Objective To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of clinical application of Sufentanil in lumbar epidural analgesia.Methods 54 patients were arranged for elective or limited upper abdominal major operations and they were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the epidural puncturing site of the high level,median level and low level.Postoperative analgesic effects,patient controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA) pump usage,drug consumption and side effects were observed within 48 h.Results There were no differences in VAS scores of the patients at resting or coughing between Group H and Group M(P0.05).At 2 and 4 h after operation,the resting VAS score in Group L was significantly higher than that in Group H and Group M(P 0.05).At 8,20,24,30 and 48 h after operation,there were no significant differences of resting VAS score among the 3 groups(P0.05).At 2,4 and 8 h after operation,the VAS score at coughing condition in Group L was significantly higher than that in Group H and Group M(P 0.05).Afterwards,there was no significant difference among the 3 groups(P0.05).Nausea was observed in 3 patients in each group within 48 h after operation and there were no significant differences(P0.05).Similarly,the incidences of itching among the 3 groups were not statistically significant(P0.05).No respiratory depression at any time point after operation in the 3 groups was observed.The difference in the cumulative consumption of Sufentanil at day-1 after operation between Group H,Group M and Group L was significant(P0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the consumption of Sufentanil in these 3 groups at the second day(P0.05).The differences in the total pump pressing times and total effecting times within 48 hours after operation between Group H,Group M and Group L were statistical significant(P0.05).Conclusion 1.5 μg /ml epidural Sufentanil pumped into the thoracic intervertebral spaces can be applied into the pain treatment after upper abdominal operation.The analgesic effect is satisfactory with little adverse effects.1.5 μg /ml epidural Sufentanil pumped into the lumbar intervertebral spaces can substitute for thoracic epidural analgesia as an alternative method in the pain treatment after upper abdominal operation.However,compared to the latter,the Sufentanil dosage is relatively high.


During 2001, the remand population increased by 11% from 10,700 to 11,920 (Gray and Rogers, 2001). When a person is remanded in custody, they can lose their accommodation, their job, be locked away for over 23 hours each day, and endure the pressures, hazards and indignities of prison life. Remand prisoners have inadequate access to legal representation, their prison conditions whilst on remand are poorer than their sentenced counterparts and the suicide rate amongst remandees is very high (Penal A ffairs Consortium, 1995). Such defendants suffer regular invasions of privacy each time they are searched and often fear danger from those incarcerated with them.


The current in vitro maturation system (IVM) for dog oocytes is inefficient. On the average, only 15% of ovarian oocytes complete nuclear maturation in vitro. For unknown reasons, the ability of oocytes to develop to the metaphase II stage (MII) varies markedly among bitches (Songsasen et al., 2002, Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62, 407–415). The objective of this study was to identify the cause(s) underlying these significant variations in nuclear maturation. Initially, we retrospectively analyzed data obtained during the past 3 years;; 1661 oocytes were obtained from 74 bitches where stage of reproduction for the donor was known based on ovarian morphology. Oocytes were cultured in TCM 199 + 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in humidified air under various experimental conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare differences in meiotic competence of oocytes obtained at various reproductive stages and during different seasons. Stage of reproduction did not influence meiotic abilities of oocytes. Percentages of oocytes obtained during proestrus/estrus (n = 468 oocytes), diestrus/metestrus (n = 333), anestrus (n = 331) or prepuberty (6–8 months of age, n = 479) and developing to MII were 17.9 ± 2.9%, (mean ± SEM), 24.0 ± 6.0%, 20.8 ± 4.7%, and 17.8 ± 5.2%, respectively (P > 0.05). A similar analysis across seasons (spring, summer, fall, winter) also indicated no influence of time of year on nuclear maturation (P > 0.05). Because there is a known strong link between follicular growth and meiotic competence of goat oocytes (De Smedt et al., 1994 J. Exp. Zool. 269, 128–139), we also examined the impact of follicular size on nuclear maturation. The cortex of ovaries from 15 bitches was horizontally dissected (5 mm thickness) so follicles could be observed and divided into three classes: (1) <0.5 mm diameter (n = 60); (2) ≥0.5 to <1 mm (n = 110); and (3) 1–2 mm (n = 72). Follicles were separated according to these size classes;; oocytes were recovered and cultured in TCM 199 + 0.25 mM pyruvate, 2 mM glutamine, 25 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (Basal TCM) supplemented with 0.5 IU/mL equine chorionic gonadotropin for 1 h. Oocytes then were cultured in Basal TCM for 48 h before staining with 1% orcein to assess nuclear status. Follicular size influenced meiotic competence of the oocytes (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Mean percentages of MII oocytes were 14.2 ± 7.2, 15.6 ± 4.5, and 30.9 ± 8.2, for oocytes recovered from <0.5-mm, ≥0.5 to <1-mm and 1–2-mm diameter follicles, respectively. This study revealed that stage of reproduction and season have no impact on in vitro nuclear maturation of the dog oocyte. However, the findings demonstrate that dog oocytes acquire meiotic competency during follicular development. Because the source of most dog oocytes for IVM are small follicles, results suggest that oocytes may be incapable of completing nuclear maturation under in vitro conditions that are designed for fully-grown oocytes.


The paper presents analysis of hydraulic fracture height growth using fracture mechanics equations. Experimental va - lues of fracture toughness of the terrigenous Devonian rocks have been used in calculations. It has been shown that stable fracture growth takes place in the given geological environment. The obtained results have been compared with the results of the Mayer program. The paper presents recommendations on application of linear water gels in case of thin barriers, maps of fracture height when planning large-scale fracture treatments, as well as adjustment of selection criteria for well candidates.


AGE: 8–14 As we navigate the world around us, sometimes we are faced with danger. Our brains help keep us safe from harm, but we do not fully understand how they do this. How do our brains decide to make us freeze in placewhenwe hear bees buzzing, so that they ignore us and buzzonby? Andwhen those bees are angry, howdoour brains decide that running away is a better option than freezing? Answers to these questions will help us understand how our brains make decisions when we are afraid, and will also allow us to determine what may be going wrong in the brains of people who have too much fear—like people with anxiety. Our research shows that an area of the brain called the prefrontal cortex contains teams of brain cells that help us to freeze or to run away, depending on how much danger we are in.


The catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene over the non-stoichiometric calcium hydride (CaH2−δ) prepared by means of high-temperature evacuation was studied. The order of introducing gases had no effect on the rate of ethylene hydrogenation. The rate expressions for the initial stage were ν=k PH0.8–1.0 PE and ν′=k′ PH0.8–1.0 PE0 in the lower and higher pressure ranges of ethylene respectively. The amount of hydrogen bound initially to CaH2−δ and participating in the reaction was estimated from the results of the D2–CaH2−δ exchange and H2–D2 equilibration reactions. From these results, the mechanism of ethylene hydrogenation over calcium hydride and the role of the hydrogen of the hydride were discussed. The poisoning caused by water and acetylene was also studied. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of calcium hydride was compared with that of three metallic hydrides.


Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that it is not possible to compute both the position and momentum of an electron with absolute certainty. However, this computational limitation, which is central to quantum mechanics, has no counterpart in theoretical computer science. Here, I will show that we can distinguish between the complexity classes P and NP when we consider intrinsic uncertainty in our computations, and take uncertainty about whether a bit belongs to the program code or machine input into account. Given intrinsic uncertainty, every output is uncertain, and computations become meaningful only in combination with a confidence level. In particular, it is impossible to compute solutions with absolute certainty as this requires infinite run-time. Considering intrinsic uncertainty, I will present a function that is in NP but not in P, and thus prove that P is a proper subset of NP. I will also show that all traditional hard decision problems have polynomial-time algorithms that provide solutions with confidence under uncertainty.


In a web-based, sexual behavior risk study using a rigorous response validation protocol, we identified 124 invalid responses out of 1,150 total (11% rejection). Nearly all of these (119) were due to repeat survey submissions from the same participants, and 65 of them came from a single participant. This brief describes how we were able to detect these repeat submissions using the validation protocol, and highlights the importance of using both automated and manual validation techniques


This article describes barriers to successful patient outcomes in home health care from a systems perspective and provides suggestions to remove these barriers. The barriers that are discussed include processes for collecting assessment data, referral procedures for patient access to medical social services, and changes in Medicare's home health funding structure.


Crystallography is the leading technique to study atomic structures of proteins and produces enormous volumes of information that can place strains on the storage and data transfer capabilities of synchrotron and free-electron laser light sources. Lossy compression has been identified as a possible means to cope with the growing data volumes; however, prior approaches have not produced sufficient quality at a sufficient rate to meet scientific needs. This paper presents Region Of Interest BINning with SZ lossy compression (ROIBIN-SZ) a novel, parallel, and accelerated compression scheme that separates the dynamically selected preservation of key regions with lossy compression of background information. We perform and present an extensive evaluation of the performance and quality results made by the co-design of this compression scheme. We can achieve up to a 196x and 46.44x compression ratio on lysozyme and selenobiotinyl-streptavidin while preserving the data sufficiently to reconstruct the structure at bandwidths and scales that approach the needs of the upcoming light sources


Degradation of forests and Climate Change are on the agenda of relevant debates at a global level. Environmental monitoring data demonstrate the unsustainability of forests and the need to seek ways of coexistence, man and the natural environment, dissociated from a purely economic matrix. In the direction of building a thought that encourages society towards an educational trajectory about forests and the rational use of natural resources, this article is presented as a theoretical essay, which aims to make some considerations about the idea of Forestry Education - EF as an interdisciplinary and integrative social educational process; a potential pathway to environmental quality; and its possible contribution to regional development. It was concluded that considering Forestry Education as a potential way of contributing to development requires society to change behavior in the way of living and acting in the spaces it occupies, that it is necessary to expand public involvement through initiatives that enable a raising the level of awareness and education, ensuring information and institutional consolidation of open channels for participation in a pluralist perspective.


The USAID | Project SEARCH, Orphans and Vulnerable Children Comprehensive Action Research (OVC-CARE) Task Order, is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00023-00, beginning August 1, 2008. OVC-CARE Task Order is implemented by Boston University. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agency. The Scale, Scope and Impact of Alternative Care for OVC in Developing Countries


In the present study, we assessed peptide losses during sample
storage in autosampler vials. We evaluated the possibility to
suppress the adsorption effects by changing the composition of
the sample solution injected into the liquid chromatography
coupled with tandem mass spectrometry system (LC-MS/MS) and by
use of different material of autosampler vials. As a model
sample, a tryptic digest of six bovine proteins (B6E) in the
amount of 1 fmol per protein was used for comparative
experiments. The combination of a polypropylene vial and
solution of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (0.001%) or a mixture
of high concentrated urea and thiourea (5M and 1M) as injection
solutions provided the best results in terms of number of
significantly identified peptides (P < 0.05). These conclusions
were confirmed by analyses of a real sample with intermediate
complexity. Addition of PEG into the real sample solution
proved to prevent higher losses, concerning mainly hydrophobic
peptides, during up to 48 h storage in the autosampler in
comparison with a formic acid solution and even with a solution
of highly concentrated urea and thiourea(1).


Based on computational results of three dimensions finite element method for boiler drum, an updated suggestion of traditional fatigue life calculation method (TRD301) is presented. And an on line monitoring system of life for boiler drum is developed. By means of computer, data collection and transition, the system can monitor temperature, pressure and life of boiler drum in total work process. This monitoring system works well at a 400t/h boiler drum of power station. The destinations of on line monitoring boiler drum life and guiding boiler work have been realized. Figs 4 and refs 8.


We report on the search at the Tevatron for Higgs bosons with masses roughly 135 GeV and above in final states other than in the W-boson pair decay channel where the W-bosons decay to leptons.


Teacher motivation is a point of concern for educationists, education planners and school managers. There are several theories dealing with teacher motivation from different viewpoints. The present paper is a short survey concerning the kind of opinion that motivated teachers have regarding the effectiveness of curriculum. The survey was conducted in a private CBSE-based school of Patna. The survey showed a medium positive correlation of 0.35 between teacher motivation and teachers' perception of effectiveness of curriculum. This implies that while it is true that motivated teachers in general have a positive opinion about their curriculum being effective, it is not so always. A small number are not very confident. This might be because they might be looking towards further possible improvements.


The present paper is about the further studies on desmids in Dai Lake of Jinyun Mountain, Beibei, Chongqing, in the period extending from March, 1982 to February, 1983. An additional list in this paper includes 27 species and varieties belonging to 11 genera, viz., 1 Mesotaenium, 1 Cylindrocystis, 1 SPirotaenia, 4 Closteria, 3 Penia, 1 Tetmemorus, 2 Euastra, 3 Micrasteriae, 7 Staurastra, 3 Cosmaria and 1 Arthrodesmus. Among them Mesotaenium, Spirotaenia and Tetmemorus are not recorded yet in our first report.In this paper, we have analysed the quantitative changes of maindes-mids collected from Dai Lake during the recent two years and dealt with the desmid floral elements of this area range tentatively. The results are shown briefly as follows:1. Most of the desmids often found in Dai Lake,including such additional species as Arthrodesmus incus, Closterium rostratum and C. acerosum, areindicator plants belonging to oligosaprobic and β-mesosaprobic zones.2. A certain species in the genus Staurastrum, specially Staurastrum te-tracerum and S. pseudotetracerum, are dominant species among the plankton desmids in Dai Lake.3. There are nearly 10 species of tropical desmids found in Dai Lake This is a remarkable fact which will be of much help for us to understand the formation and developmental process of the desmid flora in Dai Lake area


Let X* be the free monoid on the alphabet set X.The concept of a transversal of the language diagram Γ(X*) is introduced by constructing a language diagram Γ(X*) with X* as the node set and a characterization of prefix code being maximal prefix code is given.Moreover,we extended the results of relevant reference.


Prognostic models from Korea and Italy have been developed that predict overall survival and cancer recurrence respectively after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to validate the two models in independent patient cohorts, and to evaluate which factors may explain differences in prognosis between Korean and Italian patients with gastric cancer.


520 Background: The role of RC in patients with CNBC remains unclear since most prospective clinical trials excluded them. Our study aims to evaluate overall survival (OS) in patients with CNBC treated with systemic chemotherapy (SC) with or without RC. Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database for adult patients who received SC for localized CNBC during the years 2004 to 2018. Patients with distant metastases, including to non-regional nodes, and those treated with radiation to the bladder or pelvic nodes were excluded. Chi-square and Mann Whitney U tests were used to compare frequency distributions. Cox proportional hazards analysis was employed for multivariate analysis of factors associated with OS. Results: A total of 8464 patients were identified – 3565 (42.1%) underwent RC + SC (RC+), while 4899 (57.9%) received only SC (RC-). Median age at diagnosis was 65y in the RC+ grp vs. 68y in the RC- grp ( P = 0.006). Majority of patients were Caucasian in both grps – 86.9% and 85.1%, respectively. 5y-OS was 34.1% in the RC+ grp vs. 36.1% in the RC- grp ( P = 0.06). On multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with OS were RC+ status (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.88, P < 0.001), advanced age (70-85y vs. 18-35y, HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.18-3.01, P < 0.001), female gender (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12-1.28, P = 0.001), African American (vs. Caucasian) race (HR 1.24, 95% CI:1.10-1.40, P = 0.0004), ≥ 2 comorbidities (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.34-1.92, P = 0.001), annual income ( < $30,000 vs > $45,000, HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.13-1.37, P < 0.001), and insurance status (uninsured vs. private, HR 1.39, 1.15-1.67, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In this large retrospective analysis, among patients with localized CNBC who received SC, 5y-OS rates were comparable with or without RC. However, RC was associated with improved OS on multivariate analysis.[Table: see text]


Thank you very much for downloading gender race and the writing of empire public discourse and the boer war. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this gender race and the writing of empire public discourse and the boer war, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their computer.


Background and Aim:  Host genetic factors have been reported as influencing the progress to fulminant hepatitis (FH). Our previous data showed the serum level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α influenced by gene polymorphisms to be markedly increased. It was investigated whether polymorphisms in the IL‐10 gene, in addition to TNF‐α and ‐β gene polymorphisms, might contribute to the pathogenesis of FH.


This article discusses the relationship between private business and government during both the late-colonial period and the immediate post-independence era. Special attention is given to the chaotic conditions during the Indonesian Revolution in the second half of the 1940s. The article argues that the relationship was strong in both periods but of a fundamentally different nature after independence as compared to Dutch colonial rule. The colonial system of institutionalized business interests was not taken over by the Indonesian nationalists. The colonial system was replaced by a system in which privilege strongly depended on political connections, favouring some, but not all businessmen. Further research is needed to unveil the specifc nature of relationships between private businessmen and the Indonesian state.


The main mineral phases of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) as a hydraulic lime binderare Ca(OH)2, C2S, C3S, C3A, and SiO2 residues. Also, NHL has the characteristic of setting and hardening by a hydration reaction with water and by carbonation reactions with carbon dioxide from the air. In this study, in an effort to investigate changes of the mineral phases by NHL hydration and carbonation reactions, transitions of mineral phases and the microstructures of hardened pastes were analyzed by XRD, DSC, SEM, and by pore size distributions using domestic and foreign-sourced NHL pastes after curing at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. On the basis of the analysis results, it was confirmed that domestic low-grade limestone can be used for the manufacturing of NHL. The main hydration mineral phases were Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, C2S, and SiO2 residues, while in the case of foreign-sourced NHL, a small amount of an aluminium hydration phase formed. Also, the CaCO3 content after the carbonation reaction increased with an increase in the curing time. After hydration for 28 days, NHL containing considerable amounts of C2S and C3S showed higher carbonation ratios than others types.


PurposeThe purpose is to establish the impact of trade on manufacturing employment in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachTwo techniques, the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE), are applied on a panel dataset comprising 26 three-digit manufacturing industries with data observed between 1970 and 2016.FindingsThe impact of trade on employment is miniscule at best and insignificant at worst once the study controls for cross-sectional dependency. This is true for both skilled and unskilled workers. Employment of skilled workers is explained by remuneration while employment of unskilled workers is explained by output dynamics.Practical implicationsTrade is widely attacked for causing labour market disruption through job losses. This hypothesis is not supported by data for South Africa as no link is confirmed between trade and employment of skilled and unskilled workers.Originality/valueEstimating the trade and employment link for skilled and unskilled workers while controlling for both endogeneity and cross-sectional dependency.


This paper presents a radiating signal model that simulates the acoustic emission from high voltage equipment. This theoretical model was formulated for radiating signals originate from high voltage equipment such as transformer, insulator and gas-insulated chamber using the numerical method known as the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD method has been widely applied in the analysis of electromagnetic waves. Its applications range from the design of antennas to the study of radiation effects on the human body. A simple one source one receiver model was used to demonstrate the capability of the FDTD method. Using the FDTD method to study the theoretical aspects of high voltage acoustic emissions, researchers can better understand the properties and characteristics of the phenomena.


Objective To explore the self-rated health condition of hospitalized schizophrenics,manics and major depressed patients.Methods 304 cases with schizophrenics,112 cases with manics,98 cases with major depressed and 120 healthy volunteers were assessed with a self-developed questionnaire and self-related health measurement scale(SRHMS) version 1.0.Results Compared with the controls,schizophrenics and major depressed patients showed lower scores in total score of SRHMS and each factor(P  0.05).Manics showed low-er score in social health factor of SRHMS than controls(P0.05).Major depressive patients showed the lowest scores in total score of SRHMS and each factor(P0.01).Compared with manics,shcizophrenics got lower scores in total score of SRHMS,physiological and psy-chological factors(P0.05).Conclusion All the patients with these 3 kinds of mental disorders suffer from bad health condition to some ex-tent,especially for major depresive patients.


Contributors. Preface. Introduction. Part IV: Knowledge Acquisition. Part VII: Commercial Applications. Part VIII: Integrated Environments. Part IX: The State of the Field.


A lot of process models for software development such as waterfall model and so on are almost based on description of the relationship between the scale and complex of software project and technology tasks and methods in every phase of development as the main content. They are suitable for the technique works of software development, but ignore the connotation of the management work in software process. Especially that they ignore the connotation of the management relevant with concrete business and for process management it is not enough to be only with technical standard. In this article, we propose an information communication model of software process and a software process model including concrete business and describe the basic tasks of team software process and relationship between the layers of software process. Starting from this, it can guide the process operation of software team, provide a new solution for theoretical research and description of the software engineering subject and provide a framework concept for the auxiliary system tools for the research of software engineering.


This study investigated the effect of an eight-step cognitive strategy on verbal math problem solving performance of six learning disabled adolescents. The cognitive strategy was designed to enable students to read, understand, carry out, and check verbal math problems that are encountered in the general math curriculum at the secondary level. Conditions of the multiple baseline desing included baseline, treatment, generalization, maintenance, and retraining. During treatment, students received strategy acquisition training, strategy application practice, and testing. Visual analysis of the data indicated this eight-step cognitive strategy to be an effective intervention for this sample of students who had deficits in verbal math problem solving. Overall, the students demonstrated impoved performance on twostep verbal math problems. Maintenance and generalization of the strategy were evident. This study has implications for an alternative teaching methodology that focuses on cognitive strategy training to improve the verbal math problem solving of learning disabled students.


gency tasks, we learn little of what they thought of their actions. Also, one would like to know more about such specific topics as: who made which central decisions regarding the home front, how women who went to work in defense plants took care of their children, the forced resettlements of large populations and the impact of lendlease aid. These limitations, however, are mainly limitations of space and of sources available to the authors, not of their scholarship. That the book is co-authored has caused some organizational problems such as occasional overlap between chapters. Also, detailed discussion of the all-powerful State Defense Committee is left mainly to the end of the book. Despite the criticisms noted above, The Soviet Home Front, 1941-1945 is a very welcome addition to scholarship on the war and a useful text for the teacher of Soviet history.


By embedding a simple arc‐shaped slot in a circular‐disk monopole antenna, an ultra‐wideband (UWB, 3.1–10.6 GHz) operation with a controlled notched frequency band can be obtained. The arc‐shaped slot is placed close to the boundary of the circular‐disk monopole and has a length of about one‐half wavelength of the desired notched frequency. The proposed slotted circular‐disk monopole antenna showing UWB operation with a notched frequency band for rejecting the 5.8‐GHz WLAN band is demonstrated. The effects of the dimensions of the arc‐shaped slot on the notched frequency band are also analyzed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 188–191, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20766


Modified NaY-type zeolites, in which a portion of the sodium ions had been exchanged for chromium(III) or iron(III) ions, were studied as adsorbents. The modified zeolites were tested with respect to the adsorption of n-butylamine or n-butylthiol via the pulse method employing a column micro-adsorber directly attached to a gas chromatograph. Thus, 200 mg portions of the adsorbent were activated by heating at 400°C for 2 h after which the temperature was decreased to 200°C. The column was held at this temperature for 1 h and then 10 μl portions of n-butylamine and n-butylthiol were injected on to it at 15-min intervals. It was found that the zeolites containing iron(III) ions were much more effective as adsorbents (by 30%) than those containing chromium ions, with this difference reaching 60% in the case of n-butylthiol. Furthermore, zeolites containing iron(III) ions underwent much less deactivation than those with chromium(III) ions. Increasing the iron → sodium or chromium → sodium ion exchange led to increased adsorption of the organic compounds studied. It was shown that Y-type zeolites modified with iron(III) are effective adsorbents for deodorising atmospheric air.


Geology of Lumut and Seri Manjung can be simplified chronostratigraphically into
Permo-Late Triassic granite and Quarternary sediments. The intruded granite of
Lumut is classified as S-type (Norzaini Karim and Teh), and Bignell and Snelling
(1977) suggested that the age of the granite in the Lumut-Segaru-Pantai Remis area
is Late Triassic. Meanwhile, the unconsolidated sediments in the coastal areas of
Taiping, Beruas and Lumut have been divided into three stratigraphic units by
lithology, heavy mineral content and paleoenvironment (Suntharalingam, 1982).
Suntharalingam and Teoh introduced the Gula Formation and Beruas Formation
(Young Alluvium) in the area of Lumut and Seri Manjung. This project study the
Quartenary sediments distribution in the scale of 1:25, 000 which is more in detailed
compared to the Dindings area done previously by Suntharalingam (1:300, 000). It
has been summarized and illustrated based on Suntharalingam that Lumut and Seri
Manjung Quarternary sediments originated from Beruas Formation and Gula
Formation.
The classification of the environmental vulnerability of Lumut coastal facies
will be generated based on the vulnerability index of the Gundlach and Hayes –
which utilizes the scale of one to ten. This project will analyses the nature and
composition of coastal facies sediments and assesses the impact of oil pollution by oil
spills on the facies and thus determining the shoreline sensitivity to oil spills. The coastal
impact on the coastal facies will be evaluated through the oil penetration test which helps
to characterize the vulnerability index of the Lumut coastal facie. It is hoped that the
result for this project will yield mitigating measures to tackle future plausible coastal
pollution in Lumut coastal areas.


Postsynthesis ligand exchange has been employed extensively on lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs), but the complex ligand shell composition of the starting NCs prevented a clear understanding of the exchange process, and the surface chemistry of the final NCs remained poorly characterized. Here, we describe a ligand exchange strategy involving the displacement of both cationic and anionic ligands on native model systems of CsPbBr3 NCs, which are exclusively coated with Cs-oleate. These ligands are exchanged with various quaternary ammonium bromides (R4NBr), and complete exchange is confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The displacement of the native Cs-oleate ligands with proton-free R4NBr delivers NCs with excellent colloidal stability and near-unity PLQY, which is preserved after washing with polar solvents, over 3 weeks of storage in air, and after heating a solution of NCs to 80 °C, as confirmed by NMR analysis. The results, together with density functional ...


This study investigates the production of charged particles and the kaonic nuclei [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] GeV. The parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 2.1 is used to calculate the yield of charged particles, and the Dynamically Constrained Phase–space Coalescence (DCPC) model is used to calculate the yield of kaonic nuclei. Results showed that the yield of charged particles was consistent with experimental data from the STAR detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory (United States). The data also revealed that the simulated yield of [Formula: see text] was greater than the yield of [Formula: see text]. The kaonic nuclei [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are probably formed by [Formula: see text](or [Formula: see text]) directly trapping two protons (or antiprotons).


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine both single and joint associations of physical activity and conventional cardiovascular risk factors with total and cardiovascular mortality among patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We prospectively followed 3,708 Finnish patients with type 2 diabetes aged 25-74 years. Physical activity, smoking status, blood pressure, height, weight, and serum cholesterol level were determined at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate single and joint effects of physical activity and other cardiovascular risk factors on the risk of mortality.

RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 18.7 years, 1,423 deaths were recorded, 906 of which were due to cardiovascular disease. Moderate or high levels of physical activity were associated with decreased total and cardiovascular mortality, whereas higher levels of BMI and blood pressure and current smoking were associated with increased total and cardiovascular mortality. High serum cholesterol levels also increased cardiovascular mortality. The protective effect of physical activity was consistent in diabetic patients with any levels of BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and smoking.

CONCLUSIONS
A moderate or high level of physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of total and cardiovascular mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. The favorable association of physical activity with longevity was observed regardless of the levels of BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and smoking.


The automotive industry could be facing a situation of profound change and opportunity in the coming decades. There are a number of influencing factors such as increasing urban and aging populations, self-driving cars, 3D parts printing, energy innovation, and new models of transportation service delivery (Zipcar, Uber). The connected car means that vehicles are now part of the connected world, continuously Internet-connected, generating and transmitting data, which on the one hand can be helpfully integrated into applications, like real-time traffic alerts broadcast to smartwatches, but also raises security and privacy concerns. This paper explores the automotive connected world, and describes five killer QS (Quantified Self)-auto sensor applications that link quantified-self sensors (sensors that measure the personal biometrics of individuals like heart rate) and automotive sensors (sensors that measure driver and passenger biometrics or quantitative automotive performance metrics like speed and braking activity). The applications are fatigue detection, real-time assistance for parking and accidents, anger management and stress reduction, keyless authentication and digital identity verification, and DIY diagnostics. These kinds of applications help to demonstrate the benefit of connected world data streams in the automotive industry and beyond where, more fundamentally for human progress, the automation of both physical and now cognitive tasks is underway.


Muscle damage is a common consequence of exercise, particularly eccentric exercise. During eccentric exercise, mechanical damage to the muscle cell occurs, which leads to a variety of metabolic changes in and around the muscle cell inducing more damage. It is possible that adding heat to muscle-damaging exercise may augment the amount of damage. This research sought to answer that question. Seven young men (age 24.7 + 3.57) engaged in an eccentric exercise protocol of the elbow flexors previously proven to elicit muscle damage, first with a thermoneutral core temperature, and two weeks later with an elevated core temperature (38.3 + 0.19°C). Max voluntary contraction (MVC), subjective muscle soreness, and creatine kinase (CK) were measured as indirect indicators of muscle damage before, and 48 hours post-exercise. No significant differences existed between trials in any of the variables measured (p > 0.05). The eccentric exercise protocol failed to induce a significant elevation in CK in either trial (p > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that added heat to eccentric exercise does not influence the amount of muscle damage. Furthermore, CK does not seem to be the best marker of muscle damage due to its high variability among subjects engaging in identical exercise. It is recommended that different methods of measuring muscle damage be employed in the future.


Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic intracellular organelles critical for lipid metabolism. Dynamic alterations in the configurations and functions of LDs during innate immune response to bacterial infections and the underlying mechanisms however, remain largely unknown. Herein, we trace the time-course morphology of LDs in fat bodies of Drosophila after transient bacterial infection. Detailed analysis shows that perilipin1 (plin1), a core gene regulating lipid metabolism of LDs is suppressed by IMD/Relish, an innate immune signaling. During immune activation, downregulated plin1 promotes the enlargement of LDs, which in turn alleviates immune reaction-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. Thus, the growth of LDs is likely an active adaptation to maintain redox homeostasis in response to IMD activation. Therefore, our study provides evidence that plin1 serves as a modulator on LDs' reconfiguration in regulating infection-induced pathogenesis, and Plin1 might be a potential therapeutic target for coordinating inflammation resolution and lipid metabolism.


The polar perturbation is examined when the spacetime is expressed by a 4d metric induced from higher-dimensional Schwarzschild geometry. Since the spacetime background is not a vacuum solution of 4d Einstein equation, the various general principles are used to understand the behaviour of the energy–momentum tensor under the perturbation. It is found that although the general principles fix many components, they cannot fix two components of the energy–momentum tensor. Choosing two components suitably, we derive the effective potential which has a correct 4d limit.


The study utilized a semistructured interview approach to identify phenomena that are related to integrated STEM education by addressing the question: What are the critical components of an integrated STEM definition and what critical factors are necessary for an integrated STEM definition's implementation? Thirteen expert practitioners were identified and interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed for content in three different ways: by person, by interview question, and across all interviews using exploratory data analysis methods. Ten identified phenomena were grouped into two classes: structural implementation phenomena and interpersonal implementation phenomena. The structural implementation phenomena were: subject integration, project-based learning, and design-based education; nontraditional assessment; STEM content; time; professional development; and outside support (from businesses and industry). The interpersonal implementation phenomena include: leadership; collaboration; willingness; authentic, relevant, and meaningful experiences for participants; and outside support (from people in business and industry). The analysis concluded that these phenomena could be considered both critical components and key implementation factors due to their interconnected nature. The data showed that the identified phenomena are necessary as part of an integrated STEM curriculum, which makes them critical components, and that the identified phenomena are critical to create and implement an integrated STEM setting, making them implementation factors as well. Implications for further research include: the possibility of looking at the interconnectedness of the phenomena, examining how each phenomenon contributes to integrated STEM, and measuring current STEM implementations to see if they incorporate the identified phenomena. Additionally, inclusion of an absent phenomenon could be researched to see if integrated STEM education is improved.


The ear, as a biometric, has been given less attention, compared to other biometrics such as fingerprint, face and iris. Since it is a relatively new biometric, no commercial applications involving ear recognition are available. Intensive research in this field is thus required to determine the feasibility of this biometric. In medical field, especially in case of accidents and death, where face of patients cannot be recognized, the use of ear can be helpful. In this work, yet another method of recognizing people through their ears is presented. Local Binary Patterns (LBP) is used as features and the results are compared with that of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). LBP has a high discriminative power, tolerance against global illumination changes and low computational load. Experiments were done on the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi ear image database and results show that LBP yields a recognition rate of 93 % while PCA gives only 85 %.


Planar non-overlapping shape analysis is an important computer vision problem with applications in industrial parts inspection, character recognition, target identification, biological cell analysis etc. Subtopics emphasized in this research include shape representation, measurement and classification. A unified approach composed of contour based algorithms for solving problems of each type is developed, where contour techniques are potentially efficient because they involve relatively small quantities of data.
Assuming that the input images have been properly binarized, contours defining distinct shapes can be extracted by following cracks (i.e., borders between black and white pixels). Shapes can then be aligned by matching their m-point contours. It is shown that given start point k on one contour, optimal scale, rotation and Euclidean distance, d(k), are non-linear functions of sample cross covariances at lag k between the x and y contour coordinate sequences.
Contour models are data compressed shape representations, where the model parameters are contour transforms. Polygon models are among the most popular. Their parameters, namely polygon vertices, permit direct access to individual contour segments. B-spline models are powerful and versatile generalizations of these with parameters called control points. It is shown that under the proper conditions, there exists a fast transform from contour samples to control points. Algorithms for computing arbitrary shape moments, contour curvature, shape projections and related features directly from control points, independent of scale, are then developed.
An intriguing contour based shape recognition scheme, with classification cost virtually independent of the number of prototypes, is also presented. It utilizes complete shape information, is scale-translation-rotation invariant and feasibly realizable. Such schemes are possible for two reasons. First, when matched to the same reference shape, identical test shapes produce d(k) sequences that are cyclic translates. Second, Euclidean distances between matched contour models are directly and efficiently calculable from their n control points, where n is scale insensitive. Error rates of less than 1% were achieved during single font character recognition at 500 dots per inch. Based on similar principles, a method of detecting positions of shape flaws was also developed.


The increased risk of exposure to life-threating nuclear and radiation emergencies warrants the development of FDA-approved medical radiation countermeasures (MRC) as radio mitigators, which can be used after exposure to total body irradiation. Currently, Neupogen and Neulasta are the only FDA-approved radio mitigators but are unfortunately limited by adverse side effects and the need for additional medical supportive care. Bacterial flagellin, the natural agonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5, and apharmacologically optimized derivative entolimod developed by us have powerful activity as a single agent MRC in rodents and non-human primates. Currently entolimod is being developed as a MRC under the FDA's Animal Efficacy Rule, which guides development of drugs for which efficacy testing in humans would be unethical. The lack of induction of cytokine storm post systemically administered entolimod was demonstrated in rodents, non-human primates, and Phase I clinical trials involving nearly 200 subjects. Entolimod stimulates TLR5 on hepatocytes followed by activation of immunoregulatory signaling pathways, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and rapid recruitment of immune cells to the liver. Neutrophils are among the first immune cells that are rapidly recruited to both non-lymphoid and lymphoid tissues post-entolimod. We found that this entolimod-elicited neutrophil response was essential to mitigating radiation damage by promoting the recovery of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. This work underscores the underappreciated importance of TLR5-elicited neutrophils in promoting there generation of hematopoiesis following total body irradiation.


CONTENTS 29.1 Fallowing for Soil Fertility Improvement ................................................................... 426 29.2 Soil Fertility Restoration during a Fallow Cycle ....................................................... 427 29.2.1 Soil Chemical Improvements ........................................................................... 427 29.2.2 Soil Physical Improvements ............................................................................. 427 29.2.3 Soil Biological Improvements .......................................................................... 427 29.2.4 Time Dynamics of Nutrient Accumulation and Soil Fertility Restoration ........................................................................................... 428 29.3 Fallow Systems................................................................................................................ 428 29.3.1 Natural Vegetation Fallows .............................................................................. 429 184.108.40.206 Natural Tree Fallows.......................................................................... 429 18.104.22.168 Natural Shrubby Fallows .................................................................. 429 184.108.40.206 Natural Herbaceous Fallows ............................................................ 430 29.3.2 Planted Fallows .................................................................................................. 431 126.96.36.199 Planted Tree and Shrub Fallows ...................................................... 431 126.96.36.199 Planted Herbaceous Legumes .......................................................... 432 188.8.131.52 Natural vs. Planted Fallows.............................................................. 432 22.214.171.124 Supplementary Inorganic Inputs ..................................................... 433 29.4 Limitations on Fallow Management............................................................................ 433 29.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 434 References ................................................................................................................................... 436


Recently, there has been a growing interest in monitoring aqueous environments using underwater acoustic sensor network (UASNs), which is considered as a novel tool in exploring ocean also in small aqueous environments such as lakes, rivers. Network topology is a crucial factor in determining energy consumption, capacity and reliability of a network, it's necessary for us to know the feasible architectures and their characteristics of UASNs. In this paper, we do a survey on the architecture of UASNs, and classify the architecture into three groups using the node characters as a rule. We also analyze the open questions should to be faced in further research works. The architecture of USANs would be important for application network design, topology control, communication protocols and related study.


Keeping disease-causing microorganisms out of groundwater used for drinking water supplies is important to protect human health. This 7-page fact sheet characterizes the behavior of viruses in septic systems and the soil drain field and summarizes what we know about the extent and character of groundwater contamination with viruses emanating from septic systems. Written by Mary Lusk, Gurpal S. Toor, and Tom Obreza, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, October 2011.
SL351/SS553: Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems: Viruses (ufl.edu)


As the Trust issue in wireless sensor network is emerging as an important factor in security of node. Sensor networks are implementing on large scale in real time environments due to its incredible uses in real life. Wireless sensor network (WSN) don't need human interference for its working so they can place where human cannot reach easily. It is necessary to analyze how to resist attack with a trust scheme. In this report we categorize various types of attacks and counter measures related to trust schemes in WSNs. Furthermore we provide the development of trust mechanism which give a short stigmatization of classic trust methodologies and emphasize the challenge of soft trust scheme in WSNs. Based on the analysis of attack and the existing research an open field and future direction with trust mechanisms in WSNs is provided. In this paper Design efficient wireless sensor network with efficient node selection using PSO with Trust Mechanism for improving the efficiency of existing system. Wireless sensor networks are mainly deployed to monitor events and report data, both continuous and discrete the development of new trust models addressing the continuous data issue and also to combine the data trust and the communication trust to infer the total trust.


This chapter examines Australian literature (poetry, fiction, and plays) dealing with Antarctica, focussing on each text's engagement with the Antarctic environment and the debates surrounding it. Beginning with two late nineteenth.century Antarctic utopias, the survey moves through the work of well-known writers such as Douglas Stewart and Thomas Keneally in the mid-century to more recent writing by Dorothy Porter, Les Murray, Caroline Caddy and others. Less familiar material, such as poetry by Antarctic expeditioners themselves, is also discussed. The essay traces a rough progression in Australian representation of the far southern environment, from an initial utopian approach to an emphasis on its stark, 'timeless' icescape as a minimalist backdrop for human dramas to an appreciation of its changeability, complexity, and fragility.


Based on the modified conjugate gradient method for computing constrained solutions to linear matrix equations, a new effective iterative method is discussed, which is used to find the symmetric solutions to a kind of two-variable Riccati matrix equations(R-MEs) associated with the Nash equilibrium strategies. First, the Newton's method is applied to the R-MEs for computing the symmetric solutions. Then the symmetric solutions or symmetric least-square solutions to the linear matrix equations are derived. Moreover, the modified conjugate gradient method is used to solve the derived linear matrix equations. Finally, a new effective iterative method is established to find the symmetric solutions to the R-MEs. The proposed iterative method can get a symmetric solution as long as the R-MEs have symmetric solutions. It does not require the uniqueness of the problem solution and has no additional limit with respect to the coefficient matrix. Numerical examples show that the new iterative method is effective.


This paper discusses two aspects of the MicroBooNE experiment. We first describe a Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) test setup, a replica of a part of the MicroBooNE PMT system. We use this setup to determine whether varying of the length of the signal cable by a significant amount changes the signal we read from the PMT. Within this setup, we test two lengths of cable. The first is of a small length of one meter, and the second is of a much larger length of sixteen meters. In running identical tests on both cables, we have observed that regardless of the length, the signal shows negligible change. The second aspect of this paper describes studies on neutron-antineutron oscillation within an argon nucleus and its background using a simulation software called LArSoft. Single antiproton annihilation on argon nuclei in the MicroBooNE detector was simulated in LArSoft. We hypothesize that the antiproton annihilating with a nucleon in an argon nucleus would create a similar signature to a neutron oscillating into an antineutron and annihilating with a nucleon within the nucleus. The latter is a phenomenon which has not yet been observed and which we hope to see in the future in large liquid argon time projection chamber detectors.


This article is aimed at strengthening the protection of the rights and freedoms of minors. Particular attention is paid to the study of the trend of adequate criminal protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors as an object of crime in the world, scientific analysis to improve the mechanisms for ensuring reliable protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors in achieving socio-economic stability. In particular, the rights of minors to justice are not fully guaranteed, the issues of improving the legal status of minors in penitentiary institutions are not fully understood, the rights of minors in conflict situations, as well as the socio-economic and political rights of minors, are not fully guaranteed. It is important to examine the implementation of international standards on minors into national legislation. The purpose of the article is to improve the criminal responsibility for involving a minor in antisocial behavior, to identify the causes of this type of crime and to develop specific proposals and recommendations for their elimination.


Abstract Nucleophilic ring-opening and rearrangement reaction of a furanopyrimidine nucleoside with anhydrous hydrazine provided a novel, 6,6-bicyclic pyrimidopyridazin-7-one nucleoside (dH, 4 ), whose structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. This novel nucleoside was converted to its 5′-triphosphate (dHTP) for studies with DNA polymerases and incorporated into a template by using standard phosphoramidite chemistry. In the template, dH directed the incorporation of dATP and to a lesser extent dGTP into the transcript and dHTP was efficiently incorporated at the 3′-end of a primer opposite dA using both exonuclease free Klenow fragment (KF exo-) and Taq DNA polymerases and extended with natural dNTPs.


There is a great liquidity risk on opened--endfund. Under unnormative conditions, the opened-endfund in our country, which will on going, will face even more risk. In this article, directing to the main risk that the opened-endfund will meet, writer analysis its intensive expression-liquidity risk and provide method to control and perfect it.


Development of nonvirulent, alcohol-acid resi stant strains of tubercle bacilli under various chemical and physical stimuli was studied. One such attenuated strain was obtained by treatment of a virulent strain with trichloroiodopyridine at a concentration of 1% for 30 to 80 days. This strain conferred immunity in guinea pigs, except when the immunizing injections were given in mineral oil, a property also found wtth BCG. Ten attenuated strains were obtained from 5 virulent strains by ultraviolet or x irradiation. X irradiation was applied to 5- to 9-day cultures in doses of 1000 to 1500 r, and incubation was carried out for 30 days. Such irradiation did not modify BCG and Vallee bovine strains, nor did it alter the streptomycin, ioniazid, or paminosalicylate resistance of resistant virulent strains. (H.H.D.)


This article focuses on different mechanisms and procedures of the Turkish Ombudsman Institution and the Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey (TIHEK) to protect the fundamental rights of migrants detained pending removal in Turkey. In particular, the article examines the role of the Turkish Ombudsman Institution and the Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey and the effectiveness of their complaint and reporting mechanisms in protecting migrants in detention. In doing so, the article attempts to identify reasons that both the Turkish Ombudsman Institution and the TIHEK's capacity, as well as the effectiveness of their procedures in protecting the rights of migrants in detention, so far has been rather limited. The assessment is based on a literature review. In the first section, immigration detention in Turkey and challenges that foreigners face in removal centres are reviewed to emphasize the significance of the complaint and reporting mechanisms of the Turkish Ombudsman Institution and TIHEK for the protection of detained migrants in Turkey. Whilst the second section of the article examines the Ombudsman Institution and the effectiveness of its complaint's mechanism in the context of immigration detention, the third section focuses on the TIHEK and its reporting mechanism and assesses the effectiveness of its reports on removal centers and other places where foreigners are deprived of their liberty. The article concludes with a number of recommendations on how both Institution's complaint and reporting mechanisms and their role in protecting migrants in detention can be improved.


: Suspension system of an automobile plays an important role in ensuring the stability of the automobile. Another major aspect of suspension system in passenger cars is luxury. A lot of research is going on in this direction, to further the development of independent suspension systems for automobiles. In the independent suspension system the control arm plays a major role. It is generally made of forged steel but this material is found to be excessively heavy in the current context of the quest for reducing the weight of the automobiles without any significant changes to design. In this task of designing the control arms with alternative materials, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software being extensively used to perform the topology optimization. The main objective of this study is to reduce the weight of the lower control arm of independent suspension by using topology optimization and material optimization. Static loads were taken into consideration and analysis is done for two different models viz. the existing model and an optimized model developed by topology optimization. Static structural analysis s& modal analysis of lower control arm is carried out by using HYPERWORKS. The obtained results of existing model are compared with the optimized model and their weights are calculated for two different materials. The best model from this study is proposed based on the topology and material optimization. The lower control arm is one of the major parts of the front suspension system which controls the wheel trace and transmits the load on the wheel by the road to other parts of the car. When the car runs on the road, the lower control arm is subjected to complex loads that constantly change with time. Thus, the mechanical performance, usually relating to strength and stiffness are critical to the safety and reliability of the car. four for the present study. The of the are from the and is by the commercial modelling tool The developed lower control arm consists of one and the of the At one end the arm is fixed to the wheel hub and other two endsare connected to the chassis and the steering link. This affects the performance, and suspension crucial the and of the of the road and structure optimization in automotive industry to improve the performance and reduce the weight of latest cars. static load conditions are not the actual operational load for all the components of suspension system which are subjected to complex loads varying with time, particularly lower control arm. topology optimization of lower arm suspension of double wishbone suspension by using finite element analysis. Design of the lower arm suspension is done in Uni graphics. Analysis is done in Altair Hyper Works and solver used is Abacus. In first stage of analysis area of maximum stress is recognized. In second stage it was attempted to improve the structural strength and reduce the stress using topography optimization approach in Hyper Works. Stiffness is improved for a lower arm suspension. study of al. (2013), on stress strain analysis of lower control arm. wishbone control arm is type of independent used in motor vehicles. general function of control arms the wheels of control arm suspension upper and and control structures model purpose control shock absorber than the upper of its position and load bearing capacities. the wishbone shape carries most of the load from the control most of the impact the road has on the wheels of the vehicle. the The details of the geometry are taken from an existing component and the 3D model is developed by the commercial tool "CATIA" as described above and the file is saved in step file. After developing the CATIA model, it is exported to HYPERMESH. The figure 4.1 shows the imported file from CATIA.


Cropland soil is recognized as a potential major contributor to mitigation global warming by using soil as a carbon sink to sequester carbon dioxide in recent years. Large amount of studies have reported that the soil organic carbon (SOC) content in Chinese cropland soil was increased. While the climate benefits of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils was offset by the N2O emissions from greater use of fertilizer and CO2-eq releases during the manufacture and distribution of the large amounts of applied fertilizer. In this study, we calculate the net GWP of the Chinese main cropping systems by reviewing the studies on soil GHG emissions, CO2-eq emissions and SOC change, to see the integrate effect of cropping systems on GHG emissions. The results showed that the Chinese main cropping systems were large source of CO2-eq, fall in a range of 2209 ± 2557 kg CO2-eq ha yr for MNE to 23581 ± 16925 kg CO2-eq ha yr for GV, following the rank of MNE < MNW < WM < SR < RR < RW < OV < DR < GV. N2O emissions, CO2-eq emissions from the manufacture and distribution of N fertilizer, power used for irrigation were the top three sources of CO2-eq, they totally contribute to 86.6–93.6% of the TPCE in five dry croplands cropping systems. But four rice-based cropping systems, CH4 emissions become one of the large contributors of TPCE except the top three sources of CO2-eq in dry land cropping systems.


The synthesis,structures and photophysics of a series of heteroleptic iridium(Ⅲ) complexes with 5-substitute-8-quinolinolates and 2-phenylpyridine as the cyclometalating ligands are reported.The complexes have the general structure (C^N)2IrQ,where C^N represents 2-phenylpyridine and Q is derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline.The crystal structure of the complex (ppy)2IrQPhOMe (7b) has been determined by X-ray crystallography.Assessment of the thermal stabilities of the complexes reveals greatly differences depending on the substituents on the quinolinolato ligand.At room temperature,the complexes with 5-phenyl-quinolinolato ligand have red phosphorescent emission with two structured emission peaks,which are almost equal intensity at 666 and 687 nm.It is found that the emission characteristics are dominated by the 5-phenyl-quinolinolato ligand,whereas substitute groups on phenyl have less impact on the emission characteristics.Furthermore,the complex with 5-amido-8hydroxyquinoline as ligand,complex 8,shows unstructured emission at 550 nm,which is similar to (ppy)2Ir(acac) suggesting 2-phenylpyridine governed emission in this case.The polymer phosphorescent organic light-emitting device (OLED) was fabricated by doping complex 7b in PFO + 30 wt% PBD,and gives red EL spectra with CIE coordinates of (0.61,0.33) at 14 V and maximum luminance intensity of 350 cd/m2 at 18V.


Many consumer brands try their best to offer promotions that attract new customers with that hope the customer will remain loyal to the brand and come back to buy more. However, only a fraction of customers who use these promotions actually remained loyal after the promotion period. This type of person typically bought products because they had a promotion (one-time deal hunter) As a result, promotional campaigns have become less effective. Thus, the prediction model is now a popular tool to make predictions about customers who remained loyal after the promotional period to make it more targeted and maximize its effectiveness. In this paper, a solution was proposed on repeat buyer prediction in order to identify buyers with the potential to come back to buy more products. This solution would help companies reduce their budgets in terms of distributing promotional offers to customers, not just a one-time deal hunter. In this study, the dataset used was called "Acquire Value Shopper Challenge", which focused on customers transactions and used a promotional offering information on the Kaggle website. The aspect of feature engineering was based on a summary and the aggregation of customers transaction over a few months. The classifier and regressor techniques for creating prediction models, which included a random forest classifier, a random forest regressor, an XGBoost classifier, and a gradient boost regressor which incorporated with leave one out technique. To evaluate the models, the area under the operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used. The final result was 0.60936 which is equivalent to twentieth place in the contest. The first place in the contest was 0.62703.


This thesis entitled "need to reform Article 407, subsection 9 CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISH extraordinary appeal in sustaining TRIALS OF AMOUNT LESS THAN FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS" arises from the inability to bring the action extraordinary appeal in small claims procedures to five thousand dollars, made that violates the provisions of Article 75 of our Constitution, given that the rights of people seeking justice, leaving them defenseless integrally tutelan.
However, they may use the principle of double compliant, but this does not guarantee the full exercise of the rights of the parties in a dispute, that is, the manifests attentive ban on the principle of equality and the principle of uniformity.
Because of the amount you can not sacrifice the filing of the extraordinary appeal, since less than five thousand US dollars amount alone represents a significant amount for a person of limited resources.
The Constitution of the Republic establishes safeguards that are essential for the parties to come to justice, including guarantees legal certainty, effective protection and due process.
The purpose of this research is to fully protect the rights of people seeking justice, providing them with the necessary legal certainty, which means creating conditions where the legal system assumes an objective application.
5
The theoretical and doctrinal compilation, conducting surveys and interviews yielded widely recognized criteria clear and precise basis of literature, which contributed to the verification of the objectives and the hiring of the hypothesis.


Most religions have images of their gods or spirits. There is often a preferred 'veronica' or true image. The function of images is, according to the Catholic Church, to provide a focus for contemplation and the reflection of faith (McCrone, 1996). Often the image of the sacred is shrouded from human view, destructive to gaze upon or an imperfect reflection. Aspects of divinity are often perceived by some peoples in the spread of a disease through a population or its natural history in the signs and symptoms it creates in a body. Here we see an image of the god of capitalism (Figure 1). We can produce it from a variety of data, on the value of stock, prices of a variety of goods and services, and other means. But in general, the image is very similar. It traces the behavior of man's faith in the value of his creations and in his future wealth. It is the single most important representation of the health of the world economy. In a Durkheimian sense, it gives as a representation of the sum total of society's active mood and reflects, as some economists have said, the attitude and character of humanity. In a sociobiological sense, it represents the pushing and shoving of the actors involved, each trying to capture a greater share of the wealth available now and in the future, like ants (described by E.O. Wilson, 1976) trying to individually seize a piece of food, their common actions can be argued to be a tide of social consequence increasing the fitness of all concerned as they result in the arrival of the food in the nest.


The deposit guarantee system in Poland was devised at the time of the economic transformation. Its creation resulted from a difficult situation in the banking sector, and so it was meant to be an antidote to clients' problems associated with the insolvency of collapsing banks and with adjusting to European community law. The aim of this work is to present the Bank Guarantee Fund—an institution that is part of the financial safety net, whose main task is to protect the interest of depositors and to ensure the banking system's stability. The paper looks at some aspects of the growing interest in bank deposit insurance schemes and lively discussions on the subject during a crisis in banking markets. In response to the crisis that started in the subprime lending market in the USA and spread to other segments of the financial markets as well as to other countries, the ECOFIN made a decision to increase the existing guarantee limits for individual persons and to speed up the payout of guaranteed funds. The above changes were aimed at strengthening the security of clients and increasing confidence in the banking sector.


Multiple growth factors that circulate in plasma have been shown to stimulate cellular growth in vitro. The plasma growth factors appear to stimulate DNA synthesis in cultured fibroblasts only after prior exposure of cell growth factors derived from circulating cell types, such as platelets and macrophages. The purpose of these studies was to investigate the role of the plasma growth factors in stimulating smooth muscle cell replication following exposure to platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). Following transient exposure to PDGF, insulin stimulated smooth muscle cell replication but only when supraphysiologic concentrations were used (i.e., greater than 1.0 μg/ml). Somatomedin‐C (Sm‐C), in contrast, was found to stimulate a 320% increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation when concentrations that are present in extracellular fluids were used (i.e., 0.5–10 ng/ml). Epidermal growth factor (EGF), an important mitogen for multiple cell types, caused a 70% increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation when added to quiescent cells following PDGF exposure, and EGF caused a substantial increase in the absolute level of [3H]thymidine incorporation when coincubated with Sm‐C. When EGF (1 ng/ml) was incubated simultaneously with concentrations of Sm‐C between 1 and 10 ng/ml plus Sm‐C‐deficient plasma, maximal [3H]thymidine incorporation was 2.1‐fold greater in the presence of EGF. In contrast, insulin (20 ng/ml), when coincubated with Sm‐C under similar conditions, had no enhancing effect on the cellular response to Sm‐C. None of the plasma factors tested was an effective stimultant of replication when incubated either in serum‐free medium or in the presence of Sm‐C‐deficient plasma without prior PDGF exposure. Hydrocortisone was shown to inhibit smooth muscle cell replication in concentrations between 10−7 and 10−5M. In summary, multiple plasma growth factors can stimulate the smooth muscle cell replication, and Sm‐C appears to be most effective of those tested. Insulin and EGF appear to work by different mechanisms; that is, EGF can facilitate the cellular response to Sm‐C, whereas insulin is effective only at supraphysiologic concentrations at which it will directly bind to Sm‐C receptors.


People with epilepsy (PWE) face numerous difficulties. Because of the complicity of the disease, a thorough treatment of those patients requires a multidisciplinary approach. One of the important aspects such approach should take into account is the quality of life of PWE. Apart from the pharmacological solutions, it is necessary to further search for non-pharmacological ones. In addition to raising education and level of awareness this means dealing with physical activity due to numerous benefits. Sometimes doctors themselves do not know how to assess risks and benefits, and in order to protect the patients, advise that it is best not to engage in any sport, thereby contributing to the vicious circle - fear - stigma - poor quality of life. The aim of this paper is to unify the experiences of various researchers on this topic, to point out the many difficulties that PWE meet, and to define guidelines in the workplace. We will try to answer a commonly posed question which sometimes in practice remain unclarified, that is - whether epilepsy patients should be involved in sports, if so - which sport, and what intensity of physical activity would be allowed, can they participate in the competitions. In order to provide patients with a decent life quality it is necessary to work on the education of patients and doctors, and the society as well. While giving recommendations, it is necessary to follow the guidelines, among which are the most comprehensive ones were created by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in 2016.


Adaptive detection of distributed radar targets in homogeneous Gaussian noise plus subspace interference is addressed. It is assumed that the actual steering vectors lie along a fixed and unknown direction of a preassigned and known subspace, while interfering signals are supposed to belong to an unknown subspace, with directions possibly varying from one resolution cell to another. The resulting detection problem is formulated in the framework of statistical hypothesis testing and solved using an ad hoc algorithm strongly related to the generalised likelihood ratio test. A performance analysis, carried out also in comparison to natural benchmarks, is presented.


In order to study the content characteristics of available microelements in typical tobacco-planting soils of Shandong Province, soil samples were collected from 6 main tobacco-planting regions, i.e., Linqu, Mengyin, Zhucheng, Feixian, Wulian and Juxian and the available contents of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the samples were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the contents of available Fe and Mn in the plough horizon were plentiful, while those of Cu and Zn were moderate and insufficient respectively; 2) available Fe, Mn and Zn were obviously accumulated in plough horizon while available Cu distributed homogeneously in the profile; 3) available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in soils derived from calcareous purple sandstone were significantly lower than from other parent materials; 4) significantly negative correlations were observed between the contents of available Fe and Mn and soil pH while a significantly positive correlation found between soil available Cu, Zn and soil organic matter.


A new differential operator Dα,λ,γ,βm is introduced and a new subclass of analytic functions with negative coefficients defined by this operator is investigated. Some results on coefficient inequalities, distortion theorems and extreme points of analytic functions belonging to the subclass are obtained.A new differential operator Dα,λ,γ,βm is introduced and a new subclass of analytic functions with negative coefficients defined by this operator is investigated. Some results on coefficient inequalities, distortion theorems and extreme points of analytic functions belonging to the subclass are obtained.


The article is devoted to the review of creative work of Mikhail Yakovlevich Basov a Russian scientist who worked at the beginning of the 20th century. The article presents the periods of the scientist's creative research, the dynamics of his scientific world outlook having an impact on the change of his presentation of the subject and methods of research in psychology. In this publication the author's method of objective observation is examined, as well as the demands needed for the researcher to realize it competently, so that it will let the latter make a competent psychological characteristics of the respondent. Being an apologist of paedology M. Basov promoted the introduction of the idea of a complex (integral) research of personality into the Soviet psychology. Consistently moving in his scientific ideas Basov favoured introducing a new subject of research into the native psychology activity, due to which the transformation of a human being out of an individual into a personality, formation of his consciousness and self-consciousness, biological and psychological development were realized. Basov argued the reasonability of carrying out the observation of children for studying the periods of their development, emphasizing that they, unlike adults, are always in the process of maturing. The scientist accentuated his attention on the developing of a personality being realized in the society that is why one should study a preschool child in the game process. After introducing the definition "task" M. Basov demonstrated that its orientation influences the character of the fulfilling activity, thereby the activity can carry both a reproductive and a constructive character. Based on this discovery Mikhail Yakovlevich called for teachers to use their various educational arsenal in the professional activity, which will let a pupil and a trainee fulfil the offered action creatively. Starting with Basov's works, which grounded the reasonability of introducing into the scientific research the principles of historical methods, integrity, methods of structure, selectivity and heterochronicity, actual research in the field of child psychology and age-specific psychology started to be realized; age-specific psychology and pedagogical psychology began to develop in harmonic synthesis; the attention of the scientist on the individual features of children, which depended both on the heredity and the society, later became the framework for designing a personality, differential psychology and psychology of sex, psychology of creation, psychology of labour.


In creating the drama of Han Gong Qiu,Ma Zhiyuan,a famous drama writer in the Yuan Dynasty,used three types of reference,namely inheriting,borrowing and melting,to the Yongshi poems which were wrriten by poets of earlier and his times.In a sense,the creative skills and creative thinking of Yongshi poets had a certain impact on Ma Zhiyuan's creation of this drama.In Han Gong Qiu,he realized the integration of poetry and drama.Han Gong Qiu has been considered a long poem which was wrapped by drama's framework.


Abstract The magnitude and characteristics of domestic violence in an urban community in the Philippines are described in this paper, using an ecological framework that tried to link individual, family and community factors. In particular, this study has sought to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and establish significant associations among identified risk factors and violence perpetrated by spouses in urban Filipino families. A random community survey was conducted among ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years and residing in selected barangays in Paco, Manila. The World SAFE (World Studies of Abuse in Family Environment) standardized instrument and field methods, translated and pre-tested in Tagalog, were used to collect the data. Information was gathered via interviews conducted by trained enumerators. The results indicate that 47.2 percent of the women respondents had experienced psychological and physical violence at the hands of their intimate partners during their lifetimes. Twenty-nine percent experienced domestic violence perpetrated by their current partners in the past year. Of the latter, about 31 percent suffered physical maltreatment and 68 percent experienced psychological abuse. The leading types of physical maltreatment were repeated slapping, kicking and beating, even during pregnancy. Major psychological abuse included insulting, belittling and use of threats. Recommendations have been made to strengthen current programs to assist women victims of domestic violence. Future research should focus on the evaluation of these interventions.


The effects of allopurinol on the plasma clearance and metabolism of theophylline in man were investigated under single‐dose and multiple‐dosing conditions. No change in theophylline clearance was found with the concomitant use of allopurinol but 1‐methylxanthine (1MX), a theophylline metabolite not previously described in man, was detected in urine during control and allopurinol treatment phases under both single‐ and multiple‐dosing conditions. 1MX excretion increased at the expense of 1‐methyluric acid (IMU) during the allopurinol treatment phase. It is proposed that the secondary biotransformation of 1MX to IMU is mediated by xanthine oxidase.


Abstract During February and March 1988, a limited field experiment was conducted over the Gulf of Mexico to gather data on two phenomena: air mass modification over the Loop Current, and return flow characteristics of modified polar air returning to the southern shores of the United States. Six-hourly radiosondes, special Cross-Chain LORAN (Long-Range Aid to Navigation) Atmospheric Sounding System (CLASS) soundings, and three P-3 flights including dropwindsondes and Airborne Expendable Bathythermograph (AXBT) measurement were taken. The experiment objectives and the data are described.


Lee asks that Prof. Campbell organize the faculty in his absence in preparation for the beginning of the fall semester.


This study investigates the effects profitability and leverage on tax avoidance. This study used a quantitative approach supported by secondary data. The population of this study comprises all mining companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). The sample was 11 companies according to the specified criteria selected by the purposive sampling method. Based on a panel data regression analysis, the results of this study indicate that profitability and leverage negatively affects tax avoidance. Overall, the model supported that profitability and leverage significantly affect tax avoidance. According to the analysis, where the tendency of tax avoidance is more influenced by profitability, the implications for a government policy related to tax avoidance practices are concentrated on the profitability aspect.


Ice cream, a milk-based product, can be a good source for a microbial growth due to its nutrient content, optimal pH, and long storage even though it is stored in a frozen state. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an irradiation on Listeria ivanovii, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated in to chocolate ice cream.Commercial chocolate ice cream was purchased, radiation-sterilized, inoculated with each of The the pathogens at 10 7 -10 8 CFU/g inoculums levels and stored at -20 0 C. Then, the Sample was treated at 0, 1, 3, and 5 kGy by maintaining a frozen temperature using dry ice. Gamma irradiation effectively reduced the microbial levels of all the pathogens in proportion to the irradiation dose. Specially, no viable cells were observed in the chocolate ice cream irradiated at 5 kGy. However, in the non-irradiated chocolate ice cream, the population of the pathogens ranged from 10 4 to 10 7 CFU/g. D10 values of L. ivanovii and E. coli were 0.30 ± 0.02 kGy and 0.29 ± 0.05 kGy, respectively. D10 value of S. Typhimurium could not be obtained because 1 kGy of an irradiation lowered the bacterial counts to below the detection limit (<10 2 CFU/g). The results indicated that food-borne pathogen in chocolate ice cream can be effectively reduced by a low dose gamma irradiation, 5 kGy or less.


The aim of the study is to identify the functional responses with changing intensity loads for free style junior wrestler, through the identification of the relation between theses functional variables and intensity load the sample of the study consist of (16) junior player from sports school the researcher have used the descriptive method and the most important result of this study is to recognize the contribution rate of some functional variables responses with changing intensity of training loads, and equations have been reached to predict each intensity load of changing intensity .


A general guide that includes study materials and resources relating to the history, creation, and production of music. Music History -> Medieval Music


The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of a natural antioxidant substance in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) feeds. An olive oil by-product, olive mill vegetation


Objective
To investigate the effect of laparoscopic surgery on apoptotic rate and expressions of Survivin and Bax in cervical cancer cells.

Methods
80 patients with cervical cancer admitted to our department from March, 2015 to March, 2016 were randomly divided into group A and group B according to different surgical methods, 40 cases for each group. Group A were treated with laparoscopic hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, and group B with open hysterectomy. At the same time, 40 patients with benign uterine lesions were selected as group C, and were treated with laparoscopic hysterectomy. The apoptotic rate of cervical tissue was measured by flow cytometry before and after the operation; and the expressions of Survivin and Bax in cervical tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry.

Results
The apoptotic rate of cervical cancer cells was (6.08±0.15)% in both group A and group B before operation, and was (27.08±0.56)% in group A and (7.18±0.21)% in group B after operation, with a statistical difference between before and after operation in group A(P 0.05]. The expression rates of Survivin and Bax were 20% and 80% in group A, were 45% and 40% in group B, and were 40% and 45% in group C after operation, with statistical differences between before and after operation in group A (P 0.05).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer has the advantage of increasing the apoptotic rate of cancer cells. Its mechanism may be related to the changes of Survivin and Bax expressions in cancer cells after operation. This method should be further studied and popularized.

Key words:
Cervical cancer; Laparoscopic surgery; Apoptotic rate; Survivin; Bax


Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) as the key component of alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are closely related to its performance. Reducing membrane thickness as much as possible on...


Timing Is Everything, Right? Meal Impact on Circadian Related Health Steven K. Malin Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901; Center for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901; and Institute of Translational Medicine & Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901


A neonate presented after birth with scrotal and right inguinal ecchymosis. He had been born at term after a difficult vaginal delivery that ultimately required both fundal pressure and vacuum extraction. The thorax was not manipulated during birth.


OBJECTIVES
To present the results following a UK national patient dose audit of paediatric CT examinations, to propose updated UK national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and to analyse current practice to see if any recommendations can be made to assist with optimisation.

METHODS
A UK national dose audit was undertaken in 2019 focussing on paediatric CT examinations of the head, chest, abdomen/pelvis and cervical spine using the methods proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The audit pro-forma contained mandatory fields, of which the post-examination dosimetry (CTDIvol and DLP) and the patient weight (for body examinations) were the most important.

RESULTS
Analysis of the data submitted indicates that it is appropriate to propose national DRLs for CT head examinations in the 0- < 1, 1- < 5, 5- < 10 and 10- < 15 year age ranges. This extends the number of age categories of national DRLs from those at present and revises the existing values downwards. For CT chest examinations, it is appropriate to propose national DRLs for the first time in the UK for the 5- < 15, 15- < 30, 30- < 50 and 50- < 80 kg weight ranges. There were insufficient data received to propose national DRLs for abdomen/pelvis or cervical spine examinations. Recommendations towards optimisation focus on the use of tube current (mA) modulation, iterative reconstruction and the selection of examination tube voltage (kVp).

CONCLUSIONS
Updated UK national DRLs are proposed for paediatric CT examinations of the head and chest.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
A national patient dose audit of paediatric CT examinations has led to the proposal of updated national DRLs.


This paper, which examines the use of information technology (IT) in the banking institutions of UK business, is the fourth in a series investigating the application of IT in different industry sectors. Other papers have looked at newspapers (Holloway, 1987a), electronic publishing (Holloway, 1987b) and the holiday and travel industry (Holloway, 1988). Throughout the paper, IT is taken to mean the whole range of computer facilities for the acquisition, storage, transmission, retrieval, processing and output of information.


The function of database of king view is weak. This paper introduces how to use Visual Basic to expend the function of database of king view. It has been proved practically that this database and king view form a perfect software system.


This study aimed to investigate the relationship between participation in different types of continuing professional development (CPD), and incidences and types of public complaint against physicians.


Introduction Nanoparticle iron oxide such as NANOCAT® Superfine Fe2O3 (referred as NANOCAT® hereafter) by Mach I, Inc. was evaluated as a potential catalyst for Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) process shortly after it became available. Recently, it was found that the material, which has an average particle size of 3 nm, was an efficient CO catalyst with a performance far better than other supported or unsupported iron oxide. It is also known that the reduced form of Fe2O3 such as Fe3O4 is the effective catalytic component for CO + NO reaction. Therefore, NANOCAT® could potentially be used as a catalyst for the simultaneous CO and NO removal in biomass pyrolysis and combustion, for example, in cigarette. The kinetics of NANOCAT® as a CO catalyst in the wellcontrolled gaseous environments of CO and O2 has been presented elsewhere. However, the performance of a CO/NO catalyst in a clean, contaminant-free gaseous environment is not necessarily transferable to the application of biomass pyrolysis and combustion since a lot of other pyrolytic products could potentially deactivate the catalyst. In this study, biomass was pre-mixed with NANOCAT® prior to pyrolysis and oxidation. The mixed NANOCAT® went through the pyrolysis and the oxidation processes with biomass and its effect on CO and NO removal was then evaluated. The experimental results on biomass were compared to those obtained in the controlled gaseous environment and the possible difference in the catalytic mechanism under two different conditions was discussed. Under the well-controlled gaseous condition, NANOCAT® was an efficient catalyst for the 2CO + O2 = 2CO2 reaction, as shown in Figure 1. The performance of NANOCAT® was significantly better compared to the other forms of iron oxide such as α-Fe2O3. The onset temperature was at least 100 C lower and the CO conversion efficiency was almost ten times higher. The dramatic improvement was attributed to the small particle size and the existence of the FeOOH phase in NANOCAT®. In the absence of O2, NANOCAT® was reduced by CO to form Fe3O4, FeO, and Fe, which were catalysts for the 2CO + 2NO = 2CO2 + N2 reaction, also shown in Figure 1. Experimental Materials. The NANOCAT® sample was purchased from MACH I, Inc. (King of Prussia, PA.). The sample was a free flow, brownish color powder with a bulk density of only 0.05 g/cm. The average particle size was 3 nm and the BET surface area was 250 m/g, according to the manufacturer. The biomass sample used in the experiment was a mixture of tobacco powders including Bright, Burley, and Oriental. Sample also contained 7% moisture. The powder was sieved through a 200-mesh screen. The CO (4%), NO (5000 ppm), and O2 (21%) gases, all balanced with Helium, and mixtures of 3.44% CO with 20.6% O2, also balanced with helium, were purchased from BOC Gases with certified analysis. Flow tube reactor system. The experiments with biomass were carried out in a flow tube reactor system. 500 mg of biomass powder was used as a control sample. 500 mg of biomass + 50 mg of NANOCAT®, mixed thoroughly, was used as the test sample. The samples were then placed in a quartz flow tube (length: 50 cm, I.D: 2.0 cm) and sandwiched by two clean pieces of quartz wool in the center of the flow tube. The flow tube was then placed inside a Thermcraft furnace controlled by a temperature programmer. The sample temperature was monitored by an Omega K-type thermocouple inserted into the sample. Another thermocouple was placed in the middle of the furnace, outside the flow tube, to monitor the furnace temperature. An in house Labview-based program recorded the temperature data. The temperatures of the sample were used in all plots except indicated otherwise. The inlet gases to the flow tube were controlled by a Hastings digital flow meter. The effluents first passed through an ultra fine fiber glass filter pad to collect the room temperature condensables. The gases were then analyzed by an online NGA2000-MLT multi-gas analyzer from Rosemount Analytical. The analyzer used non-dispersive near infrared detectors for CO, NO and CO2, and a paramagnetic detector for oxygen. The rate of data acquisition was one measurement for all gases per second. A two-step experiment of pyrolysis and oxidation was carried out for both pure biomass and biomass mixed with NANOCAT®. In the first step, sample was heated at about 12 C/min. heating rate to 350 C with a hold time of 20 minutes under 500 mL/min. flow of helium. After the sample was completely cooled down to the ambient temperature, the second step, the oxidation of the freshly formed char was performed. In this step, the inlet gas containing 21% O2, was flown at 500 mL/min., and the temperature was raised from ambient to 750 C at about 12 C/min. heating rate. CO, NO, and CO2 production in both steps, and O2 consumption in the second step were measured. The condensate collected in the pyrolysis step was also gravimetrically measured. The catalytic performance of NANOCAT® for CO + O2 and CO + NO reactions in the well-controlled gaseous environments were evaluated in the same setup but with a narrower quartz tube (I.D.: 0.8 cm). The total gas flow rate was fixed at 1000 mL/min. and the NANOCAT® used in each test was 50 mg.


The poetry of writer Janet Frame is analysed to explore the manner in which her style blurs the lines between prose and poetry. Her poems such as 'Cat Spring' and 'Pukeko' are examined to understand her self-reflexive use of language, which she considers an apt means of communication which also constricts simultaneously.


Rev. ed. of: Cancer and its management / Robert Souhami, Jeffrey Tobias. 5th ed. 2005. - Includes bibliographical references and index.