Purpose To describe the different modalities of internal limiting membrane (ILM) staining for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole (IMH).

Methods Search of the MEDLINE database by using Medical Subject Heading search terms and key words related to ILM staining, macular hole surgery.

Results ILM removal has been closely related with increased closure rates. However, because of poor ILM visibility the surgical removal of ILM is very difficult and poses serious complications. To obtain better visibility of ILM some special techniques have been developed using specific dyes such as, trypan blue (TB), indocyanine green (ICG), infracyanine green or triamsinolone acetonide(TA). Anatomic success rates with one surgery have increased (>90%) however, concern for toxicity has emerged. Patients with ICG-assisted ILM peeling appear to have a depressed recovery of visual acuity compared to those not using ICG. Concentrations of ICG that are <0.5 mg/mL have been shown to be non-toxic in cultures of RPE cells. Infracyanine green is a similar molecule that does not contain iodine and is less likely to induce osmolarity related toxic effects on the PRE cells when compared to ICG. It has been used also for ILM staining in combination with trypan(TB). TB is a second generation vital dye that stains epiretinal membranes (ERMs) directly and ILM to a lesser extent. Thus TB is useful for both macular hole and macular pucker surgery. TA may be also used to help highlight the ILM, although it is not a dye. It does adhere to the posterior hyaloid, making the detection of ILM easier.

Conclusion This review largely reflects the great advent of different techniques for ILM staining. The use of ICG is more toxic when compared with TB. For TA long-term effects have not been well studied.


SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic, is evolving into different genetic variants by accumulating mutations as it spreads globally. In addition to this diversity of consensus genomes across patients, RNA viruses can also display genetic diversity within individual hosts, and co-existing viral variants may affect disease progression and the success of medical interventions. To systematically examine the intra-patient genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2, we processed a large cohort of 3939 publicly-available deeply sequenced genomes with specialised bioinformatics software, along with 749 recently sequenced samples from Switzerland. We found that the distribution of diversity across patients and across genomic loci is very unbalanced with a minority of hosts and positions accounting for much of the diversity. For example, the D614G variant in the Spike gene, which is present in the consensus sequences of 67.4% of patients, is also highly diverse within hosts, with 29.7% of the public cohort being affected by this coexistence and exhibiting different variants. We also investigated the impact of several technical and epidemiological parameters on genetic heterogeneity and found that age, which is known to be correlated with poor disease outcomes, is a significant predictor of viral genetic diversity. Author Summary Since it arose in late 2019, the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) behind the COVID-19 pandemic has mutated and evolved during its global spread. Individual patients may host different versions, or variants, of the virus, hallmarked by different mutations. We examine the diversity of genetic variants coexisting within patients across a cohort of 3939 publicly accessible samples and 749 recently sequenced samples from Switzerland. We find that a small number of patients carry most of the diversity, and that patients with more diversity tend to be older. We also find that most of the diversity is concentrated in certain regions and positions of the virus genome. In particular, we find that a variant reported to increase infectivity is among the most diverse positions. Our study provides a large-scale survey of within-patient diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 genome.


The aim of present investigation is characterization of changed head cabbage forms obtained after seed irradiation with 800 Gy γ-rays 60 Со and in vitro regeneration. There were registered the highest frequency of changes in pollen fertility (83,3% of plants) followed by plant height (66,7% of plants) of M1 generation in generative stage of development. The changes in some characteristics of flower and leaf morphology were observed also. We suppose that except applied physical mutagen in vitro cultivation of treated explants also effect the establishment of genetic diversity in this case. The obtained sterile and low pollen fertility head cabbage lines are of breeding interest for F1 hybrids creation.


We present in this master Thesis the construction of Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of galaxies
located at 0.3 $\leq z \leq$ 2.5. The constructed SEDs will go through the Euclid Near Infrared
Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) simulator hosted in the Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica
Cosmica (IASF; INAF) at Milan, aiming at reproducing spectra expected from the NISP mounted on
the Euclid telescope. These simulations will enable evaluating the spectroscopic survey performances
of the Euclid mission, and confirming that the telescope and its slitless NISP spectrometer will satisfy
the required detection limits for nebular emission lines.
This project was conceived in synergy with the Euclid Legacy Science Working Groups (SWGs), as a
"PILOT RUN" simulation test for spectroscopic data. The PILOT RUN includes a study of the
capabilities expected from the Euclid Wide and Deep fields' configurations.
The construction of the incident SEDs consists in computing a continuum using the Bruzual \&
Charlot(2003) models, calling out best-fit SED parameters available in the catalogs. The nebular
emission Balmer, [NII]$\lambda\lambda$6584,6549, [OII]$\lambda\lambda$3727,3729,
[OIII]$\lambda\lambda$5007,4959, [SII]$\lambda\lambda$6731,6717,
[SIII]$\lambda\lambda$9531,9069 and Paschen lines are added making use of calibrations available
in literature. We refer to common tools and indicators for emission lines analysis such as the Star
Formation Rate (SFR), the Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich diagram (BTP), the Mass-Metallicity Relation
(MZR) and photoionization models. The emission lines are then integrated to the continuum
accounting for the calculated velocity dispersion of each galaxy. A photometric and spectroscopic
comparison of the incident SEDs with observational data is presented in this Thesis.
The incident SEDs then go through the Euclid NISP simulator that mimic the spectra expected from
the NISP spectrometer, generating the simulated spectra.
The PILOT RUN simulations are still ongoing, only part of the simulated spectra have been
constructed, limited to the galaxies from the CANDELS/GOODS-N catalog, corresponding to one out
of the 5 pointings planned to reach the required Deep Survey configuration, in terms of exposure
time. This pointing exactly matches the exposure time required for the Wide Survey configuration.
Thus, we present in this Thesis a first analysis of the available simulated data, and provide a
confirmation of the detection limit specifications for the continuum (i.e. H(AB) $\geq$ 19.5 mag) and
emission lines (i.e. Flux $\geq2\times10^{-16}$ erg cm\textsuperscript{-2} s\textsuperscript{-1}
\mathrm{\AA}\textsuperscript{-1}) of the Euclid Wide Survey. The full set of the PILOT RUN
simulations will extensively complete the first picture given by our preliminary analysis.
We also provide an estimate of the NISP spectral resolution and finally present an analysis stacking
spectra located at 1.6 $\leq z \leq$ 2.0, attesting for the great potential of the method in confirming
redshift determination, a crucial aspect for the Euclid mission.


Abramson laments that there is a crisis in comparative psychology, measuring success by recruitment to undergraduate courses. By employing such a narrow perspective on how to measure the success of a field, the article offers a narrow viewpoint on the issue and, as such, I am concerned that the solutions it offers may be ineffective. I urge academics to look outwards and work with other groups, such as the students themselves. If we believe our field is "in crisis," isolating ourselves is not a solution.

The target article focuses on the recruitment of undergraduate students to study comparative psychology. At a time when research outputs are most often used to measure individual academics (Kelly and Jennions, 2006; McGrail et al., 2006), Abramson highlights students as an integral part of any academic field. I am concerned, however, that deeming an academic field "in crisis" based solely on one measure—the number of undergraduates on one very narrowly defined undergraduate course—is not a robust measure.

There are a number of solutions offered by Abramson in the article to increase undergraduate recruitment to comparative psychology. It is noteworthy that none of them advocate engaging with any of the groups that are mentioned in an inclusive and open manner. Students should be "urged" to study certain courses, public audiences should be "taught" about the topic. What is absent is the suggestion that these groups are integral to finding a solution. There is no suggestion that we should find out why undergraduate students are picking certain modules or whether school leavers selecting psychology as a university course are aware of comparative research in psychology. I am concerned that without accurate information on the causes, we cannot start to devise suitable solutions.

Research by sociologists studying the university choices of school children suggests that it is a complex decision making process. For example, Holmegaard et al. (2014) show that the choice of subject studied at university is not a isolated, single decision, but rather is an ongoing process, influenced by a range of factors. The subject choices of students may depend on factors including which subjects they enjoy at school, their socio-economic background, and the opinions of friends and family (Brooks, 2003; Purcell et al., 2008; Holmegaard et al., 2014). If we are to come up with a range of solutions to the crisis in student recruitment diagnosed by Abramson, we should base them on the best available evidence.

There is no evidence presented that the solutions put forward by Abramson will have a significant effect on the problem that he has diagnosed. There is no discussion of why studying, for example, comparative literature will make students more predisposed to take up comparative psychology. Indeed, we have no idea that these solutions are actually addressing the concerns of students who have chosen not to take comparative psychology. The only evidence that is cited is an informal survey of students on a comparative psychology course, which suggests that they do not define the subject in the same way as the author. It is unclear whether students' choices (both those that opt to take the course and those that don't) would have changed had their definition of comparative psychology been different. Without evidence that this is a problem in the minds of students who are avoiding the course we don't know whether the proposed solution addresses the root cause of the problem.

If we define comparative psychology as narrowly as Abramson (see McMillan and Sturdy, 2015 for a discussion on this) and perceive that there is a problem with undergraduate recruitment then inventing solutions cannot be enough. We need to research what the perceptions of comparative psychology are in the minds of students and prospective students, and what barriers there are to them taking courses in the topic. The students are not empty vessels that need information from a professor to correct their opinions (the so-called "information deficit model"; Gregory and Miller, 2000). Public engagement with science has seen a move away from this deficit approach to one of collaboration, where scientists and public audiences come together to explore topics, identify differences in opinion and discover more about a topic in a manner than benefits both parties precisely because the deficit model was found to be an ineffective way of engaging audiences with scientific research (Irwin, 2014).

By ignoring the need for evidence, we do not know whether Abramson has addressed the correct questions when formulating his solutions, much less whether they will be successful interventions. If there are too few comparative psychology undergraduates and if this is going to be to the detriment of the field in years to come then I agree that we should find solutions to it. We are not, however, going to find lasting solutions by unilaterally designing them without any recourse to evidence. If we are really concerned about undergraduates, we should take care not to treat them as numbers to simply be manipulated. We should engage with and work alongside them to find appropriate solutions.


Routine monitoring of soil moisture is an essential task for proper cultivation of plants. Wireless sensor network will play important role to eliminate agriculture sector'shindrances especially remote monitoring of plants, timely reporting the condition of plants etc. Ultra-latency and high reliability of wireless sensors in the field is major concern in future wireless network.  In this article, automatic sensing of soil pH level and reporting technique has been proposed which will enhance the productivity of plants. Also, a detail case study based results have been projected based on the proposed technique.


Based on equivalent braking ratio,equivalent friction coefficient of brake shoe,train basic resistance and equated gradient,the correlative equation is built up for improving the efficiency of train traction calculation system.The limited speed of emergency braking is the solution for the equation that can be acquired by making use of secondary iteration.This arithmetic can solve problem and obtain more high performance time complexity.


Telephone and radio communications are based on the electromagnetic wave motion in the ether, that may cause electromagnetic pollution. Italian laws provide surveying on electromagnetic emissions, standing on the point of interest with certified instruments for six minutes. Measures carried out according to this procedure are so long and expensive that they can't consider the whole area interested by electromagnetic pollution; so it's useful to carry out a first cinematic screening, to identify areas to be investigated with a static survey. Owing to this consideration, the experimentation has been made as following: using a vehicle equipped with a GPS receiver and a multi band sonde for electric fields, continuous measurements of electromagnetic field can be carried out, combining them exactly with the route. It allow wide areas to be monitored in short times; subsequently data can be joined and processed with a GIS software, represented on a cartography, obtaining information on the position of sources and the distribution of electromagnetic pollution. Methodology can be explained as follow: 1) analysis of the area and design of the routes; 2) cinematic surveying, including position and intensity of electromagnetic field, uploading data into geographical database; 3) building of thematic cartography and three-dimensional models, representing layout and values of electromagnetic field. At last another approach has been attempted, using "AR.MONI.C.A." software, that simulates spreading and intensity of electromagnetic field, starting from technical parameters of transmitting stations. This software was applied to a mobile phone transmitting station located near Agrigento, in Sicily.


An optical microphone incorporating a reflective diaphragm and a fiber‐optic head is demonstrated. The diaphragm is made of a micromirror membrane which is suspended by a silicon bar connected to a frame, allowing for displacement induced by acoustic waves. A compact and simple optical head is implemented by exploiting a single multimode fiber. For the assembled microphone, the static characteristics are investigated in order to find the operation point, defined as the optimum distance between the head and the diaphragm, and a flat frequency response with a variation of ∼2 dB for the range of 0.1 to 2 kHz is accomplished. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 707–709, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21450.


We show, by isotopic substitution OH→OD, that the added loss beyond 1.3 μm in optical fibers when treated in H2 at 200 °C is OH absorption. It consists of a peak around 1.4 μm which is OH overtone absorption and a monotonic increase beyond 1.5 μm which is the wing of the OH fundamental absorption. The amount of OH fundamental absorption due to H2 at 200 °C is much smaller for a P‐doped silica glass than for a Ge‐P‐doped glass.


We prove a central limit theorem for Birkhoff sums of the Rosen continued fraction algorithm. A Lasota-Yorke bound is obtained for general one-dimensional continued fractions with the bounded variation space, which implies quasi-compactness of the transfer operator. The main result is a direct proof of the existence of a spectral gap, assuming a certain behavior of the transformation when iterated. This condition is explicitly proved for the Rosen system. We conclude via well-known results of A. Broise that the central limit theorem holds.


This paper is the third in a series where the author attempts to provide scientific interpretation for mixing of rubber. Each gum rubber exhibits its own characteristic behavior during mixing. In the previous paper, the behavior was identified with viscoelastic properties and failure. This paper describes characterization of gum rubbers based on viscoelastic properties. Methods of describing deformation are discussed with a proposal to use material functions for the present purpose. Non-linear viscoelasticity is discussed with a proposal to use a particular linearization scheme. The conventional characterization methods are discussed concerning the limitations and shortcomings of dilute solution methods and the Mooney index. The linearization scheme is applied as the characterization method most suitable for gum rubbers. A number of examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this characterization method in relating the results to molecular architecture. Finally, the discussion covers processability of gum rubbers and their molecular structure


A new formalism is proposed to correct with accuracy the matrix effects in x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. It has been deduced from Sherman's equations and includes a new algorithm between concentration and intensity, theoretically exact, and explicit expressions permitting the calculation of αij and ρij coefficients that correct for absorption and enhancement effects, respectively. In other words, the concept of correction coefficients is established on a solid theoretical basis. In the second part, it will be shown how to adapt this new formalism to practical situations. From an estimate of composition calculated by the Claisse–Quintin algorithm and an appropriate calibration, the new algorithm is used to refine the estimated composition for greater accuracy. This last approach is equivalent to the 'fundamental parameters' method but is presented in a simpler version adaptable to any mini-computer.


In May 1861 Private James Hudson of the Uniontown Canebrake Rifle Guards, Company D of the Fourth Alabama Infantry Regiment, made an extraordinary statement.1 The thirty-nine-year-old newlywed and slaveholding merchant declared the Civil War was not a conflict between the North and South or the United States and Confederate governments. Rather the South and one man, Abraham Lincoln, were at war. The remarkable notion endured. Reminiscing about the late antebellum and early wartime years in 1916, Ella Christian, an affluent white author from Perry County, remembered the fall of 1860 being "one of great unrest, very different from the easy and careless life of the Old South, for we realized that if Lincoln was elected it meant secession."2 And ultimately secession meant war. The Uniontown Canebrake Rifle Guards of Perry County were organized on January 1, 1861, and incorporated on February 21. BERTIS ENGLISH


VANDELL, DEBORAH LowE; WILSON, KATHY SHORES; and BUCHANAN, NoLA R. Peer Interaction in the First Year of Life: An Examination of Its Structure, Content, and Sensitivity to Toys. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1980, 51, 481-488. 32 firstborn infants (16 boys, 16 girls) were videotaped in pairs at 6, 9, and 12 months. Each 15-min session consisted of toys-present and toysabsent conditions which were counterbalanced across dyads. 3 questions were addressed: (1) Are infants as young as 6 months capable of interacting with a peer? (2) What type of social acts are used during these early encounters? (3) Do toys facilitate the interactions? Successful attempts to interact occurred about 47% of the time. Interactions of the form "social behavior/ social response" were the most common exchange even at 6 months, although less social sequences were also common. Within the exchanges, vocalizations, smiles, and touches were the most frequent social acts. Toys were found to have a significant effect. More and longer interactions occurred in the absence of toys, and every social act with the exception of object related social acts was more frequent in the toys-absent condition. There were indications, however, that the social use of objects increased toward the end of the first year.


This paper illustrates a nodal probabilistic production cost simulation at the load point of a composite power system for assessing operating cost in long term expansion planning of power system. This new nodal production cost simulation model includes capacities and uncertainties of generators as well as transmission lines. This simulation methodology comes from the nodal composite power system equivalent load duration curve (CMELDC) based on the new effective load model at load points. The nodal CMELDC can be obtained from convolution integral processing of the outage capacity probabilistic distribution function of the fictitious generator and the original load duration curve given at the load point. It is expected in future that the new simulation model based on the nodal CMELDC proposed in this study will provide some solutions to many problems based on nodal and decentralized operation and control of an electric power systems under competition environment. The nodal CMELDC based on the new model at load points can extend the application areas of nodal probabilistic production cost simulation, probabilistic congestion cost assessment, analytical method approached outage cost assessment and nodal reliability evaluation etc. at load points in future. The characteristics and effectiveness of this new simulation model are illustrated by a case study of a test system


We have combined a photoaffinity labelling approach to study the molecular structure of the liganded human angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (hAT1). Systematic incorporation of the photoprobes p‐benzoyl‐L‐phenylalanine (Bpa) or p–[3–(trifluoromethyl)–3H–diazirin–3–yl]–L–phenylalanine (Tdf) into each of the eight positions of the AngII sequence was carried out. Since the constitutively active mutant [N111G]‐hAT1 (hAT1‐CAM) had a more permissive structure‐activity relationship, photoaffinity labelling studies were carried out on this CAM‐receptor. The AngII‐photoprobe analogues substituted in position 1, 2, 3 and 5 displayed AngII‐like properties on hAT1‐CAM. Analogues substituted in position 7 and 8 were shown to be low nM affinity neutral antagonists whereas analogues substituted in positions 4 and 6 had too low affinities. Receptor labelling experiments evidence localisation of the peptide N‐terminus in the extracellular space of the receptor through contact with most extracellular elements of hAT1 A single contact with ECL2 was found at position 3 of AngII. The middle sequence elements are still ill‐defined but the AngII C‐terminal is in close contact with the trans‐membrane bundle formed by TMD3, 5, 6 and 7, in accord with previous results (Clement, JBC. 2005; 280:27121). This study again confirms the extended ligand structure in the hAT1 receptor.


Laboratory and field investigations demonstrate that theoretical pressure ratios for pressure wave recorders are correct to within ten to 20 per cent. The theoretically corrected measured wave heights in shallow water are low. The University of California Mark III and Mark V wave recorders are described and typical records from the latter are reproduced. The limitations of the available information on spar buoy damping disc systems for deep water wave measurements are summarized.


This study investigated the innervation of internal genital organs in 5‐, 7‐ and 10‐week‐old female pig foetuses using single and double‐labelling immunofluorescence methods. The structure and topography of the organs was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The investigations revealed differences in the innervation between the three developmental periods. Immunostaining for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP; general neural marker) disclosed solitary nerve fibres in the external part of the gonadal ridge and just outside of the mesenchyme surrounding mesonephric ducts in 5‐week‐old foetuses. Double‐labelling immunohistochemistry revealed that nerve fibres associated with the ridge expressed dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DβH; adrenergic marker) or vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT; cholinergic marker). In 7‐week‐old foetuses, the PGP‐positive nerve terminals were absent from the gonad but some of them ran outside and along, and sometimes penetrated into the mesenchyme surrounding the tubal and uterine segments of the paramesonephric ducts and uterovaginal canal. Few axons penetrated into the mesenchyme. DβH‐positive fibres were found in single nerve strands or bundles distributed at the edge of the mesenchyme. VAChT‐positive nerve terminals formed delicate bundles located at the edge of the mesenchyme, and the single nerves penetrated into the mesenchyme. DβH was also expressed by neurons which formed cell clusters comprising also DβH‐ or VAChT‐positive nerve fibres. In 10‐week‐old foetuses, PGP‐positive nerve fibres were still absent from the ovary but some were distributed in the mesenchyme associated with the uterovaginal canal and uterine and a tubal segment of the paramesonephric ducts, respectively. DβH‐ or VAChT‐positive nerve fibres were distributed at the periphery of the mesenchyme associated with the uterovaginal canal. Some DβH‐ and many VAChT‐positive nerve fibres were evenly distributed throughout the mesenchyme. The clusters of nerve cells comprised DβH‐positive perikarya and DβH‐ or VAChT‐positive nerve fibres. The investigations revealed no DβH/VAChT‐positive nerve fibres or neurons as well as no nerve structures stained for calcitonin gene‐related peptide and/or substance P (sensory markers) associated with the genital organs in the studied prenatal periods.


Circulation and abuse of drugs is one of the national problems that is considered serious by the government, because it can cause damage to the nation's morale. Therefore, the government pays great attention to the handling of drug abuse. In our country, the problem of widespread drug abuse is increasing. The domino effect resulting from drug abuse is also increasingly diverse, and efforts to overcome drug abuse are steps that are not easy to implement. Abusers are people who use Narcotics without rights or against the law. When a person abuses Narcotics continuously, then that person will be in a state of dependence on Narcotics, both physically and psychologically. Narcotics dependence is a condition characterized by an urge to use Narcotics continuously with increasing doses to produce the same effect and when its use is reduced and/or stopped suddenly, it causes characteristic physical and psychological symptoms. Society has an important role in preventing and overcoming drug abuse. For this reason, community leaders can carry out the following things: Understand the problem of drug abuse, prevention and control. Observe the situation and environmental conditions. Galang community potentials that can help implement the prevention, especially parents, teenagers, schools, social organizations in the community in Indonesia. around the environment. Direct, encourage and control the movement of the community.
Keywords: Narcotics, Prevention.


Background: The identification and contouring of target volume is important for breast-conserving therapy. The aim of the study was to compare preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), postoperative pathology, excised specimens' (ES) size, and tumor bed (TB) delineation as methods for determining the gross tumor volume (GTV) for radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Methods: Thirty-three patients with breast cancer who underwent preoperative MRI and radiotherapy after BCS were enrolled. The GTVs determined by MRI, pathology, and the ES were defined as GTVMRI, GTVPAT, and GTVES, respectively. GTVMRI+1 was defined as a 1.0-cm margin around the GTVMRI. The radiation oncologist delineated GTV of the TB (GTVTB) using planning computed tomography according to ≥5 surgical clips placed in the lumpectomy cavity (LC). Results: The median GTVMRI, GTVMRI+1, GTVPAT, GTVES, and GTVTB were 0.97 cm3 (range, 0.01–6.88), 12.58 cm3 (range, 3.90–34.13), 0.97 cm3 (range, 0.01–6.36), 15.46 cm3 (range, 1.15–70.69), and 19.24 cm3 (range, 4.72–54.33), respectively. There were no significant differences between GTVMRI and GTVPAT, GTVMRI+1 and GTVES, GTVES and GTVTB (P = 0.188, 0.070, and 0.264, respectively). GTVMRI is positively related with GTVPAT. However, neither GTVES nor GTVTB correlated with GTVMRI (P = 0.071 and 0.378, respectively). Furthermore, neither GTVES nor GTVTB correlated with GTVMRI+1 (P = 0.068 and 0.375, respectively). Conclusion: When ≥5 surgical clips were placed in the LC for BCS, the volume of TB was consistent with the volume of ES. Neither the volume of TB nor the volume of ES correlated significantly with the volume of tumor defined by preoperative MRI.


An analysis is made for the transient response behavior of the both, outer and inner, thermal boundary layers of a ∞uid sphere moving at constant acceleration with internal circulation in another viscous ∞uid of large extent initially at rest under the condition of large Reynolds and Peclet numbers. The disturbance is initiated by a step change in temperature of either the continuous or disperse region ∞uids. The approximate solutions of the governing energy equations are found by using the inviscid approximations for the ∞ow flelds.


Florence Nightingale revolutionised military nursing practice and transformed negative attitudes towards female nurses during the American Civil War, conference-goers heard last week.


This issue of Exception Children, we think, is exceptionally rich. There are articles examining important practices, policies, and research methods. The first three papers are about "SMART" research design, which stands for "sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial" and provides guidance about how to design analyses of multitiered programs. In our regular reports of research for this issue, we also have three articles. They examine preparing special education teachers, teaching of fractions, and policy for students with visual impairments. In the first article in the special series on SMART designs, Roberts and colleagues explain how SMART designs can be used to understand the contributions of multitiered models of intervention. As most special educators know, familiar models of instruction (e.g., response to instruction and positive behavior intervention systems) require repeated decisions about which students receive secondary or tertiary interventions. Roberts et al. illustrate how researchers can enhance the strength of studies examining those tiered systems. Kasari and colleagues report about how they used a SMART design to study the acceptability and feasibility of social skills interventions for students with autism. Across more than 30 classrooms, the researchers found that both educators and parents had views about desirability, feasibility, and benefits of interventions implemented by both groups. In the third entry in the special series, Fluery and Towson describe how young children with autism started in a large-group dialogic reading intervention and then were given adaptive instruction based on their progress. Although teachers' implementation of the system increased, there were minimal effects on engagement and growth on a vocabulary outcome. These results provide direction for educators examining both dialogic reading processes and tiered systems of instruction. In our first article, not a part of the special section, Theobald and colleagues report results of a study of teacher education. They followed teacher education graduates who had preparation in special education to see how their career paths progressed. They found that whether the teachers were endorsed in both general and special education and whether they completed student teaching with a teacher who was endorsed in special education affected the chances that the teacher candidates would actually take positions teaching special education. Jayanthi and colleagues examined methods for teaching fractions to fifth graders who were struggling in mathematics. In a randomized control trial, they studied whether teaching concepts and procedures with an emphasis on manipulatives, number lines, and writing explanations led to greater proficiency and understanding of fractions. Schles and colleagues examined the provision of services for students with visual impairments. They found that states in the United States provided supports for more than 3 times as many students with visual impairments than the states reported in annual child counts. From interviews with administrators, they learned that federal reporting requirements are inadequate, and they suggest changes in the U.S. system. As readers should be able to infer, these articles represent many different aspects of learning about and providing services to exceptional children. We hope that readers will find that they help advance their understanding of special education.


In this paper, we develop a robust conditional value at risk (CVaR) optimal portfolio rebalancing model under various financial constraints to construct sparse and diversified rebalancing portfolios. Our model includes transaction costs and double cardinality constraints in order to capture the trade-off between the limit of investment scale and the diversified industry coverage requirement. We first derive a closed-form solution for the robust CVaR portfolio rebalancing model with only transaction costs. This allows us to conduct an industry risk analysis for sparse portfolio rebalancing in the absence of diversification constraints. Then, we attempt to remedy the hidden industry risk by establishing a new robust portfolio rebalancing model with both sparse and diversified constraints. This is followed by the development of a distributed-version of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, where each subproblem admits a closed-form solution. Finally, we conduct empirical tests to compare our proposed strategy with the standard sparse rebalancing and no-rebalancing strategies. The computational results demonstrate that our rebalancing approach produces sparse and diversified portfolios with better industry coverage. Additionally, to measure out-of-sample performance, two superiority indices are created based on worst-case CVaR and annualized return, respectively. Our ADMM strategy outperforms the sparse rebalancing and no-rebalancing strategies in terms of these indices.


One layer of attenuated endothelia of continuous capillaries provides a partially selective diffusion barrier between the blood and the interstitium. Ultrastructures of membrane specialization without the known physiologic functions have been found in blood vessel endothelia. The vacuolar profiles or vacuole‐like, membrane‐bound structures, which are larger than plasmalemmal vesicles, have been observed routinely in normal endothelial cytoplasm or in blood vessels challenged by insults in electron microscopic studies. Three‐dimensional information from serial sections is required to understand the organization and functions of vacuole‐like structures in capillary endothelium.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the crucial antecedents of satisfaction and loyalty for the insurance industry and discuss how customer satisfaction and loyalty can be increased.,A large-scale global survey is conducted among 11,736 insurance customers. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling is used to estimate the influence of the identified antecedents of satisfaction and loyalty.,The results reveal a positive relationship between satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty for the insurance industry. In addition, the individual cognitive-based dimensions of anticipated regret and product category knowledge significantly affect satisfaction. Furthermore, co-production and trust both positively affect satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty.,This study identifies relevant antecedents of satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty for the emerging literature of insurance marketing. Future studies in this domain should examine the influence of additional dimensions which were not part of the present work, such as perceived price fairness, service quality, and switching costs.,By installing and maintaining efficient two-way communication channels, insurers can decrease customers' anticipated regret and enhance product category knowledge, which, in turn, can increase customer satisfaction. In addition, frequent and honest communication should be used to build up trust and induce co-production, which positively affect satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty.,This paper identifies crucial antecedents of satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty for insurance companies. This research is timely, as previous works have largely neglected the idiosyncrasies of the insurance sector.


The architectural format of the early medieval monastery, a widespread feature of the Western European landscape, is examined from a cosmological perspective which argues that the garden, known as the garth, at the center of the cloister reconstructed the first three days of creational paradise as described in Genesis and, therefore, constituted the symbolic center of the cloister complex. The monastery is then further interpreted as representative of the cosmic mountain on whose summit paradise was believed to be situated. Outside its walls monasteries as symbolic mountains anchored and defined the focal points of the medieval European sacred landscape.


No placebo-controlled studies concerning hormonal contraception in general have been published and only investigations on biological mechanisms and observational clinical studies are available. Thus associations can be described but not their causality. Experimental studies strongly suggest protective effects of the progestagen component of hormonal contraception against development of estrogen-related (type 1) endometrial cancer. In light of this research it seems biologically plausible that in more than 20 published studies a reduction in endometrial cancer risk was achieved in up to 50% of users of combined oral contraceptives (COC) compared with nonusers. Few data exist for progestin-only oral preparations. However in view of the mechanisms involved a reduction in cancer risk should also be expected. Whereas hormonal dose-dependency has been investigated in only a few studies which showed a stronger risk reduction with increasing progestagenic potency a decreased risk dependent on duration of use has been clearly demonstrated and after stopping COC this effect has persisted for up to 20 years. Possible confounders including family history parity and smoking have been investigated in a few studies with only a minor impact on hormonal effect of endometrial cancer risk with the exception of obesity which was a strong risk factor in most but not all studies. There are obvious differences in the incidence of endometrial cancer in women using COC when evaluated in absolute numbers for Western and Asian countries being about 3-5-fold higher in the US than in Asia. Further research should include the noncontraceptive benefit of COC especially in patients with a high risk of cancer as in polycystic ovary disease and should also include new contraceptive drugs using natural estradiol instead of ethinyl estradiol. Of importance is the question of the potency of hormonal intrauterine devices to protect against endometrial cancer. It can be concluded on the basis of biological plausibility and observational data that COC can strongly decrease the risk of estrogen-related endometrial cancer with an effect persisting after withdrawal of the hormones and a causal relationship for this protection against cancer seems reasonable.


Gloss, as has long been known, is a visual concept far more complex than the present methods of instrumental gloss evaluation are able to characterize. A newly developed measurement principle for g ...


Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of unilateral biliary duct drainage with bilateral biliary duct drainage in the treatment of Bismuth-Corlette II-IV type hilar cholangiocarcinoma in order to provide rational and proper clinical options. Methods Biliary duct drainage was performed in 80 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The patients were divided into unilateral drainage group (n = 52)and bilateral drainage group (n = 28). The clinical data and the therapeutic results of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results The two groups were quite comparable in the patient's age, sex, clinical type, drainage way, preoperative total and direct bilirubin level, white blood cell, total protein and albumin, etc. After the treatment, the mean reduction value of the total bilirubin and direct bilirubin was 82.73 μmol / L and 31.71μmol / L respectively in unilateral drainage group, and was 80.28 μmol / L and 50.89μmol / L respectively in bilateral drainage group, the difference between two groups was of no statistical significance (P 0.05). The survival rate at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 20 months after treatment was 97.4%, 87.2%, 64.1% 49.0%, 41.6%, 33.8%, 14.5% and 7.2% respectively in unilateral drainage group, and was 83.3%, 72.2%, 55.0%, 48.1%, 33.0%, 24.8%, 16.5% and 16.5% respectively in bilateral drainage group, with a median survival time of 6 months. Conclusion In treating patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma of Bismuth-Corlette II-IV type, unilateral biliary duct drainage can be employed instead of bilateral biliary duct drainage, which has no poor influence on the median survival time.


NIDDM appears to be an inherited condition. Our aim was to identify early metabolic abnormalities in non‐diabetic offspring with one NIDDM parent and with a strongly positive (n = 58, age 27.8 ± 7.0 years) or a negative family history (n = 38, age 27.4 ± 6.7 years) of diabetes. These were compared with 31 offspring of non‐diabetic parents (age 26.9 ± 5.5 years). After an overnight fast, blood was taken for glucose, insulin, C‐peptide, insulin receptors, and lipids. All the subjects underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The positive family history group had significantly higher fasting levels of triglycerides (1.09 ± 0.24 vs control subjects: CS: 0.93 ± 0.16 mmol l−1, p < 0.001), insulin (102.8 ± 46.4 vs CS: 77.5 ± 32.4 pmol l−1, p < 0.01) and C‐peptide (0.69 ± 0.22 vs CS: 0.61 ± 0.19 nmol l−1, p < 0.05) and lower numbers of insulin receptors per red cell (9.1 × 103 (4.5–18.1, 95 % confidence intervals) vs CS: (11.2 × 103 (6.3–19.9)), p < 0.01, despite similar blood glucose levels. After a glucose challenge (120 min), the increases in both insulin and C‐peptide concentrations were significantly greater in the positive family history group (289.2 ± 214.1 pmol l−1, 2.23 ± 1.48 nmol l−1), respectively, than in CS (192.4 ± 170.3 pmol l−1, p < 0.05) (1.54 ± 0.99 nmol l−1 p < 0.01), respectively. No significant differences were found in fasting and post‐challenge glucose levels. The negative family history group had significantly lower numbers of insulin receptors 9.4 × 103 (4.1–15.2) compared with CS (p < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity was significantly reduced in the positive family history group (41.6 %) compared with control subjects (51.9 %), p < 0.01. The results strongly support the familial basis of the disease.


A survey carried out on 361 patients recorded from 2008 to 2010 in the Service of Urology and Andrology of the Yaounde Central hospital shows that 40.72% of cases are due to the prostatic ailments, in which 29.64% of cancer or adenocarcinoma of prostate (ADK). The analysis of the information gathered from 50 patients permitted to raise 9 risk factors of prostatic illnesses and the most elevated age is the major factor. Reports on plants used from 30 phytotherapists yielded 265 quotations, about 33 medicinal plant species belonging to 24 families, which are used to prepare 26 different remedies to treat each prostatitis, prostate adenoma and prostate cancer.


The main objective of this paper is aim to take fatigue reliability updating evaluation of hydraulic steel gate based on the Bayes theorem. The fatigue cracks can be detected for existing structures, and fatigue reliability assessment can be updated by the nondestructive inspection. In this paper, based on the probabilistic characteristics for NDI techniques and the Bayes theorem, a fatigue reliability updating assessment model for existing steel gate components is proposed. The results showed that the fatigue reliability will increase with no cracks detected, decrease with unknown cracks detected, and change remarkably with cracks detected.


Objective To discuss the treatment of supracondylar fractures of humerus in children.Methods 30 cases with supracondylar fractures of humerus,including 20 boys and 10 girls,were observed in the present study.The fraction was fixed with internal fixation with Kirschner pins.After operation,the patients were treated with plaster cast together with external application of Chinese medicine and small needle knife,and were followed up for 1-5 years.Results All the cases healed without any complications.There were 8 cases with excellent effect,1 case with fine effect and 1 with fair effect.The fineness rate reached 95%.Conclusion It is effective to treat supracondylar fractures of humerus in children with small needle knives combined with external application of Chinese medicine.


We present a model of investment booms in rational and frictionless capital markets where there is systematic overinvesting (relative to the efficient capital allocation) in low productivity firms even asymptotically because of strategic information manipulation by privately informed insiders. However, such an allocation is constrained-efficient with respect to the informational imperfections and limited commitment by capital markets regarding investment policies that are inefficient ex post. For an open set of parameters investors endogenously get "stuck" at an overoptimistic level of (posterior) expectations on the industry productivity, and the useful information of managers of newly entering firms ceases to get incorporated in their investment decisions, even though there is optimal incentive contracting through optimal wage contracts and renegotiation-proof investment plans. Then, even in the limit, learning on the true industry productivity may not be complete. Our model helps explain in a Bayes-rational framework the historically observed confluence of innovations, strategic information manipulation by insiders, and investment booms that result, in the long run, in industry-wide overcapacity.


The 999th Lecture to be given before the Royal Aeronautical Society " The Importance of Time in Aircraft Manufacture " by Air Commodore F. R. Banks, C.B., O.B.E., F.R.Ae.S. was given on 17th October 1956 at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Great George St., London, S.W.I. Mr. E. T. Jones, C.B., O.B.E., F.R.Ae.S., President of the Society, was in the Chair. Opening the meeting, Mr. Jones said:— This evening marked the opening of the Society's 1956-57 Lecture season in so far as the London district was concerned. Actually, two Main Lectures had already been given at Branches; the first at Derby and the second at Henlow and at both there was a large and appreciative audience. It was gratifying that these early Main Lectures at the Branches had been received so well. He mentioned this because out of nine Main Lectures this session four were planned to take place at Branches, and that was quite an innovation. It was, he thought in 1948 that Council thought it would be a good thing if a few of the Main Lectures each session were held at the Branches and, so to speak, take the Society now and again to the Branches. He was sure they would agree that that was a good thing to do. There might be some present from the Branches and he had no doubt there would be reciprocal response in the Branches' members coming to lectures in London. Now it was his pleasant duty to introduce their Lecturer. Actually of course he did not require any introduction. Air Commodore Banks, as they well knew, was a Lecturer of some importance. He had lectured many times to this Society and, indeed, to other Societies in other countries. He was a Fellow of their Society, a Companion of the Bath, an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and, what was a little more unusual in their Lecturers, he was a Commander of the French Legion d'Honneur and a Commander of the United States Legion of Merit. He had a particular distinction in respect of the subject he was speaking on tonight. He started life as an engineer. He then became an aviation fuels specialist. Then he became Director-General of Engine Production in the Ministry of Aircraft Production, and later changed from Production to Development and became Director of Engine Development in the same Ministry. He then went back to his first love, fuels, and returned again for sixteen months to the post of Principal Director of Engine Research and Development at the Ministry of Supply, when at that point of time this Ministry was rather hard put to get the right man in the right job. He was now a Director of The Bristol Aeroplane Company and was also on the Boards of Bristol Aero Engines Ltd. and Bristol Aircraft Ltd.


Research using the public goods game to examine behaviour in the context of social dilemmas has repeatedly shown substantial individual differences in patterns of contributions to the public good. We present here a new method specifically designed to capture this heterogeneity in play and classify participants into broad categories or types. Players in groups of four made initial, simultaneous contributions to the public good. Subsequently, players were sequentially told the current aggregate contribution to the public good and allowed to change their decision based on this information. The game continued, with players updating their contribution decision until the game ended at an unknown point. By looking at the relationship between players' contributions and the aggregate value they observed, we were able to cleanly classify 82% of our players into three types: strong free riders (28%), conditional cooperators of reciprocators (29%), and strong cooperators (25%). We also found that scores on some of the personality dimensions we investigated (self‐monitoring, self‐esteem, neuroticism, and conscientiousness) correlated with player type. Finally, males were found to be more likely to be strong cooperators than females. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Oil spills impact natural and built environments, people and communities, food chain, and wildlife, and the road to full recovery is often long and costly to businesses, contractors, communities, and local governments. Existing oil spill detection methods including in-situ measurements and remote sensing primarily depend on involving skilled personnel in data collection, processing, and analysis, which could be expensive, slow, and subjective (influenced by prior experience, and judgment of problem parameters or solution space). In addition, oil pipelines and platforms can be located in remote and harsh areas, making it difficult and even hazardous for engineers to conduct timely inspections. Applying artificial intelligence (AI) can streamline this process and create more objective measures of oil spill and leakage detection. In this research, deep learning models, namely VGG-16 and mask R-CNN (mask regionbased convolutional neural network) are employed to identify and locate oil spills. These models represent state-of-the-art object recognition algorithms in computer vision. Red-green-blue (RGB) training images are collected using semi-supervised learning (i.e., keyword search) from the web. This initial visual dataset consists of a diverse set of photos taken by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or first-person cameras from previous oil spill accidents. The methodology consists of model training and validation, image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. The VGG16 model is used for image classification (to predict the existence of oil spill in an image) and yields an accuracy of ~93%. The mask R-CNN model is used for instance segmentation (to detect oil spills and marking their boundaries at pixel-level) and yields average precision and recall of 61% and 70%, respectively. Results can create opportunities for advancing the current practice of integrating AI and data analytics into downstream and upstream operations in the oil and gas industry, as well as enabling non-intrusive techniques for detection of environmental pollutants.


A frequency-tuning method with a high tuning sensitivity is difficult to control precisely or even cause the pull-in phenomenon before attaining the desired frequency. Here, the sensitivity is defined by the rate of change of the frequency with respect to the bias voltage. In this paper, a two-stage tuning technique is proposed to overcome fundamental challenges of MEMS vibration energy harvesting from low-frequency applications. The technique can significantly reduce the tuning sensitivity in comparison with previous tuning methods. In our particular example designs, when the frequency is tuned from 1 kHz to 50 Hz, a traditional tuning approach has a sensitivity of 495 Hz/V, while that of the proposed tuning approach is 18 Hz/V under the same design constraint. The effects of the tip capacitance are taken into account when investigating the pull-in phenomenon and estimating the theoretical lowest tunable frequency. The findings can provide a further guideline towards the optimal design of MEMS vibration energy harvesters operating at low-frequency ranges.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates a key aspect of possible reputational damage to a company: the publication of criticism of corporate governance practice in the financial press. To understand the valuation effect associated with such criticism, long-run abnormal returns following the publication date are examined. In addition to the initial negative reaction on publication, the companies in the sample experienced further significant risk-adjusted returns of -15,15% and -22,94% respectively over the next one and two years. A decline in future operating performance appears to be an important reason for the poor stock market performance of the companies. These results underscore the importance of investors fully understanding the disclosure of a company's corporate governance practice.


Objective To Assess serum trace elements and electrolytes in Egyptian children with autism. Background The relationship between plasma levels of trace elements in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has polarized the interest of many physiologists in recent years owing to the evidence that the impaired homeostatic regulation of trace elements, their levels in the bloodstream, and their potential neurotoxicity, altogether contribute to the ASD etiology. Patients and methods It is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted on 60 children aged 3–12 years old, both sexes, and all social classes. Results The study showed a highly significant decrease in serum zinc in patient sample, which was 75.53 ± 18.585, in comparison with the control sample, which was 106.27 ± 14.714. It is highly significant, P value is less than 0.001. There was a highly significant difference between zinc/copper ratio and copper/zinc ratio. Zinc/copper ratio of patient was 0.5747 ± 0.14793, whereas for control was 0.9233 ± 0.18102 with P value less than 0.001. Copper/zinc ratio of patients was 1.8433 ± 0.45360, whereas the ratio for the controls was 1.0980 ± 0.17993, with P value less than 0.001. Our study showed that there were no significant differences in serum level of iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and calcium, as well as copper between ASD and control groups. Conclusion The study showed a highly significant decrease in serum zinc between ASD and control groups. There was a highly significant difference between zinc/copper ratio and copper/zinc ratio. There was a highly significant difference regarding zinc/copper ratio between ASD and control groups. There was no significant difference in serum level of copper, iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and calcium between ASD and control.


A nineteenth century drive to protect the morality of white women created the concept of 'human trafficking', and its legacies live on in border control systems and slavery-based campaigning.


OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if risk factors reported for pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, such as HLA-DRB1*1501 allele, past infections with common herpes viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), and level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, were also associated with transverse myelitis (TM) in pediatric patients. BACKGROUND: TM has substantial clinical overlap, especially on initial presentation, with other autoimmune disorders, including MS and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Risk factors for TM are not known. DESIGN/METHODS: Sera were collected from pediatric TM patients and neurologic controls, and from pediatric MS and NMO patients early in disease course through Stony Brook Pediatric MS Centers and the Accelerated Cure/Guthy Jackson Biobank. Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were measured by chemoluminescent immunoassay. Antibodies against EBV (EBNA-1), HSV, and CMV were measured by ELISA. HLA-DRB1 allele status was measured by PCR. Logistic regression models, adjusting for age at draw, were used to compare risk factors between TM and the other groups. RESULTS: Blood samples were collected for patients with TM (n=16), NMO (n=34), MS (n=184), and neurologic controls (n=31). Median ages at disease onset were 12.3 years (0.4-17.0 years), 11.0 years (1.9-17.3 years), and 14.3 years (1.4-19.2 years) for TM, NMO, and MS, respectively. TM patients were less likely to have been exposed to EBV as compared to MS patients (OR 0.021, p CONCLUSIONS: Unlike pediatric and adult MS, EBV exposure does not appear to be associated with TM in pediatric patients. Larger studies are needed to confirm this association. Supported by: TM and some NMO sera were provided by the Accelerated Cure/Guthy Jackson Foundation. The Pediatric MS Centers are supported by the NMSS. KW is supported by a grant from the Dean9s Office Medical Student Research Program at UCSF. Dr. Graves is supported by the NMSS (Sylvia Lawry award) and the CMSC. Disclosure: Dr. Weinfurtner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Graves has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mowry has received research support from Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Krupp has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience, Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, MEDA Corp, Acorda Therapeutics, Betaseron/Bayer Healthcare, Gerson Lehrman Group, Guidepoint Global, Adler, Cohen, Harvey and Wakeman. Dr. Krupp has received royalty payments from Genzyme, Zymogenetics, Ortho-McNeil, and ER Squibb & Sons. Dr. Krupp has received research support from Genentech, Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, Celgene Corporation, Garnett McKeen Laboratory Incorporated, the National Institutes of Health, Slomo and Cindy Silvian Foundation, MS Foundation and the Lourie Foundation. Dr. Belman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Milazzo has nothing to disclose. Dr. James has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc, and Novartis as a speaker. Dr. Waubant has received personal compensation for activities with Actelion, Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Sanofi-Aventis and Teva Neuroscience as a consultant, advisory board member and/or speaker. Dr. Waubant has received research support from Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Biogen Idec and Sanofi-Aventis.


We discuss the ferrnionic description of bosonic string theory, which turns out to be a Thirring model. The relationship of continuous spin to compactification is discussed, and regular solutions with finitely many fields can be found if the spin is a rational number. The relation between Wess-Zumino-Witten theory and SU(n) Thirring rnodel is also treated.


In this paper, we give the relation of double cohomology series constructed by de Rham cohomology and by horizontal or vertical variations in connection space. The relation with family index theorem is also shown.


The surgical approach to the adrenals has evolved substantially over the past decade with the development and refinement of techniques for performing laparoscopic adrenalectomy. At present, the majority of adrenal tumors are removed laparoscopically because minimally invasive approaches result in reduced pain, faster recovery, and fewer complications and because the rate of adrenal malignancy is low. Nevertheless, open adrenalectomy still has a role in the management of selected patients with large or malignant tumors. With both open adrenalectomy and laparoscopic adrenalectomy, several different surgical approaches to the adrenals are possible [see Operative Planning, Choice of Procedure, below]. Regardless of the particular approach followed, the keys to successful adrenalectomy are the same: proper patient selection for operation, a solid understanding of adrenal pathophysiology, and a thorough knowledge of adrenal anatomy.


"Testosterone boosters" (TB)—are supplements that are claimed to increase testosterone levels in the human body. While the consumption of TB may be popular among athletes, there is insufficient evidence both about the safety and the real efficacy of TB. In our review, we searched MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Library for studies on the effects of 15 substances that are claimed to increase testosterone levels Anacyclus pyrethrum; Bulbine natalensis; Epimedium (horny goat weed); L-arginine; L-carnitine; magnesium; Mucuna pruriens; pantothenic acid; selenium; shilajit Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali); Serenoa repens (saw palmetto); boron; Withania somnifera (ashwagandha); and Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) in athletes and healthy adults under 55 years of age. We found such studies regarding 10 out of 15 substances: L-arginine (3 studies); L-carnitine (2); magnesium (1); selenium (2); shilajit (1); Tongkat Ali (2); Serenoa repens (1); boron (3); ashwagandha root (2); and fenugreek (7). Many of them fail to prove the efficacy of these substances to increase testosterone levels. Tongkat Ali, ashwagandha, and fenugreek were the substances with the strongest evidence. The positive effect of magnesium and shilajit on testosterone concentration was shown in single studies. Conflicting data found that L-arginine, L-carnitine, Serenoa repens, selenium and boron do not appear to increase testosterone levels. There are almost no data on the safety profile of various TB components; however, certain TB components may be linked to coagulation, and pancreatic and hepatic disorders. Based on the review, the authors conclude that at present TB cannot be recommended for use by athletes due to insufficient data on their efficacy and safety.


The present invention relates to peptide compounds of general formula (I) Furthermore, the present invention relates, firstly, a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one peptide of general formula (I), in a cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable and, on the other hand its use to prevent or treat the cutaneous signs of aging and protect the skin against aggressions due to UV radiation. Finally, the invention relates to a cosmetic process for preventing and / or to fight against cutaneous signs of aging and protect the skin against aggressions due to UV radiation.


A series of poly(3,4-alkylenedioxypyrrole)s are reported as a new class of electronically conducting polymers exhibiting especially low oxidation potentials from ca. −0.6 to −0.4 V vs Fc/Fc+ (equivalent to −0.15 to +0.05 V vs SCE) as desired for ambient stability of the doped and conducting states. These polymers exhibit unique combinations of multicolor electrochromism, switching from a red or orange neutral state to a light blue/gray doped state, passing through a darker intermediate state (brown), as examined by in situ colorimetry. High spectral contrast ratios have been measured throughout the visible region with a maximum Δ%T = 76% at 534 nm for poly[3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)pyrrole) (PProDOP−(CH3)2). PProDOP−(CH3)2 exhibits outstanding redox switching stability, being able to undergo 40 000 deep double-potential switches between its doped and neutral states (1 s, Δ%Tmax = 76%) while retaining more than 90% of its electroactivity. A high level of stability to overoxidation has also been obser...


By means of literature research,the authors examined such a view of some scholars as "the historical fact of Shaolin monks helping the Tang dynasty by catching thieves is irrelative to Wushu",and drew the following con-clusions: "Shaolin monks helping the Tang dynasty by catching thieves" was only one of many military actions of Shaolin monks;the atmosphere of Wushu practicing of Shaolin monks originated as early as the Beiwei period,and quite a few monks engaged in Wushu practicing at the time of the Tang dynasty,therefore the monks described in "Shaolin monks helping the Tang dynasty by catching thieves" should be skillful Wushu practicers,while various interpretations about this event by later generations were their admirations for the fact that Shaolin monks were good at Wushu;it should be further verified that whether the number of monks participating in this event was the thirteen monks indicated so far;the story of "thirteen Shaolin monks saving the king of Tang" was formed only after the period of the Ming dynasty.The process of evolution was roughly as follows: "Thirteen Shaolin monks" was in-terpreted into "Thirteen Shaolin stick monks" from the mid-late period of the Ming dynasty to the early period of the Qing dynasty,then the story of "thirteen stick monks saving the king of Tang" was formed in the early period of Qing dynasty,and interpreted into different versions in the mid-late period of the Qing dynasty.


Introduction:
 Respiratory distress and complications are the leading causes of death among Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. However, several studies have reported multiple cardiovascular complications linked with heart rate and rhythm. We, therefore, aim to investigate cardiovascular involvement among ALS patients further.

 Methods:
 Data from the 2019 National Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and partners were analyzed to estimate the presence of multiple cardiovascular events in patients with a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the United States via their respective ICD-10 codes. The risk of cardiopulmonary resuscitations and mortality rates were also estimated via multivariate regression models, accounting for different variables.

 Results:
 We identified 12,865 cases of ALS in the United States. Different cardiac arrhythmias were recorded, such as supraventricular tachycardia (2.1%), ventricular tachycardia (1.7%), ventricular fibrillation (0.2%), and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (3.8%), and long QT syndrome (0.6%). Several cases of heart blocks were also observed as 0.4% had a first degree, 0.3% had a second degree, and 0.3% had third-degree atrioventricular blocks. 10.7% also had a diagnosis of heart failure, and 565 (4.4%) patients had an old myocardial infarct. Finally, we found 160 (1.2%) cases of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which had a higher risk of occurring among diabetics (aOR 1.922, 95%CI 1.383-2.670, p<0.01) and patients with hypertension (aOR 1.516, 95% CI 1.007-2.134, p=0.017), while it was less common among Females (aOR 0.527,95% CI 0.368-0.755, p<0.01). The adjusted odds ratio of death in ALS patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 14.910 (95% CI 9.760-22.78, p<0.01).

 Conclusions:
 Several cardiac arrhythmias can be observed among ALS patients. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation has a poorer outcome, and physicians treating ALS patients should be advised to watch for early changes, which may help reduce the need for CPR.


A 10-year time series of ocean colour products has been assembled for the European Seas from the SeaWiFS and MODIS full resolution satellite imagery. The JRC ocean colour archive is first briefly described. Then the study focuses on the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of standard products such as the chlorophyll a pigment concentration and the diffuse attenuation coefficient. The European seas are partitioned into a set of specific regions for which average time series are derived and analysed in terms of seasonal and inter-annual variability. Finally, a statistical analysis yields a decomposition of the series into seasonal, irregular and linear trend components, thus providing a classification of the European waters on the basis of their temporal variations.


Intrinsically disordered pr oteins a nd c omplex m ultidomain proteins are ch aracterized b y dynamic ensembles of conformations that cannot be une- quivocally de scribed by t raditional s tatic te rms o f s tructural b iology. These states of proteins are critical in understanding their function at the atomic level, which will eventually l ead t o extending the structure-function paradigm to es- tablish "unstructural biology" as a new field (1). The functional importance of structural dynamics a nd complexity n ecessitates n ew s tandards an d pr otocols for the description of structural ensembles, also termed "supertertiary" structure in the case of very large proteins composed of a combination of folded and dis- ordered el ements (2). Here we w ill 1) outline the development of a new data- base (pE-DB) that is d esigned to hold structural ensembles of pr oteins (3), 2) show through a few examples (PSD95, CBP) current experimental efforts to de- scribe structural complexity at the supertertiary structural level, and 3) describe a novel bioinformatics tool, DynaMine, developed for predicting backbone dy- namics from amino acid sequence.


The 34th session of the international Law Commission was held in Geneva from May 3 to July 23, 1982, and was chaired by the Commission's dean, Professor Paul Reuter of France. This was the first meeting of the Commission in its new and enlarged composition. Its composition was new in the sense that all of its members were beginning a new 5-year term of office, the term of the former Commission having expired at the end of 1981. It was enlarged as a result of a decision taken by the General Assembly at its session in the fall of 1981 to expand the membership of the ILC from 25 to 34.


Fungi produce a variety of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) during primary and secondary metabolism. The fungus, Aspergillus flavus, is a human, animal and plant pathogen which produces aflatoxin, one of the most carcinogenic substances known. In this study, MVOCs were analyzed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with GCMS from two genetically different A. flavus strains, an aflatoxigenic strain, NRRL 3357, and a non-aflatoxigenic strain, NRRL 21882. A PDMS/CAR SPME fiber was used over 30 days to observe variations in MVOCs over time. The relative percentage of individual chemicals in several chemical classes (alcohols, aldehydes, esters, furans, hydrocarbons, ketones, and organic acids) was shown to change considerably during the varied fungal growth stages. This changing chemical profile reduces the likelihood of finding a single chemical that can be used consistently as a biomarker for fungal strain identification. In our study, discriminant analysis techniques were successfully conducted using all identified and quantified MVOCs enabling discrimination of the two A. flavus strains over the entire 30-day period. This study underscores the potential of using SPME GCMS coupled with multivariate analysis for fungi strain identification.


Heavy industrialization, specifically in the developing countries, has generated several unwanted environmental pollution. A variety of toxic organic compounds is produced in chemical and petroleum industries, which have resulted in collectively hazardous effects on the environment that needs immediate attention for remediation. Degradation of these pollutants has been tried through the various mechanism, out of which photocatalytic degradation seems to be one of the most promising approaches to reduce environmental pollution specifically in waste water treatment. Photocatalytic degradation has potential for the effective decomposition of organic pollutants due to efficiency to convert light energy into chemical energy. Additionally, the photocatalytic oxidation process is an advanced technique as it offers high degradation and effective mineralization at moderate temperature and specific radiation wavelength. Among various known photocatalysts, TiO2 is regarded as the one of the potential photocatalysts because of its hydrophilic property, high reactivity, reduced toxicity, chemical stability and lower costs. Therefore, the present chapter focuses on the role of TiO2 as the photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants. The general mechanism of degradation of organic pollutants along with properties of TiO2 as the photocatalyst, existing mechanism of degradation via TiO2 was explained. The possible approaches to enhance degradation via TiO2 nanoparticle along with existing bottlenecks have been also discussed.


The de ter mi na tion of re sid ual strain/stress and tex ture through the spher i cal har mon ics ap proach is be com ing a route of choice for many re search ers. The method can yield the full tex ture-weighted strain ori en ta tion dis tri bu tion func tion for ar bi trary crys tal and sam ple sym me tries. How ever, this ap proach re quires the mea sure ments of interplanar spac ing of the sev eral Bragg re flec tions at mul ti ple sam ple ori en ta tions. Thus, en ergy-dispersive mea sure ments and mul ti ple de tec tors are very use ful. We give an ex am ple of the neu tron TOF mea sure ments car ried out at the LANSCE SMARTS sta tion on the de formed ura nium sam ples. We re port the av er age mac ro scopic strain and stress ten sors, as ap plied to the orthorhombic crys tal sym me try and gen eral triclinic sam ple sym me try of the sam ple. The strain ten sor was de ter mined by the least-squares re fine ment of interplanar spac ings for 19 Bragg re flec tions, as de ter mined from the neu tron TOF. An an nealed ura nium plate was used as a ref er ence sam ple, thus pro vid ing ref er ence interplanar spac ings for all 19 re flec tions. The re sult ing strain and stress ten sors show strong shear com po nents that could not be de tected through the mea sure ments cus tom ary car ried out along a few prin ci pal di rec tions in the sam ple.


The control of pathogenic intracellular protozoa is dependent upon both an innate and acquired (or adaptive) immune response. Innate immune responses play an important role by controlling the early replication of parasites, giving time for acquired immunity to develop, although innate immune responses are rarely able to provide sufficient protection to prevent disease. Understanding how protective immunity can be induced, as well as knowing the mechanisms used by these intracellular parasites to avoid destruction, is critical for the development of new therapies as well as vaccines. This chapter investigates the acquired immune responses important in the control of four intracellular protozoans: Plasmodium, Leishmania, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma cruzi. Acquired immunity to malaria is frequently described as being either antiparasite immunity, encompassing effector mechanisms that kill and clear parasites or parasite-infected cells, or clinical (or antitoxic) immunity. It is widely believed that acquired immunity to malaria rapidly wanes in the absence of frequent reinfection. A recent review suggests that previously immune individuals who become infected after spending long periods in nonendemic areas may develop mild-to-moderate symptoms of malaria despite having very low parasitemia.


The utility model provides a wireless field device that use when the wireless field device that used when keeping watch on the acoustics noise, the system that is arranged in keeping watch on industrial process's noise, the acoustics noise in keeping watch on industrial process. Wireless field device includes: acoustic sensor, be coupled to acoustic sensor's treatment circuit, output circuit. To keep watch on the industry factory building in order preferably to work and to guarantee to accord with the workplace regulation for safety under the noise level in the expectation.


We consider the finite-temperature frequency and momentum-dependent two-point functions of local operators in integrable quantum field theories. We focus on the case where the zero-temperature correlation function is dominated by a delta-function line arising from the coherent propagation of single-particle modes. Our specific examples are the two-point function of spin fields in the disordered phase of the quantum Ising and the O(3) nonlinear sigma models. We employ a Lehmann representation in terms of the known exact zero-temperature form factors to carry out a low-temperature expansion of two-point functions. We present two different but equivalent methods of regularizing the divergences present in the Lehmann expansion: one directly regulates the integral expressions of the squares of matrix elements in the infinite volume whereas the other operates through subtracting divergences in a large, finite volume. Our central results are that the temperature broadening of the lineshape exhibits a pronounced asymmetry and a shift of the maximum upwards in energy ('temperature-dependent gap'). The field theory results presented here describe the scaling limits of the dynamical structure factor in the quantum Ising and integer spin Heisenberg chains. We discuss the relevance of our results for the analysis of inelastic neutron scattering experiments on gapped spin chain systems such as CsNiCl3 and YBaNiO5.


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This disclosure relates to a flywheel system. The flywheel system includes a flywheel rotor which is connected to the rotation axis and the rotation axis. In addition, the system includes a driver and / or the generator connected to the flywheel rotor. According to the invention, the flywheel rotor, is at least 0.85 m, preferably at least 1 m, more preferably has an outer radius of the radial direction of at least 1.30 m. The invention also relates to a flywheel rotor having at least 0.30 m, preferably at least 0.45 m, more preferably, the axial thickness of at least 0.60 m. Finally, the invention relates to a flywheel system comprising a rotor having at least 2.5 tons, preferably at least 4 ton, and more preferably by weight of at least 5 tons.


We measure risk aversion and patience in a non-incentivized way using a representative sample of the Hungarian adult population. We elicit risk aversion with a task similar to Gneezy and Potters (1997)'s investment game and find that females risk about 8.5 % less than males when we do not consider any additional controls. However, even when we add extensive controls (related to demography, region, family, education, employment, income and wealth) the difference decreases only slightly and remains significant at conventional levels. We carry out the same exercise for patience and document no significant gender differences in any specification.


The utility model provides an energy-absorbing mechanism with improved structure for an automobile column, belongs to the technical field of automobiles, and solves the technical problems such as incomplete energy-absorbing effect and complex fabrication process of the conventional energy-absorbing mechanism for the automobile column. The energy-absorbing mechanism with improved structure comprises a fixed bracket fixed outside the column, and at least one energy-absorbing embedded block arranged on the fixed bracket in a sliding manner, wherein the energy-absorbing embedded block is fixed on the fixed bracket through a detachable structure, and an energy-absorbing structure is arranged between the energy-absorbing embedded block and the fixed bracket and used for absorbing energy when the energy-absorbing structure is separated from the fixed bracket. The energy-absorbing mechanism has the advantages of stable energy-absorbing performance, complete energy-absorbing effect, simple fabrication process, low production cost, simple structure and convenience for use.


Abstract The essential oil was obtained at yield of 0.37% by hydrodistillation from fresh leaf tissue of Solidago decurrens Lour collected from Zhejiang Province, China. GC and GC/MS analysis identified 33 components, representing 90.4% of the leaf oil. The main components were δ-elemene (30.8%), β-elemene (6.4%), β-caryophyllene (15.4%), α-humulene (3.2%), δ-selinene (2.4%), germacrene D (4.5%), and ledene oxide-(II) (13.1%).


This paper presents experimental results for the vibration characteristics of the small unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) OPKO 300, which was designed and manufactured by Daewoo ship and Marine Engineering Ltd. The autonomy of UUVs has led to an increase in their use in scientific, military, and commercial areas because their autonomy makes it possible for UUVs to be utilized instead of humans in hazardous missions such as mine countermeasure missions (MCM). Since it is impossible to use devices based on electromagnetic waves to gather information in an underwater environment, only sonar systems, which use sound waves, can be used in underwater environments, and their performance can strongly affect the autonomy of a UUV. Since a thruster system, which combines a motor and propeller in a single structure, is widely used as the propulsion system of a UUV and is mounted on the outside of a UUV's stern, it can generate vibration, which can be transferred throughout the shell of the UUV from its stern to its bow. The transferred vibration can affect the performance of various sonar systems such as side-scan sonar or forward-looking sonar. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the effect of the transferred vibration of the UUV on the sonar systems. Even if various numerical methods were used to analyze the vibration problem of a UUV, it would be hard to predict the vibration phenomena of a UUV at the initial design stage. In this work, an experimental study using OKPO 300 and an impact hammer was carried out to analyze the vibration feature of a small real UUV in the air. The frequency response function of the vibration based on the experimental results is presented.


In one embodiment, the user equipment (UE) determines to initiate a communication session with at least one other UE is arbitrated by the application server. UE determines to request the start of a communication session by the application server, the type of communication session (e.g. delay sensitive, PTT, etc.) the size of the call message sent by and / or UE. UE based at least in part on the size of the determined type of communication session and / or the determined call message, to select a reverse link channel for transmitting a call message. UE transitions to a given state that supports transmission on the reverse link channel selected (e.g. CELL_FACH, etc. CELL_DCH). The UE, after moving to a given state, sends a call message on a reverse link channel selected.


Substructures of dark matter halo, called subhalos, provide important clues to understand the nature of dark matter. We construct a useful model to describe the properties of subhalo mass functions based on the well-known analytical prescriptions, the extended Press-Schechter theory. The unevolved subhalo mass functions at arbitrary mass scales become describable without introducing free parameters. The different host halo evolution histories are directly recast to their subhalo mass functions. As applications, we quantify the effects from (i) the Poisson fluctuation, (ii) the host mass scatter, and the (iii) different tidal evolution models on observables in the current Universe with this scheme. The Poisson fluctuation dominates in the number count of the mass ratio to the host of $\sim {\cal O}(10^{-2})$, where the intrinsic scatter is smaller by a factor of a few. The host-mass scatter around its mean does not affect the subhalo mass function. Different models of the tidal evolution predict a factor of ∼2 difference in numbers of subhalos with $\lesssim {\cal O}(10^{-5})$, while the dependence of the Poisson fluctuation on the tidal evolution models is subtle. The scheme provides a new tool for investigating the smallest-scale structures of our Universe which are to be observed in near future experiments.


Let G(V,E) be an undirected graph. The Harmonious coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring in which each pair of colors appears on at most one pair of adjacent vertices. The Harmonious chromatic number is minimum number of colors needed for the harmonious coloring of G. In this paper we investigate the harmonious chromatic number of middle and central graph of some special graphs.


The invention provides a resonant type pressure sensor. The sensor comprises a sensor body, a pressure-sensitive film is formed at the bottom of the sensor body, a first resonator and a second resonator are formed on the pressure-sensitive film, the two resonators have the same intrinsic frequency, sensitivities, to the pressure P acting on the pressure-sensitive film, of the two resonators are equal, the first resonator is located in the center of the pressure-sensitive film, and the second resonator is located on the edge of the pressure-sensitive film. According to the resonant type pressure sensor, the two resonators are adopted, pressure characteristics of the sensor are represented by means of differential frequency output, influences of temperature factors are reduced, and pressure sensitivity and linearity of the sensor are improved. Temperature characteristics of the sensor are represented by means of sum frequency output for sensor temperature compensation, and the use temperature range of the sensor is widened.


Significance Adolescence is a period during which there are important changes in behavior and the structure of the brain. In this manuscript, we use theoretical modeling to show how improvements in working memory and reinforcement learning that occur during adolescence can be explained by the reduction in synaptic connectivity in prefrontal cortex that occurs during a similar period. We train recurrent neural networks to solve working memory and reinforcement learning tasks and show that when we prune connectivity in these networks, they perform the tasks better. The improvement in task performance, however, can come at the cost of flexibility as the pruned networks are not able to learn some new tasks as well.


Analyzing outputs of seven climate models participating in the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project, this study performs multi-model projection of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency over the Western North Pacific basin, with an emphasis on the spatial contrast. By evaluating reproducibility of the spatio-temporal distribution of the genesis frequency, we select five models to perform the multi-model projection. All five models and multi-model ensemble project eastward shift of the Main Development Region (MDR) of TCs located around the Philippines. This is probably caused by changes in dynamical environmental conditions such as lower-tropospheric relative vorticity and vertical shear of horizontal wind. Projected changes in the activity of tropical depression-type disturbances, which are candidates for seeds of TCs, may also contribute to the eastward shift. These projections are basically consistent with earlier results that Yokoi and Takayabu (2009) obtained from outputs of a previous generation of climate model experiments. In addition, this study projects increases in the genesis frequency over a region east of Taiwan and the South China Sea, which are inconsistent with Yokoi and Takayabu (2009).


Chitosan derivative, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)TEPA-type chitosan resin, was chemically modified by chloromethyloxirane and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The uptake behaviour of resin towards Cd(II) was studied in aqueous medium, where the maximum adsorption capacity of the resin was 314.1mg/g at pH 8.0 and 25°C. Kinetic studies referred that the uptake reaction is pseudo second order. The uptake reaction is a monolayer and found to be endothermic. Interference of other cations and anions in Cd(II) adsorption was found to be significant. The resin was regenerated effectively (desorption ratio-98%) using a mixture of 2M NaCl and 0.5M, and can be regenerated many times as well as stable performance in adsorption of Cd(II).


A two element closely spaced microstrip MIMO antenna with improved isolation characteristics is proposed. An inverted fork-shaped decoupling (IFSD) structure is placed between two closely spaced radiating elements, having. edge-to-edge spacing. Further, a rectangular slot is designed on each radiating element to fill the null in the antenna broadside radiation pattern. The isolation ($S_{\mathbf{21}} and S_{\mathbf{12}}$) of more than 20 dB at 5.5 GHz is achieved using the proposed technique. Antenna elements provide a very good impedance matching ($S_{\mathbf{11}} \lt-15$ dB) at 5.5 GHz. Implementation of IFSD structure and slot provide enhanced isolation of 65.39% compared to MIMO system without proposed technique. The proposed MIMO antenna structure having effective dimensions of. $0.86 \lambda_{0} \times 0.64 \lambda_{0}$.is simple to design and low in cost. The total-active-reflection- coefficient (TARC) and envelope-correlation-coefficient (ECC) of the antenna are below 0.3 and 0.005 respectively. The proposed structure is fabricated and measured.


Picea glauca and P. amithiana were successfully crossed. Crossability ranged from 2 to 30 percent depending on the female P. glauca parent tree. Early characteristics and growth in Wisconsin and in New Brunswick are described. P. smithiana relatedness in the genus is discussed


Objective To analyze the clinical effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on multiple myeloma. Methods Seventy-two cases underwent autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in our hospital from October2006 to 2010 were selected as the subjects. All the patients were given corresponding treatment before autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and appropriate maintenance and consolidation treatment after the transplantation.The treatment effect was evaluated from the indexes of rate of complete remission(CR), overall response rate(CR+VGPR),rate of overall survival(OS), and progression-free survival(PFS). Results Of the 72 patients, 41.67% had CR, 33.33% had VGPR, 25.00% had partial remission(PR), the overall response rate(CR+VGPR) was 75.00%. Conclusion Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has good effect on multiple myeloma.


Reverse engineering tools aimed at facilitating software maintenance suffer from low adoption. Many are developed, but few are used by software engineers in performing their maintenance work. We introduce an approach for tool design that is aimed at increasing the adoptability potential of tools.Our approach is based on applying cognitive analysis to identify cognitively difficult aspects of maintenance work, then deriving cognitive requirements to address these difficulties. The approach is described in the context of the implementation of a reverse engineering tool we call DynaSee, which we have used to for the visualization of traces generated by a large telecommunications system. We describe how DynaSee addresses a specific set of cognitive difficulties.


Abstract This essay forms the basis for the case that contemporary application of the concept of the sensus fidelium as a vehicle for transmitting accurate doctrine relies primarily on shifts in power structures in the first several centuries of the church. By investigating two documents depicting public theological dialogues in the presence of both clergy and laity, Origen's Dialogue with Heraclides from the third century and the Dialogue of Heraclian from the fourth century, I argue that the intersection of a widening gap between lay and clergy with a shrinking importance in public theological debate served actually to relocate the sensus fidelium from the efforts of powerful clergy into the lived churchly practices of the laity.


Background: Breast Care during childbirth was a requirement for the mother who had just given birth. Breast care after childbirth aims so that the breasts are always clean and easy on the suction by the baby.
Objective: find out how mothers motivation in the picture doing breast care at the work-area Clinics Tegalrejo Magelang Regency by 2013.
Methods: research method used is descriptive research with cross sectional approach. Sampling method in this research is purposive sample with the total sample as many as 62 respondents.
Results: based on the results tabulate the data characteristics of parturition results obtained the age of mother mother childbirth most are aged 20-35 years old that is as much as 55 (88.7%) respondents, educational level of the mother most is how SD that is as much as 29 (46,8%) respondents, most mothers work parturition is a housewife that is as much as 55 (88.7%) respondents, mother childbirth most income is Rp 942,000 Rp 1,500,000 – i.e. as many as 56 (90.3%) respondents While the distance of the Home Ministry with parturition mother most is enough that is as much as 54 (87,1%) respondents, and how the mother do most ANC visit was ≥ 4 times that is as much as 60 (96.8%) respondents.
Conclusion: most of the parturition's mother has a high motivation in doing breast care


U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear PhysicsUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0012704]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy PhysicsUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0009913]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User FacilityUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-06CH11357]


To the editor: We read the MINAP analysis by Horne et al 1 with great interest. The authors speculated that the high rates of re-infarction might be related to the administration of the lytic and anti-thrombotic treatment within the pre-hospital environment.

Data from our local audit of pre-hospital tenectaplase …


This paper makes FIRA SimuroSot 5v5 game simulation platform as the background,for the problem that how to maximize the threat of attack in strategy,proposes a selection method of the best offensive player and offensive point based on prediction models.It builds the robots and the ball motion models,according to the established prediction models to determine the effective attack time,which can calculate the offensive players and offensive points.It carries out a detailed threat of attack-degree evaluation to each offensive player and offensive point and selects the best offensive player and the best offensive point.Simulation tests verify the validity of the method.


Objective:To investigate the role of Danshensu on TGFβ1 stimulated signal transduction in rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Methods:The mice HSCs were isolated and cultured for the following study.HSC were treated with different concentration Danshensu(0.062 5~0.250 0 mmol/L)and TGFβ1 to detect the proliferation、α-SMA protein expression and the chang of Smad2,Smad3,Smad7 mRNA.Results(:1)Danshensu in the concentration of 0.062 5~0.250 0 mmol/L could prevent the proliferation of HSC induced by TGFβ1 in a dose-dependent manner(P0.05)(.2)The concentration of 0.250 0 mmol/L Danshensu could downregulateα-SMA protein expression at 48th hour in HSC,with or without stimulation of TGFβ1(P0.01),and the activation of HSC was inhibited also.(3)TGFβ1 increased the mRNA level of Smad2,3,7 in HSC;Danshensu could downregulate the mRNA level of Smad2,3 and upregulate the mRNA levelofSmad7 in HSC induced by TGFβ1(P0.01).Conclusion:Danshensu could restore the normal transmembrane signal of TGFβ1 through upregulation of Smad7 mRNA expression and downregulation of Smad2,Smad3 mRNA expression in HSC.


Newton's theory of gravitation states that every mass attracts every other mass in the universe, but that gravitational attraction of a mass only has a certain reach. Newton's theory of gravitation also states that the gravitational force between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, that is mathematically seen correct but that gravitational force only has a certain reach.