Basiacuang tradition in the village of Kuok is a custom part and the oral tradition inherited Kampar Malay community for generations of ancestors embraced therein previous values and norms in Kampar Malay community life. This study aims to determine patterning Basiacuang as a Form of Communication Tradition Local Wisdom in Kampar Malay wedding ceremony Society Riau Province. To achieve these objectives it raised questions about how the situation of communication in basiacuang tradition. Basiacuang communication events in tradition, and follow in the tradition basiacuang communication in the Village District of Kuok Kuok Kampar District of Riau Province This type of research is qualitative. While research method used is an ethnographic study of communication. Most of the data were collected through observation and interviews. Informen earned by 8 people. Five people who existed as Ninik Mamak tribal chief (speakers), and three people are public figures. By using purposive sampling technique. After the interviews, participant observation, field notes, literature studies, documentation and internet searching. Keabsahaan test data by triangulation and the extension of participation. The results obtained useful to know basiacuang patterning tradition communication as a form of local keariafan in Kampar Malay wedding ceremony in the village community Kuok Kuok Kampar District of Riau Province in conveying the object and purpose of a particular moment in the deliberations conducted by Ninik Mamak indigenous tribal chief among parties family men (those who come) with the woman's family (the waiting) to seek and reach a mutual agreement to continue the relationship nephew kejenjang more serious or marriage. In marriage basiacuang aims to surrender child Ninik Mamak nephew of male to female Ninik Mamak . Keywords : basiacuang tradition in the wedding ceremony Kampar Malay community , tradition , ethnography of communication


Scheduling jobs against due dates is one of the most important and best examined objectives in scheduling theory and practice. In this paper the parallel machine version of the well-known total tardiness problem is considered. The objective is to minimize the total tardiness of the jobs, while for all jobs an individual due date is given. The single machine version has been proven to be NP-hard, hence it is unlikely to find polynomially bounded optimization algorithms. Consequently, we concentrate on developing an efficient heuristic. Our extensive computational results confirm that our new heuristic is capable to deliver near optimal results.


DC-DC converters play a crucial role in recent and advanced applications, enabling efficient power conversion and management for renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, portable devices, and advanced communication systems. In line with this, the objective of this paper is to introduce a new DC-DC configuration based on the Cuk converter named as Mahafzah converter, which utilizes a coupling capacitor with a lower rated voltage. The paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter in terms of improved efficiency, reduced size, and reduced semiconductor device currents compared to the conventional Cuk converter. The proposed configuration comprises the same components as the Cuk converter, but in a different arrangement, without any additional elements. The main advantage of the proposed converter is using a coupling capacitor with a much lower rated voltage than the Cuk converter, resulting in a smaller capacitor size, reduced printed circuit board (PCB) size, and manufacturing cost. Additionally, the proposed converter reduces the currents of the semiconductor devices compared to those in the Cuk converter. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the converter is operated under continuous current mode (CCM) with a constant duty cycle and switching frequency. The study provides an in-depth discussion of the various operating modes by making use of equations relating to currents, voltages, duty cycles, and voltage gains. It also provides detailed illustrations of the limits between CCM and discontinuous current mode (DCM). The effectiveness of the proposed converter is demonstrated through a design example with operating parameters of 1 kW, 200 V/−300 V, and 20 kHz. Additionally, a low voltage–low power prototype (12/−18 V, 3.24 W, 20 kHz) is established to verify the operation of the proposed converter. Simulation and experimental verification of the proposed configuration achieved the desired results to improve efficiency and reduce the rate. The results clearly indicate that the efficiency of the proposed converter surpasses that of the conventional Cuk converter under identical operating conditions, reaching approximately 88% at rated load conditions.


CASSIOPE (CASCADE, SmallSat and Ionospheric Polar Explorer) is a Canadian SmallSat mission that supports two distinct payloads, a suite of eight space science instruments which are referred to as e-POP (Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe) and an experimental technology demonstration payload, entitled CASCADE CX, which is the focus of this paper. The experimental payload will be used to demonstrate key aspects of implementing a space-based high volume data transfer. The design has been specifically optimized to enable very large and timely data file transfers. The CASCADE CX payload has been commissioned and several demonstration experiments have occurred which have validated key enabling technologies and demonstrated the end-to-end transfers of very large data files. The results of these experiments have shown that a scaled up version of the CASCADE CX experimental payload could be built to support a composite 2.4 Gbps data transmission rate enabling the pickup/delivery of data at a rate in excess of 15 Gigabytes per minute of satellite access at a BER no worse than 1x10 -17 . INTRODUCTION CASSIOPE was launched on September 29, 2013 on the first Falcon9 v1.1 from Vandenberg Air Force Base into a 325 km by 1500 km orbit at 81 degrees inclination. The CASSIOPE mission has three primary goals – demonstrate a generic Smallsat Bus that could be used for future Canadian small satellite missions, perform scientific studies of Space Weather using a suite of eight science instruments called ePOP and demonstrate a large data file store and forward technology payload. This paper focuses on the technology demonstration payload as well as the results of the commissioning and demonstration experiments performed to date. CASCADE DEMONSTRATION PAYLOAD (CX) Description The CX payload provides two-way data communications capability to a Ground Terminal (GT). The payload consists of two major parts, the RF/Digital Subsystem and the Data Storage Unit. The payload is operated in a half-duplex mode, either transmitting or receiving, but not both simultaneously. Generally during a single contact with a ground station the payload will transmit or it will receive, however, nothing precludes the payload from switching between transmit and receive during a contact. In fact for CASSIOPE, this capability was demonstrated. The RF/Digital Subsystem for the CX Payload was built up to demonstrate two channels of the CASCADE system. Common to both the uplink and downlink chains are the body mounted horn antenna, the Master Oscillator (MO) and the Frequency Generation Unit (FGU). The uplink chain also has a receiver as well as a two channel Demodulator, while the downlink chain has a primary and redundant Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) and a two channel Modulator. The two channels on the CX payload are RHCP and separated in frequency. Each channel operates at 350 Mbps. A high capacity Data Storage Unit (DSU) is key to the store and forward mode of operation for CASCADE. The DSU has 1 Tb of storage broken over four storage


Robotic assistance is improving the way that people think and/or live regardless of age or disability since it has been able to safely and effectively assist needy people while enhancing their own trust in and the dependence. This paper describes the design of four degrees of freedom (DOFs) parallel mechanism in order to orientate visual deficient away from obstacles. The proposed idea is designed to help people with low vision get better at avoiding obstacles on their own relies on an autonomous control. In fact, our model, strapped to the wearer's upper body, provides controlled torques to the trunk to modify the user posture by a well-defined angle. In this context, through this article, modeling and kinematic analysis were studied in addition to the study of singularities. Simulations were conducted to verify the validity of the proposed design while analyzing the workspace in the interest of verifying the absence of singular configurations.


We present a thermally managed pump-probe Z-scan technique to characterize the nonthermal third-order optical nonlinearities of photonic materials using continuum lasers, allowing to obtain nonthermal nonlinear refraction index values probing with low power CW lasers.


(1) tA(x) ≤ p(tB(x) + |x|) for all x ∈ Σ∗. Here tA(x) denotes the running time of A on input x. If (1) is only required for all x ∈ L, then A is said to be an almost optimal algorithm for L (or to be optimal on positive instances of L). Various recent papers address the question whether such optimal algorithms exist for NP-complete or coNP-complete problems (cf. [1]), even though the problem has already been considered in the seventies when Levin [4] observed that there exists an optimal algorithm that finds a witness for every satisfiable propositional formula. Furthermore the relationship between the existence of almost optimal algorithms for a language L and the existence of "optimal" proof systems for L has been studied [3, 5].


Living wills are documents that instruct health care providers about particular kinds of medical care that an individual would or would not want to have if rendered incompetent. Under the American legal system, living wills of pregnant women are not legally binding or enjoy a much weaker effect than those of other women, not to mention those of other men. In Canada, however, the law is silent on this matter. From this silence one can infer either that the legislators were not fully aware of the possibility that incompetency may also occur during pregnancy or that Canada considered the American model and decided not to follow it. By analyzing the American and English legal opinions on pregnancy clauses in living will legislation, this article calls for the adoption of an original Canadian approach deviating from the American model, thereby giving full legal effect to the living will of an incompetent pregnant woman.


This thesis argues that female finalists in higher education are already aware of the potential impact that their gender might have on their future careers and in light of this have begun to plan how to cope with them. Students' concerns lie in two main areas: a) family responsibilities interrupting a linear career and b) that their existence as culturally situated 'women' in the workplace may influence how they are regarded as 'professionals'. These concerns exist despite the discourse of equal opportunities that higher education promotes and the perceived equality of opportunity and outcome in higher education. Extrapolating from the detailed analysis of data collected from students, and combining this with an analysis of the literature, I suggest that the seeming failure of equal opportunity policy in employment may in part reflect a genuine failure, and that this failure may be due to a lack of clarity inherent in equality policies and of coherence in the range of theories that inform them. Although the study is limited in the extent to which student attitudes expressed in it can be considered representative, it nevertheless helps us to explore the implications of differing conceptualisations of 'gender' on gender equality policies and informs the direction of what further research is needed in the area of gender in employment studies.


This paper studies the first day return of 227 carve-outs during 1996-2013. I find that the first day return of newly issued subsidiary stocks is explained by the reporting distortions in the pre IPO period, conditioned on whether the executives and directors of the subsidiary received stock options with an exercise price equal to the IPO offer price. In absence of IPO options, accruals in the year before the issue are negative predictors in the cross-sectional variation of the first day returns. In presence of IPO options this relationship is reversed and becomes positive: this is especially pronounced in cases where non-employee directors received such compensation packages. The predictive power of the accruals on future returns and its direction differ depending on the executive compensation packages, suggesting that management intentionally manipulate earnings.


Some of the changes in lifeboat operations that have come about as a result of the 1982 amendments to the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention are reviewed. They include: improvements in ship evacuation procedures; better protection of survivors after abandonment; improved lifeboat location aids; and dissemination of the results of studies on optimal techniques for rescuing survivors from lifeboats.


Electric boolean games are compact representations of games where the players have qualitative objectives described by LTL formulae and have limited resources. We study the complexity of several decision problems related to the analysis of rationality in electric boolean games with LTL objectives. In particular, we report that the problem of deciding whether a profile is a Nash equilibrium in an iterated electric boolean game is no harder than in iterated boolean games without resource bounds. We show that it is a PSPACE-complete problem. As a corollary, we obtain that both rational elimination and rational construction of Nash equilibria by a supervising authority are PSPACE-complete problems.


When Eugenio Montale died in a Milanese clinic at 9.25 p.m. on Saturday, September 12, 1981, only his loyal housekeeper, Gina Tiossi, and his attending physician, Professor Enrico Poli, were beside him.


In order to study the dependence of optical and electronic performance of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) on working parameters, the experimental data of ITO/TPD(50nm)/Alq3 (50nm)/Mg/Al were analyzed. It is found that the conduction type of the device is injecting current limited in low voltage area and trap charge limited (TCLC) in high voltage area. According to combination theory, F2/J (electronic field intensity F and current density J) is used to relate quantum efficiency with current density directly.


【Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) has been widely used for postoperative pain relief. Meperidine is useful for PCA and has efficient analgesia, rapid onset, and low incidence of adverse effect. To compare the analgesic effect, total dose and hourly dose, side effect and neonatal status of breast feeding with meperidine via intravenous or epidural PCA for 48 hours after Cesarean Section, 40 parturient women undergoing elective Cesarean Section were randomly divided into two groups. Each respective group of 20 parturient women received meperidine via one of the intravenous PCA after general anesthesia with enflurane (IVPCA group) and the epidural PCA after general anesthesia with enflurane (IVPCA group) and the epidural PCA after epidural block with 2% lidocaine 20ml combined with general anesthesia with only $N_2O$ and $O_2$ (EpiPCA group) when they first complained of pain in recovery room. Following the administration of analgesic initial dose, parturient women of IVPCA group were allowed intravenous meperidine 10 mg every 8 minutes when they felt pain. The EpiPCA group received additional bolus dose of meperidine 2 mg and bupivacaine 0.7 mg were administered every 8 minutes as requested the patients with hourly continuous infusion of meperidine 4 mg and bupivacaine 1.4 mg. Data was collected during the 48 hours observation period including visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, total meperidine dose, hourly dose during 48 hours and each time interval, incidence of adverse effect, satisfaction, and neonatal status with breast feeding. VAS pain scores of analgesic effect in EpiPCA group was significantly lower than in IVPCA group at 2 hours after the initial pain after Cesarean Section. Total dose and hourly dose of meperidine significantly reduced in EpiPCA group. Hourly dose of meperidine at each time interval significantly reduced during first 6 hours and from 12 hours to 24 hours in EpiPCA group. The side effects in IVPCA group were mainly sedation, nausea, and local irritation of skin. And EpiPCA group experienced numbness and itching. The degree of satisfaction of parturient women was 88.2 % in IVPCA group and 85.7 % in EpiPCA group. We did not observe any sedation, abnormal behavior, or seizure like activity in any neonates of breast feeding. From the above results we conclude that epidural PCA was more efficiently analgesic, less sedative, and consumptional, and safer for neonate than intravenous PCA, and could be an alternative method to intravenous PCA.】


Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng belonging to family Rutaceae, commonly known as "Curry Patta" is a common ingredient in Indian curry. This plant is reported to have stimulant, antidysenteric, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic and antiatherosclerotic properties. Pharmacognostical paramaters for stem bark were studied with the aim of contributing towards establishing monograph for the species. In pharmacognostical investigation examination of macroscopical, microscopical characters, fluorescence analysis and determination of various physicochemical constants like ash values, extractive values and loss on drying were carried out. Phytochemical screening included quantitative chemical examination of various solvents extracts which showed presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, steroids and flavonoids. Thus the present study was conceived to standardize the stem bark of Murraya koenigii as per WHO guidelines to determine identity, purity and for the detection of adulteration as well.


On 23 February 1989 an apparent burst of ultra-high energy gamma-rays was observed from the direction of the Crab Nebula by the Baksan Air Shower Array. The result of checking and reanalysis of these data is reported. The excess in the number of events above background has a reduced statistical significance but this is compensated for by a phase analysis with respect to the Crab pulsar cycle which shows the excess to favour one phase bin. The agreement of the evidence from other arrays is discussed.


The protective e¡ect of a probiotic mixture (PM) and antiviral plants, against the white spot síndrome virus (WSSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei, was evaluated in three experiments. The PM was composed of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and one yeast strain. The plant mixture was composed of Ocimum sanctum and commercial antiviral plants (VPHs, HSVs). Shrimp in each experiment (weighing 2.7 0.7, 11.5 1.3, 11.70 2.5 g) were cultured in120-L plastic tanks and fed twice a day with commercial feed plus additives (plants or bacteria and yeast). Animals were monitored for the occurrence of WSSV by singlestep and nested PCR. The PMand powdered antiviral plants added to the commercial feed showed an increase in survival and a decrease in the prevalence of WSSV in shrimp. The results showed that both the PM and the powdered antiviral plants can provide protection for shrimp againstWSSV.


This is a compact but comprehensive book on cystic fibrosis (CF). It is multi-authored and edited by three well-known cystic fibrosis doctors (two adult physicians and one paediatrician), so immediately I must declare a conflict of interest, in that I know many of the writers; not surprising within the relatively small field of CF. The book is pocket-sized so inevitably topics have to be brief, but there are no major areas that have been omitted. The person most likely to buy it is someone starting out in the field of CF who wants to get up to speed quickly. Additionally, it will be very useful for nurses and allied health professionals in contact with CF patients. Overall, it is a good book and I particularly like the key points at the start of each chapter. Book review: Cystic Fibrosis by A. Horsley et al. http://ow.ly/UpIzP


Objective:To testify the protective effects of ornithine aspartate on the liver. Method:Three models were made:the rat model of acute hepatic injury by CCl_4, the mouse model of fatty liver by ethioine and mouse hypnosis induced by sodium pentobarbital. Results:The levels of the serum AST and pathological injury were significantly decreased in the CCl_4 group. the increased triglyceride level induced by ethionine was lowered,and the sleeping time in the third model was shortened. All of the above effects were in correlation with drug dosage. Conclusion:Ornithine aspartate has significant protective effects on the liver.


Local content Today, the strategy of outsourcing management, in economic enterprises and especially in government organizations, is one of the crucial issues in the field of procurement chain management and Strategic Alliance Management. This issue in public organizations and institutions has its importance. Because these organizations usually have a wide range of missions and supply chains, and according to macro policies and strategies, they need a comprehensive plan for outsourcing. Despite this importance, few studies have addressed the models of outsourcing development in firms. Using the content analysis method, the purpose of this study is to explain the model of outsourcing development management in the oil and gas industry. Also, a deductive approach applied to the theoretical framework developed in practice through case analysis in the Iranian Gas Transmission Company. This company has control of the most of physical oil and gas assets in Iran. In addition to the researchers' observation and reviewing the related documents, the information required for the research was obtained through an interview with a significant number of senior managers and experts in the Iranian oil and gas industry. Using the theme analysis method, this information was analyzed and the expected situation of the outsourcing development management in the industry, and its impact and interactions, were described and explained. Received: 1 November 2019 Revised: 15 December 2019 Accepted: 30 December 2019


Ternary iron nitrides are of considerable interest due to their diverse magnetic properties. We find, based on first principles calculations, that the relatively minor structural distortion from the cubic antiperovskite structure in Fe$_3$GeN leads to unusual magnetic behavior. In particular, there is a separation into Fe sites with very different magnetic behaviors, specifically a site with Fe atoms having a stable local moment and a site where the Fe shows characteristics of much more itinerant behavior. This shows a remarkable flexibility of the Fe magnetic behavior in these nitrides and points towards the possibility of systems where minor structural and chemical changes can lead to dramatic changes in magnetic properties. The results suggest that, analogously to oxide perovskite materials, modulation of magnetic properties via chemical or strain control of octahedral rotation may be feasible. This may then lead to approaches for tuning magnetism to realize properties of interest, for example tuning magnetic transitions to quantum critical regimes or to proximity to metamagnetic transitions of interest for devices.


Objective To survey the in vitro antibacterial activity of the extract from Psidium guaijava L.against common bacteria. Methods Agar diffusion test and test tube dilution method were used to assay the bacteriostatic effects of the extract from Psidium guaijava L.on 11 strains of common bacteria as well as the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations(MBC) of the extract on 3 strains of the bacteria studied.The effects were compared with those of Herba Houttuyniae injection.Results The extract at a concentration of 1 g·mL~(-1) was shown to have fairly strong bacteriostatic effects on staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Neisseria meningitidis,Candida albicans and bacillus pyocyaneus and the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone was greater than 15.5 mm.The extract had also definite bacteriostatic effects on bacillus dysenteriae,typhoid bacillus,β-paratyphoid bacillus.Proteus vulgaris and β-hemolytic streptococcus.The diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone was greater than 11.0 mm.The MICs of the drug extracted with 4 different solvents(chloroform,n-butanol,ethyl acetate and methanol)for staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were 0.125-0.25 g·mL~(-1),0.125-0.25 g·mL~(-1),0.062 5-0.25 g·mL~(-1),0.25-0.5 g·mL~(-1),respectively.The corresponding MBCs were(0.062 5-0.125) g·mL~(-1),0.062 5-0.125 g·mL~(-1),0.031 25-0.125 g·mL~(-1)and 0.125-(0.25) g·mL~(-1),respectively.The bacteriostatic effects of the extract at different concentrations were stronger than those of Herba houttuyniae injection at equivalent concentrations. Conclusion The extract from Psidium guaijava L.was shown to have fairly strong broad-spectrum antibacterial effects.


The European plant bug Asciodema obsoleta (Fieber) develops mainly on Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link; it is one of several broom insects that apparently have been introduced to North America with shipments of nursery stock. This mirid first was reported in North America from British Columbia (Vancouver, Vancouver Island, Bowen Island) in 1966, but no additional records have been published. Based on specimens in BC museums and our recent field work, we extend the previously recorded BC distribution of A. obsoleta and provide the first U.S. record: Washington State (Point Roberts, Whatcom County).


Introduced all kinds of high-tech fibers and fabrics for applica tion in protective clothing, and described their smart textile functions,su ch as high-strength,high-modulas,rainproof,permeability,memoshape,heat reservoir and heat preservation etc.


This study aims to examine the role of independent commissioners in moderating the effect of institutional ownership on sales to related parties. This research is a sample study, which includes 207 companies from 510 manufacturing sector companies during the 2017-2019 observation year. The sample was selected with certain criteria techniques. The analytical method used is moderated regression analysis. The results of the study found that institutional ownership had no significant effect on sales to related parties. The independent commissioner moderated the homologizer moderated the influence of institutional ownership on sales to related parties.


Adamo, P., R. Bargagli, S. Giordano, P. Modenesi, F. Monaci, E. Pittao, V. Spagnuolo & M. Tretiach. 2007. Natural and pre-treatments induced variability in the chemical composition and morphology of lichens and mosses selected for active monitoring of airborne elements. Environmental Pollution 52(1): 11–19. [Study on Hypnum cupressiforme and Pseudevernia furfuracea from Italy. Specimens exposed in nylon bags to various treatments. ''Pre-treatments remarkably changed the chemical composition of selected materials but not their surface morphology. Anyhow, water-washed and oven-dried moss shoots resulted the most suitable material for monitoring trace element deposition in two urban environments.''] ———, S. Giordano, D. Naimo & R. Bargagli. 2008. Geochemical properties of airborne particulate matter (PM10) collected by automatic device and biomonitors in a Mediterranean urban environment. Atmospheric Environment 42(2): 346–357. [Lichens and mosses trapped air particulates, especially soil dust, in this study around urban Naples, Italy.] Alstrup, V. & U. Sochting. 2008. Hvad blev der af de danske rensdyrlaver og baegerlaver? Lavslaegten Cladonia for og nu. Vaer med til en kortlaegning! Urt 32(2): 75. [Popular note on Cladonia.] Andreev, A. A., D. J. Lubinski, A. A. Bobrov, O. Ingolfsson, S. L. Forman, P. E. Tarasov & P. Moller. 2008. Early Holocene environments on October Revolution Island, Severnaya Zemlya, Arctic Russia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 267(1–2): 21–30. [Conditions with modern ''sparse lichen-moss-grass cover'' were established in the region about 9400 years ago as the climate became cooler and drier.] Anonymous. 2008. Secret life of lichens. The Botanics 33: 13. [A short note on a current exhibition in Edinburgh, Scotland, of specimens, photographs, and also paintings by Claire Dalby, and information on human uses as medicine and food.] Aptroot, A. 2008. Sticta alpinotropica, a new saxicolous lichen species from the alpine zone of Mt Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea. Lichenologist 40(5): 419–422. [New: S. alpinotropica sp. nov., known only from the summit region at 3900–4200 m.] ———. 2008. Lichens of St Helena and Ascension Island. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 147–171. [Records of 225 species from St. Helena and nearly 100 from Ascension Island. New: Dermatiscum pusillum sp. nov., Dimelaena triseptata sp. nov., Dolichocarpus seawardii sp. nov., Ramalina geniculatella sp. nov., R. ketner-oostrae sp. nov., R. rigidella sp. nov., R. sanctae-helenae sp. nov. and Xanthoparmelia beccae sp. nov.] Archer, A. W. & J. A. Elix. 2008. Three new species in the Australian Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota). Australasian Lichenology 63: 26–29. [New: Acanthothecis aquilonia sp. nov. (Northern Territory), Diorygma wallamanensis sp. nov. (Queensland) and Phaeographis girringunensis sp. nov. (Queensland).] Aznar, J.-C., M. Richer-Lafleche & D. Cluis. 2008. Metal contamination in the lichen Alectoria sarmentosa near the copper smelter of Murdochville, Quebec. Environmental Pollution 156(1): 76–81. [Study of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, As, Ba). ''Metal concentrations and Pb isotopic ratios in the lichen Alectoria sarmentosa showed a clear spatial pattern related to a point source emission.''] Bajpai, R. P. 2008. Quantum nature of photon signal emitted by Xanthoria parietina and its implications to biology. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 46: 420–432. [''The reproduction of photon count distributions is a credible evidence of spontaneous emission of photon signal in a quantum squeezed state for macroscopic time by the sample. It is suggested that every living system is associated with a photon field in a squeezed state. The suggestion has * The cumulative database for this series is available in searchable form on the World Wide Web at http://www.nhm.uio.no/botanisk/bot-mus/ lav/sok_rll.htm. I owe special thanks to Bill Buck for providing copies of papers by other authors, which were otherwise unavailable to me, and to the cooperating authors who send reprints or electronic versions of their works to me for inclusion in this series.


【Objective】 Sulfite oxidase(SO) plays an important role in sulfur metabolism and sulfur dioxide detoxification in higher plants.To date,most reports on plant SO have focused on Arabidopsis,but little is known about SO in cereal crops such as maize.The objectives of this study are to clone the sulfite oxidase gene and to understand its expression in maize under SO2 stress.This study will provide a basis for genetic improvements in environmental pollutant tolerance(SO2 and acid rain) in maize.【Method】 The SO gene from maize was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE,and its expression was analyzed under SO2 stress using semi-quantitative RT-PCR method.【Result】 The full-length sulfite oxidase(SO) cDNA,named ZmSO(GenBank accession number FJ436404),was cloned from an elite inbred Q9.The cDNA contains a 1 194-bp open reading frame(ORF) and encodes 397 amino acids.Sequence alignment and structure prediction showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of ZmSO shared 72%,74%,and 89% similarities with homologs from other plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana,Lycopersicon esculentum and Oryza sativa,respectively.In addition,similar to other plant SO homologs,ZmSO also contained three conserved functional domains such as one Moco-binding domain,one dimerization domain and one peroxisome targeting signal.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that ZmSO expression was up-regulated significantly in resistant inbred Q9 after treatment with higher concentration of SO2,but not in sensitive inbred Chang7-2.【Conclusion】 The isolated ZmSO from maize is orthologous to other plant species,and its expression is up-regulated by SO2 stress in the highly resistant line,indicating that the SO from maize may be involved in resistance responses of resistant maize plants to SO2 stress.


As the electric and electronic technology being developed so quickly, the amount of electronic scrap (ES) becomes more and more enormous. The reutilization of ES is an urgent and challenging task achieved by adopting high efficiency, environmental friendly separation methods for reuse and recycle of electronic scrap. A practical and efficient separation method using passive pulsed air classifiers is introduced in this paper. In the pulsing air classifier, expansions and contractions separation of the throats impose a distance-varying airflow which alternately accelerates and decelerates the particles. Dynamics of the moving particles were analyzed by applying of advanced high-speed dynamic analyzing equipment. The ANSYS simulation results show that the accelerating region and symmetrical vortexes in the passive pulsed air separator are the basic reasons to achieve excellent separation based on density-dominant difference in passive pulsed air classifier. The results of the laboratory experiments indicate that the pulsing classifiers achieve more effective results of separation and get a wider range of operating velocities of the airflow than the non-pulsing ones. The acceleration and deceleration phenomenon of the air currents in the column of the passive pulsed separator provides a density dominant separation. It is concluded that this is favorable for electronic scrap processing.


Early warning system can effectively analyze and solve problems by reducing the complaints and misconducts of police organs.There are two categories of early warning systems: one is the simple system of banners or counts,the other being a multi-level system.The multi-level system consists of three basic procedures: selection,intervention and follow-up supervision.The key part of an early warning system is risk evaluation which aims at a single police officer or a single police section.


The experiment established optimal conditions for over-carbonization. With the use of the electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis the regularities of carbon deposit formation in process of methane and propane pyrolysis on the zeolites, Kazakhstan natural clays, chrome and bauxite sludge containing metal oxides of iron subgroup, have been studied. In process of over-carbonization the trivalent iron was reduced to metal form. In addition, the carbon tubes of divers morphology had been impregnated with ultra-dispersed metal particles. The kinetic parameters of carbon formation in process of methane decomposition on the zeolite - CoO mixture surface were investigated by method of thermo-gravimetric analysis. The morphology and structure of formed carbon fibrils, with the metal particles fixed at their ends, have been investigated, the formation of branched carbon fibrils pattern, so called octopus, being found. Also, the walnut shells and grape kernel carbonization, their immobilization by the cells of selective absorption of heavy metal and sulfur dioxide ions have been studied. The example of metal-carbon composites used as adsorbents for wastewater purification, C- C hydrocarbon cracking catalysts and refractory materials with improved properties have been considered.


Purpose
Given the acute competition between music-streaming platforms (MSPs), the purpose of this study is to identify the relational motivators of brand loyalty towards the MSP in terms of user-brand involvement, brand trust, brand engagement, brand recommendation and brand loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach
Cross-sectional quantitative data, gathered from a total of 340 eligible respondents via an online questionnaire survey, were empirically analysed and validated using a hybrid predictive-analytics structural equation modelling (SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method.

Findings
The results of this study demonstrate that user-brand involvement promotes brand loyalty toward a MSP by fostering brand engagement, brand trust and positive word-of-mouth. SEM and ANN data comparison reveals good consistency.

Research limitations/implications
The generalizability of the research outcomes may be constrained, as this study only considers the data from a single country (i.e. Malaysia) and one music streaming platform (i.e. Spotify). This study highlighted the relevance of user-brand involvement and non-core supporting services in the cultivation of brand loyalty, particularly their salient roles in promoting favourable attitudes and behaviours towards platform brands.

Practical implications
The insights produced can aid MSPs in devising better user retention strategies that can be used to maintain their competitive edge over time. The findings of this study made it abundantly evident that practitioners should facilitate more user-brand cooperative activities to encourage user-brand involvement and, ultimately, foster brand loyalty.

Originality/value
This study has addressed a major research gap by examining the relational roots of brand loyalty, which transcend the typical focus on transactional factors and technical lock-in. This study pioneered the investigation of brand involvement with user involvement.


Aim To study the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in deaf children with gene mutation. Method 420 children from three medical centers with cochlear implants were selected. Before wearing the cochlear implant and 6 months after wearing the cochlear implant, the children's rehabilitation efficacy was evaluated through categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR). The SSF-MCDI and MUSS before and after the treatment were also compared. Results The CAP and SIR scores of the children after the intervention were higher than those before the intervention (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis found that the age of cochlear implantation, parents' education level, and monthly family income were all influencing factors of the CAP score of children with prelingual cochlear implantation (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that the age of cochlear implantation <5 years, parents' education level, and monthly household income are all independent risks of CAP scores in children with prelingual deaf cochlear implantation. Univariate analysis found that the age of cochlear implantation, parents' education level, and monthly household income are all based on the SIR scores of children with prelingual cochlear implantation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis can be obtained: the age of cochlear implantation less than 5 years, the education level of parents, and the monthly family income are independent risk factors for SIR scores in children with prelingual deaf cochlear implantation (P < 0.05). Conclusion The rehabilitation effect of cochlear implants is significant, and the age of cochlear implantation, parents' education level, and monthly family income are all related factors that affect the rehabilitation effect.


On the base of gully region characteristics of Loess Plateau,Changwu Wangdonggou experimental demonstration,the author explores the optimum mode of agricultural industry structure, and adjusts agricultural industry structure.The tribasic structure of planting, fruit and by product were developed from single structure in the "7th Five Years Plan"period. It has built adoption of high yield,drought resisting measures depending on annual precipitation.It is to realize potential high yield of food, and then food lives up to self support, perfects development tech system of gully slope land resource,and sets the system of erosion resisting gully slope road and enhances its productivity. To realize high quality fruit engineering advances agricultural economic development. Income per capita of local people reached to 2 523 in 2001. The eco environment was significantly improved, such as forestry and grass cover ration is 45%,and control cover degree of soil and water conservation reached 95%, andsoil erosion module below 800 t/(km 2·a).It has explored a way of harmonious humans, resources and environment development.


We are tempted to make the following statements on the article "Integrated approach to MCH and Family Planning" (Indian Pediatr 1983 20:395). We agree with authors view that the integration of MCH services with family planning services would increase the acceptability of the latter but one has to consider several other important relatd factors. The acceptance of family planning in a community is determined to a large extent by the social cultural and economic factors. The economic factors are the most crucial. World Bank Study had shown that the economic structure of the society is linked with the determination of the family size. The advances in agriculture and other related areas provided by the governmental agencies have been largely availed by the rich farmers. The poor farmers which form the majority still depend on the traditional methods of agriculture which requires labor hence they desire a large family. In India where 60% of the population lives below the poverty line the adoption of family planning is not a felt need. It has been estimated that to have a son alive in old age a couple has to have minimum of 4 children. In poor families the babies are brought up on mothers milk during the 1st 2 years of life. It is only for the age of 2-6 years that the parents have to feed their children and by the age of 7-8 years the children become assets to the family by contributing effectively in the household/agricultural work. Thus the expenditure on upbringing the children is only food which is not a significant item of family budget. The saving through birth control might save them some food but increases the future risk regarding the survival of family itself. Therefore to achieve success of family planning programme the integration of MCH and family planning services along with socioeconomic development of the lower classes is essential. (full text)


Worldwide 5.4 million people suffer from snakebites each year with a further 2.7 million suffering from envenoming and up to 138 000 people are said to have died annually due to snake bites with three times as many people suffering from permanent disability. The British Isles appear lucky in that regard, snake bites in the United Kingdom are rare with the Vipera Berus (Adder) being Britain's only indigenous venomous snake. There are just over 100 human bites each year with only 14 recorded deaths since 1876 with the last death occurring in 1975.
 We present the following case of a 2 year old who was bitten by the Vipera Berus in the fields of Lincolnshire after mistaking the live snake for his favourite toy at home. He presented with local symptoms of envenoming and was given two doses of antivenom during his admission. Despite diagnostic and operative challenges presented by the infrequency of such cases. The combined care from our emergency, paediatric and orthopaedic teams resulted in an optimal outcome and learning experience.


Objectives:  Radiofrequency catheter ablation of left‐sided accessory pathways (APs) can be performed either by a transseptal (TS) or transaortic (TA) approach. When performed manually, these techniques are equally effective. The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare these approaches using a magnetic navigation system (MNS) (Niobe, Stereotaxis, St. Louis, MO, USA).


A further introduction to forcing I,II Grégory Lafitte & Laurent Bienvenu The method of forcing was introduced by Paul Cohen in 1963 to prove the independence of the Continuum Hypothesis from the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms of set theory. Following Boban Veličković's tutorial at the 2015 edition of the Journées Calculabilités, this tutorial will aim at giving a further introduction to the method of forcing. After recalling the fundamental notions introduced in the 2015 tutorial, the core of this two-part tutorial will be a detailed presentation of the various forcing notions, from the classical/historical forcing notions to applications in computability.


The competition between weed and maize happened right after the early of growth, so that weed control could be done from the beginning through the application of pre-plant herbicide. Limited data shown that vinegar (acetic acid) may have potential as a natural herbicide. Therefore the study was conducted to determine the effect of acetic acid a preplanting herbicide to the germination, early seedling growth and toxicity effect on maize. Pots experiment was conducted from July to August 2012. The Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with 4 replications. The first factor was the concentration of acetic acid, i.e., control (untreatment) 0%, 10% acetic acid, and 20% acetic acid; the second factor was the timing of application, i.e., 4, 8 and 12 days before planting. The results showed that acetic acid treatment did not significantly inhibit maize germination, nor inhibit root growth. However, of the concentration at 10% and 20% inhibited the growth of shoot at the same level of inhibition. Pre-planting treatment generally does not inhibit the growth of shoot. The phytotoxicity effect to maize was categorized as mild, i.e., 9, 938 - 14, 635% which as compared with untreated will still allow the seedlings to grow normally.


In recent years cloud computing has seen steady adoption due to its unique features such as computing resource elasticity, fault-tolerance and utility billing. Cloud computing Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) enables unique architectures that can dynamically scale and configure computing resources from a catalogue of available features. In addition to provisioning long running homogeneous clusters of Virtual Machines (VMs), it can also be feasible to provision ephemeral and heterogeneous per-job VMs. This is made possible due to the reduced VM startup time and per- minute billing for cloud VMs. In this paper we design and implement CloudEx, a generic and novel framework for executing jobs on public clouds by leveraging the Google Cloud Platform. CloudEx enables users to split jobs into a sequence of smaller tasks that can be distributed using Bin Packing or user-defined algorithm. Additionally, users can specify the VM specification per job or per task, CloudEx then provisions the required VMs, coordinates the job execution and terminates these VMs once the job is completed.


Brand equity is critical for brand sustainability. Companies participate in social issues to maintain brand equity by making the brand easily recognizable, superior in quality, and favored and affirmed by consumers. However, the ideological incompatibility between a brand and consumers may induce the consumers to adopt boycott action, which is an obstacle to brand sustainability. Before adopting boycott action, consumers consider the opinions of themselves and those of others. The opinion incompatibility between consumers is an influential factor for the consumers' boycott intention, while individuals' Attention to Social Comparison Information (ATSCI) is a moderate factor. This article conducted three studies that explored the influence of ideological incompatibility and ATSCI on boycott intention. Study 1 and Study 2 conducted an online and an offline experimental design to investigate the consumers' boycott intention when a brand holds a different view from consumers on a debatable issue—same-sex marriage. Study 3 focused on the influence of ideological incompatibility between consumers and their relatives and friends regarding boycott intention. Individuals' ATSCI is considered as a moderate factor. Based on these three empirical studies, we conclude that when a brand takes a stand on a debatable issue, it may be taking risks for brand sustainability since some consumers might boycott it because of ideological incompatibility. High ATSCI individuals may choose to follow the opinions of others and change their boycott intention.


For parties of unequal seat shares (s i ), the widely used effective number of parties (N = 1/Σs i 2 ) offers an equivalent in equal-sized parties, but it needs a supplement to express the imbalance in actual shares. This is akin to supplementing the mean with the standard deviation. A suitable 'index of balance' is b = -log s 1 /log p, where s 1 is the largest share and p is the number of seat-winning parties. It can range from 0 (utter imbalance) to 1 (perfect equality of all parties). In most individual countries, the median balance is between 0.4 and 0.6, and the worldwide median balance is close to 0.50 for any number of seat-winning parties except 2, in line with a simple logical model. Independent of electoral systems used, a rule of conservation emerges: the median product of the largest party's fractional share and the square root of the number of seat-winning parties is conserved: s 1 p 0.5 = 1. The worldwide median for 603 elections is within 2 percent of 1.00.


Nowadays, an interdisciplinary approach in the medical field plays a rather important role in ensuring the quality of medical services. This approach is a collaboration of various medical specialists, the basis for the organization of work within the framework of this approach is the association of doctors of various specialties to carry out joint professional activities aimed at improving the quality of medical services. The use of an interdisciplinary approach makes it possible to effectively solve certain problems with the patient's health, especially if solving them by one specialist may not bring the desired result. This applies to various severe chronic diseases, oncological processes, etc., in the treatment of which it is necessary to unite different specialists to achieve the best results. It should also be said that within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach, medical workers can realize their knowledge and skills at a creative level, which significantly reduces the degree of burnout of doctors and increases the efficiency of their work. It can be argued that it is the interdisciplinary approach that plays a key role in modern medical practice, since its principle is to unite the forces
of a number of specialists and provide the patient with the most effective and individual treatment. This approach in medical practice is becoming more widespread, and its potential is increasing.


The drought and salinity affects plant growth and productivity in rice and considered as severe threat to sustainable rice production across the world. Hence, this experiment was aimed at assessment of extant tolerance against both stresses and genetic diversity amongst 24 early duration rice lines for further breeding invigoration. The results revealed substantial reduction in Plant height, number ear bearing tillers, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and chlorophyll content when plants were exposed to reduced moisture and salinity. The effects of drought and salinity are generally apparent as a reduction in growth and photosynthesis. From the current research, it was observed that both stresses affected plant growth stages especially in panicle initiation stage.


The utility model discloses a dynamic blood pressure monitoring system based on a Smartphone and relates to a blood pressure monitoring system. The dynamic blood pressure monitoring system based on the Smartphone aims at solving the problems that an existing dynamic blood pressure monitoring device is complex in structure and seriously confined in clinical application. In a blood pressure data collection terminal of the dynamic blood pressure monitoring system based on the Smartphone, a blood pressure measuring device is used for collecting human body blood pressure data, a blood pressure data output end of the blood pressure measuring device is connected with a blood pressure data input end of an MCU. A control signal output end of the blood pressure measuring device of the MCU is connected with a control signal input end of the blood pressure measuring device, and a power control signal output end of the MCU is connected with a power control signal input end of a power supply circuit. The power supply circuit is used for supplying a working power supply for a Bluetooth communication circuit, a Bluetooth signal input end or an output end of the MCU is connected with a Bluetooth signal input end or an output end of the Bluetooth communication circuit, and the Bluetooth communication circuit in the blood pressure data collection terminal is connected with the Smartphone with a Bluetooth function in a wireless mode. The dynamic blood pressure monitoring system based on the Smartphone is used for dynamic blood pressure monitoring.


Synergistic value integrates insights from the stakeholder theory the resource based view theory and shared value. The stakeholder theory provides opportunities to align business practices with societal expectations and sustainable environmental needs. Businesses ought to reconcile disparate stakeholders' wants and needs (e.g. employees, customers, investors, government, suppliers etc.). By forging alliances with internal and external stakeholders business can create synergistic value opportunities. This may lead to an improvement in mutual trust and understanding. As a result, there are also benefits for corporate reputation, brand image, customer loyalty and investor confidence. This societal engagement also responds to third party pressures, it lowers criticisms from the public and minimises regulatory problems by anticipating legal compliance.


The angular momentum of galaxies is routinely ascribed to a process of tidal torques acting during the early stages of gravitational collapse, and is predicted from the initial mass distribution using second-order perturbation theory and the Zel'dovich approximation. We test this theory for a flat hierarchical cosmogony using a large N-body simulation with sufficient dynamic range to include tidal fields, allow resolution of individual galaxies, and thereby expand on previous studies. The predictions of linear collapse, linear tidal torque, and biased-peaks galaxy formation are applied to the initial conditions and compared with results for evolved bound objects. We find relatively good correlation between the predictions of linear theory and actual galaxy evolution. Collapse is well described by an ellipsoidal model within a shear field, which results primarily in triaxial objects that do not map directly to the initial density field. While structure formation from early times is a complex history of hierarchical merging, salient features are well described by the simple spherical-collapse model. Most notably, we test several methods for determining the turnaround epoch, and find that turnaround is successfully described by the sphericalcollapse model. The angular momentum of collapsing structures grows linearly until turnaround, as predicted, and continues quasi-linearly until shell crossing. The predicted angular momentum for well-resolved galaxies at turnaround overestimates the true turnaround and final values by a factor of ,3, with a scatter of ,70 per cent, and only marginally yields the correct direction of the angular momentum vector. We recover the prediction that final angular momentum scales as mass to the 5/3 power. We find that mass and angular momentum also vary proportionally with peak height. In view of the fact that the observed galaxy collapse is a stochastic hierarchical and non-linear process, it is encouraging that the linear theory can serve as an effective predictive and analytic tool. Key words: methods: numerical ± galaxies: formation ± cosmology: theory ± dark matter ± large-scale structure of Universe. 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N Large-scale-structure formation (i.e., galaxies and clusters) most likely resulted from gravitational amplification of small density inhomogeneities in an otherwise smooth primordial density field following an initial hot big bang. This scenario is supported by the COBE findings of the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropies (Smoot et al. 1992). In the standard-CDM (cold dark matter) model (Peebles 1982; Bond & Szalay 1983; Bond & Efstathiou 1984), these fluctuations grow in the non-baryonic dark matter (DM) component before recombination, thereby providing the density perturbations which evolve into structures and voids (for reviews, see Ostriker 1993 and Peebles 1993). The evolution of these inhomogeneities are relatively easily studied using linear perturbation theory as long as the density contrast is small compared to unity, i.e., within the linear regime. However, once the density contrast exceeds unity, linear theory breaks down and either analytic approximations or N-body simulations must be invoked to study the evolution of perturbations. Application of perturbation approximations in the linear regime may offer insight into a protogalaxy's acquisition of angular momentum during separation and collapse from the Hubble flow. Hoyle (1949, cf. Sciama 1955) first suggested that a protogalaxy's spin arises from the tidal fields of its neighbours. An alternative theory, in which galactic spin is the relic of primeval vorticity, is Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 311, 762±780 (2000) w E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (BS); email@example.com (FJS); kamion @phys.columbia.edu (MK) D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /m nras/article-at/311/4/762/1746627 by C aornia Intitute of Tenology user on 19 M ay 2020 Linear-theory predictions of galaxy formation 763 not widely regarded as favourable (see the review by Efstathiou & Silk 1983). Peebles (1969) first examined Hoyle's theory using a second-order perturbative expansion to find the growth rate of angular momentum induced by gravitational tidal torques from the surrounding expanding matter field. In particular, he found that the angular momentum within a spherical comoving volume grows as t in an Einstein±de Sitter universe. Second-order expansion is necessary, since to first order, an isotropic spherical volume can not gain angular momentum from external torques. Doroshkevich (1970) found that for a generic non-spherical volume enclosing a protogalaxy, the angular-momentum growth rate at early times (in a flat cosmology) is linearly proportional to time, and that Peebles' growth rate resulted from incorrect symmetries. White (1984) determined that Peebles' findings resulted from surface effects which convect angular momentum across the boundary of the enclosing Eulerian volume, and correctly reinterpreted the analysis to yield the predicted linear growth rate. White noted that his approximations strictly apply only to early times, during which the density contrast (or the density field convolved with a window function of protogalactic scale) is much less than unity, and that the final spin is dependent entirely on how the tidal torquing is terminated. Following the collapse history dictated by the spherical-collapse model (Partridge & Peebles 1967; Gunn & Gott 1972; Peebles 1980, chapter 19), one typically assumes that a galaxy becomes insensitive to the external tidal field once it separates from the Hubble flow and begins collapse (Peebles 1969). Peebles' and White's analyses involve volumes centred on random points; hence the matter contained within those volumes is not guaranteed to collapse into a bound protogalaxy. However, we expect that protogalaxies will form in regions of density peaks, currently known as the biased galaxy-formation model (e.g. Kaiser 1984; Peacock & Heavens 1985; Bardeen et al. 1986). A revised model has been proposed, in which second-order perturbation expansions describe tidal torques from high-density peaks acting on the primordial mass distribution of a protogalaxy, and has been analysed by, e.g., Hoffman (1986, 1988) and Catelan & Theuns (1996a, hereafter CT96). The acquisition of angular momentum from tidal fields and the role of tidal shear have also been studied by, e.g., Binney & Silk (1979), Heavens & Peacock (1988, hereafter HP88), Ryden (1988), Dubinski (1992), Quinn & Binney (1992), Bond & Myers (1993), Zaroubi & Hoffman (1993), Bertschinger & Jain (1994), van de Weygaert & Babul (1994) and Eisenstein & Loeb (1995, hereafter EL95). Early quantitative comparison of angular-momentum evolution with linear theory was first addressed by Peebles (1971) and Efstathiou & Jones (1979). White (1984), using two 32 768particle N-body simulations, found that the mean angular momentum over all groups grows linearly at very early times …a & 2†; however, from the individual examples he shows, one is led to conclude that the dispersion about this value is quite high. Barnes & Efstathiou (1987, hereafter BE87) also draw the same conclusion from seven simulations using 8000±32 768 particles and a variety of initial conditions. Again, the mean growth of L at early times appears linear, while the individual galaxies exhibit a significant dispersion. BE87 further concluded that the linear prediction for the final angular momentum provides only an orderof-magnitude estimate. In this paper we address the predictions of linear theory and test their validity using a p3msph gravitational and hydrodynamic simulation. We expand on previous numerical studies by using galaxies evolved with higher numerical and spatial resolution. Following the collapse history and evolution of 77 galaxies from high redshift until the present epoch, we compare the angular momentum to linear theory, to study the accuracy and limits of applicability of this formalism. We address whether the lineartheory approximation is applicable in the weakly non-linear and strictly non-linear regimes. We examine the role and significance of local effects such as mergers and close tidal encounters on the evolutionary history. We further examine various models of protogalactic collapse and comment on the applicability and limitations of each. In a hierarchical-clustering cosmogony, structure formation is not expected to follow a simple spherical-collapse model. Therefore it is most advantageous if the linear theory successfully predicts the final angular momentum of a collapsing protogalaxy, for use as a computational tool, numerical shortcut, and in reconstructing the primordial density field. The layout of the paper is as follows. In Section 2 we briefly review White's formalism for linear tidal torques, as well as the predictions of the spherical-collapse model. We describe the numerical simulation, group-finding, and our galaxy catalogue in Section 3, and our methodology for measuring pertinent parameters for each galaxy in Section 4. Results are presented in Section 5. We first examine the collapse history of galaxies and compare the qualitative and quantitative predictions of linear theory to the evolution of our set of galaxies. We then discuss scalings derived from linear theory, compare predictions of the biased galaxy-formation scenario to our data, and briefly discuss correlations. The paper concludes with a discussion in Section 6. 2 DY N A M I C A L F O R M A L I S M For completeness, we present the derivation of the linear theory developed by White (1984) using the Zel'dovich (1970) approximation. Consider the matter within an expanding Friedmann universe to be adequately described as a Newtonian pressureless cold fluid. The linear-theory mapping between the Eulerian and Lagrangian comoving coordinates x and q (respectively) is given by x…q; t† ˆ q 2 D…t†7c…q†; …1† where q is defined as the x position of a particle as t


With a power amplifier (PA) being able to support widely separated frequency bands, dual-band digital predistortion techniques have been proposed as an efficient alternative to traditional wideband digital predistortion by only compensating nonlinear distortions around the signal bands of interest. In this paper, we provide theoretic analysis of the connection between wideband and dual-band memory polynomial models and propose two efficient implementation schemes based on lookup tables. Performance was evaluated with an experimental test setup using a symmetric Doherty PA and a dual-band signal (10 MHz LTE and 2-carrier WCDMA) with 97 MHz center separation. Drain efficiency of 31% was achieved with 41.2 dBm output power and both bands meeting −45 dBc ACLR requirement.


Object To observe the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on the activity of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibited by organophosphate. Methods Activity of ChE in human blood was determined with Ellman's method and used as an index. Results The cumulative dose effect curves for inhibitory effect of dipterex on ChE were shifted to right and the maximal inhibitory effect of dipterex was obviously declined by Tet. The maximal reactivating rates of inhibited ChE were 20.5%, 38.3% and 80.2% when the concentrations of Tet were 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 μg/mL (P0.05), respectively. The EC 50 values of Tet and PAM Cl for reactivation of ChE were 0.69 and 2.01 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion It was suggested that Tet is a reactivator of ChE inhibited by organophosphate.


The relationship between gender and political aggression is hotly debated and the empirical evidence is often mixed. While many surveys find a gender gap, with women less supportive of politically motivated aggression and violence than men, numerous case studies point to women's active involvement in political violence and refute the association of women with peacefulness. This article argues that the gender–aggression relation depends upon (1) the type of political aggression under study (i.e. direct vs. indirect political aggression), and (2) contextual factors, notably the salience of a protracted conflict. Using original datasets representing Israeli Jews (N = 3,126) we found that in the context of protracted conflict, gender has a unique effect on support for indirect forms of political aggression, over and above other central predictors of political aggression (i.e. political orientation and threat perceptions), such that women are actually more supportive of politically motivated social distancing and exclusion of out-groups in conflict as compared to men. Women and men, however, do not differ in their support for direct, politically motivated, violent acts against government officials. Results also shed light on potential mechanisms underlying these differences (and lack thereof), in the context of protracted conflict. The findings cast further doubt on the stereotype of 'peaceful women' and point to the need for policymakers concerned with conflict resolution to address context-related factors when considering the gender-based differences in political aggression.


Hydro power projects across the UK proved to be the focal point of a recent conference which looked at the latest developments in uprating and refurbishment. Robert Freer reports from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in London.


Access to healthcare is concerned with the processes of gaining entry to the healthcare system. Analysis of access focuses on inequality and inequity in the availability and use of health services. In order to address global inequalities in access to healthcare, international organizations have promoted access to healthcare as a human right. This is linked to the ideal of universal health coverage, with shared funding of some or all healthcare for everyone, as a key strategy for achieving this. At a national level, rational strategies for resource allocation and priority setting are used to promote equity of access in terms of equal access for equal need, but historical inequalities based on the 'inverse care law' have been resistant to change. In health systems led by primary care, access to a general practitioner (GP) tends to reduce inequalities in 'entry' access to the health system, but the gatekeeping role of GPs may contribute to the development of inequalities of 'in-system' access. Wide variations in the utilization of both primary and secondary care services are indicative of access inequalities, but these variations may sometimes reflect clinical uncertainty or poor-quality care. Access inequalities may also arise from personal, social, and cultural barriers experienced by patients in accessing healthcare. These barriers typically represent more severe obstacles for marginalized groups in the population. Promoting equity means ensuring that services are responsive and acceptable to all groups, including those with stigmatized conditions.


Abstract : The Nordic states, just as other regions of Europe which neighbor Russia, are engaged in an urgent reexamination of their security and defense posture. Events in Ukraine in early-2014 threw into sharp focus a local lack of capability following decades of drawdowns and focus on crisis management operations instead of territorial defense. After an unpleasant awakening, countries in the region have turned their attention to the heightened security risks they face and their lack of preparedness for them. In an era of continuing austerity, the challenge for these states is how to design a working security and defense solution in the short and medium term which is both robust enough to survive in isolation, but also capable of being merged into a bigger framework such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) when the time is ripe. This would serve not just local, but also U.S. interests in safeguarding local allies and partners while limiting the need for permanent presence in the region. Deeper defense cooperation between the Nordic countries is an essential part of this solution. This monograph, by two highly experienced Finnish defense researchers with unparalleled expertise in assessing the problems posed by Russia as a neighbor, evaluates the options open to the Nordic region. It reviews both the opportunities available for regional cooperation (as well as ones from the past which have been missed), and the scope for enhanced engagement with the United States both within the framework of NATO and beyond.


The present investigation is based on the application of the technology GSM in the realization of bank transactions.  The same one has been denominated at world level as MOBILE BANKING that is not more than a bank within reach of the hand of any user of the technology GSM.  Among the advantages that the Mobile BANKING presents one has that it allows the users quickly to enlarge its existent channels of exit for accessed to the financial group; and this way to pass to be part of the great quantity of clients that you/they demand in any moment, everywhere to have access to their financial information. Their clients can manage with security and with effectiveness their financial matters while in the movement.  The Mobile BANKING provides to the immediate bridge between its institution and the world of mobile consumers. This program allows clients to have access to the information of the bill, to funds of the transfer among the bills, to bills of the pay and the operation common of the hint in any Internet-allowed device just as digital mobile telephones, and personal digital assistants.   It is expected that it stops in some years to implant this bank innovation in our country. Words key : Mobile banking, GSM, Cellular System.


Trust, Ease, Risk Perception and Buying Interest Consumers are one of the factors that areexpected to improve Buying Service Decision Go-Jek online transportation in Semarang City.The formulation of the problem in this research is to know how the influence of trust, easeand perception of risk to purchasing decision of Go-Jek service in Semarang City, throughconsumer buying interest as intervening variable. The purpose of this study was to analyze theinfluence of trust, convenience, and risk perception of purchasing decision through consumerbuying interest as intervening variable. The population in this study is the consumer of Go-Jektransportation users in Semarang City with a sample of 120 people using the formula RaoPurba. Methods of collecting documentation data and questionnaires, analytical methodsof instrument test (validity test and reliability test), descriptive analysis of index answers pervariable, classical assumption test and regresion path analysis, and using the test of sobel.The result of the research shows that there is positive and significant influence of trust, ease ofbuying decision of service with consumer buying interest as intervening variable, and there isnegative and significant influence of risk perception to purchase decision with buying interestas intervening variable. The buying interest variable able to mediate the influence of trust, easeand perception of risk to purchase decision is evidenced by the test of sobel.Keywords : Trust, Ease, Risk Perception, Buying Interest, Buying DecisionTrust, Ease, Risk Perception and Buying Interest Consumers are one of the factors that areexpected to improve Buying Service Decision Go-Jek online transportation in Semarang City.The formulation of the problem in this research is to know how the influence of trust, easeand perception of risk to purchasing decision of Go-Jek service in Semarang City, throughconsumer buying interest as intervening variable. The purpose of this study was to analyze theinfluence of trust, convenience, and risk perception of purchasing decision through consumerbuying interest as intervening variable. The population in this study is the consumer of Go-Jektransportation users in Semarang City with a sample of 120 people using the formula RaoPurba. Methods of collecting documentation data and questionnaires, analytical methodsof instrument test (validity test and reliability test), descriptive analysis of index answers pervariable, classical assumption test and regresion path analysis, and using the test of sobel.The result of the research shows that there is positive and significant influence of trust, ease ofbuying decision of service with consumer buying interest as intervening variable, and there isnegative and significant influence of risk perception to purchase decision with buying interestas intervening variable. The buying interest variable able to mediate the influence of trust, easeand perception of risk to purchase decision is evidenced by the test of sobel.Keywords : Trust, Ease, Risk Perception, Buying Interest, Buying Decision


This research has been conducted study the effect of horizontal pipe length on flooding phenomenon. Observation of the flow phenomenon has used high speed camera. Working fluids for this study were water-air and the water flow was countercurrent to the air through a hot leg simulator. Hot leg simulator consisted of an acrylic horizontal pipe with inside diameter of 25.4 mm and an elbow with inclination angle of 50 0 . The ratio of length to diameter pipe used in this study L/D = 25, L/D = 50 and L/D = 94.5. Water superficial velocity (JL) were 0.016 m/s, 0.049 m/s, 0.082 m/s. For each water superficial velocity, air superficial velocity (JG) was increased gradually with 0.1646 m/s from 0 m/s until flooding phenomenon appeared. Time interval to change air superficial velocity was 15 seconds. The result of this study was flooding phenomenon appeared earlier for higher L/D, and it was observed that the onset of flooding shifted toward the bend. It was also observed that flooding phenomenon shifted away from the bend for higher JL while L/D kept constant.


The increasing observational pressure on the standard cosmological model motivates analyses going beyond the paradigm of the collision-less cold dark matter (DM). Since the only clear evidence for the existence of DM is based on gravitational interactions, it seems particularly fitting to study them in this sector where extensions to the standard model can be naturally introduced. A promising avenue can be obtained using modifications of the space-time metric coupled to DM and induced by the presence of a new ultra-light scalar field $\phi$. The $\phi$ field can contribute to the DM density and can couple all the matter species universally, including additional heavy DM particles. We present a simple two-component DM model employing derivative conformal interactions between the two DM species. This can simultaneously: 1) guarantee the necessary symmetries to stabilize the dark species, 2) predict a subdominant thermal relic density of the heavy DM component, and 3) alleviate small-scale structure tensions of the cold DM scenario due to the possible co-interactions in the dark sector. The scenario is highly predictive with future observational prospects ranging from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to gravitational-wave searches, and can be generalized to more rich and realistic dark sector models.


We use reinforcement learning techniques to optimize the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm when applied to the MaxCut problem. We explore Q-learning based techniques both for continuous and discrete action environments with regular and irregular graphs.


The editors of reputable medical journals require evidence that studies submitted to them have received appropriate ethical review and approval. To what extent are they entitled – or perhaps obliged – to take the decisions of ethics committees or IRBs as settling whether those studies are ethical? The answer is fairly clear where studies patently fail to meet basic ethical standards. No one imagines that ethical concern about research in Nazi prison camps would be settled had the studies been approved by Nazi IRBs: Editors can no more avail themselves of the Nuremburg defense than the Nazis themselves. But what of the much more likely case in which research raises ethical queries in the minds of editors without being anywhere near 'wicked'? Can or should editors take IRB decisions in these much more common cases at face value? Some of these issues are raised by the etomidate pharmacokinetic (PK) study recently published in this journal (4). Forty-nine children scheduled for surgery were anesthetized with sevoflurane administered by facemask. Intravenous cannulae were then inserted to administer routine drugs as well as the study drug etomidate (an induction agent) and draw blood for assays during surgery. Anesthesia during the surgery was maintained with inhaled sevoflurane and intermittent bolus doses of fentanyl and vecuronium. The study design has some obvious benefits, minimizing suffering because the children were anesthetized during the placement of the cannulae and allowing easy and frequent blood sampling. On the other hand, the design involved the administration of what some might consider an unnecessary drug: there was no clinical reason to give the study drug, because the children were already anesthetized. Not only did the children receive no benefit from the study drug, they were unnecessarily exposed to potential adverse effects. It is not uncommon to administer opioids and neuromuscular blocking drugs after a gaseous induction. The use of an induction agent after the child is anesthetized is less common, although some might augment anesthesia at this stage to facilitate intubation. In any event, even granting that clinicians might sometimes legitimately augment anesthesia, there was no suggestion that there was any clinical reason for the administration of the study drug in the etomidate PK study or that it was the standard practice of the researchers to do so. The study was subject to ethical review and approved by the IRB of a major regional hospital. Nonetheless, the study occasioned some discussion among the editors of Pediatric Anesthesia. Some members of the editorial board thought that the quality of the data warranted publication and that the journal ought to accept the decision of the reviewing IRB. Others thought that many IRBs would not have approved the study and that that was a reason to decline publication. Obviously, the 'accept and publish' view prevailed. Should it have done so? One reason to think so is that editors must be able to take IRB decisions at face value at least most of the time: a general obligation to re-review would be enormously burdensome for both researchers and editors, practically unworkable, and conceptually flawed as it would render the initial review redundant. These are good reasons to avoid a general editorial obligation to question IRB decisions, but they do not entail that editors should never take more direct ethical responsibility for the content of their journals. Occasional inquiry behind IRB decisions might be manageable. However, admitting the possibility forces us to ask what should trigger editors to do so. One trigger looks relatively straightforward. Editors may be aware of defects or peculiarities of the review system a submitted manuscript has been through. The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) gives an example. In some countries, it is difficult or unnecessary to obtain approval for certain kinds of study: audits in the UK for instance. Editors who might otherwise reject manuscripts relating to such studies on the grounds that they do not satisfy their journal's normal review requirements should, COPE suggests, instead themselves ask 'is the study scientifically valid, [h]ave the ethical harms been minimized, ... do the


Clustering in data mining is a discovery process that groups a set of data so that the intra-cluster similarity is maximized and the inter-cluster similarity is minimized. Existing clustering algorithms, such as k-medoids, are designed to find clusters, but these algorithms will break down if the choice of parameters in the static model is incorrect with respect to the data set being clustered. Furthermore, these algorithms may break down when the data consists of clusters that are of diverse shapes or densities. Combined the method of calculating equivalence class in rough sets, an improved clustering algorithm based on k-medoids algorithm was presented in this paper. In this algorithm, the number of clusters was firstly specified and the resulting clusters were returned via the k-medoids algorithm, and then the clusters were merged using rough sets theory. The illustrations show that this algorithm is effective to discover the clusters with arbitrary shape and to set the number of clusters, which is difficult for traditional clustering algorithms


Actual employment for vocational graduates,an analysis of employment and the transfer of state of the Markov process,the basis for the establishment of the employment transition matrix model and time-effective follow-up model,combined with the actual calendar year of employment an analysis of the effects of the model are given to speed up the job the transfer speed of the dynamic strategy.


During the War of Resistance Against Japan,Yan'an and Chongqing became the research center of Marxism history under the drive of the leaders of the Chinese Communist Mao Zedong,Zhou Enlai,etc..The Marxism historians of these two regions have some characteristics in common.However,due to the spatial separation,the Marxism historiography in these two regions have their own regional features: the history works in these two areas have different degrees in caring the reality;they had different research focuses;compared with the historians in Chongqing,historisians in Yan'an could positively affect politics and academy,while historians in Yan'an were more influenced by the Soviet Russia history than those in Chongqing.


MITES (Miniature Interferometer Terminals for Earth Surveying) observations conducted on December 17 and 29, 1980, are analyzed. It is noted that the time span of the observations used on each day was 78 minutes, during which five satellites were always above 20 deg elevation. The observations are analyzed to determine the intersite position vectors by means of the algorithm described by Couselman and Gourevitch (1981). The average of the MITES results from the two days is presented. The rms differences between the two determinations of the components of the three vectors, which were about 65, 92, and 124 m long, were 8 mm for the north, 3 mm for the east, and 6 mm for the vertical. It is concluded that, at least for short distances, relative positioning by interferometry with GPS can be done reliably with subcentimeter accuracy.


We consider mathematical apparatus on the base of the generalized Harrington's desirability function in order to obtain relatively accurate assessment of the effectiveness in the form of absolute number that can be used in further analysis of technical facilities.


House sizes will shrink in the 21st century. Tight zoning restrictions, lack of available land and cost constraints are some of the factors affecting the trend towards downsizing. This text provides a road map to design of the small house in the 21st century, including in-depth analysis of award-winning projects in smaller-scale housing (areas of 1500 to 3500 square feet), considering history, site selection, interviews with architect/client, construction and budgets; statistical analysis of space allocation for major living areas, such as living rooms, bedrooms, bathrooms and kitchens; future trends in prefabrication, "smart" design and the demands of changing demographic forces; and owner and architect perspectives on why projects succeed or fail, with a number of case examples. All plans are drawn to the same scale.


In North-Western Europe, the majority of agricultural areas is highly enriched by nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphate (P)) frrom heavy fertilization due to intensive high production agriculture. This has resulted in extremely high nutrient levels of soils and acidified soil conditions over the last few decades. Still, agricultural productivity is enhancing, but due to changes in the agricultural systems less land surface is used. As a consequence, agricultural fields have become available for other purposes. One of these purposes is the transition of the intensive agriculture fields into natural landscape areas. Restoration of highly nutrient enriched ecosystems has become a common practice in North-Western Europe over the last few decades. The aim of such restoration projects is transition of heavily fertilized areas into natural landscape areas with high aboveand below-ground biodiversity. This comprises a full regeneration of former reference plant communities with high diversity. Remarkably, this goal has often not been achieved in various ecosystems, because persistent semi-stable states are reached. Certain dominating and partly invasive plant species might last for decades while members of the original vegetation do not return. Thus far, no satisfying explanations have been found for the situations that semi-stable vegetations are formed. We suggest that mycorrhizal fungal symbionts play an important role in the development of highly diverse vegetation communities and the return of the original vegetation. We think that mycorrhizal fungi are the main determinants for the germination and development of the majority of the plant characteristic for natural plant communities. In this paper, the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for the transition of highly fertilized grasslands into natural high biodiversity fields is discussed. This is illustrated by data showing that colonization levels of AM fungi are suppressed by Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2008-myc-3


Current processes of globalization affect the development of both international law and the legal system of the Russian Federation. Current trends of this development have identified the author's approach to its priority areas, which contribute to the change of the place and role of international law norms in the legal system of Russia. In particular, the norms of international law in some areas replace the Russian legal norms, becoming the only legal regulator of corresponding public relations.


Energy is required in all agricultural activities. Diagramming material flows needed by crop production systems supports the proper analysis of energy flows interactions within a system's boundaries. The latter complemented with an economic analysis gives a clear view of how beneficial a new practice within a crop cycle is—in this case, the variable slope (VS) land leveling (LL) operation. VS is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS, with real time kinematics—RTK—accuracy) LL technique used to create a smooth continuous surface with a constant slope, by cutting and filling topsoil layers only in those points presenting "anomalies" of micro-relief which make the movement of water difficult. This operation is important for paddy production since: (i) it enables to crop during dry seasons by harnessing the water of rivers and wells, and (ii) improves the production during rainy seasons, by allowing the farmer to manage the drainage timely and homogeneously. The present study aims to analyze, from the energy perspective, the effects of the VS leveling implementation in a paddy field (located in the Costa Rican Pacific), throughout input (labor, gas oil, etc.) and output (yield and price) data of five consecutive years (2011–2015). A material flow diagram was created representing two scenarios: before and after leveling the land. The materials were converted into energy (MJ ha−1) data, used for the estimation of EROI (energy return on investment), EP (energy productivity) and EB (energy balance) indices, while looking for a clearer understanding of the LL impact on the use of energy within the agroecosystem. Moreover, in order to complement the energy perspective, an economic point of view was considered as well through a profitability analysis where the total gain obtained over the years with LL was compared with that obtained without LL. Results showed that the increase in energy consumed by incorporating VS leveling is compensated by the gradual increase of energy embodied in yield, increasing energy balance (EB) from 26,192 MJ ha−1 up to 91,166 MJ ha−1. Similarly, EROI and EP were duplicated with LL. Economic total gain after incorporating the VS increased from less than 500 USD ha−1 up to 1800 USD ha−1 in the third year after leveling. Yield is more affected under adverse weather conditions with irregular water supply, either limited or excessive; and effects are less pronounced when the yield limiting factor is associated with biotic stress unrelated to irrigation and drainage facts. An environmental positive impact should also be noted, since VS allowed the production benefits of having highly-efficient irrigation and drainage systems, while avoiding major damage to topsoil layers.


For the past two years, members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)--which includes the United States, most of its European allies, and Japan--have been discussing how to set up international guidelines to regulate the emerging biotechnology industry. A May 1985 first draft of the guidelines spawned many objections, and now a revised draft, called "Safety and Regulations in Biotechnology," has encountered mixed responses from U.S. federal agencies. The Environmental Protection Agency generally supports the document, but the State Department, Food and Drug Administration, and Department of Agriculture have significant objections to its tone and substance, particularly in regard to the specificity of safety controls over the commercial development of recombinant DNA organisms used in large-scale production and for agricultural purposes.


The characteristics of a new type of radiation imaging system based on the use of a cylindrical, rotating, coded-aperture mask will be described. The system makes use of a number of combined mask-detection elements that are arranged in such a way as to provide a 360 degree field of view. The angular resolution and sensitivity of the system can be selected to suit the particular application. The sensitivity of the imager depends on the total volume of the detector used whilst the angular resolution is related to the diameter of the cylindrical mask.


The combined intake of citrulline (CIT) and leucine (LEU) can stimulate protein synthesis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of combined intake of CIT and LEU accompanied by exercise for 20 weeks on body composition, physical activity (PA), and amino acid concentrations in older Japanese women with low body mass index (BMI) (16 to 21 kg/m2) using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. The supplement was administered twice a day for 20 weeks (Ex (exercise) + CIT·LEU group, n = 10: mainly 0.8 g CIT and 1.6 g LEU; Ex + Placebo group, n = 13: mainly 3.5 g carbohydrate). Additionally, both groups exercised (weight-bearing exercise, square stepping exercise) once a week for 75 min. Body composition, PA, and amino acid concentrations in the plasma were measured. Body weight, BMI, body mass, household PA, total PA, and phenylalanine significantly increased in the Ex + CIT·LEU group (p < 0.05) post intervention. This study suggests that the combined intake of CIT and LEU accompanied by exercise can improve body weight, BMI, body mass, and PA in older women with low BMI, which may prevent sarcopenia and frailty.


The problem of optimally controlling the processing rate of tasks in Discrete Event Systems with hard real-time constraints has been addressed in prior work under the assumption that a feasible solution exists. Since this cannot generally be the case, we introduce in this paper an admission control scheme in which some tasks are removed with the objective of maximizing the number of remaining tasks which are all guaranteed feasibility. We derive several optimality properties based on which we develop a computationally efficient algorithm for solving this admission control problem under certain conditions. Moreover, when no future task information is available, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions under which idling is optimal and define a metric for evaluating when and how long it is optimal to idle. Numerical examples are included to illustrate our results.


The data from Shihezi Meteorological Bureau in Xinjiang Province during the period of 1960- 2010 was applied to analyze the climate changes in Shihezi city. The results showed that the precipitation and the temperature increased but the evaporation decreased. Along with annual mean temperature's increase during 1999-2010,the date for the beginning of frost was obviously postponed; and the date for the end of frost presented stable and early trend. The frost- free time presented prolonged tendency. The accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ and≥10℃ presented increasing trend.


Acid sludge is one of the major oil field acidification increased production ineffective. Therefore, the acid sludge formation of influencing factors on improving acidification effect is of great importance. The Suizhong 36-1 oilfield is selected as the research object , a more in-depth study of the acid sludge formed in the acidification process influencing factors . The results show that: With the increase of crude oil in the colloid and asphaltene content , the amount of oleic acid mixture to form acid sludge also increases . Strong acid ionizing out of the higher concentration of H+ , the faster of the speed, the forming acid slag trend is obvious. The residual acid pH value increased , the amount of acid sludge also will continue to rise.


Prostate cancer is the leading type of cancer diagnosed, and the most frequent cause of worldwide male cancer‐related deaths annually. The limitations of current prostate cancer screening tests demand the identification of novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer bone metastasis. In the present study, we performed a proteomic analysis of secreted proteins from the prostate cancer bone metastasis cell line, PC‐3, and the normal prostate cell line, RWPE‐1. We thus quantified 917 proteins, of which 68 were found to be secreted at higher levels by PC‐3 than by RWPE‐1 cells via LC‐MS/MS. To characterize the highly secreted proteins in the PC‐3 cell line and thereby identify biomarker proteins, we divided the quantifiable proteins into four quantitative categories (Q1–Q4). The KEGG lysine degradation and osteoclast differentiation pathways were demonstrated to be enriched in the highly secreted Q4 protein group. Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta family proteins related to osteoclast differentiation were identified as key regulators of PC‐3 cell proliferation. Immunoblotting was used to confirm the observed high level of pentraxin, follistatin, TGF‐beta family members, and serpin B3 secretion by PC‐3 cells. From the collective results of the present study, we suggest that serpin B3 is a promising novel biomarker candidate for the diagnosis of prostate cancer bone metastasis.


Located in Ladkrabang, Bangkok, The Earth Observation Center (EOC) of the Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA) is a ground station for receiving, managing, processing and archiving the Earth observation satellites data. The GISTDA EOC has two SAR data processing systems (SDPS) to support data processing from two SAR satellite constellations: RADARSAT and ALOS. This paper provides the overview of both SAR data processing systems including descriptions of the systems, data processing algorithms, architectures and functionality. The paper finally verifies the image quality characteristics of the example SAR data products generated by the two SDPS by comparing with the satellite operating agency's specifications.


Rather than enjoying a fine PDF following a mug of coffee in the afternoon, otherwise they juggled like some harmful virus inside their computer. Chocolate Chip Cookie Murder A Hannah Swensen Mystery By Joanne Fluke 2011 05 01 is approachable in our digital library an online admission to it is set as public hence you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in merged countries, allowing you to acquire the most less latency epoch to download any of our books once this one. Merely said, the Chocolate Chip Cookie Murder A Hannah Swensen Mystery By Joanne Fluke 2011 05 01 is universally compatible later any devices to read.


Along with incessant advances of CASE(Computer Aided Software Engineering) environment, it becomes more and more important that how to concordantly and efficiently support total development procedure between tools. This paper emphasizes to research the issue of tool interface technology in CASE environment, analyzes and compares all kinds of tool interface technology and expound its application.