The invention provides sugar-free type anti-cold and antidotal granule. The preparation method of the granule comprises the following steps of: preparing the active materials of the traditional Chinese medicine by combining the water distilling method with the organic solvent reflowing and extracting method and the water decocting method; removing the sucrose which is used for preparing the granule; and adding the auxiliary materials to relieve the bitter of the traditional Chinese medicine, and be comfortable in mouth feel and remarkable in curative effect. The invention overcomes the problems that active constituents of some traditional Chinese medicines are decomposed, the absorption of some traditional Chinese medicines is interfered, and the final curative effect of the traditional Chinese medicine is influenced since the traditional granule Chinese medicine preparation takes the sucrose as the flavoring agent, and can meet the requirement of the various crowds to take the medical preparation for curing the viral cold. The invention is particularly used for the patients to take the medical preparation for curing the viral cold such as the patients who suffer form the diabetes, the hyperglycemia, the hypertension, the adiposis and the like, leads the patients not to be worry about the side effects, and can preferably meet the requirement of the patients.


This article describes the planning involved in a twenty-four hour continuous concrete pour to create a land bridge across a bypass in Kent, south-east England. The date of the pour was set back to accommodate the possibility of England playing in an international football match: in the event this added to technical difficulties as the new day was very wet. The concrete mix had been changed to take into account the slow concrete delivery in possible high temperatures: a secondary dose of plasticiser was added to enable delayed setting. An exposed aggregate finish was achieved by gritblasting, and tree planting will be carried out. Continuous flight auger piling was used for the abutments and wing walls.


Abstract This paper proposes a new application of the tracking simulator relevant to future plant operation. The tracking simulation technique will enable matching of physical and virtual worlds. The simulator receives sensor data from the plant and the model parameters in the simulator are constantly adjusted to match the actual plant behavior. Model parameter estimation is one application of the tracking simulator. Here, the tracking simulator showed good simulation accuracy with model parameters to estimate the functions of its related variables. A fuel cell simulator was used for model parameter estimation in this study.


and choroid, due to the action of micro-organisms or their toxins, there is an overgrowth of the pigment epithelium and a migration of masses of these cells of various sizes into the retina. But the outgrowth of a pigment process of considerable length, which carries before it the layers of the retina into the middle of that structure, seems new. Furthermore, in this case, there is no evidence of an infection with micro-organisms, and the choroid is unaffected, except for a slight degree of colloid degeneration of the membrane of Bruch-of the inner or cuticular lamella of the lamina vitrea. The fact that, in retinal detachment, the separation takes place between the retina and the pigment epithelium layer, would seem to discount the remote possibility that this microscopic appearance resulted from an extreme dimpling of the retina with its pigment epithelium from without, on restoration to its position against the choroid. Summary. Macroscopic examination reveals no trace of retinal detachment in either eye. Microscopic examination discloses no retinal detachment in either, but shows a slight amount of exudate in Henle's layer in the left eye, and also a peculiar localized pigment proliferation in the same locality of the retina.


It is the individual reader's freedom to interpret a text according to his own outlook on the world that makes the study of literature such an exciting and liberating experience. This paper will look at some of the issues and ways in which literature can be exploited in the classroom and focus on the use of short stories as alternative materials that can encourage learners in a variety of classroom activities: from vocabulary enrichment to communicative abilities. Categories that encourage learners to develop the powers to interpret the texts are plot and suspense; characters and relationships; major themes; methods writer uses to communicate his attitudes; and reader's response. Short stories can also lend themselves to intercultural values comparisons. Finally, it is expected that this paper can offer insights to other language teachers who are in similar settings.


Model heat-induced gels were prepared. Compared with the broiler myofibrillar protein (BMP), interactions between porcine plasma protein (PPP) and spent-hen myofibrillar protein (SHMP) were evaluated using rheology, textural analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gel hardness of SHMP was higher than that of BMP. PPP had the highest stickiness and immobilized water fraction of all the gels. The plasma and broiler myofibrillar mixed proteins had a storage modulus similar to that of BMP. After mixing SHMP or BMP with PPP, immobilized water fraction was increased by 5.59% or 50.57%, respectively, and the water-holding capacity (WHC) of the latter significantly increased. Addition of PPP transformed SHMP heat-induced gel to a uniform interconnected network. Introducing PPP can improve the WHC and microstructure of SHMP and BMP gels.

Practical Applications

Spent-hen meat is an underutilized raw material which could be used for mince or imitation products. However, there lies diversity on heat-induced gel properties among different researches. As incorporation of spent-hen breast surimi into analog food can bring worse quality, such as increases of cooking losses and decreases of water-holding capacity, it is the valuable trying to improve quality through protein interaction. This research could be useful to the modification of mince or imitation products with spent-hen meat, and to the manipulation of texture and water-holding capacity of meat products with plasma protein.


We give the Fock representation of a noncommutative $\mathbb{C}P^N$ and gauge theories on it. The Fock representation is constructed based on star products given by deformation quantization with separation of variables and operators which act on states in the Fock space are explicitly described by functions of inhomogeneous coordinates on ${\mathbb C}P^N$. Using the Fock representation, we are able to discuss the positivity of Yang-Mills type actions and the minimal action principle. Other types of actions including the Chern-Simons term are also investigated. BPS-like equations on noncommutative $\mathbb{C}P^1$ and $\mathbb{C}P^2$ are derived from these actions. There are analogies between BPS-like equations on $\mathbb{C}P^1$ and monopole equations on ${\mathbb R}^3$, and BPS-like equations on $\mathbb{C}P^2$ and instanton equations on ${\mathbb R}^8$. We discuss solutions of these BPS-like equations.


Initial coprocessing studies, performed to provide a basis for larger scale tests of coprocessing options using batch one-liter autoclave and continuous hydrotreater facilities at PETC, are described. Areas investigated included the response of coal and petroleum resid combinations to processing under thermal hydrotreatment conditions, the means of increasing the conversion of coal, and the nature of resid demetalation effects. The petroleum resids possessed rather low donable-hydrogen capacities, and the interactions between the resids and coals are weak with respect to promoting formation of liquid products under thermal conditions. Maya ATB was superior to Boscan ATB or North Slope VTB for the conversion of Illinois No. 6 coal to liquid or soluble products. The Maya ATB/Illinois No. 6 coal system responded favorably to the addition of low concentrations of a highly dispersed, unsupported molybdenum catalyst. Extensive demetalation of the liquid product was observed and was a function of the amount of coal added. Results obtained using different coal and resid combinations, under thermal and catalytic conditions, and in the presence of various additives, imply that an absorptive mechanism is operative. The primary interactions leading to demetalation appear to be between the metal complexes of the resid and the insoluble carbonaceous coal-derivedmore » material. Demetalation of the liquid product was not observed to be dependent on conversion of the organically complexed metal in the resids to inorganic form.« less


There is increased discussion and recognition of the importance of project-based learning in education (Chin & Chia, 2004; Krajcik, Czerniak, & Berger, 1998; Lam, Cheng, & Ma, 2009). Full-inquiry science research projects develop science content and develop and assess all of the standards-based science process skills and inquiry skills. In the dawn of project-based learning moving beyond talk and into implementation, full-inquiry science research should be the gold standard of independent project work.We propose that policy people, leaders, and teachers have the following three main goals for science fairs: (a) Winning Goal, (b) Quantity Goal, and (c) Quality Goal. These goals may not be explicitly stated but they do shape behavior. The winning goal is common but focusing efforts on elite students doing elite projects may limit the amount of students participating. For this research we selected programs that were exemplary in maximizing participation but yet were interested in quality research. Case study analyses of science research programs in Costa Rica, Ireland, and Marlborough, Massachusetts were conducted. Interviews of leaders, supporters, and students were conducted. These interviews and supporting documents were analyzed. Each of these case studies is described and conclusions from comparing programs are presented. The research can inform existing science research programs and places seeking to establish science research programs.


In this study, questionnaires were used in the Extreme North Region of Cameroon in order to gather information on the oilseeds Ceiba, Khaya and Azadirachta. These oilseeds are part of the biodiversity of the area and this paper brings more knowledge on the virtues of the tree as experienced by the local population. Data gathered here will serve much in the study and valorization of the oilseeds. Results of the inquiry show that Ceiba, Khaya and Azadirachta, have a wide range of medicinal uses and applications. Keywords— Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Ceiba pentandra Gaertn., Khaya senegalensis, oilseed,


Considering error of radar data as well as the influence of airflow and other factors,introduce Kalman filter into the flight short-term collision detection,to get more accurate forecast.The known research shows that flight track error obeys to zero mean Gaussian model.Kalman filter can effectively deal with the error distribution model.Filtering results are closer to the actual conditions,and make a valid prediction of the unknown state.According to the civil aviation flight safety requirements,in this paper,forecast the flight conflict in horizontal and vertical direction.Through theoretical analysis and simulation experiments show that the method can not only forecast the real collision,but also provide the reference information as probability for potential collision.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of growth, leverage, fixed asset turnover, profitability, firm size, firm age, audit quality, audit independence, and motivational bonuses. Using 300 years of data from 100 samples of listed manufacturing company in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 until 2020 that selected by using purposive sampling method. This study uses multiple regression method. Finding of this study indicate that growth, leverage, profitability, and audit quality have a effect on earnings management. Meanwhile the result of this study then show that fixed asset turnover, firm size, firm age, audit independence, and motivational bonuses do not have a effect on earnings management.


Antecedent soil water content is an important physical factor for hydrological response at a watershed outlet.In hydrological modeling,initial soil water content is calculated by data.In this paper,uncertainty in hydrological simulation is studied by altering antecedent soil water content parameters of the distributed hydrology model.The initial soil water content has prominent influence on the accuracy of hydrological modeling results,especially for the hydrological processes with rare antecedent rainfall.The relationship between observed soil volume water content and antecedent rainfall is given.The correlation coefficient is high between soil volume water content and 15-day antecedent rainfall.The experiential relationship of the observed soil volume water content,antecedent precipitation and the soil moisture parameters is researched in order to provide a way for combining volume water content with soil water parameters in a conceptual model.This relationship facilitates the combination between traditional model and physical features of the basin,which will improve the accuracy and reliability of hydrological simulation.


Face information is quite important in videos, such as news, dramas, and movies. Especially for dramas, once all face sequences are extracted and identified, access to video fragments by means of actor/actress information becomes available. Automated extraction and identification of face sequences may enable many multimedia applications including video indexing, drama video authoring, etc. This paper describes an semi-automated actor/actress annotation system for drama videos, using a newly developed method for robust face sequence extraction and matching, and face classification. Figure 1 shows the process of the system. The system is first given the video of an episode (e.g., the first episode) of a drama series. After the system extracts face sequences from the video and has part of faces manually annotated by a person, it provides annotations to all faces of the episode. In addition to the annotated video of the given


Primary intraosseous meningioma of the skull is an uncommon disease. It accounts for 0.5 to 1 percent of all meningiomas and is often confused with primary bone tumor of the skull. We report a case of a 77-year-old Taiwanese women with a rare primary intraosseous meningioma. The tumor was located in the right frontoparietal region, involving the coronal suture. The tumor was excised completely. The final pathological diagnosis determined that the tumor was a meningioma. Several cases reported in the past literature are reviewed and the possible pathogenesis of the tumor is discussed.


The first six volumes of Cretaceous Fossils and the first two volumes of Jurassic Fossils, described in this work, were issued without exact dates, and consequently have caused much confusion in nomenclature.


In this study, 0.75BiFeO3-0.25BaTiO3 ceramics doped with Mn and Cu (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mol%) have been fabricated with an effective solid-state reaction method developed for high purity ceramics. Attention has been focused on relationships between phase formation, density, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the sintered ceramics. It was found that Mn and Cu doping affected the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of these ceramics. In addition, Cu and Mn doping was also found to improve the sintering ability and change the structural symmetry of this system from rhombohedral to tetragonal.


Ever since a new way of reading Plato based on "unwritten doctrines" was articulated, it became a matter of dispute. However, the testimonies of its existence are undeniable. This expression was used by Aristotle in his Physics and its description can be found both in Aristotle and other in the classical thinkers. There are three key points crucial for Plato's "unwritten doctrines" i. e. his oral lectures held at the Academy. These are: the doctrine about the Principles i. e. the One and the Indeterminate Dyad (hen and aoristos duas), the thesis about the geometrical construction of the world and the doctrine about ideal numbers. These numbers are referred to in both "direct" and "indirect" tradition. The controversy regarding arose in German academic circles where intensive study of Plato has a long and highly developed tradition. In the Anglo-Saxon world this discussion appears not to have been well received and has sometimes even provoked a rejection (especially in the circle of H. Chernis and his followers). However, this certainly does not lead to the conclusion that studies drawing on Plato's "unwritten doctrines" have not appeared in the English-speaking world, which sought new ways of understanding the meaning of his philosophy. In this paper, first, I will assess the different readings, as well as their arguments regarding the importance of "unwritten doctrines" for accounting for Plato's philosophy. Then, I will argue for my stance in this debate.


Compressive failure mechanisms of fiber reinforced polymers represent a significant challenge when accurately modeling common industrial problems. This thesis aims to deliver a physically representative computational framework capable of simulating Open Hole Compression. A novel approach, the Floating Node Method is adopted for modeling discontinuities. Furthermore, a constitutive law for fiber kinking, incorporating the microscale bending stress of a fiber under the assumptions of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, is proposed. This meso-scale Continuum Damage Model poses three requirements for kinking onset: 1) local failure of the matrix in the kink band; 2) fibers fracture due to bending; 3) the longitudinal compressive stress is sufficiently large to satisfy the previous requirement when the kink plane shear stresses is smaller than the traverse shear strength of the ply. The model is validated against experiments of different sized [45/90/-45/0]s laminates. The predicted panel strengths match experiments by less than 8%.


Biometric recognition of individuals has been widely employed in establishing secure and trustworthy systems nowadays. However, due to its increased demand and usability, the associated security risks have been increased, which necessitates finding of more robust biometric traits than existing modalities. Recently, brain signal recorded by Electroencephalogram (EEG) technique has been reported as a potential biometric candidate on account of its high degree of uniqueness, stability and universality. This paper presents an EEG-based biometric authentication system employing brain patterns in response to a number of visual or auditory stimuli by seeing/hearing self, familiar and unfamiliar faces/voices. The system employs power spectral density (PSD) features extracted from alpha, beta and gamma bands of EEG for biometric authentication. The PSD values of multi-band EEG signals from 14 channels form template feature vector for each subject, and are stored in the database during enrollment phase. During online authentication, test feature vector is correlated with the respective template vector and the obtained correlation value is compared with a pre-defined threshold value. Based on the authentication experiments performed on 5 healthy subjects, the proposed system offers an overall accuracy of 79.73% with a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 13.91% and false rejection rate (FRR) of 26.6%.


In this paper, we report a study on Si nanopatterns, fabricated as a one-dimensional (1D) Si nanograting with a sub-wavelength (≈200 nm) period. Unpolarized light normally incident on the nanopatterned Si becomes partially polarized and chiral over the entire visible range of 380–740 nm. The degree and the state of polarization of light were measured using polarimetric and ellipsometric techniques. The analysis showed that the reflected light is partially linearly polarized and at the same time a slight chirality (Ŝ3≠0) is observed. Although the polarization of the reflected light is related to the 1D nanograting anisotropy, the chiral transformation of the light could be related to a micrometer-scale chiral substructure on the Si nanopatterned surface. This structure results from the dynamic polarization rotation of the femtosecond laser pulses in their filaments in liquid carbon disulfide near the Si surface during the interferential plasmonic self-organization of the surface nanorelief. These results could underline a key enabling process for the fabrication of polarization-sensitive metasurface-based sensors or devices within the common complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible technology.


Abstract Background Opioid addiction in the United States has reached epidemic proportions threatening public health. This analysis evaluates the baseline characteristics and bacterial causes of ABSSSI in patients who were IVDU from two parallel Phase 3 trials comparing the treatment of iclaprim with vancomycin. Methods A total of 621 patients who were IVDU from two parallel Phase 3, double-blind, randomized (1:1), active-controlled, multinational, multicenter trials (REVIVE-1 and REVIVE-2) were analyzed both separately and pooled. This post-hoc analysis summarizes the baseline bacterial causes of ABSSSI identified among IVDU. Per protocol, ABSSSI (major abscesses, cellulitis, or wound infections) were defined as having either the presence of purulent or seropurulent drainage before or after surgical intervention of the wound or at least 3 of the following signs and symptoms: discharge, erythema (extending at least 2 cm beyond the wound edge in any direction), swelling and/or induration, heat and/or localized warmth, and/or pain and/or tenderness to palpation. IVDU was defined based on subjected-reported medical history. At the baseline visit, ABSSSI were sampled for microbiological culture. Cultures were performed locally, and isolates were submitted to the central microbiology laboratory. Results Among IVDU with ABSSSI, average age was 44 years, 67.6% were male, average lesion size was 322 cm2, 10.8% had abnormal renal function (CrCl ≤ 90 mL/minute), and 3.9% had bacteremia. The bacterial causes of ABSSSI among IVDU are shown in the Table. Conclusion IVDU, a growing population, are vulnerable to ABSSSI. S. aureus, including MRSA, and S. anginosus group were the most commonly identified bacterial causes of ABSSSI in patients who are IVDU. Therefore, antibiotic selection should cover these bacteria among IVDU who present with an ABSSSI. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Cognitive radar can be defined as [1]: A radar system that acquires information, knowledge, and understanding about its operating environment through online estimation, reasoning and learning, or from datasets comprising context. A cognitive radar then exploits the acquired information, knowledge, and understanding to enhance information extraction, data processing, and radar management. Implicit in this definition is the implementation of perception-action cycles that are predominantly recognized as a defining feature of cognitive radar. As is evident from the variety of living species, the extent to which information, knowledge, and understanding is acquired and exploited can vary greatly. Consequently, a single feature qualifying a radar as cognitive does not exist. Instead cognition can be visualized as a continuous spectrum with varying degrees of cognitive capability [2]. A cognitive radar ultimately finds that the information present in a single radar dwell is insufficient to effectively control the available degrees of freedom. Therefore, a cognitive radar attempts to preserve information, knowledge, and understanding exploited from any available source, be it processed radar data acquired over extended time periods, context, or learning. Multifunction radar (MFR) is a particularly attractive recipient for cognitive radar techniques. An MFR, ideally enabled by arbitrary waveform generation and electronic beam steering, is capable of executing many tasks that support differing radar functions. Radar resource management is a vital enabling technology for an MFR, as it enables an effective control of the transmitter degrees of freedom, thus unlocking the full potential of the system. Management becomes evenmore crucial for the current trend of multifunction RF systems, as the additional functions place additional demands on the shared resources. Since radar resource management techniques have implemented perception-action cycles for many decades, it is a topic that is very closely related to cognitive radar. In the "Cognitive Radar Architecture" section, a cognitive radar architecture is presented, within which cognitive radar techniques can be realized. Then, in the "Development of Adaptivity in Radar Resource Management" and "Drive to Cognitive Radar Resource Management" sections, an overview of adaptive and cognitive radar resource management techniques is presented. As this series of techniques represents increasing adaptation to information or knowledge, the reader is taken on a walk along the cognitive spectrum in the context of radar resource management. The "Challenges and Drawbacks" section discusses drawbacks and challenges that should be considered in the cognitive radar research and development process.


Abstract TiAl intermetallic alloys have been joined using the diffusion brazing technique with Ti insert foil metal combined with Cu, Ni or Fe foils. Defect-free joints can be fabricated successfully, no matter which kind of foil combination is used as insert metal. The interface structures of the joints were also investigated and results showed various interface structures in the joined zones. A mechanism for the development of the interface structure is proposed. It is suggested that the formation process of the liquid phase was responsible for the resulting interface structures. Post-bond heat treatment (PBHT) had no obvious effect on the interface structure of the joints because of the low diffusion coefficient of Cu, Ni and Fe in the parent material. Microhardness results showed a slight decrease in the joint area as a result of PBHT.


Adoption of "Payment for Environmental Services (PES)" scheme can be one option to protect the forest area and the Phewa Lake for sustaining the existing benefits. The study was carried out to explore the adoption possibility of PES mechanism in Panchase Conservation Area (PCA) for the sustainable management of the forest and the Phewa Lake. The study was focused on people of Bhadaure and Chapakot villages of Panchase area as upstream dwellers and different downstream communities benefitted from the lake. Major environmental services were prioritized for both upstream and downstream dwellers and the major impacts on the downstream communities were also found out. Multiple linear regression model was adopted to assess the factors affecting the downstream communities for providing suitable incentives to upstream dwellers. Watershed protection was found to be the major environmental service prioritized by both upstream and downstream respondents. Most of the people of both upstream and downstream communities are willing to accept (WTA) and pay (WTP) for the protection of the prioritized environmental service. Hotel communities were seem to have highest WTP followed by boating, fishing and agricultural communities. Also, Income, education, household member and residential distance were statistically significant to WTP of downstream beneficiary group. Based on the WTP of the downstream beneficiary groups, it is concluded that the area is potential for initiating PES mechanism for the sustainable conservation of watershed and regulate benefits on sustained basis. Education based activities should be organized to enhance participation of more beneficiaries and upstream dwellers whereas proper policy mechanism should be formulated for assuring community people before the implementation of PES.


Two oligomeric species of an aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (Ar-AT) were purified and characterized from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis S3. The more abundant species, Ar-AT1, was purified over 2,200-fold with a 3% recovery. The molecular masses of Ar-AT1 were determined to be 42 kDa and 84 kDa by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. The molecular masses of the less abundant species, Ar-AT2, were 42 kDa and 170 kDa, respectively. Both Ar-AT1 and Ar-AT2 have identical N-terminal sequences which indicates they are homodimeric and homotetrameric forms of the same enzyme. The Ar-ATs catalyze e pyridoxal-5'-phosphate dependent transamination of Phe, Tyr, Trp, Leu and Met utilizing α-ketoglutarate as the amino acceptor. Km values of the two Ar-ATs for Trp, Tyr and Phe ranged from 0.65 to 2.43 mM. However, differences were observed in the pI and specific activities between the two Ar-ATs. The pI values of Ar-AT1 and Ar-AT2 were 4.63 and 3.93, respectively. The Vmax/Km ratios of Ar-AT2 for Trp, Tyr and Phe were three-fold greater than that of Ar-AT1, indicating that Ar-AT2 is more catalytically efficient on these amino acids than Ar-AT1.


Geology interactive map map of the crystalline basement of the western part of the Ukrainian Shield at a scale of 1: 200,000 is provided. The map was built using NACSN (NACSN 2005) principles in the QGIS environment. It is based on the state digitized geological maps at a scale of 1: 200,000 and publications for the last 70 years. The GIS system allows visualisation of a wide range of geological data (lithodemic units, structural parameters, faults, isotopic age data, mineralogical and petrochemical analyses), as well as the location of rock outcrops (natural and anthropogenic), boreholes, etc.). The system will allow each registered user to edit and add information to the database.


The production and application of bastal fiber asphalt mixture is still at the starting stage,therefore the mechanism research on the reinforcement function of bastal fiber in asphalt concrete has not drawn enough attention.The test research on rut and low temperature bending can provide reference for the application of bastal fiber in the asphalt concrete pavement.It is significant to the prolonging of service period of pavement.


INTRODUCTION
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the standard for venous thromboembolic (VTE) chemo-prophylaxis in trauma patients; however, inconsistencies in the use of LMWH exist. The objective of this study was to assess VTE outcomes in response to a chemo-prophylaxis protocol guided by patient physiology (eg, creatinine clearance) and comorbidities.

METHODS
ACS TQIP Benchmark Reports at a level 1 trauma center using a patient physiology and comorbidity directed VTE chemo-prophylaxis protocol were analyzed for Spring 2019 to Fall 2021. Patient demographics, VTE rates and pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis type were collected for "All Patients" and "Elderly" (TQIP: age ≥ 55 years) cohorts.

RESULTS
Data was analyzed for 1919183 "All Hospitals" (AH) and 5843 patients single institution (SI) using the physiologic and comorbidity guided VTE chemo-prophylaxis protocol. Elderly subgroup had 701965 (AH) and 2939 (SI) patients. Use of non-LMWH chemo-prophylaxis was significantly higher at SI: All patients = 62.6% SI vs 22.1% (P < .01); Elderly = 68.8% SI vs 28.1% AH (P < .01). VTE, DVT, and PE rates for All Patients and Elderly subgroup were significantly reduced at SI, except Elderly PE which was statistically equivalent.

CONCLUSIONS
Protocol-driven VTE chemo-prophylaxis was associated with significantly lower LMWH use accompanied by significant reductions in All VTE, DVT, PE, and Elderly VTE and DVT with no difference in Elderly PE rates. These results may imply that adherence to a physiologic and comorbidity directed chemo-prophylaxis protocol, rather than LMWH, reduces VTE events in trauma patients. Further investigation to elucidate best practice is warranted.


The chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation for the Meteorological Observatory of Moscow University is analyzed basing on the monitoring of every event of wet atmospheric fallout for 1982 to 2017 period. The whole number of observations can be grouped into three periods, which are characterized by different acidity of precipitation, changes in mineralization and the predominance of certain ions. The 1980-1998 period is characterized by the most polluted atmospheric precipitation with high acidity; the 1999-2004 period - by almost complete absence of acid deposition and decrease in mineralization of precipitation. The latest period (2005-2017) is characterized by increasing frequency of acid fallouts, while the mineralization shows no changes despite a significant increase of chlorides in precipitation in recent years. The possible reasons for these trends are discussed. The average long-term pH value was 4,90±0,03 and the mineralization value was 17,1±1,0 mg/l.


Navy-gun and its control system are separately installed on naval vessels or simulated test fields,thus navy-gun operators can not watch directly over the movement state of target navy-gun. With the rapid developing of computer graphics (CG) technology,data acquiring technology and sensor technology,by calculating and processing input test data,the 3D real-time simulation modeling to navy-gun has become possible.A three-dimensional navy-gun model is set up by using 3DS utilities; and with using OpenGL APIs under Visual C++ integrated developing environment,the movement state of navy-gun can be lively and real-timely reproduced. This makes the navy-gun operating interface highly improved,and since the operator can monitor and control the movement of navy-gun in such virtualization way,the commanding and controlling to the navy-gun in operating cabin becomes reality.


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speed. complete turn or the motor. status and motor simulation.


Chemerin may play a role in connecting inflammation and metabolic syndrome(MS), C-reactive protein(CRP) level is markedly rising during infectious and inflammatory diseases . The aimed of this study to evaluate both Creactive protein (CRP) and Chemerin as subclinical markers in diabetic patients women. A total of 90 women, including, 24 healthy women (as control group), 66 women patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) (22diabetics with hypertension, 22 diabetics without hypertension and 22 hypertension only),there ages ranged between49-64 years. The result showed that significant increase (p≤0.05) in mean chemerin level in the diabetes group (8.766 ±0.648 ng/ml) in comparison with control group( 4.042±0.320 ng/ml). Also, the result, revealed that significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of chemerin in women suffering from hypertension and diabetes (14.108 ± 0.577 ng/ml) in comparison to the women suffering from diabetic only which reached (8.766 ± 0.648 ng/ml). The data pointed out that the serum CRP level significant increase in T2DM group (6.176±0.1905) compared with control group (2.20±0.15 ng/ml) . Also, the result revealed that significant increase (P<0.05) of the CRP level with hypertension women patients (4.45 ± 0.131ng/ml) compared with the control group( 2.20±0.15 ng/ml) and significant increase(P<0.05) in diabetic with hypertension women group patients comparison with the women suffering from diabetic only. The chemerin and C-RP in hypertensive and normotensive patients with T2DM may be play an important role in activation of Immune Response in these patients .


Progress in opto-electronic components combined with the development of the micro-processor made it possible to realize a new family of surveying instruments which can measure angles and distances, combine these readings and yield true three dimensional position information. The paper describes the HP3820A which combines a one arc second tiltmeter and a microprocessor in a single instrument.


After several attempts and failures, the Asociación Española de Americanistas was, at last, formally established in 1983. The association is now in the process of being affiliated to the European Council of Social Research on Latin America. In this way, Spain's americanistas are trying -with not much success, I would say - to organize themselves as a professional body, and also to create an institutional frame for coordination of their research, publications, library resources and representation of their common interests. There is no hope of the Asociación ever reaching the effectiveness of, for instance, the German Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutsche Latinamerika–Forschung in the early 1970s, but at least we start to think - if not to move - in the right direction, namely, of solidarity and cooperation on a national scale.


Detailed forecasts are major inputs to modern Hotel Revenue Management Systems. Accurate forecasts are crucial to improve rate and availability recommendations for rooms. The data used for hotel demand forecasting are based on current booking activities (Reservations), historical information regarding daily arrivals or rooms sold. Bookings are recent data that if used adequately can make the forecasting process more responsive to demand shifts. Very little work has been done on forecasting techniques using reservation data. In this paper, we examine in more details a popular forecasting model that uses reservation data, referred to in the literature as the "pickup" method. In particular, we present a new framework for the pickup technique with 8 different variations and compare the results of these variations using a variety of simulated hotel reservations data.


The most classic question of pregnant women or future mothers is: which type of delivery to choose? For those who intend to take normal delivery, the desire is that the perineum remain integrate after delivery. Since episiotomy rate has increased considerably and is currently the most common surgical procedure in women in the world, comes the need to know which methods would be effective to prevent it. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a balloon-like device that inflates with the help of a pressure gauge known as Epi-No® in reducing the need for episiotomy and decreased risk of postpartum injury. A systematic literature review was performed with randomized clinical trials to investigate the effects of Epi-No®, from September 24 to 30, using keywords. Initially, were found 1.149 articles, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number was reduced and 6 articles wer analyzed in this study. The conclusion is that Epi-No® appears to be effective in reducing episiotomy and postpartum injuries, but we need more randomized controlled trials with larger sample numbers to better determine their effectiveness.


The field of Artificial Intelligence has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, especially with the emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs) based on the transformer architecture. Cloud-based LLMs, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, offer impressive capabilities but come with concerns regarding latency and privacy due to network dependencies. This article presents an innovative approach to LLM inference, envisioning a future where LLMs with billions of parameters can be executed directly on mobile devices without network connectivity. The article showcases a fine-tuned GPT LLM with 3 billion parameters that can operate smoothly on devices with as low as 4GB of memory. Through the integration of native code and model quantization techniques, the application not only serves as a general-purpose assistant but also facilitates seamless mobile interactions with text-to-actions features. The article provides insights into the training pipeline, implementation details, test results, and future directions of on-device LLM inference. This breakthrough technology opens up possibilities for empowering users with sophisticated AI capabilities while preserving their privacy and eliminating latency concerns.


The following work is based on an urban plan (master plan), which was developed based on a study of different problems encountered in Puerto Roma commune in the Gulf of Guayaquil, where different projects have been carried out, Urban ensemble, which is part of a new project called eco village, same that works solving the problems presented throughout the thesis project, based on the current economic problems of the site, proposes an ecological hostel that serves for the benefit of the commune and as part of natural integration to the mangrove ecosystem.


This paper addresses the question of whether sovereign risk pricing was related to macroeconomic fundamentals, between 2007 and 2015, in a sample of OECD countries. The authors argue that the conflicting evidence in the literature is due to poor methodology options. The researchers innovate by modelling sovereign credit default swaps implied ratings as our sovereign risk proxy, instead of spreads, avoiding common pitfalls. Furthermore, the authors improve the variable selection, model specification and the econometric procedures used. A panel ordered probit model is chosen, assuring robust inference. The authors relax the parallel lines assumption, allowing for rating-varying coefficients of explanatory variables. The result is the first congruent model of sovereign risk during the years of the financial crisis and of the Euro Area crisis. Fiscal space variables, economic activity indicators, variables pertaining to external imbalances, and contagion proxies are relevant, with effects matching theory priors. The scientists clarify conundrums in the previous literature, posed by lack of significance of some macro fundamentals and by puzzling signs of some estimated coefficients. Moreover, this is the first paper to estimate not only the global risk premium, but also the impact of changing risk aversion. The authors find no support for claims of sovereign risk mispricing during the sample period. The results allow relevant policy conclusions, namely concerning the validity of different fiscal consolidation paths in financially distressed countries.


Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (sdAVFs) usually become symptomatic in elderly men, who are affected 5 times more often than women. Symptoms caused by sdAVF comprise gait disturbances with or without paresis, sensory disturbances in the lower extremities, pain, and sphincter and erectile dysfunction. The authors retrospectively analyzed their medical data base for all patients treated for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula at their institution between 2006 and 2016. Patient age, neurologic status at the time of diagnosis, the duration of symptoms from onset to diagnosis, and follow-up information were evaluated. The extent of medullary T2WI hyperintensity, intramedullary contrast enhancement, and elongation of perimedullary veins on MR imaging at the time of diagnosis were additionally analyzed. Data for long-term outcome analysis were available in 40 patients with a mean follow-up of 52 months. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 69 years (median, 71 years; range, 53-84 years) with a male predominance (80%). The mean duration of symptoms was 20 months. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are characterized by inter-individually variable clinical presentations, which make a determination of specific predictors for long-term outcome more difficult. Fast and sufficient diagnosis might result in a better outcome after treatment. The diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula remains markedly delayed, reflecting an ongoing lack of knowledge and awareness among treating physicians of this rare-but-serious disease. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The impact of various radiologic and clinical features on the long-term outcome in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas is still unclear; thus, they are the purpose of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed our medical data base for all patients treated for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula in our institution between 2006 and 2016. Patient age, neurologic status at the time of diagnosis, the duration of symptoms from onset to diagnosis, and follow-up information were evaluated. The extent of medullary T2WI hyperintensity, intramedullary contrast enhancement, and elongation of perimedullary veins on MR imaging at the time of diagnosis were additionally analyzed. RESULTS: Data for long-term outcome analysis were available in 40 patients with a mean follow-up of 52 months (median, 50.5 months; range, 3–159 months). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 69.27 ± 9 years (median, 71 years; range, 53–84 years) with a male predominance (n = 32; 80%). The mean duration of symptoms was 20.2 months (median, 10 months; range, 1–120 months). Shorter duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis was significantly correlated with better outcome of symptoms (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are characterized by interindividually variable clinical presentations, which make a determination of specific predictors for long-term outcome more difficult. Fast and sufficient diagnosis might result in a better outcome after treatment. The diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula remains markedly delayed, reflecting an ongoing lack of knowledge and awareness among treating physicians of this rare-but-serious disease.


The alkoxyallenes (1-5) are polymerized by BF 3 OEt 2 (2 mol %) or CH 3 SO 3 H (2 mol %) in dichloromethane at -50 °C. The cationic polymerizability of alkoxyallenes decreased in the following order : i-Pr > i-Bu > Pr > Et > Me. These results might be explained due to the electron-donating ability of the alkyl groups. The structures of all obtained polymers were formed by polymerizing only the 1,2-double bond of alkoxyallenes. The polymerization by BF 3 OEt 2 decreased the content of the double bonds in the obtained polymer to 21-29 mol % of the theoretical content, whereas the polymerization by CH 3 SO 3 H suppressed the decrease of the double bond content in the obtained polymer.


(76) Inventors: Gian Paolo Littarru, Institute of Hiroshima et al. "Rapid method for determination of ubiquinone in Biochemistry, University of Ancona Via biological materials by high peomano liquid chromatography", Ranieri, 60.131 Ancona (IT); Fabrizo Bitamin, 1985, 59(9) 457-63, Abstract. an1erl, o Tomasetti, et al., Distribution of antioxidants among blood compo Mosca, Via Aldo Moro 3 bis, 60030 nents and lipoproteins: significance of lipids/CoQ10 ration as a Monsano (AN) (IT); Daniele Fattorini, possible marker of increased risk for atherosclerosis. BioFactors, 9, Institute of Biology & Genetics, 231-240 (1999). University of Ancona, Via Ranieri, Littarru, et al., Metabolic and diagnostic implications of human blood Quo levels, in Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme o * (IT): so biol & Q vol. VI, (eds. K. Folkers, G.P. Littarru, T. Yamagami), Elsevier ompadre. Institute of Microbiology North Holland, pp. 167-178 (1991). Biomedical Sciences University of Alleva, et al., Oxidation of LDL and their subfractions: kinetic Ancona, Via Ranieri, 60131 Ancona aspects and CoQ10 content. Molec Asp Med, 18 s()15-sl12 (1997). (IT) Mortenson, et al., Dose-related decrease of serum coenzyme Quo during treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Molec Asp (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Med, 18, s137-sl-14 (1997). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (Continued) U.S.C. 154(b) by 551 days. (b) by ays Primary Examiner—Yelena G. Gakh (21) Appl No.: 10/444,535 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—McCarter & English, LLP s


Aim To investigate the different expression of interferon-induced transmembrane protein( IFITM)in HepG. 2. 2. 15 cells treated with interferon-α( IFN-α) or sequentially treated with lamivudine and IFN-α.Methods The HepG2. 2. 15 cells consecutively treated with 0 ~ 1 000 kU·L- 1IFN-α were used as IFN-αgroup,HepG2. 2. 15 cells sequentially treated with 20μmol·L- 1lamivudine and IFN-α were served as sequentially treated group. Afterwards,the Western blot and Southern blot were used for analysing the expression of IFITM and HBV replication in HepG2. 2. 15cells. Results When treated with IFN-α or sequentially treated with lamivudine and IFN-α,IFITM1,IFITM2,IFITM3 could be expressed in HepG2. 2. 15cells. The expression of IFITM1 was sharply increased by sequential treatment with lamivudine and IFN-α,and the extracellular HBV DNA in HepG2. 2. 15 cells could not be detected by Southern blot hybridization in sequentially treated group. However, just treatment with 1 000 kU·L- 1of IFN-α alone could not suppressthe HBV replication effectively. Moreover,we found that IFITM1 exerted some antiviral activities as it effectively suppressed the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2. 2. 15 cells. Conclusion IFN-α could induce the expression of IFITM1, IFITM2, IFITM3 in HepG2. 2. 15 cells; lamivudine specifically enhancesIFN-α-induced antiviral protein IFITM1. It might be one of the important mechanisms that it may enhance IFN-α antiviral activity against HBV.


I will argue that the autonomy of a particular act of a particular person depends on the pattern of behavior in which it is embedded. I call this conditional autonomy. A person's act is conditionally autonomous or not, relative to other acts at other times. Consider an example of a person crossing the street. On the one hand, this act might not be done for its own sake, but may fit into some ongoing long-term behavioral pattern that is personally beneficial to the person crossing the street—such as regularly buying groceries in the supermarket (which happens to be across the street). On the other hand, crossing the street might be done simply for its own sake. If such an act were considered to be autonomous, regardless of its temporal context, its autonomy would be unconditional. However, I will argue that whereas conditional autonomy is a highly useful social concept, indeed a necessary concept, for any human society, unconditional autonomy is a useless concept that actually impedes our efforts to understand and explain human behavior.


One of the critical tasks in realising a bioelectronic interface is the transduction of ion and electron signals at high fidelity, and with appropriate speed, bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio [1]. This is a challenging task considering ions and electrons (or holes) have drastically different physics. For example, even the lightest ions (protons) have mobilities much smaller than electrons in the best semiconductors, effective masses are quite different, and at the most basic level, ions are 'classical' entities and electrons 'quantum mechanical'. These considerations dictate materials and device strategies for bioelectronic interfaces alongside practical aspects such as integration and biocompatibility [2]. In my talk I will detail these 'differences in physics' that are pertinent to the ion-electron transduction challenge. From this analysis, I will summarise the basic categories of device architecture that are possibilities for transducing elements and give recent examples of their realisation. Ultimately, transducing elements need to be combined to create 'bioelectronic logic' capable of signal processing at the interface level. In this regard, I will extend the discussion past the single element concept, and discuss our recent progress in delivering all-solids-state logic circuits based upon transducing interfaces. [1] "Ion bipolar junction transistors", K. Tybrandt, K.C. Larsson, A. Richter-Dahlfors and M. Berggren, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 107, 9929 (2010). [2] "Electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices inspired by nature", P Meredith, C.J. Bettinger, M. Irimia-Vladu, A.B. Mostert and P.E. Schwenn, Reports on Progress in Physics, 76, 034501 (2013).


In order to solve cyber security problems in electric power remote monitoring and control system,a scheme based on Hash message authentication code algorithm(HMAC)is introduced.Important functions such as message authentication,message integrity,message replay resistance,user authentication,role-based authorization limit and user-based audit log collecting are designed and realized in the scheme,which fully considers the limitation of embedded electric power terminal unit.Finally,experiments prove the feasibility and safety of the scheme.It can resist external threats like message modification,masquerade,message replay and internal threats like unauthorized access and exceeding authority.


OBJECTIVE
To study the relationship of the presence of secondary SS with disease activity, duration in RA.

METHODS
Eighty two patients with RA were submitted to Schirmer test, minor salivary gland biopsy, questionnaire on sicca symptoms, DAS-28 4v determination.

RESULTS
In this population, 20 (24.3%) patients fulfilled the American-European classification criteria for secondary SS. No relation could be found between the presence of secondary SS and disease activity (p = 0.31) and RA duration (p = 0.95).

CONCLUSION
Appearance of Secondary SS in RA patients is independent of RA duration or activity.


Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) induces a wide array of biochemical and immunological alterations resulting in the progressive impairment of cellular functions, several metabolic abnormalities and eventual development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). There is paucity of information on the plasma ascorbic acid concentration in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in University College Hospital This study was designed to assess the interplay of ascorbic acid, lipids and lipoproteins in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy. One hundred subjects consisting of fifty HIV positive patients with mean age of 34.02 ± 0.95 years and fifty controls with mean age of 35.06 ± 0.98 years were selected for this study. Plasma ascorbic acid, lipids and lipoproteins were estimated using spectrophotometric methods. The anthropometric indices were measured using standard methods. The result showed significant reductions in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (p<0.01) and body weight (p<0.05) when compared with the controls. There were significant increases in the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDLC (p<0.01) when compared with corresponding control values. There were significant correlations between TC and HDLC (r=0.427, p<0.01) and LDLC (r=0.975, p<01).TC/HDLC ratio was negatively correlated with TC/LDLC (r=-0.782, p<0.01) and HDLC/LDLC (r=-0.742, p<0.01). Plasma ascorbic acid, lipids and lipoproteins were altered in our human immunodeficiency virus. Infection patients on antiretroviral therapy.There were interplays in the plsma lipids and liporoteins in HIV patients. (Ebesunun Maria, Finebone Patience, Adetunji Kehinde, Umahion Kingsley. Plasma Ascorbic Acid, Lipid and Lipoproteins levels in HIV Infected Patients. New York Science Journal 2011;4(5):78-81). (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork .


Introduced in this paper are the properties and manufacturing process of the carbon fibre material, the dry and wet forming technol-ogy in carbon fiber paper making and the involved equipment.The carbon fiber paper is applicable in such fields as the new style antistaticmaterial, air purification, water purification and high shield wallpaper.


One of the major problems in electric power is power quality while converting form DC to AC is the harmonic contents. Multilevel inverters produce a staircase output voltage from DC voltage sources. Requiring great number of semiconductor switches and this is main disadvantage of the multilevel inverters. Application of multilevel inverter for high power equipments in industry has become popular because of its high-quality output waveform. In this paper, a three phase seventeen level single switch cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed with reduced number of switches, harmonic content and losses. An algorithm has been generated on the basis of optimized harmonic stepped wave form technique (OHSWT) to find out firing angle for multilevel inverter with unequal DC sauces to reduce harmonic content present in output. The main attention behind the objective of proposed project seventeen level Single Switch Cascade multilevel inverter topology is to achieve the high power quality, low total harmonic distortion and better power factor. The harmonic content can be measured in terms of total harmonic distortion by using FFT analysis harmonic spectrum. The proposed multilevel inverter has been validated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.


A new method to attach polymers on carbon nanotubes has been studied. We used nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) to graft polystyrene from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Carboxyl groups on MWNTs were activated with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) to give acyl chloride derivative (MWNT-COCl). NMP initiator was introduced to MWNT by esterification of 1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2-(2′,2′, 6′, 6′-tetramethyl-1′-piperidinyloxy)ethane (HO-PE-TEMPO) with acyl chloride groups of MWNTs. The obtained MWNT-PE-TEMPO was used for initiation of bulk polymerization of styrene, yielding polystyrene-grafted MWNTs (MWNT-g-pSt). The resulting composites of MWNT-g-pSt were analyzed by TEM, SEM, FT-IR and TGA.


Objective To understand the status of intensive care unit-acquired lower respiratory tract infection(ICULRTI),and the distribution characteristics of pathogens,so as to provide the basis for taking preventive and control measures,and scientific diagnosis and treatment for patients.Methods Targeted monitoring data on healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in ICUs of 32 hospitals in a province in2013 were investigated retrospectively.Results The incidence of ICULRTI was 5.79%,ventilator usage rate was 31.25%,incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)was 26.93‰;There was no linear correlation between ventilator usage rate and incidence of VAP(r=0.160,P=0.380).A total of 1 593 pathogens causing LRTI were detected,the major were gram-negative bacteria(75.77 %,n=1 207),followed by grampositive bacteria(18.21%,n=290),fungi(5.90%,n=94),Mycoplasma pneumonia and other pathogens(0.12 %,n=1for each).The top five detected pathogens causing LRTI were Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli,accounting for 25.49%,15.26%,14.63%,13.37% and5.09% respectively.Conclusion Targeted monitoring on ICU is helpful for realizing healthcare-associated LRTI,each hospital should conduct targeted monitor to find out the causes of HAI,as well as improve the awareness of VAP among ICU health care workers.


Background: It has been reported that biologically active compounds extracted from Cnidaria venom may induce damage by oxidative stress. Erythrocytes are constantly exposed to oxidative stresses, which can contribute to sulphydril (SH-) group oxidation and cell membrane deformability accompanied with activation of K-Cl co-transport and inhibition of anion transport. In this regard, Band 3 protein is responsible for mediating the electroneutral exchange of chloride (Cl-) for bicarbonate (HCO3-), particularly in erythrocytes, where it is the most abundant membrane protein. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of crude venom extracted from Pelagia noctiluca nematocysts on Band 3 -mediated anion transport in human erythrocytes. Methods: Erythrocytes were tested for SO42- uptake, K+ efflux, glutathione (GSH) levels and concentration of SH- groups. Results: The rate constant of SO42- uptake decreased progressively to 58% of control with increasing venom doses, and showed a 28% decrease after 2 mM NEM treatment. These effects can be explained by oxidative stress, which was reflected by decreased GSH levels in venom-treated erythrocytes. Hence, the decreased efficiency of anion transport may be due to changes in Band 3 structure caused by SH-group oxidation and reduced GSH concentration. In addition, an increased Cl--dependent K+ efflux was observed in venom-treated erythrocytes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that crude venom from Pelagia noctiluca alters cell membrane transport in human erythrocytes.


Construction industry consumes a large amount of natural resources and energy and produces high amount of CO2 emissions and waste materials. For more sustainable construction industry, various waste materials are used as natural aggregates substitution or as cement replacement materials. In this paper, marble powder (MP) is used as a substitution to ordinary Portland cement and its effects on some fresh and  hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) are investigated. The tests at the fresh state were slump flow, L-box and sieve segregation. To assess the fluidity retention, slump flow loss was measured after 30, 60 and 90 minutes. At hardened state, two tests were realized: compressive strength and static segregation. The results indicate that adding MP improved the fresh properties, but decreased the compressive strength of SCC. Adding MP allows to maintain the fluidity of SCC until 90 minutes. Production cost can be reduced by using MP. The performance approach showed that a substitution level of MP of 20% is adequate to produce an eco-efficient SCC with high fluidity and acceptable strength.


Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals and is important for a variety of functions and its concentration, structure and function is associated with different pathological states. In this research we correlate structural changes with those changes in the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) signal. The combination of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging with information included in SHG signal can significantly contribute to further understanding of the nonlinear optical properties of collagen.


Abstract : Until recently, computer simulations of helicopter rotor dynamics have employed equations of motion that have been linearized or simplified. These modified equations of motion did not allow for the evaluation of nonlinear material properties in the rotor since higher order terms in the dynamics had been modified in the simplification process. With recent advances in both computer simulation hardware and symbolic mathematic manipulation software, the full nonlinear equations of motion may be utilized in helicopter rotor simulations. This dissertation reports on the use of the full nonlinear equations of motion in the analysis of rotor blade lead/lag motion and its effect on rotor hub and rigid body fulselage motion. Nonlinear modeling methods are implemented using Maple symbolic mathematic manipulation software and Matlab and Simulink computer simulation environments. Results are compared to the RAH-66 Comanche Froude scale wind tunnel article and new methodologies evaluated in the search for a damperless rotor system that is free of ground and air resonance mechanical instabilities.


The Li-jie(severe and migratory arthalgia)was first found in the "simultaneously treat both pulse condition and symptoms for affection of wind pathogen from Synopsis of the Gulden Chamber". From this we could know that Li-jie disease had a relation with affection of wind pathogen. The affection of wind pathogen was mostly indicative to the exogenous wind-evil including Li-feng (leprosis) in the Han-Jin period. After the textual research of the literatures of the clinical manifestation and treatment method of Li-jie, it was considered that Li-jie was the allergic reaction of lepriasis.


JAE 68: 2 unexpectedly, the role that back rooms played aided the influx of Africans into white areas, rendering the ambitions of Apartheid separation almost impossible to realize. Love thwarted Apartheid? At all times I was struck by the way in which the personal testimonies of those interviewed cut through the text with a stark and often times disturbing realism: "the money she [the white madam] spends on dog food, cat food, and the other things she needs for the animals—is more than she pays me" (p. 75). This book is an engaging and challenging read. Yet, unfortunately, problems also emerge from the chosen narrative style. The text often fluctuates between the particularities of individual histories and broader social commentary. Generalizations are sometime made without the support of adequate evidence, which at times lends to a sense of incredulity. For instance the author states that white "children as a rule played no role in the preparation of dinner or, indeed, any household chores" (p. 86). The context of this statement leads one to wonder if this is supposed to apply to all white households throughout the fortysix years of Apartheid rule, or if it is supposed to be qualified by the "main period" of study that is stated in the introduction—this being the Northern suburbs of Johannesburg over the years 1960–1970. In any case, inadequate evidence is provided for this assertion. Johannesburg is a city of foreigners, a place of tremendous diversity. Culturally speaking, the northern suburbs were (and still are) far from homogeneous. This was also true of Apartheid discourses.2 This and other assertions do not correspond to my own childhood experiences of growing up in Johannesburg. More importantly, I feel that some awareness of the narrative structure of the study, and how one might approach it, should have been considered at the introduction to the book—histories are, after all, the construal of narrative.3 That said, I must add that when contrasted with the high quality of primary research that underpins this study, my quibble is, perhaps, a minor concern. I should think this elegantly written and well-researched book should enjoy a wide appeal among architectural historians, sociologists, and urban anthropologists alike and indeed for anyone interested in the intersections that occur between the categories of gender, race, space and class. In fact, the importance of this topic surely warrants a follow-up study on the nature of domestic work in contemporary South Africa. In an economic environment plagued by high levels of unemployment, domestic work provides an important employment sector in present-day South Africa. Many middleto upper-class households— black and white owned alike—are serviced by black female workers. A study of this contemporary scene would surely make for an enlightening comparison with this remarkable study by Rebecca Ginsburg.


This study was carried out with a critical mind that how the main bodies of the private and governmental organizations evaluated the urban regeneration works now under way for the Gwangju Metropolitan City where the degeneration of the inner city is worsening. I would like to examine the urban regeneration program on the level of its importance and project-worthiness from the viewpoint of the main bodies of the private and governmental organizations, that is, private business owners and government officials, and present my opinion on several policy plans for the urban regeneration they suggested. Regarding urban regeneration of big cities which has been referred to as a political issue and election pledge so far, the main body of the private and governmental organizations commonly recognized the importance of the urban regeneration but negatively evaluated about its project-worthiness. However, there were differences of viewpoints among the main bodies in their problem awareness and solution of the city problem. The main bodies seem to have consensus on the necessity for the urban, regeneration in which the private and governmental organizations jointly participate. Therefore, a detailed plan should be presented about proper role-sharing through serious elaboration and the partnership with the members of the community about the degeneration of the urban center, renewed from the current way of urban regeneration program. In addition, the weight of the physical environment-revitalization should be diversified to make the best of the functions and characteristics of the urban center and I think it is desirable to practice the urban regeneration program which reflects the culture and sentiment of the region.


Karyotype analysis and cluster analysis was studied on 6 alfalfa materials by chromosome flaking and karyotype resemblance-near coefficient.The result showed that each material was tetraploid with 32 chromosomes.The level of all materials on karyotype evolution was(Medicago sativa L.,M.sativa,Xinjiangdaye) 2B(M.sativa,Regina 2000,M.sativa,Longdong,M.sativa,Pick 8925)1B(M.sativa,Zhaodong) 1A.However,karyotype resemblance-near coefficient of each material was above 0.900 0.Furthermore,all materials were divided into 2 categories when the value of evolutionary distance was 0.073 8,which M.sativa L.and M.sativa,Xinjiangdaye belonging to one category and the rest ones belonging to another category.All above showed the shape of chromosomes of M.sativa L.was more asymmetry.And the speed of its system evolution was faster than any other material in this experiment.


Historical end geographical aspects of population moving in Lipetsk region. The paper studies the important historical end geographical aspects of population moving in Lipetsk region. Novelty of the paper consists in elaboration of population period of Lipetsk region. There is an opportunity to get reliable information about the degree of the population density of the territory. We have discovered the peculiarities of territorial population settling by all set periods. The natural landscape appears to be the foundation, on which present time anthropogenic complexes have been formed and are still being formed.


The signing of a FTA with the United States implies for Colombia the deepening of the internationalization model set up at the beginning of the past decade and the definitive gravitation of the country towards the US economy. Having been, so far, the results of the liberalization strategy frankly disappointing, it is not realistic .according to the analysis carried out in this article. to expect any substantial benefit for the national development arising from the FTA. On the contrary, there is the risk of the structural disequilibria of the Colombian economy (slow growth, lack of sectoral change, unemployment, poverty and high inequality of income distribution) to become deeper. In addition, the consolidation of the bilateral trade patterns could worsen the internal territorial polarization as well.


Objectives: This pilot study evaluates satisfaction with foreign home care arrangement from the perspectives of older adults, their family members, and their foreign home care workers. Methods: A matched cross-sectional sample of 148 family members and foreign home care workers and 90 older care recipients completed a satisfaction survey in the years 2007–2008. Results: Foreign home care workers' satisfaction was directly associated with family members' and care recipients' satisfaction. In addition, the well-being of older care recipients and foreign home care workers was directly associated with their satisfaction with this arrangement. Finally, there was an inverse association between care recipients' cognitive functioning and family members' satisfaction. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the complex associations between the various stakeholders involved in this caregiving arrangement. It is possible that better working conditions would result in improved satisfaction with services of all parties involved.


According to the problem of parameter selection and feature extraction for vibration diagnosis of traditional internal combustion engine is discussed. The method based on S-transformation and Module Two Dimensional Principal Components Analysis (M-2DPCA) is proposed to carry out fault diagnosis of I.C. Engine valve mechanism. First of all, the method transfers cylinder surface vibration signals of I.C. into images through S-transform. The second, extracting the optimized projection vectors from the general distribution matrix G which is obtained by all sample sub-images, so that vibration spectrum images can be modularized using M-2DPCA. The last, these features matrix obtained from images project will served as the enters of nearest neighbor classifier, it is used to achieve fault types' division. The method is applied to the diagnosis example of the vibration signal of the valve mechanism eight operating modes, recognition rate up to 94.17 percent; the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved.


Travel disutility concepts are used to discuss the basic factor motivating people to travel and the elements which define the character and quantity of travel. The paper also defines the components of future travel, discusses pertinent empirical analyses, and presents recommendations for future work in the transportation supply/demand area. The disutility components considered here are, terminal time/discomfort, terminal cost, in-motion time/discomfort, and in-motion costs. The phychological-economic phenomenon affecting travel demand change resulting from a highway supply change is illustrated by a curve, and the existence is postulated of a travel budget for every person. The future travel component-development, natural growth, directed, generated, and existing-are considered in the light of the disutility concepts, and related forecasting tools are outlined. Most travel demand theory sees the propensity to travel arising from a series of decisions. Factors affecting decisions are highway supply or level of service, and tripmaker characteristics such as income, age and trip purpose and timing. One reason why research into the dicisionmaking process has had limited success is that the major source of travel-demand information, origin-destination surveys, has never address the travel decisionmaking process. Future work should address the collection of a behavior illustrative data set, and the framework within which the decision process takes place. Travel budgets would be a productive area for study related to the framework.


> We owe to our families both the ideas that we live by and the diseases that will one day claim our lives.
>
> Marcel Proust, Within a Budding Grove
In Canada, it has long been a given that physicians treat entire families. This notion is so deeply rooted in the culture of family medicine that


Abstract The anti-hero Schwejk, created by Jaroslav Hasek, appears as the spirit of people in narrative form and as Dionysian in nature, throwing the military power of the Habsburg monarchy into confusion and impotence - just by his ›love‹ for it. But beneath this cover can be recognized mercilessness, sarcasm, hardness, defiance of death and internal emptiness. In the middle of war waged on an industrial scale, Schwejk proves to be essentially controlled from within the kind (or species) of machine-hero born of large-scale industrial war. The inorganic outlines of this machine-hero are hidden under the soft, childlike appearance of Schwejk. Under his comedy sounds as a keynote the black laughter of the machine hero.


This lack of public concern for the environment makes education important for environmental education or environmental cleanliness, especially in early childhood, is very necessary as a personality formation and care for the environment, so that our environment and nature are always maintained. To provide education today, you must use media as a learning tool because currently technology has developed rapidly and considering that there are so many smartphone users that can be used and used as educational media tools. So that in this study an educational adventure game based on android has been developed with a short level, easy control and an increased level of difficulty. This game aims to provide education by picking up trash and sorting organic, inorganic, and hazardous waste properly. The method used in the development of this game is the Rational Unified Process (RUP), which includes several phases, namely Inception, Elaboration, Contruction, Transition. While the data collection method uses the method of observation, interviews, and literature study. The result of this research is an adventure game application that cares for the environment towards waste which is expected to be a medium of learning and education for the community, especially for early childhood so that they can find out how important it is to keep their environment clean and to preserve it and develop children's character who is sensitive to environmental cleanliness.


The method of guided-interview on selected questionnaires was employed for the assessment of quality of life in patients radically resected for lung cancer. A selection of thirty patients was done in a group of 151 long-term survivors non treated by adjuvant therapy. An assessment protocol and personal results were discussed.


Revision with unchanged content. HIV/AIDS - two simple and short abbreviations, yet provoking sinister associations with sexual behavior, poverty, sickness and death. Stigmatized in one part of the world and almost selfishly exploited for media purposes in the other. This book delivers an introductory insight into the history of HIV/AIDS and furthermore displays the situation around the world in the late 90s with predictions for the future. The author specifies Tanzania as an example, thereby focusing on sectoral impacts, such as on workforce, macro-economic and other sectors, which are all affected inter- and independently. For Tanzania being a poor country, the book outlines the interrelations between poverty and HIV/AIDS, but also the dissociations from one another. The author wants to address researchers or other groups with an interest in the worldwide situation of HIV/AIDS and who are looking for short and clear demonstrations about the reported and predicted impacts of HIV/AIDS on a country's economy. The individual reader is being motivated to compare the figures in this book with the prevailing figures at the time of reading, so as to fully understand the particular and overall impacts of HIV/AIDS.


In the paper,it introduces that the key construction technic and flow of large span tunnel,crossing and overlapping tunnel,shaft-well in narrow space for large-scale underground-excavated metro station.In order to complete the large-scale underground-excavated metro station in the downtown,construction flow should be determined and the reliability,safety,and quality of the construction should be studied.Through numerical simulation and measuring in site,the best scheme for excavation and support is determined.It is helpful to similar project in the future.


As the rhetoric around parenthood has increased in the political world, so too has the scholarly focus on parenthood within political science and related fields. This article attempts to account for the many ways in which parenthood is political and has implications for the study of politics. In this article, we consider parenthood as a role, identity, and life event that has the potential to shape the attitudes and behaviors of individuals. We also review literature on the constitutive roles that public policies and political institutions play in structuring the meanings and practices of parenthood. In this survey, the unit and topics of analysis differ across areas of study, varying from parent, child, candidate, officeholder, historical era, or policy domain. The literature is also characterized by the use of different data sources, methodologies, and research designs, all of which vary in their ability to isolate the independent effect of parenthood on the outcome of interest and which we acknowledge is largely focused on heterosexual partnerships and two-parent households. The scholarship here is organized around four major themes: 1) Parenthood and political socialization, 2) Parenthood and political attitudes and behavior in the mass public, 3) Parenthood and political behavior among elites, and 4) Parenthood as terrain for state-building and public policies. In this structure, we first review some central works within the literature on parents as primary socializing agents of their children's early political orientations, while also discussing the smaller literature on children as socializing agents onto parents. Second, we examine research on how parenthood shapes the political lives of adults in the mass public. We consider literature regarding how parenthood shapes the policy stances of political elites and literature examining the political attitudes and behaviors of voters and activists. We also review research on how parenthood shapes how voters evaluate political candidates. We then consider how parenthood operates as a landscape for state-building through public policy and political institutions, and how parenthood functions as a social arrangement around which public policies are built. While scholarship outside of political science examines aspects of parenthood with implications for politics, this review covers primarily research within political science. Moreover, we touch only lightly upon topics that have generated vast amounts of scholarship, such as the politics of women's fertility and reproductive rights. Finally, we are mindful that approaches to the study of parenthood that examine how gender, gender identity, race, sexuality, disability, and class converge to shape distinct parenting experiences, identities, vulnerabilities, and policy needs are unfortunately uncommon within political science—we hope this bibliography might underscore the need for such research in the near future. While we primarily focus on work from the American corpus, we include cross-national studies and perspectives which highlight that national context (i.e., role of the welfare state) shapes the ways in which parenthood matters for politics and policy. The authors thank Hayden Latimer-Ireland, Linda Wang, and Anja Parish for their help with the production of this manuscript.


A new kind of chiral diphosphine PyrPhos-functionalized codendrimers have been synthesized via a liquid-phase strategy in high yields. The resulting dendrimeric PyrPhos ligands were purified by a simple solvent precipitation without the need for chromatographic separation, and well characterized by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. Their rhodium complexes were applied to the asymmetric hydrogenation of α-acetamido cinnamic acids. Excellent enantioselectivities were achieved, which are comparable to those with the corresponding small molecular catalysts. In addition, these codendrimeric catalysts showed better catalytic performance than the dendrimeric catalysts with Rh(PyrPhos) sites located in the focal point of poly(aryl ether) dendrons or in the periphery of poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers.


A scheme for highly efficient storage and recall of single- and few-photon wave-packets in solid state materials (here inorganic crystals doped with rare-earth ions) is presented. The scheme is supported by experimental data showing that single-photon absorption effects can be observed in these materials and also how the materials can be tailored for the quantum state storage and reconstruction operation using suitably selected excitation pulses.


Introduction . The nucleus of 1,2,4-triazole is the subject of close attention from a wide range of scientists because of numerous unique properties. Analyzing literary sources, it should be noted that there is a large amount of information devoted to the study of analgesic activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. Consequently, the search for new promising molecules among derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole, which may later be used as objects for the creation of potential analgesic agents, remains relevant, has theoretical and practical significance. The purpose of our work was to investigate the analgesic activity of 14 new derivatives of 5-(furan-2-yl, 2-methylfuran-3-yl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols, in some cases, to trace the relationship between the activity of compounds and their structure. Materials and methods . Studying of new derivatives of 5-(furan-2-yl, 2-methylfuran-3-yl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion on the central component of the nociceptive system was carried out on the model of "acetic acid convulsions" according to a well-known technique. Experimental part . The Analgin and the test substances were administered intraperitoneally in the form of an aqueous suspension. Control group of rats was administered with isotonic sodium chloride solution. The studied compounds and isotonic sodium chloride solution were administered at a dose of 1/10 of LD 50 . Results . Among the compounds that were studied only some of them were close to the results of Analgin, other compounds showed lower activity. But among the 14 substances that were studied, some regularities have been noticed which can be applied for further purposeful synthesis of new molecules. Conclusions . For the first time, analgesic activity was studied for new 5-(furan-2-yl, 2-methylfuran-3-yl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione. It was found that most compounds exhibit moderate activity. The pronounced analgesic effect, which approximated to the reference drug, is attributed to the sodium salt of 2-((5-furan-2-yl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acetate and methylammonium 2-((5-furan-2-yl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acetate. Some dependences of the substituents influence on the parameters of analgesic activity were established.


This paper introduces the process of analyzing and dealing with the problems in the course of the welding of old ascension pipe of synthesis ammonia primary reformer,and then summarizes the matters needing attention in the wielding process.


The mass spectral fragmentations of 2-phenylsparteine, 2-(p-tolyl)sparteine, 15-phenylsparteine, 2-phenyl-2-dehydrosparteine, 2-(p-tolyl)-2-dehydrosparteine and 15-phenyl-14-dehydrosparteine were investigated. Fragmentation pathways, elucidation of which was assisted by accurate mass measurements and correlation between the abundances of the M+• and the selected fragment ions of investigated compounds, are discussed. The data obtained create the basis for distinguishing structural isomers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has vastly impacted individuals worldwide. Millions have contracted the disease thus far; however, the ramifications of containment measures such as quarantine and lockdown have affected many more. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of self-reported anxiety and depression among a cohort of Saudi medical students, as well as graduating medical students' concerns, during this pandemic. This cross-sectional study utilized an online survey that collected demographic data, scores on validated anxiety, and depression scales, as well as the graduates' concerns. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) and the Public Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) scales were used. Cutoff scores for anxiety symptoms were (GAD-7 ≥ 8) and for depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Out of 83 graduates, 55 completed the online survey. Anxiety symptoms were present in 34%, depression was present in 26%, and 19% had both depression and anxiety symptoms. Female graduates experienced higher anxiety symptoms (54 vs. 15%,

 p
 =
 0.004

 ). The highest-ranked concerns were the possible effect of the pandemic on the forthcoming internship year and on the impact on the current academic course. We found high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms during the pandemic among our cohort of medical students in their final year of study. Our findings suggest that medical students in their final years may be negatively affected by the pandemic, where high levels of depression and anxiety coincide with concerns about the effect of the pandemic on the next phase of their vocation.


A three-dimensional geological model integrates a large amount of geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing and borehole data to achieve direct visualization and interactive interpretation, and to assist understanding of deep geological structures, providing foundation for mineral exploration. This work utilized measured and interpreted data to construct a 3D geological model for the Honghai VMS copper (zinc) deposit in Hami, Xinjiang with the Gocad software. The 3D structure model was built to demonstrate the collected data, method and workflow of modeling, and describe the ore body shape and main relationship of geologic bodies in the study area. The 3D grid model with many kinds of attributes shows the spatial distribution and variation of copper ore grade, based on which ore body reserves were calculated using the Kriging algorithm, and a new target area for exploration was determined.


This paper presents a set of motion planners for an exploration vehicle on a simulated rugged terrain. The vehicle has four wheels for its movement and a robotic arm mounted on the vehicle for object manipulation. Given a target point to reach with the hand of the arm, our planners first compute a path for the vehicle to the vicinity of the target, then compute an optimal vehicle position from which the arm can reach the target point, and then plans a path for the arm to reach the target. The vehicle path is planned in two stages. A rough path is planned considering only global features of the terrain, and the path is modified by a local planner to avoid more detailed features of the terrain. The planners are expected to increase the autonomy of robots and improve the efficiencies of exploration missions.


Roentgenologic signs of osteal tissue injuries and type of changes in bone structures, specific for each form of rachitis are studied. Roentgenodensitometry of roentgenograms of children with various forms of rachitis was studied.


The formation of stearate on precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) has been examined. The object of coating the filler surface is to achieve improved mechanical properties in the resulting composite material. The coating of a filler with stearate allows the modification of the energies of interaction, so as to improve dispersion and alter the mechanical properties of the interphase region. In this work, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used to characterise the efficiency of stearate formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to estimate the thickness of the stearate coating on the surface of the filler. By using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA), a variation in mechanical properties has been demonstrated.


One of the greatest compliments I've ever received came from a gentleman who approached me after I had delivered a paper in Vancouver, British Columbia. He said: "You're from the future, aren't you?" He was responding to the manner in which I had considered logical entailments of how future episodes may play out. Although I was trained as a philosopher of science, the majority of my work for the last two decades has been interdisciplinary and collaborative with other fields in the social and physical sciences. As a pioneer in my field - sometimes referred to as experimental philosophy - I often employ the use of thought experiments or "what if?" scenarios to imagine possible future worlds. Thought experiments have been around for thousands of years; from Plato's allegory of the cave (Figure 1), to Rene Descartes' malin genie (Figure 2), to Hilary Putnam's brains in vats (Figure 3).


In order to understand the situation segmentation of beef's production and circulation,promote the further development of the beef industry,we did a market survey for a month in Beijing.The results showed that,there are some problems in our country,for example the lack of uniform standards for beef cuts,naming confusion,large price differences between regions and consumption method unclear.Finally,we some beef value-added approach.


Australian film industry has seen several variations, which shaped Australia's modern cultural landscape, including the rising tide of nationalism in the 1960s and the fall of the Whitlam government in 1975. The main shift occurred when the Fraser government announced structural changes in 1976, which made the transfer of concerns for film culture and the development of new talent from the Australia Council to the Australian Film Commission.


Background: Youth participation (or lack thereof) has been a subject of continued concern over the past 20 years. This decline has prompted huge interest in understanding how young people practice citizenship and in identifying measures that can help increase participation and interest. Purpose: The aim of this article is to examine how young people's citizenship practices change over the course of their adolescence, and to consider the implications for researching citizenship and citizenship education. Citizenship education has been identified as an important vehicle for shaping citizenship, but it is not the only variable shaping young people's practices and outcomes. In order to maximise the potential of citizenship education, it is therefore important to understand the ways in which age and lifestage can influence how young citizens engage with citizenship. Sources of evidence: This article is based on analysis of the longitudinal survey data from the Citizenship Education Longitudinal Survey in England (CELS), which ran from 2001 to 2009. Main findings: Trend analysis of the CELS data revealed notable increases in the cohort's participation in civic and political activities, marked changes in their attitudes, and an increase in levels of interest in and awareness of politics. This analysis also highlighted a 'dip' in some of the cohort's citizenship practices as they progressed through Key Stage 4 of their compulsory secondary education (i.e. when the cohort were aged 14–16). Conclusions: Adolescence is a formative period in citizenship and educational development and young people's citizenship practices change markedly during this period. Age/life-stage is not the only variable shaping young people's citizenship practices but it has a clear impact, and can affect how young people engage with citizenship and, by extension, citizenship education.


IMPRESSED CATHODIC CURRENT for ships' hull protection by two techniques has been proposed, firstly by trailing a wire either from outriggers amidships or over the stern and spreading current from this trailed anode to the ship, or secondly, and now almost exclusively, by attaching anodes in some streamlined form to the hull of the vessel. The problems with the trailing wire anode have been very well aired and described and the mathematics of the system were very clearly stated by the originators of this modern technique, Vosnick and Vissher.1 The problems with hull‐mounted impressed current anodes, however, have to a large extent been glossed over and very little analysis has been made of the size and shape of the anode and more particularly of the size, shape, and quality of the insulation around the anode on the hull.


Objective To evaluate the effect of repairing cartilage defect using tissue engineering cartilage with CD44 monoclonal antibody-biotin-avidin (CBA) binding technique in vitro and in vivo.Methods The tissue engineering cartilages were designed and divided into 3 groups:general group,chitosan scaffold + chondrocyte group; biotin-avidin (BA) group,chitosan scaffold bound with BA + chondrocyte; CBA group,chitosan scaffold bound with CD44 monoclonal antibody-BA + chondrocyte.The levelthrough cartilage damages of load bearing sections were divided into four groups:group A,transplanted with the tissue engineering cartilage in the general group; group B,transplanted with the tissue engineering cartilage in the BA group; group C,transplanted with the tissue engineering cartilage in the CBA group;group D,transplanted with the autologous cartilage.Samples were taken after transplantation for 12 weeks,and estimated by Moran estimate system.The modulus of elasticity and rigidity of the samples were estimated by biomechanics method.The contents of collagen Ⅱ (col Ⅱ) and aggrecan were tested by Western blotting.The samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE),and TB dye,and the Wakitani scores were recorded.Results In the Moran estimate system,the score in group D was 4.48 ± 0.23,which showed no statistically significant difference from group C (P > 0.05),but higher than in groups A and B,P < 0.05.The modulus of elasticity in group D was (20.61 ± 2.02) mPa and the rigidity was (72.28 ±6.16) N/mm.The expression of col Ⅱ and aggrecan in group D was 1.59 ±0.14 and 1.44 ± 0.13 respectively,significantly higher than other groups,P < 0.05.The histologic staining and Wakitani score revealed the more satisfactory repair effectiveness in group D.Conclusion The repair effect of tissue engineering cartilage constructed by the BA technique for the damaged load bearing section of pig knee-joint is more satisfactory than the general method.The effect,however,is much better when the tissue engineering cartilage is prepared by CD44 monoclonal antibody-BA binding technique.Though it cannot be equal to the autologous repair totally,the CD44 monoclonal antibody-BA binding technique can achieve nearly the same repair effect.

Key words:
CD44 monoclonal antibody;  Biotin ;  Adivin ;  Tissue engineering;  Cartilage damage


Introduction: The "climate" driving change to professional identity The 21 st Century's living and working environment has been transformed by technological advancements, and affected by the trends of globalisation, financial restriction and citizen participation (Innovation & Business Skills Australia Ltd, 2011). Consequently, parent bodies favour the convergence of information and cultural management, sites, and operations.