that beyond the knowledge of the trajectories in time of the input stimulus, it is of fundamental importance the probability with which each trajectory point is reached.


This paper interprets the concepts of NVQ system in the library, analyses the current situation of the library in China, introduces the legal bases of establishing NVQ system in Chinese libraries, and puts forward some measures for accelerating the establishment of NVQ system in Chinese libraries.


We investigated the double-exchange spin ice (DESI) model on a kagome lattice by Monte Carlo simulation to study the effects of a geometrical frustration, and the mechanism that generates an ordered state in a metallic system. The DESI model on the kagome lattice is a frustrated metallic system due to an effective ferromagnetic interaction between localized spins caused by the double-exchange (DE) mechanism and a uniaxial anisotropy for the localized spins. A dodecagonal spin cluster (named dodecamer), which consists of twelve localized spins, appears at low temperature when the number of particles per site n ≃1/3 – 1/2. Such a dodecamer order is driven by both the kinetic energy gain due to the DE mechanism and the geometrical frustration. We discuss that cluster orders, in general, may be a common feature in itinerant electron systems coupled with frustrated adiabatic fields.


The use of cholera vaccines has been increasingly recognized as an effective control measure in cholera endemic countries. However, guidelines for using vaccination during cholera outbreaks are still to be established, and it remains an open question as to how and when the vaccines should be deployed to best control ongoing cholera outbreaks. Here we formulate a new optimal control model to assess the value of cholera vaccines in epidemic settings and cost-effective optimal times to deploy a vaccine. Our results suggest that as long as the vaccine prices are sufficiently low, vaccination should always start from or immediately after the onset of a cholera outbreak.


The possibilities of automating the batching process of optical elements in the selective assembly of camera lenses are demonstrated. To this end, a subroutine (macro) integrated in Zemax software is developed. The validation results of this macro realizing a sequential method for the batching process of optical elements are demonstrated.


Abstract Any flow in the counterion cloud next to a charged interface causes convection of charge. Conservation of charge requires a streaming potential which exerts an electrical stress on the interface. For a sphere moving near a plane wall, the net electrokinetic force that is produced can be significant at separations equal to many Debye lengths and is always repulsive, regardless of the relative sign of charge on each of the two surfaces. The electrokinetic lift on a sphere, freely rotating and translating in linear shear flow along a plane wall, was calculated numericaly assuming that the zeta potentials of the sphere and the plate are equal and that the Debye length is sufficiently small that the space charge density is not perturbed by flow. Compared to earlier models [S. G. Bike and D. C. Prieve, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 136, 95 (1990)], we have relaxed the lubrication approximation and have accounted more fully for the hydrodynamics, including rotation as well as translation. Although the predictions are in qualitative agreement with all of the experimental observations in Part I, the magnitude of the predictions is too weak to produce the effects observed. We suspect that the Debye length in our experiments is not small enough to allow the perturbation of the counterion cloud caused by flow to be neglected.


Monodispersed Ag nanorods were synthesized using a one-pot synthesis method. These Ag nanorods normally manifest dual surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks. This work presents a study of the variation of SPR peaks with variation in the shape of Ag nanorods. Shape variation was achieved through the degradation of a shape-controlling agent (PVP in this work) under white light irradiance with silica passivation to halt further shape variations. This paper also reports the growth & characterization of thin films of the synthesized rod-shaped silver nanoparticles on glass slides along with studies on band pass filter characteristics of the as-synthesized nanoparticles.


More and more attention is paid on Exhibition economy because of its vast importance.At the same time,as a new growing point for tea industry,tea exhibition economy is understood by more people.This article analyzes the status and existing issues of our nation's tea exhibition econmy,and present measures to develop it, hoping to construct a suitable road for Chinese tea exhibition economy,thus bring a leap to the whole tea industry.


Nat technology is one of the common network technologies applied in Internet. It has been used in Network widely to solve the shortage of IP address under the IPv4 protocol and realizes the relating between IP address and Mac address. This article introduces the concept of NAT and presents the detailed method by showing application examples.


This chapter examines the relationship between war and justice narratives in Croatia, based on focus groups, dyads, and interviews conducted in 2014 and 2015. The war narrative is based on a pervasive conception of self-defence against a larger Serbian aggressor. It contrasts with a justice narrative that is focused on the norms of transitional justice and the expressivist effects of trials. The two narratives exist in the same space and interact with each other. This chapter outlines these narratives and analyses their reproduction. It argues that the emotional war narrative's strength makes it difficult for the justice narrative to take hold and, consequently, for the trickle-down expressivist effects of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and human rights norms to occur. This tolerance for deviance was based on notions of legality that were defined differently in relation to Croats and Serbs.


By study of the virtual instrument based on LabWindows/CVI, the design scheme of general test system for electronic equipments is given, which is constructed by general computer and hardware modules based on the bus technology of PXI and GPIB, users can compile the test software to drive hardware platform and complete the test missions by software instead of traditional instruments. Because users can change software to complete different test missions, it means that it can realize the general purposes and reduce the amount of instruments farthest and improve the maintainability.


This report presents the biological results and conservation recommendations of a 2003 expedition into the forests of southeast Guinea, whose plant and animal species have been little known. Researchers, led by a team from the Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, found 540 species of plants and over 400 animal species, with particular diversity among birds.


Using a semiempirical many-body potential based on the second-moment approximation to the tight-binding method, we performed molecular-dynamics simulations to compute the diffusion constants and shear viscosities of the fcc transition metals Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au and the simple fcc metals Al and Pb in the liquid phase; in the case of Ni and Pb, we also computed the dynamic structure factors. Comparison of the molecular-dynamics results with available experimental data shows that the tight-binding potentials give a reasonable description of the dynamic properties of the liquid metals considered, in spite of having been parametrized on the basis of solid-state data.


PARALYTIC ileus may occur in many situations. However, it is uncommon in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage unless shock, electrolyte imbalance, peritonitis or obstruction is present. In the 5 cases presented below, paralytic ileus followed the administration of Banthine or pro-Banthine during treatment for gastrointestinal hemorrhage. This sequela of Banthine therapy has not been observed in this hospital unless frank hemorrhage into the bowel has been present. Three of the patients had peptic ulcers, 1 had esophageal varices, and 1 had lymphosarcoma infiltrating the stomach. Case Reports Case 1. F.M., a 65-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital because of weakness . . .


The paper describes the methodology and the software development of XWRAP, an XML-enabled wrapper construction system for semi-automatic generation of wrapper programs. By XML-enabled we mean that the metadata about information content that are implicit in the original Web pages will be extracted and encoded explicitly as XML tags in the wrapped documents. In addition, the query based content filtering process is performed against the XML documents. The XWRAP wrapper generation framework has three distinct features. First, it explicitly separates tasks of building wrappers that are specific to a Web source from the tasks that are repetitive for any source, and uses a component library to provide basic building blocks for wrapper programs. Second, it provides a user friendly interface program to allow wrapper developers to generate their wrapper code with a few mouse clicks. Third and most importantly, we introduce and develop a two-phase code generation framework. The first phase utilizes an interactive interface facility to encode the source-specific metadata knowledge identified by individual wrapper developers as declarative information extraction rules. The second phase combines the information extraction rules generated at the first phase with the XWRAP component library to construct an executable wrapper program for the given Web source. We report the initial experiments on performance of the XWRAP code generation system and the wrapper programs generated by XWRAP.


A class of models for describing the behavior of software failures is presented. The models fit into the framework of dynamic general linear models. The motivation for the models and inferences made using linear Bayesian methods are discussed. Finally, the models are applied to some actual software failure data.<<ETX>>


Coding head movement involves representing the head's velocity and axis of rotation. The neural representation can then be used to inform perceptual and motor processes. An important motor response to head movement is the compensatory eye movements evoked, one component of which is the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Historically a three-neuron arc has been described as the core of the neural mechanism underlying the generation of the VOR. 1,2 Such a direct line between sensor (the canals) and effector (the eye muscles) implies independent processing of the geometric components of the three-dimensional VOR. 3 A more flexible and robust representation of the movement involves an interactive process in which the activity coding movement in each direction is interpreted in the context of the activity of the others. Many sensory attributes are coded by the activity of a small set of channels, 4 and the closely constrained three-dimensional movement of the head could be efficiently represented by such a system. Psychophysical methods have been developed to investigate channel systems among which is adaptation. After adapting the response to a particular stimulus, the effect on the responses to closely related stimuli can often reveal a channel-coding system. 5,6 Here we use an adaptation technique to provide evidence for a three-channel model underlying the representation of head rotation and generating the vestibulo-ocular reflex of each eye. These channels are conceptually different from those proposed for coding head velocity ranges, 7 as discussed elsewhere. 8


The paper has studied the seismic sequences of magnitude 6 and above in China from 1966 to 1991 and we have found the seismicity at the early stage (3 -7days) follows the following formula:LnS = a-KsTWhere S stands for the seismicity, being the function of T; T stands for the time measured by day; a and Ks are constants. Resolve the constant Ks with least square method and differentiate the types of the seismic sequences with it. A sequence with Ks = 0. 145 belongs to the type of main earthquake, and a sequence with ks0. 145 belongs to the type of swarm. Comparing the results with the traditional differentiating results, we have found that about 86 per cent of sequences belong to the same one of the two types in the two ways. This indicates that the Ks may be a better index to differentiate the type of a sequence at the early stage and wecan use it to predict the seismic tendency after a strong shock.


References Chalvardjian A . 1978 . Sarcoidosis of the female genital tract . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 132 : 78 – 80 . Duszlak EJ , Costello P , Crosson AW . 1982 . Case report pelvic sarcoidosis . Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 6 : 1032 – 1033 . Haines M , Taylor CW . 2003 . Gynecological pathology, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Israel H , Goldstein R . 1973 . Hepatic granulomatosis and sarcoidosis . Annals of Internal Medicine 79 : 669 – 678 . King BP , Esparza AR , Kalm SI et al . 1976 . Sarcoid granulomatous nephritis occurring as isolated renal failure . Archives of Internal Medicine 136 : 241 – 245 . Klein PA , Appel J , Callen JP . 1998 . Sarcoidosis of the vulva: A rare cutaneous manifestation . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 39 : 281 – 283 . Menzin AW , You TT , Deger RB . 1995 . Case report: Sarcoidosis in uterine leiomyoma . International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 48 : 79 – 84 . Rosenfeld SI , Stock W , Breen JL . 1989 . Sarcoidosis of the female genital tract: a case presentation and survey of the world literature . International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 28 : 373 – 380 .


The parallel computational model with data flow sequencing is introduced. Description of the basic principles and features of mpDF, a massively parallel architecture, based on the dataflow operational model and RISC organizational principles is presented. The analytical performance model is developed to evaluate proposed architectural solution for distributed/parallel computing based on data flow sequencing of instructions. Algorithmic performance model is extended to include characterization of the parallel programs in terms of the average parallelism. Model is solved for number of different workloads. The values of the basic architectural characteristics are analyzed showing that architecture is well balanced providing consistent performance made for wide rage of parallel applications.<<ETX>>


Objective
To investigate the pathologic mechanisms of functional brain regions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients through making comparisons of normal and ADHD children from the perspective of the network nodes with degree centrality(DC) analysis approach of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).

Methods
To carry out data analysis through DC approach on 30 school-age children and 30 ADHD children, both of whom had been examined by resting-state fMRI scans.

Results
It showed that ADHD children's scores were lower in the right posterior cingulate gyrus, left medial superior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus(t=-5.21, -3.53, -4.87, -4.21, -3.56, -4.06). There was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). However, the ADHD group got higher DC scores in the cerebellar anterior lobe, right middle occipital, left middle cingulte gyrus and right middle cingulte gyrus than those of normal children (t=4.27, 4.25, 4.80, 5.33). There was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).

Conclusion
It is deemed that the decrease of DC in the default mode of network (DMN) and frontal gyrus results in the damage of central brain structure, which further leads to ADHD children's difficulties in cognitive memory and executive control. Together with the influence of ADHD cerebral functional compensation, the increase of DC is believed to be connected with executive control disorders and aprosexia. DC is regarded as a new research method to study cognitive disorders of ADHD children.

Key words:
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; Degree centrality; Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; Children


A method for focusing patterning charged particles using a mask with patterned holes is provided to minimize the dame of charged particle by using the mask repetitively. A method for focusing patterning charged particles includes the step for loading the mask which is pattern-punched and has an ion layer or the electrode layers(5,6) on the substrate in the earthed react and forming the electrical condenser lens by applying the voltage to the mask; the step that introduces the charged particle, and that induces the charged particle to the substrate through the pattern of mask and that attaches the charged particle to the substrate.


Nano-particles are likely accumulative and the system is thermodynamics unstable.In order to improve the dispersion of nano-particles,TiO_2/PBA/PMMA coreshell composite particles are prepared by emulsion polymerization,with organized titanium dioxide as the core and acrylic ester monomers as the shell.Factors effecting the polymerization rate of acrylic ester monomers are analyzed,such as organized titanium dioxide,monomer proportion,initiator,emulsion,temperature and ultrasonic time.The particles' composition is also observed.The results show that the prepared TiO_2 particles is superior in core-shell structure with an average size of 251 nm.The distribution of modified nano-TiO_2 becomes obviously narrower and dispersion of the nano-particles is improved.


Parents of children with disabilities are not getting enough help for their education, care and training. The prevailing model of rehabilitation based on institutional care, would absorb more than the total health and education budgets of most developing countries if serious attempts were made to meet the needs of all disabled persons through this approach. Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) has therefore been suggested as an alternative approach to service delivery. For CBR to be a viable service provision a new concept needs to be developed of staff and training. This paper presents an outline of materials that have been developed in Guyana to meet the training needs of a new cadre of worker in the rehabilitation field.


Criteria are derived for objective choice among rival models of multiresponse processes. Formulas are given for the relative posterior probabilities of candidate models and for their goodness of fit as tested on a common data set with Normally distributed errors. The formulas are demonstrated with examples from chemical kinetics and catalysis.


Researched on the finite element modeling building of complex laminal pressure vessel cover,and calculated the temperature,stress and displacement under the thermal and pressure loads.The thermal-structural coupling analysis have been done,and then gotten and analyzed stress field in actual working condition,also demonstrated the security of the laminal pressure vessel cover.The study will offer theoretical reference for farther analysis and study of laminal structure under pressure load.


In applications of Web data integration, we frequently need to identify whether data objects in different data sources represent the same entity in the real world. This problem is known as entity resolution. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for entity resolution for relational data sets, called BARM, consisting of the Blocker, Attribute matchers and the Record Matcher. BARM is convenient for different blocking and matching algorithms to fit into it. For the blocker, we apply the SPectrAl Neighborhood (SPAN), a state-of-the-art blocking algorithm, to our data sets and show that SPAN is effective and efficient. For attribute matchers, we propose the Context Sensitive Value Matching Library (CSVML) for matching attribute values and also an approach to evaluate the goodness of matching functions. CSVML takes the meaning and context of attribute values into consideration and therefore has good performance, as shown in experimental results. We adopt Bayesian network as the record matcher in the framework and propose a method of inference from Bayesian network based on Markov blanket of the network. As a comparison, we also apply three other classifiers, including Decision Tree, Support Vector Machines, and the Naive Bayes classifier to our data sets. Experiments show that Bayesian network is advantageous in the book domain.


This research sought to understand the new meanings of the words woman, couple and mother that today have built women involved in a violent interaction with their mates and how it would help understand the intimate partner violence from a more complex perspective that takes into account the connection between micro and macro - contextual. Through an analysis of narratives of categorical type, it was observed that the stories of three women who participated in the study, not only address situations of power, control or inequality that contribute to the victimization of women and therefore their numbness to change, but also begin to observe narratives colored by desires of self-assessed , prioritized , be an example to others and mainly be builders of their life plan, then positioning themselves as protagonists of their own stories, proud of their triumphs but also recognizing the responsibility they have in their disappointments. Thus, partner violence is no longer a simply war between genres, it s also related to the tension or characteristic imbalance of a transition period where the stories about the feminine and masculine try to reconnect in a different way.


This article deals with selective oxidation of cotton yarn prepared by sodium periodate.The contrast of mechanical properties between cotton yarn and cotton single fibre under different oxidative conditions is carried out.The results show that decrease of the breaking strength of cotton yarn mainly depends on that of relevant single fibre.Also,remarkable negative linear relationship between the dialdehyde content and relevant the breaking strength of oxidative cotton fibre is obtained.


The hardware-in-loop test system for infrared point-type guide missile was introduced;The decoy irradiation and motion characteristics were analyzed; multi-decoy generation mode and principle were studied.


Three new μ-oxo-bis(μ-acetato)diruthenium(III) complexes,trans(μ-O,OH2)-[Ru2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2(bpy)2(H2O)2][PF6]2·3H2O ([1][PF6]2·3H2O; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), trans(μ-O,CN)-[{Ru2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2(bpy)2}2{μ-Ag(CN)2}{μ-Ag2(CN)3}][Ag(CN)2][Ag2(CN)3](CH3CN)4(CH2Cl2) (2), and cis(μ-O,CN)-[Ru2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2(bpy)2(CN)2]·CH3OH·H2O([3]·CH3OH·H2O), have been prepared and their X-ray crystal structures determined. Whereas [1]2+ and 3 are discrete species, 2 is a polymer in which the Ag–CN groups act as bridges through Ru–CN(or NC)–Ag linkages. The discrete complexes dissolve in common solvents, but 2 is only slightly soluble in acetonitrile and dimethyl formamide (DMF) to give fragmented species (denoted as 2′) in solution. Redox waves of 3 were observed at –0.83 (Epc) and +0.76 V (E1/2) versus Ag/AgCl in a solution of 0.1 MnBu4NPF6 in CH2Cl2, which correspond to the Ru2II,III/Ru2III,III and Ru2III,III/Ru2III,IV processes, respectively. The corresponding redox couples (E1/2) of [1]2+ were observed at –0.31 and +0.76 V in 0.1 M NaClO4 aqueous solution. Significantly more negative potentials of the Ru2II,III/Ru2III,III couple for the two cyano complexes (E1/2 = –0.77 V for 2′) are noted. Complexes [1]2+, 2′, and 3 exhibit strong visible absorption bands at λmax = 566 nm (ϵ = 12600 M–1 cm–1; in H2O), 636 nm (21000 M–1 cm–1; in acetonitrile), and 558 nm (18000 M–1 cm–1; in H2O), respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) molecular orbital calculations have been carried out for [1]2+, trans(μ-O,CN)-[Ru2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2(bpy)2(CN)2] (2a, a model compound for 2′), 3, [Ru2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2(py)6]2+ ([4]2+), and trans(μ-O,py)-[Ru2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2(bpy)2(py)2]2+ ([5]2+; py = pyridine). It was revealed that the frontier orbitals of these complexes are dominated by the Ru(dπ)–μ-O(pπ) type π systems. For the cyano complexes, energies of these π-type MOs are lifted up by the interaction with CN–, so that the energy difference with the upper bpy π* orbitals becomes smaller. Thus, whereas the visible absorption bands of [1]2+, [4]2+, and [5]2+ are ascribed to the transitions within the π system metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT), those of 2′ and 3 are ascribed to the HOMO-to-ligand π* (bpy) transition metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and to the mixture of MMCT and MLCT (HOMO–1 to π*), respectively.


COVID-19 pandemic had been announced as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020 which imposed a lot of problems in most of the sectors in the whole world including education. Concurrently, the process of teaching and learning still should be conducted and all of the teachers had to switch their teaching styles and methods from traditional teaching to remote teaching. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the motivation of TESL primary school teachers towards remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed a quantitative design and utilized questionnaire as a method of collecting the data. There were 101 respondents of TESL primary school teachers from various types of schools in one of the districts located in Johor, Malaysia who have been conducting remote teaching consistently since the COVID-19 pandemic hit the country. The findings disclosed that majority of the teachers have high level of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation towards the implementation of remote teaching due to several factors albeit few num-bers of teachers who are still having low level of motivation in conducting remote teaching. Future study should involve teachers or respondents from all over Malaysia in order to have more comprehensive findings on this par-ticular topic.


In today's world the need for light-weight vehicles has been an ever-increasing demand. High-strength steels, aluminum (Al) and polymers are already used for weight loss, but significant weight reduction can be accomplished by using low-weight and low-density Magnesium (Mg). Magnesium's light weight, high precision strength and good casting ability make it a promising engineering material for the automotive and aerospace industries. The main tool to increase fuel efficiency of the vehicles is to reduce the weight of the car.This project herein, relies on the use of machine learning, to assist in the development of A.I. to predict alloy compositions that are potentially useful for future metallic alloys. This study shows how a machine learning approach is able to offer acceptable predictions for the mechanical properties of the alloy concerned. The predicted alloy does have desirable mechanical properties but this result should be verified for external properties such as corrosion resistance , to help incorporate this alloy into the automotive industry.


The focus of this panel is the late Justice Scalia and Chevron,1 which is why it may be surprising that I am not really going to talk about Chevron at all, at least not directly. Instead, I am going to speak about Seminole Rock deference,2 which is the cousin of Chevron deference.3 But bear with me: I think that Scalia's evolution on Seminole Rock deference may shed light on how his views might have evolved regarding Chevron deference.First, what is Seminole Rock deference? Seminole Rock deference is like Chevron deference-but with a twist. With Chevron deference, a court may defer to an agency's interpretation of an ambiguous statute.4 With Seminole Rock deference, a court may defer to an agency's interpretation of an ambiguous regulation.5 Seminole Rock has been on the books since 1945. The case arose in the context of war-time price controls.6 In deciding the meaning of one of the regulations, the Supreme Court said that "administrative interpretation becomes of controlling weight unless it is plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation."7 The agency interpretation in that case, however, was announced before the litigation began in a formal document issued contemporaneously with the regulation itself.8 And the decision was understood at first within that context; indeed, the leading scholar of the day dismissed the whole discussion of "controlling weight" as "hardly more than dictum."9 For years, Seminole Rock was understood narrowly.10 Eventually however, courts started drifting away from that limited understanding of Seminole Rock deference. 11And then came Justice Scalia. In a 1997 case called Auer v. Robbins,12 Scalia, writing for the Court, adopted a very broad interpretation of Seminole Rock.13 And his interpretation has come to define Seminole Rock deference. In fact, many now call Seminole Rock deference "Auer deference"-the two names have become interchangeable.14 But Auer deference in many respects is Seminole Rock deference on steroids. Under Auer, many of the limits on Seminole Rock deference are gone.15 Courts, for instance, will defer to informal interpretations announced long after a regulation's promulgation. And even in the very litigation itself, if there is an amicus brief from the agency, courts sometimes will defer to the agency's interpretation.16 At least as originally understood, there is good reason to think that this is not how Seminole Rock deference was supposed to operate. And this is from Scalia of all people. What happened?One of the bedrock principles for understanding Justice Scalia is that he liked law to be predictable. In his world, the rule of law is a law of rules.17 He hated mushy five-part balancing tests. So I think in Auer, he decided that context-specific limits did not make sense; all they did was complicate things. …


CMS' guidelines are helping Medicare Advantage organizations to develop and implement member rewards programs that improve health and prevent injury and illness.


Twenty-three species of fungi (Basidiomycota) which are uncommon or rarely encountered in the Lake States are reported from the forests of the Huron Mountains, Marquette Co., Michigan. Brief descriptions are given and references provided regarding the occurrence of these species in northeastern North America and Michigan. The works of Dr. Alexander H. Smith are especially considered due to his extensive studies of mushrooms in the Lake States.


Regioselective double bond cleavage within 5, required for access to the trans-fused perhydroazulene framework of pseudolaric acid A (1), has been accomplished via a highly diastereoselective intramolecular bromoetherification process, the latter serving a dual role as a protecting group tactic.


To report the first case of Demons-Meigs' syndrome secondary to benign Brenner tumor with high CA125 plasmatic level managed in kara teaching hospital. A 40-year-old female patient was admitted with a 6-month history of abdominal distension. Clinical examination found abdomino-pelvic mass and declive dullness. Abdominal ultrasound found heterogeneous abdomino-pelvic mass of 180 mm in length and a large free ascites. Pelvic computorized tomography scan found heterogeneous extra-uterine mass of 180 mm in length, large ascites without pelvic or lombo-aortic lymphadenopathy or tumoral extension. Front thorax X-ray found bilateral pleural effusion; CA125 plasmatic level was 1138 IU/ml. Median laparotomy allow to aspire 2 liters of ascitic fluid and to perform left adnexectomy. Histological examination of surgery sample diagnosed begnin ovary Brenner tumor. Outcome after surgery was without complications with disappearance of ascites and pleural effusion, and CA125 plasmatic level back to normal value. Demons-Meigs' syndrome is a rare benign ovarian tumor whose symptoms looks like ovarian cancer. Its fundamental characteristic is the disappearance of symptoms after ovarian tumor removal.


The investigations remain the cornerstone in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, the choice of which depends on socioeconomic strata in high burden countries. The use of molecular methods by western world has limited the usage of cytological methods(FNAC) for treatment monitoring only. An effort is made here to highlight the efficiency of cytologic methods in the evaluation of tuberculous lymph nodes. The burden of EPTB and the shift in trend over a period of time was also observed. The data was accessed from RNTCP registers for EPTB proportion and departmental register for the cytomorphologic pattern. The EPTB burden currently was 47% in our set-up with lymph nodes and pleura accounting for more than 50% of the cases, other sites in decreasing order of frequencies were abdominal, osteoarticular, CNS and others. The cytological study portrayed epithelioid granuloma without necrosis as the most common morphological pattern, a majority of them had blood-tinged aspirate with a paltry AFB positivity. The other two categories epithelioid granuloma with necrosis and necrosis without granuloma had cheesy and purulent aspirates with a significant AFB positivity rate. The modern molecular methods have not phased out the credibility of cytological (FNAC) methods for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Cytological methods still remains a sine qua non for diagnosis especially in areas where facilities for molecular tests are not available.


This article presents an ultralow-power (ULP) microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based phase-tracking frequency shift keying (FSK) transceiver (TRX) with an embedded envelop detector-based on–off keying (OOK) wake-up receiver (WuRX). The system supports a shared antenna interface of FSK-matched filter for TRX and a matching network for the FSK receiver (RX) and OOK WuRX. To consume less power, the transmitter employs an adaptive fast switching (AFS) technique for FSK/OOK modulator and uses a high-Q MEMS resonator to get frequency stability. In addition, for better interference filtering, the MEMS-based modulator is shared to provide LO in FSK RX as it owns inherent sidelobe suppression. To support higher blocker/interference rejection with relatively low power, MEMS-based FSK-matched filter plus matching network with current-reuse LNA is co-designed to provide additional passive gain. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS process, the transmitter (TX) generates FSK signals of −11.2 dBm output power at ISM-915 MHz and the data rate is up to 6 Mb/s. At 1 MHz offset, the measured phase noise (PN) is −140.2 and −139.3 dBc/Hz at 926.3 and 932.4 MHz, respectively. By sharing the modulator, the RX exhibits −36.2 dB in-band signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), −77.5 dBm sensitivity at bit error rate (BER) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> working under 2 Mb/s data rate. The TX, FSK RX, and WuRX consume 642 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>@6 Mb/s, 520 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>@2 Mb/s, and 86 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>@200 kb/s, leading to the energy efficiency of 107, 260, and 430 pJ/b, respectively. The proposed TX achieves over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.5\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> better energy efficiency than state-of-the-art results and the FSK RX attains the best FoM with the sensitivity of −77.5 dBm, which are well suited for energy-efficient pico-IoT applications.


1. The biliary excretion of a tracer pulse of sodium [14C] taurocholate injected into the portal vein was compared in adult and near‐term foetal sheep.


Bucher Unipektin AG in Switzerland, and its subsidiary Bucher Alimentech Ltd in New Zealand have been working for decades on researching, developing, and deploying fruit juice and liquid food technologies using ion exchange and adsorptive polymers. There are now close to 100 machines operating in 24 countries on six continents. Our international team of chemists, food scientists and engineers of various disciplines collaborate closely to provide complete skid-mounted solutions applying these technologies.


AbstractThe histories of 1,694 university student psychiatric clinic patients evaluated during 17 consecutive years starting in 1972 were examined for the associations between cocaine use and alcohol abuse, marijuana use and affective disorders, and for gender related differences in those characteristics. All four characteristics/disorders were common for both sexes. Alcohol abuse and marijuana use were more likely for cocaine users than for cocaine abstainers, but those associations were not gender related. Affective disorders were present for 73.4% of all women and 64.7% of all men, but affective disorder rates among cocaine abstainers and users did not differ significantly. Men were more likely than women to give histories of cocaine use and of alcohol abuse while more women reported affective disorders. Those gender related differences were not large but were statistically significant. The findings emphasize the clinical need to complete thorough psychiatric evaluations for all cocaine (and probably o...


Currently, public awareness to use masks has begun to loosen, and people tend to ignore health protocols when doing activities outside the home, one of which is when shopping at the market, because we want to raise public awareness about the importance of implementing health protocols to prevent the spread of Covid 19 through the campaign. use and distribution of masks. The results obtained during this activity were traders who were very enthusiastic about asking about Covid, traders who asked for masks more than rations, and masks that were all used up and this activity received support from market managers well. The conclusion is that activities depend on assumptions, but there is still a need for continuous guidance and supervision by involving related parties.


Because of developments in technology and changes resulting from these developments, interventions towards the environment that we live have increased and then, ecological equilibrium has started to be destroyed. Various environmental problems such as air, water, soil, noise and radioactive pollution have come out owing to increasing industrialization activities, fast pollution rising, unplanned urbanization, global warming and similar reasons which have appeared to support economical power of countries in global world. These problems will both make all beings who live in our blue globe confront all types of negations and these problems will hand down to future generations negatively. Social responsibility concept is a base of environmental accounting which is expressed to account the effects occuring as a result of environmental sources usage in nature. In this sense, our study's main aim is minimizing the environmental harms resulting from economical activities that businesses make come true, preventing wrong pricing by displaying the environmental cost price in pricing and emphasizing the importance of environmental accounting which is a significant way to evaluate both economical and environmental performances of business.


A total of 289 bp and 539 bp fragments of the mitochondrial DNA cyt b and control region(D- loop) of 2 Chinese Gallus gallus subspecies(5 individuals) were sequenced respectively and compared to that of others Gallus issued in Genbank.The results indicated that the two subspecies of gallus gallus in China were the same as subspecies lived in Thailand and its around region.They should belong to one subspecies,and we called it main land type subspecies.It had great differences with subspecies bankiva which located in Java island.It was also suggested that the main land type subspecies sufficed as the matriarchic ancestor of domestic fowls,the domestication might be independently happened in different place and time.


Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a deadly cardiovascular disease that follows a progressive and symptomatic course. This disease presents in approximately 15 cases per million each year and is categorized into five different groups based on established or presumed etiology. The poorly understood role of BMPR II mutation, early onset and severity of symptoms and increased fatality rate associated with IPAH make treatment a challenge for physicians. Current treatment options focus on the three main mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction which is the hallmark of PAH, namely Prostacyclin, Endothelin-1, and Nitric oxide pathways. This review summarizes different mechanisms of action for drugs that are currently available, recently approved or still under investigation. Despite all the progress made in the past decade, a number of obstacles still exist in the way of optimal treatments and outcomes. Currently available drugs (Amlodipine, Ambrisentan, and Sildenafil) may no longer be as effective as the newer generation of drugs, due to better outcomes and favorable modification of disease profile. Some clinical trial drugs have shown significant health improvements in IPAH patients by prolonging vasodilation and inhibiting vasoconstriction. Understanding the mechanism of action for IPAH still remains the key for researchers and physicians to develop novel drugs to treat PAH patients thereby increasing survival rates.


AIMS
As there are very few studies from this region, the present study was done for identifying the etiological agents in superficial infections along with their AMR profile.

BACKGROUND
Superficial pyogenic infection (SPI) is the type of pyogenic infections which involve infections of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and soft tissue. These infections can cause significant morbidity. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged due to rampant use of broad-spectrum agents in superficial pyogenic infections.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the microbial profile in superficial pyogenic infections and study antimicrobial resistance in them.

METHODS
A cross-sectional observational study was done in Department of Microbiology, tertiary care hospital in western Rajasthan. Samples include pus, aspirate from abscess, necrotic tissue, and post-surgical drainage from infected skin, from different sites from patients attending OPD or admitted in IPD and ICU of the hospital. Identification of isolates were carried out by standard bacteriological techniques. The antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of bacterial isolates were determined by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar (HiMedia, India) and in few cases by automated Microscan system as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Wayne, USA.

RESULT
A total 2283 various specimens were received from different areas of healthcare facilities. Pathogenic bacterial isolates were recovered from 303 specimens. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were found to be the main offenders. The effective antibiotics for gram positive isolates were clindamycin, cotrimoxazole, linezolid, tetracycline, and vancomycin and for gram negative bacteria, meropenem, imipenem and amikacin were seen to be effective.

CONCLUSION
This study can help to formulate local antibiotic policy which restrict the unsupervised antibiotic use and strengthening the antibiotic stewardship practices in hospital.


Based on the research on the fatigue properties of D500 tubular joint series and the studies published in China and abroad, a reliable method which can be widely used for calculating the tubular joint fatigue life is established. This paper gives the S-N curves based on a large quantity of test data, and discusses the factors which affect fatigue lift. Local stress-strain method and fracture mechanics method have been used for fatigue lift calcuating analysis. This paper also gives the recommendations for the design of offshore platform tubular joints.


The nano powders of LaCrO3 were prepared by a sol-gel route. The heat capacity of LaCrO3 nano powders from 350 to 550 K was measured by DSC method and expressed as: Cp (LaCrO3) (±0.112) = 166.844 – 8.500 × 103T – 1.022 × 106T 2 (J/(mol?K)) (350-550 K). An EMF measurement assembly was developed with CaF2 as an electrolyte for the gal- vanic cell. From measured EMF data of the reversible cell, () Pt, La2O3, LaF3, O2 (1 atm)|CaF2|O2(1 atm), LaF3, LaCrO3, Cr2O3, Pt(+), and the relevant value of Gibbs free energy, the Gibbs free energy of formation of LaCrO3 was calculated from 700 to 885 K: G fΟ,L aCrO3= 1555.364 + 0.354T (kJ/mol) (700-885 K). And the Gibbs free energy change of reaction from simple oxides La2O3 and Cr2O3 was calculated to be: G fΟ,o x(LaCrO3)= ?94.758 + 8.530 × 102T (kJ/mol) (700-885 K).


The process of sticking of Fe2O3 and iron particles during fluidization was investigated with a visual fluidized bed reactor.The results showed that Fe2O3 would defluidize in reduction gases but not in inert gases,and the sticking point happened around the initial stage of iron nucleation.The sticking of iron particles was observed in both reduction and inert gases.It is indicated that the premise of sticking was the formation of iron.When the fluidization temperature increased from 700 ℃ to 750 ℃,the critical point of sticking occurred 11 min in advance.It is the temperature-determined surface property of metallic iron that leads to the sticking.Scanning electron microscope(SEM) analysis proved that the sticking of Fe2O3 in fluidized bed reduction resulted mainly from iron surfaces with nano/micro structures.


Despite an abundance of literature relating to perceptions and coping strategies of caregivers living in Europe and America, there is only one published qualitative study directly relating to an African context (Hartley et al., 2005). This was conducted in one urban and two rural districts in Uganda and data were collected from 52 families with children with a range of disabilities. The objective was to develop an in-depth understanding of how Ugandan families cope with their children with disabilities in order to provide a basis for community-based rehabilitation services. Many of the findings from this study resonate with Hartley's findings in Uganda.


was seized with oppression of breathing, tightness across the chest, and severe pain in the precordial region. This suffering lasted till morning, when the pain and oppression left her. She was seen on the 11th, when there were no marked symptoms of any kind observable. Pulse 90, soft and regular ; heart sounds normal. Shortly after retiring to bed on the evening of the 11th, the symptoms of the previous night returned rather more severely, and they again disappeared in the morning. On the night of the 12th, another and still more severe attack came on; she suffered greatly until 5 A.M., when, after a severe paroxysm of pain, she exclaimed that something had given way at her heart, and was rushing upwards to her head; then, after one or two gasping respirations, she expired. The body was examined twenty-eight hours after death. Appear-


Racemic tricholomic acid and its threo-isomer (I) were prepared by a new route starting from the diastereoisomers of β-hydroxyglutamic acid (II) through α-mono esters (XI) and γ-benzyloxyamides (XIII).


It is rather strange and not fully understood that some materials decrystallize when exposed to microwave radiation, and it is still debatable if such a transformation is a thermal or non-thermal effect. We hereby report experimental evidences that weight the latter effect. First, a single crystal silicon wafer exposed to microwaves showed strong decrystallization at high temperature. Second, when some areas of the wafer were masked with metal coating, only the exposed areas underwent decrystallization. Transmission electron microscopy analysis, x-ray diffraction data, and thermal conductivity measurements all indicated strong decrystallization, which occurred in the bulk of the material and was not a surface effect. These observations favor the existence of a non-thermal microwave effect.It is rather strange and not fully understood that some materials decrystallize when exposed to microwave radiation, and it is still debatable if such a transformation is a thermal or non-thermal effect. We hereby report experimental evidences that weight the latter effect. First, a single crystal silicon wafer exposed to microwaves showed strong decrystallization at high temperature. Second, when some areas of the wafer were masked with metal coating, only the exposed areas underwent decrystallization. Transmission electron microscopy analysis, x-ray diffraction data, and thermal conductivity measurements all indicated strong decrystallization, which occurred in the bulk of the material and was not a surface effect. These observations favor the existence of a non-thermal microwave effect.


Objective To explore the effect of baicalin on Bax and Bcl-2 expression in mouse model of cerbral ischemia-reperfusion.Methods Thirty Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group(n= 10),reperfusion group(n=10)and baicalin group(n=10).The mouse ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established by carotid artery clamping.Intraperitoneal Baicalin injection was administered 14 days before ischemia-reperfusion injury model establishment.Western blot analysis was used to detect Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression.Results The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was upregulated 4 d after cerebral chemia-reperfusion injury.Baicalin treatment significantly reduced the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 after ischemia-reperfusion injury,and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was reduced(P0.05).Conclusion Baicalin has protective effects on neuron against ischemia-reperfusion injury,and the mechanism may be related to downregulating Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.


In the development of a high-speed railway system, controlling the vibration and noise caused by the system plays an important issue, since the vibration and noise have an influence on the surrounding environment. This study describes the field experiment conducted in September 2015 on the Chengdu–Dujiangyan high-speed railway system where elastic rubber mats – the only countermeasure that is currently applied to reduce vibration and noise in high-speed elevated railway systems in China – were installed in September 2010. The effects of mats under the tracks on noise and vibration were evaluated and analyzed systematically compared to the tracks without mats in the following three aspects: vertical wheel–rail forces; vibration characteristics of the track system, bridge, and ground in combination with the environmental noise characteristics in several frequency domains; and the ride comfort and the interior noise of the vehicle. The results indicate that mats have a negligible effect on the vertical wheel–rail forces, ride comfort, and the interior noise of the vehicle. However, even though they significantly reduce the vibration of the base slab, bridge, and the ground below the mats, vibration of the rails and track slabs above the mats is increased, especially at low frequencies. Mats can also effectively reduce the bridge-borne noise but have little influence on the far-field noise. Furthermore, their control effect on environmental noise and vibration was evaluated in September 2010 and September 2015, showing that mats could effectively minimize the environmental vibration and bridge-borne noise after five years of practical operation, although their control effect declined as their stiffness increased.


It has become evident through the author's research that dynamic load factors are much influenced by solid viscosities for the case of a beam and rod subjected to transverse or longitudinal impulsive loads. This paper, treats the case of the ring subjected to uniformly distributed impulsive loads along the inner and outer edges. Loads are assumed to be damped exponentially. Three-element model is used and solid viscosities are represented by two parameters K and η. Approximate calculations are carried out on the assumption that Poisson's ratio is independent of time. The effects of solid viscosities on dynamic load factors of direct stresses in the circumferential direction at the inner edge are investigated. The analysis implies that, as the values of solid viscosities increase, dynamic load factors decrease remarkably in comparison with those for the case of a beam and rod.


Over the past century, the northeast United States experienced several major droughts, with great economic damage as a consequence. We use the Standardized Precipitation Index to study the change of drought conditions in the northeast United States, using observations and simulations from eight state-of-the-art general circulation models for the period 1901 to 2050. We separated the droughts into two different time scales, 3 months and 12 months, and three different severities, moderate, severe, and extreme. While the models behave quite differently from each other, the ensemble averages of the model simulations showed decreases in the frequencies of droughts in the future. The models project the frequencies of 3-month moderate, severe, and extreme droughts to decrease by about 12%, 20%, and 5% respectively for the first quarter of the 21st century and 13%, 19%, and 11% for the second quarter compared with the 20th century; and 12-month droughts to decrease by 2%, 14%, and 7% during the first quarter and 18.5%, 36%, and 37% during the second quarter of this century. While only the 12-month severe and extreme decreases are statistically significant at the 80% level, and none of the other decreases is statistically significant, the results are consistent with projected precipitation increases, and serve as valuable guidance for water availability planning for the future. This study uses only a precipitation-based index and does not account for potential changes in evaporation. As climate models improve, this study should be repeated analyzing soil moisture simulated by the models.


Total quality management is a criterion for managing people, tasks and processes to ensure a superior service/product quality which guarantees complete customer satisfaction. It is an aspect of management which solely focuses on quality as its prime success factor; total quality management (TQM) is the set of management processes and systems that create delighted customers through empowered employees, leading to higher revenue and lower cost. TQM is an approach to improving the competitiveness, effectiveness and flexibility of a whole organization. TQM represents a substantial change in organization and management philosophy for most organizations. Simply "deciding to do it" and "understanding it" are not enough to create the management systems that are required to launch and sustain a TQM effort. Insight alone does not produce change. As in any other type of major undertaking, an organization needs plan to improve TQM implementation. The aim of this part of the study was to develop an improvement Plan that is formulated, directed, supported and controlled by the highest levels in the organization. This planning is linked to the processes by which the hotel services are fabricated and delivered, after the completion of the plan implementation stage, and as a future work, the results will be evaluated and used to ensure the validity of the proposed theoretical model through the re-testing of the hypotheses introduced in the first part of this research.


In the present paper the study on the Copper-Cobalt ferrites with the general formulae CuxCo(1-x)Fe2O4 (where x=0.45,0.50,0.55,0.60) has been carried out . Solid root method was used to prepare the samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique is used to analyze the samples. X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out .XRD investigation of all the compositions confirm the formation of single phase and tetragonal structure of ferrites .The particle size was calculated with the help of Debye Scherer's formulae using characteristics peaks.


A methods is proposed for detection of illegal load in interwall room of international-class coaches with the use of a modified night vision device. The method makes it possible to estimate quickly the illegal load volume.


Complete stress-strain plots were obtained for high strength concrete containing silica fume by testing 53.4 mm x 106.8 mm cylinders in parallel with two or more instrumented steel tubes. Three curing temperatures of 2, 22, and 38 deg C were investigated. Tests were conducted at the ages of 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) It is possible to obtain the complete stress-strain plot by the technique chosen; (2) Low temperature curing results in lower strengths at early ages; however, the differences diminish at later ages; and (3) Concrete brittleness increases with age. Finally, an attempt has been made to quantify the post peak behaviour by Ductility Indices.(A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 829348.


Since the mid-1970s interest in studying public policy from a comparative perspective has increased.' This research effort reflects a belief that the comparative method can produce knowledge that is, in many respects, both more valuable and more generalizable than studies of a single unit, and that useful comparisons can be made of phenomena both within different governmental units of any society and between national units. By comparing the content of public policies and the ways in which issues emerge and are handled in different nations, for example, we are better able to understand the politics of social choice and the influence of different political cultures and structural arrangements in producing different policy outputs. Merritt and Coombs have put concisely the interactive nature of theory and the comparative method: "The explanation of why something happens in a given system requires the application of a theory. The development and testing of theory requires explicit comparison. Without the systematic cross-system comparisons, we won't develop the theories we need; without these theories we won't explain much of anything, even within a single system."2 The comparative method can also provide important insights for dealing with particular policy problems, or improving the way in which policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation are handled.


Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are evolving as one of the most promising devices for semi-active vibration control of various dynamic systems. In this paper, the suspension system of a car using MR damper is analysed for 2DOF quarter car and 4DOF half car models and then compared with corresponding suspension system using passive damper for ride comfort and handling. Magnetorheological damper is fabricated using a MR fluid of Carbonyl iron powder and Silicone oil added with additive. Experiments are conducted to establish the behaviour of the MR damper and are used to validate Spencer model for MR damper. Further, using the validated Spencer model of MR damper, the quarter car and half car models of Vehicle Suspension system are simulated by implementing a semi-active suspension system for analysing the resulting displacement and acceleration in the car body. The ride comfort and vehicle handling performance of each specific vehicle model with passive suspension system are compared with corresponding semi-active suspension system. The simulation and analysis are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK.


of the Haitian freedom fighters of the past. Like their ancestors, Glover suggests the three authors did not place any restrictions or limitations on the art of storytelling. This book is very important because it fills in the missing pieces found in the hegemonic literary, sociocultural, and political discourses. It also adds to, and provides a critique of, postcolonial discourses. Though postcolonialism is a relatively marginalized field, like this book, it centers the written words of Frankétienne, Fignolé and René Philoctète within the context of spiralism as a revolutionary weapon for change. Furthermore, it de-centers Western literary canon while recentering the importance of Haitian history, folklore and culture.


In near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), a subwavelength sized probe of visible light is used to map the optical properties of a sample with a resolution limited primarily by the tip size and tip to sample separation[1]. NSOM design specifications require that the tip sample distance control should be achieved with sub-nanometer precision. Several distance control mechanisms have been applied to NSOM, including electron tunneling[2,3], capacitance[4], photon tunneling[5], and atomic force[1,6]. The last mechanism detects the atomic force between the tip and sample when they are in very close proximity. Quartz tuning forks have been successfully used as force sensors for tip-sample regulation in NSOM[7,8]. Their very high mechanical quality factor Q( 3 5 10 10 − ) provides a built-in high gain and makes them very sensitive to sub-pN forces when used at or near their resonance frequency ( 4 10 Hz to


The formation and decay of color centers in alkali halides have been studied using a pulsed electron beam. The F and V -type bands reach maximum heights in optical density at the end of the radiation pulse. V k and V 1 bands in KBr appear to show the first order decay kinetics; their room temperature life times are 1.3 and 3.8 µsec, respectively. A fraction of F and F ' bands bleach by the annihilation with migrating V k centers. The activation energies for the disappearance of H , V 1 and V k centers in KBr are found to be 0.09, 0.25 and 0.39±0.02 eV, respectively. A fraction of H centers in KCl decays with a temperature independent time constant (∼0.13 µsec) which is due to the tunneling with nearby F centers. In crystals containing U -centers (H - ions) the F band continues to grow for several microseconds after the pulse. Absorption bands which decay with the same time constant as the F band growth have been found at 775 mµ (KBr) and 725 mµ (KCl).


BackgroundIndividuals with LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL (severe hypercholesterolemia) require treatment with high-intensity statins and should be evaluated for underlying causes including Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH). The characteristics of patients with LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL has been reported in routine healthcare settings, but limited data exist about uninsured populations.ObjectivesTo examine the scope of LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL in a clinic serving uninsured populations.MethodsPatients with LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL at North Dallas Shared Ministries, a charity, community clinic in Dallas, TX, were identified via query of the electronic health record, and data was extracted from medical charts. Patients were interviewed to obtain family history and assess knowledge of cholesterol levels.ResultsAmong 662 patients with lipid measurements, 27 had LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL (67% female, 78% Hispanic, mean age 52 years). Median pretreatment LDL-C was 210.5 mg/dL. Almost all (93%) were prescribed a statin, but only 33% were prescribed high-intensity statin. Treated LDL-C was 141 mg/dL. No patients had an ICD-10 diagnosis of FH, and only 31% had laboratory tests for secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia. Only 15% had any documentation of family history of hypercholesterolemia and/or ASCVD. After interviewing, we discovered previously undocumented family history of hypercholesterolemia in 54% and ASCVD in 31%.ConclusionsAmong the uninsured with LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL in a community clinic, the use of high-intensity statins was suboptimal, and most were not evaluated for causes of severe hypercholesterolemia. Future efforts to address gaps and education are warranted to improve care for severe hypercholesterolemia patients in this vulnerable population.Condensed AbstractFew studies evaluate severe hypercholesterolemia in uninsured populations. We queried the electronic health record at a charity community clinic to characterize individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia. Our results suggest more education is needed for patients and providers regarding severe hypercholesterolemia and FH to better care for this vulnerable population.


This study investigated the effects of soil erosion on technical efficiency of cassava farming in Enugu State, Nigeria with a view to identifying the effects of erosion on cassava production.  A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 200 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected on respondents' socio-economic characteristics such as age, gender, educational level, marital status, farm size, as well as on quantities and prices of inputs and outputs using a pre-tested questionnaire. Technical efficiency (TE) estimates showed that most farmers operated below the production frontier, with a significant difference (p< 0.05) between the mean TE of eroded farms (56 ± 0.19) percent and non-eroded (77 ± 0.17) farms. Farm size, labour, cassava stem cuttings, and fertilizer significantly (p<0.05) increased the level of TE in non-eroded farms, while only fertilizer significantly affected the TE in eroded farms. Significant (p<0.05) inefficiency factors on non-eroded farms were education, age, household size, and extension contact, while education and age were significant (p<0.05) in eroded farms. It was concluded that farmers in eroded farms were less technically efficient in their use of resources than farmers in non-eroded farms in Enugu State. Keywords: Enugu state, Erosion, maximum likelihood, stochastic frontier, technical efficiency


Rationale: CT models of ventilation can be computed from expiratory and inspiratory scans and the relative lung expansion at a lobar level can be used as a surrogate for ventilation. This ventilation model has previously been validated against SPECT [1]. Here we compare models of regional percentage lobar ventilation from CT with 3He MRI measurements of ventilation using multi-modality image registration in a population of 29 asthma patients.
Methods: 29 patients with moderate-to-severe asthma underwent breath-hold CT at TLC and FRC and 3He MRI at FRC+1 liter. In the same breath, 1H MRI was acquired [2]. CT was used to segment the lobes by identification of major fissures in both lungs. These lobar masks were used to calculate percentage regional ventilation per lobe using the inspiration and expiration CT data [1]. 1H MRI was registered to inspiration CT via a diffeomorphic transform using ANTs [3]. As 1H and 3He MRI were acquired in the same breath, the transformation from 1H MRI to CT registration was applied directly to 3He MRI allowing direct comparison of lobar ventilation from CT and 3He.
Figure. Scatter plot of 3He MRI and CT lobar ventilation measurements.
Results: 3He MRI was successfully warped to inspiration CT using the transform derived from the 1H MRI and CT registration. The mean absolute difference between CT and 3He MRI ventilation across lobes was 4.8% (mean±SD for each lobe: RUL+RML=6.2±4.3%; RLL=5.1±5.4%; LUL=4.3±4.1%; LLL=4.8±3.7%). Greater ventilation was seen in upper lobes with 3He and in lower lobes with the CT model (see figure). This is confirmed by Bland-Altman analysis, 95% limits of agreement: RUL+RML (-4.5, 15.7), RLL (-16.3, 6.7), LUL (-5.5, 13.0), LLL (-12.5, 3.4).
Discussion: The mean absolute difference of 4.8% observed is larger than the 2.1% reported previously in a smaller cohort of mild asthmatics against SPECT [1]. The larger difference here may be due to increased asthma severity and differences in the nature of the ventilation measurements (e.g. different gases, image resolutions and registration).
Conclusion: This study compares percentage regional ventilation per lobe calculated by CT models with a more direct measure of gas ventilation with hyperpolarized 3He MRI.
Acknowledgements: The EU FP7 AIRPROM consortium and Novartis provided funding for patient data. BT is funded by the University of Sheffield's James Morrison Fund and Weston Park Hospital Cancer Charity.
References: [1] Radiol 2010;257:854-862, [2] NMR Biomed 2011;24:130-134, [3] Neuroimage 2011;54:2033-2044


Having read the statement from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the press reports about the acquittal of Dhanuson Dharmasena,1 2 3 I am …


The single transferable vote (STV) is a system of preferential voting designed to minimize wasted votes. In STV, a constituency elects two or more representatives per electorate. As a result the constituency is proportionally larger than a single member constituency from each party. Political parties tend to offer as many candidates as they most optimistically could expect to win; the major parties may nominate almost as many candidates as there are seats, while the minor parties and independents rather fewer. STV initially allocates an elector's vote for her most preferred candidate and then, after candidate have been either elected or eliminated, transfers surplus or unused votes according to the voter's stated preferences (ties disallowed). The paper deals with different STV counting methods so that one can compare among them and analyze advantages and drawbacks of them. Since in STV ties are disallowed, so that tie-breaking in STV is important and are discussed in some details. In STV manipulation of voting is sometimes possible and this paper has taken an attempt to give a clear concept of STV manipulation.


This paper introduces a resolving fuzzy technique by use of Sunzi remainder theorem in the wide bandwidth and multiple baseline interferometer receiver,contrasts the remainder theorem resolving ambiguity technique with the normal phase resolving ambiguity technique,describes the Sunzi remainder theorem,and points out the derivation process of resolving fuzzy by use of Sunzi remainder theorem.


As a service platform,the county-level forest land annual renewal information system is established on the basis of open resource data renewal specification,by which data was collected and collaboratively managed,enabling the daily files and archives be timely put into the database.Thus,the forest land use data were renewed annually,supported mainly by 3S technology.


THE IMPACT OF INTERGENERATIONAL PROGRAMS: EVIDENCE FOR EXPANSION by Chelsea L. Gilchrist As the older population of the United States rises to unprecedented numbers, practitioners, researchers, and policymakers are searching for innovative approaches that promote age-integrated communities. Non-familial intergenerational (IG) programs, which establish intentional connections between people who are under 22 years of age and people who are 60 years and older, can be effective and efficient in enhancing communities. The contributions of IG programs to society and to individual development are well supported in practice, theory, and research. Unfortunately, three barriers hinder the expansion of IG programs: evidence spans many disciplines; no systematic categorization and quantification of program outcomes; and limited dissemination of program outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluated IG scholarly literature from several disciplines to categorize and quantify IG program outcomes. Outcome data were organized into a conceptual framework, stratified by central dimensions of human development and age groups. A majority of articles found positive outcomes only among all target participant age groups and dimensions of human development. This evidence further supports the magnitude and potential impact of IG programs on society, community, and the individual.


Considering that approximately a third of all drugs currently on the market is derived from natural products, curcumin attracted attention due to its anticancer, antioxidative, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Unfortunately, its low solubility and depending on that a poor bioavailability are limiting factors for its clinical application. It was shown that the administration of curcumin with piperin, the main component of black pepper, increased the bioavailability of curcumin. In addition, piperine increased the plasma concentration and delayed the elimination of drugs like phenytoin and rifampin, and has antiinflammatory and antifungal properties among others. Considering the literature has shown that for extracting curcumin and piperine, respectively, Soxhlet, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and concentional extraction with ethanol as solvent were used among others. According to the concentional extraction of curcumin with ethanol important parameter like the ethanol concentration was not investigated. In addition the maximum extraction time in this case was only 50 minutes, too short in our opinion. Due to these facts the optimum extraction parameters for the conventional extraction of curcumin from turmeric and of piperine from black pepper, respectively, were investigted in this study, with respect to extraction time of 7-21 hours, ethanol concentration of 10-90 % and drug to solvent ratio of 1:10-1:30.  Response surface methodology was used as a tool to determine the optimum conditions for the extraction of curcumin and piperine, with help of an experimental design, central composite design. The ideal parameter for this conventional extraction of curcumin from turmeric and of piperine from black pepper, respectively, were an extraction time of 15 hours, an ethanol concentration of 70 % (v/v) and a drug to solvent ratio of 1:20.


Abstract The Diagnostic and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) was employed for interpreting nutrient analyses of leaf tissue of guava fruit trees (Psidium guajava L.) cultivated in Punjab, northwest India. Standard reference DRIS norms were established for various nutrient ratios and used to compute DRIS indices, which assessed nutrient balance and order of limitation to yield. The DRIS evaluation and sufficiency range approach were equally effective and in agreement for diagnosing deficiencies of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). The results also show that the position of leaf tissue sampled does not have a major effect on the DRIS diagnosis. Nutrient sufficiency ranges derived from DRIS norms were 1.41–1.65, 0.10–0.17, 0.51–0.97, 1.16–2.12, 0.31–0.51, 0.18–0.28% for N, P, K, Ca, magnesium (Mg), and S and were 105–153, 58–110, 15–29, and 6–16 mg Kg−1 for iron (Fe), Mn, Zn, and Cu, respectively. According to these sufficiency ranges 35, 62, 51, 75, 70, and 68% of samples were sufficient, and 4, 29, 36, 9, 10, and 22% of samples were low in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. More than 50 and 2% of the guava trees selected for sampling was found to deficient in N and P, respectively. For micronutrients, 15, 6, and 7% of samples were found to be low in Mn, Zn, and Cu.


This study examines factors such as academic preparation, socioeconomic status, faculty/student relationships and extracurricular activities in different colleges at a public research university. The goal of this study is to begin to understand the cultures of different broad academic disciplinary areas where students may study advertising and public relations. Student survey responses combined with institutional data about those students did reveal differences based on academic disciplinary areas. Communication students were somewhat less prepared academically, more likely to be the first in their family to attend college, most likely to report having a faculty mentor and most likely to be involved in student media. They also engaged in internship and co-op experiences, used career services and were more active in Greek life than students in most other colleges. Students in business, arts and sciences and professional disciplines also participated in the study and multiple significant differences were found.