A sol–gel synthesis using modified poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bearing trimethoxysilane groups and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) allowed immobilization of very high loadings of ionic liquid [BMIm][NTf2] within nanocomposite PMMA-silica membranes. The ionic liquid (IL) provided both flexibility and ionic conductivity, while the silica nanofiller covalently bonded to the polymer chains maintained mechanical strength, as shown by a DMA and tensile test. Complex impedance spectroscopy evidenced a critical threshold in ionic conductivity around 76%, which was ascribed to an unusual transition from "polymer-in-salt" to "quasi-liquid" electrolyte behaviour. Outstanding IL loadings as high as 90 wt% were reached, resulting in the same ionic conductivity as the pure IL.


A design of compact wideband detector head for slotted-guide measuring converters is suggested. The results of experimental researches of gain-frequency characteristic of the head are given.


Three-dimensional potential energy surfaces for the X 2A″ and A 2A′ states of HNF are reported in the present paper. The ab initio calculations are carried out at the multireference configuration interaction (MRD–CI) level of theory employing a large basis set. The X 2A″ potential surface possesses a deep potential well. Both surfaces have a bent equilibrium, at approximately 100 deg for the ground state and at about 125 deg for the excited one. The two electronic states become degenerate at the linear geometry. Variational calculations for the vibrational energies and the corresponding wave functions have been performed on three-dimensional fitted potential energy surfaces. The first 101 levels of the X 2A″ state and the lowest 51 levels of the A 2A′ manifold are reported, and their vibrational modes are assigned on the basis of the nodal structure of the corresponding wave functions. The A 2A′ vibrational states consist of well-defined polyads with polyad quantum number P=3ν1+ν2+ν3, where ν1−ν3 are t...


This article explores differences between male and female writing in a large subset of the British National Corpus covering a range of genres. Several classes of simple lexical and syntactic features that differ substantially according to author gender are identified, both in fiction and in nonfiction documents. In particular, we find significant differences between male- and female-authored documents in the use of pronouns and certain types of noun modifiers: although the total number of nominals used by male and female authors is virtually identical, females use many more pronouns and males use many more noun specifiers. More generally, it is found that even in formal writing, female writing exhibits greater usage of features identified by previous researchers as 'involved' while male writing exhibits greater usage of features which have been identified as 'informational'. Finally, a strong correlation between the characteristics of male (female) writing and those of nonfiction (fiction) is demonstrated.


ABSTRACT Marshrutka minibuses are in charge of providing daily transport services for millions of passengers in the post-Soviet space. In doing so, they shape the perception of public sphere and contribute to the production of community. In this sense, the interior design of marshrutka minibuses contribute to a number of publicly negotiated discourse formations on collective identity patterns, such as nationhood, memory culture, as well as folkloristic values. Drawing on empirical evidence from Kyrgyzstan and Russia, we try to deconstruct multiple layers of marshrutka signposts. In their heterogeneity and contrariness, the marshrutka semiotics unveil the minibuses as a place of encounter and conflict, where fluid social institutions are consistently calling for negotiation. Triggered by the question how cultural trajectories of identity are performed, we will choose a number of marshrutka messages like official licenses, advertisements or patriotic proverbs and analyse them in the local setting of application. The expected insight of this paper is twofold: firstly, we contextualise societal struggles, which are reproduced in everyday marshrutka encounter and secondly, we contribute to a better understanding of the mobility practice as such, pointing to general deficits in the broader marshrutka enterprise, read out from visualised statements in the social space of marshrutka.


Review of Teller, Matthew. Nine Quarters of Jerusalem: A New Biography of the Old City. New York, NY: Other Press, 2022.


Recently, research in health care improved the creation of devices that accurately monitor various physiological stimuli (wearable devices) which provide better health care and help to predict possible diseases through continuous data collection. However, wearable devices are at an early stage of development and several improvements must be made, both at structural and materials level. Some examples of devices on the market such as smartwatches or fitness bands are still very bulky and the goal is to make them as small and functional as possible. This work focuses on the improvement of fabrication process steps of pressure sensors, based on micro-structured thin polymeric films of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or Parylene C, namely micro-structuration techniques and electrode deposition. To create domeshaped structures, Polystyrene (PS) microspheres were deposited by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) process over Parylene C and then subjected to a Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) process to create the mold. Pyramidal structures were made by anisotropic etching of silicon with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to make molds. Both molds were further used to produce micro-structured PDMS films by soft lithography. Through these techniques, PDMS domes with diameters between 2.3 μm and 3.0 μm and heights between 1.6 μm and 1.7 μm, and PDMS pyramids with a size of 50 μm to 100 μm and a height of 34.3 μm to 66.4 μm were achieved. To work as a piezoresistive pressure sensor, the micro-structures must be covered with a conductive layer that will play the role of electrode. To overcome adhesion issues between PDMS and some metals, the possibility of using a thin film of Parylene C on top of PDMS was studied. The metals explored were aluminium, copper, and titanium with gold, where the latter presented better adhesion and electrical properties. The developed micro-structured films were assembled and tested as piezoresistive or capacitive pressure sensors achieving sensitivities up to -1.1×10−2 kPa−1 and 3.1×10−2 kPa−1 respectively.


Abstract: In remote sensing image processing, image approximation, or obtaining a high‐resolution image from a corresponding low‐resolution image, is an ill‐posed inverse problem. In this paper, the regularization method is used to convert the image approximation problem into a solvable variational problem. In regularization, the constraints on smoothness and discontinuity are considered, and the original ill‐posed problem is thereby converted to a well‐posed optimization problem. In order to solve the variational problem, a Hopfield‐type dynamic neural network is developed. This neural network possesses two states that describe the discrepancy between a pixel and adjacent pixels, the intensity evolution of a pixel and two kinds of corresponding weights. Based on the experiment in this study with a Landsat TM image free of added noise and a noisy image, the proposed approach provides better results than other methods. The comparison shows the feasibility of the proposed approach.


We demonstrate the following uniform local definable cell decomposition theorem in this paper.
Consider a structure $\mathcal M = (M, <,0,+, \ldots)$ elementarily equivalent to a locally o-minimal expansion of the group of reals $(\mathbb R, <,0,+)$. Let $\{A_\lambda\}_{\lambda\in\Lambda}$ be a finite family of definable subsets of $M^{m+n}$. There exist an open box $B$ in $M^n$ containing the origin and a finite partition of definable sets $M^m \times B = X_1 \cup \ldots \cup X_k$ such that $B=(X_1)_b \cup \ldots \cup (X_k)_b$ is a definable cell decomposition of $B$ for any $b \in M^m$ and $X_i \cap A_\lambda = \emptyset$ or $X_i \subset A_\lambda$ for any $1 \leq i \leq k$ and $\lambda \in \Lambda$. Here, the notation $S_b$ denotes the fiber of a definable subset $S$ of $M^{m+n}$ at $b \in M^m$.


simultaneous act of God creating the rational principles of all things. Drawing the book to its conclusion in an epilogue that pulls together its primary themes, Torchia considers in characteristically Dominican fashion the contemporary significance of the more global horizon within which the doctrine of creation ex nihilo operated in patristic, medieval, and modern theology. Not only does Torchia's newest contribution display extensive analysis of a massive range of primary sources and a command of the relevant secondary literature, but it is also most welcome as an example of scholarship that attends to the reception history of ancient philosophy and Scriptural texts in late antique sources philosophical, Jewish, Christian. Torchia refuses to reduce Jewish and Christian adaptations of philosophical sources and insights to those precedents as he simultaneously grapples with the extent of their influence. Although I might quibble with the author on minor points related, for example, to the suggestion that Christians before Athenagoras could not dissociate Genesis and the Timaeus sufficiently to disagree substantively with the latter (135); to the sufficient conditions for defining an account of creation as sequential (78, 155); and to the placement of matter in his reading of Origen's "systematic vision" (190–92), I nevertheless commend without hesitation Torchia's most recent contribution as a must read not only for experts and students researching the impact of Plato's Timaeus and its interpretive traditions upon early Christian readings of Genesis, but also for those seeking more broadly to understand what was and what remains at stake in the doctrine of creation ex nihilo. The Cultural Lives of Domestic Objects in Late Antiquity Jo Stoner Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2019. Pp. xii + 132. ISBN: 978-90-04-38687-7


The effects of salbutamol and cimetidine, alone and in combination, on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion have been studied in conscious dogs with gastric fistulae. Salbutamol 24 nmol/kg.h alone and cimetidine 4 mumol/kg.h alone inhibited acid up to 69%, cimetidine 8 mumol/kg.h produced up to 87% inhibition and the combination of cimetidine 4 mumol/kg.h and salbutamol 24 nmol/kg.h almost totally inhibited acid (up to 99%). The pharmacokinetics of these inhibitions were studied and salbutamol and/or cimetidine caused a complex uncompetitive inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid. The inhibitory combination of the two drugs was additive.


An automotive data exchange method supporting process integration was proposed to meet the demand of business process integration of small-medium enterprises.And a small-sized integration platform using the method was developed.By analyzing the business process management of manufacturing enterprises and its requirements for integration,a mapping model was constructed between relational database management system(RDBMS) and extensible markup language(XML).With XML used as the media-carrier of information exchange,source data in databases was transformed into XML data according to the output mode of mapping,then XML data was transformed into data of objective database according to the input mode of mapping.The platform was characterized by the adaptation to the change of the business process because of its capability of flexible integration.With the real-time data flow and the data consistency of business process,the process flow of enterprises became more smooth.Application results in the enterprise indicates that the platform can not only solve the problem of process integration of inner enterprises,but also can be extended to the business process integration between enterprises and meet the requirement of E-commerce.


In this paper, the effect of rotary friction welding on hardness and microstructures of weld zones and base metal zones of Ti-6Al-4V and Cu have been investigated. A rotary friction welding technique was used to perform dissimilar joining of Cu and Ti-6Al-4V bars. Friction welding process parameters were optimized process parameters of a 5-ton rotary friction welding machine. The upset pressures were applied from 30 kg/mm2, 40 kg/mm2 and 50 kg/mm2. The dissimilar joint was successfully formed at upset pressure of 50 kg/mm2. The friction welded joints were failed in drop test after welding at the lower upset pressures (30 kg/mm2 and 40 kg/mm2).The hardness and microstructures were characterized for weld joint formed at 50 kg/mm2. The weld zone, base metal and weld interface and base metals were analysed to understand microstructures and elemental diffusion of Ti and Cu. The welded specimens were examined by using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Grain refinement was seen in Cu near the interface of the joint whereas in the case of titanium circular patterns of grains were seen near the interface of the joint. The micro hardness of Ti-6Al-4V was increased from 307 HV to 365 HV and for Cu increased from 240 HV to 290 HV. Intermetallic compounds such TiCu4 and Ti2Cu were found at weld zone by X-ray diffraction analysis.


Reflective practice is a valuable resource, still underexploited, which can bring important benefits to the teacher and, implicitly, to the pupils, ensuring school success and, subsequently, professional and social. Reflective action involves the desire to engage in self-assessment and self-development, which must become constants of the professional practice of the teacher. It also requires flexibility from teachers, rigorous analysis and awareness of the impact and effectiveness of their own work in relation to the specifics and beneficiaries of its work, students. This study is about teachers' awareness of the fact that the continuous improvement of the quality of the educational process involves, first of all, reflection on it. Reflective practice should become an intrinsic component of educational practices, a situation that requires the instrumentality of teachers with a set of knowledge and skills necessary for this endeavour, but also the development of a set of tools to assess the impact of the activity of didactic staff on the learning carried out by students, as an expression of its effectiveness. This research investigates respondents' opinions on the importance of knowing their own impact of teaching on school progress and student learning and aims to identify tools for measuring/ assessing the impact of teachers' activity on pupils and developing transversal skills on improving professional performance, self-control and reflective analysis of their own activity.


Introduction: Although vitamin D deficiency has a high worldwide prevalence among the general population, very little is known about vitamin status in athletes. Aim: To investigate serum vitamin D (2S[OH]D) levels after wintertime in mal e elite basketball players, and to relate these levels to the dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium. Methods: Subjects were 21 players from the same professional Spanish team. B100dsamples to assess 2S(OH)D levels were collected after wintertime during the 2008/2009 (April) and 2009/2010 (March) seasons. In addition, athletes completed 4-day dietary records to estimate energy consumption and a food frequency questionnaire to determine dietary vitamin D and calcium intake. Serum 2S(OH)D levels were 47.8 ± 21.8 nmol/L, with twelve subjects (57 %) being vitamin D deficient « 50 nmol/L), Results: Vitamin D intake was 139 ± 78 IU/day and calcium intake was 948 ± 419 mg/day. Serum 2S(OH)D levels correlated with the daily dietary intake of vitamin D (r = 0.65; P =0.001) and calcium (r =0.82; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Professional basketball players are at higher risk of hypovitaminosis D after wintertime. Adequate intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D is required if athletes are to avoid low serum 2S(OH)D levels when exposure to sunIight is Iimited. (Nutr Hosp . 2011;26:945-951) DOI:I0.330S/nh.2011.26.S.50S6


For Russian Jews, the first two decades of the twentieth century brought a series of traumatic events of increasing severity. Pogroms did not lose their shock effect with the passage of time; and by 1903, the Kishinev pogrom struck a generation trained by Zionism and socialism in an ethic of activism and resistance. Reaching a scale of violence exceeding all earlier attacks, the pogrom had the same kind of impact as those of the 1880s. It shook the confidence of many who had begun to believe in their acceptance by Russian society. It increased the radical zeal of Jews in all revolutionary movements, and gave Zionist radicals a base in immediate personal experience for their militant mythos of autoemancipation. Thereafter, a succession of new pogroms and the general demoralization of Russian society, from the calamitous Russo-Japanese war to the collapse of the 1905 revolution, keyed up social and political awareness to a high pitch. The Second Aliyah included a significant section of young men and women whose social and political identity was formed by these events. One famous group came to Zion already acclaimed as heroes and consolidated in their personal and collective identities because of their signal service as a self-defense organization during the Gomel pogrom of 1903. A similar background even more clearly marked out the special character of the Third Aliyah, in the years immediately following World War I. This was a more uniform wave of immigrants than any of its predecessors or successors. It was predominantly made up of young men and women with radical social views and personal memories of war and massacre. If Austrian subjects, they had lived as refugees in Vienna through the war. If Russians, they had seen the postwar civil strife between White and Red armies and the ravages of guerrilla bands who slaughtered Jews on a scale unknown to the preceding generation. Many had shared the ordeal of illegal crossings of war-torn frontiers, and made their ascent to Zion in defiance of both the British occupation authorities and the official Zionist leaders. Subsequent aliyot, too, arose out of a background of blasted hopes or utter hopelessness. In nationalist Poland, during the 1920s, oppressive, discriminatory policies drove the increasingly impoverished Jewish masses into a tightening circle of economic and social frustration: from there came the bulk of the Fourth Aliyah. In the 1930s, the Nazis cast whole communities of Jews into a limbo of exclusion which rapidly degenerated, in the 1940s, into the inferno of genocide: this was the background of the last aliyot before the rise of Israel. The Zionists most sensitive to the shocks, pressures, and influences of such times were young people of leftist leanings and dismally uncertain prospects. For them the ideologies and rudimentary institutions hammered


Currently, 25 years after the Chernobyl NPP accident, even in areas with high levels of radionuclide contamination overt threats for the existence of plants and animals are not detected. However, the reactions that show clear and undeniable signs of radiation lesions of certain species are obvious. Genetic effects, which are the result of the genome stability violations, cause mutations, separation of populations, loss of individual species and possibly other effects are of particularly importance.


Objective:To discuss nursing measurement of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:36 patients who were treated by TACE were prepared fully before TACE and nursed with loving care after TACE.Results:Effective of TACE rate is 82%. A few side effects were cured and nursed.Conclusion:Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma were first choose for the patients who can' t be operated or relapse HCC,careful and considerate nursing care is important guarantee for TACE succeed.


Background: Approximately 600,000 deaths occur every year as a result of the acute and chronic consequences of hepatitis B virus infection. Ten different hepatitis B virus genotypes have been identified with distinct geographical distributions. Different clinical outcomes, including the rate of mutations, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, chronicity, response to treatment, transplantation rejection and occult infections, are affected by specific genotypes. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of genotype D of the virus in Isfahan, Iran. Patients and Methods: In this study primarily hepatitis B virus positive patients were identified by the detection of HBs antigen using ELISA test and then PCR was used as a confirmatory test. Fifty five patients that were identified as hepatitis B positive were tested for hepatitis D genotype using type specific PCR. Results: The patients included 30 (54.5%) females and 25 (45.5%) males. In total, frequency of genotype D was 29 out of 55 cases (52.7%). Genotype D was detected in 19 (63.3%) females and 10 (40.0%) males indicating no statistically significant difference. The difference in the level of liver enzymes in patients infected with genotype D and non-genotype D hepatitis B virus were not significant. Conclusion: In the present study the frequency of genotype D among patients with hepatitis B virus infection in Isfahan, Iran, was 52.7%. No significant relation was observed between the level of liver enzymes and infection with the genotype D.


Two major subclasses of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen were separated by zone velocity sedimentation of crude extracts from productively infected cells. These subclasses, which have been shown to differ biologically and biochemically (Fanning et al., 1981), sedimented at 5‐6S and 14‐16S. The amount of T antigen in each form was estimated by complement fixation and by immunoprecipitation of T antigen from extracts of cells chronically labeled with [35S]methionine. Each form of T antigen was tested for specific binding to end‐labeled restriction fragments of SV40 DNA using an immunoprecipitation assay. The 5‐6S and 14‐16S forms of T antigen both bound specifically to DNA sequences in the SV40 HindIII C fragment. The sequences required for binding both forms were localized in the same 35‐bp region of the origin. However, significant differences in binding activity and affinity for specific and nonspecific DNA were demonstrated. These properties suggest that T antigen subclasses may serve different functions in the lytically infected cell.


Abstract The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used, with simple polynomials as admissible functions, to obtain the eigenvalue equation for the free vibration of a rectangular plate which has an internal line support lying along a line describable in terms of a general polynomial. Numerical and graphical results are presented for plates with internal supports lying along straight lines, for which comparison results also exist, and for plates with the supports lying along different types of curves, including a central circular support.


We used polymerase chain reaction‐single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis to detect LDL receptor gene defects in the St. Petersburg population. We have found a deltaG197 mutation in several patients of Jewish origin. The mutation named is shown to be responsible for one‐third (7/23) of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) cases in St. Petersburg Jews and absent in patients of Russian descent. The prevalence of a deltaG197 mutation in St. Petersburg Jews is consistent with its origin in Lithuania or Poland. The deltaG197 mutation can be easily detected in polyacrylamide minigels because of formation of specific heteroduplexes during PCR with DNA of heterozygous patients. Taken together with high prevalence of the mutation in St. Petersburg Jews, this observation provides an opportunity for DNA diagnostics of FH in this ethnic group. Hum Mutat 12:255–258, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


RESPECT THE INVENTION SUSPENSION FOR THE FLAVORING AND PROCESS FOR FLAVORING TEA INCLUDES THE SUSPENSION. 10 35 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF ONE OR MORE COMPLEX INCLUSION AROMA-BETA-cYCLODEXTRIN, 2 A 12 PARTS BY WEIGHT Dextran ETOU 2 A 12 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF STARCH SOLUBLE ETOU 2 A 12 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF ACACIA ETOU 2 A 12 PARTIES AND OR WEIGHT mETHYLCELLULOSE 2 A 12 PARTS BY WEIGHT hydroxyethyl cellulose ETOU 2 A 12 PARTS BY WEIGHT AND LINEAR DEXTRINS 0 3 PARTIES AND WEIGHT gLYCEROL 55 TO 88 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF WATER. The aROMATISATION APPLICATION OF THE.


BIOCHEMISTRY IS ONE of those fascinating but problematic "new sciences" that have appeared with some regularity in the history of science. It came quite suddenly on the scene in the early years of this century, with a new name and intimations of new insights into the nature of life processes. Yet it is an open question whether there is really such a thing as a "new science." Close examination invariably has revealed such a wealth of precedent and preparation for change that the newness of new sciences tends to disappear in the grinding continuity of history. Moreover, the notion of a new science has lent itself all too readily to the naively heroic histories of scientific progress. The older historiography obviously has neglected the complex, uneven ways in which new ideas become accepted as the basis for new disciplines. Earlier presentations of this essay have evoked comments that phrases like "new sciences" were best avoided altogether, and that new sciences are strictly social phenomena attending the establishment of new professional niches. Yet we are left with the undisputed fact that at certain points in history groups of scientists have strongly felt that they were participating in something new, and these feelings must be taken seriously, if not at face value. These nodal points, at which the feeling of change has been deep and widespread, are nonetheless real and important even though that feeling was not based on balanced historical hindsight. It is the historian's task to sort out the complex intellectual and social changes that led these groups to feel that they were doing something new and that their activities required the establishment of new social arrangements for doing them. This essay is an attempt to do just that for the science of biochemistry, which about 1900 began to be aware of itself as a distinct discipline. I will argue that this new science was associated with a new general theory of life processes, based on a new awareness of the importance of enzymes, and that this new view can be traced to several definite events which occurred in the 1890s. The enzyme theory was the hallmark of the new biochemistry; it was a program for biochemical research and was the common ground of the diverse group of men who around 1900 began to call themselves "biochemists." This intellectual unity provides a basis for subsequent studies of the establishment of biochemistry as a profession in the years 1900-1920.


part of the island was visited, and research in many branches has produced valuable results. The radio research, which was one of the most important objectives, has given results which will be of value in the further development of world-wireless communications, and much of this information was quite unexpected. The weather during the expedition was by no means favourable, though falling short of the extremes assigned to North East Land by popular superstition. Blizzards were frequent, and winds almost continuous, while mist and drift snow impeded travelling and added to its dangers. The party, however, remained in good health throughout. The clothing, consisting of sheepskins and windproofs, was so adequate that in spite of continuous winter travel, no serious case of frostbite occurred. The food was also ample and nutritious. In fact, the only weak point in the equipment was the lack of dogs caused by financial considerations. Although many puppies were born in the winter, the losses were comparatively severe. Eleven dogs and five newly born puppies were brought back to England and are to be kept at VVhipsnade in order to give opportunities for training dog drivers for future polar projects, and to introduce a good strain into this country.


Mineral resources exploitation in Xinyi is in a low-level,small scale,and wasteful seriously.Mining activities destroyed not only the farmland and vegetation,but also ecological environment and natural geomorphic features.The progressed mining working face was of very high elevation difference and steep slope and dip angle,so that the hidden trouble was left behind,such as mountain collapse and landslide,and easily resulted in personnel casualty accident.The geological environment remediation for open-pit mine was always lagged,and most of them were in effect.Based on the existing problem,the authors put forward in this paper some management measures,technical measures and economic political measures,etc.for geological environment remediation.


The Polymer Optical Interconnect Technology (POINT) represents a major collaborative effort among GE, Honeywell, AMP, AlliedSignal, Columbia University and the University of California at San Diego (UCSD), sponsored by ARPA, in developing affordable optoelectronic module packaging and interconnect technologies for board- and backplane- level optical interconnect applications for a wide range of military and commercial applications. The POINT program takes a novel development approach by fully leveraging the existing electronic design, processing, fabrication and module packaging technologies to optoelectronic module packaging. The POINT program further incorporates several state-of-the-art optoelectronic technologies that include high-speed VCSEL for multichannel array data TM transmission; flexible optical polymers such as Polyguide or coupling of device-to-fiber using a passively alignment process; a low-loss polymer for backplane interconnect to provide a high I/O density; low-cost diffractive optical elements (DOE) for board-to-backplane interconnect; and use of molded MT array ferrule to reduce overall system size, weight, and cost. In addition to further reducing design and fabrication cycle times, computer simulation tools for optical waveguide and mechanical modeling will be advanced under the POINT program.


Claims have been made for the establishment of an English royal navy in the twelfth century. This article offers a reappraisal of the documentary evidence to assess whether Richard the Lionheart or his younger brother John can be credited with creating this instrument of royal power. Their use of ships in warfare and the possession of vessels by the Crown was very similar. A small group of ships owned by the king was quite common, but the casual use of the term 'our galleys' by clerks makes it difficult to distinguish these from the more numerous vessels on paid service to the crown. The major purpose of ships in warfare was to provide logistical support. More warlike actions were rare. Neither monarch had the resources or the need for more than a small squadron of ships owned by the crown. The evidence for the establishment of a naval base at Portsmouth is investigated and it is concluded that rather than a permanent dockyard it was simply a secure winter boat yard where the king's vessels could be drawn up out of the water with their rigging safely stored. Technical developments in ship design and weaponry in the course of the sixteenth century and changes in the nature of warfare led to the emergence of what is rightly called the Royal Navy. However if the term is more loosely used for a squadron of vessels in royal ownership, which provided the core of conscripted fleets in actions at sea, it may, perhaps, be justifiably applied as early as the late twelfth century.


The side view of the sculpture consists of a disc shape covered in dark blue pieces of mosaic. The sculpture sits at a street intersection.


Social sustainability is often deemed to create the basic framework for an operational society. Software too has now become one of the cornerstones of societal infrastructure. Yet, the question on how software engineering impacts social sustainability still remains largely unaddressed. The 1st workshop on Software Engineering for Social Sustainability aims to mobilise an inter-disciplinary community focusing on how software engineering principles and practices must change to ensure maximised positive contribution of an engineered system towards the social sustainability of the societies affected by it. I. WORKSHOP DESCRIPTION Social sustainability is often defined as ability of a society to maintain its social capital which creates the basic framework for society, including cohesion of community for mutual benefit, connectedness between groups of people,... standards of ...ethics..., rules, laws, and information... [1]. It lowers the cost of working together and facilitates cooperation, e.g., trust lowers transaction costs [1]. Software systems are prevalent in all walks of life today. It is hard to think of a business, educational programme, or even entertainment industry that does not rely on a software system either for its core activities (e.g., from full pant automation to online games), or payroll, communication, coordination, advertisement, and so on. Surprisingly, even now software systems engineering research and practice severely lacks the consideration of how the software systems (that software engineers develop) contribute to the "basic framework" – i.e., social sustainability – for the society for which these systems are intended. While some research is currently underway on "social software", the core consideration for such research is how a particular type of software – that used for social networking – is developed and used. The broader question: how software engineering impacts social sustainability remains largely unaddressed. The motivation for this 1st workshop on Software Engineering for Social Sustainability is to mobilise an interdisciplinary community focusing on how software engineering principles and practices must change to ensure maximised positive contribution of an engineered system towards the social sustainability of the societies affected by it. Such societies can vary from business organisations using software, or localised communities where an organisation/software is located, to distributed online communities that use a given software system. The Workshop objectives are: • To bring together an inter-disciplinary community, including, for example, software engineers, sociologists, anthropologists, ethics researchers, legal scholars, environment scientists and others, in order to mobilise a community focusing on how software engineering can contribute to better social sustainability. • Identify on-going research efforts pertaining to software engineering and social sustainability and foster inter-disciplinary collaborations amongst participants. • Motivate and demonstrate the relevance of this topic to both research and practitioner communities and report on concrete examples of such relevant research and practice. The workshop will result in: • Initiating discussions/collaborations between those working on various aspects of social sustainability in/through software engineering; • Creation of the first Report on State of Software Engineering for Social Sustainability to be published at the workshop web site as well as Computing Resources Archive, and • Initiation of an online repository of example projects to illustrate, motivate, and educate research and development in Software Engineering for Social Sustainability. All workshop materials will be published on the workshop web page at this URL http://cazzola.di.unimi.it/se4ss.html II. WORKSHOP ATTENDANCE This workshop is planned as a full-day event. The workshop solicits submissions of full papers (up to 8 pages), extended abstracts (up to 2 pages), and case studies (2 pages + artefacts). All submissions will be reviewed by at least two program committee members. The main criteria for acceptance will be relevance to the workshop topic and quality of the submission. Space permitting, any attendee is welcome, but priority will be given to those with submissions. Please sign up through the EnviroInfo & ICT4S registration system. The workshop activities are briefly itemised below: • Panel-centred paper presentations: Full paper submissions accepted for the workshop will be structured Adjunct Proceedings of the 29th EnviroInfo and 3rd ICT4S Conference 2015 Copenhagen, Denmark September 7-9, 2015


Abstract : Campylobacter jejuni and closely related organisms are established enteropathogens, resulting in diarrhea and often dysentery in susceptible children and adults (6). These organisms also cause asymptomatic infections, which are especially frequent in children residing in developing countries, who appear to be exposed frequently from an early age.


Brain and retinal carotenoid content have been linked to cognitive function in older adults. Although skin carotenoid is correlated with retinal content, the relationship of skin carotenoid and cognition in older adults is unknown. Measurement of skin carotenoid is non‐invasive, quick, and easy to obtain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between skin carotenoid concentration and cognitive performance in a population of cognitively normal, older adults.


A randomized split-plot design was used to conduct an experiment on the effects of polyethylene film mulching,straw mulching and no mulching under soil moisture treatments of high,medium and low(75%,65% and 55% of field capacity) on growth development,yield,and water use efficiency(WUE) of summer maize sowed in lysimeters under a rainshelter.The results showed that plant height and leaf area index(LAI) of summer maize under different soil moisture were higher in polyethylene film mulching and straw mulching than in no mulching treatment.During the early growth period of maize,plant height and LAI of summer maize in polyethylene film mulching were the highest,but during mid-late growing period of maize,those in straw mulching treatment were maximum.Compared to no mulching treatment,polyethylene film mulching and straw mulching played a significant role in increasing maize yield,namely,increased average yield by 8.89% and 22.26% respectively.WUE decreased with increasing soil moisture,the WUE of straw mulching at the same level of soil moisture was the highest,polyethylene film mulching next,and no mulching was the minimum.When the lower limit of soil moisture is 65% of field capacity,mulching could obtain the best effect of saving water and increasing yield compared to no mulching,and polyethylene film mulching and straw mulching increased yield by 12.69% and 28.47% as well as improved WUE by 21.78% and 34.65% respectively.


A Ultra-wideband tapered slot Vivaldi antenna with enhanced performance is proposed. By etching the (exponential and triangular) slots on both sides of the radiation patch and loaded dielectric, the gain of the proposed Vivaldi antenna is improved and it has the maximum increase at a lower frequency by 3.475 dBi and a higher frequency by 1.41dBi, and a moderate gain in the entire UWB, the peak gain of proposed antenna in range (4.5-9.3) dBi, also slots extended the impedance bandwidth at low frequency to 2.602 GHz, and thus the impedance bandwidth (2.602-11) GHz which covers the whole UWB. The size of the proposed antenna is ($40\times 40){\mathrm {mm}}^{2}$ printed on 1mm thickness FR4 substrate with permittivity 4.4, and the Vivaldi antenna is simulated by using computer simulation technology software (CST).


is a privilege and an honor to participate in your Postgraduate Week and especially to join with you in IT | honoring Dr. Ludwig Kast, for whom this lecture was named and from whose proposal this great educational enterprise of yours has developed. Basic concepts and fundamentals in the treatment of diabetes remain relatively constant. Only minute fragments of the enormous amount of investigation in this field become integrated into the permanent fabric of our understanding and into the clinical management of this disorder. The scanning of the accomplishments of investigators and the selection of the fruits of their endeavors that hold promise in clinical application are not always as simple as their formal appearance, reduced to a few sentences in a standard text, might infer. I shall avail myself of the latitude permitted in the title of this


CONTEXT
Streptococcus pyogenes has recently re-emerged as a significant pathogen causing disease ranging from pharyngitis to lethal systemic infection. Six hospital pharmacy employees were diagnosed as having streptococcal pharyngitis during 1 week, and antibiotic prophylaxis was requested to halt the outbreak.

OBJECTIVE
Outbreak investigation.

DESIGN
Review of initial cases and prospective evaluation of the remaining pharmacy employees and the antigen detection test being used.

SETTING
Pharmacy and occupational health department of a university hospital.

POPULATION
Sixteen employees of the hospital pharmacy and 19 other employees of the hospital.

RESULTS
The 6 pharmacy employees who had positive streptococcal antigen detection tests did not have symptoms suggesting streptococcal pharyngitis. Of the 10 remaining pharmacy employees, none had a positive throat culture for S pyogenes. Specificity of the antigen detection test being used was 53% (95% CI, 30%-75%) in prospective evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS
This was believed to represent a pseudoepidemic because none of the 6 cases had signs or symptoms typical of streptococcal pharyngitis, none of the remaining 10 pharmacy employees had positive throat cultures, and prospective evaluation found low specificity of the antigen detection test. Whereas use of an accurate test in such a low prevalence setting could have resulted in a higher percentage of results being false-positive, the low specificity of the antigen detection test being used also contributed to the pseudoepidemic.


The appropriate ecological operation method is suggested in order to create a harmonious human settlement environment and achieve the sustainable development of residential areas. The key to determining whether the model can be successfully implemented is now the stakeholders. Scholars feel that stakeholders in the urban development process should sustain collaboration, and they suggest collaborative measures because they have successfully identified these parties. Nevertheless, there are distinctions between the specialized research of ecological operation stakeholders and the disregard for internal differences of related groups. In order to examine the relationship strength and network density, structural location, and role interaction, this article employs social network analysis to examine the cohesiveness, relevance, reciprocity, transitivity, hierarchy, and agency of the stakeholder relationship network in the ecological operation. Interest disagreements, solutions, and recommendations among participants encourage the effective application of the ecological operating model. The study demonstrates that there are no factions, and that weak links dominate the stakeholder relationship network in ecological operations, exhibiting a "core-periphery" relationship structure. High relevance, high reciprocity, and high transmissibility describe the relationship network. Although the network's overall power is dispersed, each group's power is centralized. Residents and social organizations in residential areas are in a poor position, since governments at all levels have strong control over them. In order to optimize relationships and collaborative governance, which is helpful for implementing the ecological operation mode and realizing harmony and oneness between man and nature, the study explored the relationship network structure and features of stakeholders in the ecological operation.


Purpose – The purpose of this research is to enhance the extant understanding of the IT‐collaboration relationship. The study aims to test the robustness of the relationships among the concepts of IT analytic capability, demand chain collaboration and operational performance besides investigating the interaction effects of environmental uncertainty variables on the IT‐collaboration relationship.Design/methodology/approach – Data for testing the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model were collected through a survey of managers in manufacturing firms from the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) membership directory. The survey sample included 152 responses accounting for a response rate of 28 percent.Findings – Findings suggest that while IT analytic capability associates positively with collaboration, the technological turbulence dimension of uncertainty enhances the above relationship. Market turbulence, however, was not found to have a significant moderating impact on the...


The paper deals with the revealing Public Relations (PR) focus on «middle class». We proposed innovative approach to the concept of ''middle class'' and develop new term ''PR-adapted class''. The pr-adapted class is the most important from the PR point of view part of the middle class. It is enough large group of people which is opened for innovative PR-technologies, techniques, and approaches and perceived as the object of PR-activity. New kind of businessmen and businesswomen, higher and middle managers of international companies, representative of liberal ideology in structural of political power in Russia are "the core of PR-adapted class" in Russia. The have constable income which allows satisfying all needs. The periphery of the PR-adapted middle class is high-educated people who have own standard of consuming but their consciousness is enough adapted for the perception of innovative PR-ideas. We made the conclusion the proposed term "PR-adapted class" allow revealing PR sense of the concept "middle class" as it formed in XXI century.


A study on double bass bridge height adjusters was made using local and international surveys, a listening test survey, and sound spectrum analysis to learn more about the acoustical properties of various bridge adjusters and their current use. A questionnaire sent via e‐mail to members of the International Society of Bassists confirmed that preferences and opinions about adjusters vary widely, though some general tendencies are recognizable. Responses also gave some indications why approximately 60 to 80 bassists use bridge adjusters, while adjusters in central Europe are rarely seen. Computerized listening tests showed that all types of bridge height adjusters cause an audible difference in sound compared to a bridge with no adjusters, and that individual models and materials have unique tonal characteristics. Finally, a digital sound analysis was made comparing a bridge with no adjusters to the same bridge fitted successively with six types of bridge height adjusters. The analysis showed that bridge he...


The microsystem described in this paper measures the intensity of a bright spot on a dark background and uses this measurement to control a LCD display. The approach presented uses massively-parallel analog processing making local decisions based on global information. This approach has previously been used for brightest spot position detection and texture motion measurement. In the present application, a decision circuit is used for spot intensity measurement. This decision circuit also allows the testing of each cell of the sensor array.


With the growing interest in environmental protection and congestion, electric vehicles are increasingly becoming the important transportation means. However, electric vehicles currently face several adoption barriers including high purchasing price and limited travelling range, so the fleets where electric vehicles and conventional vehicles coexist are closer to the current fleet management status. Considering the impact of charging facilities and carbon emission, this paper proposes a vehicle routing problem with a mixed fleet of conventional and electric vehicles and soft time windows. A bi-objective programming model is established to minimize total operational cost and time penalty cost. Finally, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is employed to deal with this problem. Furthermore, single-objective optimization is carried out for the two objectives, respectively, and the linear weighting method is also used to solve the problem. Through the contrast of these results and the NSGA-II results, the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper is further verified. The results indicate that two objectives are contradictory to some extent and decision-makers need a trade-off between two objectives.


Regulation is an issue controversial discussed among economists themselves and the companies affected by regulatory policies. But regulation and technical innovation, even if it is temporarily causing a dominant market position, do not have to be oppositional things. This paper aims to show incentives how companies could be pushed to implement technical innovation as a means to overcome regulatory restrictions. This is shown using the example of regulated terminating fees in mobile communication and how inter-provider Handover can lead to contestable markets.


Examination of the common penalty scales 1. 641 Identification and evaluation of the penalty scales 1.1. 642 Number and width of penalty scales 1.2. 643 Combination of different types of penalties 1.3. 648 Thresholds or common minima and maxima 1.4. 648 Case Study 2. 651 Examples of Categorisation 3. 653 German Example 3.1. 654 Polish Example 3.2. 656 French Example 3.3. 658 Portuguese Example 3.4. 660 Conclusion 3.5. 661


In order to find out the distribution of temperature on the outer wall and the heat transfer coefficient of heat pipe with different filling rates,the experimental investigation was conducted to study the heat transfer characteristics of five different filling rates of carbon steel-water heat pipe which was radial and coaxial.The temperature on the outer wall during different heat fluxes was collected.According to the principle of the least square method,an experimental correlation was established to reveal the relationship among heat transfer coefficient,working fluid rate and heat flux.The results show that,on the basis of experimental condition,the heat transfer performance of 50% filling rate of the heat pipe is the best.The errors of the heat transfer coefficient of different heat pipes are within 7.92%.


Modern civilized society is in a state that could quite accurately be designated by the term "crisis" (in both its semantic shades – catastrophic and dynamic-transitional). The scientific literature describes in detail the reasons that involve modern civilization in this state: the increasing use of the environment due to technological progress and, as a result, its perilous change. And accordingly, by pointing to this kind of reasons, a circle of problems has already been outlined. The options for technological solutions outline the way out of the crisis. The purpose of this article is to expand this problem circle. According to the author, what aggravates and distinguishes the current crisis situation, is that modern technologies, among other things, open up the possibility of radically changing the fundamental species characteristics of the person himself. And what is essential in this case, the possibility of such transformations becomes available to the individual: he, at his discretion, is able to transform not only his spiritual but also physical parameters, and therefore, vary the forms of his (equally specific) social being. But to answer the question: "What consequences can this kind of transformation of Homo sapiens lead to?" neither the individual nor the society, at least today, are capable. Meanwhile, in this situation, a person turns into a human problem in himself, i.e., loses himself as an anthropos [Averintsev 2006]. The processes that deform modern civilization acquire the features of an existential "anthropological crisis". And above all, in this capacity, modern philosophy should comprehend them.


The solidification mechanism of horizontal continuous casting of steel round rod was studied in this work. Through FLUENT, a two-dimensional axis-symmetrical heat transfer model was adopted for the calculation and analysis of growth of primary shell. The experimental results showed that the model was satisfactory. By analyzing the degree of overheating and speed of green mold shell thickness, length of the liquid core to identify the characteristics of 40Cr steel solidification, it was found that 40Cr improved casting speed 0.1 m/min, the shell thickness leaving mold reduced 0.91 mm, superheated for each additional 10℃, it reduced 1.4 mm, if the lower degree of overheating would give the improvement of casting speed in a large room. The solidification curve showed that in the beginning 2 m, the slope of curve was sharp, that is, the cooling intensity was enhanced, solidification of round billet accelerated in the late stage.


In [5], Miyashita introduced tilting modules of finite projective dimension. A tilting module AV of projective dimension less or equal than r furnishes r + 1 equivalences between subcategories of A-Mod and End V-Mod: we call static and costatic the modules in A-Mod and End V-Mod, respectively, involved in these equivalences. In this paper we characterize the modules in A-Mod and End V-Mod which have a filtration with static and costatic factors, respectively.


Using a popular Sufi tale as a starting point, the author shows that in a postmodern age, wisdom can best be characterized as a willingness to see how parts and wholes relate to each other and how new meanings emerge from a dialogical interplay between the two. Wisdom can also be characterized by openness, by the ability to perceive connections among various viewpoints, and by a strong tolerance for ambiguity.


Gerlach writes about and transcribes a manuscript in Rutgers' Special Collections  "The General Method of Enoculation as now Practised."  This work the only known account of variolization in Colonial New Jersey and is especially interesting because of its vivid and detailed exposition of the inoculation procedure from initial preparation to the treatment of after-effects.


In volume 19, the Journal made an error in pagination for the two papers below (both begin with the same page number and share eight pages with the same page numbers):


This paper investigates the direct-drive linear switched reluctance generator for wave energy conversion. A double-sided linear switched reluctance generator is designed. Its nonlinear flux characteristics are simulated by finite element method. The excitation circuit of the linear switched reluctance generator is reviewed and the control algorithm for this generator is also discussed.


Data on more than 650 extragalactic radio sources are used to study the distributions of the spectral indices α and elongations of radio sources in the different Fanaroff-Riley (FR) classes. No large differences are found in the distributions of the spectral indices for FRI and FRII radio sources. The following major morphological differences among objects in the different FR classes are found in a study of the distribution of the elongation of the extragalactic radio sources: (a) radio images of extragalactic FRII radio sources are more elongated on the average than those of FRI sources; (b) the extragalactic FRI radio sources can be divided into two subtypes with two distribution functions for the elongation parameter K with different maxima. Besides having different average elongations in their radio images, these two subtypes of FRI radio sources should probably also have differences in the orientations of these elongations with respect to the directions of the axes of rotation of the parent optical galaxies, which in most cases coincide with the minor optical axes of the galaxies.


A series of anatase-supported NiO and/or WO3 samples are prepared by impregnation and characterized by various experimental methods. The results reveal that for the anatase-supported single oxide samples, nickel oxide and tungsten oxide can be highly dispersed on the surface of the support with a dispersion capacity of 6.65 and 4.85 cations/nm2 of anatase, respectively; the experimental data are consistent with the incorporation model proposed earlier by the authors. For the supported binary oxide samples, i.e., NiO/WO3–TiO2, WO3/NiO–TiO2, and NiO–WO3/TiO2 samples, XRD, TPR, Raman, and UV-DRS results have suggested that the dispersion state of oxides is strongly related to the loading sequence of the individual metal oxides.


This study has two aims: to determine the spatial distribution of multi-hazard levels and to discover the interactions, interdependencies, and effects that cascade among hazards in Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. A multi-hazard map was created with a scale of 1:250,000 and modelled using SMCE (Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation). The conditioning factors used included slope, rainfall, historical data, river distance, geomorphology, land cover, lithology, and fault distance. The selected conditioning factors for each hazard were then weighted using weighted overlay analysis. The results showed that the area of Gunungkidul can be included in the high-risk category for floods, since the probability of flooding is 56.72%, the probability of landslides is 9.14%, that of drought is 48.86%, and that of seismic disturbance is 20.83%. (Multi-hazard maps are created by overlaying flood, landslide, seismic, and drought hazard maps.) After these risk factors were calculated, the regions on the multi-hazard map were re-categorized into five hazard classes. All areas in Gunungkidul Regency have multiple hazards, with risk factors of different magnitudes. The interaction between hazards can generate new hazards that are called cascading hazards. The cascading hazards in the study area are most likely to occur in the north of Gunungkidul Regency with its very high seismic and landslide hazard risk factors, due to the geological and geomorphological conditions of the Baturagung Structural Hills.


Local government agencies in Australia manage around 140,000 community buildings which provide essential services to the community. These are low- to medium- rise structures which often have varying functional requirements and usage. Building assets are t


common form of entrapment neuropathy after carpal tunnel syndrome.1 Symptoms which patients report include aching pain on the medial aspect of the elbow, forearm and hand, as well as numbness, tingling, hyperesthesia, or weakness in the distribution of the ulnar nerve (see Norkus and Meyers1 for a more detailed description). Diagnosis rests on clinical findings, confirmed by electrodiagnostic criteria. 2 P r e s e n t l y, several subjective and objective clinical tests are used to assess ulnar ABSTRACT: Background: We undertook a prospective study to investigate relationships between outcome measures of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Methods: Thirty-one patients (mean age 52.6, range 20-80), with clinically and electrically verified ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, were seen independently by a neurosurgeon and a physiotherapist. All tests were administered to all patients on each visit. Data collected included measures of sensory (monofilament, two-point discrimination, vibration) and motor function (grip, key-pinch, muscle atrophy), pain (visual analogue scale (VAS)) and impact on lifestyle (Levine's questionnaires (function status score – FSS, symptom severity score – SSS)), disability of the arm, shoulder and hand module (DASH) and patient-specific measures (PSM). Parametric and non-parametric correlation and factor analysis were done. Results: Outcome analysis was available for 63 patient visits, with follow-up obtained for 20 patients (mean 8.5 months). Lifestyle and pain instruments (FSS, SSS, DASH, PSM and VAS) all correlated well with each other (r> 0.6, p< .01). DASH was moderately to highly correlated to nine of the 11 measures. Some tests correlated poorly, for example, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament with other sensory measures and muscle atrophy with almost all measures. Factor analysis revealed that there are two principal factors, accounting for 77% of the variance. Factor 1 relates to impact on lifestyle and pain while Factor 2 relates to strength and function. Discussion/Conclusions: Intraclass measures, particularly ones assessing lifestyle and pain instruments are strongly correlated. Factor analysis revealed two principal factors that account for the majority of the variance; future studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate this analysis.


Education plays a vital role in bringing out a change in society. It changes the behavior and attitude of the people in the society. For the competitive environment of the present educational system in India, towards 10+2 Level, Total Quality Management (TQM) has gained wide importance and is generally being introduce and experimental in educational institutions. An educational system can't be treated as industry. However, there are similarities with respect to their sub-components. Each of these viewed as a system consists of input, processes, management, resources, output, and feedback. Educational institutions system is complex as it involves human beings as input to and output from the system. Students are input and customer too. TQM means, "A management approaches to an organization centered on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long-term success through student satisfaction and benefits to the members of the educational institutions and to Society". Many teachers in educational institutions in India think that TQM is an achieving on set of standard. But it is not so. TQM involves managing the process of change. Generally teachers are not welcome change and prefer not to change. The most important change taking place onside an effective TQM process is the changin behavior of students.


Historians face the problem of how to write the history of the eighteenth-century British empire. How can the history of Britain and the history of its empire be brought together? Recent research has demonstrated the value of employing the idea of networks to describe the interrelatedness of empire. In the history of science and economic history such a notion has been quite thoroughly articulated, particularly in relation to the exchange of botanical knowledge and the transaction of goods. Here it is argued that conceiving of empire as a set of networks through which knowledge and ideas were exchanged, trust was negotiated, goods were traded, and people travelled is an avenue worth pursuing in the project to write the history of the eighteenth-century British empire.


In pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia, as a class, antipsychotic drugs have remained as mainstay since 1950s. Accumulating data of suboptimal outcomes and multiple adverse effects associated with therapy using the first-generation ("conventional/typical") antipsychotic drugs compelled adopting the classic route of bench research to explore New Molecular Entity [NME] with potential to be more effective and safe and lead to the development of multiple second-generation ("atypical") antipsychotic drugs. At present, although many second-generation antipsychotic drugs are available for prescription, few differences exist among them in their short-term efficacy [5]. Moreover, some comparative data analyses of efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia appear to challenge the straightforward classification of antipsychotics into first-generation and secondgeneration categories [6].


The designation "hot-air" engine describes a Stirling-type engine in which the regenerative effect is achieved by heat exchange in the gap between displacer and cylinder. The type does not make use of extended heat transfer surfaces. Except in rare cases where crank mechanism is enclosed, mean cycle pressure is atmospheric. There is probably a greater number of hot-air engines in existence than true Stirling engines. Although the type is mechanically simple, the flows of heat and fluid in the crucial gas path element—the "regenerative annulus"—is strongly two-dimensional. This factor removes the possibility of making use of the "slab flow" simplification and ironically leads to greater analytical difficulties than those posed by the true Stirling engine. This chapter presents that the rotating-displacer air engine can be an option in this case. Adding a rotational component to the reciprocation motion of the displacer suggests the effects: (1) the rotary component causes the gas particles to take a helical path between expansion and compression spaces, increasing effective flow path length without change to displacer or cylinder surface geometry; (2) some control is gained over effective Reynolds number Re , independently of crankshaft speed; (3) it is an established phenomenon that rotation of the inner member of an annulus relative to the stationary outer has a destabilizing effect on the entrained flow, leading to vortices which circulate between inner and outer surfaces. Onset of instability is determined in terms of a "Taylor parameter" N Ta .The instability point is not a counterpart of the laminar/turbulent transition of pipe flow, although transition to turbulence does occur at elevated values of N Ta .


Recent developments in RF photonic component technologies can have a significant impact on future radar system architectures. In this paper, current performance of low noise figure and high dynamic range RF distribution links and delay lines, low phase noise RF oscillators, and fast tunable RF filters developed using photonic technologies are highlighted. Performance comparisons with electronic RF front-end technologies are provided including size, weight and power considerations. Finally, other RF photonic technologies applicable to radar systems and further photonic device improvements required for more pervasive radar system use are discussed.


ground of the effectiveness of the fighting forces. But in turn these forces themselves contribute to the effectiveness of economic warfare, because economic warfare in one of its phases consists of the destruction of the economic power and the economic productiveness of the enemy-the destruction of industries by airplane attack, the sinking of tankers, the sinking of ships, or anything which destroys the war potential of the enemy. Another illustration of the interrelationship between the fighting forces on the one hand and the economic forces on


Background: Previous studies have consistently identified an association between higher levels of education and lower levels of anti-immigrant sentiment, but the underlying reasons for this relatio ...


(57) Abstract: A method for producing lactide from a solution of lactic acid contained in the deionized water, A) condensation polymerization of lactic acid such that the average number of monomer units is 8-25, and the oligomer the presence of a dehydrating at least two stages lactic acid aqueous solution to form a be implemented in a device formed of the same dewatering process from a material having a low iron content, B) a depolymerization catalyst to form lactide vapor and thermal cracking of oligomers under the steps of the average residence time of the lactide vapor within the cracking area less than 15 seconds, the condensate to condense C) lactide vapor, further retrieves the concentrated lactide as a liquid side stream a step of fractionation and the step of melt crystallizing the sidestream concentrated lactide to isolate a purified lactide having an acidity potential of less than D) 6 containing Method.


Objective To investigate the oxidative stress and micro RNA expression changes of hexavalent chromium(Cr+6)induced L-02 hepatocyte in vitro.Methods Experimental groups were divided according to different concentrations of Cr+6 and incubation time.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.Fluorescent probe DCFH-DA was used to observe the oxidative stress of L-02 hepatocyte.Analysis of specific micro RNA expression of toxicants in L-02 hepatocyte was carried out by using real time(L1)PCR quantitative kit.Results MTT assay showed 5 μmol/L of Cr+6 was the critical value for 70% L-02 hepatocyte survival,and the viabilities at different time points were 84.15%,81.44%,74.25% and 68.04% respectively.The strongest oxidative stress was induced after treating the hepatocyte with 5 μmol/L Cr+6 for eight hours,with ROS relative fluorescence value being 169.2%.At the highest point of oxidative stress,changes of micro RNA detected were that miR-370,miR-let-7,and miR-125b were regulated upward,miR-122 and miR-137 were regulated downward,and miR-298 and miR-153 did not show remarkable difference.Conclusions Metallic toxicant Cr+6 could induce oxidative stress of L-02 hepatocyte showing specific micro RNA expression profile.


A design study of microwave simulator engine is presented in this paper. Taking note the simplicity and duality of data flow in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme, conceptual and hardware designs of the engine are shown for two-dimensional wave phenomena. To store field values in individual SRAMs, efficient use of digital hardware resources is achieved and the engine is constructed by very small size hardware. Based on the design study, a prototype hardware is made and basic operation is confirmed.


quiring increasing importance. In this paper we show how a well known and effective verification technique, model checking, can be generalized to deal with multi-agent systems. This paper explores a particular type of multi-agent system, in which each agent is viewed as having the three mental attitudes of belief (B), desire (D), and intention (I). We present a new approach to the verification of multi-agent systems, based on the use of possible-worlds framework to describe the system, a multi-modal branching-time logic BDICT L, with a semantics that is grounded in traditional decision theory, to specify the properties, and a decision procedure based on model checking technique. An imperative multi-agent programming language and a formal semantics for this language in terms of the BDICT L logic are used to specify multi-agent systems. The multi-agent program is used to systemically construct the agents state spaces. Then an automatic synthesis of these state spaces using the agents mental attitudes will generate the possible worlds structures. These possible worlds will be used by the adopted decision procedure to solve the problems of verification. A preliminary implementation of the approach shows promising results. Povzetek: Predstavljen je nov algoritem za preverjanje pravilnosti multi-agentnih sistemov.


The objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of oral supplementation of salmon oil on seminal parameters and testosterone serum levels in dogs, following also the residual effects for 60 days after treatment. Nine healthy male dogs with proven fertility, weighing between 10 and 36 kg, aging from 2 to 11 years, of different breeds, fed diets supplemented with salmon oil at the manufacturer's recommended dosage. The parameters measured were sperm volume, motility, vigor, normal morphology and concentration, live/dead ratio, membrane viability by means of HOST test and serum testosterone levels. Evaluations occurred at baseline (D0), after 90 days of supplementation (D90) and at the end of the experiment, 60 days after supplementation cessation (D150). Results (mean ± standard deviation) obtained at time D0, D90 and D150 were as follows: motility of 76.66% ± 13.7, 92.77 ± 4.41 and 93.0 ± 7.90 (p = 0.001); normal spermatozoa of 69.11% ± 24.90, 90.00% ± 5.15 and 80.66 ± 16.04 (p = 0.05); live/dead (%) from 64.44 ± 22.86 to 85.33 ± 8.41 (p = 0.001); and spermatozoa (%) with integral membrane in the membrane integrity (HOST) test ranging from 76.44 ± 20.74 to 91.22 ± 4.68 (p = 0.05). Serum levels of testosterone (ng / mL) increased from 5.50 ± 1.13 to 8.84 ± 1.13 at D90 (p = 0.003) and decreased after 2 months (D150) to 5.13 ± 1.13. In conclusion, a 90-day supplementation with salmon oil had a positive influence on semen quality and serum testosterone levels. The supplementation of omegas 3 and 6 at the ratio of 10:1 for 90 days determined an increase in concentration and motility of the sperm, and these effects were maintained for 60 days, with the only exception of testosterone levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This paper presents design procedure of a spatial fading emulator representing a Laplacian angular power spectrum of incoming wave applicable to the over-the-air (OTA) evaluation for a handset MIMO antenna. The emulator has a number of antenna probes located on a circle around a handset under tested. The radius of the circle arranging the antenna probes can be defined by the power ratio of waves emitted from each antenna probe. The number of the antenna probes can be determined by fading correlation of a two-dipole array. Moreover, the calibration procedure of an RF-controlled spatial fading emulator was also presented in this paper. The study presented in this paper was conducted under the collaboration between Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan and Panasonic Corporation, Osaka, Japan.


Objective: to assess the biological properties of a modified polypropylene endoprosthesis for hernia repair. Material and methods. The object of the study was polycaprolactone-modified mesh endoprostheses for hernia repair implanted in experimental animals. Results. During the study it was determined that the implanted modified endoprostheses caused more pronounced proliferation of fibroblasts and formation of connective tissue in comparison with the control group of implants. It should be also noted that there were more inert general biological reactions from the surrounding tissues.


Agrowing awareness of the paucity of evidence for most treatments in pediatric medicine1 has led to a rapid increase in the number of clinical trials involving children.2 This means that some Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are increasingly called upon to review pediatric research protocols. Because children's cognitive, psychological, and social immaturity limits their ability to understand and make decisions about participation in clinical research, federal regulations governing research with children require IRBs to implement additional protections beyond those afforded to adults who are recruited to participate in clinical research. Moreover, because children generally lack legal standing to authorize their own participation in research through the mechanism of informed consent, IRBs must ensure that regulatory requirements for proxy permission and child assent—as well as for upper limits on the acceptable degree of research-related risk—are met.3 Application of these extra protections to specific studies is complicated by the heterogeneity of children who might participate in pediatric research.4 Given these factors, review and oversight of pediatric research is a specialized area of IRB practice.5

Several studies of IRB practices reveal inconsistency among IRBs when applying regulations governing clinical research, including specific provisions governing research with children.6 Although this inconsistency is likely due in part to legitimate differences in interpreting regulatory requirements and ethical standards,7 it might also stem from some IRB members' lack of necessary expertise regarding pediatric research ethics and regulations.8 In its 2004 report, Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) highlighted the need to educate IRB members about regulatory requirements and ethical standards for conducting research with children.9

In this pilot study, we assessed knowledge of pediatric research regulations among IRB members who review protocols involving children. We also evaluated members' training and experience regarding the practice and oversight of pediatric research. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to evaluate IRB members' knowledge of these important topics.


The HAPDAR (HArd Point Demonstration Array Radar) described is a multifunction phased array radar in operation at the White Sands Missile Range. The principle design feature is the TACOL (Thinned Aperture Computed Lets) array. The array and system design concepts are discussed and a detailed physical, frmctional, and analytical description of the radar is presented. Recently obtained operational test results OII array pat- terns and multitarget tracking performance are discussed and compared with


O. Introduction NEg5riuna (ca. 150-250) , the fbunder ofthe MAdhyamika school,i> gave the two truths, the absolute truth (paramarthasatya) and the conventional truth (saTnvrtisatya), but he did not subdivide them.2) Bhaviveka (ca. 500-570) explained the two truths in detail by subdividing the absolute truth. Candrakirti (ca. 600-650) postulated different persons such as buddhas, saints, ordinary persons, and those with diseased eyes, and gave the two truths fbr each person.3) Jfianagarbha (ca. 8th cen.) subdividcd convention into correct convention and incorrect eonvention.4) Thus, Bhfiviveka is an important thinker in the history of thc thcory ofthe two truths. Recent scholars have eften considered there to be only two absolute truths, that is a primary one and a secondary one.5) Indian Madhyamika thinkers did indeed emphasize the subdivision of the aboslute tmth into two, namely that which is discursive and that which is non-discursive. However, this subdivision alone is not enough to explain Bhaviveka's theory. The aim of this paper is to precisely examine Bhaviveka's theory of the absolute tmth and grasp the relationship with the theories of later thinkers.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of qualitative project risk management processes as used in IS/IT projects. Risk management is widely identified as one of the key processes within project management, and previous empirical evidence, combined with high levels of project failure, has questioned whether the prevailing approaches to managing project risks are indeed effective. The research problem of investigating the extent to which project managers over- and underestimate risks and the causes for misestimating risks was empirically investigated in the context of IT/IS projects within organisations such as computer service providers (CSPs). The results from studying IS/IT projects show that managers consistently both over- and underestimate risk and that even when a risk is identified, there are behavioural modifiers that intervene in the effective management of these risks.


High speed steel with a martensitic microstructure is widely used in tool industry, but often the usage is limited by severe abrasive and corrosive wear. Metal ion implantation is a promising method to improve the tribological behavior of this steel, as was shown in several publications. In this paper the authors discuss the application V and Cr implanted high speed steel, both of these elements are alloying constituents of the steel matrix. Combined with implantation of carbon is also carried out. The tribological tests were performed with a pin-on-disc machine under dry sliding conditions. The obtained tribological results are discussed in relation to the microstructures of the nonimplanted and implanted samples.


The control of multifunctional myoelectric prostheses is usually limited due to insufficient electromyography (EMG) signals, especially for individuals after above-elbow amputations. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a method to recover the lost EMG sources, where the nerves associated with residual limbs are transferred onto targeted muscles to enable the recording of EMG signals that are sufficient for prosthesis control. Following TMR surgeries, the implanted nerves would require a relatively long time to grow during which the targeted muscles may atrophy due to denervation. To treat and accelerate the nerve growth, functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been proved to be an effective method. In this study, we investigated the influence of FES on targeted muscles and nerve rehabilitation after TMR surgery, based on rat models. Specifically, twelve Sprague Dawley adult male rats underwent TMR surgeries were equally divided into a control group and an experimental group, where only the experimental group was treated with FES. The results received four weeks post the TMR surgery indicate that both the targeted muscle preservation rate and the maximal contraction of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. This preliminary result suggests that FES treatment could improve the rehabilitation procedure for targeted muscles and implanted nerves of rats after TMR surgeries, which would potentially facilitate future clinic applications of TMR technique.


Chetty et al. (2014) document variation across commuting zones in intergenerational mobility. With over 700 commuting zones, the task of estimating place effects involves a high-dimension parameter space. I develop a fixed-effects model along with an oracle bound on the risk of invariant estimators. The oracle estimator uses an invariant prior, which I have incorporated into a random-effects model to obtain a feasible estimator. This estimator almost achieves the oracle bound over the relevant part of the (fixed-effects) parameter space in the empirical application. There is substantial reduction in risk compared with the least-squares estimator.


Abstract This article, written while war is waging in the former Yugoslavia, attempts an explanation of the atrocities that have been committed. It is suggested that a media-war propaganda has developed between each specific grouping or 'Nation' with the aim of provoking hostilities. In particular, various nationalist ideologies promote an aggressive and violent masculinity whose barbaric behaviour is justified in the name of each Nation's cause. When human rights are annihilated in this way, women's rights are deleted and women are reduced to being seen as wives and mothers who will breed and rear future defenders of the Nation. The absence of women from political decision-making processes is also explored and three main explanations put forward for this. Overall, it is suggested that under the conditions of war, a clearly defined gender order has developed were men are mainly located in the battlefield and women in the home.


aspects of modern Ceylonese politics: the early connection between Buddhist modernism and Sinhalese nationalism, the emergence of "politcal monks" and the foundation of political organizations of monks (the first organization of this kind, the Samasta Lan^a Bhi^su Sammelanaya was founded about 1939 or 1940 and started public political agitation in 1946), the assassination of Prime Minister S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike and the rise of his widow as the new leader. Remarkable is the discussion of the influence of Marxist monks on early political Buddhism in 1946-47. The most recent political events since 1963, when Buddhism and Buddhist monks emerged as one of the most important forces in Ceylonese politics, are based mainly on newspaper reports from the Ceylonese-English press. As the nationalization of the press was one of the issues in the political struggle which eventually led to the downfall of Mrs. Bandaranaike, the press gave only a one-sided story. Bechert's statement (p. 357) that the whole Sangha was united against Mrs. Bandaranaike's coalition government underestimates the importance of groups of monks still supporting her, because their actions were systematically played down by the infuriated press. Even the Mahanayaka Thero of Malvatta (the highest dignitary of the largest order), with whom the present reviewer discussed these matters frequently during 196466 while doing field research in one of the Mahanayaka's temples, was very hesitant to take a clear stand and contrary to press reports never took part in any of the big antigovernment rallies in Colombo before the elections of 1965. The volume closes with a chapter on the "ideology and cultural politics of Buddhists in Ceylon" and the author's promise to continue his discussion of recent political events in Ceylon briefly in the second volume. The most amazing feature of this publication is perhaps that the author has managed to write an extremely readable, clear and conclusive account despite the abundance of citations and detailed facts. The book is indeed a gold mine of data. The research methods employed are strictly historical in the German indological tradition. As Bechert himself proudly states in his introduction (p. xiii) he has used published sources as far as possible 525


8 ASUBTITLE: THE FINAL RULE REQUIRES A SERVICE CONTRACT SHIPPER TO STATE WHETHER IT IS A BENEFICIAL OWNER OF THE CARGO.


This text examines the process by which the province of Parana (Brazil) was created, in 1853. The major goal is to show the causal connection between the demand for autonomy expressed by the district of Coritiba and the process of construction of the Brazilian national state. It attempts to verify historically the underlying factors and conditions of the creation of the province. The central hypothesis is that these factors and conditions are embedded in the type of national state that was built in Brazil. The documents used as the base of the investigation are contained in the Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro (Annals of the Brazilian Parliament), for the years between 1823 and 1854, besides the systematic examination of primary data taken from archives and studies produced during the imperial period about the political and administrative organization of the national territory. The major finding is that the creation of the province of Parana was a consequence of the spread of despotic power over the Brazilian territory.


The paper continues some previous works and analyzes the possibility of phoneme generation with Elman- type neural networks. The vowels are composed of repetitions of the same elemental pattern with certain variations (assumed to be chaotic) of the signal parameters. The Elman-type network proved adequate to learn and generate independently in an open loop the elementals with signal parameters controlled by chaotic sources. The experimental results demonstrated that the technique can be further developed and used in synthesized speech.


OBJECTIVES
to investigate the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms (aAAAs) and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs).

DESIGN
cross-sectional study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was estimated in biopsies from the anterior wall of 60 AAAs using gelatin zymography. There were 20 medium-sized (diameter 5<7 cm) aAAAs, 20 large (>57 cm) aAAAs and 20 rAAAs. MMP activity was quantified using a laser densitometer and expressed as arbitrary units (au).

RESULTS
mean (SEM) MMP-9 activity was significantly lower in large aAAAs (1190 au +/-247) than in rAAAs (2647 au +/-498, p<0.05). There was no difference in MMP-2 activity.

CONCLUSION
High MMP-9 activity in the AAA wall is associated with rupture.


This book examines the emergence of the urban crime in Berlin during the Imperial Period. First, the investigation focuses on the impact of publishing houses and how they developed editorial and marketing strategies since the 1870s: combining minimal price of regular subscriptions with a continuous drive calling for readers´ active involvement in the matters of the day. In this vein, the papers increasingly leaned towards "human interest" as they emphasised the sensational. Secondly, on police the book examines the activities of the CID: since 1874 and in reshaped form since 1884 one of its officials specialised in issuing news bulletins and channelling those regularly not only to papers acceptable to the Prussian authorities but likewise to "liberal" papers instrumentalizing the eagerness of most papers for "news". Finally, an in-depth analysis of reports from the public show wide-spread and intense activities from most segments of society. Here, the author reveals the constant effort of the many to acclaim and support the hunt of criminals. Those turning-in reports in applauding police aimed for recognition and were driven by an urge for immediate participation in the sensational. Thus, the study reveals the everyday of metropolitan populace as of metropolitan politics. It is here, but also in the analyses of the respective parts of the files of the Berlin police administration that the study shows the ways citizens and, not the least people of lesser means involved themselves with police and state by reporting on crime cases. The study points to the multidimensional orientations at play, ranging from the material to the symbolical, particularly including opportunities for recognition (rightly emphasizing the emotional side if not underpinning of such activities). Even more, here the argument does allude to a different notion of the political, focussing on compensation for the grossly unequal distribution of participatory rights.


A series of V 2 O 5 supported on CeO 2 -intercalated clay catalysts (named V 2 O 5 /Ce-Lap catalysts) with mesoporous structure and high specific surface area were prepared. The structural characteristics and physicochemical properties were studied in detail. These catalysts were evaluated for the H 2 S selective oxidation. It was revealed that all V 2 O 5 /Ce-Lap catalysts showed high catalytic activities in the temperature range of 120–220 1 C due to the redox reaction of highly dispersed V 5+ species, and the catalytic mechanism obeyed a redox process, i.e. a stepwise mechanism. Additionally, the chemically absorbed oxygen also played an important role in H 2 S selective oxidation. Among them, the 5% V 2 O 5 /Ce-Lap catalyst presented the best catalytic activity and excellent regenerability at 180 1 C. Finally, the catalyst deactivation mechanism was explored.


has no logical basis for its existence. Florian Znaniecki, the creator of the humanistic theory of physical culture, voiced the idea, that physical education, sport, recreation and tourism are an integral part of contemporary culture and deserve popularization as values in themselves. This orientation outlines an extensive field for scientific reflections in our times, which most frequently develops outside the sphere of the direct interests o~ theoreticians and practicians of physical culture. The limited range of view and the stress laid on the health and hygiene aspect of nature intensified the process of cultural isolation, and in its most extreme symptoms led to a situation where men was set against his own physical constitution. Disposing of these conceptions, which have struck especially deep roots in our ways of thinking, one meets halt'ways contemporary postulates in favour of cultural and social anthropology. Physical culture is a feature not only of the body, but of the mind as well, it is a treasure to which each individual has access, a gift which everybody may cultivate and improve. Biological conditions at best define its general foundation, but do not forejudge its effects. With the same there open up unlimited educational perspective, assigning new, so far not noticed horizons of development to physical culture. Promoting man to the role of a subject we perform a fundamental turn-about also as regards the approach to the basic assumptions and tasks of physical culture and within its framework also of sport as a phenomenon revealing strong tendencies of emancipation. The overwhelming majority of works treats the problems of sport as if it were a question of providing a justification for certain generally accepted truths and slogans, raising sport to the rank of &dquo;the phenome-


Continuity of state income taxes is required since the sector is a major source of tax revenue receipts State Budget. To ensure this, tax compliance is one of the keys to success in the government collecting tax revenue. Therefore, it is necessary to study the factors that influence taxpayer compliance in paying taxes.
Taxpayer compliance research model developed in this study consists of four predictor variables, including quality of service, subjective norms, beliefs and attitudes taxpayer. The data needed in this study were obtained through interviews using questionnaires to 100 individual taxpayers in Semarang STO. Testing the research model with empirical data performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
The results of the data analysis by SEM showed ten hypotheses developed in this study, there are four hypotheses that can be proven statistically. Testing Of the hypothesis showed that individual attitudes are influenced by factors of service quality and trust while tax compliance influenced by the individual's attitude and subjective norm.


In 3935 patients who underwent upper fiberpanendoscopy in two Zurich hospitals the coincidence of different active peptide lesions has been investigated. There was an association of reflux esophagitis and duodenal ulcer in old age: in patients with reflux esophagitis aged over 60 years, duodenal ulcer was found twice as often as in elderly patients without esophagitis. No association of reflux esophagitis and gastric ulcer or of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer was observed.


The formation of complexes between spirooxazines (SNOs) containing crown-ether and dihydroquinoline moieties and alkaline earth metal ions affects the spectral and kinetic properties of the SNO open form.


The purpose of the research is to discover the organizational-administrative and creative-artistic aspects of the activity of the Ukrainian Theatre in Peremyshl in the years of the Hitlerite's occupation of the town. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, system-formation, scientific character, verification, the author's objectivity, moderated narrative constructivism, and the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specially-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, histori-cal-systemic, etc.) methods. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the argumentation of the fact, that, for the first time, in the historiography of the Ukrainian theatrical art on the basis of the previously unknown archival documents, the genesis, organizational development, repertoire, administration, and actors' staff of the Ukrainian Theatre in Peremyshl in the years of its occupation by the Hitlerites are clarified. Conclusions . Summing up , the fact is that the historical genesis of the Ukrainian Theatre in Peremyshl was connected with the activity of "Lesia Ukraіnka theatrical society" (1925–1939) and the Soviet State regional drama theatre (1940–1941). The of the Ukrainian Theatre in Peremyshl can be divided into three stages: 1) the stage of the formation of the theatre in a form of the Theatrical circle and Drama section of UAC (1942 – first half of 1943), 2) the stage of the theatre's reorganization into a profes- sional establishment (August-October, 1943), 3) the stage of the theatre's vigorous activity on professional bases (November of 1943 – July of 1944). The Ukrainian Theatre's artistic experience was manifested by several dozens of first-night performances and almost one hundred of other productions in Peremyshl and the neighboring villages and towns.


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective cohort study OBJECTIVE.: The purpose of this study is to quantify the extent of change in sway associated with maintaining a balanced posture within the cone of economy (CoE), in a group of adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) patients' pre and post-surgery and compare them to matched non-scoliotic controls.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Patients with spinal deformities adopt a variety of postural changes in the spine, pelvis and lower extremities in their effort to compensate for the anterior shift in the gravity line. ADS patients are known to exhibit an increased sway within their cone of economy (CoE). Greater sway expends more energy while standing when compared to healthy controls. Spinal alignment surgery has been shown to improve SVA and balance.

METHODS
Thirty-three ADS patients and performed a series of functional balance tests a week before and 3 months after surgery along with twenty non scoliotic control.

OUTCOME MEASURES
center of mass (CoM) and head sway in the sagittal and coronal planes, total sway amount and spine and lower extremity neuromuscular energy expenditure.

RESULTS
ADS patients demonstrated more initial CoM (p = 0.001) and head (p = 0.011) displacements. Post-operatively ADS patients exhibited less CoM sway (p = 0.043) and head sway (p = 0.050), in comparison to their pre-surgery measures. Post-surgical ADS patients demonstrated more CoM (p = 0.002) and head (p = 0.012) displacements and increased muscle activity in comparison to non-scoliotic controls.

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical alignment reduced the amount of sway, reduced the center of mass displacement, and reduced spine and lower extremity energy expenditure in ADS' patients. In symptomatic pre-operative ADS patients, sagittal sway increased along with greater lumbar spine and lower extremity neuromuscular activity in comparison to a non-scoliotic control. Although surgical alignment improved ADS functional parameters during a dynamic balance test, these parameters approached but did not fully achieve non-scoliotic control parameters when measured 3 months after surgery.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3.


THE ADMINISTRATION of nasal medication usually has in view two objectives: first, shrinkage of the congested mucous membrane with the aim of restoring proper nasal breathing; and second, shrinkage of the region of the ostiums of the sinuses with the purpose of establishing drainage. The problem of eradicating infection at its site is not considered in this paper. "Before nasal medication can attain maturity, a number of perplexing problems require solution" (Fabricant 1 ). The question how to deliver a medicinal solution to those areas of the nasal chamber where it will be most effective is frequently asked by the practicing physician, and the problem raises a number of pertinent considerations. If one looks at the base of the nose without using a nasal speculum, only raising the lobule with a finger, one will notice the columella and the nasal septum in the midline and in the nostril laterally the bulging