The state of the art in the family of radio-frequency ion thrusters called RIT is discussed. The R D programs involved in these thrusters are reviewed, and the mode of operation of the RIT thrusters is described. The thruster hardware is examined, including the North-South Stationkeeping thrusters RIT 10 and RIT 15 and the primary propulsion thruster RIT 35. 22 refs.


Excerpt To the editor: The article by Dr. Waitzkin in the August issue (Ann Intern Med89:264-278, 1978) is an interesting, well-organized critique of medicine in general. Particularly noteworthy ar...


The article is devoted to the rhetorical structure of the poems by M.Y. Lermontov. The subjective form of some romantic works creates a very specifi c model of the lyrical statement which can be defi ned as an open causal type of the argumentation.


The invention discloses a preparation method of surface functionalized porous irregularly-shaped microspheres, and relates to polymer microspheres. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding hydrophilic monomer, hydrophobic monomer and a cross-linking agent into a solvent; introducing nitrogen; then adding initiator solution; and continuously introducing nitrogen for reaction to obtain the porous irregularly-shaped microspheres, wherein the contents of the hydrophilic monomer, the hydrophobic monomer, the cross-linking agent, the solvent and the initiator solution are as follows in percentage by mass: the content of the hydrophilic monomer and the hydrophobic monomer is 1-20 percent; the content of the cross-linking agent is 1-5 percent of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer and the hydrophobic monomer; the content of initiator is 0.1-5 percent of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer and the hydrophobic monomer; the rest is the solvent; and the volume ratio of the hydrophilic monomer to the hydrophobic monomer is 1/10-1/3.


Through integrated analysis to the weapon material support elements of information flow, material flow, personnel flow and capital flow, this paper formed the civil-military integrated weapon material support system based on network and information. Civil-military integrated weapon material support operation mechanism is established through the aspects of management operation, support mobilization, quality supervision, market competition, regulations and standards and safety insurance, which provide powerful motive force and reliable guarantee for the improvement of civil-military integrated weapon material support.


For a well produced at a constant flow rate the inner boundary condition remains the same during production and shut-in periods. The flow rate on the well is only changing from some constant value (production) to zero (shut in). In this case the principle of superposition of solutions can be used to determine the pressure distribution throughout the reservoir for any moment of time. This method cannot be used to determine the buildup pressures for a well produced at a constant bottom-hole pressure. This work uses an approximate equation for the pressure drop in the reservoir at production time as an initial pressure distribution for the shut-in period. In order to determine the buildup pressures after the production period, the solution of the diffusivity equation was used that describes the pressure change on the axis of a cylindrical body with a known initial pressure distribution placed in an infinite medium at a constant initial pressure.


This study considers a vertical well producing initially without sand control technique in sandstone reservoir in the Niger Delta region. The study uses the data and information of two wells and applied PROSPER to numerically quantify the impact of the extra flow restriction caused by the gravel pack and slotted liner systems respectively. Well model was constructed and several simulations runs performed on key influencing production parameters (production rates, superficial velocities, skin development, pressure losses) and sand control design variables (gravel pack length, gravel pack permeability, slot height and slot width). The study involved two different sand control for two wells (Well X1 and Well X2) which were similarly completed and subjected to the same reservoir and operational conditions. The influence of sand control parameters on the vertical lift performance and inflow performance characteristics of the wells were analyzed at varying first node pressure (500psig – 1400psig). The solution node was set at bottom hole to enable proper diagnosis of the influence of the sand control options on the VLP/IPR relationships. At base case scenario, the gravel pack oil and gas production rates were 8010.0STB/day (ORAT) and 6.008MSCF/day (GRAT) at a flowing bottomhole pressure of 4231.38Psig while the slotted liner was 8010.0STB/day (ORAT) and 6.008MSCF/day (GRAT) at a flowing bottomhole pressure of 4231.38Psig at a flowing bottomhole pressure of 4231.38Psig of 3902.46Psig. The resulting skin due to sand control were 0.0070375 and 0.18 respectively. Result shows that Slotted Liners provides better sand control than gravel packs but causes more pressure drop in the system due to sand control method. Furthermore, Gravel pack permeability and length and slot dimensions have most remarkable influence on the pressure drop due to sand control and can play a crucial role in the choice and design of any gravel pack system and slotted liners respectively. It's advisable or better that Gravel pack permeability should not exceed 500000md for optimal performance as a sand control device. The work recommends the use of higher slot width to slot height for more efficient production using slotted liners while smaller gravel permeability could be preferred for better sand control with gravel pack systems.


An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained to recognize a buy/sell (long/short) pattern for a particular commodity future contract. The Back-Propagation of errors algorithm was used to encode the relationship between the Long/Short desired output and 18 fundamental variables plus 6 (or 18) technical variables into the ANN. Trained on one year of past data the ANN is able to predict long/short market positions for 9 months in the future that would have made $10,301 profit on an investment of less than $1000.


Anionic pollutants in water, especially radioactive iodide, have gained attention because of their adverse toxic side effects on humans. Recently, an exotic biobased amino acid, 4-amino cinnamic ac...


The method includes following steps: two methods for limiting speed and releasing users are used at network side to control the up stream and down stream overloaded congestion by sharing one OLC action timer; if the overloaded congestion occurs at one direction of up stream and down stream, the OLC timer will be started, and when the timer overtimes, an OLC action will be triggered; then resetting automatically; in an OLC action, the decisions are separately made for up stream overloaded congestion and down stream overloaded congestion; if the overloaded congestion truly exists, the decisions are made for each up stream overloaded congestion or down stream overloaded congestion, and then the relevant operation will be executed.


Objective To introduce the technique of surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve(TOF/APV) Methods From January 1985 to September 2000, 13 patients with TOF/APV underwent surgical correction at our hospital Results The post operative mortality was 7 7% (1/13) with no later death Surgical complications included low cardiac output in 3 cases, pericardial effusion in 1 case Eight patients suffered from pulmonary regurgitation (5 mild, 2 moderate, 1 severe with congestive heart failure) during the follow up of 1-3 years after surgery Conclusions We recommend that older children can be treated electively,while infants should be treated early The technique of partial resecting and plicating of dilated pulmonary artery and pulmonary valve implantation may improve outcome in patients with airway compression


This study revealed and characterised the presence of the antioxidant enzymes paraoxonase (PON) type 1 (PON‐1, extracellular) and type 2 (PON‐2, intracellular) in boar semen. To evaluate PON‐1, an entire ejaculate from each of ten boars was collected and the seminal plasma was harvested after double centrifugation (1,500g for 10 min). Seminal plasma was analysed for concentration as well as enzymatic activity of PON‐1 and total cholesterol levels. Seminal‐plasma PON‐1 concentration ranged from 0.961 to 1.670 ng/ml while its enzymatic activity ranged from 0.056 to 0.400 IU/ml, which represent individual variance. Seminal‐plasma PON‐1 concentration and enzymatic activity were negatively correlated (r = −0.763; P < 0.01). The activity of seminal‐plasma PON‐1 negatively correlated with ejaculate volume (r = −0.726, P < 0.05), but positively correlated with sperm concentration (r = 0.654, P < 0.05). Total seminal‐plasma cholesterol concentration positively correlated with PON‐1 activity (r = 0.773; P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with PON‐1 concentration (r = −0.709; P < 0.05). The presence of intracellular PON‐2 was determined via immunocytochemistry in spermatozoa derived from artificial insemination. PON‐2 localised to the post‐acrosomal area of the sperm head and principal piece of the tail in membrane‐intact spermatozoa. In summary, PON is present in boar semen, with PON‐1 at low levels in seminal plasma and PON‐2 within the spermatozoa. Further studies are needed to characterise the relationship between antioxidant PONs with sperm and other seminal‐plasma parameters. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 58–65, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This research paper was carried out to investigate the role of consumer behavior in marketing. Aims of the study are to find the role of consumer behavior in marketing and problems facing the consumer behavior in South Sudan. Researcher used qualitative and quantitative methods for collected data and data was analyzed by statistical package for social science (SPSS). Key findings: the study revealed that the consumer behavior is important in marketing, marketing making customer aware, motivation is the primary drive to purchase decision, cultural factors have strong influence on consumer buyer behavior, marketing plays an important role in economic development, consumer behavior has an important role in improving the standards of living people, respondents agreed that advertisement helps promote new products in the market. In South Sudan there is no consumer behavior protection law.  Major recommendations: the researcher has reached to a numbers of important recommendations: government should introduce laws for protection of the consumer's right, government should increase the income of the workers to improve their living life, the government should stabilize the market prices or reduce taxes rate, and government should provide standard of quality directorate with standard lab for quality. Conclusion: the challenges that are facing consumer behavior in South Sudan includes of factors such as, low supply of goods and services, instability of prices and market fluctuation , low income of the consumer, lack of knowledge to meet the consumers needs and wants, lack of market research, social factors play an essential role in influencing the buying decision of consumers, the most important role of marketers in making a product successful is to meet consumer needs, Information helps in understanding the behavior of the consumers.


The paper discusses the problem of dependency between errors defined by specification and the related problem of test optimization. There is a dependency between errors if a strict subset of errors exists such that any nonconforming implementation (i.e. an implementation containing an error) contains an error from this subset. Accordingly, it is sufficient for the tests to detect errors only from this subset. The most general formal model of test interaction and the reduction type of conformance are suggested, for which dependency between errors is almost absent. Most of the known conformances in various interaction semantics are demonstrated to be special cases of this general model. In this general model, the dependency between errors may occur when any strict subset of the class of all implementations is chosen as a class of implementations under testing. Particular interaction semantics and/or various hypotheses on implementations (specifically, the safety hypothesis), in fact, assume that the implementation under testing should belong to some subclass of (safe) implementations.


BRIAN L. FRYE'S A REASONABLE MANIn the late 1990s and early 2000s, Brian Frye became a significant figure in New York City in the downtown experimental film world: active as a filmmaker, but also as a writer and curator. With Bradley Eros, Frye was the co-founder and programmer of the Robert Beck Memorial Cinema. This scrappy lower east side venue offered regular weekly space for avantgarde, experimental, and underground filmmakers and video artists who were hardly strangers to scrappy. The venue bore the name of a WWI soldier who shed his debilitating shell shock while at the movies, a story that begs retelling. Frye's and Eros's programming at the Robert Beck Memorial Cinema was as oblique and obscure as their reference to Beck.Their use of Robert Beck as a figurehead is telling. A striking event in one man's life is found, abstracted from its subject, taken into the hands of of Frye and Eros, then bent to their purpose. Finding; liking; bringing into a created space; then dispersing to others is a sequence that feels embedded in much of Frye's filmmaking. He leans toward marginal images, like those in the Civil War reenactment witnessed in Across the Rappahannock (2002); or visual experiences that are puzzling, like a random rural house burning among lush, trembling weeds in Late Summer (2011). Frye is also drawn to ephemeral images, like the pinhole flashes of fireflies circling in front of gravestones in Lachrymae (2000). Mostly, Frye investigates dispassionately what he sees in what he finds. And while his films or videos can look made off-the-cuff, they are clearly the work of a clever and thoughtful artist. Fred Camper has put it this way: "[Frye's] unassuming, almost offhanded work points toward an intellectual cinema that questions the ways we see and know the world."1 As in Lachrymae, which personifies the lightness of summer twilight in the fireflies and the oppression of death in the tombstones, Frye's films and videos often turn around themselves in self-awareness to surprising and sometimes heady effect.A Reasonable Man (2011) is such a piece. Frye sets up a layered aesthetic effect from the start of this work to make viewers' encounters with it a challenge. Its components - what is seen, heard, and, to a lesser extent, read - enter into Frye's work separately. Their partial independence from each other creates an artistic situation that is out of joint and without clear context. This intended dissonance pressures viewers accustomed to clarity to figure out what is "true" and "real" in the ethereal images and sounds seen and heard in Frye's work.Such a test touches on larger theoretical questions. It may at first, for example, open up the postmodern Pandora's box about truth and whether it exists. But the issue that is more honed and relevant to Frye's work is a particular epistemological question: if we start with the assumption that truth does exist and can be represented in a work of film or video, how do we go about reliably extracting that truth from that visual media? A Reasonable Man is set in a particular legal context, and the answer to that question will have real and immediate effects on two men's lives.The title A Reasonable Man comes from an abstract legal notion of human conduct against which liability may be weighed. This "reasonable man" (or person) is an imaginary composite individual who supposedly reflects the prevailing values of the community enough to establish what actions are reasonable in situations where the public might face harm. Frye's title takes this definition and re-casts it into a question about how truth about one man's conduct can be established through specific video evidence.The only clear information provided to viewers of A Reasonable Man is the title at the beginning and the filmmaker's name at the end. All else is obscured by mechanical, personal, even cultural intervention. Frye's work starts with the white words of the title fading in from a basic black background. …


Visual cryptography is data security technique which allows visual information to be encrypted in such away that their decryption can be performed by human visual system. Visual secret sharing scheme encode a secret image into some shares which separately reveal no knowledge about the secret information. The share are obtained using basic visual (2, 2) scheme. The visible image is first converted into halftones shares using halftone error diffusion method. Then secret image is encoded into halftone shares carrying significant visual information. Shares are distributed to participants and then they are super imposed to reveal the secret. In this paper work, the visual quality of recovered secret images obtained after different error diffusion techniques is analysed with respect to PSNR, NCC, MSE and UQI. On analysis it is found that results of recovered secret image are better when errors are distributed uniformly to each of neighboring pixels in both forward and backward direction in the image.


A CMOS based 4-bit Flash Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) design with reduced number of comparators than the conventional Flash Analog to Digital Converter and multiplexer based architecture is proposed. For improving the conversion rate, both the analog and digital parts of the ADC are fully modified and the architecture uses only 4 comparators instead of 15 as used in conventional flash ADC, thus saving considerable amount of power. The proposed 4-bit ADC is designed and simulated in TANNER tools with 1.2 V supply voltage using TSpice simulation.


Federal funding and direction routinely lead to research and development breakthroughs in science, medicine, and defense, among other fields. Witness the recent debate over federal funding of stem-cell research, during which supporters of stem-cell research emphasized that federal funding tends to draw the best scholars to a field. So why do research programs funded by the U.S. Department of Education continue to disseminate research that is barely respected by serious scholars? Many academics and policy-makers consider the education research sponsored by the National Science Foundation or the National Institutes of Health to be more rigorous and scientifically sound than the research emanating from the Department of Education's Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI). Likewise, the department's Planning and Evaluation Service (PES), tasked with evaluating the performance of federal education programs like Title I, has a mixed record of developing sound and timely information on program quality. As policymakers look to redesign or replace many of the basic federal education programs established during the 1960s, they face mounds of Department-produced research to guide them, but much of it is of limited value. This is a problem that has cut across the decades, during both Republican and Democratic administrations. With OERI up for reauthorization by Congress, this seems like the perfect time to revisit the federal role in research and development. The Centers and Labs Federal education research and development has been fragmented and disorganized for most of its history. In an effort to address these problems, in the mid-1960s the government created two complementary sets of institutions intended to promote more coordinated, long-term, large-scale education research and development: the Research and Development Centers and the Regional Educational Laboratories. However, most of their work turned out to be (and continues to be) short term and small scale. They tend to focus on small, individual research projects rather than supporting large-scale development and evaluations of alternative techniques and programs for helping all children to succeed in school. The value of their research and development efforts has been routinely criticized, yet the share of research funding devoted to the centers and laboratories rose under both the National Institute of Education and its successor, OERI. The labs used their lobbying arm, the Council for Educational Development and Research, to protect their budgets even as funding for research proposed by individual scholars and other initiatives was disappearing or was dramatically curtailed during the Reagan years. As funding for OERI grew through the 1990s, a large share continued to go to the centers and labs or to activities only loosely related to research or development, such as distributing funds for introducing more technology in the classrooms (see Figure 1). Neither the recent OERI third-year assessment of the centers nor the PES third-year review of the labs was a thorough or totally objective evaluation of the R&D contributions of these institutions. The results were also not made available to the public or to policymakers in a timely or convenient manner. Yet in the closing months of the Clinton administration, OERI made a last-minute decision to fund some of the existing centers for another five years and offered new five-year contracts to the labs--when the agency hasn't even been reauthorized by Congress yet. It might make some sense to extend existing center or lab grants for another year while awaiting OERI reauthorization, but the decision to make long-term commitments to these institutions, based on inadequate evaluations and before Congress has even signaled its willingness to continue to fund them, seems quite misguided. To be sure, the sheer paucity of funding places a serious limit on the quality of federally funded education research and evaluation, yet this hardly explains all the problems of education research and evaluation today. …


In this paper we aim to generalize results obtained in the framework of fractional calculus due to reformulating them in terms of operator theory. In its own turn, the achieved generalization allows us to spread the obtained technique on practical problems connected with various physical and chemical processes. More precisely, a class of existence and uniqueness theorems is covered, the most remarkable representative of which is the existence and uniqueness theorem for the Abel equation in a weighted Lebesgue space. The method of proof corresponding to the uniqueness part is worth noticing separately: it reveals properties of the operator as well as properties of the space into which it acts and emphasizes their relationship.


Progress in the construction of a millimeter-wave power amplifier using an array of field-effect transistors and a novel quasi-optical power combining technique is reported. Experimental results from microwave models of the circuits are presented.


This bachelor thesis deals with a power analysis of two-sample parametric and nonparametric mean tests. In the theoretical part, parametric tests, concretely, two-sample z-test, two-sample t-test, two-sample Welch's t-test, and two-sample nonparametric Wilcoxon test, are introduced. Furthermore, there are derivations of the power curves of the individual tests and relations for the minimum range of data set. The practical part consists of the power analysis in the statistical program R where we compare the power of the tests on simulated data.


Interventions connecting school and clinical practice can align requirements and enhance learning outcomes. Current models and theories of clinical learning leave gaps in our knowledge about how learning processes and outcomes can be optimized by schools. In this paper, we discuss findings about threats and opportunities in the use of school standards, tools, and support in clinical learning, including underlying mechanisms, in the context of nursing education. Opportunities include competency frameworks that can challenge students to push their limits despite a task-oriented ward culture. Assignments and tools can deepen students' understanding of patient care, help them compare different experiences and stimulate self-regulated learning. Threats include rigid performance criteria that guide students' selection of learning opportunities, extensive written formats, and individualization of self-regulated learning. These threats can lead to added workload and disengagement. Based on the critically constructed argument that the role of schools in clinical learning should be acknowledged in the literature, we present a conceptual model to do so. The use of this model provides design principles for learning environments at the interface of school and practice within health professions education. Eventually, learning outcomes can be achieved efficiently without unnecessary interference with students' engagement in patient care and student-supervisor interactions.


The conflict in the Middle East had its origin with the creation of the state of Israel. The legitimate emergence of this new political entity has its consequences in our current world situation, causing it to still be an unresolved problem. The article proposes to review the origin of the conflict in the Middle East paying special attention to the main historiographical debates.


Historically, the ASME B&PV Code, Section VIII, Division 2, Alternative Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels (Div.2), ASME [1], was usually considered applicable only for large, thick walled pressure vessels. Otherwise, ASME B&PV Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels (Div. 1), ASME [2], was typically applied. A case can also be made for the application of the Div. 2 Code Section for some vessels of lesser thicknesses. Each vessel should be closely evaluated to ensure the appropriate choice of Code Section to apply. This paper discusses some of the differences between the Div. 1 and Div. 2 Code Sections, summarizes some of the main design requirements of Div. 2, and presents a ease for considering its use for design conditions not usually considered by some, to be appropriate for the application of Div. 2 of the ASME Code.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Overlapping anterior sphincter repair is the accepted treatment for faecal incontinence resulting from sphincter disruption, however, wound breakdown has been reported to occur in up to 30% of patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether the type of wound closure affected the incidence of wound breakdown, and in particular whether island flap perineoplasty decreased this incidence.


There is increasing awareness of the needs of parents who have a learning disability with the emphasis being on the requirement to provide 'good enough' parenting to their children. This paper explores these issues and considers how these parenting needs might be addressed.


PATENT enameled wire to one kind of apparatus comprises a frame, and the reciprocating mechanism to patent leather lift mechanism; PATENT means to two symmetrically disposed on the frame; and each mechanism includes a coat of paint to a motor, a spring, a pressing cylinder, a coat of paint to a grinding wheel and a motor mounting plate; said motor is fixed to the motor mounting plate, to patent leather wheel mounted on lower end corner portion of the motor mounting plate; pressing cylinders acting on the upper acting end of the motor mounting plate, the spring acting on the upper portion of the motor mounting plate; motor mounting plate corresponds to the upper end PATENT wheel rotatably connected to the vertical plate of the frame; an output shaft of the motor and the drive wheel is connected to PATENT; lift mechanism comprises a reciprocating shuttle acting cylinder, the reciprocating air cylinder fixedly mounted above the mounting seat, and acting on the mount, and reciprocates in the vertical direction in the vertical. The program solves the prior art patent leather enameled wire to low efficiency, affecting production, and likely to cause harm to human problems.


Purpose: Radiopharmaceutical Therapy (RPT) is one of the effective methods for pain palliation of bone metastases. Bone marrow is a critical organ in bone structure whose absorbed dose should be kept below a certain threshold. The purpose of this study was to calculate and compare absorbed doses of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals used in the palliative treatment of bone metastases. Materials and Methods: In this study, the GATE Monte Carlo code was used to simulate a femur bone, which consists of bone marrow, endosteal layer, bone, and soft tissue phantom model. Absorbed doses of the SmEDTMP, SrCl2, Lu-EDTMP, Re-HEDP, and RaCl2 radiopharmaceuticals were calculated in the femur phantom compartments. Results: bone absorbed doses per disintegration from alpha particles of RaCl2 is approximately 24 times higher than absorbed doses from beta particles of SrCl2. Also, absorbed dose per disintegration from beta particles of SrCl2 in the bone is approximately 12, 6 and 1.5 times higher than Lu-EDTMP, Sm-EDTMP, and ReHEDP, respectively. Moreover, the bone and bone marrow absorbed dose from beta particles of Sm-EDTMP is approximately 2 times higher than Lu-EDTMP. Besides, absorbed dose per disintegration from beta particles of Re-HEDP in the bone marrow is approximately 40, 30, 7, and 4 times higher than RaCl2, SrCl2, LuEDTMP and Sm-EDTMP, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show that RaCl2 could be a more efficient radiopharmaceutical for radionuclide therapy of bone metastases. Also, Lu-EDTMP, due to low marrow toxicity and comparable bone absorbed dose with Sm-EDTMP, can be used for achieving bone pain palliation. Moreover, significantly high bone marrow absorbed dose of Re-HEDP should be considered for palliative therapy of metastatic bone patients.


ABSTRACT The effect of W-Mo balance and boron nitrides (BN) on creep rupture ductility has been investigated for five heats of 9% Cr steel with 1.5% Mo equivalent, 0.003% boron and 0.05% nitrogen at 600oC, 650oC and 700oC. The maximum time to rupture was 68,718 h at 650oC. The reduction of area (RA) slightly decreases for up to about 8000 and 1000 h at 600 and 650oC, respectively, while it significantly decreases above those. The BN particles are responsible for the degradation in RA at low stresses and long times by accelerating the formation of creep voids. At high stresses and short times, the RA decreases with increasing time to rupture and with increasing W concentration and concomitantly with decreasing Mo concentration. The rupture ductility is evaluated by using a semi-logarithmic diagram of the RA and total elongation, showing the necking dominant and void swelling dominant regions.


This paper proposes a novel wavelet-based algorithm for the fusion of multi-exposed images. The luminance inversion is suppressed by introducing the brightness of input images into the well-exposedness weight. The weight is used to fuse the approximate sub-bands of the input images in the wavelet domain. At the same time, the detail sub-bands of the input images are fused by the adjusted contrast weight to avoid losing details around the strong edges. Besides, a novel enhancement function was proposed to enhance the contrast of the fused image. The experiments illustrate that the proposed method is able to effectively preserve details, enhance contrast, and maintain consistency with the luminance distribution of the input images.


Permeability is defined as ability of a rock, sediment, or soil to allow pore fluid and gases to pass through it. Permeability is one important parameter in site investigation and subsurface haracterization. Permeability on this research delivered from in-situ test which is falling head and packer test. Tests are
implemented on 5 m of soil or rock interval in line with drilling progress. Result of test then compared with available data on physical characteristics which is lithology, gamma-ray log, and density log. Lugeon generated from calculation could also benefit for interpretation of water flow in rock and condition of rock mass discontinuities. Permeability of soil in Serpong Formation range from 2.09E-4 to 1.00E-3 cm/s, classified as medium to high, and in Bojongmanik Formation range from 5.26E-6 to 3.83E-5 cm/s, classified as very low to low. In
groundwater characteristic of Serpong Formation is aquifer and Bojongmanik Formation is
aquiclude. Water flow characteristic in rock dominantly is turbulent, subsequently void filling
and laminar. Lugeon value of rock in DH-11 and DH-12 range from 0.3 to 1.46 or very tight
to tight in term of rock mass discontinuities.


Abstract:  The present study assesses the antinociceptive effect of melatonin in chemical behavioral models of nociception and investigates some of the mechanisms underlying this effect. Melatonin administered by intraperitoneal (i.p., 10–100 mg/kg), intracerebroventricular (i.c.v., 250–500 pmol/site) and intraplantar (i.pl., 30–100 ng/i.pl.) routes, reduced in a dose‐dependent manner the nociception caused by i.pl. injection of glutamate (10 μmol/paw), with mean ID50 values of 32.6 mg/kg, 200 pmol/site and 59 ng/i.pl., respectively. Furthermore, melatonin in the dose range of 10–100 mg/kg, i.p., reduced the neurogenic pain caused by i.pl. injection of capsaicin (5.2 nmol/paw) with inhibition of 48 ± 4%. The antinociceptive effect of melatonin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) on glutamate‐induced nociception was completely prevented by the pretreatment of animals with naloxone (a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), ketanserin (a preferential 5‐HT2A receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), sulpiride (a D2 receptor antagonist, 50 mg/kg, i.p.), l‐arginine (a precursor of nitric oxide, 600 mg/kg, i.p.), yohimbine (an α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, 0.15 mg/kg, i.p.) and luzindole (a preferential MT2 receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), but was not affected by the pretreatment with d‐arginine (an inactive isomer of l‐arginine, 600 mg/kg, i.p.), prazosin (an α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, 0.15 mg/kg, i.p.) or after bilateral adrenalectomy. Collectively, present results suggest that melatonin produces peripheral and central antinociception when assessed on capsaicin‐ or glutamate‐induced pain in mice through mechanisms that are likely mediated by interaction with plasma membrane‐bound melatonin receptors and modulated by opioid, serotonergic (5‐HT2A receptors), dopaminergic (D2‐receptors), adrenergic (α2−adrenoceptors) systems as well as the l‐arginine‐nitric oxide pathway.


In the United Kingdom, paediatric intensive care developed in an ad hoc fashion until the British Paediatric Association and the Paediatric Intensive Care Society expressed concerns and issued standards for paediatric intensive care [1]. Three levels of care are defined: level 1 is high-dependency care, level 2 refers to stable intubated children or unstable nonintubated patients with airway problems and level 3 to children who require complex therapy and nursing procedures in addition. In 1993, a working party of the British Paediatric Association identified the fragmented delivery of care indicating that almost a third of children were cared for on adult wards, only 51% on paediatric intensive care units and only 36% of these units had a retrieval service for critically ill children. Refusal rate for admission was 16% of the total annual admission rate. There was concern that medical and nursing staff had not received specific paediatric training and that staffing levels were too low [2]. These findings and the highly publicised death of a child led to the Department of Health setting up a national co-ordinating group in 1996 to develop a policy framework. This resulted in publication by NHS Executive in July 1997 of a 'Framework for the future of paediatric intensive care' [3], which it is hoped will enable achievement of a geographically integrated service [4]. The Framework report recommended that paediatric intensive care, a low-volume high-cost service, should no longer be provided in most District General Hospitals (DGHs). They suggested that, in the main, DGHs should only initiate care and then arrange for the transfer of all children needing continuous nursing supervision (level 2 or level 3 care) to 'Lead Centres'. The only exceptions would be centres providing specialist care (such as burns, neurosurgery and cardiac centres) and major acute general hospitals managing at least 500 adult and 50 children per year who would continue to provide level 2 but not level 3 care. One lead centre would be designated for each region serving at least half a million children aged between 0 and 16 years, that is for a total population of about three million. The co-ordinating group had to consider serious problems in delivery of care and had to draw together evidence on ways of achieving the best quality of care and outcome for critically ill children. The report accepted that there was little evidence in the UK on standards which provide the best outcome, but an action plan recommended that within 1 year of publication of the report children should no longer be looked after in the inappropriate location of general children's wards, that a retrieval service should be funded and staffed on a 24-h basis in each geographical area and that steps should be taken within 3 years to stop caring for children in centres which do not meet the standards set out in the report. Everybody will support any developments which arise from this report which increase the real resources and expertise available for the care of critically ill children. Some people have, however, expressed concern at the limited evidence drawn upon to support these proposals even though numerous problems identified over many years in the provision of paediatric intensive care did require attention. Informal and nonspecific methods were used to review the evidence and reach a consensus about the costs and effectiveness of change. What is the evidence that money would be well spent by centralising services? The push for centralisation of services is widespread. For example, it is underway in cancer care [5], recommended in the management of major trauma [6] and serious fractures [7] and is a priority for research in the NHS health technology research programme. One general belief is that centralisation will concentrate patient numbers into a few hospitals, leading to more experience, greater expertise and better outcomes. However, a positive relationship between volume and outcomes has not been shown to hold true generally [8], has been shown specifically not to hold in adult intensive care [9] and an inverse relationship with higher volumes leading to greater mortality has been suggested in paediatric trauma care [10]. In paediatric intensive care, the main evidence for a positive relationship between centralisation and outcomes has come from a comparison of Victoria State, Australia, and Trent Region in England [11]. Risk-adjusted mortality for admissions to the centralised Victoria paediatric intensive care service was shown to be approximately half that in the distributed Trent system. Unfortunately, the data were analysed by admissions rather than by children (Pearson, personal communication). All children admitted to local intensive care services and then transferred to central facilities (mainly in Victoria) were counted twice. Since risk scores were measured on admission, children may have been recorded in one risk group on first admission and then at a different risk score on admission to the second (central) unit. For example, in the risk model used in the main analysis, any child admitted to a local unit who deteriorated and their lings ventilated for the first time at the time of transfer or admission to a second central unit would have been recorded as being at 4.5 times the risk of death at the central facility than they were on admission to the local facility. If the child died they would not only be included twice, but both as a low-risk score survivor (from the local unit) and a high-risk score death (in the referral unit). If they had not been transferred, as would usually have been the case in Trent, they would of course have been included only once as a lowrisk score death. The size of any effect of this analysis by admission cannot be determined from the published report. Anaesthesia, 1998, 53, pages 1141–1143 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


The new spirit of cooperation that many expected between the new Bush Administration and the new 101st Congress didn't quite work out. There were quite a few confrontations between the two over the past year,particularly over how much money to spend on what programs. Still, there were enough areas of agreement on such issues as the need to finally get on with cleaning up the nation's air, to improve the country's science education system, and to remove potentially harmful pesticides speedily from the market that the second session of the 101st Congress may see the enactment of a number of pieces of legislation that have languished in the back halls of Congress for some time. In this annual preview, C&EN looks at some, but by no means all, of the issues affecting the chemical community to be addressed in the coming session of Congress. Budget. Will fiscal 1991 be the year in which Congress finally ...


Two field trials were conducted at Abeokuta and Ibadan with the aim of investigating the performance of upland rice (NERICAa¤¢i 2) in inland valley Rainforest / Savannah transitory zone of South West Nige- ria as influenced by tillage practise, seeding method and spacing. The trials were arranged in split-split plot fitted to randomised completely blocked design, replicated thrice. The main plot was tillage (minimum tillage and conventional); sub-plot was seeding method (dry dibble and transplanting) and the sub-sub plot was spacing (15 cm aa? 15 cm, 20 cm aa? 20 cm and 25 cm aa? 25 cm). Dry dibble had significantly more number of tillers, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation than transplanted rice at both locations. Most growth parameters, at both locations had a significant increase with increasing plant population density, except dry matter accumulation. At both locations, transplanted rice had a significant longer flowering and maturity duration than dibble method. In Abeokuta, conventional tillage had significantly longer panicle length than minimum tillage. Dry dibble method had significantly more number of panicle/m2 at Abeokuta, while significantly more number of grains/panicle was observed at Ibadan than transplanting. Increasing plant population density significantly depressed some yield com- ponents and yield at Ibadan.


Objectives: Automobile accidents related to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represent an important public health concern. Frequent arousal response during sleep is responsible for the symptoms of daytime sleepiness and an increased risk of automobile accidents in patients with OSA. We therefore investigated the potential relationships between the intensity of arousal and occurrence of automobile accidents in OSA. Methods: We determined the incidence of automobile accidents in the past 5 years among 51 men with OSA (age, 58.5 ± 10.4 years) using a questionnaire. Daytime sleepiness was rated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). We calculated an automobile accident score, with two points per automobile accident causing damage and one point per near miss. Standard polysomnography was performed for all patients, and arousals were classified as electroencephalographic (EEG) arousal of an abrupt shift in EEG frequency alone and Movement arousal, which was defined as EEG arousal with increased electromyographic activity persisting for ≥3 s. The number of EEG or Movement arousals per hour (arousal index) was determined. Results: The Movement arousal index was significantly greater in the 27 patients who experienced at least one automobile accident causing damage than in the resting 24 patients who had no history of automobile accidents. Multiple regression analysis including age, body mass index, and sleep parameters revealed that the Movement arousal index was the most significant factor of risk for automobile accidents (β = 0.563, P = 0.017) as well as the ESS score (β = 0.417, P = 0.022). Conclusion: Movement arousal during sleep contributes to daytime sleepiness and the resulting frequent involvement of OSA patients in automobile accidents.


Although initially introduced as a novel oral glucose-lowering agent class, cumulative evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have led sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) to become a component of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dapagliflozin, one of the agents of this class, was investigated in 2019 in patients with heart failure (HF) independent of being diagnosed with T2DM at baseline. Since then, many other studies in this class of drugs are being undertaken Herein, we aimed to review the RCTs, their subgroup and post-hoc analyses that examined the effects of SGLT2i on cardiovascular outcomes (including HF-related outcomes) in patients diagnosed with HF that were published until June 2020. We also summarized the ongoing trials that aim to assess the impact of SGLT2i on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HF and listed available guideline recommendations regarding the use of SGLT2i for cardiovascular disease management.


Optical networks with Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM), especially Optical Packet Switching (OPS) networks, have attracted much attention in recent years. Based on the very limited buffering capability of OPS network, this paper introduces a novel algorithm called united weight round robin(UWRR) for scheduling multi-services in the network. Then a simulation testbed is proposed and implemented to evaluate the latency performance of this algorithm. Simulation results are shown that, compared with traditional scheduling algorithms, UWRR both guarantees the scheduling priority of high class traffic and latency performance of other low class ones.


Flight Trials Twenty-three 45-minute flights have been made in a small high performance aircraft at cabin temperatures of 36-52°C globe. Five pilots were involved. Thirty-nine flights totalling 224 manhours and involving eight crew have been made in a large aircraft at cabin temperatures of 30-450C globe. Most subjects found the suit acceptable at globe temperatures up to 50°C for periods of 21-5 hours.


"Suffering in Silence : The Peasant History of Tamil Nadu" attempts to study the peasants' condition in the first five decades from 1900 to 1952 of the twentieth century amidst changing scenario both Political and Economic in Tamil Nadu. This present book is mainly based on primary sources and tries to holistically understand the status of peasants under the colonial rule and the attempts of many political organisations that tried to uplift them from their deplorable condition.


This book presents a comprehensive approach to the molecular genetics basis of breast cancer among Iranian women, and divided into five chapters. Part one introduces estrogen receptor genes and breast cancer, part two describe the methodology of screening polymorphisms, part three, briefly cover all results in ESRs polymorphisms and the last pat discuss association of these results with breast cancer risk.


A Liquisolid system is the one of the novel technique to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drug such as Nateglinide. In this technique liquisolid system refers to formulation of formed by water insoluble drug mix with non-volatile solvent which is further converted into free flowing, non adherent powder form and which is directly compressed into tablets. In that the propylene glycol is used as non-volatile solvent in which drug having high solubility, microcrystalline cellulose and aerosil (silica) acts as carrier and coating material in the ratio of 10:1 and 20:1 respectively. Sodium starch glycolate acts as superdisintegrants and magnesium stearate as glidant in liquisolid system. The prepared liquisolid system were evaluated to their flowing properties such as bulk density, tap density, Hausner's ratio, Carr's index, and angle of repose. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X Ray Diffraction (XRD) study show no interaction between the drug and excipients. Further tablets were evaluated hardness, diameter, thickness, weight variation, friability, disintegration test, uniformity of contents and in-vitro release study show liquisolid compact exhibited higher percentage of drug release than conventional and marketed tablets because of due to increase in wetting properties and surface availability for dissolution


The delayed neutron yield from /sup 235/U fission products has been observed to be several percent greater from highly /sup 235/U-enriched UO/sub 2/ than from highly enriched U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ over samples in the range of /sup 235/U weights employed (approximately 0.3 to 25 mg). This difference is not attributable to a neutron attenuation anomaly; rather, it seems to be the result of an influence of chemical structure.


The Bayesian statistical method is one of the two major forms of statistical analysis. This approach allows decision makers who have a prior assessment of the probability of some random event occurring to systematically update that probability as more information becomes available. The approach is also used in financial modeling to update the parameters of a model as new data become available. This article reviews the Bayesian methods, discusses the implications for asset management, and describes the limitations of this approach to statistical analysis.


Abstract In this paper we develop a closed-form and thus computationally highly efficient formula to approximate the value of fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Our modelling framework is based on reduced-form and prepayment-risk-neutral valuation techniques and offers two major extensions compared with existing closed-form approximation approaches: we include a stochastic baseline prepayment factor in our model and we are able to capture the usual S-shaped curve of the refinancing incentive by a piecewise linear approximation. We apply our model to GNMA pass-through securities and test it on a 10-year sample of monthly GNMA MBS market prices for a wide range of coupons.


This paper is devoted to the study of the embedded topology of reducible plane curves having a smooth irreducible component. In previous studies, the relationship between the topology and certain torsion classes in the Picard group of degree zero of the smooth component was implicitly considered. Here this relationship is formulated clearly and a criterion is given for distinguishing the embedded topology in terms of torsion classes. Furthermore, a method is presented for systematically constructing examples of curves where this criterion is applicable, and new examples of Zariski

 N
 N

-tuples are produced.


The paper describes an low rippled input current and output voltage buck convert.First, it show the reasons for producing ripple in switching DC power supply briefly and Formulations for intput rippled current and output rippled voltage.Base on it ,the pa-per show an new type buck circuit .Practice has verified the theoretical analysis.


In this dissertation we aim to provide a theoretical overview on the concept of organizational ambidexterity and to verify its rational validity. To achieve this aim we split the concept in its characteristic elements, in order to examine them in detail. This analysis follows a logical path, which reviews these fundamental elements step by step, up to the definition of the concept as a whole.
Organizational ambidexterity consists in a company's ability to be efficient and aligned, and at the same time to be also flexible and adaptive to environmental changes. It is commonly theorized that ambidextrous organizations are able to achieve sustainable growth by balancing the exploitation of current business factors with the exploration of new ones. In this assumption we may identify a set of main concepts: exploitation, exploration, sustainable growth and ambidextrous organization.
The analytical path of this paper consists of three parts, each focusing on a theoretical pillar. In the first part we go through the concepts of exploitation and exploration, and their possible complementarity, which is critical for their joint implementation. In the second part we will consider the concept of sustainable growth, in order to verify if the joint implementation of exploration and exploitation can actually be a source of sustainable growth. The last part is dedicated to how an ambidextrous organization can manage this joint implementation in order to ensure survival in the long term.
Through this theoretical overview on the concept of organizational ambidexterity we may con-firm its rational validity and thoroughly understand the righteousness of its purpose. At the same time we may also underline the complexity of organizational ambidexterity and its difficult application in management practice.


The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of the work environment on work discipline, the influence of the work environment on work morale and the indirect effect of the work environment on work morale through work discipline at the Department of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs of North Sumatra Province. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis and sobel. The sample used in this study were 130 employees of the Department of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs of North Sumatra Province.
The results of this study indicate that the Work environment has no effect on the Work Discipline of the employees of the Department of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs of North Sumatra Province. The Work Environment has a positive and significant influence on the Work Enthusiasm of the employees of the Department of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs of the Province of North Sumatra and there is an indirect influence between the Work Environment on the Work Enthusiasm through Work Discipline.


Professional teacher identity is an important element in teaching. A teacher who rightfully identifies with teaching can be capable of helping...


The four authors are members of the faculty, University of California, Los Angeles. The project was carried out through the university's Special Education Research Program, Contract 4730, between the University of California and the California State Department of Education. This is the second part of a two-part article. ~ N ORDER TO ANSWER some basic questions about EH and EMR programs and pupils, a comprehensive statewide study was conducted in 1972 under the auspices of the UCLA Special Education Research Program. The study involved collection of data from 24 representative California school districts, districts. selected in terms of size, ethnic representation, school district organization, and geographic location. The sampling design resulted in selection of 1,366 pupils enrolled in EH or EMR programs, and 286 teachers, 175 in EH and 111 in EMR. Details of sampling and of pupil findings may be found in Part I of this


Craniostenosis syndromes are a group of developmental disorders which has recently been classified based on mutations in a family of genes named fibroblast growth hormone receptor genes (FGFR2 1,2,3). Mutations in the FGFR genes may manifest themselves in overlapping and variable phenotypes as reported in Crouzon, Pfeiffer, and Apert syndromes. An especially severe case of craniostenosis with multiple congenital anomalies resulting in early demise is described. The findings of cloverleaf skull, profound proptosis, radioulnar synostosis, broad thumbs and great toes, led to a clinical diagnosis of Pfeiffer syndrome, type 2. However, the many overlapping findings combined with the abnormal urogenital sinus could also suggest Antley-Bixler syndrome. Chromosomal studies revealed a normal female karyotype. Molecular studies were performed on the known mutation-bearing regions of the FGFR2 gene in order to determine whether a mutation in this gene was responsible for the severity of this infant's anomalies. The patient was found to have a G to T mutation at codon 290 exon 7 of the FGFR2 gene leading to a substitution of a cysteine for the normal tryptophan at this locus. This is the third mutation characterized at this codon; therefore, this locus appears to be a mutational hotspot in the gene. The introduction of an additional cysteine into a region characterized by immunoglobulin-type loops maintained by cysteine S-S crosslinking may provide a rational explanation for the severity of the clinical findings of this infant and insight into the structure and function of the protein.


The J-TEXT tokamak has been operated for ten years since its first plasma obtained at the end of 2007. The diagnostics development and main modulation systems, i.e. resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) systems and massive gas injection (MGI) systems, will be introduced in this paper. Supported by these efforts, J-TEXT has contributed to research on several topics, especially on RMP physics and disruption mitigation. Both experimental and theoretical research show that RMP could lock, suppress or excite the tearing modes, depending on the RMP amplitude, frequency difference between RMP and rational surface rotation, and initial stabilities. The plasma rotation, particle transport and operation region are influenced by the RMP. Utilizing the MGI valves, disruptions have been mitigated with pure He, pure Ne, and a mixture of He and Ar (9:1). A significant runaway current plateau could be generated with moderate amounts of Ar injection. The RMP has been shown to suppress the generation of runaway current during disruptions.


Historical research is inherently temporal, highly contextualised and offers important insights to IB scholars. These accounts demonstrate eventful temporality in that they are contingent, complex ...


This study presents mathematical models for predicting VO2max based on a 20 m shuttle run and anthropometric parameters. The research was conducted with data provided by 308 young healthy people (aged 20.6 ± 1.6). The research group includes 154 females (aged 20.3 ± 1.2) and 154 males (aged 20.8 ± 1.8). Twenty-four variables were used to build the models, including one dependent variable and 23 independent variables. The predictive methods of analysis include: the classical model of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, regularized methods such as ridge regression and Lasso regression, artificial neural networks such as the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) network. All models were calculated in R software (version 3.5.0, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The study also involved variable selection methods (Lasso and stepwise regressions) to identify optimum predictors for the analysed study group. In order to compare and choose the best model, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used. The paper presents three types of models: for females, males and the whole group. An analysis has revealed that the models for females ( RMSE C V = 4.07 mL·kg−1·min−1) are characterised by a smaller degree of error as compared to male models ( RMSE C V = 5.30 mL·kg−1·min−1). The model accounting for sex generated an error level of RMSE C V = 4.78 mL·kg−1·min−1.


A pump comprises a pump casing having front and rear sides with a pumping chamber, a chamber inlet and a discharge outlet. An impeller within the chamber rotates about an axis. The chamber includes an inner region at or near the axis and an outer region remote from the axis within which is the discharge outlet. The impeller includes a shroud having front and rear faces with a plurality of pumping vanes. A collection chamber is provided at the rear side of the pump casing in fluid communication with the pumping chamber. The impeller includes one or more passageways through the shroud, one end opening into the collection chamber and the other opening into the pumping chamber through the impeller front face. A flow inducer is within the collection chamber, which includes a venting outlet and a transfer outlet zone in fluid communication with the outer region of the pumping chamber.


Abstract Objective To evaluate the growth and neurodevelopment outcomes of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants supplemented with oral probiotics for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Study Design This prospective follow-up study was conducted in a cohort of VLBW preterm infants enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of oral probiotics for the prevention of NEC. Growth outcomes included weight, length, and head circumference. Cognitive and neuromotor development were assessed by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Sensory and neurological performance was evaluated by standard techniques. The primary outcome was neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. Results A total of 221 infants completed the trial protocol. Of the 208 infants eligible for follow-up, 174 infants (86 in the probiotics group and 88 in the control group) were evaluated. There was no significant difference in growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes between the two groups. Conclusion Oral probiotic administered to VLBW infants to reduce the incidence and severity of NEC started with the first feed did not affect growth, neuromotor, neurosensory, and cognitive outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age.


abstract This reportback looks at the Third African Women's Peace Table Conference which took place during October 2003. The conference explored the position of women in defence and security forces on matters of peace and security in Africa and participants made recommendations with regard to women's effective involvement in the African Union/New Partnership for Africa's Development peace and security agenda.


The CEC system is the first practical system of the Network Centric War theory.By analysing the operation mechanism,some items of the main factors that play important roles in CEC are presented here.An efficiency-mode of the CEC is built based on the factors and some counterattack methods are given in the end.


Engine is the important parts in automotive vehicles. There are many types of engine that are available
and used in vehicles in the market. Performance of engine is depending on the technology applied and it design
concept. One of the components can effected the performance of the engine is intake manifold. In this research, it
was studied the designation of intake manifold for existing design and it was proposed the new design which is
the performance is better than the conventional. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is used to
analyze the air flow and pressure air inside the intake manifold especially for the plenum. According to this
analysis, the proposed design was agreed to give more performance to the engine according to the high air flow
and low pressure air, respectively. Due to these two parameters and open literature, there can give more
performance to the engine during the operation.


Data consists of maps displaying the number of buprestid beetles for a given species caught in each Minnesota county, and the time passed since last collection (within 20 years). The submission also includes the spreadsheet and R script used to generate the maps.


This study aims to fabricate radiation protection shields using fly ash with barium Sulphate. Different thickness of fly ash geopolymer with 15% of barium sulphate was constructed, and different energies of X-ray ranged from 80 kVp 120 kVp were used to assessment the attenuation ability of Lead and fly ash geopolymer with barium Sulphate shields. Different thicknesses of fly ash based shields are investigated to determine the equivalent thicknesses of fly ash geopolymer with barium sulphate which provide the same attenuation by Lead shields. The results exhibited that 5 cm of fly ash geopolymer with barium Sulphate equivalent 1 mm of Lead in attenuating of incident X-ray. Whereas 1 cm of fly ash geopolymer with barium sulphate equivalent 0.25 mm of Lead shield at various X-ray energy (80 kVp -120 kVp).


The question of division of the generalized sample into training and testing is considered. A division algorithm based on the Chi-square criterion is described. The work of the algorithm in two experiments is demonstrated by the example of a hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy network. In the first experiment, the total sample is divided into testing and training with minimal difference. In the second experiment, the total sample is divided into testing and training with the maximum difference.


God, Sexuality, and the Self: An Essay 'On the Trinity.' By Sarah Coakley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. xxi + 384 pp. $29.99 (paper).The foundation of Sarah Coakley's "unsystematic systematics" (p. 60) is contemplative prayer. In this she follows the earliest Christian scholars ("the fathers") who believed that their prayer life and ascetical practices shaped their doctrine. To understand Coakley's work, therefore, the reader must acknowledge her position: that the practice of contemplation may influence our theological position. Or, as she puts it, "The very act of contemplation- repeated, lived, embodied, suffered-is an act that, by grace and over time, inculcates mental patterns of 'un-mastery,' welcomes the dark realm of the unconscious, opens up a radical attention to the 'other,' and instigates an acute awareness of the messy entanglement of sexual desires and desire for God" (p. 43). In other words, contemplative prayer is not mere subjective experience, but a practice that requires us to submit to God and thereby ultimately opens us up to the corrective perspective of God that reorders our passions. This leads Coakley, ultimately, to suggest that "contemplation presents us with a trinitarian model of power in vulnerability" (p. 343).For Coakley, this inextricable link between practice and doctrine is essential because the purpose of theology is-even if only implicitly-a recommendation for life. It is "an ascetical exercise-one that demands bodily practice and transformation, both individual and social" (p. 18). To meet that demand, the methodology of her systematics is intended to be allencompassing: it is, as she puts it, a "theologie totale," so named after the method of the Annales School of social history in twentieth-century France. This means that both her theological method and the material she covers are wide-ranging, and this volume on the Trinity has chapters on trinitarian art and Coakleys fieldwork with Pentecostal Christians in Lancaster, England, as well as significant analyses of the trinitarian theology of Origen, Augustine, and Gregory of Nyssa and postmodern feminist theory.At the heart of the Christian life is a desire for God. Coakley brings that desire for the divine into dialogue with sexual desire, and suggests that theologians such as Origen, Gregory of Nyssa, and Augustine understood that interconnection, both experientially in their prayer fife, and intellectually-and it powerfully influenced their understanding of the trinitarian nature of God. Coakley is writing today against the backdrop of rancorous debates about sexuality across most of the Christian churches, and this gives her work another valence, as she acknowledges in the Prelude. In what ways can the early Christian tradition, also struggling with these questions (in ways that have not always been acknowledged), offer the contemporary churches something by way of resource if not answer? Coakleys "answer" is suggestive rather than definitive, as one might expect from such a questioning theologian. Indeed the "answer" is in part found in bringing together strands of thought that are normally kept separate: Origen's, Augustine's, and Gregory of Nyssa's views of the ascetical life with their theologies of the Trinity; patristic scholarship and feminist analysis; accounts of plumbers in the north of England laying pipes "prayerfully" by speaking in tongues while working-all connected with questions of eros and gender roles. …


We investigated the noise properties of dc superconducting quantum interference device flip-chip magnetometers with submicrometer-wide bicrystal junctions operating at 77.4 K. The noise of the magnetometers with electronics was about 6 fT/√Hz at frequencies above 100 Hz increasing up to about 20 fT/√Hz at 1 Hz. The operation of the magnetometers was characterized in an electronic axial first order gradiometer system, which was employed for biomagnetic measurements. The system demonstrated a gradient resolution of about 1 fT/cm√Hz at 77.4 K and stable operation in a standard magnetically shielded room under clinical conditions.


5. Affinities of the genus Brylkinia.-Brylkinia is a monotypic genus including B. schmidtii Ohwi (=B. caudata Fr. Schm.) which inhabits Japan, Saghalin;. South Kur,ile Islands and Manchuria. Bentham (1881) and Hackel (1887) placed it near Pleuropogon and Uniola which were assigned to Festuceae-Festucinae. Pilger (1954) transferred Pleuropogon to Festuceae-Glyceriinae, and retained Brylkinia in Festucinae. Ohwi (1942) proposed to treat Brylkinia as an independent subtribe, Brylkininae in the Meliceae. The characteristics of chromosomes and leaf structure of B. schmidtii have never been studied. In the present paper the results of their investigation and tlso considerations on the afllin%ties of the genus are presented. Chromosomes' -Materials for chromosome observation were collected at Mt. Mitsutoge, Yamanashi Pref., and Mt. Yatsu and Kamikochi, Nagano Pref. Invariably in root tip cells forty small chromosomes were found. One pair of Sat-chromosomes was observed (Fig. 1, 2). The basic chromosome number is assumed to be ten. Leaf structure--No bicellular hairs could be found either in the upper or lower epidermis. Siliceous cells show a rectangular shape and wavy contours (Fig. 2, III). In the upper epidermis unicellular hairs are found ; they do not possess a sheath of epidermal cells at the base. A mechanical cell layer surrounds the vascular bundles, and the chlorophyll tissue is uniformly distributed between the bundles (Fig. 2, II). This cleary


Various Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) serotypes are reported to be accompanied with keratoconjunctivitis infections. Seventy-three conjunctival swabs were obtained from (39 male and 34 female) who presented to the ophthalmic unite in the hospital of Erbil province with clinical features of acute keratoconjunctivitis. Immunochromatography (IC) was performed 51(69.86%) samples were positive out of 73 eyes swab. In the present study, nested PCR was employed to amplify the partial hexon gene, and the sequence of the 37 isolates were specified and compared to sequences deposited in NCBI. The results illustrated that all isolates showed 96.7 to 100% nucleotide identity and all sequences were submitted to Genbank-NCBI which documented and received accessions number start from (MK615151 to MK615187) respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified these isolates into different genotype-related groups A, B, D, E, and F and human adenovirus HAdV-D8 were the most frequent type. The results of nucleotide Blast of HAdV-D8 with the deposited sequence in NCBI were revealed that similar to genotype sequence documented in Germany in (99%).


This paper describes a multi-carrier code division multiple access downlink system which may be of use in mobile radio communication applications. A novel form of differential phase shift keying where the phase shift keying is applied in the transmitter after all the user symbols have been combined. This produces a performance improvement when there is more than one user present. Results of simulations using models of typical urban mobile radio channels are presented and comparison is made with a number of similar downlink systems.


Santa Cruz Island fox (Urocyon littoralis santacruzae) populations declined precipitously in the last decade. To assist fox recovery, removal of predatory golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and feral pigs (Sus scrofa) is underway. We report on the current status of the fox based on trapping and radiotelemetry over six seasons (summer: May–October, winter: November–April) beginning winter 2000. We captured 173 foxes 590 times in 6,766 trap nights and radiocollared 58 foxes. Most estimates of abundance were approximately steady throughout the study period, including minimum number known alive (approx. 70– 80 foxes) and mark-recapture estimates of abundance (approx. 105–128 according to the best model), although trap success declined sharply (83% in the Central Valley). Trap success varied spatially, with relatively more foxes captured in the Central Valley than elsewhere. Annual non-pup survival tended to increase in summer and winter 2002 relative to the previous year based on telemetry data (80% vs. 59%, P = 0.17). Annual pup survival averaged 62% throughout the study, but substantial uncertainty accompanied this estimate. The ratio of pups to non-pups captured in summer averaged 0.45. Similarly, birth rate estimates based on lactation rates and numbers of pups weaned was 0.34 for yearlings and 0.45 for adults. Although we could not detect spatial differences in reproduction, foxes in the Central Valley were heavier than foxes elsewhere, and age distributions showed relatively more pups there, both suggestive of higher reproductive rates. Current vital rates yielded a simple deterministic growth rate estimate of λ = 1.00, consistent with a stabilizing population. Although many demographic parameters had considerable uncertainty due to small sample sizes inherent to rare populations, most results supported the conclusion that the population is small but approximately stable, survival is steady or increasing, and the Central Valley is providing the highest quality habitat.


In this work, we present two offset-fed metal-only reflectarray designs that are suitable for space applications in which the use of dielectrics is not desired. Crossed-slot type of elements are used to achieve the phase shift coverage of 360° in both of these reflectarray designs. Two illustrative design examples are presented. The first of these is a reflectarray which points the beam in the specular direction with the illumination incident from a feed horn that has a skew angle of 30°, while the second design points the beam at 0°, i.e., toward boresight. We present the simulated results of these designs and compare their performances. The simulated gain for the normal-directed beam is found to be 26.2 dBi at 35.6 GHz with an aperture efficiency of 25.5%, and the sidelobe level is −19dB. The corresponding values for the reflectarray with specular-directed beam are; gain of 28 dBi at 35.6 GHz, aperture efficiency of 35.4% and sidelobe level of −21dB.


Customer satisfaction is one of the topics that needed a lot of consideration.  Customer is one of the factors that plays major role in the organizational development. In older days products are produced not on the basis of considering the customer but on the basis of selling and profit making motive. But now the satisfaction has been changed. Most of the organization there is one separate department objectives behind this department is making a good relationship between the customer and the organization. The  study is conducted on various hair oils like; Dhathri, Indulekha, Vayodha and parachute ayurvedic etc. The purpose of this study is to make awareness about various cosmetic materials available in the markets subject to various types of areas. The study contains the influence of hair oils in the market; price of hair oils in the market and use of the product in the particular area.


The development of network and information technology has put forward challenges to the traditional management of academic libraries. This paper discusses in detail the strategy of the Library of Beijing Agricultural College, which gives opinions to the challenge, and based on that, the author discusses the team building, resource construction, organizational structure and services in academic libraries under network environment.


Infrared refectivity and magnetoreflectivity measurement were performed at 30 °K on-type PbSe samples with electron concentrations rangingfrom 4.5 × 1017 to 4.3 × 1018cm−3. From the best fit of experimental and theoretical curves the electron effective mass and relaxation time were determined as functions of electron concentration. The dependence of the effective mass on electron concentration is in good agreement with Kane's model of the conduction band.

Es wurden Infrarotreflexions-und Magnetoreflexionsmessungen bei 30 °K an nleitenden PbSe-Proben mit einer Elektronenkonzentration im Bereich von 4,5 × 1017 bis 4,3 × 1018 cm−3 durchgenfuhrt. Aus der besten Anpassung der experimentellen und theo retischen Kurven wurden die effektive Elektronenmasse und die Relaxationszeit in Abhangigkeit von der Elektronenkonzentration bestimmt. Die Abhagigkeit der effektiven Masse von der Elektronenkonzentration befindet sich in guter Ubereinstimmung mit dem Kaneeschen Modell des Leitungsbandes.


The effect of surgical third molar removal on the periodontal parameters at distal sites of second molar revealed inconsistent results.Clinical parameters and radiographic parameter; alveolar bone height (ABH) were studied between six to 24 months post-surgery. Thirty-three subjects who had mesio-angular or horizontal impaction of third molar with available previous records of digital orthopantomogram (OPG) were recruited into the study. ABH of adjacent second molar on the previous OPG were compared with the current OPG. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), recession (REC) were also recorded. ABH distal to second molar showed significant improvement as shown in reduced cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) distance from 4.3mm±1.9 pre-operative to 2.80mm±2.05 post-operative (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in ABH between 47 and 37 at baseline; (4.09±1.09mm vs 4.30±2.55mm) and post-surgery (3.00±2.20mm vs 2.70±2.35mm) where p<0.423. Distal sites of second molars consistently showed significantly higher mean PPD (3.76±1.32mm) when compared with mesial, mid buccal and mid lingual sites (p<0.001). Higher frequency of BOP (90.9%) were also recorded for distal sites. Surgical removal of impacted third molars demonstrated significant gain in ABH of second molar post surgically. Significantly deeper PPD were also recorded at distal sites as compared to other sites. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2020; 13(1): 170-174)


Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) reflects the vasodilatory reserve of cerebral resistance vessels. Normal development in children is associated with significant changes in blood pressure, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen metabolism. Therefore, it stands to reason that CVR will also undergo changes during this period. The study acquired magnetic resonance imaging measures of CVR and CBF in healthy children and young adults to trace their changes with age. We found that CVR changes in two phases, increasing with age until the mid‐teens, followed by a decrease. Baseline CBF declined steadily with age. We conclude that CVR varies with age during childhood, which prompts future CVR studies involving children to take into account the effect of development.


Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of O( 3 P) atoms with a series of symmetric aliphatic ethers have been determined using the flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique over the temperature range 240-400 K. The Arrhenius parameters derived from these data are (in units of cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 ): dimethyl ether, k=(5.39±1.94)×10 −12 exp([(−1320±120)/T]; diethyl ether, k=(1.42±0.18)×10 −11 exp([(−1070±40)/T]; di-n-propyl ether, k=(1.41±0.21)×10 −11 exp([(−960±50)/T]; di-n-butyl ether, k=(1.37±0.29)×10 −11 exp([(−880±70)/T]; di-n-pentyl ether, k=(1.26±0.84)×10 −11 exp([(−780±20/T]. The error limits are two standard deviations derived from the least-square fit. Rate constants for several other ethers were determined only at 298 K. The values obtained were (in units of 10 −14 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 ): tetrahydrofuran (37.5±1.1); 1,4-dioxane (6.81±0.46); diethoxymethane (40.4±1.8); ethyl-t-butylether (37.0±1.3); and methyl-t-amylether (57.3±2.3)


At Accelerator Test Facility (ATF), we have developed and successfully used RF Photocathode gun as the source of electrons. We have also used a similar gun in the Laser Undulator Compact X-ray source facility (LUCX), KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization) for performing experiments to generate X-rays by inverse Compton scattering. Both the existing guns have mode separation of 4 MHz. We designed a new RF Gun with high mode separation of around 9 MHz and high Q value to achieve a low emittance beam of good quality. We are also modifying the power delivery scheme to the accelerator at LUCX to achieve the acceleration of 200 nC in 100 bunches with low emittance. This will help to increase the intensity of X-rays by the inverse Compton scattering


Humus is a substance that is created from the decomposition of plant residues with the help of beneficial microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) present in the surface layer of soil, with a massive amorphous consistency, homogeneous and dark in color due to a large amount of carbon it contains, and which is essential to sustain the total soil ecosystem since it helps maintain available nutrients for the plants. The objectives achieved are the elaboration of organic humus from vegetable residues within the homes, to generate a product that contributes to the improvement of the soil, through the methodology of the surveys, favorable results were obtained for the realization of the organic humus, in the same way, it concludes that by elaborating organic humus, the plants have better growth and therefore it is an aid to the environment since through this technique we can reduce and apply the use of vegetable residues, which will become organic matter and reach to reduce pollution in all homes, contribute to the soil and restore the proper nutrients to obtain adequate fertilization without the increase of chemicals harmful to humans.


Howard treats his sources evenhandedly, one soon senses his dismay at modern Protestant theology's modus operandi. Writing about the German encyclopedists, for example, he finds theology "presented ... as anxiously obeisant before the new Wissenschaftsideologie, a posture betrayed by [an] overweening earnestness ... [that] sought to convince students, and presumably skeptical faculty as well, of the scientific credentials of theology" (306). Though doubtless attractive to some readers, such a claim rushes past issues that merit more careful attention — not least because what looks "obeisant" from one angle appears to be intellectual openness from another. Indeed, while it cannot be denied that German protestant liberalism lacked a sufficiently self-conscious attitude toward the achievements of Wissenschaft, one should beware thinking that Christian theology here underwent a regrettable decline, spurred on by an unthinking pursuit of intellectual respectability. It is at least possible to argue that liberal theology's affiliation with modern thought was driven by the belief that, since Christ had "overcome the world," theology could do the same. On this reckoning, Protestant liberalism's engagement with modern thought is less a matter of capitulating to "secular" standards, more a matter of overconfidence — the presumption being that there was absolutely nothing to fear.


Background: Retinal dystrophies related to damaging variants in the cadherin-related family member 1 (CDHR1) gene are rare and phenotypically heterogeneous. Here, we report a longitudinal (three-year) structure–function evaluation of a patient with a CDHR1-related retinal dystrophy. Methods: A 14-year-old girl was evaluated between 2019 and 2022. An ophthalmological assessment, including color vision, perimetry, electroretinography, and multimodal imaging of the retina, was performed periodically every six months. Next-generation sequencing disclosed two likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants in the CDHR1 gene, in compound heterozygosity, confirmed by segregation analysis. Results: At first examination, the patient showed a cone–rod pattern retinal dystrophy. Over follow-up, there was a decline of visual acuity and perimetric sensitivity (by ≥0.3 and 0.6 log units, respectively). Visual loss was associated with a progressive increase in inner retinal thickness (by 30%). Outer retina showed no detectable changes over the follow-up. Conclusions: The results indicate that, in this patient with a CDHR1-related cone–rod dystrophy, the progression to severe visual loss was paralleled by a progressive inner retinal thickening, likely a reflection of remodeling. Inner retinal changes over time may be functionally relevant in view of the therapeutic attempts based on gene therapy or stem cells to mitigate photoreceptor loss.


Natural and anthropogenic nanoparticles are widely spread into the environment, and in particular in groundwater, representing a concrete risk for human health. On the other hand, injection into the subsurface of suspensions of microscale and nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (MZVI and NZVI) have been studied in recent years for the remediation of contaminated aquifers. Consequently, understanding and modelling transport and deposition of colloidal particles in saturated porous media is a key aspect in short term (design of a field-scale injection) and long term (spreading in the environment) prediction of particles distribution. Nanoparticles transport in porous media is usually described by a modified advection-dispersion equation that takes into account the mass exchanges between liquid and solid phase due to physical and physico-chemical interactions. These interaction kinetics, resulting in particles deposition on and release from the solid matrix, are strongly influenced by chemistry, e.g. pH, ionic strength, etc. [3, 4], and velocity [1, 6] of the pore water. However, up to date, modelling of colloids transport in the presence of such complex interaction phenomena has been mainly faced in one-dimensional Cartesian coordinates for the simulation of laboratory column tests [4], or at larger scales in simplified radial domains [5]. A numerical solution to 1D Cartesian and radial colloid transport equations was implemented by the authors in MNMs (www.polito.it/groundwater/software/MNMs.php). In this work, the modelling tool MNM3D is developed for the simulation of nanoparticles suspensions injection and transport in more complex scenarios. MNM3D, standing for Micro and Nanoparticles transport Model in 3D geometries, is a modified version of the well-known transport model RT3D [2], in which the colloid transport equations and the dependencies of attachment and detachment kinetic coefficients on transients in pore water ionic strength and velocity have been implemented. The approach is validated comparing the simulation results of MNMs and MNM3D run on one-dimensional and 2D (radial symmetry) domains. The tool can be used for multi-dimensional simulations and employed in many practical field-scale applications, including the long-term behavior of engineered nanoparticles released in the environment (eg. from landfills), and the preliminary design of in situ aquifer remediation via injection of reactive nanoparticles injection (thus providing an estimate of operative parameters, such as particles distribution around the injection well, influence radius for a target concentration, number of required injection wells, etc.)


This paper proposes a high performance deadbeat-type current controller for inverter-interfaced distributed generation (DG), with a simple design procedure, desirable control performance and ease of digital implementation. The control law of proposed deadbeat-type current controller has the same form as the conventional deadbeat controller. However, instead of directly inverting the controlled plant model, the polynomial coefficients of each variable in the deadbeat control law (the reference current, the output current and the grid voltage) are designed to satisfy the two design criteria: (1) the poles of the closed-loop system are all at the origin; (2) the gain of the disturbance input is minimized. The performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated with an example, and the controller is proven to be robust against plant parameter variation. The comparison between the proposed deadbeat-type controller and a well-tuned conventional double-loop controller shows significant improvement of the former in both steady-state and dynamic performance. The proposed deadbeat-type controller is implemented and tested in a Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform and the experimental results validate the excellent control performance of the proposed controller and also its pratical feasibility.


Mentality can be defined as "a view of the world in the categories and forms of mother language, which connects intellectual, willing and spiritual specifics of national character in its typical characteristics" (Kolesov 2007: 11). According to this definition of Russian linguist V. V. Kolesov it will be very important and meaningful to investigate the deep and organic relations between mother language and national mentality, because these two aspects cannot be separated in the history of Russian culture and in the formation of Russian literary language. In this paper we have pursued, how has been established the Russian philological tradition about "mentality through the key words and concepts (ментальность через ключевые слова и концепты)" by summarizing the works of such scholars as Shmelev, Stepanov, Kolesov, Arut'unova etc. On the other hand, we have compared the results of studying Russian philosophers (Solov'ev, Toporov, Dostoevskij, Karsavin, Berd'aev) with those of a representative Petersburg's linguist Kolesov. By doing such a comparative analysis we were able to get more objective viewpoint about what is the Russianness and what are the key factors in defining the Russian mentality through two key words идея-идеал. To achieve the goal of this paper we have analyzed representative key words and concepts of Russian culture идея-идеал from the lexicological, semantic, textological and etymological points of view. To get the optimal picture of Russian mentality through these key words идея-идеал the correlations between slovo (знак) and d'elo (вещь) will have to be regarded as a necessary and complete method of research, which is based on the concept of "semantic triangle".


With the increasing number of power electronic devices and renewable energy units in the power network, wide frequency oscillation accidents occur frequently in China and abroad. The oscillation frequency covers several hertz to several thousand hertz, which causes great harm to the safe and stable operation of the units. As the most important equipment in power grid, the safety and stability of synchronous generator under wide frequency is very important. In this paper, the response of synchronous generator as load to wide frequency oscillation is studied, and the formula for calculating the impedance of synchronous generator is deduced and verified. Then the reason of shaft torsional vibration caused by synchronous generator as oscillation source is introduced, and the equivalent impedance response characteristic of synchronous generator at this time is given.


This article reviews a publication entitled "Handling Bales of Pulp and Waste Paper," prepared by an industry-based advisory committee to the printing and board industry of the UK. After highlighting some of the recommendations in the publication, the reviewer concludes that it is "an excellent document, full of practical examples and well illustrated." He recommends it highly as a guide in both training and actual operations for all port personnel involved in handling this type of cargo.


Commercial grapefruit seed extracts, distributed on the market as food supplements, were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Presence of benzethonium chloride, a synthetic antimicrobial agent, in the range of 0.14-22.2% was found in 4 of 5 analysed commercial samples (one of them - especially developed for children). The presence of benzethonium chloride was additionally confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC/DAD) and direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This work demonstrates that GC/MS represents a simple, fast, selective and sensitive alternative approach for identification and quantitation of benzethonium chloride in commercial grapefruit seed extracts.


For each finite measure (cid:1) on (cid:1) 0 (cid:2) 1 (cid:2) , a coalescent Markov process, with state space the compact set of all partitions of the set (cid:1) of positive integers, is constructed so the restriction of the partition to each finite subset of (cid:1) is a Markov chain with the following transition rates: when the partition has b blocks, each k -tuple of blocks is merging to form a single block at rate (cid:1) 10 x k − 2 (cid:4) 1 − x (cid:5) b − k (cid:1) (cid:4) dx (cid:5) . Call this process a (cid:1) - coalescent . Discrete measure-valued processes derived from the (cid:1) -coalescent model a system of masses undergoing coalescent collisions. Kingman's coalescent, which has numerous applications in population genetics, is the δ 0 -coalescent for δ 0 a unit mass at 0. The coalescent recently derived by Bolthausen and Sznitman from Ruelle's probability cascades, in the context of the Sherrington– Kirkpatrick spin glass model in mathematical physics, is the U -coalescent for U uniform on (cid:1) 0 (cid:2) 1 (cid:2) . For (cid:1) = U , and whenever an infinite number of masses are present, each collision in a (cid:1) -coalescent involves an infinite number of masses almost surely, and the proportion of masses involved exists as a limit almost surely and is distributed proportionally to (cid:1) . The two-parameter Poisson–Dirichlet family of random discrete distributions derived from a stable subordinator, and corresponding exchangeable random partitions of (cid:1) governed by a generalization of the Ewens sampling formula, are applied to describe transition mechanisms for processes of coalescence and fragmentation, including the U -coalescent and its time reversal.


This study focuses on a deterioration diagnostic standard and inspection time for external wall tiles.  The study was carried out using a tap tone test, followed by fast Fourier transform and pattern recognition to analyse the tapping results.  Based on the test results, the study recommends that for frequencies between 200 and 800 Hz on the spectrogram, it can be deduced that a cavity is present in the tiles.  The study was carried out using infrared thermal imaging record to deterioration and normal tile position. This study observed temperature changes per hour, it is obvious temperature difference with deterioration tiles and normal tiles between 09: 00-11: 00 (East), 10:00-14:00 (West), 10:00-12:00 (South) and 11:00-13:00 (North), the study was calculated that the average temperature difference of 1.0 degrees. This study suggests that the best experimental inspection time is 09: 00-14:00. Exclude the impact of external factors, if the temperature difference more than 1.0 degrees, it can be deduced that a cavity is present in the tiles, and this can be used as basis for determining tile deterioration.


This chapter highlights the business processes used to maintain aircraft. The chapter provides an overview of demand and capacity planning; describes the service offerings; highlights types of customers and their contracts; identifies enablers to significantly increase the use of information technology in order fulfilment; and describes some of the key areas such as warranty and customer experience. None of these critical business activities are specified by any regulatory authorities nor is there an industry standard for best practice.


The differential diagnosis of an acute or subacute tender swelling in the calf or popliteal fossa includes thrombophlebitis, dissecting popliteal (Baker's) cyst, gastrocnemius tear, benign neoplasms, and aneurysm. The most difficult and most common differential diagnosis is between thrombophlebitis and dissecting popliteal cyst. We evaluated a simple benign procedure-arthroscintigraphy, using an intra-articular injection of high specific activity9mTc labelled human serum albumin (H.S.A.)-to confirm or refute the diagnosis.