Purpose: The present study was conducted to analyze any difference in the movement of aspheric RGP lens by the amounts of keratometiric astigmatisms using keratometer and corneal topography. Methods: Corneal curvatures in thirty six eyes of males and females of with-the-rule keratometric astigmatisms in their twenties were measured by a keratometer and worn aspheric RGP lenses. Then, lens rotations, vertical and horizontal movements of lens by blinking were measured to compare with lens movements when aspheric RGP lenses were fitted by total keratometric astigmatisms using corneal topography. Results: The case having higher amount of central keratometric astigmatism was 61.1% of subjects, however, 36.1% of subjects showed higher total keratometric astigmatism indicating that central keratometric astigmatism was not always bigger than total keratometric astigmatism. Since over 0.25 diopter difference between total and central keratometric astigmatisms was shown in 19 eyes (52.8% of subjects), the prescription for lens fitting could be changed. Significant difference in horizontal movement was detected with increase of astigmatism when it compared based on the amount of keratometric astigmatism measured by a keratometer. However, there was no significant difference in lens rotation, horizontal and vertical movements by comparison with the amount of total keratometric astigmatism using a corneal topography. When central keratometric astigmatism measured by keratometer was bigger than total keratometric astigmatism estimated by corneal topography, bigger lens rotation was shown compared with opposite case. Also, the tendency of bigger lens rotation was measured with the increase of keratomatric astigmatism in the case of same prescription having same base curves with same amount of keratometric astigmatism but different curvatures. Conclusions: From the present study, we concluded that lens movements on cornea were not totally different when aspheric RGP lens fitted on with-the-rule astigmatism by keratometer and corneal topography. However, there was some difference in certain lens movements. Therefore, we concluded that further study on the relationship between the prescriptions for lens fitting should be conducted for improving the rate of successful lens fitting by keratometer or for the proper application of corneal topography for lens fitting.


Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify the presence of articular disk displacement using helical computed tomography (CT) in asymptomatic Class II Division I patients and to find a correlation between internal derangement of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and certain lateral cephalometric variables. Materials and Methods: After screening 578 patients in the age group 18-25 years, 30 patients who met the case selection criteria and willing to cooperate were included in the study. Frontal and profile photographs and lateral cephalograms were taken. Helical CT of TMJ were taken and the disk tissue of the joint was analyzed. Composite cephalometric analysis was performed to evaluate cranial base, vertical skeletal relationships, maxillary and mandibular skeletal relationships, and dental relationships. Results: Mean and standard deviation were estimated from the sample in each group. Mean values were compared using Student's independent t -test. Patients with disk displacement have shorter anterior and posterior cranial base, small posterior facial height (PFH), backward rotation of mandible, decreased mandibular body length, and an increase in proclination of lower incisors. Conclusion: Certain cephalometric variables correlate well with helical CT findings of patients with internal dernagement of TMJ (TMJ ID), and thus could assist in identifying patients with potential TMJ disorders.


To estimate the levels of reproducibility and concurrent validity of measures of sedentary behavior of ISAQ-A (Health Indicators and Quality of Life in Academics) questionnaire; to estimate the association between sociodemographic and link with university characteristics with the difference of minutes among questionnaire and accelerometer. It is a cross-sectional study, with university students from an institution in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. For the information collection, the ISAQ-A questionnaire and the accelerometer were used. The questionnaire was applied in two moments, before and after the use of the accelerometer. The sedentary behavior of the ISAQ-A measured: watching TV, using the computer for studies and academics researches, using the computer at leisure-time and accessing social networks and playing video games. For statistical analysis, Spearman correlation (Rho) and Bland-Altman scatter plot used to estimate correlation and concordance, respectively. The multiple regression was used to estimate association between exploratory variables and difference among the time sedentary behavior by measured questionnaire and time sedentary measured accelerometer. The significance level was of 5%. Participated 61 students and observed for reproducibility higher correlations values for computer time (rho=0.72) and videogame (Rho=0.75), with satisfactory agreement for all screen behaviors. However, the comparison between the questionnaire measure and the sedentary time did not present correlations, only agreement between the tests. The woman was associated with higher differences in self-reported the screen time. Observed that the levels of reproducibility of the ISAQ-A sedentary behavior module presented satisfactory reproducibility and concordances reasonable in relation the direct measure of sedentary behavior, being that the women underestimated the screen time via questionnaire.


Because of the existence of the laws, there is certain fictitious law relationship. Hence, the object of the fictitious laws relationship comes into being. Since the object of the fictitious laws relationship is the only sign which differs from real law relationship, it is important and necessary to study the object of the fictitious laws relationship.


The modern electric power systems that include non-linear loads may experience power quality problem such as harmonic distortion. The harmonic minimization by installing a shunt active filter at the end of a radial distribution system can suppress harmonics but it could not reduced to significant value still there will be significant amount of voltage harmonics in the power system due to harmonics standing waves. In this paper, distributed active filter system, which consists of multiple active filter units deployed along the power line, is developed to reduce voltage harmonics in the power system effectively. In this scheme, first total harmonic distortions in the power system is determined and that data is used for DAFs for the various load locations and buses to improve power quality. Each individual AFU functions like a harmonic conductance to reduce voltage harmonics. Based on the predetermined droop characteristics, the active filter units can share harmonic filtering workload without any communications. The deployment strategies of active filter units are also presented. Switching signals of the shunt active filter are generated by sliding mode control concept. A sliding mode control based on energy feedback of capacitors is employed in the design. With this method, the dynamic response of the filter is improved effectively and harmonics and load unbalance is compensating quickly. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation studies. The proposed scheme is developed using Matlab/Simulink.


1. The long term impacts of historical land use on montane tropical forest tree species composition and structure is unknown. We used old plantation survey maps of 19th century coffee plantations in the Blue and Port Royal Mountains of Jamaica to investigate the effects of land use history on forest tree species composition and structure after 150–170 years of re‐growth.


Background/aim.- In this study we planned to reveal the problems and progress in the management of the esophageal atresia patients. This study consists of 231 patients with esophageal atresia, treated during the last 22 years. Patients and methods: Patients are subgrouped according to the year of diagnosis: Group I (1978-1984), Group II (1985-1991) and Group III (1992-2000). All patients are also assessed by the prenatal history, delivery time and method, time of admission, diagnostic workup, preoperative management and timing of surgery, technique of surgery, associated anomaly, complication and mortality rate. Results: The mean weight was 2635 gr, 85% of deliveries had been in hospital and 14.7% at home, 91.1% of babies had been term and 8.9% were preterm. Prenatal polyhydramnios story had been detected in 18.8%. Among the babies with esophageal atresia 51.1% had already been diagnosed before the admission. The associated anomaly rate was 33%. Group I patients had been operated immediately, Group II patients had been stabilised and operated in semi-elective conditions, Group III patients are operated in elective conditions. Intraoperative most common complication was iatrogenic pleural opening. The most common early postoperative complication was pneumonia and atelectesia; late complication was gastroesophageal reflux. Overall mortality was 59.7% and had been found in Group I as 86.5%, in Group II 64.5% and 29.5% in Group III. Respiratory problems (respiratory stress, pneumonia) and septicemia have been the most common cause of mortality. Conclusion: This study is the largest study group published in Turkey. In this study we demonstrated, that in correlation with the development in surgical techniques, preoperative and postoperative management the complications and mortality rate decreased in esophageal atresia patients. * Anahtar kelimeler: Ozofagus Atrezisi, mortalite, komplikasyon * Keywords: Esophagus atresia, mortality, complication


Fractography is the study of the morphological fracture surface features in artificial and natural materials, including bone and rock. Several patterns of distinctive macroscopic features, such as linear and curved ridges or valleys, often form during tensional fracture. These are often different at difference stages of fracture. 'Plumose' or feather-shaped structures are the most common in natural materials, and form away from the fracture origin after steady-state propagation is achieved. The sense of symmetry in the plumes indicates the propagation direction. The plumes converge at the fracture origin, in a region often showing other distinctive surface features marking the initial propagation conditions. In 1969, Sommerfeld reported the occurrence of these morphological features on the crown surfaces of a number of slab avalanches. This represents the only direct evidence to confirm that the crown is a tensional fracture surface in a typical avalanche. Furthermore, he identified the origin and propagation direction of the crown fractures at several avalanches, and found each to have propagated from the surface downwards, with no lateral component. In this paper I summarize the general principles of fractography, and discuss some possible applications to slab avalanche mechanics, including the notion that we may differentiate weak layer collapse from shear fracture based on crown surface features. In addition, I include a number of photographs showing the distinctive 'plumose' features on crowns of recent avalanches.


As the social status changing,social responsible and obligation increasing,the health condition of woman has come to social attention.Through studying the effect of shaping exercise on some physiological indexes of young and middle-aged woman,this paper made comparative analysis on validity and scientificalness of it.Through using the method of literature,experiment,mathematical statistics and comparison,the author found out that shaping exercise could effectively improve the cardiorespiratory function of young and middle-aged woman,especially for their body shape and strength and flexibility quality.It suggests that the shaping exercise should be introduced into the female health and aesthetic teaching class so that more and more female students understand and do shaping exercise,and further perfect themselves.


The present invention, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and an inhibitor of BET proteins such BRD-t, relates tricyclic heterocycles useful in the treatment of diseases such as cancer.


The prestressed concrete pile is made in the following manner: put a preshaped reinforcement skeleton into a steel mold; cast mixed concrete which is designed according to the proportion ratio of high-strength concrete; tense reinforcement; centrifugal molding and steam maintaining, then at last removing mold. Because of the concrete strength is high, the penetrating force of pile is strong, the connection method between piles is simple and these piles are different in length and diameter, so it can meet the needs of various construction works.


This work describes the flowering time gene DAY NEUTRAL FLOWERING (DNF), which acts in the same flowering pathway as CONSTANS (CO). DNF is a membrane-bound E3 ligase that represses CO expression and plays an important role in maintaining low levels of CO expression in short days; it is thus essential for the ability of the Arabidopsis plant to have a different flowering response in long and short days. The photoperiodic response in Arabidopsis thaliana requires the precise regulation of CONSTANS (CO) expression in relation to the light period during the day. In short days (SDs) levels of CO expression are normally low during the light period, and this results in delayed flowering compared with long days (LDs) when CO expression rises to high levels before the end of the light period. We identified a novel flowering time gene called DAY NEUTRAL FLOWERING (DNF) that acts in the same flowering pathway as CO. DNF is a membrane-bound E3 ligase that represses CO expression and plays an important role in maintaining low levels of CO expression in SDs. The effect of DNF on the rhythm of CO expression is essential for the photoperiodic response of Arabidopsis, enabling it to have a different flowering response in LDs and SDs.


The nano-sized particles of amorphous Fe 2O 3 and α-Fe 2O 3 were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Results showed that the particle sizes of the above two Fe 2O 3 were 5nm and 45nm, respectively, and the forbidden bands were 3.1eV and 2.18eV, respectively.


Disposal of polyethylene used as carry bags is the greatest challenge increasing day by day. Composite materials were prepared by mixing Fly ash (FA) and nanostructured fly ash (NFA) from thermal power station as filler and blends of Waste polyethylene (WPE)(carry bags) collected from municipal solid waste (MSW) with virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix. Different modifications were induced to improve the overall properties of these composites. At first, the WPE/HDPE blend matrix was modified by grafting with maleic anhydride (MA) and the composite prepared with FA/NFA. Then, the WPE/HDPE-FA/NFA composite as a whole was treated with electron beam irradiation at 250 kGy radiation dose and finally the FA/NFA filler was treated with radiation dose of 250 kGy and the composite prepared. Significant enhancement in tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness are observed for MA modified and irradiated composites, the increase being more prominent in irradiated composites. Furthermore, an increase in storage/loss moduli with enhanced thermal stability was observed with the addition of FA/NFA and upon modifications. The analysis of the tensile fractured surfaces by scanning electron microscopy was in well correlation with the mechanical properties obtained. In summary, after analyzing the effects of the three different modifications on mechanical, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties, the irradiation on to the WPE/HDPE-FA/NFA composites investigated was selected as the most appropriate for future applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers


Purpose – This paper seeks to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship students' ethical views on plagiarism, their self reported engagement in plagiarism and their participation in an online plagiarism prevention tutorial.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a questionnaire administered to 434 undergraduate university entrepreneurship students, combining self‐reported data with behavioural measures.Findings – The results illustrate that more than one online plagiarism prevention tutorial is required to change self‐reported views relating to engagement in plagiarism, perception of peer participation in plagiarism and students' ethical views. However, it should be noted that even such a small intervention demonstrates an observable difference in students' capacity to recognise a case of verbatim plagiarism as an academic breach in practice.Research limitations/implications – The research demonstrates that educators should focus on good educational design, educating students regardin...


A multi-level approach to test for the determinants of income polarization both at the household as well as the country level is applied to a panel of about 300,000 households in EU countries over the period of 2003-2009. Among the policy relevant macro variables, higher progressive labour taxation and to a certain extent capital taxation is positively correlated with lower levels of income polarization. Also public expenditures on social protection, education and economic subsidies are related to a lower degree of polarization. Finally, lower unemployment, a stronger industrial base and more trade openness are also associated with lower levels of polarization.


Background: There is a paucity of controlled trials examining the efficacy of brief dynamic psychotherapy (BDT) in the treatment of major depressive disorder, especially in a long-term perspective.The aim of the present study is to evaluate recurrence rates in unipolar major depressed patients who are responsive to acute phase combined treatment with BDT plus pharmacotherapy in comparison with patients initially treated with pharmacotherapy alone. Methods: Subjects forthisstudy were 92patients who met criteria forremissionat the end ofa 6-month acute treatmentphase for major depressive disorder, single episode, with combined therapy (BDT plus pharmachotherapy) versus pharmacotherapy alone. 41 (64.1%) subjects were remitters to combined treatment and 51 (61.4%) were remitters to antidepressants alone. The study included a 6-month continuationtreatmenttrialwithpharmacotherapyandafollowingperspective,naturalistic48-monthfollow-up(withoutanytreatment). Results: Patients who received combined treatment, in comparison with those who were treated with pharmacotherapy alone, show a significant lower rate of recurrences of depressive episodes at 48-months naturalistic follow up (27.5% in comparison with 46.9%: χ 2 =3.525; df=1;p=.048). Limitations: Inclusion and exclusion criteria may limit the generalizability of the results. Furthermore it may be unclear whether the effect is attributable to BDT per se as opposed to extra time with a therapist. Conclusions: The significant lower recurrence rates in a 48-month follow-up in the group of patients treated with the addition of BDT to medication in the acute phase support the view of the advantage in the long-term outcome of adding psychotherapeutic intervention to pharmacotherapy in the acute therapy of unipolar major depression. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Abstract : This report proposes 944 guidelines for designing software to support the user interface to computer-based information systems. These design guidelines cover six functional areas: data entry, data display, sequence control, user guidance, data transmission, and data protection. This report revises and extends previously published guidelines, and is the final compilation under current Air Force sponsorship. Keywords: Computer-Based Systems; Design Guidelines; Human Factors; Information Systems; User-System Interface.


Objective: To explore the hidden dangers and application value of a clinical nursing strategy after its improvement for aging patients in a gastroenterology department. Methods: A randomized analysis was performed on 314 aging patients. Among them, 157 were randomly selected and treated with a clinical nursing strategy after improvement (the intervention group) during hospitalization, while 157 were randomly included and received the regular nursing strategy (the control group). We compared the data from the General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) at 1 d (T1), 5 d (T2), 10 d (T3), and after hospitalization, the incidences of complications and hidden dangers, and the nursing effect. The psychological self-rating scale (SAS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the psychological status of the patients before and 2 months after nursing. Results: At T1, the GCQ scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). At T2 and T3, however, the GCQ scores were significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The incidence rates of complications and hidden dangers in the intervention group were significantly lower than the rates in the control group (P < 0.050). There were no significant differences in the SDS and SAS scores between the two groups before the nursing treatment. After the nursing treatment, the intervention group showed significantly lower SDS and SAS scores and a better nursing effect than the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The application of a clinical nursing strategy can effectively reduce the occurrence of hidden dangers for the aged patients in a gastroenterology department, and improve the rehabilitation of patients.


This paper is devoted to conceptualize Tourist World to describe the phenomenon of tourism in the sense of pure theoretical base.The author also probes into the hard core of this special world with the concept of Tourist Experience,and views this conception as the most basic and kerneled factor in the tourist world.In the effort of searching for this conception,the author hopes to find the approach to integrate tourism study in the sense of interdisciplinarity.A general review of foreign literature is given.


This work will explain the extent of democracy in the Democratic Republic Kongo, and in order to answer this complex question, the methodology of case study has been implemented and electoral democ ...


Introduction: Neoglycoconjugates: General Considerations, C. Lee Enhanced Biochemical Affinities of Multivalent Neoglycoconjugates, Reiko T. Lee and Yuah Chuan Lee Preparation: Synthesis of Neoglycoconjugates, G. Magnusson, A.Y. Chernyak, J. Kihlberg and L.O. Kononov Glycopeptide Synthesis, M. Meldal Use of Aminoalditols and Glycosylamines in Neoglycoconjugate Synthesis, E. Kallin Noncovalent Neoglycoproteins, M.-C. Shao, C.K Sokolik, and F Wold Synthesis of Neoglycoconjugates Using Oliosaccharide-Transferring Activity of Ceramide Glycanase, X.Y-T. Li and S.-C. Li Carbohydrate-Containing Polystyrenes, K. Kobayashi, A. Kobayashi, S. Tobe, and T. Akaike Remodelling Glycopeptides for Affinity Labelling and Fluorescence Energy Transfer Studies, X.Y-T. Li and S.-C. L Applications: Synthetic Glycoconjugates as Human Vaccines, H.J. Jennings and R. K. Sood Hepatic Receptor Imaging Using Radio-labelled Asialoglycoprotein Analogues, M. Kudo, D.R. Vera, and R.C. Stadalnik Neoglycoproteins: Use in Tumour Diagnosis, H.-J. Gabius, U. Brinck, K. Kayser, A. Schauer, 1. Stiller, and S. Gabius Immobilised Glycoconjugates for Cell Recognition Studies, R. L. Schnaar Neoganglio-proteins: Probes for Endogenous Ganglioside Receptors, J.A. Mahoney and R.L. Schnaar Drug Delivery Systems Using Carbohydrate Recognition, T. Ouchi and Y. Ohya Determination of Epitope on Sugar Chains of Glycoproteins, T Endo and A. Kobata Delivery of Polynucleotides to Hepatocytes, A.W. Lee-Young, G.Y. Wu, and C.H. Wu.


AFFILIATIONS: Ji—Key Laboratory of Regional ClimateEnvironment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yuan—Key Laboratory of Regional ClimateEnvironment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, and School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiao—School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Wang—Hydrology Bureau of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, China; Han and SHi—National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Xing Yuan, email@example.com


As technologies for acquiring 3D data and algorithms for constructing integrated models evolve, very large data sets representing objects or environments are emerging in various application areas. As a result, significant research in computer graphics has aimed to interactively render such models on affordable commodity computers. Interest is growing in the possibility of integrating real-time analysis and transformation tools in interactive visualization environments as they become more available.


The results of this study proof the effectiveness of combining physical and electrochemical methods to intensify the processing of diamond-bearing ores as shown by: –recovering more diamonds thanks to the synergistic effects of making the diamond crystal surface more hydrophobic in grease recovery and froth flotation; –complete recovery of abnormally luminescent crystals thanks to modifying the spectral and kinetic properties of such crystals in separation by X-ray fluorescence; –lesser use of ferrosilicon thanks to its greater resistance to corrosion induced by interfacing with corrosive water systems.


An ion exchange process which removes Cs-137 from the supernatant liquid associated with neutralized PUREX high-level waste at the West Valley Demonstration Project was developed at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. West Valley has now achieved initial operation of the supernatant treatment system, and results have confirmed the laboratory studies. This paper addresses the development of the predictions of system operations and the initial results of the system. 2 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.


Traditional LLC resonant converter takes the rated power as the design requirement to calculate the resonant parameters. Although voltage gain in full load range is guaranteed, the problem of low efficiency under light load is ignored at the same time. This paper proposes a switching transformer-based LLC resonant converter (ST-LLC). Combined with the corresponding strategy of high-frequency transformer switching control, the efficiency of ST-LLC resonant converter is improved, especially in light load conditions. The design procedure of main component parameters is given in detail, and an optimal load partition control strategy is proposed to further broaden the optimized range of light load efficiency. Finally, a prototype about 1kW based on ST-LLC topology was built to verify the proposed scheme. It is shown that the efficiency of the prototype is achieved at 95% maximally, and maintains 90% in 82% of the full load range.


In extragalactic astronomy, a central challenge is that we cannot directly watch what happens to galaxies before and after they are observed. This dissertation focuses on linking predictions of galaxy time-evolution directly with observations, evaluating how interactions, mergers, and other processes affect the appearance of elliptical galaxies. The primary approach is to combine hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation, including all major components, with dust radiative transfer to predict their observational signatures The current paradigm implies that a quiescent elliptical emerges following a formative starburst event. These trigger accretion onto the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), which then radiates as an active galactic nucleus (AGN). However, it is not clear the extent to which SMBH growth is fueled by these events nor how important is their energy input at setting the appearance of the remnant. This thesis presents results drawing from three phases in the formation of a typical elliptical: 1) I evaluate how to disentangle AGN from star formation signatures in mid-infrared spectra during a dust-enshrouded starburst, making testable predictions for robustly tracing SMBH growth with the James Webb Space Telescope ; 2) I develop a model for the rate of merger-induced post-starburst galaxies selected from optical spectra, resolving tension between their observed rarity and merger rates from other iii estimates; and 3) I present results from Hubble Space Telescope imaging of elliptical galaxies in galaxy clusters at 1 < z < 2, the precursors of present-day massive clusters with M ∼ 10M , demonstrating that their stars formed over an extended period and ruling out the simplest model for their formation history. These results lend support to a stochastic formation history for ellipticals driven by mergers or interactions. However, significant uncertainties remain in how to evaluate the implications of galaxy appearance, in particular their morphologies across cosmic time. In the final chapter, I outline an approach to build a "mock observatory" from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, with which observations of all types, including at high spatial and spectral resolutions, can be brought to bear in directly constraining the physics of galaxy formation and evolution.


In order to accomplish public service quality enhancement, the regional government is under compulsion to allocate capital expenditure in APBD to increase it's fixed asset. Capital expenditure allocation will lead to reconcilable regional government's fixed assets and regional civilization's necessity. Region's income sources is the main key of it's financial independency without relying on central government. The main goal was to identify any firm and significant correlation between income sources and capital expenditure in Kota Tomohon's regional budgeting while the objects were income sources and capital expenditure realization in year 2011-2015. To acknowledged these two variables' correlation, researcher used Correlation Product Moment (Pearson) Test correlation analysis with the assistance of Software Program SPSS Version 19.0 for Windows.Correlation result 0,750 determined firm correlation between income sources and capital expenditure in Kota Tomohon since it was positive and approaching +1. It confirmed that increasing in Kota Tomohon's income was followed by increasing in Kota Tomohon's capital expenditure. Significancy result 0,086 validated significant correlation between these two variables as a result of it was lower or equal to 0,1 and it verified that hypothesis zero was accepted. Keywords : Correlation, Income source, Capital expenditure


This study aimed to define the use of products and services of PSS associated with laundry businesses such as coin-operated self-service laundromats (CL) and laundry services (LS) in order to get a better understanding of the environmental implications of PSS in laundry habits in Bangkok, Thailand. The motivation to use product-service systems (PSS) could vary according to the specific consumer needs often defined by cultures, and therefore the environmental impacts from the PSS use would result differently from country to country. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were conducted with Bangkok residents to determine the laundry habits related to the use of PSS. As a result, the use of private washing machines (PW) was found to be in the main option and CL and LS were used as an additional option in the laundry habits. Regarding the environmental potential, the respondent who uses CL and LS frequently tended to do laundry less often than those who only use PW. Meanwhile, CL and LS users adopted the use of tumble dryer more often, and the need to use was high compared to others who do not use PSS. The need to improve the quality of laundry is expected to increase with the improvement of quality of living in Bangkok in the near future. However, at the same time, these observations imply that change of consumer behaviors related to the use of PSS can affect energy consumption and environmental burdens. To further clarify sustainable consumption and production systems, a quantitative analysis of the environmental impact of the laundry habits remains as a future task.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent factor for the occurrence of neurogenic dysphagia following an acute cerebrovascular accident in the form of a stroke. This study assesses the role of DM as a risk factor for post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), confirmed by the fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) with particular emphasis on silent aspiration (SA) as a high risk factor of aspiration pneumonia (AP).The aim of the study is to assess the role of DM as a risk factor for PSD.Statistical analysis was performed on the cohort of 81 post-cerebrovascular-accident patients hospitalized in the neurological rehabilitation department. DM was diagnosed in more than one third of the cohort (35.8%). After the FEES examination, which was assessed in the penetration–aspiration scale (PAS), an analysis of DM incidence was performed in patients with diagnosed pharyngeal dysphagia of moderate degree (PAS 3–6) and severe degree (PAS 7–8).The incidence of DM in patients with moderate dysphagia was lower than in the cohort. The incidence of DM in patients with severe dysphagia (aspiration) was comparable to the percentage in the cohort. Although diabetes was twice as frequent among patients with aspiration than among those with mild dysphagia (24% vs. 12%), the odds ratio (OR) of the diabetes incidence in these groups was not statistically significant.Although DM is an independent factor for PSD occurrence after cerebrovascular accident in the form of a stroke and a potential factor for lower cranial nerve neuropathy, no correlation between DM and PSD was found.


Let u and v be any two distinct nodes of an undirected graph G, which is k-connected. For 1 ≤ w ≤ k, a w-container C(u, v) of a k-connected graph G is a set of w-disjoint paths joining u and v. A w-container C(u, v) of G is a w-container if it contains all the nodes of G. A graph G is w-connected if there exists a w-container between any two distinct nodes. A bipartite graph G is w-laceable if there exists a w-container between any two nodes from different parts of G. In this study, we show that every graph in ndimensional bipartite graph B n is w -laceable for every w, 1 ≤ w ≤ n. It is shown that a constructed an n-dimensional non-bipartite graph H can not be 4-connected. In addition, we show that every graph in n-dimensional non-bipartite graph is w-connected for every w, 1 ≤ w ≤ 3.


Objective:To study MRI features of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath(GCTTS) and pigmented villonodular synovitis(PVNS).Methods:28 cases(17 cases of GCTTS,11 cases of PVNS)confirmed by operation and pathology were retrospectively analyzed.All cases were examined by MRI.Results:Among 17 cases of GCTTS,3 cases were located in knee joint,6 in ankle joint,2 in wrist joint,3 in hand and 3 in foot.11 cases were the diffuse form,6 were focal.On T1WI,the signal intensity of GCTTS presented mainly isointensity or slightly hypointensity.On T2WI,the signal intensity presented mainly hypointensity with patchy isointensity or hyperintensity signal.The violations of tendon and ligament were showed in 11 cases,destruction of bone in 10 cases,joint effusion in 7 cases.Among 11 cases of PVNS,9 cases were located in knee joint,1 in shoulder joint,1 in ankle joint.9 cases were the diffuse form,2 were focal.On T1WI,the proliferation of synovial presented isointensity or hypointensity.On T2WI,it presented isointensity or slightly hyperintensity signal.Conclusion:GCTTS and PVNS were different in the usnal parts,but they have the same signal characteristics.


Novel macromonomers and telechelics of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) (PROZO) were syn-thesized by utilizing termination of propagating species (2-oxazolinium ions) in the living polymerization of 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline (ROZO) with suitable nucleophiles. Two types of p-vinylbenzyl–type macromonomers were obtained by terminating living PROZO with sodium p-vinylbenzyl alkoxide or with sodium p-vinylbenzyl mercaptide. The synthesis of telechelics having a functional group (SH, COOH) on both ends of PROZO was achieved by using a bis(2-oxazolinium salt) initiator. The PROZO dithiol was synthesized by two methods: (1) termination of the living species on both ends with NaSH, and (2) aminolysis of PROZO bis(O-ethyldithiocarbonate) given by treatment of the living PROZO with potassium O-ethyldithiocarbonate. Termination of the living PROZO with the sodium salt of di-t-butyl malonate yielded a PROZO with di-t-butyl malonate moieties on both polymer ends, from which the PROZO dicarboxylic acid was derived via free tetracarboxylic acid. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on society, especially in the field of education. Various educational activities are carried out online, so the Service Team holds online AutoCAD 3D training activities to add insight into education and technical design for communities affected by Covid-19. The stages of the program that have been implemented are, the first stage of pre-training which consists of an online survey to communities affected by COVID-19, the design of the AutoCAD 3D training module, and preparation of making online media such as websites, Instagram, and YouTube. The second stage is training which consists of registration of affected communities, online media publications, and online training using online media meetings that are integrated with websites, Instagram, and YouTube. The third stage is post-training in the form of an evaluation to analyze the satisfaction of people who have attended AutoCAD 3D Online training. The results of the analysis of community satisfaction with the facilitators, facilities, presenters, and materials stated that they were 100% very satisfied and satisfied. In addition, the training was also 100% running as expected based on the results of the participant's evaluation.


The Mesozoic hemipteran family Archegocimicidae Handlirsch is newly diagnosed and its fauna in China revised based on abundant new material. The complicated taxonomic history of the family is reviewed and the following taxonomic changes proposed: Propritergum opimum Zhang, Engel, Yao & Ren gen. et sp. nov.; Longianteclypea gen. nov.; Longianteclypea tibialis (Popov), comb. nov.; Mesolygaeus naevius (Hong), comb. nov.; Sinolygaeus Hong, synonym of Mesolygaeus Ping; and Enicocoris manlaicus Popov, Xishania fusiformis Hong, Jiaodongia maershanensis Hong, and Xishania? jiangxiensis Hong all synonyms of Mesolygaeus laiyangensis Ping. Living and fossil representatives of the infraorder Leptopodomorpha are coded for the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the clade. The resulting cladogram supports the recognition of the constituent superfamilies Saldoidea and Leptopodoidea, the former containing Saldidae, Aepophilidae and Archegocimicidae, and the latter Palaeoleptidae, Omaniidae and Leptopodidae. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BCB8B92B-D67C-457F-A55F-10BF3A9D3D82


Relieving farmers burden, regulating tax and fee collection, stabilizing the range of burden and ensuring the rapid healthy growth of national economy are the hot subject and knots under people's attention. This paper begins with some achievements attained in a poverty-striken mountainous district, Tongjiang County in its rural tax and fee reform, then analyzes seven problems in the reform and puts forward some suggestions and measures in solving these problems.


This research investigated meaning and its realizations in bilingual translational texts. The focus is on thematic variations. This study was aimed at describing the thematic variations, in terms of textual meaning breadth and thematic progression, of The Great Gatsby texts, describing the contextual factors that motivate the thematic variations in question, and describing the effects of the variations in question on the texts as translational texts.
The study was essentially qualitative with complementary quantitative data. The quantitative analysis was used to measure the overall degrees of variation represented by the mean of the variations and to measure the occurrence of the textual meaning breadth and thematic progression variations based on their frequencies and the extents of occurrence. The qualitative analysis was used to explain the quantitative analysis results and to discuss the contextual factors that motivate the thematic variations in question and their effects on the texts as translational texts. This research was a kind of semantic-translational content analysis. The subject of this research was bilingual The Great Gatsby English-Bahasa Indonesia. The unit of analysis in this study was independent conjoinable clause complex represented in the texts. There were 2,259 units of analysis in each comparison and there were 4,518 in total. The data analysis techniques used in this study were tabulation and comparative attribution analysis. The analysis of textual meaning breadth variations was performed in the form of blocks consisting of Theme and Rheme and the analysis of thematic progression variations was in the form of thematic progression patterns showing Theme-Rheme relations.
The results of the study show that the overall degrees of both variations are in the range of low variation in which the mean of textual meaning breadth variation reached 0.56 and the thematic progression variation reached 0.76. The most prominent variation is also in the range of low category. Both of the variations were performed by adding or omitting Themes, splitting one unit of thematic structure into more than one unit, shifting or downranking, not expressing clauses or creating new clauses. The factors that motivate the small number of variations in question are the translator's motivation in translating T1, the T2 intertextual context, and the same syntactic word order between English and Bahasa Indonesia. Some differences in the linguistic system of both languages, and the different situational and cultural contexts between T1 and T2 contribute to the thematic variations between them. With regard to the effects of the variations in question, it is found that the textual meaning breadth variation brings less effect on the text readability and information flow. Thematic progression variation gives more effect because they may cause dangling clauses which cannot be identified from which they are developed.


The incidence of measles has reduced since the availability of live attenuated vaccines. However, despite all the efforts made to eradicate measles, outbreaks still occur in Europe (1–3). The persistence of measles can be explained by importation of the virus from other countries, vaccination refusal and, less frequently, primary vaccination failure. Furthermore, waning measlesspecific IgG titres after vaccination and lack of natural immunological boosting due to increasing vaccination rates lead to secondary vaccination failure. Thus, measles can occur even in fully vaccinated individuals when exposed to wild-type measles in an outbreak setting (1, 4, 5). We report here a case of a 15-year-old boy who developed measles despite having had 2 previous doses of live attenuated measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, administered at the ages recommended by the WHO (6). The aim of this publication is to remind healthcare workers of the increasing occurrence of measles in previously vaccinated individuals, so called "modified" or "secondary" measles. Due to the possible life-threatening complications of measles, and in order to prevent further spread of the disease, healthcare workers should be familiar with the clinical course of (re)-infection and altered laboratory findings after vaccination (7).


The SAE Aero Design series provides engineering students with the opportunity to face a real-life engineering challenge by designing an aircraft based on a set of requirements. This competition not only focuses on technical knowledge in the aeronautics field, but also emphasizes in interpersonal communication, oral communication, and written skills by making a percentage of the score based in the design report and the oral presentation. Seventyfive university teams from different parts of the world will compete against each other putting their engineering, communication, and writing skills to the test. The competition will be held in Marietta, Georgia on April 11-13, 2014. The SAE Aero Design features three classes of competition; Regular, Advanced, and Micro. Our team will participate in the regular class. The objective of the regular class competition will be to design a remote controlled cargo aircraft and predict the aircraft's payload capacity while complying with the requirements of the competition. For the design of the aircraft, the team will conduct studies on different design alternatives to select the best option based on cost, manufacturing time, loads, etc. To engage in current research in aerodynamics and to create a design that will have global acceptance, we will use current technology available to design the aircraft. The team will use a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software to improve the airplane's design to obtain maximum lift while reducing drag. Experimental validation of obtained CFD analysis will be done by using wind tunnel testing. The team will also perform structural optimization using finite element analysis through software such as SolidWorks and ANSYS. Other testing concepts include a test stand to analyze thrust of different motor and propeller combinations. Through the research performed in this project, we wish to obtain results that can be used in future design of aircrafts to increase efficiency.


Unlike today, what used to be called divorce law was mainly about law. Obtaining a divorce was complex and expensive. But a set of legal principles existed that could be applied once the facts had been established. Divorce laws themselves reflected largely unchallenged social certainties about marriage and society, and the legal consequences of divorce could be serious for one of the parties. A "winner takes all" result was a distinct possibility with respect to property and/or children. Until well into the nineteenth century, laws in most Western countries decreed that children "belonged" to their fathers and that this situation should continue to obtain when a marriage was dissolved (Knibiehler, 1995). In this pre-psychological age, the father was thought of within these pieces of legislation as akin to the somewhat aloof father figure of Christian mythology. Fathers' relationships with their children were mainly directed towards financially supporting, educating, and protecting their children (Friedman, 1995). But with a new emphasis on domesticity, widely thought to be associated with changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution (Stiles, 1984), came quite revolutionary changes in our construction of childhood (James & Prout, 1990). Society began to emphasise children's need for emotional nurturance. Divorce laws followed. Fathers' legal obligations remained. But over a period of no more than 40 years in the late nineteenth century, the traditional fathering role became a support act to the now more important emotional and psychological tasks of parenthood. With the rise of domesticity, emotional nurturance came to be seen as the preordained task of women (Jacob, 1988). During this period, lasting well into the twentieth century, divorce judges competed with each other in describing the vigilant self-sacrificing mother in ever more hyperbolic language. (1) There was of course an exception to this gender reversal. Mothers who were judged to be the cause of a divorce risked losing both the children and any property associated with the marriage. In particular, mothers who had shown themselves to be immoral (which almost always meant evidence of a dalliance with another man) were likely to be automatically disqualified from the presumption that they were somehow genetically predisposed to focus primarily on the wellbeing of their children. According to feminist writers like Summers (1975), women continued to be categorized throughout this period as either "damned whores or God's police". In theory, the wave of "no fault" divorce legislation that swept through many Western countries late in the twentieth century took much of the presumptive law out of postseparation decision making about children. Theoretically at least, it was inconsistent for the law to declare that a person could seek a divorce after the passage of some time, by making a unilateral declaration that they no longer wished to be married, and simultaneously to punish that individual in the event that she or he had formed a new relationship. And for reasons more connected with the constitutional rights of adults than with any scientific analysis of children's needs (see Weitzman, 1985) "no fault divorce" also coincided in many jurisdictions with declarations of gender neutrality regarding postseparation parenting decisions (see in Australia for example Gronow v Gronow, 1979). (2) In the lead-up to the proclamation of the 1975 Australian Family Law Act, much attention had been given to what was meant by "no fault" legislation (Fogarty, 2001). The arguments against "no fault divorce" were largely moral ones. They were informed too by a sense, especially amongst some religious and political leaders, that we were losing our grip on the glue that held society together. Far less attention was given during this period to the decision-making principles and processes that would inform post separation parenting arrangements. …


Over the past decades, many practitioners and academic researchers have analyzed financial markets and have tried to identify robust methods for asset allocation and portfolio management. Modern Portfolio Theory, a theory that was developed by Harry Markowitz in the 1950's, has been widely accepted in the financial industry. The main objective behind the theory and model is to maximize portfolio returns for a given level of risk by constructing an efficient frontier. While this theory has been a huge advance for mathematical modeling in finance, some of the assumptions this model presumes are unrealistic and do not match real-world characteristics of financial markets. While simplifying reality is completely acceptable in terms of modeling, many might criticize and wonder how helpful this model can actually be when tested in the real world. In my research, instead of using conventional or accepted theories, I have looked at just two measurements, momentum and volatility, to see if these two metrics can help advise us on how to make better asset allocations.


Crude chloroform purification methods to remove impurities with properties similar to those of chloroform (1,1-dichloroethane and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene) were analyzed. The considered methods for removing impurities from crude chloroform included reaction-rectification and separate processing in a reactor and a distillation column. The results of simulation of the above schemes are presented. Comparative analysis of the results taking into consideration economic viability showed that purification of crude chloroform by reaction-rectification shows great promise.


The herbal essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Cymbopogon nardus L., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., Foeniculum valgare Mill., Mentha piperita L., Ocimum basilicum L. and Zingiber officinalle Rosc. were tested for their toxicity against german cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) and compared them with chemical insecticide (cyperymethrin : Kumakai 10 ® ). The knockdown was recorded at 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes and mortality was also recorded at 24 hours. M. piperita oil had high toxicity against B. germanica with KT50 values of 39.11 minutes and LT50 values of 4.17 hrs, respectively. However, toxicity indicated the order of KT50 and LT50 against B. germanica in seven herbal essential oils as M. piperita oil > C. citratus oil > F. valgare oil > E. citriodora oil > Z. officinalle oil > O. basilicum oil > C. nardus oil. Unfortuately, the knockdown rate and mortality rate against B. germanica of all herbal essential oil was lower than cyperymethrin.


The costs of maintenance and especially of repair work are determined by the planning of the work to be undertaken. Planning begins at the point where the requirement arises. The quality of the planning work is dependent on the experience of the planner ― who may be the very employee that first detects the damage. From planning tom controlling, there are many variables that can drive costs. The "Mosaic" method provides a uniform data and process base for producing standardised complete service solutions. These can be used for preparing bids, capacity planning, implementation and costing analysis. Planning using the modules yields cost savings of 30% and reduces execution times by up to 50%. The cost drivers in the process can be ascertained from the sub-process steps.


Representing a satellite transponder as a nonlinear, memoryless, band-limited device, the error probability variation due to on-off transitions of the TDMA signal envelopes in TDMA/PSK multicarrier operation is analyzed. The effects of AM/AM and AM/PM conversion are also taken into account. The results of this study are applied to 4\phiPSK and 8\phiPSK systems, for which the parameters describing the transponder nonlinearity have been taken from the real characteristics obtained by measurements. The numerical calculations show that on-off transitions of the TDMA signal envelopes could cause significant variation of the error probability.


This paper systematically introduces synchronous multiple connectio n mode and asynchronous multiple connection mode in digital multiple connection sy stem, and expounds the principle of high order block multiple connection based o n the digital hierarchy with 2.048Mb/s and 30/32 routes adopted in China and Eur ope.


presented a picture of complete failure of the peripheral circulation. She was cold and livid and rapidly becoming moribund. A physician assured me that the failure was in the capillaries and not of cardiac origin. An intravenous -drip was set up and three pints of glucose saline run in. There was an amazingly rapid improvement in the patient's general condition. The blood sulphonamide was only 7 milligrams per 100 cubic centimetres when she collapsed. Convalescence lasted many weeks after the damage caused by stasis in the peripheral vessels during the thirty-six hours.


Azotobactervinelandii produces a partly acetylated exocellular polysaccharide which consists mainly of D-mannuronic acid units and a small proportion of L-guluronic acid units. It resembles alginic...


Introduction - PART 1: EDGEWORTH AND LANGUAGE - 'The Local and the Temporary': Maria Edgeworth's Regional Writing - Lunar Values and the Union: Factors Drawing Edgeworth to Regional Language and Regional Narrative - An Essay on Irish Bulls - PART 2: THE IRISH TALES - Castle Rackrent: The Innocent Text, The Innocent Voice - Formal and Linguistic Features in the Later Irish Tales - 'Let Us Dare To Be Ourselves': A Reading of Ennui - The Voice of Truth: A Reading of The Absentee - King Or No King: A Reading of Ormond - Notes - Index


Seepage flow around dam in the Daqinggou Reservoir of Zhangjiakou city is much serious. By applying gunite sheet-pile technique, seepage of dam body is prevented. So the method has a lot of advantages to speed up construction progress, reduce cost and save investment.


Nowadays,most of maintenance plans for expressway are based on traffic flow or experiences and lack of objective and scientific data support.There is low-velocity dynamical weighting equipment load information such as model of the vehicle,weight of each axis and the total weight.Using rule of thumb and Chebyshev rule to delete abnormal values,a study of axis-weight based on SQL Server2008 which can calculate standard axles load was introduced in this paper.Statistic standard axle were loaded on Origin and Destination(OD),and the figure was drawn by the Geographic Information System(GIS) software TransCAD.From the figure the road load capacity in a certain period could be known.This method provides the basis to the management of succeeded in finding professional and scientific expressway maintenance plan.


The aim of this dissertation is threefold and it records three distinct results that the author proved, along with his collaborators, during his time as a graduate student at The Johns Hopkins University. Firstly, with L. Wang, in [30] we studied the existence of good sweepouts by curves on closed (i.e., compact and without boundary) Riemannian manifolds via the harmonic map heat flow. This can be thought of as a continuous version of Colding and Minicozzi's width-sweepout construction of closed geodesics in [14] where the discrete local linear (geodesic) replacement was used. Secondly, in [29] the author extended Colding and Minicozzi's width-sweepout construction of closed geodesics on closed manifolds to the case of closed Alexandrov spaces of curvature bounded from above. Finally, together with T. Lamm, in [26] we give an alternate proof, via a new approach that involves Rivière's gauge decomposition technique, to Colding and Minicozzi's energy convexity and uniqueness of weakly harmonic maps with small energy on the two dimensional unit disc B1 ⊂ R. This is part of a project of generalizing Colding and Minicozzi's energy convexity for harmonic maps to the case of biharmonic maps. Readers: William P. Minicozzi II (Advisor), Joel Spruck and Chikako Mese.


Fisheries IoT realizes real-time online detecting and precise modulation of aquaculture process, which greatly enhances the informationization, automation and intelligence level of farms, reduces production costs, promotes the scale of fishery industry, and improves the quality level and market competitiveness of agricultural products. However, the key to large-scale fishery farming lies in accurate water environment modulation, the IoT gateway system is the key to realize the ability of intelligent fishery to achieve accurate water environment modulation. Once the aquatic product networking is attacked by malicious IoT commands, it may cause rapid disintegration of the farming environment ecosystem at any time, resulting in huge economic losses. Due to the size and power consumption of fishery IoT gateways, traditional security protection means are often difficult to be applied in such scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved malicious command detection method for smart fisheries sensor gateways based on deep learning techniques, aiming to accurately and efficiently identify malicious control commands of smart fisheries sensor networks on IoT gateways. The main contributions of this paper are three: (1) Transforming various types of signals from gateways into feature texts, which are used as inputs for deep learning for command classification. (2) Based on the BiLSTM model, it is improved by adding a multi-headed self-attention mechanism to obtain a smaller size and higher accuracy malicious command detection model applicable to smart fisheries gateways (3) Experimental results show that compared with other models, highly confusing malicious commands elaborated for the command characteristics of short, small size and high change rate of smart fisheries sensor commands The improved BiLSTM model has a higher recognition rate.


Based on series of ground operations of a newly designed micro turbojet engine,this paper presented the establishment of engine structure,process of test rig,configurations of measure system,confirmation of engine running plan,and put stress on analyzing the reasons of all the faulty phenomena met in engine operations and their solutions.These phenomena include ignition reliability,flame localization behind the nozzle too much,speed hang-up,rubbing faults between rotor and stator,cracks of welding sews of wing fender in the nozzle,failure of bearing in the side of turbine because of thermal instability,engine surge and debugging of electronic-control programs.The ground operation results show that reducing thermal load of the bearing in the side of turbine,improving mechanical characteristics of the compressor impeller's materials made in China,and promoting manufacturing level are main missions to be finished so far in the design of micro turbojet engine,and other faults stated in the paper can be overcome by appropriate methods.


The utility model provides a body fluid sample collecting and detecting device which is characterized by comprising a sampling end, a limit blocking barrel and a transparent sleeve. The limit blocking barrel is fixedly arranged in the transparent sleeve, the lower part of the sampling end is provided with a sampling head, the center of the limit blocking barrel passes through and contacts the bottom of the transparent sleeve, a testing strip is arranged between the limit blocking barrel and the transparent sleeve, and the bottom of the testing strip is communicated with a cavity in the middle of the limit blocking barrel.


Researching Employers
It is important to learn about the employers and organisations that you intend to apply to. This will allow you to target and customise each application and prepare for selection processes effectively. Many employers also provide guidelines to help with the application process on their website.
You can research the job and the organisation through:


McCormick seeks to help the reader understand "Atlas Shrugged" in a Christian cultural context, contrast the novel's objectivistic philosophy with that of Christianity, and contrast the business activities seen in the novel with Christian business prescriptions.


ARINC 661 Runtime Protocol specifies the link between the Cockpit Display System (CDS) and the User Application (UA), which carries events that are generated through user interaction to the UA and brings requests to display new data back to the CDS. Monitoring and analyzing the real-time data when CDS communicates with UA, which are important tasks of implementation and test of aircraft cockpit displays. This paper suggests an efficient approach for monitoring and analysis realtime Arinc 661 messages. In our approach, we first use a subset of the XPath language to specify the relevant Arinc 661 events, then all the Arinc 661 events we want to monitor and analysis are combined into a prefix shared ARINC 661 Event Tree called PS-A661-ET. The PS-A661-ET merges the common prefixes of all the A661 events expressed by XPath language such that they are processed at most once. Finally, we design and implement a one-pass algorithm based on runtime stack to monitor and analysis ARINC 661 events. The optimization of this algorithm by using ARINC 661 message structure and rules is also addressed. We conduct a large number of experiments which demonstrate our approach is very efficient.


Ulayat right is a legal term related to communal rights of a community (ethnic) regarding the land environment and based on adat, collectively and hereditary. This study analyzes government policy in using customary ulayat rights. The researchers assume that environmental responsibility is related to the basic principles of environmental management: good governance, subsidiarity, and prior appropriation. The object of research in the Singingi Indigenous Territory of Riau, Indonesia, shows differences in regulations determined by the state related to economic potential and people's perception to the land. Efforts to control mining potentials have resulted in the abolition of ulayat rights, whereas the country's potential (forest potency) permits grant permits to harvest and care for forests, and the potential for agricultural potential is limited. The study concludes that the practice of the modern state has shifted collective ownership to private ownership (Shi, 2018)(Shia, 2007), but Rantau Singingi indigenous peoples have a strategy to maintain their collective ownership as an environmental responsibility. Keywords : types of ulayat rights, customary law, land use, environmental liablity and collective ownership DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/83-05 Publication date :March 31 st 2019


The Russian wheat aphids, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) population was studied on bread wheat (Obora (UTIQUE96/FLAG-1) varieties concerning abiotic factors existing infield from January to April 2019. Relationship analysis of Russian wheat aphid population with abiotic factors exposed that temperature had positive and significant effect on aphid population (r = 0.46, P < 0.01) and relative humidity played a negative and significant role on aphid population (r = -0.18, P = 0.17). Statistically, seasonal mean Russian wheat aphid population was found maximum on bread wheat (Obora (UTIQUE96/FLAG-1) varieties at both locations (P < 0.05). The population of aphids observed in March 2019 remained statistically higher than that observed either in February or April 2019 (P < 0.05).


A method for monitoring the function of a device for variably adjusting the cylinder compression at a reciprocating internal combustion engine, characterized in that in each case before and after activation of the device (V1, V2, V3, V4) for varying the cylinder compression ratio, an engine operating parameter (lu (i), lu (i + 1)), responsive to a change in the cylinder compression ratio, it is determined that both values of the engine operating parameter are compared to determine whether a change in the engine operating parameter is entered, wherein it is determined on the basis of change in the engine operating parameter, whether correct operation of the device (V1, V2, V3, V4) is present for the variable adjustment of the compression cylinder or not.


The aim of maritime policy is to achieve continued trade development and hence economic growth while ensuring seas and coastal areas are adequately protected. Historically, many policy decisions, not least with regard to maritime transport, were arrived at from a top-down approach. However, there are criticisms of the top-down policy-making process. This article presents a new bottom-up policy development methodology as well as the findings of the Maritime Transport Cluster (MTC) project funded by the Interreg IVB North Sea Region Programme (NSRP), which applied the cluster idea to the maritime and hinterland transport sector. MTC picked up the two elements of a cluster approach as proposed by Roelandt and den Hertog – (i) cluster analysis and (ii) support to remove cluster imperfections through policy advice. The methodology followed a five-level working structure interlinking European Union programmes, NSRP projects, academic research and maritime transport industry representatives resulting in identification of 10 'hot topics' relating to future maritime policy for the North Sea region (NSR). Recommendations were derived as stimuli for future policy making in order to remove cluster imperfections through policy advice for future maritime policy and programmes in the NSR and beyond.


Protecting and Inheriting folk music,which is a part of intangible cultural heritage,is the government′s obligation to effectively perform UNESCO′s Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage,and its responsibility to carry out the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the PRC.Protection and inheritance of folk music is not simply recording it in test and video documents,rather it should be embedded in the soul of many generations.As an important part of intangible cultural heritage,folk music must be effectively protected and inherited.More people should be enabled to know these cultures.The government,folk artists and social organizations must take corresponding measures in protecting and inheriting folk music based on its characteristics.It is suggested to start from legislation,folk music teaching at school and fund provision to promote better inheritance and development of folk music.


Abstract One hundred and eighty consecutive patients referred for oral cholecystography were allocated in a random fashion to one of three groups. On the evening prior to the cholecystogram the patients in the different groups took a fatfree meal, high-fat meal, or normal meal of their own choosing, respectively. The cholecystograms were assessed without the author being aware of the groups to which the patients belonged. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of failed cholecystograms or of pathology demonstrated in the different groups. It is concluded that the content of the meal on the evening prior to oral cholecystography does not influence the examination. It is therefore recommended that patient preparation can be simplified by not restricting the size or content of that meal.


This note describes the performance of the common ATLAS b -tagging algorithms in the context of the dense environments that can be found in the decay of boosted top quarks into jets and addresses the problems related to such conditions. The results of these studies lead to the development of a new multivariate-analysis-based b -tagging algorithm called MVb. The training of this new b -tagging algorithm is modified with respect to that of the current tools to take the conditions of boosted topologies better into account. Its performance is significantly improved relative to the standard algorithms for high p T b -jets and jets contained in dense environments. function of the b -tagging e ffi ciency ε b . Each working point on these curves corresponds to a di ff erent cut on the discriminant of these taggers, Also their relative performance with respect to MV1, the current ATLAS default b -tagger, is shown. The evaluation is performed using jets that are either from simulated t ¯ t events produced according to the Standard Model predictions (a) or from events in which a hypothetical Kaluza-Klein gluon with the mass m g KK = 2 . 5 TeV decays to a boosted t ¯ t system (b). The basic di ff erence of these two samples is the distribution of their top quark p T . While the top quarks produced according to the SM production mechanisms are mainly of low transverse momentum, a large fraction of the top quarks from the g KK → t ¯ t samples have a transverse momentum above 400 GeV and provide therefore an ideal scenario to test the performance of the MVb and MVbCharm taggers, which are developed exactly for such environments. The MVb tagger shows a similar performance compared to the MV1 tagger in the SM t ¯ t sample for working points corresponding to the interesting range of b -tagging e ffi ciencies (0 . 65 < ε b < 0 . 85). As the MVb tagger uses not only the IP3D weight as input, but also the IP2D weight, the jet width and the number of tracks with a large impact parameter significance, its performance is strongly improved with respect to the MV1 and JetFitterCombNN algorithm for jets having no reconstructed vertex. Also working points corresponding to b -tagging e ffi ciencies between 50% and 60% show an improved light-flavour rejection rate (up to a factor of 1 . 3). In events where a high mass resonance of the KK-gluon decays into boosted top-antitop pairs, the performance of MVb is even better, by a factor of 1.5-2.5 (depending on the chosen working point).


MISALIGNMENT in the Chinese currency, the renminbi, has been the focus of much recent interest. Since it was devalued in 1994, China's currency has been kept at a constant nominal level to the US dollar despite China's rapid economic growth, rising productivity, vibrant exports and massive foreign direct investment inflows – all factors that normally cause a currency to appreciate. Moreover, the resulting build-up of central bank foreign reserves in itself is sufficient to justify renminbi appreciation. The US government complains vociferously that an undervalued renminbi is keeping China's exports artificially cheap and causing job losses in America, Japan and other Asian economies. Given China's strength as a trading nation, the fear is that China has achieved exuberant growth by selling deliberately undervalued exports and transforming itself into the 'workshop of the world'. With seemingly infinite pools of underemployed workers in the countryside and


The social desirability bias is the tendency of
respondents to adjust their responses or behavior in such a way as
to present themselves in socially acceptable terms. The systematic
bias introduced by the social desirability bias threatens the
legitimacy of empirical research by confounding a phenomenon of
interest with impression management behavior, thus obscuring
research results and potentially triggering false conclusions. When
the social desirability bias is a concern (e.g., when asking
socially sensitive, embarrassing, or private questions),
researchers commonly use techniques such as indirect questioning to
avoid this bias. By asking respondents how most or the typical
person would respond (i.e, referring to a third party target) the
respondent transcends from an egocentric focus on his or her own
unflattering attitudes or behavior onto that of an ambiguous
target. Given the target's indistinctness respondents project their
own feelings, attitudes, behaviors, or beliefs when responding
while remaining psychologically distanced from the true, yet
socially undesirable response. According to construal level theory
this process of "transcendence" is possible because individuals are
able to form abstract mental construals (Trope and Liberman 2010).
This mental construal process is essential to recalling the past,
empathizing with others, and visualizing future events. We propose
that when presented with an indirect question, respondents increase
their mental construal to project a response onto the third party
target. As mental construals increase, individuals refocus from
detailed, incidental features to central, fundamental
characteristics (Trope and Liberman 2010). Consequently, we propose
that indirect questioning prompts respondents to deemphasize the
contextual demand to engage in impression management behavior by
increasing construal levels. This research serves three primary
purposes. First, we propose construal level theory as a theoretical
explanation for indirection questioning. Second, we explore how
psychological distances and construal level effectively reduce
social desirability bias. Lastly, we test our theoretical model
within a consumer choice context including sustainable products. We
integrate construal level theory with projective measurement
theory, thus extending knowledge in both domains. In Study 1, we
investigate the association of seven commonly used marketing scales
with measures of socially desirable responding. As a preliminary
demonstration that increasing construal levels decreases the social
desirability bias, we manipulate the psychological distance of
these scales to reduce their association with socially desirable
responding measures. Results indicate that whereas indirect
questioning increasing social or spatial distance reduces the
association with desirable responding measures, indirect
questioning increasing temporal distance magnifies this
association. Study 2 further investigates the relationship between
construal level and the social desirability bias through a product…


In the realm of ecology, species naturally strive to enhance their own survival odds. This study introduces and investigates a predator-prey model incorporating reaction-diffusion through a system of differential equations. We scrutinize how diffusion impacts the model's stability. By analysing the stability of the model's uniform equilibrium state, we identify a condition leading to Turing instability. The study delves into how diffusion influences pattern formation within a predator-prey system. Our findings reveal that various spatiotemporal patterns, such as patches, spots, and even chaos, emerge based on species diffusion rates. We derive the amplitude equation by employing the weak nonlinear multiple scales analysis technique and the Taylor series expansion. A novel sinc interpolation approach is introduced. Numerical simulations elucidate the interplay between diffusion and Turing parameters. In a two-dimensional domain, spatial pattern analysis illustrates population density dynamics resulting in isolated groups, spots, stripes, or labyrinthine patterns. Simulation results underscore the method's effectiveness. The article concludes by discussing the biological implications of these outcomes.


A 28-year-old woman presented to the A&E with acute severe bleeding from a caesarean section scar. Bleeding coincided with her menstruation and on that occasion, she had lost an estimated 500 ml of blood. She had bled cyclically from the same site during the preceding 18 months and only when on her period. She had a regular 28-day cycle, menstruating for 5 days with normal flow. She came to the A&E because the bleeding was severe and much heavier than she had usually experienced. She had no significant medical history other than a previous caesarean section performed 3 years before for fetal distress in labour. On examination, she was anxious, pale, anicteric and afebrile. Her pulse rate was 100 beats/min and her blood pressure was 119/ 74 mmHg. Abdominal inspection revealed a Pfannenstiel scar with a 5 cm wide dark tender lump at the right edge. The lesion bled on contact. The rest of the abdomen was soft and non-tender on palpation. Vaginal examination findings were unremarkable, apart from the light menstrual flow observed. Her haemoglobin concentration on admission was 6.4 g/dl. The white cell count, platelets, C-reactive protein and coagulation screen were within normal limits. The working diagnosis was that of caesarean section scar endometriosis. She was admitted, resuscitated with crystalloids and transfused with 2 units of blood. She was also placed on medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets, which reduced the bleeding. Ultrasound examination showed a hypoechoic area measuring 24622 6 22 mm subcutaneous at the left edge of the caesarean section scar (Figure 1). The mass was superficial to the rectus muscle. There was no increase in colour Doppler flow and features were suggestive of endometrioma. She underwent surgical excision of the scar lesion under general anaesthesia. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed endometrial glands and stroma set in fibrous tissue, in keeping with endometriotic deposit in scar tissue. The patient subsequently remained symptom free requiring no adjuvant therapy.


does not prove anything about the word's gender, and that is because it is a misquotation. Cicero (Tusc. 2.36) wrote ipse labor quasi callum quoddam obducit dolori, 'work itself provides a certain insensitivity to pain', treating callum as neuter, and other grammarians used this quotation as an example of use of the word (attested in both genders) as neuter. Previous editors have therefore emended the text; for example, Keil (Grammatici Latini V.575.3) says Callum generis neutri, ut Cicero 'ipse labor callum obduxit', 'Callum is neuter, as Cicero says ipse labor callum obduxit.' These previous editors are no doubt right about what was originally in the grammatical tradition on which the author of this text drew, but S.Y. (pp. 141–2) makes a solid case that the corruption/confusion does not post-date the composition of this text: the author wrote 'masculine' rather than 'neuter'. As these examples suggest, S.Y.'s detailed commentary (419 pages, discussing a text of 44 pages including generous apparatus) is invaluable; it offers the only thorough study of this work ever undertaken. The introduction (76 pages; in Italian, like the commentary) is also excellent, being much clearer and more helpful than anything previously written on this work. Whether the edition will be much used is more doubtful; I am not sure that the scholarly world is quite ready for such a novel approach, though perhaps soon we will be. A translation is not provided, presumably because, since the meaning of entries is often genuinely doubtful, discussing their meaning in the commentary instead of offering a translation allows for more nuanced interpretations. Despite the justice of that argument, the lack of a translation makes the contrast between Keil's easily intelligible text and S.Y.'s Merovingian Latin even starker. But the difficulties are far from insuperable, because S.Y.'s Italian is very clear, well written and to the point.


Objective:to analyze the relationship between QT dispersion(QTd)and ventricular arrhythmia(VT)in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods:QTd and corrected QT dispersion(QTcd)were measured on electrocardiogram in 56 patients with AMI。 QTd and QTcd in the group of patients with VT were compared with that of patients without VT.Results:QTd and QTcd were greater in the VT group compared with the group without VT in AMI patients(P0.05).Conclusion:QTd augmention may be associated with VT in patients with AMI.


Developing the ability of absolute thinking is needed in mathematic class where the subject has a characteristic as a branch of science which the object of study is abstract-natured and related with a pattern of thinking. Basic mathematics is one of the courses that can develop student's ability to think. The results acquired by the students are still not maximized; this is because the students struggle to develop their own knowledge to form concepts. Student's activities in the learning process are only skill-natured in solving problems. One of the learning methods that can be implemented is the Modified Moore method. This research aims to discover the effects of mathematical thinking capabilities with the Modified Moore Method towards the learning achievement of Basic Mathematic II of Chemistry study program from the FKIP of Universitas Riau in the even semester of 2013/2014 academic year. The form of this research is a quasiexperimental research. The experiment design used in this research is the Single Group Pretest/Posttest Design which includes Quasi Experimental Design without control group. The population in this research is the students of Chemistry study program from the FKIP of Universitas Riau in the even semester of 2013/2014 academic year. The sample of this research is all students of Chemistry study program from the FKIP of Universitas Riau in the even semester of 2013/2014 academic year consisting 36 peoples. The sample is obtained through purposive sampling technique. Based on data analysis using t test on mathematical thinking capabilities by applying modified Moore Method, it was found that students scores during post test is better than pre-test. The influences of mathematical thinking capabilities with modified Moore Method of the results learning mathematics basic II Chemistry Education in second semester academic year 2013/2014 is equal to 98,85%. It can be concluded that there is an influence on the mathematical thinking capabilities by applying Modified Moore Method towards the students learning achievement of Basic Mathematic II of Chemistry study program from the FKIP of Universitas Riau in the even semester of 2013/2014 academic year.


Two categories of preparation technologies of silicon coating,which are physical and chemical ones,are introduced in this article.Being seldom used in preparing the silicon coating,the technology of electronic beam physical vapor deposition(EB-PVD)is introduced as a emphases,and the principium and influential factors to per- formances of silicon coating are the main part of the paper.At the same time,the mechanisms of magnetron sputte- ring,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PE-CVD),hot-wire chemical va- por deposition(HW-CVD)are introduced simply,and their advantages and the disadvantage are compared.


Integral equations for pair correlations are one of the standard methods for calculating the thermodynamics of fluid systems. One of the routes to the thermodynamic quantities involves the evaluation of a certain functional of the direct correlation function(s), namely the sum of ring graphs. We show that this functional can be evaluated directly in terms of the factorizing functions ξij and their first two derivatives at their lower cutoff. In numerical computations, this is much simpler and more accurate than the previous method of evaluation using Fourier transform techniques. For certain equations of Percus–Yevick type, where analytic solution is feasible, it provides a much faster route to the compressibility pressure. We give a very general derivation for molecular fluids, using the closed form of the factorizing functions ξij. The range of validity includes recently derived integral equations for fluids of molecules with singly bondable bonding sites. The resulting subdivision of molecular species ...


Extracted from text ... C ONSTRUCTION Q UALITY European opinion of construction quality is expressed in a popular saying about comparative levels of technology: "High tech, low tech, no tech, construction'. This perception will change as standardisation sets in. More than 1 600 Swiss construction companies are ISO-certified - the largest per-capita rate of ISO certificates in Europe outside the United Kingdom. Material suppliers and contractors, as well as design offices and departments of public works find the ISO standards useful for the development of their interior organisation and communication in construction projects. Quality management advances could be measured by allegations against the construction ..


We used mitochondrial [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO I), cytochrome b, and 16S] and nuclear [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) phylogenies of Skistodiaptomus copepods to test hypotheses of Pleistocene divergence and speciation within the genus. Mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequence divergences do not support hypotheses for Pleistocene speciation and instead suggest much more ancient speciation events in the genus. Skistodiaptomus oregonensis and Skistodiaptomus pygmaeus (i.e. two morphologically similar and parapatric species) exhibited uncorrected mtDNA sequence divergences exceeding 20%. Similarly, we identified three divergent clades of Skistodiaptomus pallidus that exhibited mtDNA sequence divergences exceeding 15%, suggesting that even intraspecific divergence within this morphospecies predates the Pleistocene. We found clear evidence of CO I pseudogenes in S. pygmaeus, but their presence did not lead to significant overestimates of sequence divergences for this gene. Substitution saturation and strong purifying selection have most likely led to underestimates of sequence divergences and divergence times among Skistodiaptomus. The widespread phenomenon of morphological stasis among genetically divergent copepod groups indicates that speciation often occurs with little or no morphological change. Instead, morphological evolution may occur idiosyncratically after speciation and create discordant patterns of morphological similarity, shared ancestry and divergence time. Cryptic species complexes are therefore common in copepods, and morphological species concepts underestimate their true species diversity. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 150‐165. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: cryptic species ‐ genitalia ‐ intrinsic incompatibility ‐ molecular clocks ‐ molecular phylogeny ‐ morphological stasis ‐ Pleistoscenario ‐ pseudogenes ‐ reproductive isolation ‐ sexual selection.


This study aimed to estimate exposure-response relationships for mesothelioma and environmental exposure to crocidolite. All 4,659 former residents of Wittenoom, Western Australia (WA) who lived there between 1943 and 1993 for at least 1 mo and were not directly employed in the crocidolite industry, were followed-up through the WA death, cancer and mesothelioma registries, electoral rolls, and telephone books. In 1992, all subjects who should be traced were sent a questionnaire. Exposure levels were estimated from results of periodic environmental surveys and duration of residence. Incidence rates were standardized to the World Population and Cox Regression was used to estimate the effects of exposure on incidence. To the end of 1993, 27 cases of mesothelioma were diagnosed. Mesothelioma cases stayed longer at Wittenoom, had a higher average intensity of exposure, and a higher cumulative exposure to crocidolite than control subjects. The standardized incidence of mesothelioma was 260 per million person-ye...


Through the investigation of current female teachers' characteristics in primary and middle school,it can be seen clearly that the population ratio is low and the awareness of exercise is weak.Meanwhile,not only consumptional structure is unreasonable,but also consumptional level is low.However,we are glad to see the majority of promising situations.For instance,the diversity of physical exercise contents,various forms of choosing activities as well as free places.More specifically,the physical activities are influenced by the social factors,family factors,working stress etc.Therefore,we should carry out a lot of researches aiming at physical activity's status from female teachers in primary and middle school and the their behavior and cognition about physical fitness,such as publishing policies and regulations,improving their awareness of fitness and paying attention to the media propaganda,which will further promote women's physical and mental health.


Enteral feeding tubes are commonly placed as a means for providing patients with nutrition and hydration when they are unable to meet their daily caloric and hydration requirements by mouth. They may also be placed in patients who are at a significant aspiration risk. This may be secondary to malignancy, neurological or mechanical dysphagia, as well as critical illness.1 Many neurological diseases cause dysphagia, but patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebrovascular disease, degenerative central nervous system disease, and hypoxic brain injury comprise the majority of referrals in this subset of patients.2 These patients not only require enteral nutrition, but they also require medications through these tubes. Medications are preferably administered in liquid form. However, there are several medications that are only manufactured in solid form. These medications require being crushed and dissolved in water prior to administration through feeding tubes.


ABSTRACT The paper proposes a parallel forecasting approach for weekly natural gas consumption in the US residential and commercial sectors, which models scrape data and ratio data separately and then combines the outputs to generate the forecasts. To improve forecasting accuracy, both semi-parametric and nonparametric models, including dynamic linear regression model and dynamic semi-parametric model, are adopted to model the effects of weather variables, and time series techniques are employed to address the serial correlation exhibited by the data. An algorithm focusing on forecasting accuracy is proposed to select the smoothing parameter for serially correlated data. The proposed model is empirically tested using data in the New England area from 2013 to 2018 and benchmarked against some deep learning approaches including Deep Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network, and Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network methods. Overall, the results show that the proposed approach performs well in generating accurate forecasts.


Objective We investigated the early signs of apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes and neutrophil in order to find out the mechanism of leukocyte apoptosis and its relationship with disease severity and outcome.Methods A total of 44 patients were included in the prospective study,23 severe sepsis patients and 21 sepsis patients.In addition,25 healthy blood donors were included for comparison.We investigated early signs of apoptosis by using flow cytometric measurement of annexin-V binding to the cell surface of peripheral lymphocytes and neutrophil.We studied whether the apoptosis level correlated with disease severity and outcome.Results The incidence of peripheral lymphocytes apoptosis was increased in sepsis severe sepsis patients(13.06±3.23)% compared with healthy blood donors(2.85±1.19)%(P0.05).Meanwhile,neutrophil apoptosis was delayed significantly in sepsis severe sepsis patients(3.18±0.65)% compared with healthy control group(3.92±0.74)%(P0.05).Lymphocyte apoptosis was increased and neutrophil apoptosis was limited in the severe sepsis patients compared with sepsis patients.Conclusions Increased lymphocytes apoptosis and postponed neutrophil apoptosis play a significant role in sepsis patients,which correlates with disease severity and suggests poor outcome.


Wireless sensor networks are contemporary technologies that are used for various purposes in different fields including military and security monitoring, home security, industrial processes/activities monitoring among others. The sensors used in the Wireless Sensor Networks has the capability of sensing or monitoring an environment, measure or capture data and send it wirelessly to a control unit for further processing. Such captured data needs to be secured using cryptography to prevent unauthorized interception and modification. Here we have attempted to enhance the security of SPIN (Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation) framework by combining the secure cryptographic algorithm MinAES with geo-encryption. The geo-encryption mechanisms are used to ensure delivering the data to the right and authorized entities at a known location only. This paper presents a strategy to implement a Hybrid Security Algorithm (MinAES + geoEncryption) to provide a secure and reliable means of accessing and delivering data between wireless network components.


There is a growing concern regarding the recurrent observation of aflatoxins (AFs) in the milk of lactating animals. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to assess the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1)-binding ability of three species, namely Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and Saccharomyces boulardii, inAFM1-contaminatedmilk. The mentioned species were administeredatthe concentrations of107 and 109 CFU/mLto skimmed milk contaminated with 0.5 and 0.75 ng/mL AFM1 within the incubation times of 30 and 90 min at 4°C and 37°C. Lactobacillus rhamnosus was found to have the best binding ability at the concentrations of 107 and 109 (CFU/ml), rendering 82% and 90% removal in the milk samples with 0.5 and 0.75 ng/ml AFM1, respectively. Accordingly, this value at 107 and 109 CFU/ml of L. plantarum was obtained 89% and 82% with 0.75 ng/ml of AFM1, respectively. For S. boulardii at 107 and 109 CFU/ml, the rates were respectively estimated at 75% and 90% with 0.75 ng/ml of AFM1. The best AFM1-binding levels for L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and S. boulardii were 91.82±10.9%, 89.33±0.58%, and 93.20±10.9, respectively, at the concentrations of 1×109, 1×107, and 1×107 CFU/ml at 37, 4, and 37°C, respectively. In this study, the maximum AFM1 binding (100.0±0.58) occurred while a combination of the aforementioned probiotics was employed at a concentration of 1×107 CFU/ml at 37°C with 0.5 ng/ml AFM1, followed by the combination of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum (95.86±10.9) at a concentration of 1×109 CFU/ml at the same temperature with 0.75 ng/ml AFM1. It was concluded that the use of S. boulardii in combination with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. plantarum, which bind AFM1 in milk, can decrease the risk of AFM1 in dairy products.