The paper presents the effects made by a fossil diesel–HRD (Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel) fuel blend containing Ethanol (E) or Biodiesel (B) on the combustion process, Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ITE), smoke, and pollutant emissions when running a turbocharged Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine under medium (50% of full load), intermediate (80% of full load), and full (100%) loads at maximum torque speed of 2000 rpm. These loads correspond to the respective Indicated Mean Effective Pressures (IMEP) of 0.75, 1.20, and 1.50 MPa, developed for the most common operation of a Diesel engine. The fuel-oxygen mass content was identically increased within the same range of 0 (E0/B0), 0.91 (E1/B1), 1.81 (E2/B2), 2.71 (E3/B3), 3.61 (E4/B4), and 4.52 wt% (E5/B5) in both E and B fuel groups. Nevertheless, these fuels still possessed the same blended cetane number value of 55.5 to extract as many scientific facts as possible about the widely differing effects caused by ethanol or biodiesel properties on the operational parameters of an engine. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the effects made by the combustion of the newly designed fuels with the same fuel-oxygen mass contents of various origins on the engine operational parameters were conducted comparing data between themselves and with the respective values measured with the reference ('baseline'), oxygen-free fuel blend E0/B0 and a straight diesel to reveal the existing developing trends. The study results showed the positive influence of fuel-oxygen on the combustion process, but the fuel oxygen enrichment rate should be neither too high nor too low, but just enough to achieve complete diffusion burning and low emissions. The Maximum Heat Release Rate (HRRmax) was 3.2% (E4) or 3.6% (B3) higher and the peak in-cylinder pressure was 4.3% (E3) or 1.1% (B5) higher than the respective values the combustion of the reference fuel E0/B0 develops under full load operation. Due to the fuel-oxygen, the combustion process ended by 7.3° (E4) or 1.5° crank angle degrees (CADs) (B4) earlier in an engine cycle, the COV of IMEP decreased to as low as 1.25%, the engine efficiency (ITE) increased by 3.1% (E4) or decreased by 2.7% (B3), while NOx emissions were 21.1% (E3) or 7.3% (B4) higher for both oxygenated fuels. Smoke and CO emissions took advantage of fuel-oxygen to be 2.9 times (E4) or 32.0% (B4) lower and 4.0 (E3) or 1.8 times (B5) lower, respectively, while THC emissions were 1.5 times (E4) lower or, on the contrary, 7.7% (B4) higher than the respective values the combustion of the fuel E0/B0 produces under full load operation. It was found that the fuel composition related properties greatly affect the end of combustion, exhaust smoke, and pollutant emissions when the other key factors such as the blended cetane number and the fuel-oxygen enrichment rates are the same in both fuel groups for any engine load developed at a constant (2000 rpm) speed.


In 2019, Spain had the third highest number of asylum applications in the Europen Union, after Germany and France. The number of asylum applications grew from 31,120 in 2017 to 55,668 in 2018 and 118,264 in 2019. Following this exponential increase, the number of accommodation places in the state reception system has risen almost proportionally. In this changing context, this article seeks to explain the regulation of asylum accommodation in Spain. Following critical refugee studies in the Global North and the Global South, we argue that the Spanish asylum reception system is characterized by a hybrid model that imposes forms of discipline and neglect. By using a mixed-methods approach combining document analysis of secondary data, in-depth interviews with both stakeholders and asylum seekers, and an exploratory survey to 301 asylum seekers, we analyse the implications of this hybrid model in terms of asylum seekers trajectories and eventual inclusion.


Image method is proposed to calculate the two-dimensional temperature distribution of LDMOS.The vertical temperature distribution is first computed for a finger accounting for the adiabatic boundary condition at the surface and the continuity conditions at the interface between two layers.For a multi-finger device,the lateral temperature distribution is further obtained with superposition principle.Calculation results based on MATLAB show that image method provides a convenient and efficient approach which can be used to compute the temperature gradient distribution more accurately.Its calculation results can be used to develop an accurate thermal model.


Visibility of multivilament with the white, red, yellow and blue color wasobserved in the waters by underwater digital camera (Canon G11). Themultifilament 10 mm in diameter was tied at wire frame (1 x 1 m). The wire framewas shot in 1-5 meter water depth with the distance 0.5-2 meter by underwaterdigital camera. The underwater photograph result show that the visibility distancesof red and blue multifilament was 1 meter. However, the visibility distance ofwhite and yellow multifilament was 1.5 meters. Furthermore, the effect ofenvironment factors on the visibility distance of multifilament and monofilamentwere discussed in this paper. Keywords : Color, fishing gear, multifilament, visibility


Important applications of dielectric films used in modern integrated circuit technology include dielectric insulation, surface passivation, diffusion masking, radiation resistance, and hermetic seal. These many functional applications pose stringent requirements on the various properties of the insulating films and the methods used for their preparation. To date silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) has been used almost exclusively because of 1) its ease of preparation, 2) its well-understood properties, and 3) its generally good compatibility and satisfactory interface with silicon. There are, however, drawbacks to the use of SiO 2 and other materials have been sought for better performance, greater versatility, higher reliability, and lower cost. These include binary metal oxides and silicon nitride. The state of the art of thin film dielectric materials for microelectronics is reviewed in this paper. The role of thin film dielectrics for devices is presented, and new and known materials are discussed for potential applications.


The quantitative determination of acetochlor and oxyfluorfen by HPLC with Hypersil C18 column at 235nm was described.The mobile phase was acetonitrile+water(78+22).The results showed that the standard deviation was 0.0019% and 0.0017%,the coefficient of variation was 0.81% and 1.06%,and the recovery was 99.83%~101.68% and 97.27%~100.49%.


ABSTRACT Agroecology potentially offers a sustainable path to agricultural development as it integrates ecological principles and social and economic concerns into agri-food systems. While many descriptive studies have documented the experience of farming communities using agroecological approaches, evidence on social and economic indicators of agroecology is poorly documented in a quantitative sense. The present study aims to build a framework and provide a quantitative overview of the effects of adopting selected agroecological practices at the farm level. A literature review has been conducted in order to identify scientific work addressing the contribution of agroecology to a set of socio-economic indicators, which affect human, financial and social assets. Data extracted from 17 peer-reviewed papers were analysed using two techniques: vote counting and general linear mixed-effects models on effect sizes. We found preliminary evidence of agroecology's positive contribution to improving financial capital. However, data extracted does not provide meaningful information on other capital endowments (human and social). This is mainly due to the fact that there is a lack of data concerning the socio-economic impact of agroecology. In addition, qualitative methods (e.g. Q-methodology) should be integrated into further research in order to capture farmer perspectives.


Relatively few studies have been undertaken to correlate biochemical variables with psychological measurements. The present study aimed to delineate the relationship between iron status and psychoaffective behavior in active and healthy women taking or not taking oral contraceptives (OCs). The MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) was used to assess the psychoaffective status. Although dietary iron intake in both groups was adequate, serum ferritin used as a marker for body iron stores was marginal, indicating a high prevalence of deficient iron reserves among subjects. The serum iron concentration was significantly higher in OC users than control subjects (p<0–001). The correlation analysis showed an inverse relationship (but not significant) between psychometric data and iron status, that is, a lower performance on some clinical scales (particularly those used to detect symptoms such as irritability, aggressiv-ity and anxiety) in subjects having lower serum iron and ferritin concentrations....


— This study aims to determine the relationship between aqidah (religious belief) and psychological well-being of Muslim students. The sample in this study are 209 Muslim students in Yogyakarta by quota sampling technic. The method of data collection in this study used aqidah scale and scale of psychological well-being. Data analysis was done by Spearman rho. Correlation coefficient (rxy) = 0,277, p < 0,001 thus the null hypothesis is disputed. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant positive relationship between aqidah and psychological well-being of Muslim students. The effective contribution of aqidah to psychological well-being is 8,1%.


The permeability of rock samples from Sulige gasfield was tested at various overburden pressure.The deformation characteristics of low-permeability rock samples in overburden pressure experiments were discussed.Based on experimental and theoretical studies,the well deliverability equation in which rock stress sensitivity had been taken into consideration was established.Combined with the actual reservoirs in Sulige gasfield,the effect of rock stress sensitivity on well deliverability has been evaluated.


This study was performed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of pine needle extract oil against type 2 diabetes. Six-week-old male C57BL/Ks (db/db) mice were divided into four groups; negative control, pine needle extract oil low dose, high dose and positive control groups, which fed daily for 6 weeks with corn oil, pine needle extract oil 112.5 ㎎/㎏, 450 ㎎/㎏ or metformin (150 ㎎/㎏), respectively. The oral administration of the pine needle extract oil resulted in the significant and dose?dependent decreases of blood glucose levels in comparison with corn oil treatment. The levels of HbA1c showed a tendency of the decrease by the high dose treatment of the pine needle extract oil and were positively correlated with blood glucose levels (r=0.5046, p=0.0023). However, the levels of serum insulin and C?peptide were not affected by pine needle extract oil or metformin treatments. The levels of serum leptin, which is related with the insulin sensitivity, showed a tendency of the increases by pine needle extract oil treatment and were negatively correlated to blood glucose levels (r=-0.4754, p=0.0052). In conclusion, these results suggest that the pine needle extract oil have a potential for the oral anti?hyperglycemic agent and the mode of action may be related with the improvement of the insulin sensitivity through blood leptin.


Optic cup segmentation is a very important step in glaucoma detection, where untreated glaucoma leads to irreversible optic nerve head (ONH) damage and loss of vision. Thus, it is the second cause of blindness around the world. In this paper, manual thresholding level technique in optic cup segmentation is applied, evaluated, and compared with other segmentation techniques. The optic cup segmented by thresholding level 240 from the optic disc partas a region of interest (ROI), after vessel removal by the morphological operation to improve segmentation process, filtering, contrast equalization and finally boundary smoothed by dilating and eroding operation and border clearing. The algorithm was evaluated on DRISHTI-GS database, which has anoptic cup segmentation ground truth. The proposed cup segmentation method evaluate by 3 parameters, which are Dice coefficient (DSC), Jaccard coefficient and structural similarity (SSIM) and achieved best Dice coefficient 73%, Jaccard coefficient 60%, and structural similarity 93%. Because the human visual system is good at perceiving structure, the SSIM quality metric agrees more closely with the subjective quality score, therefore, the obtained results so near to the ophthalmologist segmentation judgment. It was concluded that an optic cup (OC) segmentation algorithm via manual thresholding technique is easy, fast, and inexpensive computationally and obtained good segmentation results and would help in early detection of glaucoma by the ophthalmologist.


Based on the existing problems in the present city planning,especially in township planning standard,the paper focuses on theconformity between City Planning Statute and Urban-rural Statute.


Under the strategy of "talent oriented",the construction of innovative teams should be performed to develop team advantage,to improve the level of research and teaching,and to enhance teacher's ability in universities.In this paper,based on the essential characters of innovative team,the main measures of construction are discussed,and the problems that could arise are emphasized too.


BACKGROUND
 The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and all physical distance measures implemented across the world have caused significant stress, anxiety and mental health implications in the general population. Unemployment, working from home and day-to-day changes may lead to a greater risk of poor mental health outcomes.

 OBJECTIVE
 To describe the protocol for a cross-sectional online study that aims to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.

 METHODS
 Individuals from the general population with 18 or more years of age living in Portugal were included. Data was collected between 10 November 2020 and 10 February 2021. An exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling method was applied to recruit participants. An online survey was prepared and shared on social network applications (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Linkedin, and WhatsApp groups) and through e-mail mailing lists for the recruitment of the "seeds".

 RESULTS
 Analysis will be performed in accordance to the different variables and outcomes of interest based on quantitative methods, qualitative methods or mixed-methods, accordingly. As of 10 February 2021, 929 individuals had completed the survey. Results of the survey will be disseminated in national and international scientific journals during 2021-2022.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Our findings will have broad implications for understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Portuguese residents as well as aspects related to informal economy. We also hope to be able to provide insights and guidelines for action to the Portuguese Government. In the end, we expect this protocol to provide a roadmap for other countries and researchers that would like to implement a similar questionnaire considering the related conclusions.


Democracy and Judicial Autonomy: Investigating the Southern African Cases. Understanding Government Choices. Judicial Politics in Theoretical Perspective. Neopatrimonial Politics and the Intimidation of the Courts in Zambia. Patronage, Threats, and the Problem of Judicial Control in Malawi. Party Dominance and Judicial Autonomy in Namibia. Insights from the Southern African Cases.


First
  Nations
  people
  have
  experienced
  dramatic
  life
  changes
  in
  a
  very
  short
  period of
  time.

  The
  process
  of
  change
  was
  not
  a
  conscious
  decision
  made
  by
  First
  Nations
  peoples but
  rather
  the
  result
  of
  successive
  stages
  of
  European
  contact
  and
  formal
  colonization
  by what
  is
  now
  the
  government
  of
  Canada.

  With
  such
  constant
  changes
  and
  the
  history
  of assimilation
  that
  overshadows
  the
  Aboriginal
  population,
  it
  is
  becoming
  difficult
  for
  Elders to
  sustain
  their
  roles
  within
  the
  family
  unit
  and
  in
  their
  community
  as
  a
  whole.

  This
  study provides
  a
  description
  of
  the
  oral
  accounts
  of
  Elders
  living
  in
  two
  remote
  First
  Nations communities
  in
  Northwestern
  Ontario.

  I
  conducted
  three
  summers
  of
  ethnographic research
  that
  involved
  participant
  observation
  of
  local
  cultural
  practices
  and
  12
  semi-‐ structured
  interviews
  from
  2009
  to
  2011.

  Guided
  discussions
  with
  Elders
  about
  their
  lives and
  their
  relationship
  to
  the
  land
  provided
  important
  insight
  into
  local
  cultural
  and personal
  values.

  Three primary themes emerged from the conversations with the Elders about life during the childhood: the intense physicality of life in the past, the connection between health and local foods and the changing role of Elders. Findings suggest that Elders are eager to transmit their knowledge to provide a healthier lifestyle for future generations. In addition, I provide a description of the current living conditions of Elders in both communities. First Nations Elders, who were once crucial to the survival of a band, are now facing the highest degree of vulnerability and are desperately searching for a new identity that gives them purpose. The consistent thread in all the cases was the ongoing struggle Elders have faced trying to reconcile traditional perspectives with the growing dominance of contemporary western lifestyle practices.


Background. Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most significant cause of a large number of neurodegenerative diseases: frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), etc. Several studies have shown the relationship with the neurodegenerative process for full (>40 GGGGCC copies) and intermediate (13–20) repeats expansion. Methylation of the C9orf72 gene can play an important role in the pathogenesis of FTD and ALS, but the mechanism has not been sufficiently studied.The objective is to investigate the status of methylation of the 5'-promotor region of the C9orf72 gene in patients with neurodegenerative disorders having full or intermediate expansion of GGGGCC-repeats.Materials and methods. We investigated the methylation status of the 5'-promoter region of full C9orf72 expansions in FTD/ALS patients (n = 12), of intermediate expansions in Parkinson's disease patients (n = 8) and of non-expanded alleles in healthy controls (n = 8). Methylation status was determined via sequencing of amplified fragments of bisulfite-converted DNA.Results. We identified two cases (sibling) with the hypermethylation of the 5'-promoter region in the full C9orf72 expansions group. Patient A. (65 years old, male) had an atypical ALS presentation: an onset with head tremor, a long duration of ALS symptoms (9 years at this time), and cognitive impairments with a temporal lobes atrophy. The patient's sister had a similar clinical phenotype. There were no cases of the promoter hypermethylation in the intermediate and control groups.Conclusion. This is the first data on the 5'-promoter region C9orf72 gene methylation in Russian population. The frequency of the promoter methylation in this group was 9.1 % that consistent with previous studies in other populations. Atypical clinical presentation may indicate a modifying effect of methylation in this area on the ALS phenotype.


This article quests to emphasize the importance of an early treatment for PCOS in the different sectors of medicine. Concomitantly, he exposed the clinical of the affected patients, in the psychological, endocrine and dermatological scope. Acne, hirsutism, seborrheic dermatitis, androgenic alopecia, acanthosis nigricans and obesity can all be highlighted as main aesthetic changes, all influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In addition, infertility is also an aggravating consequence for depressive conditions. For these manifestations, respectively, isotretinoin, combined contraceptives, changes in lifestyle and metformin should be used to minimize the effects left by the syndrome, and may, or may not, be used in combination, according to the individual need of each patient. In this bibliographic review, we conclude that a previous and multidisciplinary treatment avoids unnecessary drugs and psychological disorders (stress, anxiety, depression and psychotic conditions), resulting from the sequelae left by this disease, when there isn't the timely monitoring.


In present study, the influence of stirring speeds on the prediction of drop size distribution (DSD) of mineral oil–water dispersion in a lab scale stirring tank is numerically simulated with population balance models. DSD of the oil–water dispersion is online measured and compared. It has been found that a fixed dimensionless power number is insufficient to accurately predict the DSD. Instead, the prediction will match the measurement with reduced dimensionless power number at higher stirring speeds, which infers the influence of stirring Reynolds number on dimensionless power number in the near turbulence regime. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this work we have studied, evaluated and proposed different swarm intelligence techniques for mining information from loosely structured medical textual records with no apriori knowledge. In the paper we depict the process of mining a large dataset of ∼50,000–120,000 records × 20 attributes in database tables, originating from the hospital information system (thanks go to the University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic) recording over 10 years. This paper concerns only textual attributes with free text input, that means 613,000 text fields in 16 attributes. Each attribute item contains ∼800–1,500 characters (diagnoses, medications, etc.). The output of this task is a set of ordered/nominal attributes suitable for rule discovery mining and automated processing.


Abstract Drying a soil increased the measured adsorption of phosphate; the drier the soil the larger was the effect. After drying at moderate temperatures, the effects were greatly reduced by re‐moistening the soil for a day before measuring adsorption.


Cerebral palsy(cerebral palsy,CP,hereinafter referred to as cerebral palsy) is a non-progressive central motor disorder,and abnormal postureas is the main manifestation of the clinical syndrome,the progress on the treatment and prevention of cerebral palsy were reviewed and summarized in this paper.


This dissertation is a theoretical and empirical investigation of the ordering of adverbs in the I-domain. Within the generative-minimalist framework, adverbs have traditionally been analysed as adjuncts, adjoined to the syntactic structure in semantically appropriate positions (e.g. Jackendoff 1972). This view has been questioned and argued against by scholars such as Alexiadou (1997) and Cinque (e.g. 1997, 1999). According to the seminal Cinque (1999), sentential adverbs are merged to the structure as a result of feature matching with hierarchically ordered functional heads. As a consequence of the hierarchical order of the functional heads, the adverbs associated with them are also hierarchically ordered. One aim of this dissertation is to investigate whether Cinque's proposal regarding the relative order of adverbs is corroborated by authentic English and Swedish data and by the intuition of native speakers. Secondly, even though Cinque's theory makes no predictions about adverbs that have no features in common with the projections in the I-domain, a further aim of this study is to examine to what extent other types of adverbs (e.g. connective adverbs) can be argued to be hierarchically ordered as well. In other words, this study is partly an attempt at falsifying (or corroborating) Cinque, and partly an independent investigation of the order of English and Swedish adverbs in the I-domain. The following five research questions are addressed: (a) Can English and Swedish adverbs from various semantic adverb classes be ordered relative to each other, and if they can, are the two languages? relative adverb orders congruent?; (b) If the answer to research question (a) turns out to be positive, in the sense that adverbs from English and/or Swedish can actually be ordered relative to each other, what is the relation between these orders and the order proposed by Cinque?; (c) Is it reasonable to assume a universal hierarchy of functional projections in the I-domain?; (d) Is it reasonable to suppose that IP-adverbs occupy the specifier-positions of the above-mentioned functional projections, or is the old adjunction hypothesis more theoretically and empirically adequate, or should some third solution be chosen?; (e) If research question (c) can be answered in the affirmative, is it then possible to create an intuitively appealing, empirically defensible, and theoretically adequate and elegant theory that capitalises on Cinque's empirical findings and theoretical solutions, Thrainsson's (1996) Real Minimalist Principle, and Starke's (2001, 2004) views on X-bar theory, Merge/Move, and the functional sequence? (Less)


In light of the new situation,trade union must develop with the times,fully fulfill the various tasks and further improve themselves.In a socialist market economy,trade union organizations should make efforts to strengthen the leading body,take economic development as the central task and work creatively,and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers.Moreover,it is of vital importance to speak the truth and do solid work.


The New York State Department of Health initiated the development of 6 clinical practice guidelines for children under 3 years of age with those developmental conditions most often seen in the state's Early Intervention Program. Separate guidelines were developed for autism/pervasive developmental disorders, communication disorders, Down syndrome, hearing impairment, motor disorders, and vision impairment. Professionals providing early intervention services are confronted with complex issues regarding service provision. This article focuses upon identification and assessment methods recommended by these 6 guidelines. The guidelines specifically emphasize the importance of routine developmental surveillance where primary healthcare providers use both clinical clues and developmental milestones, as signals for further focused screening and in-depth assessment to detect possible developmental conditions. Given the wide variation in timing for reaching specific milestones seen among typically developing children, the use of developmental milestone tables alone may miss opportunities for early identification, which may result in unnecessary "wait and see" recommendations to parents. The use of disorder-specific clinical clues may offer a more efficient and accurate method of developmental surveillance that facilitates earlier identification of infants and young children with developmental disabilities who may benefit from early intervention services.


Ruth Swailes, school improvement and early years advisor, discusses her experiences designing the International Early Years curriculum for Oxford University Press, and shares her tips and insights to help practitioners develop their own curriculum.


Robust and accurate segmentation of blood vessels is important for treatment and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we introduce a new approach for 3D segmentation of vessels which is formulated as a convex parameter estimation problem and combined with an incremental tracking approach. Parameter values are determined as global optimum of a semidefinite program and admissible shape variations are imposed by convex constraints. The performance of the approach has been evaluated using 3D synthetic images and clinical 3D CTA images of the aorta including pathologies.


Chemokine(C motif) ligand 1(XCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the C chemokine family that is also known as lymphotactin.XCL1 is produced by activated CD8(+) T cells,NK cells,gamma delta T cells and mast cells,and its chemotactic activity seems primarily controlling movement of CD8(+) T cells and NK cells.This work reports the cloning and characterization of the porcine XCL1 cDNA.Porcine XCL1 cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) from porcine thymus mRNA,using in silico cloning strategy based on pig dbEST.The complete open reading frame(ORF) of XCL1 contains 333 bp encoding a deduced 110 aa residues.The amino acid sequence of porcine XCL1 was characterized by Chemokine-C,Chemokine,Chemokine-CC and SCY domains.The putative porcine XCL1 protein shares a higher level of homology with its sheep(81.6% amino acid identity) than with its human(68.4% amino acid identity) counterpart,and is predicted as a secreted protein,with the most likely cleavage site between 21A and 22V of the N-terminus.The gene is composed of three exons,the general structure being observed to be similar to that of the human XCL1 gene.The gene was mapped to chromosome 4(CU468871).The porcine XCL1 gene has 4 putative promoters with possibility of 85%-98%,a stop codon in the upstream of ORF,one Poly-A signal in the downstream of ORF,and basically accords with Kozak rule around the translation start of the ORF.In conclusion,by combining bioinformatics analyses with experimental verification,a novel porcine gene XCL1 was successfully cloned,and verified by a series of theoretical and experimental evidences.


Conducting simulations in the hospital setting has been challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic due to safety restrictions to minimize risk of viral transmission and due to perinatal health care workers, such as nurses, midwives, and obstetricians needed in direct care, with little to no time for educational activities. Our guest columnist, Dr. DiCioccio, a perinatal nursing professional development specialist, covers alternatives to in-person OB simulation that are designed to meet The Joint Commission standards for maternal safety.


Jasmin Hrnjadović1 Anadel Galamić2 Mufid Tokić3 UDK: 519.6:628.1 DOI: 10.14415/konferencijaGFS2019.074 Summary: The water supply system is a planned and meaningfully connected set of facilities and activities aimed at ensuring sufficient quantity of water in the most economical way. Defining the functional dependence of the hydraulic parameters of the water supply system is crucial because it enables the calculation of unknown values based on the appropriate available or measurable values. "Spline" interpolation is one of the methods by which it is possible approximately, but with sufficient accuracy, to define the functional dependence of hydraulic parameters if we have known values at certain characteristic intervals that can be measured or calculated by one of the numerical methods. "Spline" interpolation denotes the method of constructing a function within the range of a discrete set, which approximates the already known points. The result is a function, or set of functions, by which it is possible to calculate the value of an unknown function for any value of the variable at a defined interval. The specific application of this method will be shown on the example in this paper.


We describe the infrared (IR) photometric system for the single channel photometers at ESO, which have been used from 1983 until 1994. In addition to the broadband near infrared (NIR, 1 5 m) photometric system presented in 1991 by Bouchet et al. and Bersanelli et al., we describe a narrow-band NIR photometric system and a mid infrared (MIR, 7 20 m) photometric system. We also extend the set of NIR standard stars by Bouchet et al. towards fainter objects (K'9). The photometric data of the standard stars in these systems were extracted from the complete IR photometric data archive of ESO, covering 10 years. The zeropoints of the NIR photometry are set by assuming that HR 3314 has a V -magnitude of 3.89, and that V K= 0.05, J K= 0.01, H K= 0.01, K L 0 =0.00, K M=0.00. The zeropoints of the MIR photometry are set by assuming that the colours of Hyi (HR 0098) and CenA (HR 5459) are equal to the colours of the Sun. We adopt the absolute calibration of M egessier (1995) for the NIR and we argue that this calibration can be extrapolated to 20 m, using the MIR calibrations by Rieke et al. (1985) and Cohen et al. (1992). The denition of the zeropoints is consistent with the absolute calibration. We obtained accurate (' 0.02 mag.) NIR photometry of about 240 standard stars and MIR photometry of about 40 standard stars (' 0.04 mag). Comparison of our NIR photometric system with other well established systems shows that there are some small colour dependencies and zeropoint osets which are always smaller than about 0.02 mag. except for the L 0 band.


Telecom companies, cable TV providers, computer makers, and even electric utilities have diversified to offer everything from digital camcorders down to compression chip-sets. In fact, well into the next few years the consumer market will be rocked by wave upon wave of products and services with the magic words multimedia and connectivity attached to them. Manufacturers are pushing around huge sums to create markets they believe will come into being, in one form or another. But never before have such divergent, and often mutually exclusive, plans to bring (read sell) technology been introduced simultaneously. Clearly, some sort of device or devices will be needed simply to coordinate the plethora of signals coming into the home. But no one can as yet say what these home "information devices" will be. Nor is there any consensus on the need for one megadevice, despite the melting-pot notion of technology popular today. The author discusses some of the new technology being put forward by manufacturers including digital video zooms, HDTV, and terrestrial digital broadcast using satellites.


For certain Lie subalgebras L of associative algebras Q, we characterize the multi-additive skew-symmetric maps f : Ln → Q, which are covariant under the action of L.


In this paper, we report on a study of brute force attack on CFG passwords. Alphanumeric Passwords are the common and usual mode of authentication for a range of online login. Human proclivities in creating Password draw hackers and enthusiastic Password Crackers to crack down password easily using various techniques, with accessible computing power and available large number of tools. Common attacks on passwords are Brute force attack, Dictionary attack and Hybrid attack. A new method of Alphanumeric Password Authentication for user login is "CFG Password". Context free Grammar Passwords are a class of Alphanumeric Password which differs uniquely from random passwords with certain specifications. CFG passwords are created using the model of the Context Free Grammar. This technique can be used as authentication for web applications. Analysis on CFG Password against Brute force attack is carried out using two open source tools. Comparative analysis has been carried out, based on that suggestions are given to create strong CFG Password for Secured System and where, how it can be used.


Objectives: Low &ggr;-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level is an important marker for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, yet the cutoff level and clinical application is not well defined. This study aimed to evaluate the role of GGT as a screening marker among diverse etiologies of infantile cholestasis. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 256 cholestatic infants admitted to a tertiary referral center between 2000 and 2012. After excluding 121 infants of extrahepatic cholestasis, advanced investigations for 135 infants with intrahepatic cholestasis were performed. The etiologies, outcomes, and correlations with GGT levels were analyzed. Good prognosis was defined as clinical recovery before 1 year of age; poor prognosis as persistent disease, liver transplantation, or death before 1 year. Results: Among 135 patients of intrahepatic cholestasis, >12 different etiologies were found. Neonatal hepatitis (49.6%), progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (21.5%), and neonatal cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (10.4%) were the leading causes. Patients with initial GGT between 75 and 300 U/L had a higher chance of good prognosis (61/74, 82.4%) than those with GGT <75 U/L or >300 U/L (25/61, 41%, P < 0.0001). In the low-GGT group (⩽100U/L), 52.6% (30/57) of the patients have good prognosis; and GGT level ⩽75U/L has a sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of 100%, 43.3%, and 61.4% in predicting poor prognosis. Conclusions: Patients with GGT levels ⩽75 or ≥300 U/L should receive advanced investigations such as genetic/metabolic assays early; otherwise, the amount of diagnostic workup may be limited if no signs of progressive disease.


Among the current adjunctive treatment modalities available for the treatment of chronic wounds, vacuum-assisted closure therapy showed promising results. However, the VAC Therapy system is expensive, requires extensive amounts of product and needs a power source at all times. In this article, the authors introduce and review their experience with simplest modified vacuum assisted closure (smVAC) for treatment of chronic wound. Three patients with chronic wound came to the plastic surgery division at Sardjito hospital in early 2010 and were treated using simplest modified vacuum assisted closure (smVAC). After the wound bed was ready, split thickness skin graft (STSG) were performed to close the wound and smVAC was used to assist the graft placement. All patients underwent successful healing and reported satisfaction with their results. There were no side effects from using this device, such as maceration, necrosis and bleeding. Through the serial cases, the smVAC had shown to serve its function in providing adequate vacuum pressure for wounds. It is an alternative to the original vacuum assisted closure.


We complete the classification of all orientation-reversing PL maps of period 4k (k > 1) on lens spaces. All Z4-actions on the projective 3-space are also classified.


Cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as lipid profile deterioration, become more pronounced after menopause making coronary heart disease a leading cause of death among postmenopausal women. A large proportion of women after menopause gain weight especially in the abdominal region resulting in several metabolic disturbances. Recent evidence also suggests that loss of estrogen function in menopause is associated with the development of a state of hepatic steatosis. Excessive fat accumulation in hepatocytes has been shown to play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and is even considered as a hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome. There is an important need to establish strategies to counteract fat accumulation in adipocyte and liver in postmenopausal women specifically considering the fact that utilization of hormone replacement therapy is now less supported. The four studies of the present thesis have been conducted in an attempt to provide information on the treatment and prevention of estrogen withdrawal-induced fat mass and hepatic steatosis via lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise training) in an ovariectomized (Ovx) rat model of menopause. In the first two studies we focused on fat mass gain and regain following weight loss. In study 1, we showed that food restriction program (FR) decreased (P < 0.01) body mass, intra-abdominal fat pad weight, and liver triacylglycerol (TAG) levels as compared to normally fed Ovx rats. Moreover, resistance training program (RT) was useful in preventing body weight as well as adipose tissue and liver fat regain in Ovx rats, following diet-induced weight loss. Results of study 2 confirmed the efficiency of the FR + RT program in reducing body weight as well as liver and adipocytes fat accretion in Ovx rats. In line with the findings of our first study, continuation of only RT constituted an asset to attenuate body weight and fat mass regain in Ovx rats following a FR + RT weight loss program, although the impact was less than maintaining FR alone. Similar to estrogen supplementation, results of study 3 indicated that endurance exercise training conducted concurrently with the induction of ovariectomy significantly attenuated liver and adipocyte


Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common occupational illnesses in the world. Dental professionals are more prone to injuries and pain in their muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints, which are known as MSDs. Prolonged static postures, repeated actions, workplace designs, poor alignment, genetic predisposition, mental stress, physical conditioning, age, and nonwork activities are all factors that might contribute to musculoskeletal pain (MSP). This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the articles were retrieved from the search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science after fulfilling the eligibility criteria. After screening, a final of ten articles were included in the final analysis. This systematic and meta-analysis follows the PRISMA checklist. Medcalc software was used in order to find the significance of the prevalence of lower back pain, followed by neck pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, and hand and wrist pain in dental practitioners. Significant differences were considered at P < 0.05. A total of ten studies were included, of which six studies met the criteria for the meta-analysis. The prevalence rates of musculoskeletal diseases were high. The lower back was the region most affected (47.753%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.007–50.509), followed by the upper back body region (44.167%, 95% CI: 41.300–47.063%), neck pain (41.633%, 95% CI: 39.066%–44.234%), shoulder pain (33.608%, 95% CI: 31.222%–36.058% and 18.656%), and hand/wrist pain (95% CI: 16.359%–21.128%). Work-related MSP is the major health problem among dental professionals. Working posture of dental professionals is important and has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of work-related MSDs. A proper ergonomic design and posture can reduce the MSP. Therefore, further research is needed on possible ergonomics needed for preventing MSDs.


Inhibitors are employed predominantly for corrosion control in closed systems, as a cost-efficiently alternative to the use of high corrosion-resistant materials. Due to the environmental requirements that are currently imposed on the development of cleaner inhibitors, vegetal tannins, a class of natural, non-toxic, biodegradable organic compounds that can be obtained at reduced cost has been proposed. This review relates recent uses of several vegetal tannins in corrosion protection, particularly as corrosion inhibitors of iron and steel in acidic and near neutral media. Several methods of inhibition efficiency evaluations along with their action mechanisms are discussed. The present review presents some important patents in the development of vegetal tannins in corrosion protection of iron and steel. In many industries, the need to use constructional mate- rials safely, but cost-effectively, is a primary consideration. Frequently, physical requirements can be satisfied easily, but corrosion effects seriously complicate the selection of suitable materials. Generally, increased corrosion-resistance can only be obtained at increased cost. However, the actual material-related costs incurred in a project will depend on the corrosivity of the environment concerned, the required design life, the physical requirements of the material, and the readily available stocks. In some cases, appearance may also dictate the use of a more expensive material. The costs and problems associated with corrosion-resistant materials means that, in many cases, the use of corrosion inhibitors is a prac- tical and economic alternative. Industrial use of corrosion inhibitors is, therefore, now broad based and extensive. Proper surface preparation is the key to obtaining good performance by a surface coating. The major problem in preparing a metal surface is the removal of all mill scale and associated contaminants from the substrate. Common metals and alloys are protected from corrosion principally by painting schemes in applications such as manufacturing, structure protection, and automobile fabrications. Paint life depends on various factors such as the metallic substrate, the selected painting scheme and the paint-substrate interphase. In automobile and manufacturing industries, where plain steel generally is painted, a wash primer coat is typically used to increase the adherence and to improve the anti- corrosive quality of painting films. These primers, known as reaction primers are formulated basically with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and zinc chromate (ZnCrO4) in alcohol medium, where polyvinyl butyral participates as a ligand of the reaction product.


ABSTRACT A convenient, rapid and accurate chromatographic method was developed for authentication and quality control of commercial product Flos Arnicae. Chromatography (HPTLC or TLC) was performed on silica gel 60 F 254 (Merck) plates with toluene–dioxane –acetic acid (95:25:4) as mobile phase. Compounds were visualized by spraying with 'Naturstoffreagenz A' reagent. Detection was performed at λ=366 nm. Eight flavonoid aglycones were detected of the exudates of Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis by co-chromatography with authentic markers. Differences in the fluorescence emission were observed in flavonoid profiles between A. montana and A. chamissonis under mentioned above conditions of analysis. Flavonoid profile of Arnica montana is presented by flavonoids with brown fluorescence while the flavonoid profile of Arnica chamissonis is composed of flavonoids with yellow-green fluorescence. These visually noted differences of the flavonoid profiles of the both species allow they to be quickly distinguished. The proposed method could be used for quality control of identity and purity of commercial product Flos Arnicae. © 2013 Elixir All rights reserved.


Infertility is a prevalent disease that causes mental and financial distress for those who suffer from it. For Californians affected by infertility, treatment access is limited by high out-of-pocket costs, as the State does not currently require health insurance plans to cover the cost of fertility services. However, California is currently considering a bill (SB 729) to mandate coverage of fertility care in the large-group insurance market. We recommend the State Assembly pass SB 729 as written to increase the availability of fertility treatments in a politically and economically feasible way. Additionally, we recommend the State amend informed consent procedures to better relay the fertility care options available to patients. Individually and jointly, these measures will alleviate the financial burden of fertility healthcare on California families.


We investigate semileptonic form factors of $D_{(s)}$ meson from a modified soft-wall 4-flavor holographic model. The model successfully reproduces the masses and decay constants of various mesons, including $\rho$, $K^*$, $D^*$, $D_s^*$, $a_1$, $K_1$, $f_1$, $D_1$,$D_{s1}$, $\pi$, $K$, $\eta$, $D$, and $D_s$. Moreover, we study the semileptonic decay processes $D^{+} \to (\pi, K, \eta) l^{+} \nu_{l}$ and $D_{s}^{+} \to ( K, \eta) l^{+} \nu_{l}$, associated with the vector meson exchange, as well as $D_{(s)}^{+} \to K^{} l^{+} \nu_{l}$, associated with the vector and axial vector meson exchange. The form factors $f_{+}(q^{2})$ for $D \to\pi$ and $D_{(s)}\to K$ decays agree excellently with experimental and lattice data, outperforming other theoretical approaches. The $f_{+}(q^{2})$ form factor for $D^{+} \to \eta $ is compatible with experimental data, while a slight discrepancy is observed for $D_{s}^{+} \to \eta $ at large $q^{2}$. Additionally, we predict the vector form factors $V(q^{2})$ and $A_{1}(q^{2})$ for $D \to K^{}$ and $D_{s} \to K^{}$ decays, respectively. The results agree well with other approaches and lattice data at maximum recoil ($q^{2}=0$).


The burden of disease caused by cancer presents significant challenges to individuals, families, and society. According to the National Statistics Office, the average mortality rate from cancer was 142.8 people per 100,000 in 2011. Cancer was the leading cause (Statistics Korea and Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, 2012). Cancer is the most crucial factor threatening public health. The socioeconomic burden caused by cancer continues to increase (Jung, 2008). The burden from increased incidence of cancer and cancer-related mortality are also increasing (National Cancer Institute, 2013) due to aging of the population (Statistics Korea, 2013a), changes in eating habits (Hong et al., 2011), environmental changes (Kim et al., 2006), high smoking rate (Statistics Korea, 2013b), and reduced physical activity (Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). As the cancer burden grows, there are two reasons that measuring the burden according to specific cancer site is important. The first reason is that measuring burden of specific cancer sites can differentiate fatal and nonfatal cancers. The second reason is that policy makers can seek strategies to prioritize cancers, which may help to more efficiently reduce the cancer burden.


The concept of delay differential equations is discussed briefly along with where it was encountered first. We will investigate linear delay differential equations by studying the solutions of the characteristic equations. This will be done by writing the solutions in terms of exponential functions and hence obtaining a transcendental characteristic equation. Stability of the characteristic equation is established by evaluating eigenvalues, where those with positive real parts indicate unstable solutions. A numerical approach based on complex analysis is taken to judge the stability. We will then extend our investigation to second order delay differential equations where the stability boundaries undergo bifurcations.


*19.5 *19.6 *19.7 19.8 NONLINEAR OPTICAL MEDIA SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICS A. Second-Harmonic Generation and Rectification B. The Electra-Optic Effect C. Three-Wave Mixing THIRD-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICS A. Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Phase Modulation B. Four-Wave Mixing C. Optical Phase Conjugation COUPLED-WAVE THEORY OF THREE-WAVE MIXING A. Second-Harmonic Generation B. Frequency Conversion C. Parametric Amplification and Oscillation COUPLED-WAVE THEORY OF FOUR-WAVE MIXING ANISOTROPIC NONLINEAR MEDIA DISPERSIVE NONLINEAR MEDIA OPTICAL SOLITONS


approach. There is an urgent need of validated biomarkers to predict risk of progression, guiding different treatments options. Recently, Proteomics has allowed identify glomerular kidney disease (GKD)-related markers in blood and urine. Also, C4d has been identify as an independent poor-prognostic factor for renal survival in IgAN patients. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical and prognostic characteristic of patients with C4d staining in a cohort with IgAN and its relation with peptides profiles in blood and urine.


The proposed geometric container model for a new way to deliver a fire extinguishing agent into a fire zone located at a considerable distance. The shipping idea is based on a mechanical process of throwing. For this, the substance (for example, the fire extinguishing powder) is placed in a solid shell a special container. After delivery to the place of fire, the container should be collapsed and released a substance that will assist when steaming a fire. In the known method of remote delivery of the fire extinguishing agent, a pneumatic gun with a cylindrical container is used. In the process of delivery, the cylinder should rotate around its axis to ensure the stability of the movement. At the same time, the difficulty of regulating the distribution of compressed air flows in the dule of cannons. In a new delivery method, a container is used, which consists of two spherical tanks connected by a rod (like dumbbells). The initiation of the rotational and progressive movement dumbbells is carried out by simultaneously exposure to explosive pulses aimed at each cargo in advance. The proposed method of remote delivery of a fire extinguishing agent, packed into the shell of a dumbbell-like form, requires studies of the design of the elements of the dumbbells. It is necessary to combine solutions of several tasks with contradictory conditions. First, the design of the dumbbells should be strong and withstand the starting force created by explosive pulses of sickness. Secondly, the design should provide its instant destruction after delivery to the fire zone. And, thirdly, the design of the dumbbells should provide a convenient technology of filling the containers with fire extinguishes. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use one of the multifaceted bodies of Archimedes. The possibility of separate delivery of two fire extinguishing substances due to the presence of two spherical tanks dumbbells allows you to develop a new fire extinguishing technology. It is based on the fact that in order to increase the effect of quenching, some chemicals should be combined and mixed directly in the fire zone.


For young persons with disabilities it is important to be as everyone else and not deviating from the normative in an unwanted way. Assistive devices are products that persons with disabilities can use to get accessibility to our society. Such products enable the person to participate in activities he or she wishes to take part in. However assistive devices are also a sign for disability, indicating that a user of such a product is different from others. As a consequence persons with disabilities sometimes avoid using their assistive devices in public. There are many reasons why. However, one reason which is addressed in this thesis is that the identity of the product is in conflict with the user's desired self-image. This may be due to the fact that a user of an assistive device has not voluntarily chosen the product. Even though the person does not like the appearance of the product, he or she must use it in order to take part in society on equal terms. In this thesis, I have described how young adult users with disabilities emotionally experience their assistive devices. This thesis also explores how users handle the situation of being forced to use an involuntarily chosen product which they do not like. Finally, the thesis describes how design may contribute to solve conflicts between the identity of an unwanted product and the desired identity of the user.

In order to understand how young persons with disabilities emotionally experience their assistive devices I have carried out in depth interviews with ten young adult users of assistive devices. Furthermore I have carried out a design project employing a participatory design process together with young wheelchair users to create a product based on the understanding of how users experience products in relation to their self-image, experience of meaningfulness and stigmatisation. The results indicate that young adult persons (whom I have interviewed) used three different strategies to handle their emotional conflict of being forced to use a non-voluntarily chosen product which he or she does not like: (1) they endure, feeling they cannot do anything (2) they abandon it, or (3) they redesign the product themselves to meet their personal preferences and values. From these strategies I have created a concept model describing product experiences in relation to the user's self-image, meaningfulness and stigmatisation. The concept model will encourage designers to view assistive devices in a new way, changing his or her approach to design; from regarding them as mainly functional products meeting the user's bodily abilities to regarding assistive devices as part of a person's self-expression meeting his or her desired self-image. Using the concept model to improve the understanding of experience of assistive devices may support the design of new products which are more congruent with user's self-image. In the long run, attitudes and prejudices in society towards persons with disabilities using assistive devices may be improved.


Introduction: Using sparse MRI data acquisition and compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction has been demonstrated to be an effective method to reduce the MRI scan time while maintain reasonable image quality [1]. For volumetric or 3D MRI, as there isn't sparsity in frequency direction, it's normally converted into 2D-CS reconstruction problem for easy implementation. However, due to the nature of the sparsity, the 2D-CS reconstructed images suffer from loss of image detail, especially when phase encoding are not very high (less or equal to 128x128) which represent majority of MRI cases. In this work, we compared the true-3D or Cubic-CS reconstruction with Slice-CS method. The results demonstrated that Cubic-CS method not only reduces the reconstruction time by about a factor of 2, but also greatly improves the image quality. Methods: Head image of a healthy volunteer was acquired with FSE sequence with 26 cm FOV, 128x128x128 matrix, 2500 ms TR, 84 ms TE, on a 3T GEHC MR750 scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin) using a single channel (birdcage) coil. Sparseness of the k-space data were applied in two phase encoding directions for a total reduction of 10x, 5x and 2.5x corresponding to 10%, 20% and 40% of full sampled data respectively. During the process of argmin{ ||Φm-k ||2 + λTV(m)} using Conjugate Gradient method [2] the sparsed k-space data were treated in two methods: (1) data were transferred into a stack of "slices" through the frequency dimension FFT, all variables and operators were in 2D; (2) data and all variables and operators were in 3D cubic format (Fig. 1) for full 3D-CS reconstruction. The CS reconstruction was performed off-line with MatLab script. Result and Discussion: Fig. 2 represents a selected slice from the 3D image set reconstructed with 2D-Slice and 3D-Cubic CS methods. The 3D-Cubic CS reconstructed images shows significantly less loss in details. At the reduction factor R=2.5, the CS reconstructed images are very close to the reference images while the computation time is reduced by about a factor of 2 comparing to slice-CS reconstruction method. It also shows that with 3D-Cubic CS, as the entire data is treated as one unity, the "air-tissue" boundary of the image is well defined (Fig. 3). 3D information helps to maintain the details of the entire subject due to its property of unity. It's also true that 3D non-Cartesian sparse MRI resists better in noise and artifact with 3D-CS method. References: [1] Lustig M et al. MRM 2007 58:11821195; [2] Y.H. Dai & Y. Yuan. Journal of Computational Mathematics, Vol.20, No.6, 2002 Acknowledgement: The author want to thank T. Szekeres and A. Wheatley for acquiring human MR images.


Bell's palsy  disease  is  an acute  idiopathic  peripheral  facial  paralysis  involving  the facial nerve. This disease. This disease is characterized by paralysis and weakness of the facial muscles unilateral with sudden onset and  peak symptoms within a few days.  The etiology  of  this disease  can not be explained  properly. However, some clinical data and immunology shows that the bell's palsy is  thought to be caused by latent Herpes simplex virus tipe 1 (HSV-1) which is  reactivated  at ganglia  geniculatum  so may provoke an autoimmune reaction against peripheral nerve myelin, leading to the demyelination of facial nerve (N.VII). In the acute phase,  examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes was found a significant reduction of  the percentage of peripheral T lymphocytes and an increase in the percentage of B lymphocytes. In this review, we will also discuss steroids and antiviral therapy as a treatment of Bell's palsy is currently.


During the last few years new requirements for herbal medicines have been established. There is a trend to mono preparations containing high amounts of extract per unit dose. The article reviews new developments in extraction, drying of extracts and their formulation into solid dosage forms. In industrial extract production percolation plays an important role. Besides that a combination of extractive comminution and decanters and/or separators is used. Supercritical fluid extraction by carbon dioxide which is well established in the field of hop-, coffee- and spices-extraction is up to now not used in the extraction of herbal drugs due to legal restrictions. Among the drying techniques spray drying and vacuum band drying are the methods of choice. The latter is increasing during the last decade. For the final formulation of a solid dosage form the extract has to be milled and in most cases converted into a granulate. Due to the high hygroscopicity of most of the extracts, and the high amount which has to be incorporated into a single dosage unit this is a real challange for pharmaceutical technology.


This paper examines the impact of regulatory reform on the performance of Indian commercial banks. Using a balanced panel data set covering from the beginning of the deregulation period (1992) to the most recent years (2004) and employing a DEA-based Malmquist index of total factor productivity change, this paper attempts to quantify the magnitude of total factor productivity change and identify its main sources. We also explore whether deregulation has had a different impact on the performance of public, private and foreign banks and whether it affected the risk-taking behaviour of market participants. The empirical results seem to indicate that, after an initial adjustment phase, the Indian banking industry experienced sustained productivity growth, driven mainly by technological progress. Banks' ownership structure seems to have an impact on bank efficiency but does not appear to have an influence on total factor productivity change. Although ownership per se does not seem to matter as much as increased competition, during the deregulation process foreign banks appear to have acted as technological innovators, thereby increasing even further the competitive pressure in the Indian banking market. Finally, our results also indicate an increase in risk-taking behaviour along with the whole deregulation process.


That we gather once again under the joint auspices of the G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) and the BIS's Financial Stability Institute is particularly appropriate. The theme of this event reflects growing recognition of the power and importance of bringing formal financial services to the estimated 2.5 billion adults who have limited or no access to them – and the vital role digital technology plays in making this possible.


belief isthat it isthe highproportion of NO3 – that causes compactness, these formulations also contain no or a low level of phosphate, which can also cause compactness. This study was conducted to assess the relative effects of NO3 – to ammonium (NH4 + ) ratio and phosphate supply, as found in high NO3 – fertilizers, on seedling shoot growth. A series of fertilizerswasformulatedinwhichthelevelofphosphateandproportionofNintheNO3 – form were varied factorially. Additionally, commercial fertilizers varying in these same two nutrient components were tested to verify the results obtained using the formulated fertilizers. Test plants included gomphrena (Gomphrena globosa L.), impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook. F.), petunia (Petunia ·hybrida Juss.), marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), and tomato (Solanum esculentum Mill.) grown as plug seedling crops. A strong inverse relationship occurred between the supply of phosphate and extent of compactness. The relationship between proportion of N in the NO3 – form and compactness was comparatively small. In most comparisons within the study, shoot size increased with increasing proportion of NO3 – , contrary to common belief. These data indicate that it is the limited phosphate level in high NO3 – fertilizers that accounts for compactness rather than the high proportion of N in the NO3 – form.


Spectra-Physics recently introduced the Model 750 SL scanner for use in the European point-of-sale market, to meet the European requirement for a scanner of less than 13 cm height. The model 750 SL uses a higher density computer designed scan pattern with a retrodirective collection system to scan and detect UPC, EAN, and JAN bar codes. The scanner "reads" these bar codes in such a way that the user need not precisely align the bar code symbol with respect to the window in the scanner even at package speeds up to 100 inches per second. By using a unique geometrical arrangement of mirrors, a polygonal mirror assembly, and a custom-designed plastic bifocal lens, a design was developed to meet these requirements. This paper describes the design of this new low cost scanner, the use of computer-aided design in the development of this scanner, and some observations on the future of bar code scanning.


TiN films were deposited by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method using either tetrakisdimethylaminotitanium (TDMAT) or tetrakisdiethylaminotitanium (TDEAT) as the Ti precursor and NH3 as the reactant gas. The TiN films deposited using TDMAT showed two saturated TiN film growth regions which were observed in the temperature ranges between 175 and 190°C and between 200 and 210°C. The TiN films deposited using TDEAT showed a saturated growth rate in the temperature range between 275 and 300°C. The growth rates of the TiN films deposited using either TDMAT or TDEAT were about 5 and 1 Å/cycle, respectively. The TiN films grown by the ALD method showed relatively low carbon content compared to the TiN films deposited by other conventional chemical vapor deposition and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition methods using the same precursors. The resistivity of the TiN films deposited by the ALD method was below 1,000 µΩ·cm. The TiN films deposited using TDEAT showed a lower resistivity than the films deposited using TDMAT. The calculated densities of the TiN films deposited using either TDMAT or TDEAT were about 3.55 and 4.38 g/cm3, respectively. This paper presents a comparison of the characteristics of the TiN films deposited using the two different precursors, TDMAT and TDEAT.


The charge transfer reaction of proline with tetrachlorobenquinone in borax buffer forms a 1∶1 complex with the apparent molar absorptivity of 1.50×10 5L·mol -1 ·cm -1 at 358nm.The calibration curve is linear in the concentration range of 60—400ng·mL -1 .This methoed was applied to the determination of proline with satisfactory results.The recovery is 99.65%—100.2% with the relative standard deviation less than 1.4%.


Background The purpose of this study was to analyze the degree of reliability of the two most widely used classification systems for pediatric ankle fractures. Methods We studied 53 patients (34 boys and 19 girls) with ankle fractures. Two classifications were used. A detailed study was carried out calculating the Cohen's kappa index to measure intraobserver reliability and the kappa value was deduced using the Fleiss method to determine interobserver agreement. Results The intraobserver and interobserver agreement was not significantly different between the different groups of assessors. Conclusions In the pediatric age, different types of fractures and different mechanisms within an isolated fracture can be found. We found that many of these fracture patterns do not fit in any of the two classifications, which are unproductive to guide treatment selection.


Allenediynes have been synthesised by reactions of 1-bromoallenes with butadiynyl(trimethyl)- or butadiynyl(triethyl)-silane, followed by desilylation with methanolic sodium hydroxide. Application of this method to the first synthesis of two natural allenes, (±)-octa-2,3-diene-5,7-diyn-1-ol and (±)-undeca-5,6-diene-8,10-diyn-1-ol, is described.


In Digital Signal Processing, filtering is one of the major task, where the inputs to the filter are floating point numbers. This paper discuss about realization of a digital Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter using high speed, low power floating point arithmetic unit on an Field Programmable Gate Array. High speed is achieved by using a modified normalization unit along with ripple carry adder. A new array multiplier using the concept of carry generation and propagation is used, which reduces the power consumption. The average speed and power requirements of implemented filter are compared with a conventional FIR filter.


Drought stress critically endangers the growth and development of crops. Glutathione S-transferase plays a vital role in response to abiotic stress. However, there are few studies on the role of glutathione S-transferase in maize drought stress. In this study, the significantly downregulated expression of ZmGST26 in roots under drought stress was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Promoter analyses showed that there were several cis-acting elements related to drought stress and that were involved in oxidative response in the promoter region of ZmGST26. Subcellular localization results showed that ZmGST26 was localized in the nucleus. The transgenic lines of the Arabidopsis over-expressing ZmGST26 were more sensitive to drought stress and ABA in seed germination and inhibited ABA-mediated stomatal closure. Under drought stress, phenotypic analyses showed that the germination rate, root length and survival rate of ZmGST26 overexpressing lines were significantly lower than those of wild-type lines. The determination of physiological and biochemical indexes showed that the water loss rate, malondialdehyde, O2− and H2O2 of the overexpression lines significantly increased compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, but the antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD and POD), and proline and chlorophyll contents were significantly reduced. Subsequently, the qRT-PCR analysis of drought stress-related gene expression showed that, under drought stress conditions, the expression levels of DREB2A, RD29A, RD29B and PP2CA genes in ZmGST26 overexpression lines were significantly lower than those in wild-type Arabidopsis. In summary, ZmGST26 reduced the drought resistance of plants by aggravating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis.


Calmodulin exists in plants and animal university,which is a signal transduction molecule. Calmodulin-like proteins were found in skin in recent years,and play an important role in epidermis differentiation,whose loliza-tion, characterization and function were different from calmodulin. This review introduces skin-specific calmodulin-like protein.


We analyse the CP asymmetry of the B → φK S and B → η ′ K S processes in general supersymmetric models. We show that chromomag-netic type of operator may play an important role in accounting for the deviation of the mixing CP asymmetry between B → φK S and B → J/ψK S processes observed by Belle and BABAR experiments. We also show that due to the different parity in the final states of these processes, their supersymmetric contributions from the R-sector have an opposite sign, which naturally explain the large deviation between their asymmetries.


Before the machine age, all woodworking was done with handtools. Even now with machinery available for many woodworking operations, some tasks are more easily and efficiently accomplished with handtools. This book celebrates the great heritage of traditional tools while providing practical information on how to integrate their use in one's everyday woodworking. * workshops, benches & clamps * marking & measuring tools * striking tools * * chisels, gouges & drawknives * planes * scrapers, files & rasps * boring tools * * saws * making & restoring hand tools * buying used hand tools *


Přemysl Otakar II was the first of the Czech Přemyslid kings to turn his attention to Lithuania. Incidentally, Heidenreich Bishop of Chelmno from the Order of the Teutonic Knights stayed at his court; in 1253 he crowned the Lithuanian duke Mindaugas. The king came to the aid of the Teutonic Knights against the Prussians at the turn of 1254/1255 and for the second time in 1267/1268, when the eventual Christianisation of Lithuania also played an important role in his ultimately unsuccessful plans to establish a capital in Olomouc. The knightly King John of Luxembourg marched three times (1329, 1336/1337, 1344/1345) against the Lithuanians together with the Order of the Teutonic Knights and forces from western Europe. Undoubtedly of interest is the letter of Charles IV to Grand Duke Algirdas dated 21 April 1358, when he addressed him as monarcha mundi with an offer of baptism.


Charakteristika sedimentacie kaolinu a bentonitu v koncentrovaných roztokoch The sedimentation characteristics of two clays, namely kaolinite and bentonite, were determinated at high clay (5 % wt/vol) and electrolyte (1 N) concentrations using various inorganic-organic compounds. It was observed that the settling behaviour of kaolinite (1:1 clay) and montmorillonite (2:1 clay) is quite different due to the structural differences between these minerals. Although, similar initial settling rates and final sediment volumes were obtained after 24 hours of settling time for kaolin suspensions, the corresponding rates and volumes for bentonite suspensions varied greatly with the used chemical compound. According to the experimental results, a further intensive theoretical and experimental investigation is needed to reveal the mechanism underlying the sedimentation characteristics of clay minerals at high clay and electrolyte concentrations.


A non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensing was constructed by platinum/bovine serum-reduced graphene (PtNPs/BSA-RGO) nanoconstructure modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The BSA-RGO composite was firstly synthesized using a hydrothermal synthesis method with BSA acted as the reductant and stabilizing reagent. Nanostructure Pt was reduced onto the BSA-RGO composites modified GCE with the formic acid reduction at room temperature. The BSA-RGO composites were characteried by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemistry techniques, and the amperometric method was used to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity towards glucose in neutral media. Under optimal conditions, the PtNPs/BSA-RGO/GCE displays a linear range from 20 μM to 7.5 mM with a sensitivity of 3.62 mA mM -1 cm -2 ( r = 0.9972), and a detection limit of 2.0 Μm ( N / S =3) which lower than many non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors. The modified electrode was applied to the determination of glucose in serum sample showed a satisfactory result, indicating it was promising for the development of a novel non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor.


Abstract Long‐term records of the number of food approaches per 30 min were obtained from rabbits fed ad libitum. In the initial experiments 13 rabbits were alternately kept free‐running in constant illumination at 150–200 lux, or entrained to sawtooth regimes in which illumination at the same level was abruptly switched on at 24‐hr intervals and decreased in a linear way to 0 lux over 24 hours, or was modulated in the opposite direction. Between the two entrained states there were specific differences in shape of the food intake pattern and in its phase relation with the entraining photic transition, suggesting that the rabbit's food intake pattern is determined by two weakly coupled oscillators with widely different sensitivities and types of response to the two transitions within 24‐hr LD alternations. This was confirmed by the results of further experiments, performed with 10 of the original rabbits. These were now exposed to 24‐hr photic schedules that were systematically varied in such a way that ea...


This research dealt with the extent of the effect of color reduction on the sculptural reductionist works. Through the study, the researcher found that one of the most important features of the works of the sculptors is that they use neutral colors (white - black - gray) and basic colors (red - blue - yellow) and in each work does not exceed the colors used. About two colors only in order to maintain the visual balance in the sculptural reductionist work, the researcher presented some models of works for some sculptors.


• Kernel functions The Relative Backbone Position Kernel (RBPK) • Proteins are important macromolecules • they play crucial roles in many biological processes • understanding their behaviour can lead to insights in disease development • Machine learning and data mining • protein data is growing exponentially (mostly primary or 1D structures) • automatic classification of protein function is still an important challenge in bioinformatics • Goal of this work • incorporate 3D protein data in machine learning methods • 3D data may contain useful information for the prediction task • challenges • 3D data may be hard to acquire • machine learning methods need upgrade to the 3D level Machine Learning for Gene Function Prediction Machine Learning Group, DTAI, K.U.Leuven Contact: {leander.schietgat,thomas.fannes,firstname.lastname@example.com


Continuous flow homogeneous alkene metathesis using a supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalyst with CO2 as a transport vector allows the self-metathesis of methyl oleate with only a slight loss of activity for at least 10 h; cross-metathesis of dimethyl maleate with methyl oleate ceases after 3 h, but the catalyst remains active for methyl oleate metathesis. The reasons for this unusual behaviour are explored and a practical system for the cross-metathesis of methyl oleate with dimethyl maleate, under batch conditions, is described.


Combustion phenomenon is one of the most important problems involved in different industries, such as gas turbines, combustion chamber, melting of metals, etc. In this paper, combustion process of methane downstream of an axisymmetric sudden expansion in a circular pipe with a constant wall temperature has been studied. The conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species as well as additional equations due to turbulence modeling have been numerically solved. The standard k-ε model and eddy dissipation combustion model has been used to simulate the turbulence and combustion phenomenon, respectively. Properties of gaseous mixture have been computed using the ideal gas equation of state. The governing equations have been discretized using a finite volume approach and power law scheme and the resulting set of algebraic equations has been solved simultaneously using the SIMPLER algorithm on a non-uniform staggered grid system. The numerical results have been compared with the other's numerical results and experimental data.


This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of service quality and patient satisfaction on X Tuban clinical image. Sampling is done by simple random sampling. The number of samples determined was 92 samples. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The analytical method used to determine the effect of service quality and patient satisfaction on the X Tuban Clinic image is multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Before a regression is carried out, a validity and reliability test is performed for each question. In addition, a normality test and a classic assumption test are performed. The results showed that the quality of service and patient satisfaction simultaneously and individually affected the positive image of the Tuban X Clinic.


Introduction. The methodological heritage of Russian teachers of the past is of interest to the modern theory of pedagogy and educational practice. The purpose of the article is to generalize the methodological views of a prominent scientist of the second half of the XIX – first half of the XX centuries Ivan Stepanovich Mikheev (1876-1940). The relevance of the pedagogical heritage of Mikheev is explained by the correspondence of his methodological views to the attitudes of modern Russian specialists in the field of teaching Russian language and literature among the nonRussian peoples of the Middle Volga region. Materials and methods. The leading research methods are the analysis of scientific literature and the biographical method, as well as historical, regional and axiological (value) methodological approaches. Results. I. S. Mikheev proposed a system of teaching non-Russian peoples to read and write in their native and Russian languages. He suggested starting the development of literacy in the native language of students. After mastering elementary skills, they had to move on to teaching in the Russian language in the so-called "conversational lessons". Mikheev called his teaching approach "the method of whole sentences." For those who speak oral native speech, the main thing is to master written speech, that entails the need for a sufficiently detailed study of grammar. For "nonRussian-born" children, the most urgent task is to master live conversational speech. In conditions when schooling usually lasted no more than two or three years, the task of mastering grammar shouldn′t have been brought to the fore. Discussion. The idea, – teaching an unfamiliar language by the method of whole sentences, – was put forward by Mikheev as a basis of his methodological views. It found further productive development in modern methods of teaching foreign languages. The innovation of Mikheev's approach consisted in the fact that he pointed out the fundamental difference in approaches to teaching Russian to Russian and to non-Russian children. The methodology developed by I. S. Mikheev included at the initial stage the elaboration of the simplest syntactic formations instead of tedious memorization of grammatical forms. Hence pupils acquired the ability to compose simple, but whole sentences in a relatively short time. That′s they were able to express their thoughts in the correct Russian language. Mikheev's approach required completely different methods and textbooks of the Russian language for Russian and for non-Russian schoolchildren. The methodological ideas of Mikheev are still relevant today, and represent a significant value for modern Russian pedagogical science and education. Modern teachers of multiethnic regions of Russia highly appreciate and actively use the heritage of Mikheev. Conclusions. A prominent methodologist, philologist and educator of the non-Russian peoples of the Middle Volga region, Mikheev made a significant contribution to the development of education and methodological science, periodicals and literature. Mikheev's methodological ideas are still relevant today, and are of considerable value for modern Russian pedagogical science and education. Modern teachers of multiethnic regions of Russia highly appreciate and actively use Mikheev's legacy. The theoretical and methodological works of I. S. Mikheev, his children's books and dramatic works include axiological, humanistic content, and to this day have a significant impact on modern methodological thought. That′s why, it deserves the most careful further study.


Simple Summary Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a familiar lethal malignance. Increasing evidence has disclosed that lncRNA is involved in tumorgenesis and progression in various tumor types. However, the current understanding of angiogenesis-related lncRNAs (ARlncRNAs) involved in ESCC remains evasive. We developed and validated a six-DEARlncRNA risk score system among the GSE53624 and GSE53622 set, aiming to identify the novel prognostic targets for ESCC. Our results showed that the six-DEARlncRNA could be used as an effective independent prognostic factor of ESCC. Furthermore, the six-DEARlncRNA biomarkers mainly participated in regulation of the skin and epidermis development, and these processes protected the body from environmental insults and may have been involved in the progression of ESCC. In conclusion, this study showed that the six-DEARlncRNA signature could be used as an independent prognostic factor and may be a valuable target for treatment options in ESCC. Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a lethal gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide. We aimed to identify an angiogenesis-related lncRNAs (ARlncRNAs) signature that could predict the prognosis in ESCC. The GSE53624 and GSE53622 datasets were derived from the GEO database. The differently expressed ARlncRNAs (DEARlncRNAs) were retrieved by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential expression analysis, and correlation analysis. Optimal lncRNA biomarkers were screened from the training set and the six-DEARlncRNA signature comprising AP000696.2, LINC01711, RP11-70C1.3, AP000487.5, AC011997.1, and RP11-225N10.1 could separate patients into high- and low-risk groups with markedly different survival. The validation of the reliability of the risk model was performed by the Kaplan-Meier test, ROC curves, and risk curves in the test set and validation set. Predictive independence analysis indicated that risk score is an independent prognostic biomarker for predicting the prognosis of ESCC patients. Subsequently, a ceRNA regulatory network and functional enrichment analysis were performed. The IC50 test revealed that patients in the high-risk group were resistant to Gefitinib and Lapatinib. Finally, the six DEARlncRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel ARlncRNA signature as an independent prognostic factor to distinguish the risk of ESCC patients and benefit the personalized clinical applications.


Our reader may be surprised by the mere title of this article. Compared with cosmic cataclysms, a human being is a tiny and fragile creature depending from the Sun, which is itself nothing but a star among the uncountable stars, the uncountable galaxies. Man is a prisoner of small box of physical, chemical and biological conditions, a probability joke of cosmic evolution. It is intuitionally clear that human depends on a space breath. Such scientists like K.E. Tsiolkovsky (2001), V.I. Vernadsky (1978), A. Chizhevsky (1995) already spoke about the way, in which space dynamics and especially our mother-star Sun make influence on nature, a human being and social happenings.It seems impossible even to think about the opposite influence. How can a tiny rag of human being, trembling in the wind of cosmic power, change the direction of this wind? How can one ride a storm, if a single blowing makes him/her gone with the wind? However, appealing to world integrity idea, Albert Einstein set a paradoxical question: "How do space processes change in case of being watched by a mouse". Two thousand years before that, Greek philosopher Socrates formulated a genius thesis "understand yourself and you will understand the whole world", postulating the likeness between human microcosm and The Universe macrocosm in that sentence. Today we call it "isomorphism". Pythagoras of Samos, Anaximander of Milet and his follower Anaximenes, Parmenides of Elea and Plato were among philosophers, sharing this idea. It is Hermes Trismegistus, mythological patron of Middle Ages alchemists (his figure combined the features of Ancient Egyptian god of wisdom Thoth and Greek god Hermes), who is believed to make a related saying: "the Inner is similar to the Outer, the Small is similar to the Great". Joining in united choir the "Thrice Great" (Hermes Trismegistus), the alchemists postulated that "which is Below corresponds to that which is Above". The microcosm-macrocosm equality idea appeared either in quite different cultures: for example, in Hinduism, in Vishnasara-Tantra humans equality to nature sounds like "that is Within is equal to that is Beyond". Chinese daoists postulated that processes happening in the Universe are quite the same with the processes happening in the Human. Here a few extracts from the text of Huainanzi ("The Masters/ Philosophers of Huainan"), illustrating that kind of similarity: "Head is round like the Sky, Foot is square like the Earth. Nature has four seasons of time, five basic elements (water, ground, fi re, metal, wood), nine parts (eight cardinal and intercardinal directions and the center), three hundred and sixty five days. Human being either has four limbs, five internal organs, nine holes, three hundred and sixty five joints. Nature produces wind, rain, coldness and heat. Human has abilities of taking, giving, cheering and being angry. Clouds are formed from gall bladder, air is formed from the lungs, wind - from liver, rain - from the kidneys, thunder - from spleen, and heart is the master of all" (Rodzinsky). A.A. Bogdanov supposes the first basic metaphor in the history of cognition was anthropomorphization of nature forces. Relict structures of this basic metaphor, contained by Russian language, are reflected, for example, in attributing to nature forces the agent role (subject), as well as in giving them the grammar gender (a reflection of sex differences).Inner-outer similarity idea can be understood through two ways: 1) the dualistic one, considering the spirit and the body as two independent substances (Christian Wolff , Rene Descartes) and 2) the monistic one, existing in two opposite forms, which are idealistic monism and materialistic monism. Idealistic monism, coming from Plato, interprets the world of objects as "cave shadows", reflecting "the World of pure ideas" (Plato), or as "dream of Shiva / Yahweh" (Hinduism, Judaism), or as "Maya" ("illusion" - a Buddhism term, meaning humans consciousness reflection). …


The invention relates to a novel method for extracting black rice anthocyanins, and especially to improvement for extraction and impurity removal process. The method is characterized in that the method includes steps of (1) preprocessing black rice; (2) extracting and removing impurities by using polar solvent; (3) removing impurities by using ethanol; (4) extracting by using acidified ethanol lixiviate liquid; and (5) employing auxiliary measure. The main improvement of the present invention is that the extraction process includes an impurity-removing process and a purification process, the invention has advantages of short time consuming, low cost, high purity, simple process and convenient operation.


Hyperpolarization offers substantial gains in sensitivity for magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MRI), which are particularly beneficial for providing novel functional information not accessible to conventional MRS and MRI. However, hyperpolarized MR requires tailored pulse sequences because of its unique magnetization behavior, including its decay back to thermal equilibrium, spin exchange, and metabolic conversion of the hyperpolarized magnetization. In addition, rapid delivery of the hyperpolarized media from the polarizer to the subject is key to success. This article begins by describing the unique behavior of hyperpolarized agents and the problems associated with their delivery, focusing on 13C-labeled pyruvate. Efficient RF and acquisition strategies that include variable flip angles, spectral-spatial RF pulses that address problems with chemical shift displacement artifacts, hyperpolarized slice profile distortions, and the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneity are presented. Acquisition strategies covered include MR spectroscopic imaging with phase encoding and time-dependent readout gradient trajectories, model-based methods, metabolite-specific imaging, steady-state free-precession, and ultrafast two-dimensional NMR. The integration of compressed sensing and parallel imaging into hyperpolarized MR for acceleration is also examined.

Keywords:

hyperpolarized pulse sequences;
metabolic imaging;
molecular imaging;
variable flip angles;
spectral-spatial RF pulses;
rapid spectroscopic imaging;
metabolite-specific imaging;
ultrafast 2-D NMR


The diseases diffusely afflicting the small intestine and presenting with malabsorption are numerous and uncommon. The development of several diagnostic modalities in the past 20 years has permitted accurate clinical and pathologic descriptions of many of these entities.A classification has been put forth based on the gross appearance of the mucosal folds and the presence or absence of intestinal dilatation as determined by small bowel roentgen examination.It is proposed that correlation with small bowel biopsy, clinical findings and simple laboratory methods usually indicates a definitive diagnosis.Data processing and computer analysis should be the next step in the application of this classification.


The characteristics of external circulation system for electrolyzers of UhdeNora BM 2.7 type are introduced.The countermeasures against the problems occurred in the process of installation and production are given with practical examples according to the process operation conditions.


In situ X-ray diffraction monitoring of crystallization from solution is often hampered by a combination of the rather low levels of crystallized solid (typically 5 to 20 wt %) and the large background scattering that arises from the solution phase. In this work, we have attempted to overcome these limitations, first, by using high intensity dispersive X-rays available at the Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, UK, and second by designing a novel batch classifying crystallizer. This crystallizer was designed to maximize the weight fraction of solid presented to the probe beam. In this configuration, solution crystallizations generating between 2 and 30 wt % of solids were monitored successfully. Three preliminary studies describe the application of this equipment to the simple real time monitoring of a crystallization event, the interconversion of two polymorphic crystalline forms, and the orientation of crystals in the fluid flow of the crystallizer.