Inaccessible online data visualizations can significantly disenfranchise screen-reader users from accessing critical online information. Current accessibility measures, such as adding alternative text to visualizations, only provide a high-level overview of data, limiting screen-reader users from exploring data visualizations in depth. In this work, we build on prior research to develop taxonomies of information sought by screen-reader users to interact with online data visualizations granularly through role-based and longitudinal studies with screen-reader users. Utilizing these taxonomies, we extended the functionality of VoxLens—an open-source multi-modal system that improves the accessibility of data visualizations—by supporting drilled-down information extraction. We assessed the performance of our VoxLens enhancements through task-based user studies with 10 screen-reader and 10 non-screen-reader users. Our enhancements "closed the gap" between the two groups by enabling screen-reader users to extract information with approximately the same accuracy as non-screen-reader users, reducing interaction time by 22% in the process.


this paper considers application of L1 adaptive output feedback controller to tilt-rotor aircraft longitudinal autopilot design. The proposed adaptive controller has satisfactory performance which meets ADS-33E-PRF Military Rotorcraft handing qualities specifications in the presence of unknown time-varying nonlinearities. Simulations verify the controller.


Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy by acupuncture and electro-acupuncture with different waveforms in treating the syndrome of insomnia of Yin-deficiency and Fire hyperactivity.Methods:44 patients with the syndrome of hyperactivity of fire due to Yin-deficiency of insomnia classified into two groups according to the random and control principle.The patients of treatment group(n=22)were treated by acupuncture and scalp electro-acupuncture with dense wave while the patients of control group(n=22)were treated by rare wave.Observe the clinical efficacy of two groups after three courses of treatment.Results:The total effective rate of treatment group(90.91%) was far superior to that of control group(50.00%),P0.05,which had a statistical significance.Conclusion:The therapeutic efficacy by acupuncture and scalp electro-acupuncture with dense wave excel the rarefaction wave in treating the syndrome of insomnia of Yin-deficiency and Fire hyperactivity.


Methodology & Results: Initial field surveys in 2003-2004 using orthophotos to produce a Digital Elevation Model from stereo air photos [2] showed promise (Fig.2). The DEM, in conjunction with age and deformation of the structure applied to complex crater morphologies, suggested that the simplistic circular shape and size of the original map (Fig.1) could be revised and better defined by Remote Sensing.


In an exploratory study on educational child-robot interaction we investigate the effect of alternating a learning activity with an additional shared activity. Our aim is to enhance and enrich the relationship between child and robot by introducing "physical extracurricular activities". This enriched relationship might ultimately influence the way the child and robot interact with the learning material. We use qualitative measurement techniques to evaluate the effect of the additional activity on the child-robot relationship. We also explore how these metrics can be integrated in a highly exploratory cumulative score for the relationship between child and robot. This cumulative score suggests a difference in the overall child-robot relationship between children who engage in a physical extracurricular activity with the robot, and children who only engage in the learning activity with the robot.


The working principle of colour TV supply source circuit and fault analysis were described. Some maintenance examples are helpful for repairing other switch supply source circuits.


The Risk Assessment describes the EFH Model used to identify and describe EFH, an Impacts Model developed to evaluate anthropogenic impacts to EFH, and a data gaps analysis. Developing these components of the Risk Assessment was intended to answer the following fundamental questions: • What areas could qualify as essential pursuant to section 303(a)(7) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act (MSA)? • Given past inputs (anthropogenic and environmental), what is the probability that the condition of Pacific coast groundfish habitat has been degraded to an extent that function has been impaired? • Given foreseeable inputs (anthropogenic and environmental) and regulatory regimes, how are trends in Pacific coast groundfish habitat expected to respond? What areas are at risk of impaired function and of particular concern? • How might trends in habitat function be affected by altering anthropogenic inputs and regulatory regimes? • What types of fisheries management alternatives could be applied to mitigate the effects of fishing on habitat? What are the likely impacts to habitat of specific fisheries management alternatives? • What are the scientific limitations of assessing habitat? The data analysis undertaken to address these questions has included spatial and temporal analysis of the distribution of habitat types, distribution of fish species, habitat use by fish, sensitivities of habitat to perturbations, and the dynamics of fishing effort. The three parts of the Risk Assessment referenced above have been adapted as parts of the appendices to the Groundfish FMP. The description of the Impacts Model comprises this document, part of Appendix C to the Groundfish FMP. The Risk Assessment proceeded along three major tracks; data consolidation and infrastructure development, proof of concept, and assessment modeling and review. The results of these efforts are discussed in Appendix B. Five main types of data were available for the risk assessment; habitat use, habitat characteristics, fishing effects, nonfishing effects, and existing habitat protection. These data feed into the analytical parts of the decision-making framework, which the development team termed the Comprehensive Risk Assessment, reflecting the integrated use of the best scientific information available in the development of guidance for the policy development process. Many of these data types can be analyzed and presented in GIS maps and overlays to indicate where the most important and vulnerable habitats are distributed in relation to the activities that may be impacting them (fishing and nonfishing). Thorough and responsible analysis of these data, however, involves substantially more than creating …


A questionnaire for self-completion was given to 40 patients attending follow up appointments at the Lipid Clinic at Hope Hospital, over an 8 week period. The questions were designed to assess the importance placed by patients on both blood cholesterol levels and diet, and the patients' perceived ability to comply with the lipid lowering diet. Opportunity was given for patients to comment on services offered, and to suggest improvements.

Most patients appeared well motivated (although some by fear) and believed that changes in diet are effective, and perceived that they followed the dietary advice 'quite well'. Many patients thought in terms of 'good' and 'bad' foods, and 'sticking to the diet'. This was shown by comments of feeling deprived of favourite foods and being 'forced' to eat boring or unpopular foods.

Recommendations are made that instead of focusing on motivation or compliance, health professionals should facilitate behaviour change by identifying obstacles to compliance and enabling patients to set their own dietary targets and self-monitoT their diets.


The hardware and software design of the temperature acquisition system based on RS485 serial communication criterion isintroduced. The acquisition of temperature data is finished by the system taking AT89S52 MCU as core. Collected data can be sentup to computer through RS485 serial bus,stored and processed in it. The software of this system includes MCU and computer pro-grams,programmed with C language and VB language. Some corresponding software and hardware anti-disturbance measures assurethis system's stability and reliability.


In this paper, we discuss the existence of fixed points for new classes of mappings. Some examples are presented to illustrate our results.


We demonstrate efficient and simple structure phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes, in which 4, 4′, 4″-tris[3-methyl-pheny(phenyl)-amino]triphenyl -amine (m-MTDATA) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) are used as hole transport and electron transport layers, respectively, accompanied by 3 wt% fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium doped in 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-benzene (Ir : TPBi) as the emitting layer. As a result, a 29 lm W−1 peak power efficiency and 2.2 V turn-on voltage are achieved, respectively. The achievement of excellent electroluminescence (EL) properties was attributed to the contribution of exciplex formation at the interface of m-MTDATA/Ir : TPBi and the Auger-type two-step process of charge carrier injection. The competition between the interfacial exciplex and Ir-complex emissions in the EL processes was also discussed.


Vol. V, No. 6 | [Articles:] "Entertainment Leads SFV Economy, CSUN Researchers Say - Annual University Report Concludes Entertainment Accounts for 18% of Valley Private Jobs and 26% of Private Payroll"; "Couple Donates $800,000 for New Food Science Auditorium - New Facility in the Magaram Center Will House Portable Demonstration Kitchen and High-Tech Equipment"; "CSUN's California State Employee Campaign Gets Underway"


The invention provides a makeup method used for variable data. The method includes obtaining a variable data source, building a page layout formwork, binding the variable data source in the formwork and executing the set makeup rule to utilize the page layout formwork to generate a makeup board. A makeup device used for variable data comprises an obtaining module used for obtaining the variable data source, a building module used for building the page layout formwork and binding the variable data source in the page layout formwork and an execution module is used for executing the set makeup rule to utilize the page layout formwork to generate the makeup board. The makeup method and the makeup device can flexibly achieve makeup output of variable data.


The purpose of the study is to determine whether the eyewitness identification can be regarded as a reliable source of information in a police investigation. In light of the many cases of eyewitness misidentifications, it seems reasonable to determine not only what class of objects is more likely to be actually recognized, but also is the level of accuracy sufficient enough to be a solid base for an investigation or a court case. To answer the questions a two-step experiment was designed and performed. At the first stage of the study, 71 participants watched a short video clip, and a week later they were asked to identify persons and the objects that appeared in the film. The participants' rate of face identification success was 55%, while in the case of objects it was only 28%. Bootstrap estimation was used to determine if those numbers differ from random, and as a result whether they should be considered as a result of an accidental hit. The analysis showed that in the case of objects identification the success rate is within the bounds of randomness, while face identification exceeds it. It can be concluded that unlike faces, objects are more likely guessed than recognized.


The public economic burden of shifting trends in population health remains uncertain. Sustained increases in obesity, diabetes, and other diseases could reduce life expectancy with a concomitant decrease in the public-sector's annuity burden but these savings may be offset by worsening functional status, which increases health care spending, reduces labor supply, and increases public assistance. Using a microsimulation approach, we quantify the competing public-finance consequences of shifting trends in population health for medical care costs, labor supply, earnings, wealth, tax revenues, and government expenditures (including Social Security and income assistance). Together, the reduction in smoking and the rise in obesity have increased net public-sector liabilities by $430bn, or approximately 4% of the current debt burden. Larger effects are observed for specific public programs: annual spending is 10% higher in the Medicaid program, and 7% higher for Medicare. Pierre-Carl Michaud The RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street Santa Monica, CA 90401 email@example.com Dana Goldman The RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street P.O. Box 2138 Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 and NBER email@example.com Darius Lakdawalla The RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 and NBER email@example.com Yuhui Zheng The RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street Santa Monica, CA 90401 firstname.lastname@example.com Adam Gailey The RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street P.O. Box 2138 Santa Monica, CA 90401 firstname.lastname@example.com


The sixth plenary session of Chinese Communist Party 16th Central Committee proposes the significant proposition and the strategic mission of socialism core value system construction for the first time.Educational systems are the entire social system′s important component,the university educate are the engagement spot of education and society,has the pivotal function in the raise country and the national talented person.The construction of mainstream value system of socialism core value system will relate the major issue of future "any talented person".The socialism core value system is the main body of socialism ideology,is the intrinsic spirit and the life soul of socialist system.Construction of the socialism core value system is also the need of socialism culture development and socialism moral thought reconstruction.Through utilization literature methodology,qualitative analytic method,this article analyzes socialism core value body,and at last,some countermeasures are got out.


Abstract Objective To investigate associations between multimodal analgesia and post-operative pain among patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Records of patients who underwent surgery from 5 September 2012 to 30 November 2016 were abstracted. Associations were assessed using multivariable analysis. Results A total of 216 patients (mean age of 59.1 years, 89.4 per cent male) underwent transoral robotic surgery (92.6 per cent were human papilloma virus positive, 87.5 per cent had stage T1–T2 tumours, and 82.9 per cent had stage N0–N1 nodes). Gabapentin (n = 86) was not associated with a reduction in severe pain. Ibuprofen (n = 72) was administered less often in patients with severe pain. Gabapentin was not associated with increased post-operative sedation (p = 0.624) and ibuprofen was not associated with increased bleeding (p = 0.221). Post-operative opioid usage was not associated with surgical duration, pharyngotomy, bilateral neck dissections, tumour stage, tumour size, subsite or gabapentin. Conclusion Scheduled low-dose gabapentin was not associated with improved pain control or increased respiratory depression. Ibuprofen was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding and may be under-utilised.


People's reactions to offenders and victims of crime follow different rationales. Whereas the punishment of the offender is primarily determined by the severity of the crime (which includes its foreseeable harmful consequences), the actual harm that is experienced by the victim drives the need for his or her support and assistance. With the introduction of the Victim Impact Statement (VIS), in which victims are allowed to express the (harmful) consequences of the crime on their lives, the question is raised whether allowing such victim input during criminal proceedings would influence the offender's sentence. The main goal of the current research is to disentangle how a crime's wrongfulness and harmfulness influence people's reactions to offenders and victims. We show that, whereas people's perceptions of the offender (and the outcome of the trial) are influenced by the severity of the crime, people's judgements related to the victim are more likely to be influenced by an interaction between the severity of the crime and the experienced harm of the crime. That is, in this study no support was found for the argument that the delivery of a VIS would lead to a violation of the proportionality principle.


Effects of light intensity on the mineral elements,main chemical components and phys-ical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results shows that the content of N,K,Ca,Cl,Cu,starch and reduced sugar,K/Cl, the single-leaf-weight,leaf weight of unit area,and leaf thickness were greatly influenced by light intensity.The content of Fe,Zn and total sugar,and stalk proportion were suffered secondly.But the content of P,Mg and equilibrium moisture ratio were less affected.It suggested that the light intensity of over 80% is suitable for the growth of flue-cured tobacco.


With the rapid development of satellite technology, remote sensing data has entered the era of big data, and the intelligent processing of remote sensing images has been paid more attention. Through the semantic research of remote sensing data, the processing ability of remote sensing data is greatly improved. This paper aims to introduce and analyze the research and application progress of remote sensing image satellite data processing from the perspective of semantics. Firstly, it introduces the characteristics and semantic knowledge of remote sensing big data. Secondly, the semantic concept, semantic construction, and application fields are introduced in detail. Then, for remote sensing big data, the technical progress in the study field of semantic construction is analyzed from four aspects—semantic description and understanding, semantic segmentation, semantic classification, and semantic search—focusing on deep learning technology. Finally, the problems and challenges in the four aspects are discussed in detail in order to find more directions to explore.


Cerro Tocorpuri, belongs to the II region of Chile, in San Pedro de Atacama, on the border of Chile-Bolivia. The presence of a more or less constant supply of water conditions the existence of characteristic vegetation systems known as bogs (bofedales, vegas and marshes). These wetlands have a cultural, environmental and economic social importance. As a result of the exploitation of aquatic rights, peatlands began to dry up with the consequent loss of natural resources and damage to ancestral rights, and natural resources. The activities of microorganisms in wetlands play an important role in biogeochemical processes. The interaction between microbial diversity and soil, influences to the ability of the ecosystem to recover from stress (resilience). In the present work, the soil characteristics and the associated microbial biodiversity were studied, comparing samples of active and deteriorated peatland. It was seen that the loss of water causes great changes in the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil, which leads to a modification of the microbiota Proteobacteria decreased by 18% in deteriorated peatlands, which are evident more sensible to extreme conditions while Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria increased in these sample showing a better adaptation to the change of conditions. In view of the fact that high Andean Peatlands are exposed to increasing environmental impact, this preliminary comparative study of pristine and altered soil could guide the research directed to recovery of dead peatlands strategies.


The increment of company knowledge would be realized through the knowledge communication and sharing.Considering many influence factors, knowledge sharing is very difficoult .To realized the pareto optimality must under positive incentive from outside.This paper base on study of knowledge sharing mechanism,use theory of incomplete information dynamic games to analysis the powerment of knowledge sharing,and establish a conceptual model of optimal incentivemechanism design of knowledge sharing.


Synopsis Using a non-linear transformation of the state space, the dynamic behaviour of an adaptive thirdorder relay system is analysed. The control strategy yields state paths close to the time-optimal trajectories.


Although the syntheses of novel and diverse peptides rely mainly on traditional coupling using unnatural amino acids, postsynthetic modification of peptides could provide a complementary method for the preparation of nonproteinogenic peptides. Site selectivity of postsynthetic modification of peptides is usually achieved by targeting reactive moieties, such as the thiol group of cysteine or the C-2 position of tryptophan. Herein, we report the development of site-selective functionalizations of inert C(sp3)–H bonds of N-terminal amino acids in di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides without installing a directing group. The native amino acid moiety within the peptide is used as a ligand to accelerate the C–H activation reaction. In the long run, this newly uncovered reactivity could provide guidance for developing site-selective C(sp3)–H activation toward postsynthetic modification of a broader range of peptides.


This paper points out the disagreement of boundary conditions that generate force discontinuity in the linear spring damping contact model by analyzing the contact modulation of the clearance joint.The nonlinear spring damping contact model is adopted to model the contact force of the clearance joint elements by making a comparison among the integration methods. The nonlinear behavior of the mechanism with clearance joints is analyzed based on the dynamic model of the crank rocker mechanism with clearance joints. Finally, according to Poincare map, it is found that clearance is the important fact that causes chaos and affects the figure of Poincare map.


Arabic language considers the most complex language. It widely prevalent among the population and it contains a large vocabulary and grammar rather than other languages, so it has a lot of challenges; one of these challenges, it is how to predict of the correct meaning of the preposition in the word which represents as stop words, whereas it there are several of prepositions which have more than one meaning according its location in the sentence. The most information retrieval systems are facing many challenges when is applied in the Arabic Texts due to the large difference between Arabic languages with other language. The preposition has a great importance in the Arabic language due to its effect at sentence meaning. To predict the suitable meaning of prepositions, there are also some rules must be followed to identify the correct meaning in the sentence. In this work, we proposed novel approaches for dealing with these prepositions.


Background : The pathological features in asthmatic airway remodeling are diverse. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of airway vascularity in relation to the other remodeling parameters in asthmatics. Methods : Bronchial biopsies were done in 34 asthmatic patients, and 6control subjects. The basement membrane thickness and the subepithelial thickness were measured in the hematoxylin-eosin stained tissue, and the degree of vascularity was measured using type IV collagen immunostaining. Results : 1) Compared to the control subjects, the asthmatics showed a significant increase in the basement membrane thickness (6.92±2.01μm vs 9.67±2.84μm, p<0.05) and the subepithelial thickness (44.49 ±31.92μm vs 121.22±72.79μm, p<0.05). 2) Compared to the control subjects, the asthmatics showed a significant increase in the vascular area per unit submucosal area (4.51±2.13% vs 10.32±6.08%, p<0.05). In addition, the number of vessels per unit submucosal area showed an increased tendency without statistical significance. 3) In the asthmatics, the number of vessels and the vascular area per unit submucosal area


Abstract : The PCTE Browser Tool (PBT) is an instance of the Paramax STARS reusable Graphical Browser (RGB), a generic graphical browser for the display of networks of nodes and arcs. In the case of the PBT, the nodes displayed by the RGB are PCTE objects, and the arcs are PCTE links. The PBT is an X Window System application, and as such makes use of the Paramax STARS implementation of Ada/Xt and Ada implementation of some MIT Athena and Hewlett Packard widgets. PCTE, Browser Tool, Ada Bindings.


In this contribution, the first direct and efficient functionalization of the preformed 2-phenyltetrahydropyran (2-PhTHP) nucleus by electrophilic interception of the corresponding alpha-lithiated derivative by employing sBuLi as the base and THF as the solvent at -78 degrees C was explored. The presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) proved to be critical to governing reaction feasibility both in polar and apolar solvents and for improving the yield of the reaction. Both carbon-and heteroatom-based halides were found to be competent electrophiles for this transformation, as well as aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones, isocyanates, and carboxylic acid derivatives. The combination of hexane/TMEDA lowered the rate of racemization of a-lithiated optically active 2-PhTHP, which thereby enabled calculation of its barrier to inversion at -78 degrees C.


A two-dimensional computer code that is capable of predicting the moderator flow and temperature distribution inside CANDU calandria is presented. The code uses a new approach to simulate the calandria tube matrix by blocking the cells containing the tubes in the finite difference mesh. A jet momentum-dominant flow pattern is predicted in the nonisothermal case, and the effect of the buoyancy force, resulting from nuclear heating, is found to enhance the speed of circulation. Hot spots are located in low-velocity areas at the top of the calandria and below the inlet jet level between the fuel channels. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of moderator inlet velocity,moderator inlet nozzle location, and geometric scaling. The results indicate that decreasing the moderator inlet velocity has no significant influence on the general features of the flow pattern (i.e., momentum dominant); however, too many high-temperature hot spots appear within the fuel channels.


Coronary artery disease remains a major cause of death globally despite the introduction of novel therapeutics. Experimental evidences in the past decade have proved beyond doubt that innate and adaptive immune responses play an important and complex role in atherosclerosis, contributing to both atheroprotective and proatherogenic effects. The reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in animal models upon immunization with modified low-density lipoproteins has made the development and use of an atheroprotective vaccine a real possibility. Previous studies have used antigenic epitopes including oxidized phopholipid molecules, modified apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB) peptide, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, heat shock proteins and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor to develop a vaccine for atherosclero- sis. In our vaccine development effort, we have identified novel peptide epitopes from self-antigens and pathogens, which have shown promise in preliminary studies. In this review, we discuss the current approaches used for developing an atherosclerosis vaccine and the potential mechanisms of protection afforded by these immunomodulating agents.


Photometric and polarimetric properties of lunar soil and rock fragments were determined from Surveyor pictures. High resolution measurements (centimeter scale) revealed differences in the photometric functions of various materials concomitant with probable different fine-scale surface textures. The photometric function of the light, undisturbed fine-grained lunar soil is similar to the function measured through an earth-based telescope (kilometer resolution), whereas the darker, disturbed soil has a more peaked backscatter function, and smooth compressed soil has more Lambertian-like reflectivity. Most rock fragments seem to have essentially dust-free surfaces and a Lambertian-like photometric function; their normal albedos are estimated to range from 9 to 22%.

The polarimetric function of lunar soil is similar to that of basalt and gabbro powdered to a grain size of 30 to 75 μ. Lunar rocks reflecting strongly polarized light (up to 34% polarized) have the highest albedos. The observed polarimetric function of lunar rocks is more similar to that of basalt and gabbro than any other common rock type.


Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) administered to mice prior to alloxan antagonizes its diabetogenic action in a dose dependent fashion and up to 96 hours after injection. Results are discussed on the basis of free radical formation by alloxan and of the metabolic property of GHB which is known to increase the rate of operation of the pentose phosphate pathway.


The paper industries are adopting non-chlorine containing chemicals e.g. peroxide, ozone, peracids etc. as alternate of chlorine based bleach chemicals e.g. chlorine and chlorine dioxide etc. with the aim of eco-friend atmospheres. Changeover to the new chemicals in the bleaching process is likely to affect the metallurgy of the existing bleach plants due to change in the corrosivity of the media. Accordingly, corrosion investigations were performed in a peracid namely peracetic acid to test the suitability of austenitic stainless steels 654SMO, 265SMO, 2205, 317L and 316L. The performance of above stainless steels was evaluated through long term immersion tests and Electrochemical polarization measurements in peracetic acid (PAA) bleach media at pH value 4 maintaining concentration 0.2 % as active oxygen along with three chloride levels 0, 500 and 1000 ppm in pulp-free laboratory. To study the effect of corrosion inhibitors with extending limit of chloride in liquors, measurements were also made with two types of chelantsEDTA & MgSO4. The results showed that corrosivity of PAA reduced by addition of chelant while increased with concentration of Cl ̄. The results also exhibited that EDTA is better inhibitor than MgSO4.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expressions of COX-2 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in carcinogenesis and development of the cervical cancer.Methods:Quantitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to examine the levels of COX-2 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in the following groups: 10 cases with normal cervical tissue,10 cases with atypical hyperplasia cervical tissue and 42 cases with cervical cancer.Results:The relative content of COX-2 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in normal cervical tissue,atypical hyperplasia cervical tissue and cervical cancer was 8.86±19.12,55.76±48.46,132.64±56.99 and 15.23±24.86,57.30±49.40,142.31±59.45 respectively,and the expressions in cervical cancer and atypical hyperplasia cervical tissue were significantly higher than that in normal cervical tissue(P0.01).The relative content of COX-2 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in cervical cancer was greater significantly than that in atypical hyperplasia cervical tissue(P0.01).COX-2 was positively correlated with VEGF.Conclusion:High expressions of COX-2 and VEGF are detected in cervical cancer tissue.It plays an essential role in tumor development and growth.COX-2 may stimulate angiogenesis through VEGF up-regulation.


This communication covers the design and optimization of antennas for RFID tags at UHF and microwave frequencies. Such design will focus on the specific characteristics of RFID applications such as back-scattering mode, variability of substrates and low cost constraints. The introduction includes a short history of RFID development. The second part will address the main characteristics of RFID antennas. The third part introduces the material characterization. Current developments of RFID antennas that meet the objectives of low-cost and size reduction are presented in part four. Design of antennas on plastic substrate using conductive inks will be shown as an example of low-cost approach. Advanced design techniques for size reduction, such as fractal techniques will be introduced and some design examples will be discussed. The fifth part concerns antenna modeling from the system point of view and examples of system simulation of an RFID communication will be shown.


By looking at art by artists who manifest or who self-identify as having psycho-emotional disorders, connections between the artist and the world around them can be uncovered. The definitions of mental health versus mental illness are social and historical constructs. In this paper, the viewer's perception of these artists and their art is contextualized. Current trauma theory refers to art not only as physical manifestations of trauma, but as transmissions of experience that open up spaces for interaction. This framework is applied to the media art of Cathy Sisler and Lindsay Seers who portray experiences of psychological and emotional disturbances. The writings of psychoanalysts, scientists, cognitive scientists, critical and cultural theorists, and art historians are applied to show the obvious and hidden modes through which Sisler and Seers communicate and how they forge empathetic, cognitive and intellectual bridges.


This paper presents the findings of an empirical study among industry stakeholders on the development of the Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) Fashion Industry in the Caribbean region. This industry is one of several creative industries receiving special attention by the T&T government toward the diversification of the local economy and away from dependence on rents earned from the oil and gas industry. Q-Methodology, which forced participants to rank numbered statements relative to one another, according to their level of agreement or disagreement with each, was used. Views expressed varied from Fashion Industry Participants (FIPs) who were traditionalists, arguing for a return of the protectionist policies from the 1980s, to free market advocates. Five (5) archetypes were eventually isolated. These archetypes were termed State Led Industrial Diversification FIPs, Optimistic Traditionalists, Globalisation Attack FIPs, Westernised Red Oceaners and Powerful Global Value Chain FIPs. The limitations of the study lie in the possibility that other views may exist within the environment since the factors defining the archetypes are as valid as the list of statements, called the Q-Sample, which the participants ranked. The archetypes herein defined represent stakeholder viewpoints which should inform policy governing the development of the T&T Fashion Industry. The methods used in defining the archetypes may also be useful in the preliminary stages of exploring other industries for development.


There are now five sterile connectors that have been widely used in bioprocessing. They are designed to make processing easier and reduce potential for products to become contaminated. So how does a biopharmaceutical manufacturer select one over the other? Afew of them have been on the market now for several years. However, others are starting to penetrate the market and they come with various advantages to suit particular applications. This paper summarizes a typical review of features and testing available for selection, along with items to consider for best design and performance, particularly for a single-use system.


We provide a brief overviewo fM inimum Message Length (MML) inductive inference (Wallace and Boulton (1968), Wallace and Freeman (1987)). We then outline howMML is used for statistical parameter estimation, and howt he MML intrinsic classification program, Snob (Wallace and Boulton (1968), Wallace (1986), Wallace (1990)) uses the message lengths from various parameter estimates to enable it to combine parameter estimation with model selection in intrinsic classification. Wem ention here the most recent extensions to Snob, permitting Poisson and von Mises circular distributions. Wea lso survey some applications of Snob (albeit briefly), and further provide some documentation on howt he user can guide Snob'ss earch through various models of the givendata to try to obtain that model whose message length is a minimum.


The haemoglobinopathies have been among the first diseases to be considered for the development of gene therapy protocols. Initial attempts involved the transfer of the β-globin gene into established cell lines and later mouse models of the disease, by means of viral vectors. These attempts were not successful, due to various disadvantages of the vector system used, as well as to the complex regulation of β-globin gene expression. More promising are current attempts that make use of vectors, viral or episomic, that can accommodate large insert DNA, can support long term expression of the transgenes and can transduce human haemopoetic stem cells.


Biomass has the potential to be a useful low-carbon replacement for coal in a number of applications. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) is a pre-treatment technology which has the potential to alleviate many of the drawbacks of replacing coal with biomass, as it improves many of the fuel properties of biomass. This study was conceived as a means to investigate the impact of HTC on the suitability of biomass for this purpose, and to investigate the chemisty of HTC so that the process could be more deeply understood. HTC experiments were performed using a Parr reactor heated by a sand bath, and numerous analytical techniques were used to investigate the composition and properties of the biocoal produced. Major analytical techniques used include thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, gas chromatography, XRF spectrometry, textural analsyis, and NMR. Devolatilisation of samples in a drop tube furnace was also used so that chars generated under high heating rates equivalent to what is seen in pulverised fuel combustion could be investigated.

 The impact of HTC process parameters on the yield and composition of biocoal was investigated, and HTC temperuature was found to have the largest impact. Increasing temperature decreased the yield of HTC, and resulted in a biocoal with a lower moisture and volatile matter content, with a higher fixed carbon content. Temperature also had a significant effect on the energy yield and energy densification of biocoal, with increasing temperature decreasing the yield and increasing the densification. A good compromise was found at a midpoint temperature of 225ᵒC, before the energy yield dropped considerably. Anaerobic digestion was calculated to have significant potenital for increasing the energy yield of HTC, especially when there is sinigicant loss of organic matter to the process liquor. The feedstock was also found to have a significant effect on the outcomes of HTC, primarily linked to the biochemical compostion of the feedstock.

The removal of alkali and alkaline earth metals was found to have a strong impact on the char reactivity of biocoal, with surface area and biocoal composition providing secondary impact. Biocoal produced from soft wood biomass was shown to have a char reactivity similar to that of high-volatile bituminous coal, but HTC of biomass with higher levels of alkali and alkaline earth metals resued in a biocoal with a reactivity lower than that of the feedstock biomass, but higher than that of high-volatile bituminous coal. A coal-equvalent fuel was generated by torrefaction of soft wood biocoal.

The role of water in the aromatisation reactions occuring during HTC in comparison to torrefaction was investigated. Lower levels of aromatisation were seen in HTC than in torrefaction, indicating that the water present in HTC suppresses aromatisation.

HTC was found to have little impact on the yield of activated carbon production, and was found to lower the surface area of activated carbon due to deposition of organic matter in the pores of the feedstock.


This article develops a model that examines the role of cultural conflict in immigration and immigration policy. Cultural differences lead to frictions between natives and immigrants unless the latter make a costly investment to assimilate. This article's key contribution is the joint analysis of the assimilation and migration decisions, which highlights the inefficiency of some commonly advocated policy tools to achieve the first best. U.S. data provide preliminary support for the model's implications.


The space of one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equations with a real-valued periodic potential and periodic boundary conditions is considered. An analytic and topological description of its foliation by hypersurfaces defined by the condition that the th spectral lacuna has fixed length is given. The case when a lacuna degenerates into a point gives the Schwarzian derivative and the Arnold manifold. In the nondegenerate case, the linking number of the loop formed by potentials with shifted argument and an Arnold manifold is calculated. Bibliography: 12 titles.


Several progressive unconformities have been observed along the convergent strike-slip faults on both margins of the Guadalentin tectonic Depression, which generate five main faulted mountain fronts. All these have been active tectonic fronts over the Quaternary period issuing sediments to the alluvial fans located at their toes, generating thick sedimentary wedges. Relationships bet- ween progressive unconformities and both depositional styles and geomorphological patterns of alluvial fans, indicate that depositional style and progressive unconformities are respectivally the morpho-sedimentary and morpho-tectonic responses of fans to the tectonic behaviour of the adyacent active fronts


According to analysis of precipitation-hardening theory on 0Cr17Ni4Cu4N that is a typical precipitation-hardening stainless steel,the paper presents a renovation of heat treatment process of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4N to successfully settle the problem that is no change in mechanical performance of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4N after precipitation aging heat treatment.


Existing algorithms of distribution reduct,maximum distribution reduct and assignment reduct for inconsistent decision tables are inefficient,which are not suitable for large data sets.A measurement of attribute importance based on the relative discernibility degree was presented firstly,which overcomes the shortcoming of positive domain in measuring the importance of attributes.Then,in order to simplify the decision table,some kinds of simplified consistent decision tables were defined.In the end,an efficient attribute reduction algorithm was designed based on the relative discernibility degree.Theoretical analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness and practicalbility of this algorithm on the large inconsistent data sets.


The study was to examine the impact of change of interest rate on banks profitability. Specifically, it sought to identify the relationship between the change of interest rate and banks profitability for the period 2008-2019; and to determine the effect of change of interest rate on banks profitability for the period 2008-2019. The study was an explanatory research design of quantitative approach that extracted data from the Annual Financial Reports of GCB Bank Plc on Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Bank Size of GCB, and the Monetory Interest Rates by the Bank of Ghana from 2008 to 2019. Both descriptive statistics such as freqauencies, means and standard deviation as well as inferencial statistics such as multiple regression were used in the data analysis. Overall, this study concluded that the Change of Interest Rate (CIR) have significant effect on Banks Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), and by extension affective banks profitability. It was established that yearly interest rates of Ghana, as reported by the BoG on monthly basis have seen some fluctuation over the last 12 years. The highest positive change in percentage of 23.21 was recorded in 2015, whereas 2018 recorded the highest negative change of -20.22, and 2012 recorded no change change. Also, there was significant relationships between the Change of Interest Rate (CIR) and Banks Profitability, specifically Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Bank Size.


The solar activity during the Maunder Minimum (MM; 1645 -- 1715) has been considered significantly different from the one captured in modern observations, in terms of sunspot group number and sunspot positions, whereas its actual amplitudes and distributions is still under active discussions. In its core period (1650/1660 -- 1700), Martin Fogelius and Henrich Siverus have formed significant long-term series in the existing databases with numerous spotless days, as the 13th and 7th most active observers before the end of the MM. In this study, we have analysed their original archival records, revised their data, have removed significant contaminations of the apparent "spotless days" in the existing databases, and cast caveats on the potential underestimation of the solar-cycle amplitude in the core MM. Still, they reported at best one sunspot group throughout their observational period and confirm the significant suppressed the solar cycles during the MM, which is also supported from the contemporary observations of Hook and Willoughby. Based on the revised data, we have also derived positions of notable sunspot groups, which Siverus recorded in 1671 (~ N7.5° +/- 2.5°), in comparison with those of Cassini's drawings (~ N10° +/- 1°). Their coincidence in position and chronology in corrected dates indicates these sunspot groups were probably the same recurrent active region (AR) and its significantly long lifespan (>~ 35 days) even during the MM.


We studied the formation of stacking faults in ice along a crystallization trajectory of a system composed of 262,144 water molecules at a temperature of 210K through molecular dynamics simulations with the coarse-grained water model mW[4]. We have an developed efficient method to identify and visualize the development of hexagonal stacking faults in ice. This method can be extended to any other diamond-like crystal, such as silicon and germanium. We find that ice crystal have stacking patten, namely hexagonal layers, single or double, with relative angle between which there exist a predominance of angle 72◦. These stacking faults will cause one single crystal to change orientation during crystallization. The source of this specific relative angle in Ih layers is the internal angle 109◦8′ of tetrahedral structure of Ic. We devised a methodology to identify crystallites with different orientation within a continuous crystal structure. We mapped the relative orientation of the crystallites, according to the perpendicular to their stacking faults(named the c-axis), to determine whether the orientation of the crystallites is randomized along the growth process of the crystal.


The presence of multiple thermally resistive layers in power electronics packages diminishes the enhanced convective benefit of high-performance microchannel cold plates. One improvement reported here is the development of stereolithographically defined aluminum nitride (AlN) microchannel integrated coldplates as substrates for power electronics packages. High-resolution fabrication of green ceramic parts using a standard stereolithography machine has been enabled by the development of photosensitive ceramic materials. Complex microchannel integrated AlN substrates with simplified fluid connections have been produced with 2-3 mm channel height and channel width down to 200 mum. This structure bypasses the majority of the traditional thermal stack, bringing the coolant closer to the heat source. The substrates were packaged and tested with 4 mm Silicon Carbide pin diodes as heat sources at pressure drops from < 1 kPa up to 70 kPa (10 psi) and power levels exceeding 80 W (500 W/cm2). Measured total thermal stack resistivity on best performing devices was about 0.1 K-cm2/W at 70 kPa (-10 psi) and 0.14 K-cm2/W at 5 kPa (-0.7 psi). Paths for further performance improvement, broadening of fabrication possibilities, and transition to real-world systems are briefly discussed.


Type material of two species of Trichocolea from New Caledonia: Trichocolea comptonii Pearson and Trichocolea geniculata Pearson is critically reviewed. On the basis of morphological observations both species are synonymized to Trichocolea pluma (Reinw. et al. ) Mont.


Don DeLillo's first novel, Americana (1971), is assembled from a toolkit of psychological tropes. Critics have long recognized the novel's debts to (and parodies of) Sigmund Freud, leading one critic to dub protagonist David Bell as "the American Oedipus." The present article reconsiders the novel from the perspective of Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theories. Several of Lacan's key concepts—including his seminal articulation of the Mirror Stage, his revisions to Freud's Oedipus Complex, his emphasis on lack as the engine of desire, as well as his reflections on dreams, fantasies, and the gaze—help shed new light on DeLillo's splintered portrait of postmodern subjectivity in Americana . The article uses Lacan to explain how and why each of David Bell's attempts at indulging his incestuous maternal desires ends in disappointment, with particular emphasis on his three failed attempts at restaging the primal scene. Lacanian psychology provides a conceptual framework and useful taxonomy for understanding the shifting desires, misrecognitions, obfuscations, deflections, projections, and self-reflections of the American Narcissus, David Bell.


An extensive body of molecular, biochemical and biophysical evidence has firmly established that members of the transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP) family are AMPA receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary subunits and the dominant modulators of their trafficking and function in the brain. Aside from their role in membrane trafficking and synaptic targeting, TARPs have potent and far-reaching effects on AMPAR gating and pharmacology. TARP family members, such as the canonical TARP γ-2 (or stargazin), have been shown to predominantly display salutary effects on AMPAR function, e.g. by slowing desensitization and deactivation kinetics and increasing mean channel conductance. In addition, TARPs can enhance the affinity of AMPARs to their full agonist glutamate, allow partial agonists (i.e. ones that induce submaximal channel activation at saturating concentrations) to act as full agonists and well-known competitive antagonists to behave as partial agonists (Milstein & Nicoll, 2008). However, in an insightful biophysical study in a recent issue of The Journal of Physiology, MacLean and Bowie demonstrated that the mechanism underlying this last TARP effect may not be as straightforward as initially surmised.

First identified by Honore and colleagues, quinoxalinedione derivatives are widely used as potent competitive antagonists of AMPARs (Honoreet al. 1988) and have proven to be valuable tools for parsing out the functions of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the brain. The most commonly used derivative in this family is 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). However, the use of CNQX in brain slices generates a paradoxical phenomenon, first described by McBain and colleagues (1992), which puzzled investigators for over 15 years. Recording from CA3 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices, they found that bath-application of CNQX, at a concentration known to block excitatory synaptic transmission, dramatically increased the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). The same concentration of CNQX induced inward current (Vrev∼ 0 mV), and robust burst firing in a subpopulation of hippocampal interneurons. The structurally related compound NBQX had no such effects (McBain et al. 1992). This phenomenon was subsequently studied by others but without resulting in any clear mechanistic explanation.

Menuz and colleagues (2007) picked up the trail by showing that the induction of a slow, steady-state inward current by CNQX is a more general property of both interneurons and principal neurons in several brain regions. Furthermore, the fact that the CNQX-induced current was blocked by the highly selective, non-competitive AMPAR antagonist, GYKI 53655, and enhanced by the positive allosteric modulator trichloromethiazide (TCM), suggested that CNQX behaves as a weak partial agonist at AMPARs in native neurons. Importantly, CNQX-evoked AMPAR currents could only be reconstituted in heterologous cells in the presence of a TARP. Structural analysis of CNQX bound to the crystal structure of AMPAR ligand-binding domains suggested that it could induce partial cleft closure, consistent with the notion of partial agonist activity. However, there was no evidence for a resulting separation of the linker domains, suggesting that the modest CNQX-evoked cleft closure would be insufficient to actuate channel opening. Although it was hypothesized that the presence of a TARP would amplify this coupling (Menuz et al. 2007), validation of this idea awaits the crystal structure of an AMPAR–TARP complex. Nevertheless, as neuronal AMPARs are TARP-associated, these findings present a satisfactory molecular explanation for the puzzling phenomena observed in brain slices. Furthermore, TARP-dependent partial agonist activity of CNQX was thought to explain the substantially lowered potency of CNQX antagonism of glutamate-evoked currents from TARP–AMPAR complexes observed by others (Cokic & Stein, 2008; Kott et al. 2009).

This mechanism, however, may not adequately explain the effects of CNQX on AMPAR gating in the presence of TARPs, as such effects had been observed under steady-state or equilibrium conditions. In a series of elegant and penetrating biophysical experiments, MacLean and Bowie (2011) addressed this question using ultra-fast agonist application. This approach permits the study of channel gating under non-equilibrium conditions – arguably more pertinent to the function of AMPARs at excitatory synapses. The authors first showed that CNQX blocks glutamate-evoked AMPAR currents with a substantially higher affinity under non-equilibrium conditions (within the first ∼1 ms of activation) than equilibrium conditions. This led them to re-evaluate the role of TARPs (using stargazin) in modulating the blocking affinity of CNQX. In contrast to experiments performed under equilibrium conditions, they found that the presence of stargazin only modestly diminished the affinity of CNQX block of glutamate-evoked currents. They then asked whether the partial agonist activity of CNQX could account for the significant TARP-dependent decrease in CNQX blocking affinity observed under equilibrium conditions. In other words, is the dose-dependent block of glutamate-evoked AMPAR current by CNQX significantly offset by its activation through partial agonist activity? Interestingly, despite the fact that CNQX gave rise to only small-amplitude currents from AMPAR–stargazin complexes, they were found to undergo rapid desensitization – a characteristic not shared with other partial agonists like kainate. Nevertheless, the modest partial agonist activity of CNQX was found to be insufficient to account for its dramatically diminished blocking affinity in the presence of TARPs, observed under equilibrium conditions. Finally, using kinetic simulations that broadly reproduce TARP effects on AMPAR gating and kinetics, they were able to show that the rightward shift in CNQX blocking affinity by TARPs is better explained as a secondary effect of a leftward shift in glutamate affinity. Overall, this report from MacLean and Bowie offers new and valuable insights into AMPAR pharmacology and makes testable predictions about the way in which TARP auxiliary subunits might modulate AMPAR function on a structural level.


In 1598 the physician, engraver, and Fellow of New College, Richard Haydocke, dedicated his translation of Lomazzo's Trattato dell'arte de la pittura the first treatise on the pictorial arts published in English to Sir Thomas Bodley. The comparative neglect of the early Bodleian by historians of science derives largely from the university's reputation in its early years for scientific conservatism. The Register records, in chronological order, the names of donors and their gifts, whether cash to buy books, books themselves, or other items, such as mathematical instruments. George Carey, second Baron Hunsdon and patron of Shakespeare's theatrical troupe, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, gave a small but choice collection of scientific books, some thirty titles in all, as part of his 224-title donation to the Bodleian in 1600. The first donation of instruments to the Bodleian Library came in 1601, from Thomas Bodley's brother, Sir Josias Bodley. Keywords: Baron Hunsdon; Bodleian Library; George Carey; scientific books


Disaster brings huge damage and grief to people's work and life.Because of differences between men and women in physiology,psychology and social gender,disaster gives different influences to them.Facing death,women suffer more than men.Disaster assistance is a component of social work,so social workers should have gender awareness.And social gender's influence on male and female and women's requirements in pre-disaster preparation,disaster assistance and construction after disaster should be taken into consideration.We should endow rights with women and advocate social gender mainstreaming to promote the construction of gender harmony.


We are indebted to the members of the medical and surgical staff of St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto, for allowing us to treat their patients and to the members of the laboratory of St. Joseph's Hospital for their patience and assistance. The patients were all cared for by the nursing staff of the Intensive Care Unit and we are greatly indebted to them as well. We are particularly grateful to Dr. C. E. Knowlton, Chief of Staff of St. Joseph's Hospital, for his continual encouragement and stimulation.


The author discusses a potential method for commercial production of GaN substrates, developed by a UK company, NanoGaN. Their nanocolumn growth technique is used to grow high-quality nanosized gallium nitride wafers on sapphire substrate. This method is based on the vapour deposition of GaN thin film on substrate, forming an array of nanometer-size holes in the surface of gallium, then producing gallium nitride layer by layer. The described approach can produce high quality GaN crystals with very few defects.


10 minutes communication before class is an effective supplement in secondary vocational English teaching,the teacher through many forms of oral English training to help can help students fast blend into the classroom,and get a better understanding to the class content,it can also let the students change from the "learn to" to "able to learn",from the pure imitate to various innovation,from the passive learning to active learning.So as to achieve the goal of training students' English thinking style as well as establish a harmonious relation between the teachers and the students.


In the theoretical frame by Frey Dupper,combined with our school social work practice in S middle school in Beijing,and setting"Troubled student"as the target group,this thesis presents a series of operational strategy of school social work,as well as the challenges of it. In respond to the school problems,which is from the intervention of "troubled students" to promote the school social work,it can expand the opportunity of school social work in mainland as well as explore the practice of education reform measures.


Ramin's growth and development is very slowly and have many inhibited factore, there are seed specific character with hard coating, too difficult for vegetative propagation, and limited abundant because seedling is very depend to sustainable nature, so there are caused how ramin is rare now. Ramin propagation have done in Sebangau National Park in 2010 with 5 ha wide area of Genepoolin two areas, 3ha area inSungai Koran and 2 ha in Stasiun Riset Lapangan (SSI). In Genepool area development hasn't have database for growth and development of ramin.This research aim are to monitoring and evaluation growth endurance and to know how about ramin to decreasing in Genepool area.
The parameter of this research is growth endurance, high, diameter and laef growth of Ramin seedling, pest and diseases. Growth endurance percentase for 5 year of growth is 60,70%, average of high 1,42 m, average of diameter 1,69 cm, average of leaf growth 17,61 helai, existence of pest and diseases is insecta attack and human activity. Need a socialiszationabout Genepool existence for minimizing ramin damaged caused human activities.


Symbian OS is a mobile phone OS. This article presents the use of a CArray... class to maintain a sorted list of structure representing the high score table of a game of Symbian OS.


The objective of our study was to compare recent secular trends in the morbidity and mortality rates of thyroid cancer among the children and adult populations of West Pomeranian and Pomeranian Voivodeships in 2000 and 2016. The number of thyroid cancer cases and incidence rates were retrieved from the Regional Cancer Registries for the period 2000-2016. The number of deaths and mortality rates was obtained from the cancer mortality database (2000 and 2016 by regions). The increase in the incidence rates among the female population in the Pomeranian Voivodeship was observed (from 11.31 in 2000 to 32.04 per 100,000 persons in 2016). Among the child population, the incidence has increased slightly among girls. The adult mortality rate remained unchanged during the study period and was not recorded among other populations. The highest incidence in West Pomeranian Voivodeship is observed among women in 2016 and stands at 22.46 per 100,000 population. Mortality increased slightly during the study period among the female population. The relative risk of thyroid cancer mortality was increased among the adult population of West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Therefore, both thyroid cancer morbidity and mortality are occurring mainly at the expense of the female population. These trends, combined with overall high mortality and high 15-year increase of morbidity, raise concerns on the extent to which the situation may be taking place.


Publication bias occurs when studies with statistically significant results and large effects are more likely to be published than similarly rigorous studies with null and mixed findings. Results-blind peer review requires peer reviewers to consider only the "Introduction" and "Method" sections of submitted manuscripts prior to making editorial recommendations. This process ensures recommendations for publication focus on methodological rigor and not the direction, significance, or magnitude of the reported effects. The current investigation experimentally tested whether reviewers' editorial recommendations and perceptions of manuscript importance, quality, and rigor varied as a function of type of review (i.e., results-blind or results-included) among 44 reviewers. Results indicated reviewer recommendations did not vary as a function of review type. However, reviewers found results-blind manuscripts less rigorous than results-included and reported less confidence in their recommendations on result-blinded manuscripts. Descriptive findings of results-blind reviewing were mixed with some support for the method, but a lack of confidence in its overall effectiveness. We discuss findings in relation to the conceptual benefits of results-blind reviewing and the increased focus on open and transparent science within special education and preview the papers included in the special section.


Gunung Palung National Park (1,080 km2, 1°3' – 1°22' S, 109°54' – 110°28' E) was first protected in 1937 and is now one of the largest remaining primary lowland mixed dipterocarp forests on Borneo. To help inform conservation efforts, we measured forest cover change in the protected area using 11 multi-temporal Landsat series images with path/row 121/61. Annual deforestation rates have declined since measurement began in 1989, to around 68 hectares per year in 2011 and 112 hectares per year in 2017. Halting deforestation in this protected area requires to tackle its underlying economic and social causes, and find ways for communities to meet their needs without resorting to forest clearing. Community empowerment, forest rehabilitation, and health care incentives as payment for ecosystem services can help reduce deforestation in Gunung Palung National Park. This becomes a positive trend which we must continue to always work in forest conservation. Future forest monitoring will be dependency with remote sensing analysis and open source remote sensing data such as Landsat and Sentinel data remain an important data source for historical forest change monitoring.


What was the impact of revolutionary change on the distribution of political power and the access to political power? In which ways and to what extend social, cultural, and regional cleavages structured the process of party formation in the French Na tional Assembly? Can the conflict between right wing and left-wing representatives be described as a conflict between an established power-elite and a revolutionary counter-elite? These questions are to be settled by an analysis of biographical and roll-call data of the 910 representatives of the French National Assembly in 1848/49.


The invention discloses a high-performance wave spring. The wave spring comprises a circular spring body; the spring body adopts an open loop structural design, and is alternatively provided with crest and trough structures with the same specifications; and the outer edges of the crest and trough structures are plane structures. The high-performance wave spring, provided by the invention, is reasonable in structural design, simple in preparation process and proper in cost; the outer edges of the crest and the trough structures on the spring body adopt the plane structures; and the structures can effectively improve the stability of the wave spring in the mounting and use process, so that the nonuniform stress phenomenon is improved, and the service life of the wave spring is prolonged to a certain extent.


Studies of the impacts of gentrification have traditionally taken a relatively narrow view, focusing on the gentrifiers who move in and those who they displace. This paper seeks to apply the broader framework of residential mobility, using the vacancy chain concept to examine the knock-on implications across the entire housing market. Taking the case study of Stockholm, it is shown that tenure conversions from rental to co-operative ownership are of limited direct significance for gentrification. However, the indirect effects of this process, through the linked chains of household moves initiated, serve to reinforce other gentrification mechanisms operating within the rental sector, such as allocation mechanisms for rental housing. Therefore, the impacts of gentrification can be significantly underestimated if the wider effects on the housing market are ignored. It is suggested that this residential mobility approach is particularly important if the displacement effects of gentrification and the plight of any losers are to be fully appreciated.


This work has been performed in the framework of tasks of a research project funded by the state budget by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (GP-500), and is also consistent with the "Dnipropetrovsk Regional Complex Program (Strategy) on Environmental Safety and Prevention of Climate Change for 2016 – 2025".


Based on the influential factors of the garden's health effect and the factors that influenced intelligence deterioration of the old man,the principles and the points as how to set up the intelligence-cultivation garden for the old people were proposed.


The dispersion of soilborne plant pathogens could be greater in closed soilless growing systems than in open ones .The effect of three soilless growing systems (open, closed and closed with slow sand filtration) on the dispersion of Verticilli um dahliae propagules and the severity of the disease in strawberry (Fragaria ◊ ananassa Duch.) has been analysed . V. dahliae dispersion in a closed system with slow sand filtration was studied by measuring propagules in the recirculating nutrient solution and in the growth medium . The growth medium used was coconut fiber . V. dahliae propagules were not removed by slow sand filtration . In the first crop cycle , an increase in the severity of Verticillium wilt was detected in the closed soilless growing system with slow sand filtration in comparison with the other two systems. This increase may be due to the non-elimination of V. dahliae propagules by filtration and to the lower microbial biomass in the filtered solution storage tank than in the drained solution storage tank.The decline in microbial biomass by filtration may improve the via bility of the dispersed conidia, thus increasing the severity of the disease. This decline in microbial biomass by filtration may be compensated in the second crop cycle by the root debris from the first crop cycle. This debris may have provided nutrient sources to the microbes and increased the associated microbial biomass .


The endogenous stores of norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rabbit brainstem have been manipulated through the use of α-methyl- m -tyrosine, reserpine and pargyline. The changes in amine levels were estimated by fluorometric assay. The rabbits' core temperatures were monitored during drug treatment and it was found that increases in temperature were correlated with increases in 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine while norepinephrine was implicated as an antagonist of temperature increases. Feldberg and Meyers have proposed that temperature regulation results from a balance between the hyperthermic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and the hypothermic effects of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus. The experiments reported here support this hypothesis.


It has been established that granulated preparations from a chloroform synthesis by product with an acid, neutral, and alkaline pH containing sodium formate have antiseptic, wetting, and leather forming properties and should be used in fur and hide dressing processes.


AbstractEight years of daily, experimental, deterministic, convection-allowing model (CAM) forecasts, produced by the National Severe Storms Laboratory, were evaluated to assess their ability at pr...


Hard chromium plating is usually applied to the surface of the rolls to produce plastic sheets where erosion-resistance is required. This method, however, also requires waste liquid treatment to avoid environmental problems that may occur. The authors assessed applicability of HVOF thermal spraying method using various types of erosion-resistant materials to replace hard chromium plating. Hardness, erosion-resistance, adhesion strength, corrosion resistance and the removability of plastic sheets from the rolls were investigated, and it was recognized that the method with WC-12%Co type coating was optimum for long life of the rolls.


Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) were prepared from a coal tar pitch without or with flake like graphite at 410?℃ for 7?h. The as received MCMBs were named MCB1 and MCB2 respectively and the MCB2 was divided into MCB2L and MCB2S according to the size of the flakes of graphite added. The surface and cross section of MCMBs were studied using SEM and the microtexture was analyzed by XRD. The surface of the MCMBs was rough with some particles attached and the beads are almost round. The microtexture of MCB1 (without graphite) was mainly of the parallel layer type, whereas the microtexture of MCB2 (with graphite) was complex. The large flakes of graphite added in the coal tar pitch were regarded as the centers of nucleation of MCMBs, resulting in hamburger type MCMBs (MCB2L), but the small ones could not act in this way in the reaction system, resulting in a distorted microtexture (MCB2S). It was proposed that when the nucleation occurred the large graphite flakes accumulated to form seed crystals in which the pitch components with low molecular weight were enwrapped and the shape and size of the flakes and their aggregations decided the microtexure of MCMBs, while the small graphite flakes served only to disorder the microtexture. The XRD spectra show that the addition of graphite decreased the graphitization degree and crystal sizes.


The powerful spectral densities of the phase, intensity, and electron density noise derived in a previous paper are used to calculate the linewidth broadening of an optical carrier as it propagates through a traveling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier. It is found that the amount of broadening is dependent upon the input linewidth as well as amplifier parameters. The effect of saturation due to high input power is considered, as well as the operational regime where intensity, rather than phase, noise determines the amplifier output line shape. An example system calculation is used to demonstrate the impact of amplifier line broadening on system design. >


New paradigms for human health risk assessment of environmental chemicals emphasize the use of molecular methods and human‐derived cell lines. In this study, we examined the effects of the insect repellent DEET (N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide) and the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil (fluocyanobenpyrazole) on transcript levels in primary human hepatocytes. These chemicals were tested individually and as a mixture. RNA‐Seq showed that 100 μM DEET significantly increased transcript levels (α = 0.05) for 108 genes and lowered transcript levels for 64 genes and fipronil at 10 μM increased the levels of 2246 transcripts and decreased the levels for 1428 transcripts. Fipronil was 21‐times more effective than DEET in eliciting changes, even though the treatment concentration was 10‐fold lower for fipronil versus DEET. The mixture of DEET and fipronil produced a more than additive effect (levels increased for 3017 transcripts and decreased for 2087 transcripts). The transcripts affected for all chemical treatments were classified by GO analysis and mapped to chromosomes. The overall treatment responses, specific pathways, and individual transcripts affected were discussed at different levels of fold‐change. Changes found in transcript levels in response to treatments will require further research to understand their importance in overall cellular, organ, and organismic function.


Islam is not just for a particular group, but for all mankind, regardless of rank or position. However, it is clear that Muslims do not have the same intelligence and ability to comprehend the laws derived from the Quran and the Sunnah, nor do they have different educational backgrounds. Therefore, those who do not have the expertise, requirements and ability to perform ijtihat have no choice but to practice Taqlid or follow mujtahid imam which is believed to be true. A person unfamiliar with the understanding of the Quran and Sunnah cannot be compelled to research the laws and regulations of Islam directly from these two sources. Taqlid is not bad for them and can even save them from mistakes and misunderstandings in the implementation and practice of Islam his Shariah. Mujtahid Imams Taqlid does not mean leaving the Quran and Sunnah. But these are precisely the Taqlid who carry out and follow the Qur'an and Sunnah as closely as possible for those who do not know how to dig up the Dharma from these two sources. Religious education in the field of fik is inseparable from following the madahabs and fatwas of the Mujtahid clerics. Both in worship, muamalah, ahwalus syahsiah, muamalat. Maliyat and Jinayat, judicial and international law fields. In this way, Islamic education in Indonesia is generally dominated by Shafi sect thought.


Embarking on and sustaining of new educational strategies is a challenge for all educational institution, Of the thirteen established medical schools in Malaysia (1962-2004), only Universiti Sains Malaysia, International Medical University and Universiti Malaysia Sarawak adopted problem-based learning (PBL) as their curricular philosophy, from the start. The other ten schools have either introduced or are contemplating introducing elements of PBL into their curricula. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia attempted changing from a traditional to a PBL curriculum in the early 90's. However with a broad lack of enthusiasm for the approach, high retention of didactic teaching and the departure of key staff members there was a gradual drift back to the old traditional approach. Universiti Malaya, which has introduced elements of PBL into its synchronised organ system-based curriculum in 1999, is still working towards a more PBL-oriented curriculum. Universiti Putra Malaysia and International Islamic University Malaysia are attempting to introduce elements of PBL into their medical curricula. Three schools with pre-clinical programmes outside Malaysia (Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Perak College of Medicine and Penang Medical College) and two new medical schools (Universiti Malaysia Sabah and the Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology) have not yet introduced PBL. Universiti Teknologi MARA, established in 2003, has implemented elements of PBL in its curriculum. The variants of PBL curriculum that will eventually emerge in the various medical schools in Malaysia will largely depend on the readiness of faculty to shift from the role of "instructor of knowledge" to "facilitator of learning" and to accept "central" rather than "departmental" control of the curriculum.


This year, I've had the good fortune to be awarded a Woolf Fisher Fellowship, which enabled me, in May, to spend three weeks in a variety of schools in Victoria and New South Wales. My goal, or focus, was to enlarge my thinking and understanding of the teaching of both curricula and co-curricula creative writing in schools. The trip succeeded beyond my expectations in meeting this goal, and provided unexpected insights into broader aspects of English teaching as well. To use the kaupapa for this edition of English in Aoteoroa, it has certainly shifted my thinking 'above and beyond' my own classroom and department.


The fauna of Odonata from Baiyang Lake, Xiong' an New Area, China is studied based on our field collection during May to October in 2018. As a result, 18 species are recognized, which belongs to 16 genera of 6 families. A key to all the species is provided.


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Abortion is a complex issue. On the one hand, abortion is an illegal act according to positive law and is prohibited by religion in Indonesia. On the other hand, abortion is a shortcut to solving unwanted pregnancies by married and unmarried couples. This study aims to see how the media frames news about illegal abortion, how positive law regulates this act and what the triggers doing illegal abortion. This research is qualitative research with a content analysis approach. The results of the study show that the media tends to be neutral by not taking sides between the perpetrators and the victims. This research also reveals the fact that the high demand of the Indonesian people for an illegal abortion service is at least triggered by two things, the legal system, and social norms applied in Indonesia. The legal system prohibiting abortion in Indonesia is incapable to prevent and provide a deterrent effect against perpetrators of abortion criminalization. In addition, Indonesian society's system of social norms is very sensitive to immoral cases, such as pregnancy out of wedlock. As a result, many pregnant women who are out of wedlock choose to hide their pregnancies and then secretly carry out illegal abortions.


Under conditions of unilateral occlusion of the ureter, the development of microhemodynamic disorders of the cortical substance of the kidneys was studied both on the damage side and on the contralateral (opposite) side. It has been established that disorders on the side of occlusion depend on the duration of obstruction of the lumen of the ureter, which determines the development of tissue hypoxia and violates trophic renal parenchyma. Dynamically functional disorders of the microvasculature occur at the early (on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day), and irreversible changes in the renal parenchyma at the later (on the 14th and 30th day) stages of the experiment. The contralateral one responds to turning off the function of one kidney by adaptive restructuring of the microhemocirculatory system, which is manifested by dilatation of microvessels and an increase in the linear velocity of blood flow in them, which ensures its hyperfunction.


More than 2100 microearthquakes were recorded and crudely located by using data from portable seismographs operated in Iceland during the summer of 1968. Another 600 events were located more precisely in three areas by using data from tripartite arrays. The earth quakes recorded are largely confined to 13 regions that are generally less than 100 km" in area. Most of the well-located events are at depths of 2 to 6 km but some less well located events may be as deep as 13 km. The microearthquakes are largely confined to the upper few kilometers of the oceanic layer, or layer 3 (Vp ::::: 6.5 km/sec in Iceland). Geothermal areas in Iceland that are structurally related to a large number of faults and fissures generally have high microearthquake activity. Geothermal areas that have few fissures and appear to be structurally related to acidic intrusions contain little or no microearthquake activity. The distribution of zones of micro earthquake activity generally supports the hypothesis of a transform fault in southern Iceland. It appears that the stress along this fault is being relieved in geothermal areas by numerous micro earthquake swarms occurring more or less con tinuously. Outside the geothermal areas, mainshock-aftershock sequences seem to be the dominant mode of stress release. The swarms can be attributed to weakening of the crust by fluids or fluid pressure. During the summers of 1967 and 1968, surveys of microearthquake activity were conducted for the first time and largely on a reconnaisance basis throughout a substantial part of Iceland. Results from the field program of 1967 are presented by Ward et al. [1969]. This paper presents information gathered in 1968 and an analysis of microearthquake phenomena during both years. Microearthquakes discussed here are earth quakes as small as magnitude -1. Up to 100,000 microearthquakes might occur in an area where only one event of magnitude greater than or equal to 4 is located during the same


A complete finite "algebraic" specification for a version of traversable stack with fewer error conditions is presented. This is used to illustrate some issues concerning formal specification of data types, namely naturalness and clarity. Uncontrolled errors are considered harmful and canonical-term specifications are considered helpful.


Loneliness among older adults has emerged as a specific social phenomenon relatively recently – in developed countries just a few decades ago. In Russia, due to its initially strong family-oriented culture, this problem presented itself even later, following the collapse of Soviet society. This article analyses probable social policy adjustments aimed at reducing the negative impact of loneliness on the older generation. We address the issue of loneliness


The present study describes, first, an efficient algorithm for computing solutions in terms of capillary–gravity solitary waves of the irrotational Euler equations with a free surface and, second, provides numerical evidences of the existence of an infinite number of generalised solitary waves (solitary waves with undamped oscillatory wings). Using conformal mapping, the unknown fluid domain, which is to be determined, is mapped into a uniform strip of the complex plane. In the transformed domain, a Babenko-like equation is then derived and solved numerically.


The issue of inclusion of all students within the education system in New Zealand has long been the subject of fierce debate. Most recently, this debate has revolved around the Ministry of Education's Special Education 2000 policy. This paper will construct a critical analysis of the evolution of the inclusion movement from an education perspective. It will analyse the impact of three paradigms of disability on the development of inclusion medical, social/ rights and organisational reform. It will compare and contrast pivotal pieces of legislation that have impacted on inclusion in New Zealand, Australia and the United States and discuss, in more detail, the Special Education 2000 policy, recently introduced in New Zealand. Inclusion what is it? "Everyone knows what it is really in their hearts" (Pearpoint & Forest, 1995, p.1). It is belonging, being a part of, participation and it is based on the belief that all people are valuable (Wills, 1998); that "we are all 'one' even though we are not the 'same' " (Abu-Tahir, 1995, p.1). Society has a "history of oppression of devalued people" those that differ from a perceived norm (Hall, 1997, p.91), that led to marginalisation and exclusion from society into segregated institutions. Söder (1997) writes that "integration grew out of criticism of traditional institutions" (p.14) and that a school is but "an institution within society" (p.29). The inclusive education movement evolved from the work of individuals and groups who were committed to issues of social justice and equity (Ballard, 1995; Dyson, in Dyson, Bailey, O'Brien, Rice & Zigmond, 1998; Munro, 1987). It arose as a natural consequence of the social and educational changes that have occurred since Western societies deemed it necessary to segregate and exclude those that are different. Perspectives of disability and inclusion in education Many indigenous cultures have holistic views on life and living, which are embodied in the purposes for which they use education. A central concept for Native Americans is that education fosters a child's 'Circle of Courage', whose four dimensions are 1 Söder uses integration in this passage to stand for inclusion, choice and participation (p.14). 25 Trembath ACE Papers belonging, mastery, independence and generosity, to raise their self-esteem so they become members of the group (Udvari-Solner & Thousand, 1995). Maori traditional knowledge came in three forms everyday knowledge learned through observation, practice and guidance; knowledge necessary for the survival of the group (iwi and hapu); and, specialised knowledge bestowed by knowing elders on special people (C. McMurchy-Pilkington, personal communication, 17/9/98). All members of the community were seen to have a role to play in the survival of the group and education occurred when a person showed they were ready for more knowledge. Inclusion was normal and "interdependence and independence were a way of life and roles were valued" (Kana, 1995, p.49). Harawira reflects that "in those earlier days they [people later placed in institutions] were leading normal lives and having roles that seemed to fulfil a need" (in Kana, 1995, p.45). In both cultures, each child was viewed as a person of value and their individual skills and abilities were fostered by their community to fill a need of the community. The Western view is in direct contrast to this collective responsibility and holistic thinking. In Europe prior to the 19 century, people with disabilities were considered the responsibility of their family or of charity. Organisational 'helping' was set up through the church, within formal frameworks and endowed by the wealthy. With the Reformation, came a hardening of attitude toward disability and the increasing confinement of the disabled in infirmaries and 'leper colonies' contributing to the social view of disability as a disease. With the enactment of the Poor Law (1834) and the subsequent establishment of the parish workhouses, the Lunacy Act (1845) and its consequence, the asylum, all people who were socially devalued were segregated from society (Cocks & Stehlik, 1996). However, in colonial countries like New Zealand, Australia and the United States, which were settled largely by middle and working class families, there was not enough wealth to repeat this pattern. The social policy of the time reflected the thinking of those that had left the "poor law and workhouse ethos of the old country" (Mitchell, 1987), and passed the responsibility for care of neglected children to the state. In New Zealand the first law in this area was enacted in 1867 with the Neglected and Criminal Children's Act. This saw the establishment of industrial schools for children under 15 year of age, who were trained in handicrafts, seamanship, domestic service and other subjects so they could lead useful lives in the colony (Mitchell, 1987). This signaled the start of a separate special education system in New Zealand whose primary aim was to make people useful. There have been a variety of factors that have impacted on special education since then. Mitchell (1987) discusses the impact of the legislation and practice from other countries, in particular the USA and UK, and ACE Papers Trembath 26 the input that overseas experts have had on the development of services for people with disabilities. He points out that the social changes brought about by the increasing "industrialisation, urbanisation, specialisation and bureaucratisation of society" (p.30) along with changes in the social perception of the family, national and international economic factors and events, like wars and depressions, also influenced the path of special education in New Zealand. The Education Act (1877) established free, compulsory and secular education in New Zealand and this eventually enabled the establishment of separate schools, classes, camps and residential facilities for students with disabilities (Wills, 1998). Beeby (1986) notes that, at this time, the New Zealand government did not have "the means or the desire to offer more than the rudiments of education to the mass of the people" (p.53). He identifies the purpose of education at that time as being the 'survival of the fittest' where selection of the fittest was by examination. This purpose is still present in the current education system in New Zealand, exemplified by School Certificate and other national examinations. Failure was then, and still is, the inevitable consequence for many people. It was not until the 1920s that this view was challenged by educational pioneers, like James Shelley, who believed in the unique worth of the individual child (Beeby, 1986). It took the Depression, and a new government in 1935, to dramatically alter education in New Zealand. Fraser, the new Education Minister, expressed a new purpose for education: that every child whatever his level of ability, whether he be rich or poor, whether he live in town or country, [h]as [sic] a right, as a citizen, to a free education of the kind for which he is best fitted and to the fullest extent of his powers (cited in Beeby, 1986). Beeby paraphrases this purpose as 'equality of opportunity' and notes that this statement finally made the individual child the centre of government policy on education. Renwick (1997) writes that Fraser was an advocate of all children. However it is telling that, in his critical review of Fraser's policies on education, there is no mention of special education at all. In the reforms of education over the following 25 years, Beeby himself, as Director of Education, would continue to make special provision for disadvantaged students (Beeby, 1986). The Education Act (1964) however, still excluded many children with special needs from schooling, as Beeby's 'disadvantaged' students were those with only mild impairments. It is important to remember that internationally most education systems were similar to New Zealand's "highly differentiated in terms of the educational opportunities which 27 Trembath ACE Papers they offered to children from different socio-economic backgrounds and with different levels of perceived ability" (Dyson, in Dyson et al., 1998, p. 4). There is, therefore, an argument that children with disabilities were treated no differently than other groups of disadvantaged children, like the poor and Maori, during this period. Special education in New Zealand relied increasingly on the work of medical and technical experts whose "ideas were shaped by notions of disability as a pathology" (Ballard, 1998, p.2). Students with disabilities were seen to have a medical problem and would be labelled by the part that was broken (Hall, 1997). Doctors tried to fix the broken 'bits' and it was left to the special education services to work with the "bits that worked" (Hall, 1997, p.74). Oliver (1996) states that this medical model is more properly called an individual model that includes medical and psychological components. It locates the problem within the individual and is underpinned by "the personal tragedy theory of disability .... from losses which are assumed to arise from disability" (pp.31 32). Under this model doctors are accorded power and control by society in their role as experts, and they try, at whatever cost, to restore the person to normality. This "ideology of normality" (p.36) has had far-reaching effects on the treatment of people with disabilities. Ballard contends that an exclusive system of education is maintained when concepts and experts from the medical field "locate learning and other difficulties within the individual student" (1995, p.2). Because of medical thinking, many students with disabilities were removed from regular schools "for 'care and protection' in segregated institutions" (Munford & Sullivan, 1997, p.18). The education service would therefore develop "within the medical model paradigm ... a 'therapeutic' rather than an 'educational' curriculum" (Hall, 1997,


This paper focuses on American PJM electricity market,Texas electricity market and Nordic electricity market.It analyzes the transaction subject,transaction type,information disclosure and market mechanism of American bilateral electricity market.This paper emphasizes on the market mechanism in bilateral electricity market of PJM and Texas.On this basis,this paper extracts the bilateral electricity market construction experience of foreign country to provide practical basis for the bilateral electricity market construction of China.


Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the changing number of physical therapy sessions on the functionality level of the in patients with Bell Palsy.
Method: In this retrospective study, the data of patients who were diagnosed with Bell's Palsy (BP) and applied a physical therapy program consisting of electrotherapy, infrared and mimic exercises were examined. The data of 21 patients who were rehabilitated with the diagnosis of BP and received 15 sessions of treatment and 21 patients who received 30 sessions of treatment were analyzed. Age, gender and comorbidities of the patients were recorded. Functionality of the patients was evaluated with Facial Disability Index (FDI), House Brackmann System (HBS) and Sunny Brook Grading System (SBGS) before and after treatment.
Results: In all intragroup clinical and functionality evaluations of the patients, significant improvement was observed in both groups both after 15 sessions and after 30 sessions (p


Objective
To investigate the effect of 3S jejunal interposition anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction after radical resection for early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Methods
One hundred and eighteen patients of early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who were planned to receive radical proximal gastrectomy from February 2011 to August 2015 were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into two groups by table of random number, including observation group (3S jejunal interposition) and control group (esophageal remnant gastric posterior wall anastomosis), with 59 patients in each group. Postoperative complications, operative time, nutritional parameters and postoperative quality of life were compared between two groups.

Results
The operation time in observation group was (152.3 ± 13.1) min, in control group was (146.0 ± 12.5) min, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The rate of complication in observation group was 8.5%(5/59), in control group was 13.6%(8/59), and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The levels of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, and Vitamin B12 6, 12, and 18 months after operation in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The rate of reflux esophagitis 6, 12 and 18 months after operation in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The gastric emptying time 6, 12 and 18 months after operation in observation group was significantly prolonged, compared with that in control group (P<0.05). The scores of whole quality of life, emotional function, body function, pain, tired, appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and constipation 6 and 18 months after operation in observation group were significantly better than those in control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The 3S jejunal interposition anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction after radical resection for early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is a better method. The effect of antirelux is better and can improve the nutriture and quality of live for long time.

Key words:
Esophagogastric junction; Adenocarcinoma; Gastrectomy; Jejunum


In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress by influenced of unconventional water at five levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Ds/m) on some morphological parameters and Ajmalicine alkaloid content in two cultivars of Catharanthus roseus Don. (Rosea and Alba) was conducted an experiment as factorial arrangement in completely randomized design with 6 replications in Abadan city, Khuzestan, Iran in the years 2011-2012. Results showed shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots decreased under salinity conditions. Ajmalicine alkaloid content increased under salinity conditions and Alba cultivar produced an amount less than Rosea. Highest fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots were belonged to Alba and lowest Length of shoot and root to Rosea.