The necessity for the control and minimisation of unintentional electromagnetic emissions from electnkal systems has long been uppreciated and much skilled effort is spent on EMI suppression. Due to the complexity of the problem, however, very little in the way of CAD tools is available to help the d(esigner. In this contribution, a method is described, bared on the Fifiiite Difference Time Domain technique, whereby the radiation levels from digital circuits may be predicted. Thepredicted results are compared to memrementsfiom some trial configurations.


In this research the batch removal of cadmium and lead ions from semi-synthetic wastewater solution using Sargassum sp. was determined. FTIR analysis showed that hydroxyl and carboxyl groups could be very effective for capturing these ions. pH, biomass dosage, contact time and initial concentration that were effective on the bioadsorption process were investigated. And then Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used for the mathematical description equilibrium data. The experimental adsorption data of Cd ions was fitted to the Langmuir isotherm.


ABSTRACT Based on the Behavioral Theory of the Firm and upper echelon theory, this study examines the impact of performance shortfall scope on emerging economy enterprises' (EEEs) overseas research and development (R&D). First, this study suggests that the broader the performance shortfall scope is, the less likely EEEs are to implement overseas R&D. Moreover, this study suggests that top management team (TMT) tenure weakens the negative impact of performance shortfall scope on EEEs' overseas R&D. Meanwhile, CEO duality enhances the above relationship. Based on the empirical data pertaining to Chinese listed manufacturing enterprises from 2003 to 2020, this study confirms the arguments put forward. This study is the first of its kind to examine the relationship between performance shortfall scope and EEEs' overseas R&D.


The objectives of this study are: (1) to describe the main characters of The Book of Love , (2) to describe the human values of the main characters of The Book of Love. In this study the writer used descriptive and qualitative techniques. The writer collected the data through observation of the movie by watching and reading the script of the movie several times to get information about the characters and the human values. Then, the writer collected the data and analyzed them. In analyzing the data, the writer used coding, decoding, categorization, and confirmation. The analysis focused on the characters and the human values in The Book of Love movie. The results of the researchshow that there are three main characters of The Book of Love movie; they are Henry, Millie, and Penny.Besides, there are seven human values that the writer found in the movie. Those values are self-direction, stimulation, achievement, security, conformity, tradition,  and benevolence. The seven values have good influence in real life. Thedominant values presented in this movie are benevolance (helpful) and self-direction (curiousity and creativity).


A model is developed to investigate the effect of radial grooves and waffle-shape grooves on the performance of a wet clutch. Three-dimensional formulation of the governing equations, boundary conditions, and numerical solution scheme are presented for modeling the thermal aspects of the engagement process in a wet clutch. The thermal model includes full consideration of the viscous heat dissipation in the fluid as well as heat transfer into the separator, the friction material, and the core disk. The convective terms in the energy equations for the oil as well as the heat conduction equations in the bounding solids are properly formulated to determine the temperature fields corresponding to the domains between grooves. Roughness, centrifugal force, deformability, and permeability of the friction material with grooves are taken into account. The effects of groove geometry such as groove depth, grooved area, and number of grooves on the engagement characteristic of a wet clutch are investigated. It is also shown that the thermal effects in a wet clutch influence the engagement time and the torque response and should be included in the analytical studies.


The basic concepts underlying the extraction of a high current ion beam with low convergence from a duoplasmatron are discussed ion optically with the aid of a ray tracing method. The modified extraction system is composed of two cylindrical electrodes, one the anode and the other the extractor, and it is controlled by the application of a combined magnetic field and electrical field to this bipotential lens. The anode which is composed of a cone- shaped orifice and a cylindrical expansion electrode with a concave cap allows the satisfactory expansion of the high density plasma and allows extraction of laminated flow from the concave plasma boundary. Currents of 20 mA at 20 keV are obtained. The current density is measured by the erosion of a fine mesh and the machining of stainless steel inserted into the beam path. It has been shown that a high current ion beam with a laminated flow satisfying the space charge limiting current and with a highest brightness of 1011 A m-2 sterad-1 can be extracted and is very useful for ions beam processing applications.


This essay examines various aspects of the sociocosmology of the Ikpeng, an Amerindian people of southern Amazonia. Through an attempted absorption of various Ikpeng concepts into its analytic vocabulary, it explores the convergence of the notions of affect (not relation) and becoming (not transformation) of this people on a sociopolitical plane composed by a mixture of peoples and species (not persons). On this plane, the shaman figures as a species anomaly, a position achieved via his exposure to multiple deaths, a radicalized version of the self-intoxication experienced throughout a subject's lifetime. Sustained by an animistic/shamanic cosmology, these conceptions prove incompatible with the humanistic models of sociopolitics predominant in contemporary anthropology. Following this indigenous line of thinking also exposes a non-organic modelling of sexual difference, intrinsic to the trans-species compositions involved in Ikpeng rituals, but whose first points of emergence are the shamanic initiation of boys and the menstruation of girls.


There has been an increasing interest in the concept of relational contracting (RC) in the construction industry. The performance of RC approaches in construction projects, especially in highly complex and/or time-constrained infrastructure construction projects, is not very satisfying, although there have been sporadic improvements. Hence, this paper aims to map the practices of three main RC contractual arrangements (i.e. project partnering, alliance contracting, and integrated project delivery) to Relational Contract Theory (RCT). The comparative analysis of these three RC contractual arrangements is undertaken to illustrate how different arrangements are weighted in different key elements derived from RCT. Following this study researchers can proceed to investigate situational variables that will make a particular RC approach most suitable. Industrial practitioners can use the findings as a description of the concept and a starting point to facilitate the RC practices at the procurement phase of a RC project.


Functional deficits including behavioral and motor impairments are a significant cause of morbidity amongst stroke survivors, but therapies addressing neuronal repair remain unsatisfactory. Rodent models of stroke have provided some insights into the endogenous mechanisms underlying spontaneous recovery due to neuronal plasticity and have provided potential therapeutic targets for improving functional recovery. The complexity and heterogeneity of stroke have yielded a variety of rehabilitative approaches to promote functional recovery, including exposure to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, as well as exposure to enriched environments. In recent years, conditioning therapy, especially postconditioning, has emerged as a comprehensive method to induce neuroprotection, neuroplasticity and brain recovery. Many rehabilitative strategies are based on activity-dependent endogenous mechanisms. Specifically, common rehabilitative therapies involve the establishment or strengthening of unmasked or redundant cortical connections following stroke. Ischemic preand postconditioning as well as intensive, repetitive, and controlled exercise may result in morphological and functional improvements via neurotrophic supports, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Basic and clinical research has demonstrated beneficial results of rehabilitation and conditioning for improved outcomes after stroke and ischemic disorders. It is expected that, by leveraging activity-dependent endogenous neurovascular plasticity/remodeling, future investigations will help to enhance the efficacy and efficiency of protective/regenerative therapies and promote their clinical translation for stroke patients.


Sam McDonald oral history interview conducted by Kevin Kosanovich on January 10, 2013. Sam McDonald has made his career writing about popular culture and music throughout Virginia. Most recently, he writes for the Daily Press in Hampton Roads. Topics include: KRS-One; Danville, Virginia; the Daily Press; passing tapes; 7-11 Boyz; Boodah Brothers; Teddy Riley; Al B Sylke and 103 Jamz; Reggae; area clubs; Abu Unity Festival.


This letter focuses on source localization using frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements only. An efficient two-step weighted least square (TSWLS) method is proposed to estimate the unknown source position in closed form. In its first step, intermediate variables are introduced to pseudo-linearize FDOA equations. In the second step, the source position estimate is updated from solution equations established by using the first-order perturbation analysis. Theoretical analysis and numerical results have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method.


The container transportation,which is an advanced mode of modern transportation,is an important revolution of railway transportation and modern logistics.This paper introduces the present situation of the railway container transportation in China,analyzes some problems existing in the railway container transportation in China and their causes,compares with foreign advanced container transportation modes,and by using a series of logical analysis and reasoning,puts forward some strategies for the development of China's railway container transportation for improving the market competitiveness of China's railway transportation.


Natural tungsten metal has been measured using neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Gaerttner LINAC Laboratory to improve the tungsten resonance parameters. Three separate types of measurements were performed; transmission, capture and self-indicating. Previous measurements did not employ all three experimental types and used less sophisticated analysis methods. It is the authors` conclusion that the current work improves on the published tungsten data base and reduces the resonance parameter uncertainties.


Results of type II UF/sub 6/ centrifuge operation are presented. Data from this type operation in a single unit are useful in predicting the operation of a number of centrifuges in cascade. (J.R.D.)


A process for the production of grave capacitors in a p-doped silicon layer for integrated semiconductor memory having the following steps: - a p-doped silicon layer having a resistivity of less than 0.3 ohm cm is provided; - start nuclei are generated on the front side of the p-doped silicon layer, wherein the start nuclei are pointed in the surface of the p-doped silicon layer etched sinks; - an electrolyte is applied to the front side of the p-doped silicon layer, wherein the electrolyte is an offset with hydrofluoric acid or fluorine organic solution; - an electric voltage between the back side of the p-doped silicon layer and the electrolyte is applied, so that an electric current flows at a given current density in the silicon layer and trenches are produced, wherein the electrical voltage is set so that a current density of 1- 10 mA / cm - a first electrode is ...


Based on the policy, the components between the host and multiple guest is selectively propagated. Components of the host and the guest are monitored. Decorated with the component being monitored change is detected. Based on the policy, whether to propagate the modified components between operating system environment it is determined. Propagation source identification information and / or classification, type of modified components, attributes, receives the contents and / or identification information, the changed components into one or more propagation destination from propagation source it can be determined that propagates. New guest of creation is detected. In response to this, at least one component of at least one propagation source is automatically propagated to the newly created guest.


The seaming mechanism of ammunition fuze sealing machine was introduced.The main factors causing inversion and block of cans were analyzed.The detection system for detection of inversion and block of cans was designed and the detection principle was explained.The purpose was to provide reference for safeguard fuze sealing process.


T HE medical management of cerebral edema consists mainly of variations of osmotherapy. This is based on the principle tha t the edema may be relieved by causing a shift of fluid out of the central nervous system. Substances used in this manner have included glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, sodium chloride, urea and concentrated human serum albumin. They have met with varying degrees of success, bu t none really proved entirely satisfactory. Early in our experience at the M a y o Clinic with the use of cortisone before and after operations for pi tui tary tumors and parasellar lesions, we were impressed with the marked improvement in the postoperat ive course and the relative infrequency of signs and symptoms suggestive of cerebral edema after operation. In 195~, Ingraham et al. n reported on the use of adrenocorticotropic hormone and of cortisone in the preoperat ive and postoperat ive management of 4 pat ients with craniopharyngioma. The postoperat ive course in these cases as in ~ later cases was notably stable and uneventful . Of special interest is their s ta tement tha t "a part icularly desirable effect of cortisone and adrenocort icotropic hormone is the beneficial action on the development of cerebral edema." In 1954, Raaf and associates 18 reported 18 successive cases of parasellar tumors in which adrenocort icotropic hormone was given before and after operation; they also remarked about the stable postoperat ive course. They stated, " I t seems likely tha t control of cerebral edema is one of the chief reasons for the smooth postoperat ive convalescence." Ty tus et al35 using cortisone in 7 of ~1 cases of craniopharyngioma coming to surgery observed similar benefit. The potential risk of cerebral edema because of the saltretaining properties of cortisone did not occur; on the contrary cerebral edema seemed to be less severe than in other eases bo th at operation and afterwards. Ty tus and associates favored, as a possible explanation, a pre-


In this study, 36 bread wheat genotypes were tested to determine grain yield and some quality traits (protein content, protein yield, dry gluten content, mini-SDS sedimentation value and thousand kernel weight) in locations of Konya, Iceri Cumra and Obruk, during 2005-2006 growing season. Grain yield ranged from 154.58 kg/da to 258.43 kg/da, thousand kernel weight from 24.13 g to 36.60 g, dry gluten content from 9.58 % to 13.90 %, mini-SDS sedimentation value from 9.50 ml to 13.75 ml, protein content from 11.88 % to 15.43 % and protein yield from 20.07 kg/da to 33.17 kg/da. Genotypes were significantly different (P≤0.01)for the traits studied. Grain yield was positively correlated with thousand kernel weight and protein yield, while protein content with dry gluten content and mini-SDS sedimentation value. On the other hand, protein content was negatively correlated with thousand kernel weight and grain yield, while mini-SDS sedimentation value with grain yield. C orrelations among yield and quality traits changed under different locations


High-resolution imaging spectroscopy in solar physics has relied on Fabry–Pérot interferometers (FPIs) in recent years. FPI systems, however, become technically challeng-ing and expensive for telescopes larger than the 1 m class. A conventional slit spectrograph with a diffraction-limited performance over a large field of view (FOV) can be built at much lower cost and effort. It can be converted into an imaging spectro(polari)meter using the concept of a subtractive double pass (SDP). We demonstrate that an SDP system can reach a similar performance as FPI-based systems with a high spatial and moderate spectral resolution across a FOV of 100 (cid:2)(cid:2) × 100 (cid:2)(cid:2) with a spectral coverage of 1 nm. We use H α spectra taken with an SDP system at the Dunn Solar Telescope and complementary full-disc data to infer the properties of small-scale superpenumbral filaments. We find that the majority of all filaments end in patches of opposite-polarity fields. The internal fine-structure in the line-core intensity of H α at spatial scales of about 0 . (cid:2)(cid:2) 5 exceeds that in other parameters such as the line width, indicating small-scale opacity effects in a larger-scale structure with common properties. We conclude that SDP systems in combination with (multi-conjugate) adaptive optics are a valid alternative to FPI systems when high spatial resolution and a large FOV are required. They can also reach a cadence that is comparable to that of FPI systems, while


Hydraulic load,organic load and the C /N ratio are main factors affecting nutritive salt removal efficiency of wastewater soil infiltration systems. In a laboratory with controlled temperature,effects of hydraulic load,organic load and environmental conditions on pollutants removal efficiency of soil infiltration systems were analyzed. Results show that when hydraulic load was lower than 0. 15 m3·m-2·d-1,removal efficiencies of COD Cr,TN and TP in simulated domestic sewage reached over 84%,37% and 93%,respectively,meanwhile the number of Nitrosomonas was up to 4. 50 ×106per gram dry soil. The perched water in the upper layer of the installation did not affect much the removal efficiencies of COD Cr and phosphates. However,as a result of lowered dissolved oxygen in the system,nitrification of ammonia nitrogen was inhibited and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and TN lowered. Under the condition of enough DO,higher C / N ratio( 5 ∶ 1) was conducive to TN removal efficiency in the system.


The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) requires an infrastructure of systems that can provide services for devices abstraction and data management, and also support the development of applications. IoT middleware has been recognized as the system that can provide this necessary infrastructure of services and has become increasingly important for IoT over the last years. The architecture of an IoT middleware is usually based on SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) standard and has security requirement as one of its main challenges. The large amount of data that flows in this kind of system demands security services able to ensure data protection in the entire system. In addition, some IoT applications, mainly those from e-health environments, have brought new requirements in terms of secure communication and acceptable response time for critical services. Although IoT middleware technologies have been used to cope with the most relevant requirements demanded by different IoT applications, security is a special topic that is not mature enough in this kind of technology. The security challenges regarding e-health scenarios are concentrated mainly on issues surrounding the communication layer, specially those cases in which patient data are transmitted in open networks where they are more vulnerable to attacks. In this sense, there is a need for ensure data confidentiality and integrity in middleware system layers to enable a reliable understanding of a patient current life state. This work proposes the definition of four security services focused on data protection in order to minimize security problems found in SOA-based IoT middleware systems. We implemented only one of these services (CCP Communication Channel Protection) which is composed of two security approaches: TLS and DTLS. Both approaches are known security protocols able to provide confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. The implemented service was focused on protecting data transmission in an IoT middleware system (COMPaaS Cooperative Middleware Platform as a Service) and was validated through a specific e-health scenario. The main goal was to verify if our security implementations compromise, in terms of response time, the communication performance of the middleware system, which is the key requirement of the e-health scenario. Tests revealed a satisfactory result since the implemented approaches respected the response time requirement of the application and protected the transmitted data.


In order to encrypt multi-wave input signals simultaneously,according to the analysis of the effect of light interference,we conclude that XOR encrypting operation can be realized by the interference of two coherent optical signals one of which is given pi phase shift before they combining.According to this conclusion,an all-optical encryption system which can be used in wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)system and encrypting multi-wavelength optical signals is proposed.This scheme achieves multi-wave length coherent optical signals and optical keys by direct electro-optics modulation,and achieves pi phase shift of multi-wavelength optical keys by phase shifter,then the XOR encrypting operation for optical signals can be realized by the combining and interferring of optical signal and key which have the same wavelength,and then the multi-wavelength encrypted result is output.The feasibility and effectiveness of this system are confirmed by the simulation of encrypting operation of 8×10Gbit/ps WDM signals.The bit error rate(BER)and Qfactor of encrypting output are 0and 164,respectively.Moreover,this paper analyzes the Qfactors of encryption output at different duty cycles of input signals.When the duty cycle of input signal is smaller than 0.43,the Qfactor of encrypted result is about 164.


In this paper, we propose a new energy scavenging system for powering bio‐implantable devices. Different available energy sources and micro‐generators are examined. The operation of electrostatic generators will be examined in detail, and their design issues are discussed. The proposed generator is analyzed, and a closed form formula is developed for the capacitor voltages. Also, an equation is obtained for the output power for the proposed circuit. It will be shown that the diaphragm muscle in conjunction with the electrostatic micro‐generator can be used to extract energy from human body. The diaphragm muscle has a continuous movement with a relatively fixed frequency. There is enough space around this muscle to place the micro‐generator. Using the proposed system, it will be shown that it is possible to produce 230 mW power in a 125 mm3 volume from the diaphragm muscle. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Ajmer is located in the center of Rajasthan (INDIA) between 25 0 38 " and 26 0 58 " north Latitude and 73 0 54 " and 75 0 22" east longitude covering a geographical area of about 8481sq km hemmed in all sides by Aravalli hills . About 7 miles from the city is Pushkar lake created by the touch of lord Brahma. The Dargah of khawaja Moinuddin chisti is holiest shrine next to Mecca in the world. Ajmer has hot dry summer and cold bracing winter. The winter extends from November to February and summer extends from March to June followed by rainy season till mid September. The temperature varies from 2 o c in winter and 49 0 c in summer. The normal annual rainfall is 527.3mm. The adult insect fauna disp;ayed diversity of more than 18 families belonging to Dytiscidae Helonidae, Hydraenidae , Hydrophilidae, Psephenidae, Corixidae, Gerriidae, Nepidae, Notonectidae, and Validae. Besides Latitude and 73 0 54 " and 75 0 22" east longitude covering a geographical area of about 8481sq km hemmed in all sides by Aravalli hills . The district is somewhat triangular in shape. It is centrally located in Rajasthan also known as heart of Rajasthan. About 7 miles from the city is Pushkar lake created by the touch of lord Brahma. The Dargah of khawaja Moinuddin chisti is holiest shrine next to Mecca in the world. Ajmer has hot dry summer and cold bracing winter. The winter extends from November to February and summer extends from March to June followed by rainy season till mid September. The temperature varies from 2 o c in winter and 49 0 c in summer. The normal annual rainfall is 527.3mm. The total population of the district is 2180526 persons. Around 5.56 % of total area available for land utilization is covered under forest. Ajmer is abode of certain flora and fauna that are particularly endemic to semi-arid and are specially adapted to survive in the dry waterless region of the state. Many workers have studied lentic ecosystem in India with reference to physiochemical


Ternary mixture HFC32/HFC143a/HFC134a was proposed and discussed as a substitute for HCFC22 in air-conditioning and cool storage air-conditioning system. It was shown that the blend around the composition of 0.2/0.3/0.5 mol would provide almost the same thermodynamic properties as HCFC22, slightly higher COP and volumetric refrigerating capacity than HCFC22, and promising hydrate-forming parameters.


About Alec Gordon Alexander David Gordon (Alec Gordon) is a researcher in colonial economic history. His work is a key reference among the deep ideological controversies on the impact of colonialism in modern Southeast Asia. It is therefore an important contribution to any line of research on "dependent capitalisms". Alas Alec Gordon passed away in Thailand on the 23rd of August 2019. Dutch Indies' colonial surplus: an attempt at measuring colonization He has published extensively, mainly on ...


We present a three-dimensional (3D) simulation of a daytime hypothetical uranium release at 200 km altitude. Of interest is the LWIR emission from uranium oxide ions, induced by sunlight and earthshine. Assuming a one-level fluid and integrated Pedersen conductivity ratio (cloud to ambient) of 5, the cloud diffuses along the magnetic field in time and rapidly develops gradient drift striations transverse to the magnetic field and across the direction of the relative velocity of neutrals to ions. Using the PHARO code, we produce contour plots of radiance in the 11-14 micron region to simulate observations from various locations both along and transverse to the magnetic field. Contours of radiance vary in intensity and character from different vantage points. Power spectra are calculated to quantify the development of spatial irregularities in the radiance. We find parallax to be an important effect which alters both the appearance of the radiance contours and the spectral characteristics. This inherently 3D effect could not be observed in previous 2D simulations. Altering the distance from observer to cloud or changing slightly the direction of observation can produce drastic changes in the observations.


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is believed to have infected over 170 million individuals worldwide and is considered a global health problem. Infection with HCV is known to lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. The search for direct-acting antiviral agents that inhibit the replication of HCV has focused on the HCV non-structural proteins of which the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is one. Nucleoside inhibitor strategies have proven fruitful in the identification of potent and selective inhibitors of HCV polymerase. The 2′-F-2′-C-methyl class of nucleos(t)ides have proved particularly useful in that this class of nucleos(t)ides show good potency, selectivity, broad genotype coverage and demonstrate a high barrier to resistance. RG7128 and PSI-7851 are members of the 2′-F-2′-C-methyl class of nucleos(t)ides. RG7128 is an ester prodrug of PSI-6130, a cytidine nucleoside, and has demonstrated potent clinical efficacy in genotype 1,2,3 and 4 patients. RG7128 is currently in Phase IIb clinical study. PSI-7851, a liver targeting prodrug, has demonstrated clinical efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in genotype 1 patients. The discovery and clinical development of RG7128 and PSI-7851 are presented.


Both enantiomers of endo-brevicomin (+)- and (−)-3a were synthesized from D-erythronolactone (1) and 2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-erythrose (2), respectively. In the course of the synthesis also the 7-vinyl analogues (+)- and (−)-3b of endo-brevicomin are available. The key step of the synthesis is the diastereoselective acetalization of the diols 1 and 10 with 4-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-butanone (4) and boron trifluoride-diethyl ether complex as a catalyst. The described procedure yields the key compounds 5a and ent-7b in good yields and with high diastereomeric purity.


This paper explained the concept of equipment software and equipment software value and analyzed the characteristics of equipment software.Based on the study of equipment software value,the influencing factors were presented.The principle of equipment software value evaluation was later discussed.Compared to traditional equipment software value evaluation methods,applicable evaluation methods were specifically put forward.


Heat tolerance of organisms is an important determinant of the potential impact of global warming and could thus be a very relevant bioindicator. If heat tolerance increases due to acclimation or adaptation, climate change impacts will be less than anticipated. In contrast, a decreased heat tolerance may indicate that a population is already stressed. As a case study, we compared heat tolerances among fish collected from pairs of sites with different thermal regimes, for the least killifish (Heterandria formosa) and the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). We quantified heat tolerance as temperature-at-death and time-to-death when field-collected fish were exposed in the laboratory to increasing water temperatures. For the four pairs of populations that were compared, two differed in heat tolerance. Fish from a site with above-normal temperatures had a reduced heat tolerance indicative of being stressed. Fish from another site with above-normal temperatures had an elevated heat tolerance and this in...


The applicable possibility of dual-mode sorption/mobility model and the change of mean permeation coefficient as the change of the plasma input power were investigated from the sorption and permeation experiments of in polystyrene membrane treated with plasma. The sorption experiment carried out using a pressure decay method and the permeation experiment carried out using a variable-volume method. The sorption and permeation behavior of were simulated well in terms of the dual-mode sorption and mobility model. The mean permeation coefficient was decreased under 80 W of the plasma input power but increased above 80 W of the plasma input power.


As with many of his students, my connection with Rudolf Amheim's ideas was immediate and revelatory. A simple example-a black square on a white ground-in one of his articles, which I happened to come across in an undergraduate course in art history, crystallized for me the dynamism of perceptual forces that underlie visual experience and carry symbolic meaning. Once having seen the vitality of artistic expression through Amheim's eyes, I was soon drawn into his work as a whole and had the good fortune of studying with him in the early 1970s as a special student in the Department of Visual and Environmental Studies at Harvard. Over the next two


A study is described that examines training of what is termed a 'structural' faultfinding strategy. Such a strategy involves reasoning about the structuralfeatures of a problem domain in order to interpret symptoms and narrow down the area in which the fault lies. Training was carried out using verbal descriptions and schematic representations of the flow through five chemical plants. Training for this structural fault-finding strategy involved three components: identification of plant characteristics (e.g. direction of flow, type of logic gate); production of the symptom propagation pattern of a given failure; and identification of all possible failed items given a specified pattern of symptom propagation. The effectiveness of the structural strategy was assessed in terms ofthe number of failed items identified correctly for novel symptom patterns at three levels of transfer comprising: familiar plants; novel plants with familiar structural features; and truly novel plants where the structural features a...


Degeneration of the lumbar spine is one of the known causes of low back pain. It is an ongoing, progressive process and starts with degeneration of the intervertebral discs which may eventually result in de novo degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DNDLS). Unfortunately, there are currently no therapies available that are able to slow down, halt or even reverse this process. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to provide a pre-clinical foundation for a better understanding of the degeneration of the lumbar spine and for the development and implementation of therapies. We found that DNDLS tends to result in a stiffer and less flexible lumbar spine compared to lumbar spines without degenerative scoliosis and that the current surgical treatment of lumbar spines with degenerative scoliosis is not optimal. While laminectomy at the apex level tends to increase the flexibility of the lumbar spine, the following posterior instrumentation results in much stiffer and less flexible lumbar spines, also compared to their native state and age-matched healthy controls. We also found that a clear definition and reliable grading system for intervertebral disc degeneration are missing in clinical and research practice, resulting in heterogeneity in study determinants. In order to test the effect and safety of intradiscal therapies, the injection of collagenase and cABC into caprine intervertebral discs has shown to be a reliable method to quickly reproduce ex vivo moderate degenerated intervertebral disc. To implement such therapies in clinical practice, a clinical algorithm for treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration might be adapted from osteoarthritis.


Information is considered to be a most valuable resource in the present economy because it stimulates all economic activity and growth. In marketing, passing of information is of vital importance because a business is separated from its customers in distance, time, socio-economic gaps, information and interest. For effective and efficient marketing, these gaps must be bridged. Advertising is acting as a bridge in connecting the business with the consumer. Advertising is the only one element of the promotion mix, but it is often considered prominent in the overall marketing mix design. Its high visibility and pervasiveness made it as an important social and economic topic in Indian society.


The present investigation aimed to throw light on the efficiency of two novel insecticides, pyridalyl and emamectin benzoate(contact), a semi-synthetic insecticide on two different larval instars (2 nd and 4 th ) of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidaptera: Noctuidae). Also to study their toxic affects on some biochemical parameters on albino rat. The results clearly showed that pyridalyl was more toxic than emamectin benzoate against the 2 nd and 4 th larval instar according to LC50 values after all time post exposure (2, 3, 5 and 7 days). In addition the two tested compound decreased pupal weight, pupation and adult emergence percentages resulted from larvae treated with different concentrations of these insecticides as 2 nd and 4 th larval instars. The present study also animals were treated orally with (1/10 LD50) of each compound done by using sixty male adult albino rats were divided into three groups .First group "control" was received distilled water daily, second group were received repeated oral administration of 0.07mg/animal/day of pyridalyl and third group were received repeated oral administration of 2.5 mg/animal / day of emamectin benzante for 28 consecutive days. The results showed that there were significant increases of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine in the treatment of Pyridalyl more than emamectin benzante and control. On the other hand there were significant decreases in protein content in the treatment of Pyridalyl more than E. benzante on comparison with control. Conclusion: The results indicated the toxic nature of the insecticide pyridalyl is more than E. benzante on Spodoptera littoralis and albino rats so we suggest that usage of E. benzante although it less toxic to save environment.


The use of information technologies in the first level of attention in health represents advances not only in improving medical diagnosis but also in patient care [1]. These advances allow the data exchange between medical institutes or health professionals. Often, there is not a practical objective in the technologies used, and its final use is confusing. Thus, inclusion in the clinical field is carried out at different speeds and with slightly homogeneous technological models [1]. Finally, inefficient implementations that affect adherence to the use of the devices are obtained. In this paper is introduced a model for assistive technologies developing. This document is formed by three essential parts: model, validation (tests stage) and results and discussion. The first, the criteria for assistive technologies development criteria are defined with an interdisciplinary approach. Then, a use-case-in which the model is applied-is shown. It is proposed that the use of a simulator to test two proposed components. With health professionals, the relationship between scientific criterion and expected results in a clinical environment are verified. The application of the metodology and use of the simulator leads to the detection of improvements in the requirements analysis. The improvements imply the reduction of development time of a technology that assists the functional reach test.


Air Transportation is the transportation of passengers and cargo by aircraft and helicopters. An efficient air transport contributes to economic growth and development. However in Nigeria,lt suffer from poor reputation for operational efficiency and safety. This is attested by the present state of the industry in the country. Recently available statistics and data show an increase in the use of air transportation. In Nigeria this is facing problems which arise as a result of factors militating against efficiency of the system. These factors include absence of a coherent air transport policy, bad management, decaying facilities, loose security, closure of airports, intermittent air crashes etc. This paper therefore recommends that adequate measures should be taken to ensure efficiency of the system for economic growth and development in Nigeria. Introduction Air Transportation is the transportation of passengers and cargo by aircraft and helicopters. It is a transport system that involves the movement or carriage by air of persons or goods using airplanes and helicopters (WIE, 2011).It has become the primary means of common carrier traveling. Greatest efficiency and value are obtained when long distances are involved and high value payloads are moved, although, the time and cost efficiencies obtained decreases as distances traveled is reduced, air transport is often worthwhile even for relatively short distances. It also provides a communication link, which is sometimes vital, between the different groups of people involved (WIE, 2011). Nigeria is classified as an emerging market and is rapidly approaching middle income status with its abundant supply of resources; well endowed communication, financial sector and stock exchange (Wikipedia, 2011).Such a country and its economy needs efficient air transportation. Furthermore, the large size of the country coupled with geographically diverse regions, difficult terrain, water bodies etc necessitates the use of efficient air transportation. Efficient air transportation is a means of transport that conveys people and goods from one place to another safely, on time without delay or flight cancellation or any other problem. It also contributes to economic growth and development. However in Nigeria, it suffers from poor reputation for operational efficiency and safety (Wikipedia, 2011). The aim of this paper is to undertake overview of air transportation and recommend how it can be made efficient for economic growth and development in Nigeria. Historical development of air transportation inNigeria Air Travel in Nigeria commenced during World War II (1939-1945) when it become necessary to move troops and supplies fast across the country. Several air strips were built then which were converted after the war, to Civilian use (Ileoje, 2003). Nigerian Airways was established in October, 1958 as a Joint Venture between the Nigerian Government, Elder Dempster Lines and the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). The Airways took over the operation of domestic flights from the disbanded West African Airways Corporation (WAAC) which had been operating commercial aircraft within the country since 1946 (Filani, 1983). In 1963, the Nigerian Federal Government bought out the other shareholders and Nigeria Airways became wholly-owned by the Nigerian government. The airline has a monopoly for providing domestic air services in Nigeria. It was also the national flag carrier for international services along the West African Coast, Europe and the United States of America. JORIND 10 (2), June, 2012. ISSN 1596 8308. www.transcampus.org./journals, www.ajol.info/journals/jorind 231 In 1976 Nigeria Airways operated a fleet of nineteen aircraft consisting of two each of Boeings 707 and 737 and one DC 10-30 aircraft used mainly for international flights. There were Seven F.28 Jets and Seven Folder F.27 propeller aircrafts used mainly on domestic routes (Filani, 1983). There were also other major international airlines which operate flights to Nigeria, thereby linking Nigeria with the World's major socio-economic and political centers. Within Nigeria itself, several charter companies operate additional flight in small aircraft from Lagos to the main economic centers in the Southern parts of the country. The Nigerian Federal Government realizing the role of air transport in the nation's development made significant attempts to develop the country's air transport system. The most gigantic was the 1975-1980 Airport development programme in which the Murtala Mohammed airport complex was about N240 million (Filani, 1983). Six other airports in Kano, Ilorin, Kaduna, Sokoto, Port Harcourt and Maiduguri were developed to accommodate the largest intercontinental aircraft. Apart from these airports development programme the Federal Government also intensifies manpower development in the aviation industry. The Nigerian Civil Aviation Training Centres provides a substantial number of trained air personnel. This is in the areas of piloting, maintenance engineers, air traffic controllers, aeronautics teleprompter operators and communications personnel. These personnel were reinforced with those from the Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Zaria. During the 1980s and 1990s, many airports were built, existing ones were modernized and more services and facilities added, all under the management of Nigerian Airports Authority. Ileoje, 2003 states that it is estimated that by the year 2003, over four million Nigerian fly and use the airports each year. However, private domestic air carries began to win business at the expense of Nigeria, Airways, the government-owned national airline and it was declared bankrupt in 2004. The national flag carrier of Nigeria is now-virgin Nigeria Airways, joint ventures between Nigerian private investors and the UK-based Virgin Atlantic Airways with the backing of the Nigerian government (Wikipedia, 2011). The replacement of Nigerian Airways with Virgin Atlantic Airways is an attempt at deregulating the civil aviation industry. On 17 September, 2009, Virgin Nigeria were re-branded as Nigeria Eagle Airlines which on 2 June, 2010 was further changed to Air Nigeria Development Limited, branded as Air Nigeria. According to Wikipedia (2011), there are a total of thirty eight (38) airports with paved runways and sixteen (16) airports with unpaved runways. The figure below shows some of the airports and air routes in Nigeria. Figure 1: Airports and Air routes in Nigeria. Source-Abegunde, et al (2001). However, there had been the rehabilitation and expansion of some airports in order to airlift Muslim Pilgrims to Saudi Arabia for the annual Hajj. These airports include Katsina Airport, in JORIND 10 (2), June, 2012. ISSN 1596 8308. www.transcampus.org./journals, www.ajol.info/journals/jorind 232 2007 and Gombe Airport in 2008.In the year, 2011 the State Governors of Bauchi,Kebbi,Kwara and Niger carried out rehabilitation and upgrading of airports in their State capitals to attract investors from anywhere in the world. These airports are to create an efficient transportation network which is indispensable for economic growth (Alao, 2011) However few planes fly in these airports as the overwhelming majority in these States can only afford road transport. In the years 2011 and 2012, there are new developments which have improve and further develop air transportation in Nigeria in the near future.These include renovation and upgrading of facilities at in Lagos,Kano,Port Harcourt,Enugu and Jos.Example include the construction of new terminal at Nnamdi Azikwe International Airport Abuja and the construction of domestic wing of Mallam Aminu Kano Airport.On December 12,2011 Arik Air launched the Abuja-London Flight while earlier in the year, a new airline 1 Nation Continental Airlines started the Lagos (Nigeria)-Kigali (Rwanda) direct flight. The situation of air transportation in Nigeria Statistics have shown that from the beginning of the Millennium 2000, there had been an increase in air transportation in Nigeria. This is in the areas of number of departing/arriving passengers, loaded freight, and arriving aircraft. This can be seen on table 1. Table 1: Air Transport Basic Data, 2000-2004 200


Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for obstructive sleep apnea and excessive snoring is being used with increasing frequency by otolaryngologists. Patients with these problems are usually obese or grossly overweight. We have found that the use of a mouth gag suspended from a Mayo stand (phelan Manufacturing Corp .. Minneapolis. Minn.) in obese patients is often ineffectual in giving proper exposure of the oropharynx; therefore. we propose an alternative to the usual setup. There are numerous methods in use today for operating in the oropharynx. The more popular methods use the Rose (or "head-in-lap") position. which offers good exposure with minimal assistance. When the Rose position is used, a mouth gag (i.e., Davis Crowe, McIvor, Kilner Doughty) is usually suspended from a Mayo stand that has been placed above the patient's chest. However, in the obese or barrelchested patient, the normal Mayo stand can not be used


The present invention provides a multimer scaffold based on the tenascin-3 FnIII domain that specifically binds to TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL R2), a cell membrane receptor involved in apoptosis. The present invention further provides engineered variants that exhibit increased affinity, increased stability, and reduced immunogenicity to the target. Further, the present invention relates to a multifunctional scaffold that is engineered as an agent for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment, and to the use of said scaffold for diseases caused by cells expressing TRAIL R2, particularly for cancer.


Due to the high theoretical efficiency and ease of fuel handling, the direct ethanol fuel cell is an attractive system to be studied. The main disadvantage is still low efficiency of the know anode catalysts, especially their inability to cut the carbon-carbon bond. Today, there are few simple systems known to partially possess that functionality; pure platinum and systems containing rhodium are amongst them. Analyzing what exactly is produced during ethanol oxidation and in what quantity, may be a path to explanation of this phenomena and subsequently, development of novel catalysts characterized by sufficient activity for practical application. We have synthesized and examined two carbon-supported catalysts: PtRh and PtPd nanoparticles of varied composition. We present here our results regarding the synthesis method, electrochemical characterization and distribution of products of ethanol electrooxidation in working low-temperature, polymer electrolyte membrane, direct ethanol fuel cell, where our materials has been used as the anode catalysts. It should be noted that the methodology we used for analysing the distribution of products of ethanol electrooxidation has some unique feature: instead of collecting products in separate vessel before analyse, we took samples directly from the cell output, and introduced them at the chromatograph's column head in seconds, without contact with ambient atmosphere. This is an important improvement, as some products of ethanol oxidation (especially acetaldehyde) can be easily oxidized by traces of oxygen, leading to underestimation of its concentration. This is especially important, as we recently determined, that oxygen easily cross-over through Nafion® membrane, and parasitically oxidizes ethanol on the catalyst's surface[1]. In the majority of the previous works this fact had not been taken into consideration, and wreak havoc in the reported products distribution. Our unbiased results let us comment on product distribution as a function of temperature, current density and catalyst's composition.


ACQUIRED selective hypoaldosteronism is a clinical disorder characterized by aldosterone deficiency without an associated reduction in the adrenal production of cortisol. The clinical manifestations usually include hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, reflecting the diminished stimulation by aldosterone of renal potassium and hydrogen ion secretion.1 Selective hypoaldosteronism was initially described by Hudson et al. in 1957.2 In most of the patients described since then, the aldosterone deficiency has been attributed to a reduction in renin secretion (hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism). This entity has been observed in patients with chronic renal insufficiency associated with diabetes mellitus or interstitial nephropathies and has been reported in susceptible . . .


The increasing demand of water in the country highlights the need to introduce low-input and water saving technologies for agricultural sustainability and crop production, mainly in semi-arid region. A study was conducted to minimize deep percolation losses from the furrow bottom under two different irrigation treatments viz. (1) furrow bottom with plastic sheet (T1) and (2) furrow bottom without plastic Sheet (T0). The physical and chemical analyses of soil profile were taken at a depth of 0-80 cm before and after crop harvesting. The dry density of soil slightly increased (0.01 g/cm3) under both treatments, while soil pH decreased under T1. The average yield was 8332 kg/hm2 and 7575 kg/hm2, with 21.56 m3 and 31.09 m3 total volume of irrigation water applied under T1and T0, respectively. The saving percentages of water under treatments were 52.22% and 31.00% under T1 and T0 respectively as compared to the saving of water under traditional irrigation practice. Overall, better performance, in terms of crop production and water saving, was obtained with use of plastic sheet integrated with bottom of furrows. Hence, it is suggested that the furrow irrigation method with plastic sheet may be used to preventing moisture and minimize deep percolation losses from furrow bottom.
Keywords: furrow irrigation, semi-arid region, water saving, yield, plastic sheet, deep percolation, okra crop, soil pH
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181101.3186

Citation: Memon M S, Ali K, Siyal A A, Guo J, Memon S A, Soomro S A, et al. Effects of plastic sheet on water saving and yield under furrow irrigation method in semi-arid region. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(1): 172–177.


This chapter draws from a one-year qualitative investigation of a ninth-grade English classroom in a new technology-rich high school. The study explores the question, What identities did students compose as they alternately resisted and embraced the use of digital media in the writing classroom? Presenting a case study of one student, Shane, the chapter traces the ways in which he responded to the teacher's invitations to use digital media, thereby discursively crafting particular identity performances in on-site and online communities. Analysis identifies a number of tensions specific to the use of authentic audiences and purposes in the 21st century digital writing classroom and reveals three identity performance categories: Shane the comedian, Shane the subversive, and Shane the artist. In analyzing the ways in which social networking tools, literacy practices, and identity performances converge in the classroom, the chapter challenges dominant pedagogical assumptions about using new technologies in the schools to engage learners. Mary Beth Hines Indiana University – Bloomington, USA Jennifer M. Conner-Zachocki Indiana University – Columbus, USA Becky Rupert Graduation High School, USA DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4341-3.ch018


This study utilizes a non-equivalent groups research design to compare the educational experiences and outcomes of two student groups – those who did and those who did not receive a needs-based scholarship to attend secondary school and college in the Dowa, Kasungu, and Lilongwe Districts of Malawi. We assess impacts across a range of short and medium-term outcomes, including: school attendance, withdrawal, attainment, graduation, employment status, employment quality, and post-schooling income. The scholarship substantially reduces the household cost of participation in school, and reduces the distance travelled to school. As a result, we find that scholarship recipients attain between 1 and 1.5 years of additional school and graduate at higher rates. In terms of post-schooling outcomes, we find that recipients are in higher wage-earning occupations after leaving school. Overall, results suggest that scholarships are an effective demand-side strategy for improving schooling attainment, progression, and potentially longer-term labor market outcomes.


Obesity is a global health concern and more than one‐third of the adult population in the United States is obese. Childhood obesity is also on the rise, with obesity rates doubling in children over the past 30 years and tripling in adolescents. Obese adults are at greater risk for increased severity of infections with influenza virus and obesity has recently been found to be an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality from influenza infection. Vaccination with influenza virus vaccine is the best method to protect from or lessen infection with influenza. However, studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that obese adults, when compared with healthy weight adults, have a suboptimal response to influenza vaccination. To expand our findings to children, we enrolled children, ages 2‐17 with a range of BMI percentiles to study the effect of weight status on the response to influenza vaccination. We collected a pre‐vaccination blood sample, and 30 days later, a post‐vaccination blood sample. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with pH1N1 influenza virus, a strain present in the vaccine, and markers of activation and inflammation were measured by flow cytometry. We found that obese children displayed a significant decrease in the CD4+ T cell activation marker CD69, which may suggest that obese children may have a poorer response to influenza infection compared with healthy weight children. In addition, we found that unstimulated T cells from obese children had increased markers of inflammation, including IFNγ and granzyme B, when compared to healthy weight children, suggesting that PBMCs from obese children may not respond appropriately when challenged with antigen. Therefore, much like the obese adult population, obese children also have immune impairments that may put them at greater risk for infections, even when vaccinated.


Bulk metallic glasses or nanostructured Zr-base multicomponent alloys are attractive candidates as advanced high-strength materials for structural applications. The combination of high strength with high elastic strain renders such alloys quite unique in comparison to conventional microcrystalline materials. However, one major drawback for their use in engineering applications is the often limited macroscopic plastic deformability at room temperature, despite the fact that some of these alloys show perfectly elastic-plastic deformation behavior. To circumvent the limited ductility of these alloys, the concept of developing a heterogeneous microstructure combining a glassy or nanostructured matrix with second-phase particles with a different length-scale, has recently been employed. We review the present state-of-the-art in the production of Zr-base multicomponent structural bulk metallic glass/nanostructured composite materials by manipulating the microstructure to achieve high strength together with high ductility via controlling the instabilities responsible for early failure. We emphasize the possibilities to manipulate such composite microstructures in favor of either strength or ductility, or a combination of both, and also discuss the acquired ability to synthesize such in-situ high-strength composite microstructures in bulk form through inexpensive processing routes.


In order to study the genitic diversity and genetic structure of Bird's nest fern(Neottopteris nidus) populations,fresh tender fronds of the Bird's nest fern were collected and resorted to genomic DNA extraction through optimized RAPD reaction system by using different concentrations of CTAB and NaCl,different volumes of template DNA and primer.The improved CTAB DNA extraction method was the best to extract the genomic DNA of the fronds of the Bird's nest fern.The optimum reaction system(25 μL) for RAPD amplification of the Bird's nest fern DNA was listed as follows:The template DNA(50 mg·L-1)1.5μL;the primer(1 mmol·L-1) 1.5 μL;2×EasyTaq PCR SuperMiX 12.5 μL.


This Current Practice Sheet is in two parts, the first of which is published here. This deals with the nature of self-compacting concrete (SCC), its materials and properties. The second part will cover production, placing and optimisation of the construction process, and will be published in a future edition of Concrete. Both sheets have been prepared by members of the Concrete Society Working Party on Self-Compacting Concrete.


Background: Treatment of malignant tumors of the pelvis, especially in the periacetabular region continues to present one of the most challenging problems in oncological and orthopedic surgery. Even now, hindquarter amputation is still the only choice for some patients, but hindquarter amputation can cause much trouble in sitting, standing and in fitting the exoprosthesis of patients after amputation, and their quality of life and function were always poor. Method: The weight bearing function of pelvis with autograft was restored after hindquarter amputation on 10 cadaveric pelves along with the lumbar and bilateral lower limbs, analyzed the stability of reconstructed pelvis under the axial loading in gradient from 0-500N. The finite element model of the intact pelvis was constructed based on computed tomography (CT) images of the pelvis of a healthy 30-year-old man and investigate its stress distribution under physiological loading. Biomechanical experiment showed that the intact pelvis was the most stable condition compared to the reconstructed models according to the capability of pelvis resisting compression in axial direction, but the intact pelvis and reconstructed models were restored anterior state after removed loading . There had no statistical difference in displacements of pelvis reconstructed by femur or tibia (p>0.05). The FEM analyses showed as following: the stress distribution in normal pelvis was symmetric and the concentration of stress located along ischio sacral arch. The maximum stress of the reconstructed pelvis was higher compared with that of intact pelvis. The stress distribution in two reconstructed pelves was similar. The maximum stress concentrated on the shaft of reconstructive tibia, which was less than that of reconstructive femur, in that the stress distribution was near screw. Conclusion: The stability of reconstructed pelvis is weaker than that of intact pelvis, but the stability of reconstructed pelvis is effective and it could bear human weight at earlier time. The maximum stress of the reconstructed pelvis is higher than that of intact pelvis and the reconstruction by femur is benefit for preventing bone fracture.


To develop high efficiency bait for termite in laboratory, film boxes with different kinds of wood sawdust were deposited in large containers where the termite, Coptotermes formosanus exists.Results show these termites are much likely to crawl into the box filled with sawdust mixed with additive. The attracting rate, owing to the use of additive,increased 7.9~24.9 times compared with the control; in the field the feeding capacity of termites to fir woods rich in terpenes can be raised by oven drying or oven wash drying procedures.


Negative effects of habitat fragmentation are thought to be diminished when habitat patches are joined by a corridor. A key assumption is that corridors facilitate ex- change rates of organisms between otherwise isolated patches. If the organisms are pol- linators, corridors may be important for maintaining genetically viable populations of the plants that they pollinate. We tested the hypothesis that corridors increase the movement of insect pollinators into patches of habitat and thereby increase pollen transfer for two species of plants, one pollinated by butterflies (Lantana camara) and the other by bees and wasps (Rudbeckia hirta). We worked in an experimental landscape consisting of 40 --1- ha patches of early-successional habitat in a matrix of forest. Within each of eight exper- imental units, two patches were connected by a corridor (150 x 25 m), and three were not. Patch shape varied to control for the area added by the presence of a corridor. Differences in patch shape also allowed us to test alternative hypotheses of how corridors might function. The Traditional Corridor Hypothesis posits that corridors increase immigration and emi- gration by functioning as movement conduits between patches. The Drift Fence Hypothesis posits that corridors function by "capturing" organisms dispersing through the matrix, redirecting them into associated habitat patches. Using fluorescent powder to track pollen, we found that pollen transfer by butterflies between patches connected by a corridor was significantly higher than between unconnected patches (all values mean ? 1 SE: 59% ? 9.2% vs. 25% ? 5.2% of flowers receiving pollen). Likewise, pollen transfer by bees and wasps was significantly higher between connected patches than between unconnected patch- es (30% ? 4.2% vs. 14.5% ? 2.2%). These results support the Traditional Corridor Hy- pothesis. There was little support, however, for the Drift Fence Hypothesis. To generalize our results to a larger scale, we measured the probability of pollen transfer by butterflies as a function of distance along a 2000 x 75 m corridor. Pollen transfer probability expo- nentially declined with respect to distance and successfully predicted pollen transfer prob- ability on the scale of our previous experiment. These results suggest that corridors facilitate pollen transfer in fragmented landscapes.


Abstract : Piezoelectric actuated shaker tables are often used for high frequency fatigue testing. Since natural frequencies can appear in the operating range of these shaker tables, it is necessary to conduct modal characterization of the system before testing. This thesis describes the design and experimental validation of a mechanical model used for modal analysis of a piezoelectric shaker table. A commercially available three-dimensional scanning device was used to produce a point cloud model of the surface geometry, which was converted to a solid model and imported into a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) package for modal analysis. Using a laser vibrometer to measure displacement and velocity, the physical vibration response of the shaker table was obtained for comparison with FEA frequency response results. The laser vibrometer data was used to validate and tune the FEA modal response.


PURPOSE: A skin external composition containing orchid callus extract is provided to activate skin cells through growth and proliferation of skin cells. CONSTITUTION: A skin external composition for skin condition improvement contains Neofinetia falcate callus extract as an active ingredient. The Neofinetia falcate callus extract is obtained by inducing callus from the seed of Neofinetia falcate through tissue culture technique then pulverizing the callus or extracting with hot water and ethanol. A culture medium for inducing the callus contains 40.0 g/L of sucrose, 3.0 g/L of Hyponex, 4.0 g/L of peptone, 35.0 g/L of banana powder, 2.0 g/L of charcoal, and 8.0 g/L of agar in MS basic medium.


The Chairman, in a letter to members of the Committee and others, stated as follows:

"(1) Opportunity for public discussion of important hydrologic papers presented before the American Geophysical Union has not been furnished. Such papers require advance distribution to enable a satisfactory review to be made, and the present facilities of the American Geophysical Union do not permit this. The value of these papers would be greatly enhanced by written discussion.


Efficacy of preoperative (primary, neoadjuvant) systemic chemotherapy significantly improved over the last two decades. Only about 3% of patients reached a pathological complete remission after preoperative treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in the late 1980s, whereas today up to 18% have no viable tumour cell detected at histological examination when taxane-containing regimens, for example adriamycin/cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel or docetaxel/adriamycin/cyclophosphamide, are being used. This improvement has implications on current treatment recommendations and should be considered when this approach gains a broader use in routine practice.


【Objective】To explore the clinical significance of serum autoantibodies for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis(PBC).【Methods】Anti-nuclear(ANA),anti-smooth muscle antibodies(SMA) were detected using immunofluorescent assays,autoantibody of liver antigens LKM-1,LC-1 SLA/LP and AMA-M2 were detected by an immune blotting assay for 248 patients with abnormal liver functions of unknown cause,and these results were analyzed according to their biochemical results and immune globulin.【Results】Of the 248 patients with abnormal liver functions of unknown cause,51(20.5%) were diagnosed as PBC,the remaining 197 did not find causes.Of 51 PBC cases,AMA-M2 positive rate was 100%,ANA positive rate was 62.7%(32/51),Nuclear membrane and nuclear dots were two main fluorescent patterns of ANA.Immune globulin M,ALP and GGT in PBC patients were significantly higher than those of hepatitis B related liver cirrhosis patients.In 4 autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes among 51 PBC patients,one was SLA/LP positive,indicated as AIH type III and PBC overlapping,1 was KLM-1 positive showing AIH type II overlapping PBC,and 2 had ANA,SMA positive and were identified as AIH type 1 overlapping PBC.【Conclusion】Detections of ANA,SMA and autoantibody of liver antigens are useful for clinically identifying PBC.Autoimmunity overlap syndrome is found in PBC.The autoantibody detection of liver antigens for patients with abnormal liver functions of unknown cause will be helpful for clinical diagnosis.


Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience negative outcomes in personal, educational, and social domains that might impair their functional adaption throughout their life. A growing body of literature has suggested that physical exercise could be of benefit for altering brain functions underlying cognition and behavior. However, most studies have focused primarily on aerobic physical exercise training. PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of a racket-sport training lasting 12 weeks (two times a week for 70-min periods) on behaviors in 32 boys with ADHD. METHODS: In the first 12 weeks (phase I), 16 boys (group A) received the intervention while 16 boys did not. A second 12 weeks (phase II) immediately followed, with the treatments reversed. Both groups continued their regular treatment/activity throughout the study. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to collect data three times, once at study entry (T1), a second time after 12 weeks of intervention (T2), and a third time after another 12 weeks (T3). Changes in dependent variables were examined in relation to treatment, using a two-way ANOVA (group x time) with repeated measured on time (T1 versus T2). Paired t tests were used to examine the treatment effect in group B (T2 versus T3) and potential sustained treatment effect in group A (T2 versus T3). RESULTS: The main findings revealed that (a) group A significantly reduce social problems (9.38 vs. 5.31, F=33.30, p<0.01), attention problems (13.44 vs. 9.69, F=41.67, p<0.01), and aggressive behaviors (14.31 vs. 9.69, F=18.75, p<0.01) after the intervention (T2) compared with T1, (b) significantly fewer social problems (6.94 vs. 5.00, t=5.23, p<0.01), attention problems (11.50 vs. 9.56, t=3.42, p<0.01), anxiety-depression (7.50 vs. 5.50, t=2.34, p<0.05), and aggressive behaviors (13.00 vs. 8.69, t=6.01, p<0.01) were also observed for group B subsequent to the phase II, and (c) group A merely maintained the attention improvement and reduced aggressive behaviors through the intervention during phase I. CONCLUSION: A structured physical exercise training may have clinical relevance in the functional adaption of children with ADHD. Supported by Taiwan MOST grant 103-2410-H-017-026-MY3.


Background: As documented in many studies, anterior shoulder dislocation can be effectively immobilized in both external and internal rotation positions, with favorable outcomes. However, controversy exists about the superiority of the technique of immobilization to achieve the reduced rate of redislocation. We conducted this study to assess the functional outcome of immobilization of shoulder in external rotation position after relocation in patients with acute anterior shoulder dislocation.
Methods: This is hospital based cross-sectional study in total of 36 patients of primary anterior dislocation of shoulder. They were managed with closed reduction and immobilization in external rotation position and followed up for up to twelve months. Functional outcome (including re-dislocation rate) during each follow-up visit was assessed by using ROWE Score.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.6±7.9 years (range: 17-44 years). Of them, 89.9% were male; and 55.6% were involved in risky jobs. Similarly, 50% of them sustained injury due to slip and fall, 72.2% presented to the hospital within 12 hours; and 69.4% had their right side involved. All the patients were compliant with treatment regime; 77.8% tolerated the brace well and the redislocation rate was 8.3%. ROWE score was found to be significantly increased between subsequent follow-up visits (p<0.05), except between six months and 12 months (p>0.05). Overall, ROWE score varied significantly across the total follow-up period (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Immobilization in external rotation position in traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation was a simple and easy method of conservative treatment with good patient compliance, less incidence of re-dislocation and good functional outcome.


The insecticide carbaryl (Sevin) significantly reduced numbers of juvenile clams in plots treated with 2.3 and 4.6 kg (5 and 10 lb)/acre. Pooling of samples taken at 1, 2, 4, 15, and 30 days after treatment showed mean clam numbers per m2 in untreated and treated plots were 364, 283, and 224, respectively, the reductions from the controls being 22 and 38%. Clam species differed in susceptibility to carbaryl; for example, numbers of the gaper clam (Tresus capax) were reduced by 58 and 69% at the low and high application rates in relation to those from the control plots, and the bent-nosed clam (Macoma nasuta) by 9 and 28%. There was no reduction in numbers of polychaete and nemertean worms.A carbaryl application of 2.3 kg/acre was as effective in controlling ghost shrimp (Callianassa californiensis), an oyster pest, as 4.6 kg/acre. Signs of stress and numbers affected are given for other mud flat animals.


Speech separation has been successfully applied as a frontend processing module of conversation transcription systems thanks to its ability to handle overlapped speech and its flexibility to combine with downstream tasks such as automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, a speech separation model often introduces target speech distortion, resulting in a sub-optimum word error rate (WER). In this paper, we describe our efforts to improve the performance of a single channel speech separation system. Specifically, we investigate a two-stage training scheme that firstly applies a feature level optimization criterion for pretraining, followed by an ASR-oriented optimization criterion using an end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition model. Meanwhile, to keep the model light-weight, we introduce a modified teacher-student learning technique for model compression. By combining those approaches, we achieve a absolute average WER improvement of 2.70% and 0.77% using models with less than 10M parameters compared with the previous state-of-the-art results on the LibriCSS dataset for utterance-wise evaluation and continuous evaluation, respectively


Abstract. In this work, some preliminary numerical simulations with
the COSMO model including TERRA_URB parameterization have
been performed. In particular, this work concerns simulations over a small
domain located in southern Italy, in order to test the capabilities of the
model in reproducing the main climate features of Urban Heat Islands over
this area. Model evaluation has been performed in terms of 2 m temperature in
an urban area and in a rural one, in order to highlight the behaviour of the
parameterization in different contexts. Numerical results encourage further
investigation and development of urban parameterization in very
high-resolution configuration of limited area models and specifically of
COSMO, to improve the representation of the maximum daily values of
temperature and diurnal cycle especially in urban, but also in rural areas.
Furthermore a better parameter tuning is still required for this specific
test case.


The Centre for Clinical Effectiveness (CCE) was requested by the Patient Experience Team to identify evidence of interventions that improve patient experience of the discharge process from hospital to home. Interventions that improve patient readiness for discharge, home care instructions (how to care for oneself at home, patient information) and postdischarge arrangements for services needed (transport, meals, mobility aids etc.) were of specific interest.


The richly fossiliferous succession of the Wulipo Formation in the Huangjiaba area near Meitan in northern Guizhou, SW China, represents one of the very rare records of shelly fauna across the Ordovician and Silurian transition worldwide. This area is therefore crucial for understanding the pattern and dynamics of the end‐Ordovician mass extinction (EOME). Historically, the Wulipo Formation was dated as middle Rhuddanian (early Silurian). However, its fauna shows a close affinity with Transitional Benthic Fauna 3 (TBF 3), now known to be confined within the late Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) in well‐constrained successions globally. Here we present for the first time, chemostratigraphic data from the Wulipo Formation which confirm the presence of the Hirnantian Isotope Carbon Excursion. A critical review of faunal evidence further indicates a late Hirnantian age for this formation, and thus the hitherto only known anomalous TBF 3 record documented from South China is convincingly redated. The important implication is that the substantial biotic recovery after the EOME commenced globally at the very beginning of the Silurian with an overall amelioration of physical conditions. The new findings also suggest a much wider distribution of postglacial warm‐water benthic faunas on the Yangtze Platform during the late Hirnantian than previously envisaged.


1Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; 2Center of Clinical Epidemiology & Evidence-Based Medicine, The Jizhou People's Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, The Jizhou People's Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; 4Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; 5Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; 6Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; 7Department of Neurosurgery, The Jizhou People's Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China


After the technologies of integrated circuits, personal computers, and the Internet, Internet of Things (IoT) is the latest information technology (IT) that is radically changing business paradigms. However, IoT's influence in the manufacturing sector has yet been fully explored. On the other hand, existing computer-aided software tools are experiencing a bottleneck in dealing with complexity, dynamics, and uncertainties in their applications of modern enterprises. It is argued that the adoption of IoT and cloud computing in enterprise systems (ESs) would overcome the bottleneck. In this paper, the challenges in generating assembly plans of complex products are discussed. IoT and cloud computing are proposed to help a conventional assembly modeling system evolve into an advanced system, which is capable to deal with complexity and changes automatically. To achieve this goal, an assembly modeling system is automated, and the proposed system includes the following innovations: 1) the modularized architecture to make the system robust, reliable, flexible, and expandable; 2) the integrated object-oriented templates to facilitate interfaces and reuses of system components; and 3) the automated algorithms to retrieve relational assembly matrices for assembly planning. Assembly modeling for aircraft engines is used as examples to illustrate the system effectiveness.


Part I: Conceptual and Empirical Foundations. Clinical Features of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Features of PTSD: What the Research Tells Us. Cognitive-Behavioral Models. Neurobiology for the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist. Treatments: A Review of the Research. Part II: Treatment Methods and Protocols. Assessment. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: An Overview. Developing a Case Formulation and Treatment Plan. Psychoeducation, Treatment Engagement, and Emotion Regulation Strategies. Cognitive Interventions I: General Considerations and Approaches. Cognitive Interventions II: Methods for Specific Types of Beliefs. Exposure Exercises I: Imaginal and Interoceptive Exposure. Exposure Exercises II: Situational Exposure. Adjunctive Methods and Relapse Prevention.


The background of the problem in this study is the variable Return on Assets (ROA) in 2011-2019 at Islamic Commercial Banks. This fluctuating ROA is influenced by external factors such as inflation and the money supply. So that the formulation of the problem in this study is whether the inflation in circulation has an effect on ROA, whether the money supply affects ROA, and whether inflation and the money supply together have an effect on ROA. This study aims to determine the effect of inflation and the money supply on ROA in Islamic Commercial Banks for the period 2011-2019. This research is a quantitative research. The sample in this study used a saturated sampling technique. Using all of the population as a sample, we get 32 financial reports. The data analysis technique used time series from 2011 to 2019. Data processing used the SPSS version 22 application. The data analysis techniques used were statistical tests, classical assumptions, descriptive, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedastical test, autocoleration test, hypothesis testing, multiple linear regression analysis, test the coefficient of determination. The results of the research (t test) show that the inflation variable has no effect on ROA and the money supply variable has a negative effect on ROA. Meanwhile, simultaneously (Test F) shows that the inflation variable and the money supply have a simultaneous effect on ROA. The datermination test (R2) in this study was 44,4% which was influenced by the variables in this study, while 55,6% was influenced by other variables that the researcher did not include in this study.


Squamous papilloma is a HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) induced benign proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium. The lesion is of low virulence but of great clinical significance due to its variable clinical behavior. We present a report of squamous papilloma along with its review of literature which didn't have the classic clinical appearance of papilloma but the histologic features were found to be consistent.


A series of delta-aminoalcohols prepared from (S)- and (R)-N,N-dimethyl-1-phenethylamines was found to catalyze the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde to yield optically active 1-phenylpropanol with enantiomeric excess 60-85%.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes of the free functioning gracilis transfer in children with traumatic total brachial plexus palsy. We used the free functioning gracilis transfer to reconstruct elbow flexion and prehension in 17 children with a mean age of 13.4 years (range 3–17) who were followed-up over a mean period of 6 years (range 2–16). The transferred gracilis delivered a stable elbow flexion with a useful power, as well as reconstructed active finger motion. In 3–11-year-old patients we noted a tendency towards developing a progressive flexion contracture of the elbow. The limb length discrepancy observed in our patients was not different from the brachial plexus palsy patients treated without the free functioning gracilis transfer. In conclusion, the free functioning gracilis transfer is a reliable reconstructive technique for reanimating upper extremity in children of all ages capable of delivering stable function over a long period of time. Level of evidence: IV


Ge-based substrates are being developed for applications in advanced nano-electronic devices because of their higher intrinsic carrier mobility than Si. The stability and diffusion mechanism of impurity atoms in Ge are not well known in contrast to those of Si. Systematic studies of the stable sites of 2nd to 6th row element impurity atoms in Ge crystal were undertaken with density functional theory (DFT) and compared with those in Si crystal. It was found that most of the impurity atoms in Ge were stable at substitutional sites, while transition metals in Si were stable at interstitial sites and the other impurity atoms in Si were stable at substitutional sites. Furthermore, DFT calculations were carried out to clarify the mechanism responsible for the diffusion of impurity atoms in Ge crystals. The diffusion mechanism for 3d transition metals in Ge was found to be an interstitial-substitutional diffusion mechanism, while in Si this was an interstitial diffusion mechanism. The diffusion barriers in the proposed diffusion mechanisms in Ge and Si were quantitatively verified by comparing them to the experimental values in the literature.


This study aims to analyze the influence Influence of Work Motivation and Discipline Supervision on Teacher Performance Moderated Elementary Principal at one-District of Batang. In this study population of all primary school teachers in the District of Batang PNS, whereas the sample used was 126 persons as respondents to the census technique. With a respondent criteria PNS Elementary Teachers in the District Education Office Trunk Unit. Measurements using a Likert scale of 7 (seven) alternative answers. Test instruments used are validity and reliability. While the test model used is the coefficient of determination and F test (goodnes of Fit). Test this hypothesis using regression analysis. Based on the results of the study can be summarized as follows: (i) Motivation no impact on teacher performance, (ii) Work Discipline has no effect on teacher performance, (iii) (ii) Supervising Principal has no effect on teacher performance, (iv)Supervising Principal does not moderate the effect of motivation on teacher performance, and (v) Principal supervision Work Discipline does not moderate the influence of the Teacher Performance Keywords :  Work Motivation, Work Discipline, Supervising Principal, and Teacher Performance.


The information industry can stimulate economic growth and create enormous social wealth. This paper analysis the integral part of China's information industry. At the same time, this paper researches its development status. Combining the characteristics of information industry, we find out the inadequacies of the information industrial policy. At last, this paper provides kinds of policy to promote the development of information industry.


A new inter-disciplinary degree program has been developed at Lawrence Technological University: the Master of Science in Mechatronic Systems Engineering Degree (MS/MSE). It is one of a few MS-programs in mechatronics in the U.S.A. today. This inter-disciplinary program reflects the main areas of ground vehicle mechatronic systems and robotics. This paper presents areas of scientific and technological principles which the Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Math and Computer Science Departments bring to Mechatronic Systems Engineering and the new degree program. New foundations that make the basis for the program are discussed. One of the biggest challenges was developing foundations for mechanical engineering in mechatronic systems design and teaching them to engineers who have different professional backgrounds. The authors first developed new approaches and principles to designing mechanical subsystems as components of mechatronic systems. Then, the developed principles and approaches were implemented in the MS/MSE program curriculum which consists of three course modules (eight core courses). The MS/MSE program and a new Research Laboratory of Mechatronic Systems were developed with support and collaboration of industry. The paper discusses aspects of collaboration with the private companies and development of new educational approaches to learning commercial software/ hardware for designing mechanical subsystems and making this process a part of the mechatronics laboratory development. INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEM FORMULATION Automotive engineering was formed and shaped as an engineering discipline in the 20th century. As we step into the 21st century with global economic challenges, there is a need for developing fundamentally novel vehicle engineering technologies and for educating future generation of engineers. The current needs in automotive industry, financial, economic and labor situation in the international market necessitates new approaches to of higher education, in particular, developing new branches in engineering education such as mechatronic systems engineering, which has received decent attention in the last 30-35 years. Some major universities in the U.S.A., Europe, and Asia had been developing mechatronics-related courses and programs [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. The content of courses and programs in mechatronics mostly formed spontaneously, depending on the instructor's experience. As a rule, mechatronics courses were initiated independently by professors in mechanical or electrical and computer engineering departments. The balance of academic courses and degree programs in mechatronics has become established in universities. The introduction to mechatronics became a popular advanced course in the BSME curricula. Master of Science in Mechatronic Systems Engineering (MS/MSE) program opens up new horizons for BSME, BSEE and BSCE graduates and Innovative Graduate Program in Mechatronics Engineering to Meet the Needs of the Automotive Industry 2010-01-2304 Published 10/19/2010 Vladimir V. Vantsevich Lawrence Technological University


. The mechanism of pres sure welding in polycrystalline alumi num, copper, silver and gold was in vestigated. The role of the oxide film was studied and it was found that no metal to oxide bonding contributes to the strength of the weld. From scan ning electron microscope observa tions a two-stage model has been suggested which could explain the different behavior of the metals studied. The first stage of welding involves the formation of overlapped oxide free metallic areas; this is controlled by: (a) difference on a microscale of the local plastic strain occurring on matching opposite faces of the weld interface, (b) relative hardness of the metal and its oxide film, and (c) mechanical properties of the oxide. The second stage involves: (a) plastic flow of the metal to the over lapped areas; the stress at which this can take place is influenced by the stacking fault energy of the metal, and (b) some relative shear displacement at the points where metal cleaned of oxide comes into contact; this is influenced by surface roughness. The different weldability of differ ent metals is attributed to differences in stacking fault energy, hardness ratio and plastic properties of the ox ide. The weld strength calculated theoretically on the basis of measured welded area was in agreement with measured fracture strength. It was concluded that the strength attained after a given deformation is deter mined by the fractional welded area at that deformation. review. Details are presented on protective atmospheres, heating methods and equipment, and brazing proce dures and filler metals for the high-temperature brazing of stainless steels, nickel base alloys, superalloys, and reactive and refractory metals. Also included are an extensive list of references and a bibliography. This report is a summary of data obtained by the PVRC Task Group on Under clad Cracking from the open technical literature and privately sponsored re search programs on the topic of underclad cracking, that is, cracking underneath weld cladding in pressure-vessel components. The purpose of the review was to determine what factors contribute to this condition, and to outline means by which it could be either alleviated or eliminated. In the course of the review, a substantial data bank was created on the manufacture, heat treatment, and clad ding of heavy-section pressure-vessel steels for nuclear service. report This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Energy Research and Development Administration, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.


—In the world, lung cancer is the third most dreadful cancer. Thus, detection of lung cancer cells at early stage is a challenge. The symptoms of lung cancer do not appear in earlier stages which causes high death rates when compared with other types of cancer. In lung cancer detection, image processing algorithms have shown great performance in various high-end tasks. In this paper, different classification methodologies used for the prediction of lung cancer in its early stage are explained. Machine learning techniques are used to identify whether lung tumors are malignant or benign. Machine learning approaches such as: Convolutional neural network (CNN), Support vector machine (SVM), Artificial neural network (ANN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Entropy degradation method (EDM) and Random Forest (RF) are discussed in detail and their performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. In this analysis, CNN approach using small dataset shows best result with 96% accuracy compared to other methodologies and EDM shows the worst accuracy of 77.8%.


Review(s) of: Contemporary perspectives on human rights law in Australia, by Paula Gerber and Melissa Castan (eds), Thomson Reuters, 2012, $93.00 (paperback).


There appears to be a substantial difference between the attitudes of professors of marketing and marketing research and those of practitioners on the kind of training necessary to prepare students for careers in marketing research. Recent research shows that many professors still have the same attitudes found in a 1957 study by the subcommittee on the teaching of marketing research of the American Marketing Association. In the meantime, marketing research has taken on new dimensions that require an even broader background in the social sciences.


An analysis of ground water recharge in 32 small research watersheds shows the average flow of ground water out of the watershed (deep seepage) is 45% of streamflow and ranges from 8 to 350 mm/year when apportioned over the watershed area. It is time to meld ground water and small watershed science. The use of well networks and the evaluation of ground water well hydrographs or the use of ground water models to estimate deep seepage from small research basins is highly recommended. Future investigators are now armed with better tools necessary to estimate all the water and nutrients and have no need to quietly assume deep seepage is zero.


The present study reports on the construction and validation of a new assessment instrument for self-conscious emotions in the work context, namely the Self-Conscious Emotions at Work Scale (SCEWS). In eight typical self-conscious work scenarios respondents have to indicate their emotional reaction in terms of 20 appraisals, subjective experiences, and action tendencies that are relevant and representative for the domain of self-conscious emotions. In total 512 students and 467 working adults completed the SCEWS and reported the frequency of positive emotions, anger, anxiety and sadness. In both samples a three-factorial structure emerged with a guilt, a shame/humiliation, and an anger in self-conscious situations factor. These three self-conscious emotion factors correlated differentially and in a predicted way with the frequency of emotions. Guilt-proneness was predicted to be psychologically constructive and correlated to the frequency of positive emotions. The proneness to shame/humiliation was expected to relate to internalising psychopathological tendencies, and positively correlated to a frequency of anxiety and sadness. Proneness to anger in self-conscious situations was expected to relate to externalising psychopathological tendencies and correlated with the frequency of anger in general. The present study demonstrates that self-conscious emotions can be validly measured in the work context. The new instrument allows for the systematic study of the role of self-conscious emotions in work and organisational behaviour.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the employees have experienced the reregulation of the pharmacy market, and how the changes have affected them. The essay deals with reregulation by critically examining the foremost prominent impact on the workers, how they were handled and what the motivation factors that formed the basis during the change. The underlying reason for why I have chosen to study how the employees experienced the reregulation of the pharmacy market, is because the research on how employees are affected by deregulation, reregulation and liberalization of markets has not yet been explored in Sweden. The empirical material that is based on the study is collected from two pharmacy companies in Varmland, where the interviewed respondents worked and are still working in the pharmacy companies that have been bought by new owners. The selection of respondents was made by telephone contact and requests for staff that would be willing to do an interview. The material is then analyzed through theories related to the fields of change management, motivation, and psychosocial work environment. The results and conclusions of the study show that the pharmacy market reregulation contributed to the impact on employees regarding increased demands at work, stress, and some concern about increased competition in the labour market on how job security will be affected in the future. The change was also felt to contribute to enhanced opportunities for further development of work, increased responsibility and powers of new challenges, which is considered uplifting. To manage the change process, the social dimension in combination with appreciation, has been the underlying basis for continued motivation with the changes.


Old Civil Code does not distinguish between termination of marriage and its dissolution by divorce, stating that divorce occurs by death of a spouse, death or judicial declaration of divorce. Family Code introduced aceasră distinction is maintained under current regulation, so that the termination of marriage is a different case of its dissolution, which can be achieved through divorce. Divorce can be extrajudicially (administrative or notary) or judicial.