The ambient PM 2.5 samples were collected from December 2011 to November 2012 at the site of East China University of Science and Technology in Shanghai.The concentrations of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon(WSOC) and Humic-Like Substance Carbon(HULIS-C) in PM 2.5 samples were detected.The seasonal variations of WSOC and HULIS-C were investigated.Results indicated that the annual average mass concentrations of PM 2.5,WSOC and HULIS-C were(66.19 ± 28.59),(4.21 ± 1.83) and(2.69 ± 1.36) μg·m-3,respectively.WSOC and HULIS-C were 6.5% ± 1.7% and 4.1% ± 1.3% of PM 2.5 mass concentration,respectively.The concentration of HULIS-C accounted for 62.8% ± 11.8% of WSOC,which suggested that HULIS-C is the predominant component of WSOC.Both WSOC and HULIS-C mass concentration varied significantly in seasons with the following sequence: winter spring autumn summer.However,less variation of HULIS-C / WSOC ratio was observed among four seasons.Generally,the mean value of HULIS-C / WSOC ratio in autumn and winter was comparatively greater,while lower values occurred in spring and summer.Both WSOC and HULIS-C were found to have negative correlation with visibility and wind speed,but positive correlation with API.WSOC and HULIS-C level might be resulted from the integrated effect of various combustion sources.The contribution from local combustion sources should not be neglected.In addition,surrounding sources and long-distance transportation might contribute to higher concentrations of WSOC and HULIS-C under particular meteorological conditions.


The present invention relates to a cable manufacturing system capable of continuously forming a lead sheath layer and a bedding layer at a time and, more specifically, to a cable manufacturing system capable of sequentially forming a lead sheath layer and a second bedding layer at a time in the outer circumference surface of a cable which is supplied from a sender by connecting the sender, a lead sheath covering device, an extruder, a cooling pool, and a winder in series. The cable manufacturing system includes: the sender which unwinds a cable which is wound around a bobbin; the lead sheath covering device which forms the lead sheath layer on the outer circumference surface of the cable which is dent from the sender; the extruder which extrudes the second bedding layer in order to protect the lead sheath layer; the cooling pool which cools down the second bedding layer; and the winder which winds the cable having the lead sheath and the second bedding layer around the bobbin.


IT IS generally recognized that at steady-state conditions less than 10% of cyclosporine (CyA)1,2 or FK 5063 is excreted by the kidney and that renal function has little or no effect on the blood or plasma levels of either of these two drugs. Experimental studies, however, have shown that animals with severely impaired renal function have higher blood CyA trough levels than do controls.4,5 Therefore the presence of renal ischemia and/or nephrotoxicity may have an effect as yet unidentified on the regulation of the CyA or FK 506 blood level.

To investigate this question, the effect of renal ischemia on single and multiple IV administration of FK 506 was studied in rats subjected to unilateral left nephrectomy and contralateral total renal ischemia.


This research is conducted to apply teaching speaking by using live presentation and recorded presentation via WhatsApp application. The research design is descriptive qualitative, the researcher analyzed the eleventh grade of science program in senior high school of Muhammadiyah 9 Surabaya. The purpose of the research is to describe the implementation of teaching speaking on explanation text material by using live presentation and recorded presentation through WhatsApp , the students' responses, the strength and weakness of this implementation. The result was the students could practice speaking English on WhatsApp application as the learning media with two different strategy; recorded presentation and live presentation. The responses of the students were very interest with the media that applied during teaching-learning process. The strength of recorded presentation was students can present better, meanwhile on live presentation, teachers can monitor directly if they have errors. However live and recorded presentation have the weakness. The weakness of recorded presentation was students cannot be monitored directly by the teacher and the weakness of live presentation was the learning time that was less efficient so that it required additional time. Keyword: Teaching speaking, Recorded Presentation, Live Presentation and Explanation Text


The method was introduced for setting up simulation model of an aero-piston engine.The simulation model of an engine with single-stage turbocharger was set up,and the ground performance's simulation computation was finished.The simulation results were coincident with the test data.On the basis of the former works,the high altitude performance simulation was conducted,and the results were consistent with the fly test data.


The current dissertation explores the value of ecosystem services and through various analysis and publishing, presents their socioeconomic evaluation, as well as their utilization in the environments' sustainability. The purpose of this study is to focus on and resurface the most important references on the challenges faced, making a recursion in both globally but also through European data, concluding to an integrated management and harmonization between man (humanity) and nature. An analytical presentation is also made through the ecosystems' influences; the connection between ecosystem services, added in with other environmental values and how these services will be shown through their currently running policies. Finally, protected areas are addressed as a subject of study, since they cover an enormous section of natural capital, as well as their biodiversity; that can socioeconomically be improved.


AUFFENBERG, W. 1965. Sex and species discrimination in two sympatric South American tortoises. Copeia 1965(3):335-342. BURGHARDT, G. M. 1966. Stimulus control of the prey-attack response in naive garter snakes. Psychon. Sci. 4:37-38. . 1967. Chemical-cue preferences of inexperienced snakes: Comparative aspects. Science 157:718-721. . 1969. Comparative prey-attack studies on newborn snakes of the genus Thamnophis. Behaviour. (In press.) AND E. H. HESS. 1968. Factors influ-


Set on a stage of international environmental politics, this study explores the intimate features of cultural identity in the context of small-scale global migration. Research situates itself between anthropological inquiry and real world application as the nation of Kiribati stands on the front lines of climate change. A multi-sited approach was utilized to create a more complete picture of migration through the development of a closed comparative study. Though diaspora populations contributed to and detracted from the maintenance of the Kiribati identity, it was found that widely dispersed populations were able to maintain a virtual global homeland abroad even as their real one was being destroyed by global climate change.


A processor for the one-dimensional inverse Haar transform (1D-IFHT) programmable for N = 8 up to N = 1024, with low latency data flow is presented. It enables on-line computing of both the normalised and the non-normalised IFHT to be performed, with very low nrmse.


SUMMARY Ectopic kidney, common developmental disorder in women with abnormalities of the genitourinary system and in clinic, mimicking adnexal pathologies. In this case report, hydronephrosis developed a pelvic ectopic kidney mimicking adnexal cystic pathology.


Through selecting rational chemical component,controlling the contents of S and P in liquid iron,adding Cu and Mo element in liquid iron adequately,adopting low rare earth nodulizer and using tundish-cover nodulizing process,adopting the compound inoculation technology as well as implementing part austenite heat treatment,the nodular iron crankshafts with high strength and toughness were developed.


The first part of the paper studies the main types of aspectual pairs, while the second part examines the variants of aspectual oppositions which are distinguished within the same type of opposition, that is, regarding even one concrete aspectual pair. In the latter case, the author suggests that a distinction should be made between strong opposition as a lexico-grammatical one and weak opposition without any lexico-semantic modification. The weak opposition is further divided into the trivial type (corresponding completely to the lexical equivalence constraint of aspectual correlates) and the privative type.


Today's organizations are using several techniques and strategies to achieve organizational goals through the people. In a way, incentives are considered as the most important element in motivating and satisfying employees to achieve a high level of performance. Hence proper incentive systems should be maintained by the organizations. Here personal variables may influence the incentive system. In the present paper, the incentive systems in the private sector organizations and the association among personal variables and perceived level of incentives are clearly analyzed with 316respondents from 30 private sector organizations in The Colombo City by using appropriate statistical tools. This study revealed that there is no association between rewards and personal variables, and employees are preferred to wages and salaries, retirement benefits, promotion, performance related pay and challenging job. Further, all levesl of employees emphasized extrinsic rewards, and the level of rewards are found high among females, graduates, middle level and higher income group of people. Finally, certain suggestions are given to the organizations to make suitable alterations in their incentive system. Keywords: Demographic Variables, Incentive, Motivation, Performance. Satisfaction For full paper: email@example.com


Summary Based on the data reported by Fitra (Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency) Region Sumatera Utara from the audit results by BPK (Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia) in the IHP (Summary of Audit Results) for Semester II/2012, North Sumatera Utara is considered as the most corrupted province in Indonesia. It was in the first rank followed by Aceh Province, West Papua Province, and DKI Jakarta in the fourth place.1This anticorruption education is an attempt to build national character as the foundation to prevent corruption conduct. Therefore, early prevention is required through education for senior high school students in North Sumatera Province in order that by the time they get into the employmentwoorld, they will become reliable young generation who will bring Indonesia to achieve just and prosperous society.


Introduction Clinicians typically use findings from cohort studies to objectively inform judgments regarding the potential (dis)advantages of prescribing a new prosthetic device. However, before finalizing prescription, a clinician will typically ask a patient to "try out" a change of prosthetic device while the patient is at the clinic. Observed differences in gait when using the new device should be the result of the device's mechanical function but could also conceivably be a result of patient-related factors, which can change from day to day and can thus make device comparisons unreliable. To determine whether a device's mechanical function consistently has a more meaningful impact on gait than patient-related factors, the present study undertook quantitative gait analyses of an individual with a transtibial amputation walking using two different foot-ankle devices on two occasions over a year apart. If the observed differences present between devices, established using quantitative gait analysis, were in the same direction and of similar magnitude on each of the two occasions, this would indicate that device-related factors were more important than patient-related factors. Materials and Methods One adult man with a unilateral transtibial amputation completed repeated walking trials using two different prosthetic foot devices on two separate occasions, 14 months apart. Walking speed and sagittal plane joint kinematics and kinetics for both limbs were assessed on each occasion. Clinically meaningful differences in these biomechanical outcome variables were defined as those with an effect size difference (d) between prosthetic conditions of at least 0.4 (i.e., medium effect size). Results Eight variables, namely, walking speed, prosthetic ankle peak plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, and peak positive power and residual knee loading response flexion, peak stance-phase extension and flexion moments, and peak negative power, displayed clinically meaningful differences (d > 0.4) between foot devices during the first session. All eight of these showed similar effect size differences during the second session despite the participant being heavier and older. Conclusions Findings suggest that a prosthetic device's mechanical function consistently has a more meaningful impact on gait than patient-related factors do. These findings support the current clinical practice of making decisions regarding prosthetic prescription for an individual based on a single-session evaluation of his/her gait using two different devices. However, to confirm this conclusion, a case series using the same approach as the present study could be undertaken.


The invention discloses a method for health detection for equalized equipment, comprising the following steps: load equalizing equipment sends a non TCP reset message to the equalized equipment, and the non TCP reset message is used for enabling the equalized equipment to generate a TCP reset message; the load equalizing equipment determines whether the returned TCP reset message is received fromthe equalized equipment or not; if true, the equalized equipment is determined to normally work; and if not, the equalized equipment is determined to abnormally work. In the invention, the equalized equipment is in a healthy state by utilizing a reset field indication in a TCP message, and either the load equalizing equipment or the equalized equipment does not need to establish normal TCP connection and can finish a health detection function by expensing less cost.


We present estimates of accumulation rate along a 200 km transect ranging in elevation from 2750 to 3150 m in the dry snow zone on the western slope of the Green- land Ice Sheet. An airborne radar altimeter is used to es- timate the thickness of annual internal layers and, in con- junction with ground based snow/firn density profiles, an- nual accumulation rates between 1998 and 2003 are derived. A clear gradient in the thickness of each layer observed by the radar altimeter and in the associated estimates of an- nual accumulation is seen along the transect, with a 33.6%± 16% mean decrease in accumulation from west to east. The observed inter-annual variability is high, with the an- nual mean accumulation rate estimated at 0.359 m.w.e. yr 1 (s.d. ± 0.049 m.w.e. yr 1 ). Mean accumulation rates mod- elled using meteorological models overestimate our results by 16% on average, but by 32% and 42% in the years 2001 and 2002. The methodology presented here demonstrates the potential to obtain accurate and spatially extensive accumula- tion rates from radar altimeters in regions of ice sheets where field observations are sparse, and accumulation rates greater than several tens of cm.


Exocrine secretion granules from the rat parotid gland contain a carboxyl-terminal peptide a-amidation enzyme resembling closely an enzyme from the pituitary (peptidyl-glycine a-amidating monooxygenase) that functions in post-translational processing of secretory polypeptides within neural and endocrine secretion granules. a-Amidation is a characteristic (often essential) chemical feature of a variety of biologically active regulatory peptides in animals. The parotid and pituitary activities exhibit very similar ascorbate and copper requirements, pH dependence, and kinetic properties. Further, like the pituitary enzyme(s), the parotid activity is found predominantly in secretion granule content and is discharged by exocytosis. These results establish the presence of a novel enzyme in exocrine secretion granules and suggest a potential role of the L-ascorbic acid contained in parotid granules. Two additional findings-the detection of similar levels of amidation activity in purified secretion granule fractions from other exocrine glands and the observation, in parotid granule fractions, of a B-type carboxypeptidase activity similar to that involved in post-translational processing in other systems-form a rational basis for considering whether exocrine secretion granules (like their neural and endocrine counterparts) serve as post-translational processing sites. The identity and functional role of the modified polypeptides remain to be determined. Many biologically active secretory polypeptides, including mammalian hormones and neural peptides (e.g., gastrin, cholecystokinin, and substance P) have amidated carboxyl termini (1). This modification appears to be unique to regulatory peptides, and it has been used as a chemical marker for the discovery and isolation of several novel species with still unknown physiologic function (2-4). It is not known whether a-amidated peptides are also produced by mammalian exocrine systems, but such molecules have been detected in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract [e.g., gastrin (5, 6)], and a-amidated peptides are secreted by exocrine tissues of lower animals (7-10). Polypeptide a-amidation occurs as the final step in a series of post-translational modifications at the carboxyl terminus (11, 12). Following endoproteolysis (distal to paired basic residues) and exoproteolysis (to remove these basic residues) within Golgi and maturing secretion granule compartments, peptidyl-glycine products undergo amide formation in secretion granules. The reaction is catalyzed by an ascorbic acid-requiring enzyme, peptidyl-glycine a-amidating monooxygenase (13), and results in oxidative splitting of the terminal glycyl residue, leaving its nitrogen in an amidated carboxyl terminus on the preceding residue (11, 12).§ This enzyme has been detected and characterized as a soluble (content) component of neural and endocrine secretion granules isolated from anterior, intermediate, and posterior pituitary (12, 14). Further, pituitary secretion granules contain ascorbate at a concentration (1-3 mM) close to that which maximally stimulates activity in an in vitro assay (15, 16). Peptide amidation is thought to occur similarly in other neural and endocrine cells; however, an additional activity with a less stringent substrate specificity has been detected in brain (17). Secretion granules isolated from an exocrine gland, the rat parotid, contain =1 mM ascorbate (18), but no physiologic function of this molecule in exocrine granules has been suggested to date. We report here that parotid granules also contain a soluble peptide carboxyl-terminal a-amidating activity having enzymatic properties closely resembling those of the pituitary enzyme(s). The luminal discharge of this activity in response to acinar cell stimulation and its presence in granules isolated from exocrine pancreas, submandibular, and lacrimal glands confirm its exocrine secretory origin. Part of these studies have been presented in abstract form (19). MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation of Secretion Granules. Parotid glands were from male Sprague-Dawley rats (=150 g; starved overnight), and secretion granule fractions were prepared at 4°C from tissue homogenates (5% wt/vol; as described in ref. 20) by three methods: (i) differential velocity sedimentation using a protocol similar to that outlined in ref. 21 in which the lower portion of the final granule pellet was collected selectively (18, 22); (ii) Percoll (Pharmacia) density gradient centrifugation of a postnuclear supernatant yielding a highly purified granule fraction (18); and (iii) centrifugation of a postnuclear supernatant on linear density gradients containing 0.3-2 M sucrose in 5% (wt/vol) Ficoll 400 (Pharmacia), as described (20). Aliquots of the latter gradient fractions were mixed with 8000 cpm of [14C]dextran (70 kDa; New England Nuclear), dialyzed (2-kDa cutoff) in 20mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.1), and concentrated against polyethylene glycol prior to amidation assay. [14C]Dextran was recovered quantitatively and provided a measure of concentration (3to 8-fold) for each fraction assayed. Subcellular fractions were lysed by three freeze-thaw cycles. Lysates containing <300 mM sucrose (and negligible Percoll or Ficoll) were separated into membrane and soluble subfractions (20) by centrifugation at 100,000 x ga, for 10 min. Highly purified secretion granule fractions, prepared by sucrose/Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, were kindly Abbreviations: D-Tyr-Val-NH2, D-tyrosylvalinamide; Et2NCS2H, diethyldithiocarbamic acid; sodium Mops, sodium 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonate; BzPhe, benzoylphenylalanine. tTo whom reprint requests should be addressed. §The term "peptide amidation" will be used throughout to denote peptide amide formation by such a cleavage reaction rather than by the addition of an amide moiety to an existing carboxyl-terminal residue. 3297 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 3298 Cell Biology: von Zastrow et al. provided by R. Cameron (R. S. Cameron, P. L. Cameron, and J.D.C., unpublished data). Collection of Parotid Secretion. In situ. Parotid ducts of 200-g rats were cannulated following intraperitoneal administration of isoproterenol (18). From acini incubated in vitro. Collagenase-dissociated parotid acini (23) were incubated in Eagle's minimal essential medium (Earle's salts) for 60 min at 370C in the presence or absence of 20 ,uM isoproterenol. Samples were collected at specified times for assay of secretion (a-amylase and amidating enzyme) and cell integrity (lactate dehydrogenase). Peptide a-Amidation Assay. D-Tyr-Val-Gly (Bachem Fine Chemicals, Torrance, CA) was purified by reverse-phase HPLC (24). D-Tyrosylvalinamide (D-Tyr-Val-NH2) was a generous gift of R. Mains (Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine). Both peptides were radioiodinated (Iodo-Beads; Pierce) to obtain primarily the monoiodinated products, which were purified on sulfopropyl-Sephadex (Pharmacia) minicolumns (24). Fractions containing pure 125I-labeled D-Tyr-Val-Gly, identified by TLC on silica (Kieselgel) in 4:1:1 (vol/vol) 1-butanol/acetic acid/water and visualized by autoradiography, were pooled as substrate for amidation assays. Enzyme activity was measured as the production of 1251I labeled D-Tyr-Val-NH2 isolated on sulfopropyl-Sephadex minicolumns (24) and counted at -35% efficiency. Background (no enzyme or boiled enzyme) measured <0.5% conversion. The identity of the parotid granule reaction product was confirmed by TLC after substituting 10 mM pyridine acetate (pH 5.0) for the usual (24) 10 mM sodium phosphate (pH 5.0), eluting the product with 1 M pyridine acetate (pH 5.0), and lyophilizing the product fraction repeatedly prior to TLC analysis. As in the usual washing/ elution protocol, parotid reaction product and synthetic 125I-labeled D-Tyr-Val-NH2 were recovered equally (82-86%), and assay background remained <0.5%. Unless noted otherwise, peptide amidation activity was measured at pH 7.0. Bovine liver catalase (Sigma) was added routinely (0.1-0.5 mg/ml) to stabilize ascorbate (12, 14). Assays were performed in duplicate (agreement within 7% of the mean) under conditions in which linearity with time and amount of granule protein was obtained. Steady-state reaction velocity, expressed as pmol of D-Tyr-Val-NH2 produced per hr at 37°C, was calculated at one or two time points. Carboxypeptidase Assay. We used benzoylphenylalanine (BzPhe; Sigma) and Ala-Arg (Research Plus, Bayonne, NJ) to synthesize BzPhe-Ala-Arg (25), substituting BzPhe for dansylphenylalanine and using preparative TLC on Kieselgel in 1:1 (vol/vol) chloroform/methanol for final purification. The product cochromatographed with [benzoyl-2,5-3H(N)]BzPhe-Ala-Arg obtained commercially (30 Ci/mmol, New England Nuclear; 1 Ci = 37 GBq). Parotid granule lysates (5-20 ,g of protein) were assayed by a modification of (26) exactly as described (27). The extent of reaction (% conversion) is reported as the percentage of total radioactivity extractable into the chloroform phase after incubation with enzyme (27); background in the absence of added enzyme measured <2% conversion. Biochemical Assays. a-Amylase activity was measured by the method of Bernfeld (28); lactate dehydrogenase activity was determined as described by Schnaar et al. (29); and protein was assayed using fluorescamine (30) with bovine serum albumin as the standard.


A novel synthetic procedure for the preparation of poly(oxadiazole)s was developed with nucleophilic substitution of α,ω-alkanediols with oxadiazole-activated bisfluoride. Seven poly(oxadiazole)s were successfully prepared by the solution polymerization of 2,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole and various α,ω-alkanediols [HO(CH2)nOH, n = 5–10 or 12] in diphenyl sulfone at temperature greater than 230 °C with K2CO3 as a catalyst. The reduced viscosities of the poly(oxadiazole)s were 0.14–0.51 dL/g, and the decomposition temperatures were greater than 350 °C and decreased from 436 to 379 °C with increasing spacer length (n). Corresponding model compounds, consisting of two terminal mesogenic 2,5-bisphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole units and central poly(methylene) spacers, were also prepared for comparison. Both the polymers and model compounds exhibited an extraordinary odd–even effect: odd ones showed higher transition temperatures (melting and clearing temperatures). With differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction, we found that the nematic mesophase was the only texture in the melts except for the polymers with longer methylene units (n = 9), in which smectic mesophases were observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 293–301, 2002


Background Gabapentin, a third-generation antiepileptic drug, is a structural analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid, which is an important mediator of central nervous system. There is clinical data indicating its effectiveness in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders. Objectives We aimed to investigate the antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects and mechanisms of gabapentin in rats. Material and Methods Female Spraque–Dawley rats weighing 250±20 g were used. A total of 13 groups were formed, each containing 8 rats: gabapentin (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), ketamine (10 mg/kg), gabapentin 20 mg/kg was also combined with amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). All the drugs were used intraperitoneally as single dose. Saline was administered to the control group. Elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests were used as experimental models of anxiety and depression, respectively. Results It was observed that gabapentin showed an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effect in all doses in rats. Its antidepressant effect was found to be the same as the antidepressant effects of amitriptyline and sertraline. There was no change in the antidepressant effect when gabapentin was combined with amitriptyline and ketamine, but there was an increase when combined with sertraline and diazepam. Gabapentin and amitriptyline showed similar anxiolytic effect, whereas ketamine and diazepam had more potent anxiolytic effect compared with them. Conclusions These data suggest that gabapentin may possess antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects.


The Chinese Community Social Work Professional Conference 2011 was co-organized by Nanjing University and the Hong Kong Social Workers' Association in Nanjing University


Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a growth factor for the megakaryocytic lineage. The expression of TPO and TPO receptor (c-mpl) in the central nervous system (CNS) and the role of TPO in neural cells and brain damage models were investigated. Our results showed the expression of TPO in human cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma. We found that TPO had a protective effect in hypoxic-ischemic rat model, as indicated by the increased ipsilateral brain weight and neuron density in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Recoveries of sensorimotor functions and histopathology were observed in these animals that received TPO. In addition, TPO could promote C17.2 cells proliferation by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the proliferation could be reduced to nearly basal level by the pre-treatment with LY 294002. The phosphorylation of AKT, which is a hallmark of activation of each molecule was significantly enhanced after the treatment with TPO in the cells, peaking at 30 min after stimulation with TPO. TPO was also found to have an anti-apoptotic effect which mediated via Bcl-2/BAX and suppressing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Results showed the increased level of Bcl-2 and decreased level of BAX were in the time-dependence manner (0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 mins) in these cells. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased by adding 100 ng/ml TPO. Our results indicated that TPO have neural protective effects.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This study has been undertaken to investigate and explore about the Built Environment and its component which communicate to users and in ideal condition they set an environment which suits the user and they consider the particular built environment very soothing, reassuring, welcoming, hosting as after to their homes-which has been considered as first place; and their work placeswhich has been seen as their second place. Such built environment can be considered as 'Third-Place' for the users as Oldenberg says in their theory. Question of setting, the way of communication of these settings and other 'Third-Place' sceneries are hereby explored and investigated with a through critical literature review. Index Terms – Built Environment, Third-Place, Urban Setting, Sociability, Community, Neighboring.


Two-body hadronic weak decays of the charmed baryon ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}$, including the Cabibbo-favored (CF), singly Cabibbo-suppressed (SCS), and doubly Cabibbo-suppressed (DCS) modes, are studied systematically in this work. To estimate nonfactorizable contributions, we work in the pole model for the $P$-wave amplitudes and current algebra for the $S$-wave amplitudes. Among all the channels decaying into a baryon octet and a pseudoscalar meson, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{0}{\overline{K}}^{0}$ is the only allowed CF mode. The predicted branching fraction of order 3.8% and large and positive decay asymmetry of order 0.50 indicate that a measurement of this mode in the near future is promising. Proceeding through purely nonfactorizable contributions, the SCS mode ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{0}{\overline{K}}^{0}$ and DCS mode ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{0}\ensuremath{\eta}$ are predicted to have branching fractions as large as 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively. The two DCS modes ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{0}\ensuremath{\eta}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ are suggested to serve as new physics searching channels for their vanishing SM background.


"Gay, very gay" is an appropriate tenn for the once Victorian Alma Winemiller to use to describe the tawdry Moon Lake Casino, which once horrified the prime minister's daughter but where she now feels quite at home. In its original sense, "gay" certainly seems a euphemism for an establishment where, according to John Buchanan, "anything goes" (195), including weekly cock fights . However, the Alma Winemiller of the final scene of Summer and Smoke is more than capable of a bit of camp irony. And her creator had already proven in his previous play, A Streetcar Named Desire, that he was a master of the codes and subterfuge of gay camp' Surely by the late forties Williams was aware of the double meaning of "gay" and the assumptions that could be made about a place where "anything goes," even without the possibility of an allusion to the gay Cole Porter.3 The playful appearance of that now highly charged word shows Williams signalling some members of his audience that there are gay connotations to Summer and Smoke. My focus in this essay is on how these gay connotations move in Wil1iams's second dramatization of the conversion of Alma Winemiller, Eccentricities of a Nightingale, toward a prescient exploration of what we now would call queer politics. As if to underscore the gay double entendre with which I began, Williams has Miss Alma invoke Oscar Wilde at the Moon Lake Casino as she and John Buchanan argue about the relative merits of flesh and the spirit:


The present invention end-to-end is associated with a system in a digital wireless data communication network 10 for performing encryption, and two or more communication terminal apparatus to each other is (11.1, 11.2) in a data communication network 10, - means (28) for the management of cryptographic parameters (TEK, IV), - encryption key stream generator 23, - the generated key stream segment encrypt the data stream by (KSS, IV), and comprising a means (20) for decrypting the encrypted at least one terminal device is suitable to function as a dedicated server, the terminal device 15 and encryption parameters and the encryption and / or, and distribution and management to the terminal devices (11.1, 11.2) based on the criteria established by the synchronization application, to download an application 32 in the terminal device (11.1, 11.2), storage, management, and performing the functional unit and means (20, 21, 22, 23) to be installed.


Roughly 30% of Sweden's total greenhouse gas emissions originate from transport and a majority of them from cars. The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) avoids the range limitation of the fully electric vehicle while still allowing for a major share of the fuel to be replaced by electricity from the grid and can thereby reduce greenhouse gas emissions, local pollutants and energy security concerns. The expected share of electric driving for a given battery size is however dependent on the individual car's movement. In this thesis, the potential to reduce fuel use in Swedish passenger car transport through an introduction of PHEVs is assessed by utilizing a comprehensive data set on Swedish car movements logged by GPS. In paper I, we analyze how individuality in movement patterns may affect optimal battery design, economic viability and potential for fuel substitution. Both optimal battery sizes and savings are found to vary substantially between drivers. Commuters are found to be among the first to reach viability for PHEVs. In paper II we analyze how different objectives can affect optimal battery range, viability, savings and share of electric driving. Our results suggest that different objectives among stakeholders could result in different optimal battery sizes and that a high share of PHEVs in a vehicle fleet is not enough to ensure a high share of electric driving. In paper III we evaluate the relative benefit of a PHEV in comparison to a BEV in a two-car household. The results suggest that the BEV in general is economically favored over the PHEV in two-car households if the vehicle usage is optimized within the household. The difference in potential share of electric driving between a PHEV and a BEV is in general small. In paper IV we analyze the potential for brake energy regeneration in Swedish driving conditions. We find that city drivers have the highest potential to regenerate energy per km of driving, but long distance drivers have the largest potential to regenerate energy on a yearly basis. Also, extra energy gains from higher regeneration power capacity were found to fall off quickly.


This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of methionine and lysine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and rumen fermentation parameters in growing goats. Twenty Xiangdong black goats with initial body weights of
 18.1 ± 2.07 kg were used and randomly assigned into four treatments including: no additive (Control), 1.27% Methionine (T1), 2.45% Lysine-HCl (T2), 1.27% Methionine plus 2.45% Lysine-HCl (T3). After 28 days of feeding, the goats were slaughtered and
 samples were collected for the study. Supplementation of methionine and lysine had no effect on growth performance, meat quality, tissue chemical composition and rumen fermentation parameters. These findings suggest that the mode of supplementation
 of methionine and lysine used failed to detect the variation.


Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. The pathophysiology of PsA includes genetic, environmental and immunologic factors. Recent studies revealed the dynamic role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the disease. Adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors and metalloproteinases appear to orchestrate the inflammatory response in PsA. This article summarizes the current immunologic findings and suggests future therapeutic and researching approaches in the field of PsA.


I commend The BMJ for highlighting concerns that, in some areas of the country, funds earmarked to improve public health are not being used by local authorities for this purpose.1 However, I think that the article lacks balance and should have included examples of areas where public …


PurposeThe main objective of this article is to develop a theoretical formulation for predicting the response of CNTs reinforced beam under multiple impactors with general boundary conditions, using first-order shear deformation beam theory.Design/methodology/approachThe rule of mixtures is implemented to derive the material properties of the beam. The nonlinear Hertz contact law is applied for simulation between impactors and the surface of the beam. A combination of approaches includes energy method, Ritz method and generalized Lagrange equations are used to extract the matrix form of equations of motion. The time-domain solution is obtained using implementing the well-known Runge Kutta 4th order method.FindingsAfter examining the accuracy of the present method, the effects of the number of impactors include one impactor, and three impactors in various CNTs volume fraction are studied for CNTs reinforced beam with clamped-clamped, clamped-free and simply supported boundary conditions under the low-velocity impact. The most important finding of this article is that contact force and beam indentation at the middle of the beam in the case of one impactor are greater than those reported in the case of three impactors.Originality/valueThis article fulfills an identified need to study how CNTs reinforced beam behaviour with general boundary conditions under multiple low-velocity impacts can be enabled.


One of the important issues in regional economic literature is external economies resulting from economic specialisation. Regional economists consider economic specialisation as an effective factor of regional development. Therefore, the present study analyzes the effect of the industry economic specialisation on industrial employment in Golestan Province. To do this, Statistical data of the 12 industrial sub-sectors during 2001 - 2010 applied and investigated the effect of factors affecting the industrial employment including the level of economic specialisation of industries using panel data econometrics model. The findings of the model showed the positive effect of economic specialisation on the industrial employment.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to deal with a linear multi-state sliding window coherent system which generalizes the consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n:F system in the multi-state case. The system has n linearly ordered multi-state elements consisting of m parallel independent and identically distributed elements. Every element of the system can have two states: completely working or totally failed. The system fails if the sum of performance rate is lower than the given weight.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors proposed to compute the signature, MTTF and Barlow–Proschan index with the help of UGF technique of multi-state SWS which consists of m parallel i.i.d. components in each multi-state window.

Findings
In the present study, the authors have evaluated the signature reliability, expected lifetime, cost analysis and Barlow–Proschan index.

Originality/value
In this study, the authors have studied a linear multi-state sliding window system which consists of n ordered multi-state element, and each multi-state element also consists of m parallel windows. The focus of the present paper is to evaluate reliability metrices of the considered system with the help of signature from using the universal generating function.


In the article talked about such psychological phenomenon, as the crisis state of teenager and examined terms, when it can result in dezadaptacii. Determination of dezadaptacii is given, his kinds and subspecieses open up. Deciding on subspecieses and giving their description, an author does draws conclusion, in what cases the crisis state gives a positive result for development of personality, instrumental in development and perfection of personality of teenager, and in what results not only in school but also social dezadaptacii. Told about that, how diagnosing critical properties and situations, and also taking into account the specific of teens, it is possible to shut out such transition. One of major terms of non-admission is knowledge of factors which cause critical condition in adolescents.


To assess the role of hpa99 gene isolated from Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola against wheat scab,an efficient acceptor system for gene transformation was established with callus of wheat immature embryos.The AF234296 vector containing hpa99 gene and phosphomannose isomerase(PMI) gene was transferred into Triticum aestivum cv.Shannong 15,a common wheat variety,by particle bombardment-mediated transgenic method.Thirty-eight regenerated plants were obtained on the selection medium complemented with L-mannose.Seven transgenic plants were identified by chlorophenol red staining and PCR assay in the T0 generation with the transformation frequency as 0.108%.These results suggested that hpa99 gene had been successfully transferred into wheat genome,and the transgenic wheat without antibiotic marker genes was obtained.


Expeditions and other collecting events are a major source of objects in natural history museums (e.g., Mesibov 2021). Historically, these trips were often transdisciplinary: biological and Earth science specimens were collected at the same time as ethnological or anthropological objects. As a result, specimens and other material gathered during the same expedition, as well as the related data and metadata, are often distributed across multiple institutions. Many expeditions were driven by colonial agendas, aiming to discover new resources to exploit, and their findings were seldom shared with the source countries and local people. Understanding these expeditions illuminates the colonial origins of museum collections, and contributes to recognizing and addressing their impacts (e.g., Das and Lowe 2018, Ashby and Machin 2021).
 Research expeditions continue to contribute to natural history collections. There is a need to link historical or contemporary research expeditions to other entities, requiring the unambiguous labelling (and persistent identifiers) of such events. Stable identifiers for expeditions plus the sharing of metadata and descriptions in a wide range of languages will facilitate access to scattered information about the event, the institutions housing specimens and objects, the participants and the locations visited, and assist with the linking of distributed material and related research data. However, structured data for scientific expeditions are currently lacking. While identifier systems have been created for many entities over the last few decades, there is no dedicated identifier for research expeditions and similar events. Several studies have shown the importance of people identifiers for linking collection data (e.g., Groom et al. 2022), and we argue the same is true for expeditions.
 Wikidata is a multilingual community-curated knowledge base containing data structured in a human- and machine-readable format. It allows easy creation, updating and enriching of items on expeditions, and provides stable identifiers for them that can be used in collection management systems. Expeditions can be linked to participants and other agents, regions, localities, objects, archival material, maps, publications, field notebooks, documentary footage and art works resulting from the expeditions, thus making historical information more easily accessible and assisting with the acknowledgment of any imperial or colonial impact that may have resulted from the expedition. Expeditions in Wikidata can be hierarchical, e.g., linking a series of related events or under an umbrella project together providing a machine-readable way to harvest all project data. Wikidata also can provide links between present day countries and historical names for locations (e.g., former colonial names). Expeditions published as Linked Open Data make datasets more FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), and are also useful in data transcription and validation processes. Visualisation of itinerary data and travel routes also facilitate data quality checks.
 An informal working group of people interested in the topic was formed to discuss standards and share best practices and recommendations regarding terminology, data modelling and contextualisation. Building upon previous work (e.g., Bauer et al. 2022, von Mering et al. 2022, Leachman 2023), we aim to work towards the enrichment, linking and standardisation of data about research expeditions. If the Wikidata identifiers of these expeditions and participants are added to the records of the corresponding entities in the collection management system, institutions can link from their own collection metadata to the relations made in Wikidata, including to collections in other institutions. The participants of the expedition can be further linked to specimens gathered during the expedition with the use of tools, such as Bionomia, which can facilitate data round-tripping between these collections and specimen records, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Wikidata (Shorthouse 2020). Other initiatives such as the Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) are also interested in incorporating these identifiers as links and annotations.


depth of the doctor's understanding of himself, of the patient's illness, and of the fantasies that he and his patient share with each other. This book is concerned with the principles themselves, and first appeared in 1952, when it consisted of papers dating from the year 1930, and included contributions by Alice Balint. The present edition includes four new papers, two of which deal with psychoanalytical training. These writings advance analytical ideas in which the word 'love' can be used boldly. Balint adds much to the original analytical formulations. A new edition is an opportunity for re-reading, and also for first-time reading by those who are having to lay foundations for their knowledge of psychoanalytic theory and dynamic aspects of personality develop-


A third parameter, in addition to luminosity and rate of brightness decline, derived from the spectra of transients is suggested as a means of more accurately classifying objects in outburst. Principal component analysis of the spectra of transients is suggested as the best way to determine the third parameter. A model is suggested for novae ejecta that is based on the ballistic ejection of an ensemble of clouds having a wide range of sizes. Short term brightness fluctuations of novae, the formation of dust, and the production of X-ray emission follow naturally from such a picture of the evolving clouds.


This study investigates the variability in the spectral absorption of phytoplankton in Antarctic waters. A large in situ data set comprising phytoplankton pigments and hyperspectral absorption was measured in the northern tip of Antarctic Peninsula during 2013 and 2014 summers at several depths. A proxy of package effect was estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra, independently of chlorophyll a. Variations in the concentration of photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments were discernible by changes in this metric but not in the chlorophyll a specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton. The fucoxanthin to chlorophyll a ratio correlated positively to package effect due to an increase in cell size of phytoplankton (diatoms) and increasing fucoxanthin content per cell to maximize light harvesting in depth. The package effect was found to covary inversely with photoprotective pigments relative to chlorophyll a, partially due to their contribution to enhance absorption in the blue part of the spectrum. Using a cluster analysis (k-means algorithm) on the phytoplankton absorption spectra, we illustrate the capacity to identify a regular increase in the degree of package effect. This approach can be useful to classify the phytoplankton assemblages in Antarctic waters according to different degrees of pigment packaging, each one related to a specific pigment composition. Our results demonstrate the potential for this classification at different temporal and spatial scales from ocean color satellite data. This should improve our understanding of deviations in global bio-optical algorithms when applied to the Southern Ocean.


Rationale: The regenerative capacity of the heart is markedly diminished shortly after birth, coinciding with overall withdrawal of cardiomyocytes from cell cycle. Consequently, the adult mammalian heart has limited capacity to regenerate after injury. The discovery of factors that can induce cardiomyocyte proliferation is, therefore, of high interest and has been the focus of extensive investigation throughout the past years. Objective: We have recently identified C3orf58 as a novel hypoxia and Akt induced stem cell factor (HASF) secreted from mesenchymal stem cells, which can promote cardiac repair through cytoprotective mechanisms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HASF can also contribute to cardiac regeneration by stimulating cardiomyocyte division and proliferation. Methods and Results: Neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes were stimulated in culture for 7 days with purified recombinant HASF protein. Compared with control untreated cells, HASF-treated neonatal cardiomyocytes exhibited 60% increase in DNA synthesis as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showing a 50% to 100% increase in the number of cardiomyocytes in the mitotic and cytokinesis phases. Importantly, in vivo cardiac overexpression of HASF in a transgenic mouse model resulted in enhanced level of DNA synthesis and cytokinesis in neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes. These proliferative effects were modulated by a phosphoinositide 3-kinase–protein kinase B–cycle-dependent kinase 7 pathway as revealed by the use of phosphoinositide 3-kinase -pathway–specific inhibitors and silencing of the Cdk7 gene. Conclusions: Our studies support the hypothesis that HASF induces cardiomyocyte proliferation via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase–protein kinase B–cycle-dependent kinase 7 pathway. The implications of this finding may be significant for cardiac regeneration biology and therapeutics.


The low-low temperature electrostatic precipitator (LLT-ESP) has been developed recently to improve the performance of traditional low temperature electrostatic precipitators. In this study, the particulate matter emission characteristics and removal efficiencies of were investigated on an LLT-ESP. Filterable particulate matter (FPM) was tested according to ISO standard 23210-2009, and condensable particulate matter (CPM) was tested according to U.S. EPA Method 202. The LLT-ESP showed excellent removal efficiency for FPM, with total FPM removal efficiencies of more than 99.9%. The removal efficiencies of FPM increased with the rising particulate diameter; for FPM2.5, removal efficiencies ranged from 96.5 to 98.2%. The LLT-ESP also showed remarkable removal efficiencies for CPM, with CPM removal efficiencies of more than 60.9%. The removal mechanism of CPM in the ESP was different from that of FPM. After the LLT-ESP, the quantity relationship between FPM and CPM reversed. For further reduced emission of PM...


The butyl rubber was synthesized with acetone as the third component of initiating system by solution method,and the effect of acetone on the polymerization was investigated.The results showed that the acetone had a certain inhibition effect on the carboncation active center and reduced the side reactions in the later stage of polymerization,thus increasing the relative molecular mass of the polymer.The optimal molar ratio of ethylaluminium sesquichloride to water to acetone was 14.1/1/0.90,and under this condition,the polymer with higher relative molecular mass and narrow molecular weight distribution could be synthesized at a higher tempe-rature.


To realize the monitoring and management of station device integration in the retail network system of gas stations,a sort of solution of monitoring system on line based on web is proposed.In the scheme,the high-powered RISC CPU is made the core by forecourt controller,by means of design method based on embedded system,and it is designed to the corresponding conversion module between dispensers and the international forecourt standards forum protocol and applications of the international forecourt standards forum protocol on TCP/IP.By use of embedded web server,the configuration and control of gas stations'devices are realized.The basic simulation experiment shows that it is more convenient in whole system management,and enhanced in device utilization of gas stations.


This paper presents a stabilization control for positive, Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems subject to Markov jump parameters. In the continuous-time formulation, the approach guarantees mean-square stability with constraints on the control—the main condition hinges upon linear matrix inequalities. The proposed method's usefulness is illustrated by a practical-oriented example, which was designed to control the output voltage of a DC-DC boost converter subject to both voltage and load variations driven by a Markov chain.


Raising Silent Voices: Educating the Linguistic Minorities for the 21st Century Henry T. Trueba.

School and Society: Learning Content Through Culture Henry T. Trueba and Concha Delgado-Gaitan

Success or Failure? Learning and the Language Minority Student Henry T. Trueba


Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is widely accepted as an effective treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in terms of improvement of cerebral blood flow in the ischemic region. However, the indications for and timing of STA-MCA bypass in the acute stage of ischemic stroke have not been established. Isovolemic hemodilution has been shown to temporarily raise collateral perfusion in acutely ischemic brain regions distal to occluded cerebral arteries. The authors performed isovolemic hemodilution in 26 cases of cerebral ischemia within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms. This resulted in a 30% increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the area supplied by the affected MCA, leading to rapid neurological improvement in 18 patients. Nine of these 18 were randomly assigned to the early bypass group, in which STAMCA bypass was performed within 2 days of hemodilution. In the delayed bypass group, which included the remaining nine patients, bypass was performed more than 30 days after hemodilution. In the early group, rCBF in the affected MCA region increased by 18% and the neurological score (NS) improved by 10% within 1 month postoperatively. In the delayed group, follow-up examination 1 to 2 months after hemodilution, rCBF in the affected MCA region and NS had returned nearly to pretreatment levels. Moreover, in this group STA-MCA bypass improved neither rCBF nor neurological status. It can be concluded that isovolemic hemodilution temporarily increases rCBF in the ischemic territory and enhances the potential reversibility of neuronal damage in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neuronal damage may be reversed and rCBF may be significantly improved if blood flow is re-established by surgical means (STA-MCA bypass) within hours or days following hemodilution.


Abstract The mass of natural aerosol injected into the atmosphere by desert wind systems of the Khamsinic type has been estimated from long series of normal-incidence spectral solar radiation measurements and from synoptic analysis of the temporal and areal extent of such phenomena. From these data the regional and global dust input into the atmosphere due to deserts has been inferred and compared to other estimates. A tentative value for the effect of such desert aerosols on the average global albedo and surface temperature is also presented.


Motivated by the equation satisfied by the extremals of certain Hardy-Sobolev type inequalities, we show sharp L q regularity for finite energy solutions of p-Laplace equations involving critical exponents and possible singularity on a sub-space of ℝ n , which imply asymptotic behavior of the solutions at infinity. In addition, we find the best constant and extremals in the case of the considered L 2 Hardy-Sobolev inequality.


The yearlong seminar is a joint effort of the science, mathematics, and education departments. The purpose of the seminar is to foster a discussion among faculty about effective teaching and learning in order to enhance understanding of research-based teaching and assessment practices. In addition, it is to provide support as faculty reflect on their own teaching and try to develop strategies to reach all students.


We propose a variable-latency Decimal Floating Point(DFP) adder which adopts the dual data path scheme. It is to speed addition and subtraction of operand that has identical exponents. The proposed DFP adder makes use of L. K. Wang's operand alignment algorithm, but operates through high speed data-path in guaranteed accuracy range. Synthesis results show that the area of the proposed DFP adder is increased by 8.26% compared to the L. K. Wang's DFP adder, though critical path delay is reduced by 10.54%. It also operates at 13.65% reduced path than critical path in case of an operation which has two DFP operands with identical exponents. We prove that the proposed DFP adder shows higher efficiency than L. K. Wang's DFP adder when the ratio of identical exponents is larger than 2%.


This paper proposes and implements a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) structured fault tolerant controller. The fault tolerant controller is designed using linear quadratic (LQ) technique against the partial loss of control effectiveness due to the actuator fault. Compared with the conventional PID controller, the PID structure optimal controller has the ability to manipulate the multiple-input and multiple-output system (MIMO), accommodate the fault, respond fast, and eliminate the steady-state error. Performance of the proposed controller is tested based on the platform of an unmanned quadroter helicopter (known as Qball-X4).


To address the separation of interfering potential impurities associated with the drug is always a daunting task. We present the method validation and quantitative determination of sulfadoxine (SUL), an anti-malarial drug with most important interfering impurities present pharmaceutical dosages and in bulk samples using HPLC-UV method.

The UV detection was obtained at 270 nm and SUL is separated on Sunfire C18 (25 cm x 4.6 mm x 5 µ m) column at 45°C with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in a mobile phase (CH3COOH:CH3CN). The stress testing (acidic/basic/oxidative) was performed using HPLC for SUL and its impurities showing the highly efficient separation peaks between degradant and drug product.

The developed method was found to be highly accurate and sensitive in regulation with ICH guidelines. Also, it was found to be free from interference from degradation products which allows the stability indicating capability of developed HPLC-UV method for SUL for validation in bulk drugs.

The main advantages of the present method; (a) Separation achieved in 30 minutes, (b) MS compatible mobile phase renders this developed method can be directly adapted to LC-MS without any major modifications in near future, and (c) separation of twelve impurities on Sunfire C18 column. The CFs (correction factors) had been calculated for all the impurities. It was found to be 1.6 (IMP IX), 1.70 (IMP XI) and in between 0.8-1.3 for all other impurities. The LOD of the developed method for all the analytes were in the range of 0.05 to 0.11 μg/mL and the LOQ values were in the range of 0.17 to 0.36 μg/mL.


The level of social development of territorial units in Poland is an important topic in the context of the pursued policy to equalise the differences in regional development. Nowadays, spatial disproportions in development are considered one of the main social problems also in Małopolskie Voivodship. The purpose of the study described in the article involves the comparison of changes in the level of social development in the poviats of Małopolskie Voivodship in the period of 2010–2019 by means of a dynamic synthetic measure. The situation of these poviats was evaluated based on data provided by the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland, describing 10 selected diagnostic features relating to the following areas: the demographic situation, the labour market, education, standard of living and health protection of the inhabitants. The method of linear ordering of multidimensional objects in a dynamic approach was applied. The volume of changes in the level of development of the poviats was determined on the basis of a dynamic synthetic measure. The results of the study indicate that in all of the poviats, a significant decline was observed in the value of the synthetic measure describing the demographic situation and education. On the other hand, the positive aspect is that in all of the poviats the value of the synthetic measure relating to the labour market, living conditions and health protection of the population increased significantly. Consequently, the disproportions between the poviats in the analysed period deepened in terms of the demographic situation and education, whereas the differences in the level of development decreased in the case of the labour market, living conditions and health protection of the population.


The organic materials with ability of self-focussing/defocusing through their light intensity-dependent refractive index and phase shift properties are potential materials in all-optical photonic devices have become interesting topic of continuous research. Several organic materials including dye-doped polymer films are attracting many researchers due to their advantages in terms of enhanced efficiency, and acceptable mechanical properties to fabricate useful devices. In this paper, we have reported the nonlinear optical properties like nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction of an organic dye Disperse Orange-25 (DO-25) doped in Polymethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid (PMMA-MA) polymer matrix using open aperture and closed aperture Z-scan experimental methods by means of low power continuous wave (CW) laser beam. The optical limiting properties of these films are also studied using Type 1 and Type 2 configurations at different input powers using continuous wave (CW) laser beams of 532 nm wavelength. The nonlinear refractive index n 2 , nonlinear absorption coefficient β , changes in refractive index with input intensity, and the magnitude of third-order optical nonlinearity of the dye-doped film are experimentally determined. The saturated output power for type 1 and type 2 optical limiting are determined. The input limiting threshold and saturated output power level for both type 1 and type 2 optical limiting configurations are recorded. DO-25 dye-doped in PMMA-MA polymer film has shown saturation absorption at lower input irradiance and reverse saturation absorption at higher input irradiance and hence found to be a potential candidate for the third harmonic property based photonic devices. : The Z- scan plot of DO-25 dye in PMMA-MA polymer film, show a pre-focal transmittance maximum (peak) followed by a post-focal transmittance minimum (valley). This indicates that DO-25 has a negative non-linearity due to self-defocussing. Self-defocussing is due to variation in refractive index with the nonlinear absorption and thermal lensing effect. The nonlinear refractive index n 2 can be calculated using the Eq. (8) and change in refractive index, Δ n can be calculated using Eq. (10). Experimentally determined nonlinear refractive index n 2 can be used to find the real part of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility [ (cid:2031) 3 ] according to the following relation [24-25]. of nonlinear optical to following


1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, AFBE Division, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici (Napoli), Italy. 4 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. 5 3 The Interdepartmental Research Center for Environment (C.I.R.AM.), University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy. 6 * Correspondence to: Paolo Nasta (firstname.lastname@example.com) 7


This paper presents the detailed analyses and simplifications on the slug flow regimes inside gravity heat pipes. The slug flow in the evaporation section of industrially used heat pipes is quantitatively described. The result reveals the explicit relation of the lift length of the liquid slugs carried by vapour plug with volumetric flow rate and pressures at both ends of pipes.


First-principles calculations reveal that upon adsorption to the Cu(111) surface, the C–C single bonds within the p-benzoquinonemonoimine zwitterion (ZI) contract by about 6%. A detailed analysis reveals that the bond shortening is primarily a result of backdonation from Cu orbitals of s and d symmetry to the lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO) of the ZI. This LUMO is π*-antibonding across the molecule and π-bonding across the C–C bond that shortens. We illustrate that the level alignment between the Fermi level of the surface and the frontier molecular orbitals of the ZI, the topology of the LUMO, and the distance between the substrate and the adsorbate are important factors enabling bond strengthening via backdonation. An extended transition state–natural orbitals for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV) analysis is applied to molecular models for this system, and it confirms that the surface → LUMO backdonation on Cu(111) is larger than on Ag(111) and Au(111).


Thesis (M.S.)-- American University of Beirut. Department of Animal Sciences,1994.;"Advisor: Mohammad Farran, Associate Professor, Poultry Science and Poultry Nutrition -- Members of committee: Elie Barbour, Assistant Professor, Animal Pathology H


Abstract An experimental system, suitable for analysis of the switching current of ferroelectric materials has been developed. It can produce a great variety of excitation signals and includes an adquisition data system controlled by a microprocessor, that allows the processing of the signals and their display in a plotter or in a oscilloscope. This system is especially arranged for the study of the dependence of switching on field, delay time and temperature in TGS.


The imaging appearance of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy(PML)in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),including CT and MRI appearance,the differential diagnosis between PML and other similarly diseases were reviewed.


With the rapid technological advances of the computer and the Internet, multimedia data is becoming increasingly widespread. People of all backgrounds are able to create, modify and distribute multimedia data around the world. Multimedia has essentially ushered in a new era of communication and information flow, which has had a significant impact on society. Creators have more opportunities to create content, specifically in the multimedia format. In addition, the intellectual property law plays a key role in protecting the value of multimedia works. However, in reality, it is not easy for the legal system to cope with changes regarding the format and content of multimedia works. In this paper we address the concept of multimedia, the role of copyright, and the technologies that can be used to protect the copyrights of multimedia work. We also discuss current issues on multimedia copyrights on the Web and present our suggestions to multimedia copyright protection on the Web.


Children who have been exposed to alcohol in utero have well documented deficits in executive function. However, previous research in the field has not situated the executive deficits displayed by these children within a developmental framework. The present study endeavoured to address this shortcoming by investigating the development of executive function in children exposed to alcohol in utero, through the use of 10 subtests from the NEPSY that assess attention and executive function. It was hypothesised that the executive abilities of children would mature with age. In addition, it was hypothesised that children who were exposed to alcohol in utero would display deficits in executive function and that these deficits would become more pronounced with age. The study made use of cross-sectional design that compared the performance of younger children (6to 7-year-olds) with that of older children (12to 13-year-olds) on various measures of executive function. Within this, it made use of a natural experimental design, with children exposed to alcohol in utero as the experimental group and non-exposed children as the control group. Participants were recruited from a school and a clinic in two towns in the Western Cape. Twenty children with confirmed in utero exposure to alcohol took part in the study. Twenty non-exposed volunteers constituted the control group. These two groups were each divided equally into two age groups: 6to 7-year-olds and 12to 13-year-olds. The Health Professions Council of South Africa's regulations with regard to research was adhered to. Two-way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilised for each subtest of the NEPSY to investigate the main effects of age group (6to 7-year-olds and 12to 13-year-olds) and exposure (exposed and non-exposed) as well as any interaction effects. Significant interaction effects were evident on the Tower subtest, the Auditory Attention task, the Auditory Response Set task and the accuracy score of the Visual Attention subtest of the NEPSY. In concordance with previous research in the field, the executive abilities of children were found to improve with age. Incidental findings suggested that the executive abilities of children exposed to alcohol in utero may develop at a slower rate than those of non-exposed children. Furthermore, the findings of the present study suggest that children exposed to alcohol in utero present with deficits in executive function which dissipates with age. The findings are discussed in terms of theories of recovery of function after brain damage.


this study examines some lexical residues of british colonialism in a language spoken in the western province of cameroon, west africa. the language is w$\tilde{e}$, a dialect within the indigenous language gh[open o]màlà, which is spoken in four villages in the western province of cameroon: bahouan, baham, bayangam and bandjoun. the paper also seeks to answer the question: why are there so many english lexical items in this dialect, changed almost beyond recognition, reminiscent of the presence of the british themselves in cameroon, although this part of the country was formerly under french rule.


The invention discloses a biomass fuel combusting and heating integrated device which comprises a furnace, a feeding mechanism and an air supply mechanism. A hearth is arranged in the middle of the furnace, a crucible is disposed on the upper side of the hearth, a grate is arranged at the bottom of the hearth, a furnace wall is arranged on the periphery of the hearth, the feeding mechanism is communicated with a feeding channel of the furnace in a joint manner, and the air supply mechanism is connected with an air supply channel and the feeding channel of the furnace. A biomass grain combusting device and a heating device are integrated, so that the biomass fuel combusting and heating integrated device is simple in structure, biomass particles can be combusted sufficiently, thermal efficiency is improved to be higher than 95%, thermal energy utilization rate of an integral combusting and heating system is greatly increased, high energy conservation effect is realized, difficult problems of slag-bonding and coking of an existing biomass particle combusting device are thoroughly solved, and the biomass fuel combusting and heating integrated device can be widely applied to metal and nonmetal smelting and heat insulation for solution.


Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in metastasis, relapse and therapy resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the normal lineage of cell development in the intestine has identified many of the genes involved in the induction and maintenance of pluripotency, recent studies of CSCs suggest significant heterogeneity and lack of common surface markers for identification. In this study, we perform single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to extract a single cell stemness signature (SCS_sig) for colorectal CSCs identification and as a potential predictor of relapse after surgical resection. A total of 26 fresh surgery specimens (6 colon tumor, 3 colon matched normal, 9 liver metastasis, 8 liver matched normal) from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treated patients with single-cell transcriptome generated using 10X Chromium scRNA-seq and Illumina platforms were analyzed. Following extensive quality control and batch effect correction, we identified 20k epithelial cells using canonical epithelial cell marker genes (EPCAM, KRT8 and KRT18) from a total of 111,200 cells, with mean 1113 epithelial cell per sample (excluding liver normal samples).To obtain the CSCs profiling signature, we first annotated a 'gold-standard' set of CSC that expressed all canonical colon CSC marker genes (LGR5, ASCL2, EPHB2, PROM1, AXIN2, LEFTY1, RNF43, CD44 and SLC12A2), identifying 346 CSCs (1.71% of epithelial cells). Published stemness signatures were significantly enriched in the gold standard stem cells (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Then we selected the 50 most significantly up-regulated genes in this gold standard set (relative to other epithelial cells) as a single-cell stemness signature (named SCS_sig hereafter). Interesting, we saw that in every tumor there was a continuum of stemness, rather than distinct stem and differentiated populations. The stemness state by SCS_sig was positively correlated with less differentiated state calculated by CytoTRACE score (r = 0.76, p< 0.001), a computational method that predicts the differentiation state of cells from scRNA-seq data. The SCS_sig was significantly higher in tumor cells compared to normal cells in our cohort as well as the previously published SMC cohort (fold change = 2.52 and p < 0.001, fold change = 1.44 and p < 0.001, respectively). There was notable heterogeneity in the fraction of stem-like tumor cells with in 15 tumor samples, with the tumor with greatest CSC percentage having the shortest time to relapse. The SCS_sig generated from stem-like cells can identify the stemness state of epithelial cells in scRNAseq data. A signature score is more simple and robust than using few or panel of CSCs marker genes to identify single CSC because of the reads dropout in scRNA-seq. Further investigation of the SCS_sig as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in CRC is ongoing in larger patient cohorts.
 Citation Format: Kangyu Lin, Mohammad Zeineddine, Saikat Chowdhury, Nicholas Hornstein, Sendurai Mani, Scott Kopetz, John Paul Shen. Identification of colorectal cancer stem cells from single cell RNA sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2454.


The entitative structure model of mobile crane fly jib is set up and its contact problems is simulated with finite element analysis software ANSYS.The fly jib's stiffness and strength is indicated.This method can be used in dealing with the finite element analysis of mobile crane fly jib and other contact problems.


High-speed melt spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) was performed using a spinning nozzle with an inserted metallic wire of various lengths (0, 8, 30, and 45 mm). The molecular orientation of as-spun fibers increased with the increase in the wire length at all the take-up velocities examined. Along with the enhanced molecular orientation, the longer wire length led to the starting of orientation-induced crystallization at lower take-up velocities. The structure of crystallized fibers obtained at low speeds can be characterized by high crystallinity and relatively low molecular orientation. From the on-line measurement of the diameter and temperature profiles of the spin line with the 30-mm metallic wire, it was revealed that the spin-line had a maximum diameter of about 6 mm at the wire end. The spin-line temperature at this position was about 190°C. The solidification of the spin-line occurred at positions much closer to the spinneret in comparison with ordinary high-speed spinning. These results show that high-speed spinning with a wire inserted in the nozzle corresponds to a spinning process operated at extremely low extrusion temperature using a nozzle with an extremely large diameter. From the starting of orientation-induced crystallization at lower levels of birefringence in comparison with ordinary high-speed spinning, the alteration of the inherent fiber structure that cannot be represented by birefringence was also suggested. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 665–674, 1998


Leptospirosis is rarely reported in the United States. Although primarily considered a disease of the tropics or of resource limited areas, leptospirosis is being reported more frequently in industrialized urban areas. We report a case of severe leptospirosis in a man living inWashington, DC, with occupational exposure to rats. A review of the literature was conducted, with a focus on the urban form of the disease, using theMEDLINE database from inception to May 2018.


This article addresses an anomaly in bankruptcy and sovereign immunity jurisprudence by drawing upon historical sources from America's Founding Era and earlier. In the 2006 decision Central Virginia Community College v. Katz, the Supreme Court departed from its previous sovereign immunity decisions to hold that states lack the protection of sovereign immunity in proceedings arising under the Bankruptcy Clause. This article argues that the Katz decision unnecessarily upsets established sovereign immunity doctrine through a flawed interpretation of the Framers' conception of the congressional bankruptcy power and state sovereign immunity in a federal system. It reveals this jurisprudential error through a detailed study of the historical development of bankruptcy law as well as the constitutional bankruptcy power's origins, historical context, and contemporary application.


Background and Aims : Although the former Hansen's disease patients won a law suit in 2001, few have sought psychological help. The present study examines the effect of life review, which has had positive effects on ordinary elderly in terms of life satisfaction and mood, to assess its usefulness on the psychological well-being of the former Hansen's disease patients.Methods : Five former Hansen's disease patients volunteered to participate in the life review interviews with a clinical psychologist once a week for a month. Before and after the interviews, patients completed POMS (Profile of Mood States) questionnaires, which measured six factors related to mood, and the Life Satisfaction Scales, which focus on overall life satisfaction and psychological stability.Results : POMS scores indicated that depression was high and vigor low for the former patients. However, tension-anxiety, anger-hate, and fatigue scores decreased. Life Satisfaction scores showed a decrease in overall life satisfaction while psychological stability varied for each participant.Conclusions : These results suggest that a different psychological technique is needed to address problems of depression and vigor, and life review shows some utility in terms of mood improvement, but not for life satisfaction in general.


In this paper we develop an isogeometric B\'ezier dual mortar method for the biharmonic problem on multi-patch domains. The well-posedness of the discrete biharmonic problem requires a discretization with $C^1$ continuous basis functions. Hence, two Lagrange multipliers are required to apply both $C^0$ and $C^1$ continuity constraints on each intersection. The dual mortar method utilizes dual basis functions to discretize the Lagrange multiplier spaces. In order to preserve the sparsity of the coupled problem, we develop a dual mortar suitable $C^1$ constraint and utilize the B\'ezier dual basis to discretize the Lagrange multiplier spaces. The B\'ezier dual basis functions are constructed through B\'ezier projection and possess the same support size as the corresponding B-spline basis functions. We prove that this approach leads to a well-posed discrete problem and specify requirements to achieve optimal convergence. Although the B\'ezier dual basis is sub-optimal due to the lack of polynomial reproduction, our formulation successfully postpones the domination of the consistency error for practical problems. We verify the theoretical results and demonstrate the performance of the proposed formulation through several benchmark problems.


It is difficult to select the parameters of least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) when studying the classification algorithm, A particle swarm optimization algorithm based on crisscross inheritance method is proposed to find the optimal parameters of LSSVM. Further, the wavelet packet is adopted to process the bearing signal and extract time-frequency domain features, which are used as the input of the LSSVM. The classification model is established and applied to identify the fault of bearing. Classification result shows the classification accuracy is improved, and the LSSVM is optimized.


As a Distribution System Operator (DSO), Enedis is one of the key players in the development of electric mobility on the French territory.Indeed, charging infrastructures are directly or indirectly connected to the distribution network. In addition, Enedis runs electric vehicles on a daily basis and has the second largest electric fleet in France. More broadly speaking, Enedis is committed to working alongside industrial and public players. The aim is to develop charging solutions for the various use cases of electric mobility, to identify territories needs, and to facilitate electric vehicle charging control, in order to optimise its cost for users and for the community. In this presentation, we propose to present some key elements that were published by Enedis in 2019 about grid integration of electric mobility. We will also focus on the aVEnir project, led by Enedis with 11 industrial and academic partners, aimed at controlling in real conditions and in collaboration with users of electric vehicles, questions relating to charging flexibility.


ABSTRACT Despite the apparent similarities in Britain's relationship with the Sheikhdoms of the Lower Gulf and the traditional states of southern Arabia, British policy-makers pursued contrasting policies towards the two sets of territories in the era of decolonization. As regards South Arabia, Britain followed a policy of amalgamating the states into a 'Whitehall' federation. The fact that the Federation of South Arabia remained dependent on British backing, and in consequence became ineffably associated with British imperialism in an era of anti-colonial Arab nationalism, fatally damaged its chances of longevity. Applying the lessons of failure in South Arabia, the British were far more inconspicuous in the discussions which led to the creation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Indeed, the fact that the UAE essentially emerged from the initiative of Sheikhs Zaid of Abu Dhabi and Rashid of Dubai, rather than the British, was one of the key factors in its survival. By contrast, the Federation of South Arabia collapsed ignominiously once the ballast provided by the British had been removed.


Eradicating invasive species from islands is a proven method for safeguarding threatened and endangered species from extinction. Island eradications can deliver lasting benefits, but require large up-front expenditure of limited conservation resources. The choice of islands must therefore be prioritised. Numerous tools have been developed to prioritise island eradications, but none fully account for the risk of those eradicated species later returning to the island: reinvasion. In this paper, we develop a prioritisation method for island eradications that accounts for the complexity of the reinvasion process. By merging spatially-explicit metapopulation modelling with stochastic dynamic optimisation techniques, we construct a decision-support tool that optimises conservation outcomes in the presence of reinvasion risk. We applied this tool to two different case studies – rat (Rattus rattus) invasions in the Seaforth archipelago in New Zealand, and cane toad (Rhinella marina) invasions in the Dampier archipelago in Australia – to illustrate how state-dependent optimal policies can maximise expected conservation gains. In both case studies, incorporating reinvasion risk dramatically altered the optimal order of island eradications, and improved the potential conservation benefits. The increase in benefits was larger in Dampier than Seaforth (42% improvement versus 6%), as a consequence of both the characteristics of the invasive species, and the arrangement of the islands. Our results illustrate the potential consequences of ignoring reinvasion risk, and demonstrate that including reinvasion in eradication prioritisation can dramatically improve conservation outcomes.


For high safe and high efficiency encryption system was designed by using the genetic algorithm,and its safe was demon-strated.System design adopted chiefly crossover operator and mutation operator of genetic algorithm,and it producedsequence encryption using shift,negate,xor.Moreover,secret share and parallel processing problem were discussed.The test shows its good randomness.


The spins of the four lowest neutron resonances in ${\mathrm{Er}}^{167}$ have been determined by measuring the transmission of polarized neutrons through a sample of polarized erbium nuclei. The determination of the spins depends solely on the transmission effect and is independent of any assumption about the sign of the nuclear magnetic moment or the direction of the effective field at the target nuclei. The spins were found to be $J=I+\frac{1}{2}=4$ for the 0.460-eV resonance and $J=I\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}=3$ for the resonances at 0.584, 6.10, and 9.6 eV. The nuclear polarization of the sample, obtained as function of the sample temperature at a fixed energy, was fitted to a theoretical curve, using the magnetic and electric hyperfine splitting constants as fitting parameters. The values found for the magnetic and electric hfs constants are, respectively, $\frac{A}{k}=\ensuremath{-}0.085\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and $\frac{P}{k}=\ensuremath{-}0.005\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Taking the nuclear magnetic moment of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{167}$ to be $\ensuremath{-}0.56{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{N}$, the corresponding effective magnetic field at the nucleus is 7.26 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{6}$Oe.


Important among global issues is the trilemma of abrupt climate change, food insecurity, and environmental degradation. Despite the increasing use of fossil fuel, about one third of global C emissions come from tropical deforestation and indiscriminate use of agricultural practices. Global food insecurity, affecting one in seven persons, aggravates environmental degradation. The importance of judicious land use and soil sustainability in addressing the trilemma cannot be overemphasized. While intensifying agronomic production on existing land, it is also essential to identify suitable eco-regions for bringing new land under production. Based on 35-years of data from Brazil, we report that C emissions from agroecosystems are 4 to 5.5 times greater by bringing new land under production in Amazon than in the Cerrado for pastures and cropland production, respectively. The data presented indicate that agricultural intensification is feasible in the Cerrado, and the forest in Rondonia and Mato Grosso states must be protected and restored for nature conservancy. Now is the time to think beyond COP 21—Paris 2015 and take concrete actions to address these issues of global significance.


Objective:To observe whether cytotoxic cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells could be expanded from long-term cryopreserved peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell (PBSC) collections. Methods:Ten samples cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 3~6 years were used as test group and 7 fresh ones as control. CIK cells from the RBC-removed PBSC collections were induced with different cytokines (IFN-γ, CD3mAb,IL-2). On day 14, CIK cells were harvested to test viability. Proliferation ability of CIK cells was measured by calculation,the phenotype of CIK cells was analyzed by flow cytometer and the cytotoxicity of CIK cells against tumor cells was determined by MTT method. Results:CIK cells from the test group and the control group expanded 41.8-fold and 22.8-fold, respectively. The percentage of CD8 + T cell increased after being cultured(P0.05),but the purity of NKT cells (CD3 + CD16/56 + T cells) did not. There was no disparity between the two groups on the cytotoxicity of CIK cells against K562 cells. Conclusion:Cytotoxic CIK cells can be largely expanded from long-term frozen PBSC collections.


Objective: To determine the frequency and nature of maternal near-miss cases and to comparatively analyse near miss morbidities and maternal deaths in pregnant women.Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Gynae A Unit, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from January 2012 to December 2013. Cases of maternal near miss morbidities were identified from records of women presenting with potentially life threatening complications in pregnancy. Maternal mortality during the same period was also analysed.Results: A total of 71 women were identified as cases of maternal near-miss (MNM) with a frequency of 1.05%. Maternaldeaths were 20 with MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) of 283/100,000 live births and MNM to MMR ratio of 3.5:1.Causes were obstetrical haemorrhage in 23(32.39%), Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in 21 (29.58%), Dystocia in 13(18.315), sepsis and Cardiac diseases in 7(9.86%) and 4(5.63%) cases of near miss while severe aneamia unrelatedto haemorrhage in 3(4.23%)cases of MNM. Of the 20 maternal deaths 8(40%) were due to haemorrhage, 4(20%) hypertension, 1(5%) dystocia, 4(20%) Sepsis, 2(10%) cardiac diseases in pregnancy. Mortality index (MI) for sepsis and cardiac disease were highest, 36.36% and 33.33% respectively. MI for haemorrhage was 25.81% and hypertension 16%. Forty two (59.15%) cases required intensive care unit admission with 22 (30.98%) requiring more than 3 units blood and component transfusion and 12 (16.90)% ventilator support. Surgical intervention in the form of emergency hysterectomy was done in 22 (30.98%) cases and 23 cases had different organ system failures.Conclusions: Obstetrical haemorrhage, hypertensieve disorders, dystocia and sepsis are the leading causes of MNM. The underlying causes for severe morbidity and mortalities were almost the same, therefore evaluation of the circumstancessurrounding MNM could lead to improvement in the care and reduction in maternal mortality.


The remedial measures profoundly differ in consistency and feasibility, and they require a different set of tools to be implemented. The Commission rated the remedial measures upon the timeframe of implementation, and concluded in an explanatory memorandum annexed to the proposal for an implementing decision by the Council that four of the measures require a longer implementation period, while the remaining 13 measures can be achieved by the adoption of immediate key implementing steps. The Hungarian government pledged to make these key implementation steps until 19 November 2022.


Grain refining can improve the solidification-cracking resistance and mechanical properties of welds. Mg alloys are increasingly used for vehicle weight reduction, AZ91 Mg being the most widely used Mg casting alloy. The present study was conducted to study grain refining in gas–tungsten arc welding of AZ91 Mg, focusing on identifying the mechanism of grain refining. Significant grain refining was obtained by transverse arc oscillation. Dendrite fragmentation was identified as the grain refining mechanism, instead of heterogeneous nucleation or grain detachment. This was done by using an overlap welding procedure in which the weld made with transverse arc oscillation (test weld) overlapped with another weld made previously without arc oscillation (preweld). It was found that repeated prewelding followed by welding with transverse arc oscillation resulted in very fine grains.


Chapter 1 Acknowledgements Chapter 2 Preface Chapter 3 The Interpreter and the Artist Chapter 4 The Hero and the Klutz (Play It Again, Sam) Chapter 5 The Anhedonist and the Singer (Annie Hall) Chapter 6 The Interior Decorator and the Vulgerian (Interiors) Chapter 7 The Director and the Fan (Stardust Memories) Chapter 8 The Empiricist and the Image-Maker (A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy) Chapter 9 The Changing Man and the Psychiatrist (Zelig) Chapter 10 The Actor and the Character (The Purple Rose of Cairo) Chapter 11 The Eavesdropper and the Patient (Another Woman) Chapter 12 The Ophthamologist and the Filmmaker (Crimes and Misdemeanors) Chapter 13 The Detectives (Manhattan Murder Mystery) Chapter 14 The Sportswriter and the Whore (Mighty Aphrodite) Chapter 15 The Comic Chapter 16 Notes Chapter 17 Bibliography


A double‐crystal monochromator has been developed based upon the cooling of a pair of silicon (111) crystals using liquid nitrogen. This monochromator features Bragg angle accuracy and a resolution of 0.36 arc seconds and is also compatible with sagittal focusing of the second crystal. The design of this monochromator is described, and performance data are presented.


We studied Ta, TaN, and sub-stoichiometric TaNx electrodes (obtained by nitrogen redistribution in Ta/TaN or Ti/TaN bilayers) deposited on thermal SiO2 and HfO2/IL (0.8 nm SiO2 IL, i.e., interlayer) stacks. Effective work-functions (WF) were extracted on MOS capacitor structures on SiO2 bevelled insulator of 4.2 eV for pure Ta, 4.6 eV for TaN, and 4.3 eV for sub-stoichiometric TaNx. This intermediate WF value is explained by TaN nitrogen redistribution with reactive Ta or Ti elements shifting the gate work-function toward the Si conduction band. The same electrodes deposited on an HfO2/IL dielectric showed different behavior: First, the Ta/HfO2/IL stack shows a +200 meV WF increase (towards the Si valence band) compared to the SiO2 dielectric stack. This increase is explained by the well-known HfO2/IL dipole formation. Second, in contrast to electrodes deposited on SiO2, sub-stoichiometric TaNx/HfO2 is found to have a lower WF (4.3 eV), than pure Ta on HfO2 (4.4 eV). This inversion in work-function behavi...


This paper presents the performance of a thermally-coupled two-stage pulse tube cooler. In the cryocooler, an independent 50 Hz Stirling type pulse tube cooler is used to precool the middle of the regenerator as well as the pulse tube of another Stirling type pulse tube cooler with a lower -coupled twoand optimization based on Sage® nd stage pulse tube, a cooling capaci. and frequency are also studied. INTRODUCTION Refrigerators working at liquid hydrogen temperature are needed for superconductor cooling coolers with low maintenance and high reliability. Among the different coolers, pulse tube coolers have the advantages of a simple structure, low vibration over traditional regenerative coolers such region [1]. Stirling-type pulse tube coolers with oil-free compressor are attractive due to their light nitrogen temperature [3-4] have been successfully developed and commercialized. For temperature Development of a Twotage Stirling Type S 57 Cryocoolers 19, edited by S.D. Miller and R.G. Ross, Jr. ©¶International Cryocooler Conference, Inc., Boulder, CO, 2016