In the problem of testing goodness-of-fit, widely used test statistics form the L 2 -distance. This paper studies the L 2 -distance class of statistics for testing goodness-of-fit. The phrase " L 2 -distance class" means they consistently estimate the L 2 -distance which measures the discrepancy between two probability distributions. Especially the case in which statistics include parameter estimators is investigated. It is shown that the proposed statistic has asymptotic normality under both the null and the alternative distribution. This work is essentially a generalization of the result due to Ahmad (1993) for the particular case of CramA©r-von Mises statistic and is closely related to that by de Wet and Randles (1987). Several examples that illustrate the theory are also given.


The metal borides: YReB4, YCrB4 (YCrB4 structural type), Y2ReB6, Sc2ReB6 (Y2ReB6), Y3ReB7, Y3MoB7, and Y3WB7 (Y3ReB7), and YMo3B7 (YMo3B7) structural types, and their solid-solutions: YRe1–xCrxB4, Y1–xScxCrB4, Y2–2xSc2xReB6, Y2Re1–xCrxB6, and YMo1–xWxB7 were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and studied for their mechanical properties. These metal borides possess unique crystal structures, not found in any other type of borides: alternating metal and boron layers with boron being arranged in 5-, 6-, and 7-member rings (YCrB4, Y2ReB6), corrugated cages of 5- and 13-member boron rings (Y3ReB7), as well as stacked layers of ribbons of hexagonal boron atoms 6 rings wide (YMo3B7). Although none of these borides in pure form possess high hardness, their solid solutions are superhard (Vickers hardness above 40 GPa): 42.48 ± 2.13 GPa for an alloy with a nominal composition of (YRe0.5Cr0.5):4B, 42.02 ± 2.05 GPa for (Y0.5Sc0.5Cr):4B and 41.33 ± 2.18 GPa for (YScRe):6B...


Ada packages to support event and process oriented simulation have been developed at Texas A&M University. These packages include standard facilities as queue handling, random number generation, automatic statistics collection and simulation control. This paper provides an overview of the system facilities followed by an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of Ada as an implementation language for simulation software. Based on our experience Ada has appeal as a general purpose language which can be integrated into larger systems. It is portable among various computer architectures. It provides a rich base of constructs in which to implement models, and offers promise in terms of execution on parallel architectures.


Introduction: The detection of amino acids at ultra high field is enhanced due to improved spectral resolution in comparison to 3T. However, due to J-modulation and T2 losses short spin echo acquisitions are typically used at 7T. Unfortunately, broad macromolecule resonances, visible at short TE, can make accurate detection of the metabolites difficult. J refocused coherence transfer spectroscopy is known to suppress J-modulation of coupled spin systems allowing echo times to be lengthened to suppress macromolecule signals. We describe simulation and implementation of a J-refocused transfer sequence for spectroscopic imaging of glutamate and glutamine in the human brain at 7T. Methods: The J-refocused transfer sequence is a double echo sequence where J-modulation of spin coupled resonances is induced in the first echo, reciprocally transferred and rephased in the second echo. In this implementation, slice selective pulses are used for the excitation and transfer pulses. For water suppression, an optimized broad T1 inversion approach using three low power (narrow band) adiabatic inversion pulses and optimized delays was used to suppress water over a range of T1 values (400-5000ms). These pulses were applied using a "homogeneous" RF distribution (phases and amplitudes of the individual coils of the transceiver array optimized to maximize homogeneity over the entire slice), while a separate RF "ring" distribution (optimized for the scalp) was used for outer volume suppression (1). A Varian DirectDrive head only 7T system with a gradient head insert and 1-3 order shims was used. An 8 element transceiver array was used for all studies with a CPC RF amplifier operating in 8x1kW mode. The two RF distributions (homogeneous and ring) were determined for each volunteer by B1 mapping and RF shimming. Non-iterative Bo shimming was performed using 1-3 order shim corrections, resulting in σBo ~10Hz for the entire slice over the centrum seimovale. Phase encoding (24x24) was performed over 192x192 FOV, 10mm slice (voxel size 0.64cc), TR/TE 1500/34ms. The study duration was ~50min including B1, Bo shimming, anatomical images and SI. Results: Simulation (performed using the GAMMA C++ pulse library (2)) of 10 typical brain metabolites (NAA, cre, cho, glu, gln, asp, myo, tau, gaba, lac), shows that the Jrefocused sequence provides improved retention and resolution of amino acids (Fig 1). In vivo, the J-refocused sequence shows outstanding water suppression and excellent distinction between Glu and Gln (Fig. 2). Macromolecules are suppressed although not wholly eliminated.


A simple indium‐free mount is described for the VG‐Semicon V80‐H MBE system. In conjunction with nonstandard substrate preparation techniques, the use of this mount has enabled GaAs/GaAlAs device structures to be prepared with consistently low (≤200/cm2) oval defect concentrations. Both 2DEG structures, with high 4 K mobilities, and GRINSCH lasers, with low thresholds, have been prepared to demonstrate the capabilities of the mounting procedures.


Novel well-defined diblock copolymers polystyrene-b-poly[benzoic acid N′-(4-vinylbenzoyl)hydrazide dinuclear ruthenium complex] (PSm-b-P(DCH-Ru)n, m = 2076, n = 417, 1024, 2432) are synthesized through two-step sequential nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) and postpolymerization complexation. The block copolymers containing pendant dinuclear ruthenium groups possess an amphiphilic nature. The assembly behavior of the complex block copolymers in both selective solvents acetonitrile and dioxane at various initial concentrations and block compositions were characterized by transimission electron microscopy (TEM). Spherical micelles and vesicles were observed in acetonitrile and dioxane, respectively. The photoluminescent, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical properties of the complex block copolymers in solution were investigated. The solvatochromism in the UV–vis region and electrochromism (EC) in the near-infrared region (NIR) were observed. Aggregates solutions in either acetonitrile ...


B. I. Popoola is an Associate Professor of Guidance and Counselling in the Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, where he has been a former head. He majors in school and adolescent health counselling with. He is currently the Chairman of the Postgraduate committee of the Faculty. B.I. Popoola (Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria) and O.F. Adebowale (Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria)


This is a report of a workshop on Leadership and Management in Software Architecture held at ICSE on May 19, 2009.


Sepsis is a dangerous and potentially fatal condition that has a mysterious origin, underscoring the significance of prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Bacterial whole-genome sequencing, which is widely used in clinical microbiology, stands at the forefront of sequencing technologies, particularly to combat sepsis. The aim of this thesis is to improve sepsis treatment by examining the genetic characteristics and drug resistance patterns of the common sepsiscausing bacteria Pseudomonas and Proteus spp., by analyzing the whole-genome sequencing data of bacterial isolates using an in-house-developed pipeline. The result was compared with a commercial cloud-based platform from 1928 Diagnostic (Gothenburg, Sweden), as well as the results from a clinical laboratory. Using Illumina HiSeq X next-generation sequencing technology, whole-genome data from 88 isolates of Pseudomonas and Proteus spp. was obtained. The isolates were obtained during a prospective observational study of community-onset severe sepsis and septic shock in adults at Skaraborg Hospital in Sweden's western region. The collected isolates were characterized using approved laboratory techniques, such as phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) in accordance with EUCAST guidelines and species identification by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The species identification result matched the phenotypic method, with the exception of two isolates from Pseudomonas samples and four isolates from Proteus samples. When benchmarking the in-house pipeline and 1928 platform for Pseudomonas spp., predicted 97% of the isolates were resistant to at least one class of the tested antibiotics, of which 94% shows multi-drug resistance. In phenotypes, 88% of the isolates had at least one antibiotic resistance future, of which 68% shows multi-drug resistance. The most prevalent sequence types (STs) identified were ST 3285 and ST111 (9.3%) and ST564 and ST17 (6.98%) each, and both pipelines accurately predicted the number of multilocus types. The in-house pipeline reported 9820 Pseudomonas virulence genes, with PhzB1, a metabolic factor, being the most common gene. It was discovered that there was a significant correlation between the virulence factor gene count and the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (p = 0.00001). With a Simpson's Diversity Index of 0.98, the urine culture specimens showed the greatest ST diversity. Plasmids were detected in twelve samples (20.93%) in total. In general, this study provided a detailed description of the bacterial future for Pseudomonas and Proteus organisms using WGS data. This research shows the applicability of the in-house and 1928 pipelines in the identification of sepsis-causing organisms with accuracy. It also showed the need for an organized and easy-to-use international pipeline to implement and analyze WGS bacterial data and to compare it with laboratory results as needed. Popular Scientific Overview Infection prevention is considered one of the most common ways to keep humans healthy. As humans, numerous diseases can affect us; one of the most common is sepsis, also referred to as "blood poisoning." This condition is brought on by the body's exaggerated response to infection by its defense systems, which use more than necessary protection, leading to self-destruction. This condition will harm the majority of the vital organs. This will manifest in different symptoms, like fever, lowering blood pressure, and even the possibility of death. This devastating feature of sepsis, which has a widespread impact all over the world, makes it in need of accurate and timely intervention. The ultimate aim of many researchers who study biology is to identify the infectioncausing organisms behind sepsis and treat them as quickly as possible, but this have been challenging. Traditional techniques take a long time and frequently miss early-stage organisms. However, a revolutionary technique known as whole genome sequencing (WGS) has recently come to light. Thanks to this modern technology, the genetic code of bacteria like Pseudomonas and Proteus species can be fully decoded within minutes. These bacteria often coexist with us but can transform into harmful invaders, causing severe infections like sepsis. This research aimed to explore the "secret code" of these bacteria using WGS. By understanding the genes that enhance their different futures or make them resistant to antibiotics, one can essentially have a map that shows where the enemy's fortifications and weapons are located. This knowledge allows us to create specialized defenses against them. This study involved studying the genetic features of 88 samples of Pseudomonas and Proteus spp. Using both an in-house-developed approach, having many software's and a commercial platform developed with a lot of biological functions, the 1928 combined with a comparison of the result to traditional clinical laboratory results. The results were fascinating. With the exception of a few samples, there was an excellent match between the organisms detected by the in-house organized software, the 1928 and the methods used in traditional labs. The identification of prevalent bacterial epidemiological areas of distribution and accurate prediction of their specific antibiotic resistance gene was an important achievement. The study was able to find a gene that makes them resistant to certain antibiotics among the isolates, with the pipelines somehow predicting different percentages of resistance to various antibiotics. This information is vital as it helps in the treatment of the infected patient with sepsis or other infectious condition. This test also found a lot of harmful genes in the Pseudomonas bacteria, with some types being more frequent than others. It was able to find a strong link between the number of these harmful genes and certain genetic features, suggesting that these features might make the bacteria more effective at causing infections. The future implications of this study are vast. By revealing the genetic features and resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas and Proteus spp., it will create a pathway to develop an effective treatment strategy. Tools like 1928 and the in-house approach are essential in this development, using next-generation sequencing technology and driving researchers' efforts towards a future where sepsis becomes a less terrifying and more manageable conditions. But acknowledging the challenges remains at the forefront. While these tools are powerful, there are obstacles to their widespread use. The time and cost involved in sequencing and analyzing the data are significant. In addition, there is not a lot of trained personal to use these mechanisms. And sometimes there will be miss-diagnosis due to certain conditions. However, with further development, training and investment, these barriers can be overcome. In conclusion, the world of medical research is on the edge of a new era where condition like sepsis can be understood and treated with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency. The combination of whole genome sequencing data with powerful tools like 1928 and in-house-developed pipelines has opened doors that were previously unimaginable. The fight against sepsis and other severe infections has been revolutionized, and this study contributes valuable insights to this rapidly advancing field. The path is now set; the journey continues.


6-MeOTHBC binds to both high and low affinity receptors in human platelets. The beta-carboline is less active than chlorimipramine at the low affinity site, and it is weaker than methysergide, a known 5-HT antagonist, at the high affinity site. The other beta-carboline, B-CCE, is not active at either receptor in platelets. The data supports the view that platelets could be used as a limited model for studying 5-HT-ergic neurons.


On the basis of the results of original research, various physical aspects of work hardening and fracture of metallic materials at low temperatures (the macroscopic behavior, microstructural processes governing plastic flow and work hardening, the mechanisms of nucleation and propagation of fracture in the final stage of plastic deformation) are analyzed from a unified point of view: the evolution of the microstructural state during plastic deformation of different groups of structural metallic materials in the temperature range 300–4.2 K. The characteristic physical situations realized in low-temperature plastic deformation and fracture of solids are generalized and classified.


This paper proposes a new chart format as an alternative for the flow diagram variety of flowchart. This new chart format is more informative, more compact and easier to use and draw than the ANS format, and facilitates modularization in design and programming. The new chart format supports restrictions on control transfers, and clearly identifies the control structures used in structured programming. The new chart format also permits showing multiple levels of detail unambiguously in a single flowchart, and enables HIPO charts and system charts to be usefully augmented.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a marked decrease in postprandial systolic blood pressure correlates with a higher incidence of falls, syncope, new coronary events, new stroke, and total mortality at long‐term follow‐up in older nursing home residents.


Glioblastoma (GBM) is a hypervascular and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Recent investigations showed that traditional therapies along with antiangiogenic therapies failed due to the development of post-therapy resistant and recurrent GBM. Our investigations show that there are changes in the cellular and metabolic compositions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). It can be said that tumor cell-directed therapies are ineffective and we need to rethink how to treat GBM. We hypothesize that the composition of TME-associated cells will be different based on the therapy and therapeutic agents, and TME-targeting therapy will be better to decrease recurrence and improve survival. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the changes in the TME in respect of T-cell population, M1 and M2 macrophage polarization status, and MDSC population following different treatments in a syngeneic model of GBM. In addition to these parameters, tumor growth and survival were also studied following different treatments. The results showed that changes in the TME-associated cells were dependent on the therapeutic agents and the TME-targeting therapy improved the survival of the GBM bearing animals. The current GBM therapies should be revisited to add agents to prevent the accumulation of bone marrow-derived cells in the TME or to prevent the effect of immune-suppressive myeloid cells in causing alternative neovascularization, the revival of glioma stem cells, and recurrence. Instead of concurrent therapy, a sequential strategy would be best to target TME-associated cells.


In last decade, information technology has played a major role in the field of healthcare. Many countries have introduced rules and regulations for the standardization of technology and administration to provide privacy and security to individual patient e.g. Healthcare Information and Portability Accountability Act (HIPAA) in US. In this paper we discuss different security and privacy issues in healthcare information system. We suggested for pseudonymization based technique to be more suitable for the healthcare information system. Key Terms:- EHR, PHR,EMR, pseudonymization, anonymization.


The acoustic emission( AE) technology was used to monitor the blasting process of fiber reinforced polymer( FRP) composite vessels. The K means clustering algorithm was used to classify the pretreatment of the AE signals. With parameter analysis of AE signal,pattern recognition of fatigue damage was accomplished,and we also made some comparison study with emission property of diffrent fatigue damages. The results will provide theoretical basis for the identification and evaluation of FRP.


With the world's largest population and one of the world's fastest growing economies, China's choice of development paths will have a dramatic impact on the rest of the world. In the industrial sector China produces more than 2.5 billion tons of wastewater effluents, and 70 million tons of residues per year (2002), which has a potential for conversion to more than 10.6 billion m3 of biogas. The potential for electricity generation from all sources of biogas is about 23 TWh from a generating capacity of 3.8 GW at current resource levels. The United Nations Development Programme and the Global Environment Facility have cooperated with the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Environment Protection Administration to assist in stimulating the development of a commercial market for biogas technologies and applications in China to develop the potential of using biogas as an energy resource and as a means of mitigating environmental pollution. With the passage of the Renewable Energy Law in 2005, biogas development is likely to benefit from new feed-in tariffs and access to utility grids to further drive commercialization and investment. This paper will discuss the current barriers and drives for commercializing biogas development in China.


Longevity seems to run in families, and very old people are sometimes said to have "good" genes. There might be something to that. If there is a key to immortality, molecular geneticists may be able to find it. They recently began to explore the genes and other factors that cause us to age and eventually die and are finding intriguing hints of ways that death can be deferred, such as through caloric restriction, epigenetic techniques, and manipulation of telomeres and stem cells. Inherent in such studies is the concept that many of the diseases associated with aging, such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease—the things that kill most people—may be symptoms of the disease of aging.


Knee meniscus tear is a common joint disorder that is usually diagnosed with the help of MRI imaging. However, the diagnosis of a meniscal tear places high technical demands on physicians, and the results of the diagnosis are also inconsistent. In this paper, a meniscal tear detection method based on YOLOv5 target detection network is developed to help physicians make more accurate diagnoses. To begin, a channel and space parallel attention module is designed and integrated into the feature fusion part of the network to improve the network's attention to the tear area. Then, ConvNeXt is used in the backbone network part to improve the C3 module to obtain the ConvC3 module, which strengthens the ability of the backbone network to extract the features of the meniscal tear lesion area. After labelling and creating the dataset, the improved YOLOv5 network is trained to obtain the target model. The experimental results show that compared with the original model, the improved YOLOv5 model has an increased mAP from 82.5% to 84.8%, a slight decrease in GFLOPs as well, and presents an overall considerable improvement. This model plays an important role in the diagnosis of meniscal tears.


A composite bio-signal monitoring system is designed,which is characterized with multi-signal acquisition capabilities and can complete biological signals pattern recognition and aide diagnosis. Clear surface EMG and surface ECG waveform can be detected via different channels of the pre-acquisition amplifier circuit with low noise and high common mode rejection ratio. The wavelet decomposition module integrated in FPGA are used for heart rate and QRS complex detection,and the BP neural network on NiosⅡ soft core has realized the identification of ST segment morphology. The extracted time-frequency domain parameters of surface EMG active segment can provide assessment of muscle fatigue. The system can complete display of the signal waveform and real-time monitoring parameter on the LCD screen,and alarm people by audio speaker,and store prolonged monitoring data on SD card.


An easy and short synthesis of new β-azidocyclopropanedicarboxylates, a rather unexplored class of conformationally constrained N-protected β-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid derivatives, is described. Michael-induced ring closure (MIRC) of sodium azide to 2-bromoalkylidenemalonates in alcoholic solvents leads to 3,3-dialkyl-2-azidocyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates, whereas other polar solvents give increasing amounts of competitive 2-azidoalkylidenemalonates. The reactivity of the azidocyclopropanes was investigated under reducing conditions, giving an easy access to diastereomeric mixtures of 5-alkoxy-3-(alkoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-ones.


We used radio-telemetry to study the movement patterns of Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)) occupying small forest fragments ( 150 m in distance and foray rate to adjacent fragments declined with increasing gap width. Males on fragments spent more time off their territory (23.5%) and traveled farther (392 m) than males occupying territories within a continuous forest (4.8% and 99 m, respectively). In fragments, 10 out of 17 individuals spent >80% of their time within 20 m of the fragment edge and edge use was significantly more than expected based on the amount of edge available in eac...


The problem of non-linear dimension reduction is relevant to many different areas of knowledge. While the linear case can be solved by variations of PCA, the non-linear case is more complex. Recent advances incorporate geometrical information by estimating a manifold that approximates the data. The paper follows that trend and tackles some limitations of existing approaches -arbitrary topology and curvature of the manifold, unknown intrinsic dimension and, for mixture models, unknown number of mixture components. An algorithm, designated TBA (tangent bundle approximation), is presented that addresses the enumerated difficulties and is faster than existing methods, in datasets of a few thousand points. The motivation behind TBA is to perform motion tracking in video sequences, but the algorithm can be applied in a wide class of problems. The paper starts with a brief review of related work and then describes the TBA approach in detail. The algorithm is then subjected to comparative evaluation.


AFRICANA WOMEN'S STUDIES FRANCIS, CLARISSA E. B.A. BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY, 2010 BLACK COLLEGE WOMEN'S RESPONSES TO SEXUAL HEALTH PEER EDUCATION AT CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY Committee Chair: Josephine Bradley, Ph.D. Thesis dated May 2014 This research evaluated the impact Clark Atlanta University's (CAU) Sexual Health Peer Education (SHPE) program has on black college women's sexual health knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards sexuality, sexual behaviors, and sexual health. In addition, this research explores the strategies used by Clark Atlanta University's SHPE program, Health Promoters Educating and Encouraging Responsible Students (HPEERS). This research was based on the premise that multiple factors contribute to the efficacy ofthe transmission of sexual health education such as social determinants, cultural competency, use of statistics, and location. In the United States, AfricanAmerican women account for 60% ofthe cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HTV) ofwomen. Many researchers have focused on the high rates ofHIV among African-American women. However, this research focused exclusively on black college women at CAU. This research consisted of a mixed method, including a critical program evaluation and participant observation that involved SHPE and black college women i students attending CAU. The researcher found that the majority ofthe black college women who attended an event sponsored by H-PEERS reported it to have effectively impacted their overall sexual health. The researcher concludes that the strategies used by H-PEERS are effective, but the organization must develop strategies that are inclusive to all sexual identities represented at CAU. The researcher recommends further research focusing on other populations represented at the university including black male and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students.


Bukit Tigapuluh National Park with an area of 144,223 ha has high biodiversity of flora and fauna. Wildlife possess high potential for ecotourism development. The Wildlife inventory conducted in the study area by using strip transect method and MacKinnon list species method recorded 49 birds and eight mammals species. Assessment on wildlife attractiveness showed that Helmeted Hornbill (Buceros vigil), Rhinoceros Hornbill (B. rhinoceros), Asian Black Hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus), Common Flameback (Dinopium javanense), and Great Argus (Argusianus argus) were classified as attractive bird species. Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Siamang (Sympalangus syndactylus) were the most attractive mammal species, while the Mitre Leaf Monkey (Presbytis melalophos), the Black-handed Gibbon/Owa (Hylobates agilis) were included as attractive mammal species. Among three observed ecotourism tracks, Rumah Pohon track had the highest number of wildlife encountered with 35 records. The second higher encounter rate of wildlife was Bukit Lancang track with 29 times encounters, and the poorest was Anak Sungai Akar track with 18 encounters. Besides wildlife there was some ecotourism objects in the camp granit tourism location. There were : 1) the panorama of nature, 2) granit waterfall, 3) a small lake/pond, 4) mersawa giant tree, 5) tree house, 6) information center, 7) river, and 8) swimming pool. Based on the SWOT analysis, development strategies that needs to be conducted were : 1) development of "masterplan" for a comprehensive ecotourism management, 2) increase the ecotourism promotion and dissemination through the mass media, airports, national events, NGOs, and universities, 3) reduce the level of forest destruction due to shifting cultivation, 4) intensify the management of ecotourism by involving the private sector, and 5) improve accessibility to the location of the ecotourism object.


Children in a first grade classroom (n.17) participated in a program to develop listening and speaking skills in the elementary school classroom. The importance of listening and speaking to social, academic, and developmental needs is discussed. Various programs that produced increases in these skills were evaluated and integrated in a new program. The program attempted to provide for listening and speaking practice and development within the existing school curriculum by making it a part of every aspect of the school day. Integration included modeling, directed questioning, the production of a play, storytelling, social experiences, and literature. At the end of the term, students were active listeners who faced the teacher and were quiet and attentive when spoken to. They were able to answer questions without bringing in stories totally unrelated to the question. Students were able to put storytelling skills into writing folktales with details and a definite beginning, middle, and end. Children also began to show higher order thinking in comprehension activities. These skills also increased students' attention to directions in content areas, especially math. This qualitative research can be a model for future quantitative studies. (Contains 39 references; appendixes contain sample versions of folktales told by students and a checklist of student skills after a folktale unit.) (Author/RS) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************


Article history: Received 15 June 2018 Received in revised form 14 October 2018 Accepted 20 October 2018 Available online 28 October 2018 Catalytic pyrolysis has become promising thermal conversion technique to produce bio fuel from renewable energy resources such as biomass. This is due to the availability of various catalyst used to enhance the quality of bio fuel by eliminating oxygenated compounds via dehydroxylation and decarboxylation, decreasing molecular weight, and altering its chemical structures to resemble those of petrochemical products. For selecting an appropriate catalyst for production of high quality of bio fuel, it is important to have good knowledge of its chemical properties and physical characteristic, along with their role during pyrolysis. It is also important to ensure that the results produced by the optimum process parameters are valid and credible by using design of experiment (DOE). The objective of this paper is to evaluate the current progress and challenges of catalytic pyrolysis process of biomass to aid researchers in selecting the most appropriate catalyst and improve the process of catalytic pyrolysis especially on palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). The catalytic pyrolysis of untreated and treated EFB, type of catalyst, different reactor system and application on design of experiment were investigated. In the last part of this reviewed study point out the potential scope of researches about upgrading a catalytic pyrolysis in the future.


This paper studies and observes Malaysian ten years of technology expenditure. The analysis of Malaysia's technological growth over ten years is one of the topics covered in this discussion. In addition, factors that contribute to the state of technology are now an important problem in this working paper and discussed how to solve problems arising from Islamic perspectives. This is because, as knowledgeable Muslims, we need to be sensitive and efficient in developing the economy. Not only that, but we are also responsible for declaring that not from a technological point of view alone needs to be taken heavily on the contrary from other aspects, such as commerce that gets a boost in Islam needs to be emphasised. This is to form a community or a developed country along with the development of the world today.


This research work presents an analysis of the perceived musical sounds within the mixing process and computer mastering at the audio and video recording studio of the Acoustics Laboratory in ESIME, IPN, Mexico, working with the so‐called plug‐ins to process the audio signal. The analysis is made from a psychoacoustics standpoint. Samples analyzed include rock, tropical and classical music, and these experiences are part of the Audio course at the Acoustics option of the Electronics and Communications Engineers studies in the Mexican Polytechnic. (To be presented in Spanish.)


PURPOSE: An outer wall panel made of stone and a method for preparing the same are provided to inhibit water loss and to finish outer wall and insulation processing by only binding steel-frame structures of a truss in an actual field. CONSTITUTION: The outer wall panel(70) comprises a latticed truss(10), an anchor(15), a water-proof plate(40), a stone plate(21) and a heat-insulating material(50). The method for manufacturing the panel comprises installing the water-proof plate(40) on the truss(10) by means of anchor(15); mounting an outer wall finishing material at front side of the plate(40); placing the heat-insulating material(50) in a desired thickness between rear side of the plate(40) and the truss(10). Alternatively, after mounting the plate(40) on the truss(10) then the stone plate(21) is applied. The heat-insulating material may be in a form of double layers with different materials such as Expanded polystyrene.


As one important component of humanities,ancient Chinese language course bears the important task of shaping and cultivating people.Teachers should instill their students with a wholesome sense of humanistic philosophy,humanities sentiment,humanistic spirit and especially scientific outlook on values in the instruction process.In this way,students can cultivate a sound mind and a purified soul,gain a deeper understanding of life and society,and live a valuable and meaningful life.Humanistic education helps students establish a correct outlook on life,a correct perspective on culture,and a correct occupational outlook,improving their humanistic qualities.


This committee also stressed the importance of fixing standards for extraneous matters, such as arsenic, lead, tin, or other impurities with which food may become contaminated in the process of collection or preparation and, further, they agreed that the complaints of the misleading nature of some food advertisements and food labels were well founded. From this report it seems probable that, although there is no intention


Highly linear-birefringent (HiBi) optical fibres have been widely used to transmit linearly polarised light in various applications because of their polarisation-holding properties [1]. Faraday coupling in linear-birefringent fibres have been reported previously [2,3]. Recently, an optical-fibre current sensor which makes use of the Faraday Effect to couple light resonantly from one mode to an originally-empty mode of a HiBi fibre, when the fibre is subjected to a periodic magnetic field, has been reported [4,5]. In this paper we report that the resonance of Faraday coupling is dependent on the relative axial position of the fibre and the magnetic field. This is caused by the interference of the Faraday coupled signal and the residual empty mode component, due to imperfect launching of purely linearly-polarised light into one eigenmode of a HiBi fibre.


We numerically investigate a fiber laser which contains an active fiber along with a dispersion decreasing fiber both operating at normal dispersion. Large-bandwidth pulses are obtained that can be linearly compressed resulting in ultra-short high-energy pulse generation.


Abstract Over the last decade ELF has become a reality in European universities, but this is not reflected in the major international language tests designed for access to higher education and for university students. In this paper I describe an experiment in "co-certification," a test of English set at level C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), jointly developed by Trinity College London and the University of Ca' Foscari Venice, in which an international version of the test was adapted locally to include locally relevant components and enhance validity and task authenticity. One feature of the co-certification was the introduction of an independent listening task which took the form of understanding an extract from a lecture given in English by a non-native speaker. Possible problems we had anticipated ranged from the kind of discourse features they should include, and whether or not there was a fairness issue related to accent recognition. In fact, the overall results showed no significant difference from the previous version of the exam, while the listening part had a higher pass rate than the overall oral test which involved interaction with a native speaker. As far as we know, the co-certification is the first example of an internationally recognized board engaging systematically with characteristic features of ELF communication, notably non-native phonology and intonation patterns, in a test of listening. The findings so far suggest that, for the test takers at least, this can be unproblematic and uncontroversial.


The number of reports of drug facilitated rapes is increasing. To date, analyses of xenobiotics in body fluids taken from rape victims have seldom been carried out. So, toxicological investigation of biological material taken from rape victims is a relatively new matter. Such analysis is useful in demonstrating the drug-facilitation of sexual assault. The victim, having problems with recollection of the course of events caused by taking of the drug, makes a very poor witness for the administration of justice. Demonstration of the presence of drugs used to facilitate rape in body fluids ensures unequivocal evidence of a committed crime. The aim of the present study is to present the characteristics of drugs that are most often used to facilitate sexual assault, and also Polish and international statistical data.


In this study, we characterized a proteinase from marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam) infected with the protozoan parasite Perkinsus sp. When infected with Perkinsus sp., Manila clam produced a proteinase, which was not appeared in non-infected manila clam and Perkinsus hypnospore. A clear baiid of 45 kDa was detected on 0.2% gelatin containing gel SDS-PAGE. The proteinase was inhibited by phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) known as a serine proteinase inhibitor. Using Mucin-Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography, proteinases were eluted by Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) containing 20 mM EDTA. Like lectins, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine also could elute proteinases. Based on these results, isolated Ruditapes philippinarum proteinase belonged to the class of serine protease and may have lectin activities or may be associated with lectin


We have studied nuclear structure and reaction properties of even-even oxygen isotopes (O12-28), from proton drip line to neutron drip line. We have used relativistic mean field model to calculate 2-n separation energy, rms matter radii, rms charge radii, neutron skin effect and the total reaction cross section with oxygen isotopes as a projectile and C-12 as a target at high energies using the Glauber theory. The comparison between the calculated and experimental data is in good agreement. Also, we have looked into the possibility of observing the bubble effect in O-22. Subsequently, we have presented the total reaction cross section with oxygen isotopes as a projectile and C-12 as a target at medium energies.


This research aimed to identify the affect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to firm value had been done many times, but the results were inconsitent. The objective of this research was to identify the affect of CSR to firm value in mining sector. CSR was measured by using GRI Index version 3.1 while firm value was measured by Tobin's Q. The control variables used in this research were firm size, market share, and debt-to-equity ratio (DER). This research used 135 observation sampel during 2009-2013 and tested by SPSS 20. The results of this study demonstrated that corporate social responsibility had no significant affect on the firm value; firm size had significant and negative affect on the firm value; market share had significant affect on the firm value; and debt to equity ratio did not have significantly influence on the firm value.


A theoretical investigation is carried out of the instabilities associated with a model applicable to the auroral acceleration region consisting of an ion beam, precipitating electrons and stationary background electrons. The kinetic dispersion relation is solved numerically without any approximations for auroral plasma parameters. It is shown that low-frequency plasma instabilities are present, which can generate the low-frequency electric field fluctuations (LEFs) that have been observed in the auroral acceleration region. A detailed parameter study of the instability as a function of plasma parameters, such as particle densities and drift speeds, is conducted.


Classes of novel sulfonylurea and sulfonamide derivatives 3-13 were synthesized via three different roots, using pharmacologically active functionalized pyrimidine or piperidine-2,6-dione derivatives and p-toluene sulfonyl chloride under phase transfer conditions (PTC). The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, H-NMR and C-NMR spectroscopy. The title compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against two-gram positive bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two-gram negative bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also screened for antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger pathogens. Compounds 3b, 4b, 6b, 6d, 8b, 11b, 13b and 13e exhibited potent activity and remaining derivatives showed moderate to weak activity against bacteria and fungi


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Abstract A large set of hourly meteorological data from seven towers deployed in Montesina Valley (Cordoba, Spain) is studied in relation to the prevailing synoptic situation. The complete collection of daily synoptic maps for 1985-90 has been classified in seven basic weather patterns. First-order transition probabilities and weatherpattern persistences have been calculated for each of the patterns. The behavior of the local valley wind field is described as a function of the synoptic patterns. The work reported here, based on observations of the characteristic time and space patterns of flow in the valley under different synoptic conditions, has made it possible to obtain a set of empirical rules and regression functions to produce forecasts of the local wind field as a function of the synoptic situation and the hour of the day to be used in the emergency plans. The result of this work is currently being implemented in an atmospheric dispersion module of an expert system that will be used as a tool to p...


Besides the stimulating effect of trypsinized soybean glycinin acidic subunit A1a on insulin-mediated antilipolysis, the trypsinized A1a was found to enhance insulin-mediated glucose transport and lipogenesis in the presence of cAMP stimulators such as isoproterenol and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine in isolated rat adipocytes. Furthermore, it was indicated that insulin and the cAMP stimulators, which generally exert counter-regulatory effects, act synerigistically on the in vitro lipogenesis.


We propose a novel all-optical encryption technique that shuffles spectral slices of multiple wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) channels. In particular, we investigate the application of this technique to two WDM 56-Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals. Simulation results reveal that the encrypted signals could be propagated through transparent optical networks with diameters larger than 500 km and properly decrypted at the receiver. The technique enhances security because it forces eavesdroppers to discover the shuffled slices and to monitor multiple channels to recover data from just one of them.


Cs-137 was introduced into the environment by fallout from nuclear testing and it has a half-life of 26.6 years. Cs-137 strongly adsorbed on soil particles and is essentially nonexchangeable. For this reason, movement of Cs-137 in soil due to chemical or biochemical processes is very low compared to the physical processes. A portable gamma ray spectrometer has been constructed to monitor ambient Cs-137 in real time. In this work, laboratory simulation of soil erosion will be presented.


The space flight mutation effects on eggplant seeds and three eggplant lines obtained by space mutation and traditional breeding selection were studied using seed germination test and RAPD markers.The results showed that space flight had obviously inhibited the seed germination in eggplant variation lines.By RAPD markers and cluster analysis,three eggplant lines had apparent variation compared with the original species on DNA level.9301A-3 had the minimum similarity coefficient and the largest difference compared to the control material 9301A;But 9301A-1 had the largest similarity coefficient and the smallest difference compared to the 9301A.


average costs in Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia in 1947 were under $9 per ton milled. The cost of transportation is also particularly high. Freight is carried by Northern Alberta Railways from Edmonton to Waterways (305 miles) or Grimshaw (334 miles). From Waterways, boats and barges carry freight by way of Athabaska River, Lake Athabaska and Slave River to Great Slave Lake, and thence down the Mackenzie River to the arctic coast at Port Brabant, or, by way of Great Bear River, to Great Bear Lake and Port Radium. The distance from Waterways to Yellowknife is 690 miles, taking two weeks, and to Port Radium 1400 miles, taking six: this includes a portage of sixteen miles on Slave River from Fort Fitzgerald to Fort Smith. Since 1948 the principal common carrier has been the Northern Transportation Company (1947) Ltd. Water transport is, however, usually possible on Great Slave Lake only from mid-June to the end of October, and on Great Bear Lake from mid-July to mid-October: for eight months of the year the waterways are ice-bound.


Brassica campestris could be used for medicinal purposes. The plant is rich in flavonoids and phenolics that have potential for pharmacological purposes. As such, enhancement of secondary metabolites in Brassica campestris plants is highly recommended. Therefore, the aim of this study is to obtain cultures of hairy roots of Brassica campestris, which has undergone a bacterial transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes in an attempt to enhance the production of secondary metabolites. The level of expression of root inducing gene in transformed hairy roots was estimated using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Results revealed higher root inducing gene expression levels in the transgenic plants as compared to the non–transformed roots. Transformed hairy roots showed higher increases in the total phenolic content, as compared to non-transformed roots. This study indicated the enhanced secondary metabolites biosynthesis by hairy roots induction in Brassica campestris plants.


Nowadays, the internet and social media grow fast. This condition has positive and negative effects on society. They become media to communicate and share information without limitation. However, many people use that easiness to broadcast news or information which do not accurate with the facts and gather people's opinions to get benefits or we called a hoax. Therefore, we need to develop a system that can detect hoax. This research uses the neural network method with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. The process of the LSTM model to identify hoax has several steps, including dataset collection, pre-processing data, word embedding using pre-trained Word2Vec, built the LSTM model. Detection model performance measurement using precision, recall, and f1-measure matrix. This research results the highest average score of precision is 0.819, recall is 0.809, and f1-measure is 0.807.  These results obtained from the combination of the following parameters, i.e., Skip-gram Word2Vec Model Architecture, Hierarchical Softmax, 100 as vector dimension, max pooling, 0.5 as dropout value, and 0.001 of learning rate.


I present evidence of a complementary relation between macro announcements and firm-specific news by examining how macro news affects investors' reactions to earnings announcements. It is well known that investors tend to react to earnings news slowly and there are drifts following firms' earnings announcements. The presence of macro news significantly impacts investors' reactions to earnings news: immediate price reaction is 17% stronger and the drift is 71% weaker when important macro news is released on the same day. This effect also exists when earnings news is released on days with a large number of macro announcements. I further investigate several potential explanations and find that institutional investors pay substantially more attention to announcing firms on macro-news days. The results cannot be explained by changes in risk, information transmission from macro news or strategic timing. Overall, these findings provide new evidence that the market is more efficient on macro-news days and investor attention is allocated rationally and is not always limited by the quantity of information.


This study examines the impact of digitalization on women producers in the food market in Turkey, in relation to the increasing role of women's labor in digital markets during the Covid-19 pandemic. It explores the relationship between women's labor value and product prices, as well as the cyber-violence. The study used in-depth interviews with 10 female producers from various regions in Turkey and analyzed the data using MaxQDA software. The article highlights the challenges and potential benefits of the digital market for female producers and emphasizes the importance of designing digital tools that promote gender equality. The study reveals the gendered nature of digital food markets and advocates for a feminist-socio-technical future that promotes community economies. The paper situates gender as an analytical category and uses Lefebvre's spatial triad as a theoretical lens to explore the production of digital space in food markets. The study advocates for the development of justice scales and feminist-socio-technical tools to value the invisible and unpaid labor of women in the digital market.


Greywater (GW) recycling and reuse is an important approach for conserving water and meeting the demand of the growing population. However, the success of greywater reuse (GWR) depends on process feasibility and impacts. In this study, the feasibility and impact of GWR installations in four types of buildings (high rise residential building, school, hotel and house of worship) in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, were assessed. The study included economic assessment as well as assessment of impacts in terms of CO2 emissions and energy consumption over time. The GWR options included use of GW, as applicable, for toilet flushing or as make-up water in open air conditioning cooling towers. The results from the study indicate that GWR is feasible for the various types of buildings and applications assessed and that it can lead to significant reductions in water consumption, CO2 emissions and energy consumption. However, buildings owner's share of financial savings is a key factor in deciding interest in installing and operating GWR systems.


This study was aimed to know cardiac dysfunction in patient type ll diabetes mellitus. 100 patients of type ll diabetes mellitus of more than 5 years duration attending medical OPD and admitted in New Civil Hospital Surat were taken for study. ECG and 2D ECHO with doppler was done to know the cardiac dysfunction and other routine investigations related to the subject were done. Mean age of diabetic patients was 57.17 years, Ratio of male to female was 1.17:1,As the age of diabetic patients increases, LV diastolic function decreases. Mean EF% was found lower in 60-75 years group (47.39%) as compared to 51.66%-of 40-49 years age group. Mean Ve/Va was found lower in 60-75 years group (0.84) as compared to 0.88 of 40-59 years age group. As BMI increases, LV diastolic dysfunction increases. It is concluded that left ventricular dysfunction was present in significant proportion of asymptomatic diabetic patients.


Until recently, the only hardware available for teaching COBOL or, for that matter, any other programming language, was a mainframe computer. Technological advances have changed this. The development of the microcomputer has provided an alternative to the mainframe that is becoming more and more attractive to colleges and universities. This is especially true for courses teaching COBOL.


Opioids are often used to decrease pain following laparotomy but are associated with unwanted side‐effects. The effectiveness of local perfusion of bupivacaine 0·5 per cent following laparotomy was studied.


This article is devoted to highlighting the international problems of the initial period of World War II that arose around the status of Gibraltar and the Canary Islands. Spain maintained military-political neutrality in the war. The countries participating in the armed conflict (USA, Great Britain, Nazi Germany) tried to use the territories belonging to Spain to their advantage. In 1941–1942 the British leadership developed several options for subordinating the Canary Islands to the UK. The article deals with operations Bugler, Chatney, Puma and Pilgrim. The author analyzes the features of these projects and the reasons that did not allow them to be implemented. The attention is focused on the different positions of the USA and Great Britain on the status of Spain and the Canaries. The contradictions between the allied powers allowed Spain to save the Canary archipelago. The article concludes that the British strategy was flawed because it diverted large forces needed on other fronts of the world confrontation.


OBJECTIVES
Identify predictors of persistence with adalimumab (ADA) among veterans and privately insured patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the United States.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.

METHODS
Patients with IBD taking ADA as their first biologic were identified from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) database from 2009 to 2013 and the Truven Health MarketScan database from 2009 to 2012 with a 12-month follow-up. Persistence was defined as continued use 1 year after initiation. Adherence was assessed by calculating a medication possession ratio, which was dichotomized as greater than 0.86 or less than or equal to 0.86. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of persistence.

RESULTS
There were 1030 patients in the VHA population compared with 3264 patients in the privately insured (MarketScan) cohort. In MarketScan, 1800 patients (55%) remained on ADA compared with 755 (73%) in the VHA cohort. In multivariable analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.63; P <.01), Crohn disease (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02-1.57; P = .03), greater adherence (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.45-2.30; P <.01), and dose escalation (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.42-2.33; P <.01) were associated with higher ADA persistence in the MarketScan cohort; narcotic use (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.88; P <.01) and hospitalization or new steroid use after initiation (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.03-0.05; P <.01) were associated with lower persistence. In the VHA cohort, only a hospitalization or new steroid use (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36-0.70; P <.01) was associated with lower persistence.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite being older and having more comorbidities, patients in the VHA, which is an integrated healthcare system, appear to be more likely to remain on ADA at 1 year than patients in the MarketScan database. Further studies of system differences are needed to understand the reasons behind this discrepancy.


Introduction. Chapter 1 The Great Story Impulse. Chapter 2 Divergence. Chapter 3 Convergence. Chapter 4 Contagion. Chapter 5 Systems. Chapter 6 What Global History Is. Bibliography.


As a continuous tape strip of material moving (3), is fed onto a continuous web material moving, An assembly and method for positioning a desired tape material piece length (4), arranged tape material orientation is substantially perpendicular to the moving direction of the continuous web of material to move.


Dopamine is known to play roles in the processing of emotion. To test whether dopamine has effects on synaptic plasticity in emotion-processing areas, I examined callosally-evoked field potentials in coronal slices of rat anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)when low-frequency stimulation(LFS)was applied to corpus callosum as a conditioning stimulus. Neither dopamine nor the D2 agonist, quinpirole, had a significant effect on synaptic plasticity, while the D1agonist, SKF-38393, facilitated induction of long-term depression(LTD). This facilitative effect of SKF-38393was completely blocked by the D1antagonist, SCH-23390. LFS-induced LTD was not blocked by application of the metabotropic glutamatergic receptor antagonist, MCPG or the voltage-gated calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, but was blocked by application of the N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)antagonist, APV. The facilitative effect of SKF-38393on LTD induction was not mimicked by forskolin, an adenylcyclase activator, but was partially mimicked by phorbol12,13-didecanoate, which is known to activate the intracellular PKC pathway. These findings suggest that LTD in ACC is induced via NMDAR and facilitated by D1 agonists at least in part via the PKC-related intracellular pathway. This type of facilitation of LTD induction may be related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia or major depression, in which frontal lobe hypofunction has been indicated.


The change in rainfall pattern and intensity is becoming a great concern for hydrologic engineers and planners. Many parts of the world are experiencing extreme rainfall events such as experienced on 26th July 2005 in Mumbai, India. For the appropriate design and planning of urban drainage system in an area, Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves for given rainfall conditions are required. The aim of the present study is to derive the IDF curves for the rainfall in the Mumbai city, Maharashtra, India. Observed rainfall data from 1901 pertaining to Colaba and from 1951 of the Santacruz rain gauge stations in Mumbai are used in the present study to derive the IDF curves. Initially, the proposed IDF curves are derived using an empirical equation (Kothyari and Garde), by using probability distribution for annual maximum rainfall and then IDF curves are derived by modifying the equation. IDF curves developed by the modified equation gives good results in the changing hydrologic conditions and are compatible even with the extreme rainfall of 26th July 2005 in Mumbai.


The care of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been transformed by the widespread approval of antifibrotic therapies [1]. Within primary care-based healthcare systems, the diagnosis of IPF and commencement of antifibrotic therapy typically requires a patient referral from a primary care physician to a respiratory physician in secondary care, with referral then made to a specialist interstitial lung disease (ILD) centre [2]. Following ILD centre review and multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion, a diagnosis of IPF is made and antifibrotic therapy may be commenced. For patients with IPF, length of time in healthcare systems prior to review in an ILD clinic reflects disease severity and may impact upon patient outcome https://bit.ly/2TkO26r


We have performed systematic contactless measurements aiming at the determination of the electrical impedance of an oil-water interface. The oil-water interface was formed within an insulin syringe tube due to the oil hydrophobicity. The measurement AC signal (0.1-300 kHz at 0.1 V) was capacitively coupled to the oil-water system through the syringe wall. The interface resistivity was estimated at ~2109m(assuming the interface as a slip layer with width ~ 10 nm) and was associated with hydroxide (OH–) ions, agreeing with existing reports. The resistivity was found to be independent on the signal frequency, which may indicate the nonpolarized nature of the hydrophobic interface. The present impedance spectroscopy is important for hydrophobic systems and may give an insight into the future nondestructive (contactless) investigation of the electrical properties of the lipid layer in the living cell membrane.


The purpose of the present study/thesis is to evaluate and apply the work management and administration with priority to construction projects, to elaborate the management of the work flow and the strategic redesign of risks. With a little reference to construction projects that have already been completed, this study/thesis points out the way of addressing the raising problems during their construction but also the implementation of the project from the first stage till the prediction programming and their management.
Subsequently, there is a reference to a construction of our choice that is in progress and in which we evaluate the management of the works by encountering any possible incident in order to obtain the most effective achievement of the project by keeping the compliance with the time schedule, the budget and the quality of the construction as well as by eliminating any risk as effectively as possible. The results of the present study/thesis could be summarized in the fact that the proper use of the aforementioned projects would provide useful tool or a useful method of application in the civil engineering's work.


Research data suggesting that some of the neurological effects of low-level microwave irradiation are mediated by endogenous opioids in the brain are reported. The effects studied included the actions of various phychoactive drugs and functions of the neurotransmitters and receptors. It is speculated that microwave irradiation is a stressor and activates endogenous opioids in the central nervous system.<<ETX>>


This paper describes a web-based application for affective modeling and delivering information about user's mental health and emotional characteristics. The component for affective user modeling is based on the standard test in psychiatry and clinical psychology Emotions Profile Index. Since the assessment of the emotional state involves imprecision and uncertainty fuzzy decision-making techniques are used to formulate presentations in the form of informative paragraphs taken from the predefined knowledge base. Utility function is defined over the profile attributes and the social context. For delivering information about affective profiles agent based interface is created that covers subject-agent and psychiatrist-agent forms of interaction. This approach contributes to the research efforts related to personalized assistance and health care in the e-Health sector.


Abstract A modification of the Mettler FP-2 microscope hot-stage which provides for both rapid and controlled cooling below room temperature is described. Calibration of the stage was not affected by this modification. The use of sharp mesomorphic phase transition temperatures for calibration is also described.


Orlando-The incidence of iris hyperpigmentation associated with unoprostone isopropyl ophthalmic solution 0.15% (Rescula, Novartis) was about 1% in two long-term studies, a rate that compares favorably with the incidence of 10% to 20% associated with latanoprost ophthalmic solution (Xalatan, Pharma-cia) in similar patient populations, reported Bernard E. McCarey, PhD.


Adipose tissues play a crucial endocrine role in the control of whole body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Considering the current substantial rise in obesity and obesity‐related diseases, including diabetes, it is important to understand the molecular basis of adipocyte differentiation and its control. In this study, we have analyzed the protein expression inherent to adipogenic differentiation, by 2‐DE, MALDI‐TOF, and RT‐PCR. This study focused on proteins that were differentially expressed by the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to adipocytes. We conducted 2‐DE for each set of proteins in the cytosol of adipocytes that had differentiated from hMSC, in a pH range from 3–10. Thirty‐two protein spots were shown to have different expression levels. Among these, eight up‐regulated proteins were identified by MALDI‐TOF/MS, as the following: syntaxin binding protein 3, OSBP‐related protein 3, phosphodiesterase, glycophorin, immunoglobulin kappa chain variable region, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ), bA528A10.3.1 (novel protein similar to KIAA01616, isoform 1), and T cell receptor V‐β 4. Four proteins: syntaxin‐3, OSBP‐related protein 3, PPAR‐γ and glycophorin were associated with adipogenesis.


The present invention relates to a beverage container that prevents relates to a beverage container, in particular, the outer circumferential surface of the side wall of the beverage container is formed groups obstacle takes the beverage infusion device, the beverage container is a beverage container when the beverage is injected leaving .


The surface characterization of a 2‐(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate–2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate diblock copolymer [DEA‐DMA] was carried out using inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The adsorption thermodynamic parameters (the standard enthalpy (ΔHo), entropy (ΔSo), and free energy of adsorption (ΔGo)), the dispersive component of the surface energy ($\gamma_{S}^{d}$), and the acid–base character of the surface of the block copolymer were estimated using the retention time of different nonpolar and polar probes at infinite dilution region. This block copolymer showed convenient values of dispersive surface energy as compared to conventional polymers. The specific free energy of adsorption (ΔGsp), the specific enthalpy of adsorption (ΔHsp), and the specific entropy of adsorption (ΔSsp) of polar probes on diblock copolymer were determined. The values of the ΔHspwere correlated with both the donor and the modified acceptor numbers of the probes to quantify the acidic KA and the basic KD parameters of the block copolymer surface. The values obtained for the KA and KD parameters indicated a basic character for the surface of the DEA‐DMA diblock copolymer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Fuelled by high domestic investment and rapid export expansion, China's economy grew by 11.4 percent in 2007, the highest increase since 1994 and the fifth consecutive year of double-digit growth. Such spectacular growth performance is unprecedented in the world s economic history. However, the Chinese Government is again worried about a possible "hard landing" for the economy, as no economy can sustain very strong growth for extremely long period without overheating. Cracks in China s economy are indeed emerging. The consumer price index shot up to 6.9 percent in November 2007, the highest level in a decade, with the annual inflation for 2007 rising to 4.8 percent, well above the governments "comfort level" of 3 percent. This prompted China s top leadership to declare that reducing economic overheating and curbing inflation would be the top policy priorities for 2008. To contain such cost-push inflation, the government has to tackle its root causes, such as excessive liquidity, which is caused by the undervaluation of the renminbi, which in turn is attributable to China s chronic external and internal macroeconomic imbalances. High growth is likely to continue in 2008, at around 10 percent, with inflation of 5-6 percent expected, despite the anticipated tighter macroeconomic control measures and the more troubled external economic environment (e.g. the expected US economic slowdown). Regardless, China s fundamental problems associated with runaway growth will largely remain. In addition, if the US economy slips into a serious recession, the Chinese economy will not be able to decouple from it and escape unscathed. Copyright (c) 2008 The Author.


A microgrid is a proven effective way to integrate renewable resources. This study presents an innovative control concept for decentralized AC microgrids, which is based on the architectural advantage of a radial microgrid structure. Under the proposed concept, power sharing between the distributed sources is achieved without droop control. Thus the need for a secondary control level is eliminated. Moreover, the use of explicit communication is replaced in the paper by a novel coordination mechanism based on the locally measured currents. The paper shows that, with a special design of the current control of grid-feeding converters, the proposed microgrid automatically provides equitable sharing of the load demand amongst the distributed generators (DGs). Moreover, the dynamic responses of the DGs are identical and decoupled from one another. It is further shown that the proposed AC microgrid is stable in the presence of any type of load. The findings of the paper are validated by simulations and laboratory experiments.


Higher Education 4.0 is an educational approach that is based on the integration of digital technologies in all aspects of the educational process. This approach seeks to transform higher education through the personalization of learning, the focus on relevant competencies for the 21st century, the encouragement of collaborative and networked learning, and the flexibility and accessibility to adapt to the changing needs of students. Higher Education 4.0 implies the use of tools such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality and online learning, to improve the quality of teaching, learning and administrative management. This approach seeks to prepare students to face the challenges of the world of work and society, fostering skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, and collaboration. In summary, Higher Education 4.0 seeks to take advantage of the potential of digital technologies to provide a more personalized, relevant and accessible education.


Context. It has been established that the classical gas-phase production of interstellar methanol (CH3OH) cannot explain observed abundances. Instead it is now generally thought that the main formation path has to be by successive hydrogenation of solid CO on interstellar grain surfaces. Aims. While theoretical models and laboratory experiments show that methanol is efficiently formed from CO on cold grains, our aim is to test this scenario by astronomical observations of gas associated with young stellar objects (YSOs). Methods. We have observed the rotational transition quartets J = 2K –1 K of 12 CH3OH and 13 CH3OH at 96.7 and 94.4 GHz, respectively, towards a sample of massive YSOs in different stages of evolution. In addition, the J = 1−0 transitions of 12 C 18 Oa nd 13 C 18 O were observed towards some of these sources. We use the 12 C/ 13 C ratio to discriminate between gas-phase and grain surface origin: If methanol is formed from CO on grains, the ratios should be similar in CH3OH and CO. If not, the ratio should be higher in CH3OH due to 13 C fractionation in cold CO gas. We also estimate the abundance ratios between the nuclear spin types of methanol (E and A). If methanol is formed on grains, this ratio is likely to have been thermalized at the low physical temperature of the grain, and therefore show a relative over-abundance of A-methanol. Results. We show that the 12 C/ 13 C isotopic ratio is very similar in gas-phase CH3OH and C 18 O, on the spatial scale of about 40 �� , towards four YSOs. For two of our sources we find an overabundance of A-methanol as compared to E-methanol, corresponding to nuclear spin temperatures of 10 and 16 K. For the remaining five sources, the methanol E/A ratio is less than unity. Conclusions. While the 12 C/ 13 C ratio test is consistent with methanol formation from hydrogenation of CO on grain surfaces, the result of the E/A ratio test is inconclusive.


In the past decades, both upstream and downstream countries of the Blue Nile Basin (BNB) had developed and adopted several policies and strategies related to land and water manage ment. Yet there are important policy and institutional gaps that irnpeded adoption of improved land and water management strategies. An example of these gaps is the lack of upstream-downstream linkage and incentive-based policy enforcement mechanisms. • In spite of long-standing efforts in improving land and water management in the BNB, achievements have been negligible to date. This is accounted for by land and water manage ment policy and institutional gaps mentioned above. Addressing these gaps only at local level may impact the basin communities at large. Therefore, institutional arrangements need to be built across different scales (nested from local to international) that build trust, facilitate the exchange of information and enable effective monitoring required for successful water resources management (e.g. dam operation, cost and benefit sharing, demand management, etc.). • Payment for environmental services (PES) is a potential incentive-based policy entorcement mechanism for improved land and water management and conflict resolution between upstream and downstream users both at the local scale and in the BN13 at large. This poten tial must be comprehended to bring about a win-win scenario in upstream and downstream parts of the BNB. Financing improved land and water management practices is an expensive venture and mostly within a long-term period of retums. A fully farmer-fmanced PES scheme Illay not be financially feasible (at least in the short term). Therefore, options for user and state co financing must be sought.


A cloud operating system or cloud OS provides an operating system(OS), which can be accessed from anywhere, that has objects and all sorts of resources for normal computing purposes that are deployed in the resource providers, that is the cloud OS provider data center. The cloud operating system provides the environment and feels like normal operating system which can be accessed by either of the two types. One is a simple client system to be installed at the client side as a stand-alone or work alongside another OS, using which the cloud applications can be run at the providers server from the client system. The second method is the need of internet enabled browser, which is just enough to access the operating system located at the server using internet. The model to be implemented is a location free access operating system under Linux platform that can be accessed by a web browser. It is enabled by handling the operating system procedures as html or xml requests and responses. As the workload increases, the performance issue needs to be considered. Performance analysis needs to be associated in parallel along with implementing the components SaaS services like File Splitter, Image Editor and Office Suite, PaaS services like compiler(UTF), Kernel for Scheduling and Kernel for Mutual Exclusion and IaaS services like File Storage, Shared Memory and Shared bandwidth.


Free Schools, schools without walls, radical proposals for curricular and structural change in high schools around the country, all point to a growing lack of confidence in the traditional American secondary school. Students want to study civil rights, poverty, public and private corruption, drug laws, and the effects of drugs. They seek freer, more independent learning styles and greater opportunities for self-exploration and "doing your own thing." They call for more flexibility in classroom hours, and for modification or abandonment of classroom attendance regulations. Students are critical of, or concerned about:


ABSTRACT Satellite-based precipitation products provide critical precipitation sources with high resolution for hydrologic forecasting. This study aims to assess the suitability of the near-real-time "Early" run and "Late" run of the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) products (IMERG-E and IMERG-L), and the post-real-time "Final" run IMERG product (IMERG-F) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42RT in flood simulation, particularly flood events, at hourly scale over a humid region of China. A statistical assessment of the accuracy of selected satellite-based precipitation products shows IMERG-F outperforms the others, and the performance of TMPA 3B42RT is generally better than that of IMERG-E and IMERG-L. Furthermore, IMERG-F performs the best in hourly streamflow simulation, as well as in flood event simulation, with a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of 0.71, while IMERG-E, IMERG-L and TMPA 3B42RT present overall acceptable performance. The simulated peak flows tend to be smaller than the observations, and the simulated time lags of occurrence are changeable. This study finds that IMERG and Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) are suitable for hydrological simulations at hourly scale, and IMERG-E is an appropriate replacement for TMPA 3B42RT in this case.


The differentiation between functional and organic symptomatology is at the heart of much of neurological practice. It is doubtful, however, that there is an area in which it presents so many difficulties as in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. Over the last 20 years there has been a great increase in our understanding of the frequency of psychogenic non-epileptic attacks (pseudoseizures). While they are not commonly recognized in the community as a whole, the more selected and apparently severe a population of people with epilepsy that a neurologist sees, the higher the proportion of patients with non-epileptic attacks. Thus, a community-based study in the Mersey …


The double-wall paper cup is an everyday object that can be used in the laboratory
to study heat transfer. The experiment described here has been done by physics students aged 12–13 years; it can also be used in a different context to prompt debate about environmental issues.


Students in most methods classes routinely write lesson plans. They typically receive feedback of some kind on those lesson plans, but what do they do with this well-intentioned information? What does the feedback mean to them? There is considerable opportunity for misunderstandings to occur. In the best-case scenarios, students implement their lessons in the classroom as a reality check. At this time, if they are suitably reflective, they have a basis for determining the value of their written lesson plans and can adapt their approach in the future. Unfortunately, the best-case scenario is not always possible. What follows is a description of an alternate use of lesson planning in an elementary music methods class.


The effect on sarcoma cells of acriflavine, alone and combined with radiation, was tested. The material used was MTK sarcoma 111 of rats. An aqueous solution of acriflavine was injected intraperitoneally, and the frequency of mitosis, the percentage of each mitetic phase, and the frequency of abnormal chromosomes in the metaphase and anaphase were determined. The frequency of mitosis diminished rapidly after the administration of acriflavine, being lowest 3 to 6 hr after injection. Then the number of mitotic cells gradually increased, but it was not restored to the pre-treatment condition even 48 hr after injection. The decrease in mitoses was proportional to the amount of acriflavine injected, rarging from 0.1 mg/100 g to 2.5 mg/ 100 g. Abnormal chromosomes with stickiness and condensation were found in the metaphase, while in the anaphase chromosome- bridges induced by stickiness were definitely increased. When combined with x ray the number of mitoses in sarcoma cells was even fewer. When small amounts of acriflavine (up to 0.005 mg/100 g) were administered before or after irradiation, mitosis of sarcoma cells was depressed, although no recognizable effect occurred when such small amounts were used without x irradiation. (Abstr. Japan Med., 1: No. 10, 1961)


The effects of latex modification and steel fiber reinforcement on the impact resistance and flexural strength and toughness of concrete materials were investigated. Two levels of latex content and two different fiber volume fractions were considered. Latex modification was particularly effective in increasing the impact resistance of plain concrete. Flexural strength was also increased in the presence of latex, but the flexural toughness of plain concrete did not receive major benefits from latex modification. Steel fibers were effective in increasing the impact resistance and flexural strength and toughness of concrete. The advantages associated with the joint use of steel fibers and latex polymers in concrete materials are assessed. Specifically, the effects of steel fiber reinforcement and latex modification on the impact resistance, flexural strength, and toughness characteristics of concrete materials are addressed. The hypothesis is that the improved adhesion capacity and ductility of concrete matrices incorporating latex polymers make them more compatible with steel fibers. The coimbined action of steel fibers and latex polymers produces the best performance characteristics. In the case of impact resistance and flexural toughness, the joint effects of latex and steel fibers are more than additive, indicating a positive interaction between the two. Latex modification seems to make concrete matrices more compatible with steel fibers. The increase in fiber-to-matrix bond in the presence of latex also seems to enhance the reinforcement properties of steel fibers in concrete.


Calves immunized (sensitized) with alcide-inactivated bluetongue virus (BTV) developed immunoglobulin (Ig) E-specific antibody to BTV. Development of clinically apparent disease occurred after challenge with virulent BTV, and lesions correlated with peak levels of virus-specific IgE, an eosinophilic dermatitis, and high concentrations of histamine in the skin. IgE may be important in the pathogenesis of clinical bluetongue (BT) disease in cattle.


Objective:To detect the enzymes and the physiological and biochemical experiments of the isolates from the sewage of Yanqi sugar factory.Method:By the physiological and biochemical experiments and the morphological properties.Result:Three bacteria were isolated.Conclusion:Based on the the physiological and biochemical experiments and the morphological properties,the three isolates were likely to belong to Aeromonas,Plesiomonas and Escherichia.So,some important data would be referred to treat the sewage by biological means.


Chang-Tai Hsieh opened the general discussionwith a question onmeasurement. The authors'model can be used to back out ameasure of skillbiased technical change (SBTC), he noted. However, this measure is model dependent and its units vary with the parametrization, he argued. Hsieh asked the authors about a possible empirical counterpart to this measure. The authors agreed that their measure of quality or SBTC is model dependent. However, they argued that there is a formal equivalence between their model with SBTC and existing models with capital and skill complementarities (but no SBTC), such as Per Krusell, Lee E. Ohanian, José-Vı́ctor Rı́os-Rull, and Giovanni L. Violante ("Capital-Skill Complementarity and Inequality: A Macroeconomic Analysis," Econometrica 68, no. 5 [2000]: 1029–53), for which units are somewhat more interpretable. In those models, changes in the price of capital increase the complementarity between capital and high-skill labor. This mechanism amplifies the response to shocks, they noted, just like the "trading up" phenomenon in their model. Richard Blundell argued that the market for childcare constitutes a good case study of trading up. Childcare is a nontradable, low-skill good, he noted. However, the demand for this service has increased over time as women's incomes improved. In appearance, this runs counter to the authors' premise. But in reality, the composition of the demand for childcare changed, Blundell said. As incomes grew, so did the demand for skilled childcare. Blundell noted that the literature on the subject typically allows for variable quality in the production of care, much like in the authors' paper. The authors agreed with Blundell's comment. They added that childcare is a particularly interesting service in that it could be produced at home as well. Allowing for choices at the extensive margin would be an interesting extension, they said.


The defective aspects of the criminal legal system of the ACT which neglect the welfare of mentally ill people charged with crime are discussed. The absence of government care for such 'criminals' in terms of mental health facilities results in a hopeless situation for them and also their families, who are forced to take care of them by the government.


Carcinomas complicating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain relatively uncommon and even in specialized centres make up no more than 1 per cent of all large bowel carcinomas, while carcinoma complicating Crohn's disease probably makes up a slightly larger proportion of small bowel carcinomas, particularly when those in the periampullary region are excluded. Most carcinomas arising in the background of IBD are difficult to diagnose because they tend to bear a greater resemblance to early gastric carcinoma than the usual appearances seen in early large bowel carcinomas. They are flat, plaque-like, or only slightly raised, are rarely ulcerated and may be very difficult to detect either endoscopically or radiologically. Further, even if visualized, biopsy rarely shows invasive carcinoma although the over-lying dysplastic epithelium which falls short of frank carcinoma in situ, is usually seen. Such dysplasia-associated lesions or masses (DALMs) should probably be treated as invasive carcinoma, although whether invasion is or is not present will not be apparent until the lesion is examined histologically.


Cellulosic materials are treated with non-formaldehyde durable press finishing agents based on polycarboxylic acids (PCA) such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) or citric acid (CA) in combination with sodium hypophosphite (SHP), as an appropriate catalyst, at 180 °C for 90 sec. CA decomposes over 153 °C, forming by-products that cause yellowing of the finished fabric. The present study investigates the curing process under mild conditions. The textile physical properties of the BTCA and CA treated cotton fabrics were evaluated in terms of dry crease wrinkle recovery (DCRA) and whiteness index (WI). In addition, the fabrics were tested by FT-IR/ATR. The amount of cotton-bound PCA was determined by isocratic HPLC. The results obtained make evident that, below 150 °C, no unsaturated PCA are produced, and also that the treatment of PCA finished cotton fabrics with TEOS/GPTMS solutions (tetraethoxysilane/ 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) improves the DCRA values.


Widrow (1971) proposed the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm, which has been extensively applied in adaptive signal processing and adaptive control. The LMS algorithm is based on the minimum mean squares error. On the basis of the total least mean squares error or the minimum Raleigh quotient, we propose the total least mean squares (TLMS) algorithm. The paper gives the statistical analysis for this algorithm, studies the global asymptotic convergence of this algorithm by an equivalent energy function, and evaluates the performances of this algorithm via computer simulations.


In accordance with the optimization of regional investment in industries, the outcome of input capital is not the only concern, we should also consider the outcome of society and environment. Combining the method of subjective granting and the method of objective granting, the model of entropy coefficient is to be built to grade the optimization of various industries and examples are showed to explicate the usage of the model.


Obstetric trauma to the puborectal muscle seems to be an important cause of pelvic floor dysfunction in women. Due to the complicated three‐dimensional (3D) arrangement of the pelvic structures, two‐dimensional images are not sufficient to demonstrate its relationships in a complex fashion. Thus, we aimed to create a 3D computer model to visualize the normal female pelvic floor anatomy and to compare this with the anatomy after bilateral avulsion of the puborectal muscle following delivery.


The Education Policy Institute's recent report flags up the dangers of the continuing recruitment crisis in the early years sector. Without investment in pay, the Government risks its agenda for quality childcare.


The local offset optimization method can calculate the offset of a sub-area in real-time by calculating the offset of each intersection to minimize the sum of delay and stops on adjacent links. For example, the well-known SCOOT uses this method. There are some questions about this method, such as the consequent offsets not necessarily minimizing the delay and stops of the whole sub-area. The impacts of these are still unknown. In this paper this method is examined through simulations but experimental results indicate that it performs rather poorly. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


The aim of this work was to show the effect of change in pH on removing turbidity, the concentration of turbidity (100, 300) NTU, where the turbidity was removed by using activated carbon column (height 11 cm and internal diameter 8 cm) and contained a cotton filter in the bottom of it, pH range (5, 7, 10), by using pH adjustment (HCL, NaOH), alum and ferric chloride was used as additive. The results showed that the activated carbon had excellent results for removal turbidity, and the removal efficiency was enhanced with increasing pH the best results at pH (7, 10) and also when adding alum and ferric chloride, but the effect of ferric chloride was more than alum in removing turbidity.


cosmic rays that strike the surface of the earth are of suffletent velocity to penetrate several hundred feet into it. At an altitude of 23 miles the mass of the atmosphere becomes a virtually ineffective shield against these particles. As adequate shielding by suitable construction of the aircraft may require prohibitive weight, there is considerable evidence that cosmic rays may produce a barrier sufftclent to prevent operation above this altitude. Another hazard is presented by meteors, meteorites, or grains of meteoritic dust. The last-mentioned are fragments, usually of stone or iron, and of very small size, which travel at tremendous velocities; impact velocities of from six to 45 miles per second have been observed. It has been estimated that the statistical probability of space vehicular puncture is in the neighbourhood of twice per month of operation, depending, of course, on the size of the vehicle. Campbell states that the engineering problems involved in cabin pressurization and the provision in the cabin of an atmosphere that not only is initially suitable but can be washed and recirculated are not insurmountable. However, penetration of such a cabin by a meteoritic fragment, or the loss of a door or window, would present a very serious hazard through explosive decompression. Unless the perforation was quite small and immediately plugged, consciousness could be sustained for only about fifteen seconds. Pressure suits are thought likely to offer some protection against minor perforation, and it has been suggested that structural protection could be afforded by a laminated cabin shell with air spaces and self-sealing material between the laminations.


Current autonomic vehicles in outdoor scenarios perform mobility operations with walking speed to ensure safety. For a faster mobility of autonomous vehicles, concrete knowledge of the environment is needed. This will be achieved through a dynamic context model based on sensor data with uncertainties from the environment. These uncertainties arise through existential uncertainty, consistency, and co/variance of and between the sensor data. To allow a flexible processing and to allow different approaches for object detection, object classification, and object tracking, data stream management technology is used. Therefore, a new algebra and operators based on the relational algebra are defined to preserve and process the uncertainties about the sensor data.


Objectives: To observe the role of rhGH and PN in critically ill, patients of abdominal surgery. Methods:Forty patients of abdominal surgery with severe trauma,infection and hypoproteinemia (30 g/L) were collected and divided randomly into experimental group ( rhGH +PN, n =20) and control group (PN, n =20). The changes of nitrogen balance and plasma proteins were analysed before and after therapy. Results: After treatment, nitrogen excretion decreased gradually in two groups.Compared with control group, nitrogen balance was improved more obviously in experiment group, and positive nitrogen balance occured on the 5th day after treating. Before treating, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the level of plasma proteins.The level of plasma proteins was increased in the two groups, but the change in experiment group was more significant than that in control group( P 0.05). Conclusions: Combined treatment using rhGH and PN could obviously correct negative nitrogen balance and promote protein synthesis in critically ill patient of abdominal surgery.


We consider the stochastic control problem of how to optimally close a large asset position in an illiquid market with price impact. We assume that the risk attributed to an open position depends on the price evolvement since the beginning of the trading period. Within a continuous-time model with a linear temporary price impact we show how to obtain an optimal trade off between liquidity costs and price risk. The optimal trading rates, turning out to be price sensitive, can be characterized in terms of a PDE describing by how much they differ from a linear trading rate. The PDE, in general, does not possess a closed-form solution. We provide a uniqueness result for solutions in the viscosity sense, allowing in the following to identify the value function and optimal trading rates. Finally we show that optimal strategies from discrete model approximations converge to the continuous-time optimal trading rates.


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In this, we studied and investigated IFM/IFG/1 vacation queueing system/waiting line with server breakdowns, repair and server timeout, "by using (Triangular Trapezoidal and Pentagonal) IF (Intuitionistic Fuzzy) numbers with the application of IFS (Intuitionistic fuzzy set). Here we operate single server vacation queueing system in the following manner; when the system finds empty, the server waits for fixed time 'c' known as server timeout. At the expiration of this time, if no one arrives into the system, then server takes the vacation. If anyone arrived in the system during the timeout period as well as in vacation the server commences the service otherwise, he will go for another vacation. If the system had occurred with a breakdown, just after a break down the server undergoes for repair. After the repaired process is completed the server restarts the service to the arrived customer. By the approach of IFS properties, we develop the membership function of the system performance are of fuzzy nature. Based on IFS α-cut approach the Intuitionistic fuzzy queues are reduced to a family of ICS (Intuitionistic Crisp Set). The numerical results are illustrated to the model.