Water pollution is a thing that can affect the environment, especially on health and hygiene environment around. Sub Keluang Regency Musi Betung South Sumatra known to have oil drilling wells of the Earth where illegal do not fit a common standardization is done, so worried about polluted areas the surroundings. This research aims to study and know the impact of environmental pollution due to the illegal drilling by local people, as well as provide information research results to the Government and the police to cooperate in enforcing laws that have set. To find out which level contamination using a research method that is mapping rivers and wells include deskipsi the physical characteristics, such as water color, flavor, odor, retrieval example of a sample for the analysis of physical-chemical content of the water, and the projection of the level of public health. The result of the physical identification of the water as much as 8 samples were declared contaminated. Sampling see the provisions on physical changes on either the river or the well, the results of the analysis of physical-chemical water, found many chemical compounds which exceed standard pH obtained ranged from 6.25- 8.16 and types of groundwater salt (31-464 mg/L TDS), increase the value of pH and TDS is assumed to be due to saltwater waste results from drilling for petroleum is illegal, and the presence of chemical compounds, either the main or excessive accessories in water then it can affect health, which that is evidenced by the results of the projection of the level of public health from the years 2016 to now that continues to decline. referring to the decision of the Minister of State for the environment number: 115 the year 2003 on guidelines for the determination of the Status of Water quality by the State Minister for the environment using STORET method with a score of 16 (polluted medium).


Currently, power management methods for embedded system are mainly implementations of DPM or DVS using workload-prediction techniques. A problem for this approach is that they are all purely hardware-oriented, regardless of factors such as software design and user's demands, which actually drive the hardware to generate power consumption. In this paper, we propose a low power optimizing mechanism to reduce the power consumption of embedded systems using Task Decomposition on software and FSM (Finite-State Machine) on device driver. Also, we present a novel power management strategy called User-Configured Threshold Timeout/Sleep Strategy, in which power management strategy is dynamically adjusted in accordance with the actual needs of users. After simulations on S3C6410 embedded systems, we find that our proposed mechanism can reduce by up to 70.6% of the power consumption, with an average of 58.5%.


Airlines are the least protable node in the aviation value chain, well behind global distribution systems, travel agencies, MRO rms, and ground handlers. Historically, airline companies have been early adopters of technology and they are now striving to modernize their legacy processes and systems. Digital technologies have been at the forefront of the transformational shift to customer-centric service delivery, and simplied and efcient operations. Going forward, the intersection of digital technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) will open up bigger and more profound transformation opportunities for airlines. WHITE PAPER Travel, Transportation, and Hospitality


The article presents and analyzes the level of development of the actions and deliberations of the State Teaching Systems in the North Region from the occurrence of the first case of contamination by COVID-19 in Brazil, revealing potentialities, trends and gaps. It uses documentary analysis from three categories: suspension of classes, deliberations regarding the possibilities of remote teaching and destination of school meals. It was identified that the deliberations have been provisional and indicate a predominant tendency to use distance-learning mechanisms although there are few conditions for access and learning from the solutions presented.


PROFESSOR PAREDES is Associate Professor of English in the University of Texas. Not long ago a Texan friend of mine was looking for a job. He had just received his degree at one of the better universities in Texas, where he had been praised as a student. During graduate school he published several articles in his field and acquired a good deal of teaching experience. That year was considered a good one for new teachers because enrolments were increasing at a rapid rate. So my friend was surprised to discover that teaching jobs were scarce, at least for him. While his classmates were sought after by department heads, he got only two modest offers. Both came from schools on the Mexican border, where population and student bodies are predominantly of Mexican origin. My friend, need it be said, was himself of Mexican descent.


This sourcebook is a reference on the drafting standards and graphic techniques available. It also provides instruction, backed up by practical exercises and drawing examples.


The effects of glucose administration on the blood ammonia concentration, and of NH,Cl administration on serum glucose levels were studied in a group of patients with cirrhosis and other forms of liver disease. We were unable to confirm the recent observations that glucose administration causes elevations in blood ammonia concentration.


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: wireless communication network comprises different base stations and subscriber stations. Every base station provides services of broadcasting content transfer to subscriber stations via communication channels of one of the following types: 1) common channel used by multiple subscriber stations, 2) individual channels, every of which is separated for use by separate subscriber station. In response to one or several preset changes of condition, i.e. change of number of subscriber stations that request the program, change of transmission power level used by base station, or in case of other change of network condition, communication channel type used for provisioning of broadcasting content to one or several subscriber stations is switched over. EFFECT: delivery of broadcasting content with use of errors and individual channels combination, depending on whatever is more preferable in available circumstances. 5 cl, 28 dwg


OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Prevention through Design is the first U.S. macroergonomic initiative to address occupational and environmental risks associated with work operations. In the Prevention through Design approach, all aspects of the work operation (worker, equipment, materials, environment, processes) are evaluated, inherent risks identified, and design solutions generated. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health launched an initiative in 2008 to disseminate Prevention through Design methods in all industrial sectors. Innovative design solutions are being developed to reduce injury, illness, and pollution arising from agriculture, construction, manufacturing, commercial fishing, healthcare, and mining. Diffusion of new design solutions and adoption within the industries, though, remain major hurdles to implementation. Therefore, this article describes a conceptual model to predict industry acceptance of these innovations. Practicing ergonomists and occupational safety and health professionals can employ the constructs of this model in developing intervention strategies within the workplace.


A thorough knowledge of arteries of the upper extremity is necessary for catheterization, graft harvesting, shunt application, and Astrup's examination. Coincidences of two different variants are rather rare. We present a case of the coincidental presence of arteria brachialis accessoria stemming from the arteria axillaris and reuniting with the arteria brachialis 1.5cm below the origin of the arteria collateralis ulnaris inferior; and arteria comitans nervi median originated in association with the arteria interossea communis from the arteria ulnaris, passing into the palm and towards the arte- riae digitales palmares to the thumb, index and lateral side of the third finger. Such coincidence has never been reported before.


The present invention relates to an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly comprising: a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive fraction and negative electrodes, and at least two monomer units, the monomer units having an electrode projecting from the respective the electrode tab, wherein the unit cell on a plane in the height direction are stacked, and at least two monomer units having different sizes of a flat surface, and not a monomer unit formed of the side electrode tab having a rounded corner portion formed on at least one edge contact.


Paralleling other forms of the 'global phenomenon' in theatre practice, there seems to be a similar trend in training actors' voices. Signalling this movement towards an international focus in Voice are relatively recent institutional developments. The Centre for Performance Research (CPR) in Wales has been hosting the bi-annual Giving Voice conference since 1990, bringing to the UK internationally recognized Voice trainers and practitioners from around the world. The Central School of Speech and Drama (CSSD) recently opened the International Centre for Voice in 2000, and the Voice and Speech Trainers Association (VASTA) had their first international conference in Glasgow, Scotland, August 2005. Leading practitioners in the field of training actors' voices, such as Cicely Berry, Patsy Rodenburg, Kristin Linklater, and Arthur Lessac, have also contributed to this development by teaching their methods internationally and writing about their experiences. This essay suggests ways in which this 'global' development will have major impact not just on Voice pedagogy but on assumptions about actor training. As Erika Fischer-Lichte points out, cultural exchanges in the theatre change the sphere they enter as well as the sphere they leave behind. As the means to travel and teach internationally become available to more Voice trainers, there will be, I suspect, a noticeable shift in certain training principles and practices of Western Voice pedagogy because of new contexts in which trainers locate themselves. Underlying this essay and informing it are my own experiences teaching Voice internationally. I am an American who accepted a two-year Visiting Professorship in Voice at the Korean National University of Arts (KNUA), School of Drama in Seoul, Korea, returning periodically to teach part-time for another two years before taking a permanent post teaching Voice at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London, England. Using my own Voice classrooms at KNUA as an example, this article explores how 'going global' could change the most fundamental principles and practices of Western Voice pedagogy, particularly with regard to the body/voice relationship.


The timing of Sevieror detachment-style fold and thrust belt deformation along the leading edge of the Helena salient of the Montana Disturbed Belt has not been well-defined due to a lack of overlying synor post-orogenic strata. The easternmost folds of the salient however, are cored with a series of intrusions which appear, on the basis of map pattern, to be pre-, syn-, and post-tectonic with respect to fold and thrust belt deformation. Paleomagnetic fold test and radiometric age data are used in combination with previous structural and stratigraphic studies to more accurately constrain the timing of fold and thrust belt deformation in the northern Crazy Mountains Basin. In addition, a geochronological synthesis of the major tectonic events in the evolution of the Crazy Mountains Basin and surrounding uplifts is presented. Paleomagnetic fold test data from mafic alkaline sills of the Robinson anticline intrusive complex indicate that in situ site mean direction are well-grouped (D = 327°, I = 58°, k = 46.5, a95 = 7°, N = 8) and that a fold test is negative and significant at the 95% confidence level. This indicates that the intrusions were emplaced subsequent to folding. Radiometric (K-Ar) dates from the Robinson anticline intrusive complex and Comb Creek stock range from 52 to 48 Ma and are therefore early Eocene in age. Robinson anticline sills intrude folded Late Cretaceous to middle Paleocene sedimentary rocks of the Fort Union Formation. Sevier-style fold and thrust belt deformation along the leading edge of the Helena salient of the Disturbed Belt is therefore bracketed as latest Paleocene to earliest Eocene. This age is in reasonably good agreement with that of similar structures along the eastern margins of the northern Montana Disturbed Belt and the Utah-Idaho-Wyoming salient. Elsewhere in the Crazy Mountains Basin and surrounding uplifts, the broad timing of Sevierand Laramide-style deformation is demonstrated to span the period from Late Cretaceous to earliest Eocene. TIMING OF DEFORMATION ALONG THE LEADING EDGE OF THE MONTANA DISTURBED BELT, NORTHERN CRAZY MOUNTAINS BASIN, MONTANA by Stephen Scott Harlan A thesis submitted in partial.fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Sciences MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana January 1986


The rise of mobile Internet has attracted a large number of traditional industries to be closely integrated with it, including insurance industry. Internet auto insurance is the perfect combination of Internet and traditional insurance products. As a kind of insurance with high degree of standardization in property insurance, auto insurance has a high Internet penetration rate. This paper analyzes the comparative advantages of Internet auto insurance in the three aspects of channel entrance, product pricing and product innovation, and analyzes the existing problems of Internet auto insurance. Keywords—auto insurance; Internet; development prospect


We consider simple modules over the McConnell--Pettit algebras. We show that both induction and contraction yield simple modules for the extremes of the global dimension.


The 17th Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology took place in Paris on 17–20 September 2008 and brought together nearly 11 000 participants. Various plenary lectures, subspecialty meetings, 'free communications', 'top ten', 'test yourself' and 'junior' sessions, 19 courses and 14 'lunches with the expert', six forums, 27 symposia and 45 workshops were pressed into the 4 days of the meeting. Over 1700 posters were presented and exhibited. The themes of a number of symposiums, workshops and sessions overlapped, offering additional educational opportunities despite a very busy schedule. The meeting was well organized. Aesthetic dermatology comprised a significant part of the meeting. It is impossible to encompass all important presentations and we highlight a few medical pearls presented at the meeting; however, our report is not intended as a substitute for reading the conference proceedings and related references quoted in this article.


Oxidation behavior of NiAl alloy at low temperatures was studied. A NiAl plate was oxidized by exposure to ambient atmosphere at room temperature, heated at 473 K in air, and heated at 773 K in air. The oxide formed on the NiAl surface was investigated by angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR‐XPS). Chemical composition and atomic concentration in the oxide layer were analyzed with factor analysis of XPS spectra. Exposure of the NiAl plate to the ambient atmosphere resulted in the formation of an Al2O3 layer along with a small amount of NiO. Oxidation of the NiAl plate at 473 K in air formed a film of double‐layered oxide; the top layer consisted of NiAl2O4 and a small amount of NiO, and the second layer was Al2O3. Successive oxidation at 773 K only changed the oxide‐layer thickness without changing the structure. Formation of oxide observed in the present study corresponds to the thermodynamic prediction for the oxidation behavior of NiAl at 1373 K. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The relationship between motor faults and motor efficiency is studied in this paper. The input power, electrical power, is calculated from voltage and current measurements. The motor current data is also utilized to determine rotor speed. Then, torque-speed characteristic curves are used to find torque and mechanical power values respectively. Motor efficiency is compared under fault and no fault situations.


Discipline is a very important factor in learning at school. For this reason, students are required to behave according to the rules and regulations that apply in school. But the willingness and willingness to comply with the discipline, there are still those who do not have the awareness to obey the rules, students feel heavy because they do not know the benefits and uses. Action is needed in schools in carrying out and realizing discipline. Based on these problems, the formulation of the problem in this study is how is the discipline of learning in schools. How are the factors that influence discipline in learning at the school. And how is the urgency of discipline in learning at school. To be able to answer the problems that have been formulated, the authors use a qualitative approach with the method of literature review. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that discipline in learning is a series of attitudes, behavior of students who show obedience and obedience to study regularly at school. Discipline is not something that happens automatically or spontaneously to a person, but the attitude is formed on the basis of several factors that influence it. The factors that affect the discipline that exists in students include innate factors, self-awareness, interest and motivation, mindset, exemplary, advice, training, family environment, school and groups in interaction. Discipline education is very important given to schools to educate students, this is done so that students can easily understand and obey immediately, to carry out their obligations in learning and directly understand the prohibitions. Understand good and bad behavior. Learn to control desires and do things without feeling threatened by punishment by the rules at school.


The Chinese inherent retribution of kindness and evilness was combined with Buddhist transmigration,and the cause-and-effect transmigration concept with Chinese characteristics was formed.This concept not only affected modern people's thought,but also had an impact on the creation of China ancient novels.Under this concept,two kinds of novels with transmigration concept appeared in ancient China,which has a huge effect on the following generations.


Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the commonest cause of nontraumatic amputation worldwide. With increasing prevalence of DM, there has been an increase in the rate of below the knee amputations (BKA), usually in the setting of severe soft tissue infections and osteomyelitis. Readmissions are often related to prior admissions and account for significant and usually preventable healthcare cost burden. This study assessed the rate and reasons for 30-day readmissions (30DR) in DM patients with BKA with the aim of identifying preventable factors for readmissions. Methods: The National Readmission Database for 2018 was queried for hospitalizations involving adult patients with DM who had BKA from January 1 to November 30, 2018. Elective and traumatic admissions were excluded. Outcomes assessed were 30DR rates, mortality, length of stay (LOS), hospitalization costs (THC) and top principal diagnosis for readmitted patients following BKA. Results: A total of 15,090 hospitalizations involved adults with DM who had DKA as index admissions. The 30DR rate was 13.79%. The most common reasons for readmission were sepsis unspecified (18.4%), hypertension with CKD and heart failure (7.0%), DM angiopathy with gangrene (4.2%), acute renal failure (3.0%), and hypertension with heart failure (2.1%). Readmission was associated with higher odds of mortality (6.1% vs. 4.3%, OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.89, p=0.007) compared to the index admission. In patients with DM with BKA, readmissions accounted for a cumulative 18,078 days of hospitalization, which cost patients over $40 million within the period. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with DM with BKA are readmitted for various complications. 30DR is associated with higher mortality and result in a significant cost burden to the patient and healthcare system. Mitigating the rate or readmissions would significantly improve patient outcomes. Disclosure C. D. Corpuz: None. H. Shaka: None. M. Ramirez: None. M. C. Aguilera: None. S. T. Yap: None. A. Kichloo: None. M. Murthi: None. R. Atluri: None. S. Gonakoti: None.


Different genes of picornaviruses,such as foot-and-mouth disease virus,can induce apoptosis,but the roles are different.This review summarizes the mechanism of apoptosis induced by different genes of picornaviruses,and prospects development of apoptosis relevant to virus.


Though many reports describe trinuclear ruthenium carboxylates as catalysts, none of these systems utilize dioxygen as the primary oxidant. The authors have found Ru/sub 3/O(O/sub 2/CR)/sub 6/L/sub 3//sup n/ (R = CH/sub 3/ or C/sub 2/H/sub 5/; L = H/sub 2/O or PPh/sub 3/; n = 0, + 1) to be an efficient catalyst for the selective oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones by O/sub 2/ under mild conditions.


Mangroves provide a unique ecological environment for diverse microbial communities. They are particularly important in controlling the chemical environment of the ecosystem. Sundarban, being a rapidly changing ecosystem, is under stress due to various anthropogenic activities. The present study was taken with an objective to assess the microbial (fungal and bacterial) diversity with respect to behaviour of nutrients. Three sampling location viz. Canning, Jharkhali and Pakhiralay, were chosen based on anthropogenic stress. It was observed that at Canning, nitrate (7.46 mg.L) and phosphate (8.12 mg. L) in water were maximum of all the three locations. Total bacterial load (29.83 × 10), Phosphorus solubilising (14.08 × 10 CFU.g), N2 fixing (13.67 × 10 CFU.g) and nitrifying bacteria (13.67 × 10 CFU.g) as well as exchangeable phosphorus (42 μg.g) was highest in the sediments collected at Canning. Sediments associated with dense mangroves (Pakhiralay) showed highest count of cellulose degrading bacteria (45.15 × 10 CFU.g). Fungal diversity was also assessed and it was observed that Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most abundant species in the three sampling locations. The study had elucidated the existing environmental conditions played a significant role in the determination of microbial diversity as well as nutrient behaviour in the sediments.


Submitted thesis is divided into three fundamental chapters. Opening chapter has theoretic character, whereas, it defines fundamental resources of labour market, it specifies "what is unemployment and who is unemployed", it characterizes main types of unemployment - it places emphasis on long-term unemployment and voluntary unemployment. Second chapter gives short characteristic of region Kolin and analyses unemployment in this region, including evaluation of impact of Toyota Peugeot Citroen Automobile, ltd. on regional labour market. Third chapter is key chapter, it analyses unemployment in two communities of region Kolin, in community Cerhenice and in community Krakovany. The aim of this thesis is to refer to problems of unemployment from different perspective than the unemployment is in most of cases presented. It is concerned about estimation of job applicants in term of their real availability/unavailability, detection of reasons of their evidence on employment office, respectively, detection of main reasons that classify job applicants as unavailable job applicants and analysis of their possibilities in term of assert on labour market.


Recombinant human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (r-metHuGDNF) is a potent neuronal growth and survival factor that has been considered for clinical use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we present results of a 6-month toxicology study in rhesus monkeys conducted to support clinical evaluation of chronic intraputamenal infusion of r-metHuGDNF for PD. Monkeys (6–9/sex/group) were treated with 0 (vehicle), 15, 30, or 100 μg/day r-metHuGDNF by continuous unilateral intraputamenal infusion (150 μl/day flow rate) for 6 months; a subset of animals (2–3/sex/group) underwent a subsequent 3-month treatment-free recovery period. Notable observations included reduced food consumption and body weight at 100 μg/day and meningeal thickening underlying the medulla oblongata and/or overlying various spinal cord segments at 30 and 100 μg/day. In addition, multifocal cerebellar Purkinje cell loss (with associated atrophy of the molecular layer and, in some cases, granule cell loss) was observed in 4 monkeys in the 100-μg/day group. This cerebellar finding has not been observed in previous nonclinical studies evaluating r-metHuGDNF. The small number of affected animals precludes definitive conclusions regarding the pathogenesis of the cerebellar lesion, but the data support an association with r-metHuGDNF treatment.


The chaotic cryptosystems are widely researched in the scientific and technical fields. But the dynamical degradation is a hindrance to digital chaotic maps. In this paper, we present a detailed statistical analysis of the mixed chaotic series based on the logistic map and Fibonacci sequence, which convert the value of the logistic map into the integer number by Fibonacci sequence. The experimental results show that the mixed chaotic series have the desired dynamics and randomness with the range of (0, 256). It is the prevention and remedy to the dynamical degradation of chaotic maps. It can be applied to the chaotic cryptosystems and security communications.


One of the benefits of using a multi-objective algorithm is that the tradeoffs between objectives for a given design can be easily visualized. In the study of gradient-index optics, this ability can lead to a better understanding of the tradeoffs between the gradient magnitude, Δn, focus quality, and size of the optic. A gradient-index plano-convex lens is proposed to highlight the limitations of a single- objective optimization while the potential of using multi-objective optimization for chromatic- and oblique incidence-corrections are also discussed.


This article focuses the political agenda for global economic governance for the next fifty years. According to the author, the huge populational increasing in poor countries will persuade to a big participation of this countries in the decision making process in the international scenario, increasing the information and experiences exchanged between poor and rich countries. At the end, there is a brief explanation about why emerging markets should have a powerful voice in the global economic governance.


Salmonella spp. is one of the primary pathogens that cause foodborne diseases worldwide. In the present study, we deeply characterized Salmonella spp. originated from foods related to human salmonellosis outbreaks in Minas Gerais - Brazil, from 2003 to 2017. In this regard, the serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence genes and genetic polymorphism determined by rep-PCR were performed in 70 Salmonella spp. isolates. Thirteen serotypes of Salmonella spp. were identified, and S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were the most prevalent, both corresponding to 74.3% (52/70) of all isolates. Sixty-five (92.8%) isolates demonstrated to be resistant to at least one of the 15 antimicrobials tested. Ten isolates (14.2%) showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Sixteen virulence genes were screened and detection ranged from 75.7 to 100% of all isolates. There was a statistical difference among Salmonella spp. serotypes in detecting the sipB , sopE , lfpA , sefA and spvC genes. Forty isolates of S. Enteritidis from 16 outbreaks were grouped into 14 fingerprints, while 12 S. Typhimurium retrieved six fingerprints. The bacteria presented a serological pattern like those reported by main public health centers worldwide. One major concern of our findings is the high levels of both detection of virulence genes and resistance to antimicrobials, especially to critically important drugs. In this concern, especial attention should be given to the serotype S. Enteritidis. Although the isolates of Salmonella spp. have presented a relatively variable genome, high genetic similarity was observed among them, with some of them sharing identical fingerprints. These results corroborate the hypothesis of clonal circulation of Salmonella spp. in human infections in Minas Gerais.


The invention relates to the field of protection of leather cultural relics and discloses a preparation method of a fat-liquoring softener for dry, hard and fragile leather cultural relics. The preparation method includes the following steps that (1) castor oil and water are mixed to obtain a solution A; (2) PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil is added to the solution A, and a solution B is obtained after even mixing; (3) nano-hydroxyapatite, glycerol and ethyl alcohol are weighed respectively, mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic processing so as to obtain a solution C; (4) the solution B and the solution C are mixed to obtain a solution D; and (5) 2-noctyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one, glutaraldehyde, urea and sodium chloride are added to the solution D and finally processed in an ultrasonic processor to obtain the fat-liquoring softener for the dry, hard and fragile leather cultural relics. The softener prepared through the method has good permeability and filling ability. After the leather cultural relics are protected, the high softness and tensile strength of the leather cultural relics can be recovered, and the heat stability of the leather cultural relics is also improved.


Many oil seeds contain the necessary fatty acids i.e polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like omega-3 and omega-6. These PUFAs are oxidation-prone. Before being applied to or added as a value to food products, PUFAs need to be protected, hence this is accomplished by microencapsulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different types of PUFA rich oil seeds and their benefits in human health. Health benefit of pufa include obesity which have become a global health crisis. Clinical studies on obesity, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory disorders have all shown that omega 3 fatty acids have effects on anti-inflammatory characteristics that can reduce or lower the risk of heart diseases. One of the newest technique to prevent oxidation of PUFAs is microencapsulation. One strategy for maintaining the integrity of delicate chemicals is microencapsulation. It is also a way to create materials with new beneficial features. The method of microencapsulation involves encasing microscopic particles in a polymeric shell. This review also describes different techniques of microencapsulation of PUFAs which includes single


The theoretical description of bistable materials requires dealing with the interplay of various phenomena, like temperature, environmental effects and electron correlation. We developed a procedure to combine the benefits of the molecular dynamics techniques with the accuracy of the ab initio wave function based methods including various models for the surroundings. The combination of these computational methods involved the making of specific software tools. The proposed procedure has been applied successfully, obtaining good agreements with experimental data, on organic molecules in solvent (cytosine tautomers in water), crystalline materials (NiO, LaMnO3 and TTTA) and inorganic spin-crossover compounds (FeII(bpy)3). We achieved a significant improvement in the description of their absorption spectra: including ligand-to-metal and metal-to-metal charge transfer processes, formally dipole forbidden transitions and the broadening of the spectral bands. Moreover, we observe dramatic changes on the electronic structure by incorporating the environmental effects on the theoretical model.


The research described in this paper focuses on the use of mathematical techniques to identify high entropy encrypted files generated during the execution of ransomware. A common approach used by many ransomware detection techniques is to monitor file system activity and attempt to identify encrypted files being written to disk, often using the file's entropy as an indicator of encryption. However, often in the description of these techniques, little or no discussion is made as to why a particular entropy calculation technique is used or any justification given as to why one technique was selected over the alternatives. The paper compares the suitability for five of the most common mathematical techniques currently being used for entropy calculation: Chi-Square $(\chi^{2})$, Shannon Entropy, Mean Average, Monte Carlo estimation, and Serial Correlation. During the testing, the five separate entropy values were calculated for each of the 245,000 target files - resulting in nearly 1.2 million separate calculations. The overall accuracy of each of the individual test's ability to differentiate between high entropy files encrypted using ransomware and other file types is then evaluated. Each test is compared using this metric in an attempt to identify the entropy method most suited for encrypted file identification. The hypothesis being that there is a fundamental difference between different entropy methods and that the best methods can be used to better detect random ware encrypted files


The engine of symbolic library is the mid-ware between symbolic library and GIS platform.How to devise the framework and interface of the engine will have a lot of effect on the edit function in the GIS platform.This paper mainly discussed how to develop an engine of symbolic library which is not combined with certain GIS software,and designed six function modules based on software reusing,as well as discussed design and implementation for the engine of symbolic library.


''Tooth Movement in Orthodontic Treat-ment with Low-Level Laser Therapy: A Systematic Review ofHuman and Animal Studies,'' there are some inconsistenciesthat could mislead readers who show interest in such a broadsubject. This is why we feel the need to clarify certain aspectscontained in the article. When properly conducted, systematicreviews (SRs) and meta-analyses are ranked high in the pyra-mid of evidence, and their results can influence clinical deci-sions and serve as a foundation for evidence-based practiceguidelines. However, SRs can be prone to biases originatingfrom poor quality of the included studies, heterogeneity amongstudies, and possible publication biases.


Telehealth is the provision of medical services across distance by qualified healthcare professionals using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to exchange accurate and authentic information [1]. Real-time or store-and-forward delivery methods are employed for providing telehealth services. Most families now have at least one digital device, such as a smartphone or other gadget that allows for patient and healthcare provider communication, due to the rapid innovation and downsizing of portable electronics. The goals of telehealth, include the following: • Make health care readily available to persons who reside in rural or isolated regions. • Keep patients as well as healthcare providers safe during outbreaks like COVID-19. • Provide basic medical services for an extensive spectrum of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. • Make programs more accessible or convenient for individuals with restricted mobility, time, or transportation. • Provide access to medical experts. • Facilitate communication and care coordination across the members of the medical team and the patient. • To continue serving patients with terminal illnesses with health treatment. • Tele mental health is highly beneficial for video/audio teleconsultations and teleconsulting.


Biomedical stents for the digestive tract address many of the limitations associated with traditional surgical treatments for gastrointestinal diseases. This paper provides a review of the performance requirements, complications, and limitations of stent materials in the treatment of common digestive tract diseases. The advantages and disadvantages of different materials and processing technologies for digestive tract stents are discussed. Furthermore, considering the diverse requirements for ideal alimentary canal stent materials, the challenges that require further research are outlined in detail, providing strategic references for the development of biomedical stents for the digestive tract


University ranking is one of important forms of higher education evaluation,and scientific ranking index system is a significant indicator which enables university ranking to be authoritative.Based on the perspective of subjectivity of student,this paper carries out a comparative analysis among the list of prestigious universities at home and abroad,drawing the conclusion that China's university ranking with flimsy design data and indicators is difficult to roundly reflect the students' situation.The reason is that the evaluation index system of China's universities is influenced by traditional single listing and asymmetry imformation,etc.This paper suggests that our non-official bodies should set up a selective route,that is reinforce the subject status of studentsto further improve evaluation index system of China's universities.


On base of beam modeling is shown influence to interferences of the reflected waves in method CDP and her (its) influence upon decision of the inverse dynamic problem of the seismic method. It Is Shown that presented technology of the determination of the amplitudes of the waves of the shift on base of the angular dependencies of the method CDP allows exclude interference and restore the springy parameters of the ambience with pinpoint accuracy. As of beam modeling of the wave field to deep model of the real ambience (built as of deep boring on Vanavarsk firing range) is installed following: Speediest shielding spottiness's HPGC (trap), typical of territory East Siberia, create the super able difficulties for reliable determination of the amplitudes waves of the shift . Using to above-mentioned technology on real observations MOGT allows getting in principal new given on springy characteristic oil and gas reservoir and accordingly their FCC.


Since the publication of the 'To Err is Human' report, patient safety and quality improvement has been an increasingly important agenda in health care. This article explores the role that students can play in leading change in health-care systems.


An eighty year old male presented with a left cervical lymph node enlargement. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lymph node revealed metastatic deposits of an adenocarcinoma. The search for primary site was conducted and a primary lesion was detected in the prostate. Though uncommon, a prostatic adenocarcinoma may initially presents with symptoms of distal metastasis and rarely as non regional lymph node metastasis.


By using relational thinking methods which are quite different from speculative philosophy that identifies relation with concept,Marx and Engels,with rheir emphasis on material production and on the basis of the notion of individuals in reality,dialectically interpreted multiple relationships in human activities,such as the relationship between man and nature,the relationship between an individual and society,the relationship between the subject and the object and the relationship between freedom and necessity.For the first time in history,they revealed the inherent essence and the unity of objective and complex social relations,establishing a new world outlook——modern materialism,which is a revolution in the history of philosophy.In this paper a text analysis of relational thinking methods will be performed to achieve the comprehension of them.


Classification from sonographic images of thyroid gland is tackled in semiautomatic way. While making manual diagnosis from images, some relevant information need not to be recognized by human visual system. Quantitative image analysis could be helpful to manual diagnostic process so far done by physician. Two classes are considered: normal tissue and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto's Thyroiditis). Data are represented by Haralick features and 1-dimensional histograms. Data structure is analyzed using K-nearest-neighbour classification. Conclusion of this thesis is that unlike the histograms, Haralick features are not appropriate to distinguish between normal tissue and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.


Regulations on open-field burning have forced grass seed growers to adopt alternatives for postharvest residue management. Experiments were conducted on fields established by grass seed producers in western Oregon to compare effects of (i) mechanical straw removal and flail-chopping the stubble (flail-chop), (ii) mechanical straw removal and propane-burning the stubble (propane-burn), and (iii) open-field burning the residue (open-burn) on seed yield the following year. Treatments were tested on three consecutive crop years of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Regal and Pleasure) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Martin and Rebel II). Seed yield components were measured to identify the components through which treatments affect yield. Treatments did not affect seed yield of Regal perennial ryegrass and Martin tall rescue in any crop year. Third-crop seed yield of Pleasure perennial ryegrass was 15% higher for the open-burn than for the flail-chop treatment; fourth-crop seed yield was 12% higher for the open-burn treatment than for either flail-chop or propane-burn. Across years, seed yields of Rehel II tall rescue for propane-burn and open-burn treatments were 8 and 12% greater, respectively, than for flail-chop. Where seed yields were affected, differences among treatments were through changes in seed number per unit area (seeds m -2 ), but seed weight was relatively stable. Treatments did not affect the number of fertile tillers in any cultivar. Variations in seed number were apparently due to treatment effects on the number of seeds set per tiller. We conclude that the need for postharvest residue burning in perennial ryegrass and tall rescue is cultivar specific. Mechanical residue removal is apparently as effective as open-field burning for maintaining high seed yields in some cultivars of these grasses.


ABSTRACT Following the onset of profound deafness, the newly-deafened person is confronted with the various social meanings attributed to disability, particularly by the medical model. These values focus moral pressure on the individual to conform themselves with reified notions of so-called able-bodied, economically self-sufficient, hearing citizens. This moral arena privileges interventions such as cochlear implants over identifications with the Deaf Community, sign language and alternative communication technologies. The purpose of this paper is document and situate the moral milieu in which deafened people have to act, within its broader historical context. It then documents linkages between broadly-based social movements that commenced centuries ago, with specific attempts to govern aspects of the lives of deaf and deafened people. The analysis shows that as deaf and deafened people today struggle for social equality, they have much more in common, than has perhaps been recognised in the past.


Recent uses of flexible electret loudspeakers in futuristic applications have garnered much interest for these novel loudspeakers. In this paper, a novel thin film processing method was developed to improve the performance of an electret diaphragm. This paper discusses the relationship between the charge storage and the additive concentration. A cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) thin film containing an additive such as 2-(6-mercaptohexyl) malonic acid was prepared using a spin-coating process. Furthermore, attention was directed towards the processing conditions which were found to have an important role and are related to the self-assembly and micelle formation behavior of the additives in the COC. In the present study, thin films of 13 µm thickness were charged by a corona method. Compared with a reference thin film of pure COC, results indicated that when a 3497 mg kg − 1 additive was added to the COC matrix, the obtained surface potential was 71% higher. Thus, the results show that a COC + additive thin film leads to a much improved charge storage. It appears to be an inexpensive and relatively easy way to form a thin structure for developing novel flexible electret loudspeakers.


The modification of lignocellulose with cyclic anhydrides could confer stronger hydro- philic properties to lignocellulose, which could be used in many industrial fields. To elucidate the modification mechanism of lignocellulose, bagasse was phthalated com- paratively with its three main components in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) using 4-dimethylaminopyridine as catalyst and phthalic anhydride as acyla- tion reagent in the present study. From FT-IR and 2D HSQC analyses, the skeleton of bagasse and the fractions were not significantly changed during phthalation in AmimCl. 2D HSQC results suggested that the reactive hydroxyls in bagasse were partially phthalated, and the reactivity of the hydroxyls in anhydroglucose units followed the order C-6 > C-2 > C-3. Similarly, the reactivity order of hydroxyls in anhydroxylose units was C-2 > C-3. For lignin, the predominant diesterification occurred during the homo- geneous modification, and both aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyls were phthalated. The reactivity order of phenolic hydroxyls was S-OH > G-OH > H-OH, which was distinct from that without catalyst. In addition, it was found that the thermal stability of phthalated bagasse was affected by the disruption of cellulose crystallinity and the degradation of components. The thermal stability of the phthalated bagasse decreased upon chemical modification and regeneration.


For almost thirty years angiocardiography has been a diagnostic aid in the study of cardiovascular diseases. While valuable, the procedure attains visualization of anatomical structures that by any standard must be regarded as gross. In the authors' department (University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.) recent efforts have been devoted to alterations in technic that might provide better detail. In recent years carbon dioxide has been shown to be practical for intracardiac visualization (1). The possibility of the use of a contrast material with the carbon dioxide to obtain double-contrast detail in vivo has been explored in dogs by several investigators (2, 3). The results, however, were not the most desirable, even though circulatory arrest was employed. This in vitro study was undertaken to explore the potential value of a more perfect double-contrast technic and to facilitate interpretation of conventional angiocardiograms. Dog hearts, contributed by other investigators whose studies resulted in or requ...


This paper is meant to help designers of educational accountability systems think more critically about the questions they want to ask schools and the kinds of analyses that best answer these questions. There are two essential questions in school evaluation: how good is this school, and is it getting better? Each of these questions then can be subdivided into achievement level status and achievement level change. These four questions can be examined in a two-by-two matrix that results in quadrants with questions: (1) what is the achievement level of students in this school (quadrant A, question la); (2) is the achievement level of this school improving (quadrant B, question 2a); (3) is this an effective school (quadrant c, question lb); and (4) is this school becoming more effective (quadrant d, question 2b). Developers of accountability systems must consider the implications of these questions for their systems. (Contains 4 exhibits and 19 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The primary object of teaching is to produce learning (that is, change), and the amount re-) 0, and kind of learning that occur can be ascertained only by comparing an individual's or a group's status before the learning period with what it is after the learning period. Frank B. Davis LT4 Educational Measurements and Their Interpretation U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ttThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 17 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Four Methods of Judging School Quality and Progress' Dale Carlson AERA Conference, Chicago, 2003 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


The practical training in studio in high professional education is a reform in former teaching style.It will be realized through four steps.They are training the understanding of the basic frame,copying the original frame drawing,"looking and saying" and combining the changing of frame and design conscious.All these can integrate the frame,the pattern with the technology,and play an important part in training students' creative spirit to meet the needs of the present market.


A two-dimensional (2D) Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory for temperature induced phase transformations in single crystals is extended to incorporate the effects of mechanical and thermal (expansion or dilatational) strain effects. This extension of the GL theory allows the single crystal GL model to be implemented into polycrystalline homogenization schemes. The proposed model is capable of examining the interactions of applied mechanical loading states and phase transformation processes within single crystals.


Due to the rapid economic growth and industrial development in China, the constantly soaring upGDP has made many people believe that the golden age of China has come. But along with the boomingdeve ...


The ideological and political education in college is an eternal issue. In the new situation, it is required to carry out the ideological and political education in the specialized course education because of the complexity of the ideological and political education, the difficulty of teaching "two classes" as well as the objective request of the knowledge economy and. It is not only necessary but also feasible, and it is a reflection of the essence of education. The teachers can carry out the ideological and political education by flexible means such as example and psychological implication.


Space charge density around the conductor surface is a boundary condition in the ionized field computation of HVDC transmission lines. Upstream finite element method is a common method to study ionized field problem. In this method, the distribution regularity of space charges around the conductor surface needs to be determined before computation. The difference of distribution assumptions will cause different results. In this paper, three distribution assumptions of space charges around conductor surface in ionized field computation are summed up. The effect of these assumptions is evaluated by a reduced-scale experiment in the laboratory. Finally, computation results of -800kV unipolar and ±800kV bipolar equivalent single transmission lines are discussed, and the percentage of relative error is given.


A grit blasting consists of attacking the surface of a material with grits. The grit blasting is very dangerous and difficult work in the shipbuilding industry. Particularly, it is very dangerous for workers to grit blasting in double hull ship block which has very hazardous environment. So, many workers have musculoskeletal disorders and respiratory disorders. Recently, shipbuilding industry demands the autonomous process instead of manual work process in double hull ship block. This paper describes blasting robot's control system and work process due to the work surface preparation for girt blasting


The status of the eta/sub c/ signal seen in the Crystal Ball data on psi' and psi radiative decay is presented. The eta/sub c/ has a mass of (2981 +- 15) MeV, and a width of 20 +- 15 MeV. The decay mode eta/sub c/ eta ..pi pi.. is observed by fitting to exclusive events. Data on other radiative decays of the psi show evidence for the E(1420) meson.


The current management in institutions of higher learning only reflect the needs of universities whereas the needs of the students are not reflected.In the dominance of the one-way needs,the management of teaching has to some extent become a means to meet the demands of the universities.With the popularization of education today,the shortcomings of one-way management are getting increasingly obvious.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a two-way pattern,establishing the idea of management as services and rebuilding communication channels between administrators and students.


This paper examines how the Community Action Support (CAS) program, a collaboration between the Australian Literacy and Numeracy Foundation (ALNF) and the University of Western Sydney (UWS), has been effectively implemented at a remote high school in the Northern Territory. The program, a School-University-Community partnership, is located within the Master of Teaching (Secondary) degree at the University of Western Sydney. It requires that pre-service teachers operate both inside and outside the formal classroom environment, providing specialised individual and small group literacy and numeracy tuition to support secondary students from disadvantaged and remote Indigenous communities. This paper, based on a case study report, outlines reasons preservice teachers gave for their participation in the program, reservations about the placement, their expectations of the program, and reflections on the overall experience of the process. Documenting the experiences of pre-service teachers engaged in this program is of particular importance to Australian education. Service learning programs like Community Action Support could be key factors in improving Indigenous literacy as well as creating a pathway to engagement in higher education and post-school employment and work.


Abstract Objectives: The objective of this review is to summarize and critically appraise existing evidence on the use of chart stimulated recall (CSR) and case-based discussion (CBD) as an assessment tool for medical trainees. Methods: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for original articles on the use of CSR or CBD as an assessment method for trainees in all medical specialties. Results: Four qualitative and three observational non-comparative studies were eligible for this review. The number of patient-chart encounters needed to achieve sufficient reliability varied across studies. None of the included studies evaluated the content validity of the tool. Both trainees and assessors expressed high level of satisfaction with the tool; however, inadequate training, different interpretation of the scoring scales and skills needed to give feedback were addressed as limitations for conducting the assessment. Conclusion: There is still no compelling evidence for the use of patient's chart to evaluate medical trainees in the workplace. A body of evidence that is valid, reliable, and documents the educational effect in support of the use of patients' charts to assess medical trainees is needed.


Turbo code has shown its outstanding error-correcting performance in many wireless communication systems.However, turbo decoder's throughput is highly restricted by the recursion calculation of the MAP algorithm.In this paper,a new architec- ture of MAP decoder is presented.It improves the recursion architecture in the Radix-4 MAP decoder in order to gain higher throughput,meanwhile the modification could reduce the coding gain loss induced by the approximation of the previous Radix-4 algorithm.A new block decode strategy is also adopted to reduce the memory cost in the MAP decoder.Simulation and synthesis result shows the proposed architecture could increase the throughput by 21%,while its hardware complexity increase is negligible.


The present study aimed to investigate the stability of morphine, morphine-3-β-glucuronide (M3G), morphine-6-β-glucuronide (M6G), 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) from heroin metabolites, and codeine, codeine-6-glucuronide, nor-codeine, fentanyl, norfentanyl, paracetamol, caffeine from its adulterants at room temperature for 24 hours in order to understand the effect of instability in postmortem redistribution (PMR). The heroin metabolites and adulterants were spiked into the control blood sample with the standard addition method. Then they were kept at room temperature for 4 hours and 24 hours and the blood samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction method. The prepared samples were analyzed using the validated analytical method with a liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. According to the results of this study, no significant changes were observed in the analyte concentrations in the 4- and 24-hour postmortem blood, and it is thought that the other mechanisms may be more responsible than the instability of analytes for the significant concentration changes in PMR.


One of the main motives in "Odessa" part of I. A. Bunin's "Okayannye dni" is connected with France. For the first time "Okayannye dni" was published in 1925 on the pages of Paris émigré newspaper "Vozrozhdenie", and Bunin's text was addressed not only to Russian, but also to foreign audience, primarily French. The editorial circumstances of the first publication should be taken into account when explaining the significance of the "French" motives, but journalistic logic of 1925 follows the specific circumstances of life in Odessa and related author's experience of 1919.

"The French" appear in the first fragment of the "Okayannye dni", published in the first issue of "Renaissance" on June 3, 1925. In the newspaper publication the starting point is the decision of the French troops to leave Odessa. Bunin does not directly accuse France of abandoning the city and its inhabitants, but then constantly returns to the motive of unfulfilled hopes associated with the French. The French navy destroyer becomes a symbol of the hopes and their collapse.

Two other lines connecting Russia and France are also pointed in the first fragment of the "Okayannye dni". Bunin writes about modern political events and about French history. Bunin constantly reminds the French of their historical responsibility for committing and canonizing their "great" revolution, thus setting an example of the Russian revolution. Among the semantic centers of the "Okayannye dni" in the newspaper publication are fragments about the leaders of the French revolution, in which Bunin refers to the book "Vielles maisons, vieux papiers" by G. Lenotre. References to Lenotr's book help to avoid a negative assessment of the French revolution as a view of the Russian "from the outside".

Significant changes in the text of the "Okayannye dni" in the book edition in Berlin in 1935 also relate to French motives. Their significance is reduced both by removing fragments and by the restoration of the natural chronological structure, in which the "Okayannye dni" now begin in Moscow on January 1, 1918, not by departure of the French troops from Odessa in 1919.


The dry etch of polysilicon doped with phosphorus using a parallel plate etcher was studied. A standard dry etching process program (used in CMOS 3 /spl mu/m technology) was compared with a proposed modified program in order to obtain a better anisotropy and lower values for underetching and dimensional dispersion on the wafer.


Quality factors and fluence to ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficents for neutrons, based on the recent ICRP recommendation for the quality factor, were calculated for incident neutrons ranging from thermal neutrons to 20 MeV. The neutron quality factors are given in tabular form for the four elements H, C, N and O and for ICRU tissue substitute. An analytical function was fitted to the conversion coefficients


This conversation between Caroline Rooney and Ahdaf Soueif took place at Cairo University on 12 April 2010 as part of a symposium on "Egyptian Literary Culture and Egyptian Modernity".


The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of iminodiacetic acid and N-methyliminodiacetic acid by aquasilver(II) and Ag(II)-2,2′-bipyridine complexes has been investigated. The results are discussed with reference to the active reaction pathways, the equilibrium quotient of the title reactions, the protolytic equilibria which involve the oxidizing complex, and the intrinsic self-exchange rates of the oxidants.


Language policy and implementation has been a long debate in South African education system that led to the introduction of the Language in Education Policy (RSA; 1998). The aim of this paper was to investigate the undergraduate students' experiences towards English language and communication for educators' module. On their first year as teacher trainees, they are introduced to five fundamental modules in Education one of them being Language and Communication for Educators (known as EDS). Language and Communication for Educators is a fundamental subject that aims at introducing student teachers to English academic reading and writing skills. The skills are meant to help them through their degree studies and beyond. Students are also introduced to issues of South African Language in Education. The qualitative research approach was used to investigate the students' experiences about the skills learnt from Language and Communication module. Students' experiences were investigated through interviews, document reviews and focus group discussions. Constructivist paradigm was deemed necessary for the study and case study design. Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics theory as it outlines syntactic structure and functions of language in context. Curriculum Theory was also used to support the theory of the study. The study aims at understanding experiences of students' academic reading and writing skills. The main topics dealt with in this module are sentence structures, paragraph writing, summarising and referencing styles. Findings of the study was that students believed that the module helped them through their undergraduate academic studies even in writing and reading in their discipline-specific literacies. They clearly reflect on the course that when they were taught the module, they did not understand the importance of the module. They only became aware of the importance of academic reading and writing skills when they had to use them in their specialisation modules and when they went to schools for workintegrated learning sessions. Recommendations were that the module is necessary for teaching academic reading and writing skills at first year level. All undergraduate students must be introduced to these skills. Language skills also helped them to be familiar with the language in education policy as stated in the South African Schools Act (SASA) of 2006. The module also helped them to be able to understand their university language policy.


This chapter considers Løgstrup's relation to Martin Luther. It begins by outlining Luther's account of human wickedness, and the crucial role this plays in his distinctive theology and ethics. It then shows how Løgstrup takes over this account, but also departs from Luther in certain fundamental respects (§11.1). It then considers how K. Olesen Larsen, building on Kierkegaard, exploits this departure to mount a critical challenge to Løgstrup (§11.2). It is then shown how Løgstrup might respond to Olesen Larsen, but in a way that reveals how his ethics is indeed a step beyond Luther, but arguably a defensible one (§11.3). Finally, the chapter considers how Løgstrup deals with an issue that is central to his Lutheran approach, namely the conception of moral agency that is possible on this model, making a critical comparison with Iris Murdoch (§11.4).


During the actual communication practice,the performance of linearly constrained least squares constant modulus algorithm (LC-LSCMA) will deteriorate acutely due to signal steering vector mismatches. A novel approach,i.e.,the robust constrained LSCMA,is therefore proposed the way the recursion formula of weight vector is deduced under the condition that the modulus involving mismatched directional vector is constrained and the condition is included in the cost function so as to improve the robustness of LSCMA. Besides,the complexity of computation can be reduced by introducing the recursive algorithm to compute the inverse matrix. The robust constrained LSCMA provides a high robustness against signal steering vector mismatches,thus enabling the SINR of array output to approximate to its optimal value. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to the conventional algorithm and more adaptable to the actual complex communication.


In this paper, we consider the problem of radar estimation of forest canopy height in regions with dense forests and severe topography. We combine a reference digital elevation model with multiple satellite baselines from ascending and descending orbits to develop a merging algorithm relating single pass interferometric coherence to forest canopy height. We first describe the algorithm and processing steps used for height estimation and then apply the technique to a mountainous study site in British Columbia, Canada, using data from the Tandem-X satellite pair. We devise a new masking scheme to isolate potential problem areas in sloped terrain and apply the new merging algorithm by using multiple Tandem-X tracks to overcome the gaps left due to the masking procedure. The radar height products are validated by using a network of ground forest measurement sites and supporting lidar. The regression statistics show an r2 of 0.70 and rmse of 4.1 m between the radar and the field measured heights. By examining height errors, we implement a new test for the presence of canopy extinction, or subcanopy surface scattering, and demonstrate that in the dense and mountainous forests of British Columbia, there are significant canopy extinction effects in X-band imagery.


The paper discusses several problems of estimating the total factor productivity included in the aggregate production function used in the Romanian macroeconomic model. The author suggests an improvement of the formula adopted in the version 2005 of this macro-model.


In the present work, cacauhy's (Theobroma speciosum) floral biology was studied. Flower buds split their sepals at 14h reaching its maximum at 22h, but all flowers were fully opened at 6:00 h of the following morning. Stigmatic branches showed exudates, reaching maximum between 6:00 h and 10:00 h at the same day. Ligules and petal hoods were the floral parts with highest intensity of odour. Flowers were receptive along all the morning and noon of the anthesis day. Approximately 65% of the flowers were naturally pollinated, but only 0.85% of them set a fruit. Abscission occurred on its higher frequency at 6:00 h of the second day after anthesis. Controlled pollinations showed that cacauhy was self-incompatible species.


Objective: to determine the opportunity of usage of Schede-Brandes procedure in the treatment of patients with hallux valgus. Material and methods. The results of Shede-Brandeis operation were studied in 119 patients (198 feet). The study included patients who were followed up long-term results of treatment for up to 10 years. The results of the surgical treatment were assessed by the AOFAS scale and total criteria proposed I.A. Pakhomov. According to these scales the following results were obtained: the good - in 59,59% of patients, satisfactory - in 22,73%, poor - in 17,68%. Conclusion. These results allow to recommend Schede-Brandes procedure for use in elderly patients with osteoporosis, concomitant vascular diseases of lower extremities and with rheumatoid arthritis.


We have proposed that quantum point contacts (QPCs) can be a useful tool for producing spin-polarized currents in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit (SO) interaction [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74, 1934 (2005)]. No magnetic field is required. When the conductance through a QPC is quantized in units of 2e2/h, the current is spin-polarized in the transverse direction. This spin polarization, which can be larger than 50% in InGaAs heterostructures, is elucidated using the S-matrix formalism. We also examine transport properties of a QPC connected to a ferromagnetic lead and show how to detect the spin-polarized current from the QPC. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


NexoBrid (NXB) has been proven to be an effective selective enzymatic debridement agent in adults. This manuscript presents the combined clinical trial experience with NXB in children. Hundred and ten children aged 0.5 to 18 years suffering from deep thermal burns of up to 67% total body surface area were treated with NXB in three clinical trials. Seventy‐seven children were treated with NXB in a phase I/II study, where 92.7% of the areas treated achieved complete eschar removal within 0.9 days from admission. Thirty‐three children (17 NXB, 16 standard of care [SOC]) participated in a phase III randomized controlled trial. All wounds treated with NXB achieved complete eschar removal. Time to complete eschar removal (from informed consent) was 0.9 days for NXB vs 6.5 days for SOC (P < .001). The incidence of surgical excision was 7.9% for NXB vs 73.3% for SOC (P < .001). Seventeen of these children participated in a phase III‐b follow‐up study (9 NXB and 8 SOC). The average long‐term modified Vancouver Scar Scale scores were 3.4 for NXB‐treated wounds vs 4.4 for SOC‐treated wounds (NS). There were no significant treatment‐related adverse events. Additional studies are needed to strengthen these results.


This paper aims to design and manufacture an Android-controlled robotic arm for the purpose of picking and placing objects in constrained environments. The motivation of the research is to assess the feasibility of controlling complex real-time operating systems using a personal handheld device, with a future scope to control larger scale operations in the same way. Our robotic arm is produced using rapid prototyping techniques and controlled by an Arduino based development board. It receives control commands from a bespoke Bluetooth app, allowing to select different servo operating modes. The system will be fully controllable from the Android device, allowing the user to manually adjust the position of the arm or running predefined algorithms in automatic mode. Experimental tests are conducted to evaluate the practical limitations of the robotic arm design coupled with the PCB circuitry used as a shield to control the system. The test results show that the system is capable of lifting weights up to 80g with a current draw of 970mA. The automatic control algorithm is found to operate for up to 12 minutes before encountering system bugs or overheating and proves to be a highly repeatable test system with a high level of adaptability. However, the 3D printed PETG is seen to wear over time; and therefore, a more suitable material is recommended to be utilized for fabrication.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) represents a serious health problem due to the complications it entails and its high mortality rate. Indeed, it is considered the most prevalent and is characterized by insulin resistance. The objective of this bibliographic review was to analyze the scientific evidence that describes the factors associated with DM2 in the indigenous population. Articles published in databases such as: Scopus, Scielo and Pubmed are considered. As well as information also published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that monitor public health. Among the factors associated with DM2 in the indigenous population, older age, female gender, obesity and arterial hypertension stand out. Added to the problem is that in the indigenous territory a high percentage of the population is illiterate and inequalities coexist as a result of social and cultural patterns. In fact, considering the risk factors associated with DM2 is essential to generate prevention strategies according to the context of each ethnic group to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by diabetes in indigenous groups.


The present work reports for the first time a novel synthesis procedure of a novel nanocomposite rGO/MOF to investigate its applicability to Penta-chlorophenol (5-CP) identification. The synthesized materials were characterized...


The influence of electric fields on the fluorescence of polycrystalline layers of thionaphthenindole has been studied by an electromodulation technique that allows internal electric fields to be accounted for the effect. The in‐phase first harmonic (1ω) and out‐of‐phase second harmonic (2ω) of the fluorescence response to a modulating (sinusoidal) electric field of frequency ω reveal different electric‐field behavior, the 2ω response providing nearly internal field‐free signal suitable for verification of theoretical models. Fluorescence quenching with this signal has been observed and attributed to electric‐field modulation of the probability of charge separation within an excited state as a precursor. It was found that fluorescence quenching data could not be well explained using theoretical models formulated by Onsager, Poole–Frenkel, and Noolandi–Hong–Popovic for the charge separation via delocalized charge‐transfer excitons. The macrotrap model which reconciles both the experimental data and their ph...


The Broadman Bible Commentary, Vol. V, ed. by Clifton Allen. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1971. 314 pp. «7.50. The Broadman Bible Commentary, Vol. VI, ed. by Clifton Allen. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1971. 460 pp. «7.50. People of the Steeple, by Ken Anderson. Waco, Texas: Word Books, 1971. 23 pp. «1.9~ Go Ask Alice, Anonymous. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1971. 159 pp. «4 .95. In Human Presence Hope, by James B . Ashbrook. Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1971. 220 pp. «6.95. Thomas Merton Social Critic, by James Thomas Baker. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1971. 173 pp. «8.00. The Life and Journeys of Paul, by Charles Ferguson Ball. Chicago: Moody Press, 1971. 253 pp. 95c. Daily Celebration, by William Barclay. Waco, Texas: Word Books, 1971. 316 pp. «4 .95. New Testament Word Studies, Volumes I and II , by John Albert Bengel. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1971. 925 pp. «29.95. Gaming, by Dennis Benson. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1971. 64 pp. «5 .95. Sin, by G. C. Berkouwer. Grand Rapids: Wm. B . Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1971. 567 pp. «9 .95. Living Courageously, by J . Allen Blair. Chicago: Moody Press, 1971. 251 pp. «3 .95. Christian Identity on Campus, edited by Myron B . Bloy. New York: Seabury Press, 1971. 127 pp. «2 .95 . Community On Campus, by Myron B . Bloy, Jr . New York: The Seabury Press, 1971. 153 pp. «3.50. Sermon Analysis For Pulpit Power, by H. C. Brown, Jr . Nashville: Broadman Press, 1971. 62 pp. 95c. Grace, Guts and Goods, by C. S. Calian. New York: Thomas Nelson Inc., 1971. 161 pp. «4.95. The Jesus Revolution, by William S. Cannon. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1971. 143 pp. «4.95. Christian Biopolitics, by Kenneth Cauthen. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1971. 156 pp. «4.00. Church Cooperation and Unity in America, by Samuel McCrea Cavert. New York: Association Press, 1970. 396 pp. «9 .95. Black Theology and Black Power, by James H. Cone. New York : The Seabury Press, 1969. 161 pp. «2 .95. An Introduction To Christian Missions, by Harold R. Cook. Chicago: Moody Press, 1971 reprint. 283 pp. «4.95. The Zondervan Pastors Annual, 1972, by T. T. Crabtree. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971. 379 pp. «4 .95. Red Star Over Cuba, by Don Crawford. Wheaton, 111: Tyndale House, 1971. 108 pp. No price given. Bible Study Source Book, by Donald E . Demaray. Grand Rapids : Zondervan Pub., 1964. 370 pp. «3 .95 . A First Reader in Biblical Theology, by Robert C. Dentan. New York: The Seabury Press, 1961. 268 pp. «2 .45.


The tracking of a ballistic missile in its re entry phase is a big defense challenge. The re entry vehicle leaves a quiet exo – atmospheric phase and a quasi – Keplerian motion to an endo – atmospheric phase with large aerodynamic loads and a sudden deceleration. The motion is then non – linear and the evolution of the drag is very difficult to predict. Though the re entry vehicle tracking is a non linear filtering problem there are several filters that are developed to solve this problem. Several researchers have attempted this problem using Linear squares filtering and Kalman filtering techniques. In this work, Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) technique is applied for Re-Entry Phase of Ballistic Missile Tracking Estimation and estimation parameters are generated and presented in this paper.


[Objective]To ensure the optimal inclusion technology for volatile oil of Biyuanshu granule.[Methods]With the evaluation index of the inclusion complex yield rate,the inclusion rate and the volatile oil rate in inclusion complex,the orthogonal test was employed to optimize the best inclusion technology.[Results]The optimal volatile oil inclusion technology was that the volatile oil was dropped in the mixture(the ratio of volatile oil toβ-cycle-dextrin was one to three),churning round by magnetic beater for 2.5 hours at 40℃.[Conclusion]This optimal inclusion technology is reasonable.


Staffordshire Safer Roads Partnership (SSRP) have evolved the 3 Es of Engineering, Education and Enforcement to the 3 Cs - Commissioning, Community and Culture - to meet the challenges of the current economic climate and greater public involvement in local decision making. Working closely with Staffordshire County Council, Staffordshire Police, Stoke-on-Trent City Council, Staffordshire Fire & Rescue Service, the Highways Agency, community groups, 3rd sector organisations and local business, SSRP has created a genuine partnering culture to achieve a progressive and holistic approach to road safety. The focus of SSRP is on casualty reduction whilst recognising that local communities need to be engaged in the decisions that impact them. The presentation will include examples for each of the 3 Cs: Commissioning - Delivering an appropriate solution to an identified road safety issue through a variety of partners and methods; Community - Working with a community to address concerns about road safety; and Culture - Creating an environment of increasing road safety awareness delivered by SSRP and its partners.


Self-sustaining d.c. arc discharges between solid metal electrodes at pressures down to 104 mm of mercury have been investigated. At pressures below a few millimetres of mercury, arcs on both refractory and non-refractory metals behaved like "cold cathode" arcs. "Spot-splitting" and "reverse driving" of the cathode spot were observed and a form of instability is described. Reverse driving of the cathode spot or spots by the magnetic field set up by the current in the electrodes themselves is suggested as the cause of the instability. A magnetic method of stabilizing the discharge is described, requiring an axial magnetic field of at least 500 G. A marked constriction of the positive column was caused with this value of field. The magnetically stablized discharge has been used experimentally to produce short welds on 1/8 in thick mild steel plate at 1 μ of mercury pressure using about 40 A at 30 V.


The purpose of this research is to assess the financial performance of Malaysian Healthcare companies using the multi-criteria and decision-making method, namely technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The financial data of 20 companies in 2019 are retrieved from Datastream. For many years, ratios of financial aspects have been employed to analyse the companies' financial performance. However, some studies indicate that the traditional ratio analysis is insufficient to measure a firm's financial performance. Thus, this paper employs the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, or simply TOPSIS, to gain a more comprehensive result. The TOPSIS approach involves seven steps, utilizing significant ratios in financial aspect such as debt ratio, debt to equity ratio, current ratio, return on equity (ROE), acid-test ratio, earnings per share (EPS), and return on asset (ROA), as the criteria to evaluate the companies' financial performances. The result of this study ranks 20 healthcare companies in Malaysia and makes recommendations for investment-worthy companies to the investors, allowing the maximization of investment benefits. The results from this research are crucial for investors, companies, market participants, public and private policymakers to enhance their investment decision-making.


ABSTRACT Evolutionary theory suggests that natural selection should favor the ability of animals to modify their offspring sex ratios when the fitness benefits of producing one sex over the other vary in relation to environmental conditions. The Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus) is an extreme habitat specialist, with breeding behavior influenced by the tidal cycle. The challenges of nesting in the harsh environment of salt marshes and the unique promiscuous mating system of the Saltmarsh Sparrow provide a context for offspring sex ratio manipulation. We investigated adaptive sex ratio manipulation in this system across multiple sites and years using a mixed modeling approach. We collected data on nest initiation and nestling survival from 370 nests of 210 females during 2011–2015 in 4 marshes in the northeastern United States. Using molecular techniques, we determined the sex of 990 offspring and characterized variation in site- and population-level sex ratios. Using binomial linear mixed-effects models, we tested the influence of environmental, temporal, and maternal factors on offspring sex ratios. Across years and sites, we found an even offspring sex ratio of 1.03:1, with an alternating pattern of interannual variation between male and female bias at both the population and site level. The fluctuating sex ratio mirrored that of the adult sex ratio in the preceding year. Sex ratios did not vary as a function of timing of breeding within the breeding season or in relation to tidal flooding. Offspring sex was also independent of female condition at the time of nest initiation. Taken together, our findings suggest that female Saltmarsh Sparrows do not manipulate the sex ratio of their clutches in relation to environmental, temporal, or maternal factors. Our finding of a 1:1 offspring sex ratio and interannual variation in offspring and adult sex ratios in a wild bird population is more consistent with the predictions of Fisher (1930) than with those of Trivers and Willard (1973).


A functional foot wrapper is provided, which emits far infrared rays on the central portion of the sole of the foot and thus promotes metabolism as well as circulation of blood. The functional foot wrapper used for protecting the foot of a wearer, includes a main body having a predetermined width and length to surround the foot of the wearer, and a far infrared emitter housed in the main body for emitting massive far infrared rays. The main body includes a first cloth on the upper surface of which the far infrared emitter is located, a second cloth which is coupled with the lower surface of the first cloth, and a third cloth which is coupled with the upper surface of the first cloth, to thereby wrap the central portion of the sole of the foot and the instep of the foot.


The aim of this article is to separate out and justify two means of proving manslaughter by an unlawful (and dangerous) act. One is manslaughter by an act of intended bodily harm. The other is manslaughter by an unlawful and dangerous act. Some historical authority for these two kinds of unlawful act manslaughter is established, but the line of argument centres on the separate justifications for each kind. The justification for manslaughter by an act of intended bodily harm centres on the relationship between intention and luck. The justification for manslaughter by an unlawful and dangerous act concentrates on the distinction between negligence and heedlessness. This article concludes that manslaughter by an act of intended bodily harm may be justifiable, but that this may be possible where death is caused through any advertent crime. This is with a view to potential development or reform through the courts or Law Commission.


We report the observation, by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), of a graphite intercalation compound (GIC) formed by a new mechanism. Ni films with a nominal thickness of 2.5 monolayers were sputter deposited onto single-crystal 6H-SiC (0001) substrates heated to 600 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in an ultrahigh-vacuum STM system. When the substrates are annealed to 800--1000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the formation of islands is observed by STM. The islands were \ensuremath{\sim}0.3 \ensuremath{\mu}m in diameter, \ensuremath{\sim}30 nm high, and separated by 5 \ensuremath{\mu}m from each other, with an exceptionally flat top with a peculiar ``stitched'' surface structure. A second type of island, \ensuremath{\sim}1.5 \ensuremath{\mu}m in diameter, \ensuremath{\sim}10 nm high, and separated by \ensuremath{\sim}10 \ensuremath{\mu}m from each other, was observed by AFM and SEM. Microspot AES showed that the first islands are composed of Ni and C, while the second islands are composed of Ni, C, and Si. AES line shape studies showed that the C in both types of islands is graphitically bound. AES line shape analysis of the carbon in the substrate (SiC) verified carbidic binding. From comparisons to the literature, we believe that the first islands are a new type of GIC. An indexing of Ni on the top graphite sheets is presented for each anneal temperature.


Memristors are among emerging technologies with many promising features, which makes them suitable not only for storage purposes but also for computations. In this work, focusing on in-memory computations, we first present our semi-serial IMPLY-based adder and perform an extensive analysis of its merits. In addition to providing a favorable balance between the number of steps and number of memristors, a key property of the presented adder is its compactness as compared to the state-of-the-art adders. Next, using our semi-serial adder, we propose an IMPLY-based multiplier. We show that the proposed multiplier is more than $\mathbf {5\times }$ better than other works based on the figure of merit which gives equal weight to the number of steps (i.e., speed) and required die area. Additionally, we provide a deeper insight into IMPLY-based arithmetic units, their properties, design characteristics, and advantages or disadvantages compared to one another by proposing new figures of merit and performing comprehensive comparative analyses. This facilitates the process of design, or selection, of suitable units for the design engineers and researchers in the field.


With low student learning motivation, a teacher must be creative so that students can have a more optimal learning motivation than before. One way to optimize student motivation is to use Gamification Learning. Gamification is a process that aims to change non-game contexts, one of which is in teaching and learning activities to be more attractive by integrating game mechanics, aesthetics, and thinking to motivate students in the learning process. Gamification includes game design elements, including points, scoreboards, badges, and challenges. This study uses a literature review research method that collects data from journals, books, and several other scientific sources relevant to this research topic. The results obtained are Gamification Learning can optimize students learning motivation.


The Large Hadron Collider required the modification of the existing extraction channel in the long straight section (LSS) 6 of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), including the suppression of the electrostatic wire septa. The newly set up fast extraction will be used to transfer protons at 450 GeV/c as well as ions via the 2.9 km long transfer line TI 2 to Ring 1 of the LHC. The girder of the existing SPS DC septa was modified to accommodate a new septum protection element. Changes were also applied to the septum diluter in the fast extraction channel in LSS4, leading to the other LHC ring and the CNGS facility. The requirements and the layout of the new LSS6 extraction channel will be described including a discussion of the design and performance of the installed septum diluters.


The Montgomery algorithm has been widely used in modern cryptography because it is effective for modular exponentiation. However, it is not efficient when used for just a few modular multiplications. Inefficiency is due to the large overhead involved in the residue transformation of arguments. A new modular multiplication method using the Montgomery reduction algorithm is presented which can eliminate the demerit of the Montgomery algorithm in the case of just a few modular multiplications.


Abstract : A proposed rule to implement Section 183(e) of the Clean Air Act amendments (1990) will further restrict the volatile organic compound (VOC) content of rust-preventing coatings. Thermal spray polymers represent one option for protecting steel structures while complying with the new VOC restrictions. Thermal spray technology can apply polymer coatings to many different substrate materials at various thicknesses and under wide range of ambient conditions. Potential benefits of thermal spray polymers could be extended by blending post-consumer commingled polymers (PCCP) into coating feedstock materials; thermal spray polymers have the potential both to lower material costs and reduce the volume of the solid waste stream. This research investigated and demonstrated high-molecular weight and commingled/post-consumer recycled polymer blends as low-VOC thermal spray coatings. It is concluded that the incorporation of PCCP into virgin thermal spray polymer is associated with some loss of coating performance. Also, cost savings resulting from blending 25 percent PCCP with 75 percent virgin polymer are insignificant compared to the total cost of a recoating job using other VOCcompliant systems. Therefore, the blends investigated here probably will not have significant commercial usefulness, and they are not recommended for corrosion protection of steel structures.


In this paper the main issues of a Smart Space design are discussed with particular attention to different hierarchical abstraction level fusion tasks and to context information representation. General definitions are given to identify a common framework to explore Smart Space problems. On these bases a general architecture is defined along with its functionalities and a practical example is outlined to demonstrate the implementation possibilities of the logical architecture.


Abstract In the colour Towers of Hanoi problem, three pegs are arranged as a circle and n black and white discs are stacked on a peg in increasing sizes with the largest disc at the bottom. The objective is to move these n discs to a specified peg subject to the restrictions of the standard problem; in addition, white and black discs may move clockwise and counterclockwise respectively only. A simple iterative solution to this complex problem is presented. The necessary and sufficient conditions which uniquely define the sequences of disc moves are also discussed.


Green leafy vegetables (GLV) are rich sources of micronutrients, which have many health benefits and have the potential to combat the problem of malnutrition. However, domestic processing and cooking alter the nutrient contents. To study the retention of xanthophylls after processing, ten different GLV which are commonly available and regularly consumed, were analysed for total carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and violaxanthin in both raw and cooked forms. In the unprocessed GLV, the lutein content on dry basis ranged from 341 mg/kg in Murraya koenigii to 959 mg/kg in Spinacia oleracea while zeaxanthin ranged from traces in Coriandrum sativum and Rumex acetosa to 15.45 mg/kg in Basella alba. In the case of violaxanthin, while it was not detectable in Hibiscus cannabinus, Amaranthus viridis had 794 mg/kg. The total carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and violaxanthin in the processed GLV varied based on the variety of leafy vegetable cooked and the method of cooking. Microwave cooking followed by steaming were the most recommended method, while deep frying drastically reduced the total carotenoids and xanthophyll content followed by sautéing with oil. Overall, different methods of cooking resulted in changes in the phytochemical composition which are due to various factors such as leaf matrix, cooking method, cooking time and temperature.


For a good two decades we have been hearing about a 'linguistic turn' in philosophy. This turn is based on the thesis that language is not just one more topic of philosophical interest among others, such as nature, history, art, and mathematics, that are dealt with by so-called Ijyphen-philosophies, philosophical disciplines of a second level, but is, as a condition of knowledge in general, the primary object of a prima philosophia. In Germany we have come to use a word that supposedly goes back to Nietzsche to sum up this transcendental role of language, a word for which other languages have trouble finding a concise equivalent. This slogan is that of the Nichthintergehbarkeit der Sprache, 'the nonunderpinnability of language' by nonverbal modes of cognition, as one might tentatively try to translate it. Thus, language has finally received an honor that most of the other topics I just mentioned have received at one time or another, from one philosophical school or another. Think of the philosophies that have promoted Life, History, Art, or Science to the status of the central philosophical theme. And just this fact is enough to make us a bit skeptical. Karl-Otto Apel (1963) went furthest in his now 20-year-old book on the idea of language in the humanistic tradition from Dante to Vico: Language, which cannot be based on nonverbal cognition and which is on the contrary constitutive for our knowledge.of the world, is our particular mother tongue. The categories of thpught thus lose their universality. They are not 'determined once and for all for all men'. They change from one 'historical linguistic community' to the next (1963: 26). In order to explain the happy fact that Japanese are most certainly capable of understanding and thinking productively in terms of Newton's physics and Descartes's philosophy, Apel claims that they must have previously taken over the 'mother tongue of the Western mind', which functions as the metalanguage of modern physics and metaphysics. This view exhibits a wide variety of holes:


Many concepts of external magnetic field applications in crystal growth processes have been developed to control melt convection, impurity content and growing interface shape. Especially, travelling magnetic fields (TMF) are of certain advantages. However, strong shielding effects appear when the TMF coils are placed outside the growth vessel. To achieve a solution of industrial relevance within the framework of the  project inner heater-magnet modules (HMM) for simultaneous generation of temperature and magnetic field have been developed. Global modelling was used to optimize the HMM configuration and process parameters. The successful growth of Ge and GaAs crystals in HMMequipped VGF, LEC and VCz pullers demonstrate the industrial feasibility of this project.


This paper presents a study of linguistic politeness in Palembang Malay language in Indonesia. It is a language spoken in South Sumatera, Indonesia, henceforth referred to as Palembangnese. The overall goal of this paper is to contribute to the wider literature on the use of directives. However, in particular, this paper aims to enrich the current understanding of data from linguistic politeness in Palembangnese, especially the usage of Palembangnese when the students are making directives, both in their verbal interactions with each other and with their professors or lecturers. A large number of studies have been conducted on directives in relation to politeness in different languages. However, up to now, limited research concerning the politeness and the use of directives in Palembangnese has been conducted. Twenty Indonesian students in Indonesia were recruited as participants. The participants of this study were native Palembangnese speakers in Indonesia (PSinI). This research based its argument on a corpus data elicited by means of a Palembangnese version of Written Discourse Completion Tasks (WDCTs), demographic information questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed and focused on five major politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1978). The results of the study contribute to the increased understanding of politeness and the use of directives in Palembangnese. This present research contributes to teaching and learning in university settings by providing better understandings of the association between cultures, including beliefs and values, and politeness strategies of students from Palembangnese language backgrounds. Keywords—politeness; Palembangnese directives; pragmatic analysis; Written Discourse Completion Tasks (WDCTs); interview; University teaching and learning