Streptomyces variabilis strain RD5, a marine actinomycete was isolated from Gulf of Khambhat and was employed to degrade, a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, phenanthrene. S. variabilis strain RD5 degraded (50 mg/L phenanthrene within 6 d) and the degradation was confirmed using the different analytical techniques. The phenanthrene biodegradation resulted in the formation of carbonochloridic acid ethyl ester, ethanol and acetone which were found in the mass spectral profile of the recovered degradation products. The plant seeds of Phaseolus mungo did not exhibit any growth inhibition when irrigated with the products of degradation.


One of the most common optimistic synchronization protocols for parallel simulation is the Time Warp algorithm proposed by Jefferson [12]. Time Warp algorithm is based on the virtual time paradigm that has the potential for greater exploitation of parallelism and, perhaps more importantly, greater transparency of the synchronization mechanism to the simulation programmer. It is widely believe that the optimistic Time Warp algorithm suffers from large memory consumption due to frequent rollbacks. In order to achieve optimal memory management, Time Warp algorithm needs to periodically reclaim the memory. In order to determine which event-messages have been committed and which portion of memory can be reclaimed, the computation of global virtual time (GVT) is essential. Mattern [2] uses a distributed snapshot algorithm to approximate GVT which does not rely on first in first out (FIFO) channels. Specifically, it uses ring structure to establish cuts C1 and C2 to calculate the GVT for distinguishing between the safe and unsafe event-messages. Although, distributed snapshot algorithm provides a straightforward way for computing GVT, more efficient solutions for message acknowledging and delaying of sending event messages while awaiting control messages are desired. This paper studies the memory requirement and time complexity of GVT computation. The main objective of this paper is to implement the concept of matrix with the original Mattern's GVT algorithm to speedups the process of GVT computation while at the same time reduce the memory requirement. Our analysis shows that the use of matrix in GVT computation improves the overall performance in terms of memory saving and latency.


Blends of an amorphous and a semi-crystalline polymer—polystyrene and polypropylene, respectively— were prepared by melt processing in an extruder at 220°C. These polymers are known to be immiscible and the composite morphologies were characterized by electron microscopy and thermal analysis. Fine micronscale morphologies, ranging from 0.5 to 20 microns were observed. Thermal analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis showed changes in both the polystyrene and polypropylene glass transition temperatures (Tg) over the composition range. The major effect was a sharp increase in polystyrene Tg with increasing polypropylene content in the blend. A Tg elevation of 5.5°C was observed at 85% polypropylene. The polypropylene Tg also increases with increasing polypropylene content, starting at a depressed value in discrete polypropylene domain environments and approaching the bulk polypropylene value after the phase inversion is crossed. Qualitative structural models are proposed based on spatial and mechanical interactions between the components. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1187–1193, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers


A new long-chained ester named vogelate has been isolated from leaves of Erythrina vogelii, a Cameroonian Fabaceous plant, along with seven known constituents [erythrinasinate, 2,3dihydro-auriculatin, soyasapogenol-B, cinnamic acid, methyl gallate, -sitosterol and -sitosterol glucoside] which have never been reported so far from this species. Their structures were elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic methods.


This paper analyzes the features of and problems in the construction cost management of China's power engineering from various aspects, and connecting with these features and problems, puts forward some corresponding measures and methods for the management of construction cost in different construction stages in the light of the current competitive mechanism in thermal power enterprise.


Objective
To compare the safety and clinical efficacy of recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and urokinase (UK) in catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for the treatment of subacute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT) .

Methods
From June 2013 to June 2017, a total of 116 subacute DVT patients underwent consistent CDT with either rt-PA or urokinase, or simple anticoagulation treatment in this study. The patients were divided into three groups for comparison: rt-PA-CDT group (n=43) , UK-CDT group (n=39) and anticoagulation group (n=34) . The baseline data, thrombolysis duration, rt-PA or UK dosages, thrombolytic rate and clinical efficacy rate were compared among the three groups. Independent t-test (accorded to normal distribution) was used to analyze the thrombolysis duration. The quantitative data were analyzed with analysis of varianc and the qualitative data were compared by the chi-square test.

Results
There was no significant difference in general clinical features among the three groups (P>0.05) . The thrombolysis duration, total dosages and thrombolytic rate (≥50) were (5.8±1.3) d, (49.7±16.1) mg, 86.0% for rt-PA-CDT group, and (6.3±1.5) d, (440±99) ×104 U, 66.7% for UK-CDT group. The difference of thrombolysis duration was not statistically significant between the rt-PA-CDT group and UK-CDT group (t=-1.868, P>0.05) . The thrombolysis rate of rt-PA-CDT group was significantly higher than that of UK-CDT group (χ2=4.315, P 0.05) . No severe complications were found in all groups. The incidence rates of mild complication of the rt-PA-CDT group, UK-CDT group and anticoagulation group were 16.3% (7/43) , 17.9% (7/39) and 8.8% (3/34) , respectively, and there were no significant differences among the three groups (χ2=1.396, P>0.05) .

Conclusion
The clinical efficacy of CDT using rt-PA and UK for subacute DVT is better than simple anticoagulation treatment. Thrombolytic rate of rt-PA is superior to UK.

Key words:
Venous thrombosis; Subacute; Urokinase; rt-PA; Catheter-directed thrombosis; Comparative study


(57) Abstract: In a method for driving the terminal device (T1, T2) in a power saving mode in a communication system, at least two operating states are defined: an active and sleep, as well as stand-by case. Notification Notification channel central station via the (AC) (ZE) is intercepted by configurable time the window, then the terminal equipment (T1, T2) is controlled in its operation state. In sleep phase to the standby phase, the synchronization information / frame symbols at the central office (ZE) is evaluated.


Abstract 4431 The European Treatment Outcome Study (EUTOS) is register based international investigation started in June 2007. [1] The aim is to study the epidemiology of CML and to gain insight into the 'real world' treatment of patients with CML. Population base section (EUTOS-PBS) is the prospective study directed mostly to epidemiology aims. Russian part of the EUTOS-PBS registry collect data of newly diagnosed patients lived in 7 large regions of about 10 millions of population totally. EUTOS-PBS inclusion criteria are following: newly diagnosed CML (Ph +/BCR-ABL) started form 1st October 2009, age: older than 18. Russian CML group includes additional protocol for collection data for patients with clinical symptoms of CML. These patients are included into the roster table and after laboratory confirmation are enrolled into the main phase of the study. Thus, 174 patients were included in pre-phase, 142 (82%) had the diagnosis of CML which was confirmed by cytogenetic/molecular-genetic tests (Ph +/BCR-ABL +), 32 (18%) was not confirmed as CML. Among them 87% (n = 20) - have other Ph–negative chronic myeloproliferative diseases, and also acute leukemia (n = 1), cancer (n = 1), chronic inflammatory processes (n = 1). 142 patients with CML are 73 men, 69 women have the age from 18 to 82 (Me 49) years. 136 (96%) of patients are in the chronic phase, 6 (4%) -in the phase of acceleration, nobody in a blast nrisis. The standard frequency analysis with adjustment to the standard population of WHO was carried out to estimate distribution. The results was presented in the table 1. As shown registered morbidity in 6 regions is not varied so much: source incidence is 0,58 (0,44–0,69); standardized on WHO incidence is: 0,7 (0,57 – 0,85); per 100 thousands per year. Estimated registered morbidity of CML in Russian regions are in 1.5–2 times less, than published morbidity in western countries. The analysis of the incidence in age stratums (table 2) shows that there is no much growth of age morbidity as expected. It obviously points to low detectability of new CML incidents in senior age categories (are more senior 60 years). This fact is probably the main reason of low total registered morbidity. Tabl.1. Incidence rate of new CML cases in 6 regions of Russia Region population (mln.) N CML for 100000. in year Standard of WHO Mordovia Republic 0.87 14 0.69 0.85 Kirov region 1.46 18 0.53 0.6 Perm territory 2.77 45 0.68 0.8 Bryansk region 1.35 17 0.53 0.65 Irkutsk region 2.55 36 0.56 0.68 Zabaikal9s territory 1.36 12 0.44 0.57 Total 10.13 142 0.58 0.7 Table 2.CML incidence in age groups Age groups Male Female Maleandfemale 18–29 0.65 0.57 0.61 30–39 0.86 0.39 0.62 40–49 0.50 0.57 0.54 Conclusion: The CML incidence in Russia regions is underestimated. The main reason is an insufficient CML diagnostic screening in the senior age groups of population. References. 1. http://www.eutos.org/content/registry/documents/documents/e940/infoboxContent941/CML-Registry_February09.pdf Disclosures: Vinogradova: BMS: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Chelysheva: Novartis Pharma: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; MSD: Speakers Bureau. Senderova: Novartis: Consultancy. Turkina: Novartis Pharma: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.


This paper focuses on the issue of synchronous rectification boost topology efficiency improvement. As one of the typical working modes of this topology, quasi-square wave mode with soft switching (QSW-ZVS) has obvious advantages in improving light-load efficiency and achieving its soft switching. With the help of gallium nitride (GaN) devices, the operating frequency of the converter can be further increased. In order to ensure the realization of soft switching under high frequency conditions, this paper carries out precise mathematical modeling of the soft switching in QSW -ZVS mode. On this basis, it is pointed out that the realization range of soft switching can be extended by extending the time of synchronous rectification. This helps to improve the efficiency of QSW-ZVS mode under high frequency conditions. Finally, an experimental prototype with a rated power of 500W was built. By realizing its soft switching in QSW -ZVS mode, the peak efficiency reaches 98.2%. The design goals of high frequency and high efficiency were achieved. Verifying the accuracy and correctness of the theoretical analysis.


The annual publication of the Government Expenditure and Revenue in Scotland (GERS) Report is becoming a set-piece political confrontation between the Scottish National Party and die government of the day. This statistical exercise was dubbed 'Forsyth's fiddled figures' under the Conservatives, and as 'bogus' under Labour. This year, the SNP described the report as a 'thoroughly discredited exercise, that is political and subjective, but presented as factual and objective', and criticised 'the treatment of European funding, the underestimation of income tax receipts in Scotland, and substantial changes to the allocation of identifiable expenditure'. These criticisms shall be reviewed below, after setting out the fiscal arithmetic.


An oximeter has been used to measure the arterial oxygen saturation of patients with a variety of congenital heart anomalies. The effects of exercise and oxygen administration have been of value in ascertaining the presence of a venous-arterial shunt. The rise in arterial oxygen saturation during a vigorously performed voluntary hyperventilation appears to offer a means of gaging the extent to which the pulmonary circulation may be increased; a less than normal increase has only been found in the presence of pulmonic stenosis or in some instances of pulmonary hypertension and a relatively fixed pulmonary resistance. The results of hyperventilation are sufficiently distinctive to be of diagnostic value in cases of Fallot's tetralogy, Eisenmenger's complex, isolated pulmonic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis with intact ventricular septum and patent foramen ovale, and Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve with patent foramen ovale.


The infrared source IRAS 230604+145055 is located in the nearby, high-latitude cloud MBM 55, and appeared to be associated with red- and blue-shifted CO line emission, extended in opposite directions from the source. In order to investigate the nature of this object, we have mapped the region around the IRAS source at 3.1 mm wavelength in the 12 C 32 S J=2−1 molecular line with the 12-m telescope at Kitt Peak. The CS emission originates from several clumps which exhibit velocity shifts analogous to those of the CO emission. Attempts to detect continuum emission from the region at 2.0 cm wavelength using the C configuration of the Very Large Array telescope gave negative results. It is now established that the IRAS source is a 2' cirrus component, part of the larger MBM 55 complex


Cynopterus sphinx is known to use polygynous mating system based on availability of resources, called resource defense polygyny. It is the primary mating strategy adopted by C. sphinx. In addition to such harem groups, a number of single adult males roost solitarily, nearer to the harems. Identifying the reasons behind the solitary roosting behaviour of such adult males is essential to further understand further the details of mating strategy in C. sphinx. In this context incomplete monopolization of harem females by harem males and nonharem male's access to harem females is to be observed. The role of nonharem males as probable fathers has not been tested. In the present study, PCR based RAPD markers were used to assess the paternity of harem males and nearby nonharem males to the young born in the harems. A total of 30 arbitrary primers were used to assign the parentage of offsprings. Samples from a total of 651 individuals (41 harem males, 295 females, 267 suckling pups and 48 solitary males) from 41 harems (dry season 14 harems and wet season 27 harems) of C. sphinx were tested for their RAPD-PCR patterns. The molecular results suggest that the nonharem males also gain access to harem females and sire more offspring in July-August breeding season (wet) than March-April breeding season (dry). These results suggest that nonharem males are reproductively active and enjoy some reproductive success.


The results of the scientific-research work on the comparison of the climatic parameters toidentify the introduction borders of Fuji cherry (Cerasus incisa) are presented.


The wireless and / or power line communication (PLC) network environment, technologies for the management of multicast and the multicast group of data assists adjustment in providing bandwidth consumption and the desired multicast data. Node indicates interest in a multicast group by transmitting a report to the upstream side. Report transmission can be suppressed to balance the needs of bandwidth and multicast data. Multicast data packets, in order to satisfy the requirements indicated by the report, may be re-transmitted downstream at a speed and / or frequency based on the multicast packet duplication or redundancy. Information such as the failed link or "withdrawal" packet may indicate that must be removed one or more downstream nodes from the transfer state. However, such removal may affect other nodes. To determine whether to continue the re-transmission / forwarding of multicast retransmission can be transmitted queries on the downstream side. Inquiry transmission may be based on the balance between the needs of query bandwidth consumption and the downstream node.


A direct excimer laser sintering process and a novel laser-induced plasma sintering process were developed for fabricating Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films from wet-coated ITO nanoparticles.


The polarographic method proved suitable for investigation of adsorption of acifluorfen (I) (5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2′-nitrobenzoic acid) on lignin. Polarographic reduction of acifluorfen in aqueous buffers (pH 7 is attributed to a decrease in protonation rate of the reduction intermediate. Unsubstituted p-nitrophenyl phenyl ether (II) shows an analogous behavior. Reduction wave of the nitro group can be used for determination of aciflurofen (I), fluorodifen (III), oxyfluorfen (IV), and bifenox (V) in the 1 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−4 M range. Adsorption of acifluorfen depends on the nature of the lignin and pH.


Educational technologies (ET), as a subset of information and communication technology, are an ever-increasing presence in schools and school libraries. Neuman's (2003) review of the school library media research suggested that the question of how students learn with electronic information sources is one of the field's key research questions for the coming decade. Although large bodies of gender and ET research exist in the fields of education and gender studies there has been relatively little related research in library and information science and even less in school library settings. Agosto reviews some of the major literature in the area and explain why this issue is relevant to school library media service.


The weed should be controlled and eliminated at their early stage. Depending upon the weed density, 20 to 30 percent loss in grain yield is quite usual which might increase up to 80 percent if adequate crop management practice is not observed. The present study was conducted in Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh, The manual weeder was fabricated by using locally available material. The developed weeder is capable of reducing time wastage, labor requirement and power consumption. The performance evaluated in terms of weeding efficiency and capacity of weeder. The minimum losses, maximum efficiency and highest quality are achieved by the developed weeder. The average efficiency of weeder was observed for single point type shovel and duck type shovel as 88.51% and 85.043% respectively. The average capacity of weeder was observed for single point type shovel and duck type shovel as 0.0512 ha/day and 0.0492 ha/day respectively


The new oxovanadium(V) complex, [VO(acac)(dametsc)] (1) (acac = acetylacetonate (-1), H2dametsc = diacetylmonoxime-4-ethylthiosemicarbazone), has been prepared and characterized by studying its physicochemical properties. The X-ray crystal structure of the complex (1) has been determined and showed the presence of vanadium(V) atom in a unique heptacoordination state with distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. The oximato ligand in the pentagonal plane is bonded to the central vanadium atom in dihapto manner with the formation of three membered ring, while the other three coordination sites in the plane are occupied by hydrazinic imine nitrogen, thiolate sulfur, and one of the acac oxygen atoms. The axial position sites are defined by the other acac oxygen and the trans oxo-atom. The supramolecular structure of the complex is exclusively constructed by intermolecular interactions, N–HO and C–H⋯O.


The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of two risk factors (gender and residence) across different variants of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In 2007-2008, Mordovian doctors participated in the international ACS Registry. The database included 391 patients, hospitalised with ACS diagnosis: 243 from the Saransk City Clinical Hospital No. 4, and 148 from rural central regional hospitals (CRH). The prevalence of different ACS variants was similar in Saransk City men and women. Among rural ACS patients, the percentage of men was higher than the proportion of women. In Saransk City patients with Q wave myocardial infarction (MI), there were more men than women (65,4% vs. 34,6%; p=0,037), while in their peers with stable angina (SA), there were more women than men (28,9% vs. 15,6%; p=0,015). Among urban patients with non-Q wave MI and unstable angina (UA), the proportion of women tended to be higher than that of men. In rural patients with Q wave MI, there were significantly more men than women (66,0% vs. 24,0%; p<0,03). However, no difference in gender distribution was observed for patients with non-Q wave MI, UA, and SA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the effects of gender and residence on CHD variants were significant only for ST segment elevation ACS and Q wave MI (2-9%; p<0,01-0,001). For non-ST segment elevation ACS, non-Q wave MI, UA, and SA, the size of these non-significant effects was <1%, or even 0%.


To study the preparation of 5-flurouracil(5-Fu) noisomes and the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in mice.5-Fu noisomes were prepared using film dispersion method.5-Fu noisomes and 5-Fu solution were carried out in mice by caudal vein injection.5-Fu concentrations of plasma and various tissues were detected by HPLC methods.Statistical methods were used to calculate the parameters of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in mice.Compared to the group of 5-Fu solution,MRT and AUC0~t of 5-Fu niosomes both were increased.Compared with 5-Fu solution,5-Fu niosomes had a sustained release and a improved bioavailability.


Membrane processes have been used in numerous applications such as drinking water production from surface water. However, in the water treatment processes with membrane, a membrane fouling is a major problem. In this paper, we investigated the effect of microbubbles (MBs) and ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) on reversible and irreversible fouling in a river water treatment with ultrafiltration process to make a drinking water. The fouling was evaluated by fouling indexes. The relation between a fouling property and a content of dissolved organic matter was also discussed. As a result, it was found that the fouling was mainly a reversible fouling due to biopolymers in feedwater. It was also confirmed that MBs and UFBs prevented sedimentation of foulants on membrane surface for both irreversible and reversible foulings. MBs were more effective to reduce the fouling than UFBs.


Introduction: The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (SCHN), in partnership with families, has designed a tool that supports families in navigating the health care system - the My Health Memory Integrated Care application (MHM). MHM provides all SCHN patients with a convenient app to access their SCHN information and communicate with clinicians. It further enables the families of children with complex and chronic conditions to manage the often overwhelming deluge of information and communication that they must coordinate within SCHN and across their local health services and community support agencies. Families are able to upload, tag, organise, search and store all documentation related to their child's care in every setting – SCHN, local health services, primary care, the community, school and home. Practice Change Implemented: A co-design approach to the development of MHM was employed, involving families from the initial stages of the service design. They were interviewed to understand their challenges in accessing care for their children and then 'shadowed' through their interactions with the health and social care systems. After the initial round of consultation a 'pretotype' of MHM was developed, and families and were observed as they interacted with MHM. Aim and Theory of Change: To facilitate partner and patient co-design in developing an integrated model of care that helps families feel safe and supported wherever they access care. Targeted Population and Stakeholders: Children with complex and chronic conditions who are enrolled in the SCHN Care Coordination Service, where a care coordinator has helped to build a circle of coordination with the child at the centre, and a family, community and hospital lead who facilitate care in their setting. Stakeholders include – alongside our families and children - clinicians and management in the tertiary children's hospitals, local hospitals, primary care, education and community Services agencies, and non-governmental organisations. Timeline: The prototype is currently under testing with the families initially engaged in the service design consultations. The app will be made available to the initial cohort in February 2017.   Highlights: The co-design approach has moved the app away from a vision of families being able to access and control hospital-generated information about their child to being the family controlled centralised repository of information from a vast number of sources, that has the room and the flexibility to store everything that families need for the daily care of their child. Sustainability: The insights from the patient co-design have implications beyond the development of MHM. Understanding from this exercise will also influence the redesign of the network's Outpatients Services and the continued evolution of the Integrated Care strategy. Transferability: There are significant similarities with the requirements for care for the frail elderly or adults with multiple chronic conditions, and the app will be easily transferable to these settings. Conclusions: Every minute spent on an additional tool needs to prove its value in tangible impact for the child, the family and what genuinely matters to them. The app needs to provide a way to immediately access critical data, while providing a view of longer-term context and have the flexibility to represent the personal care needs of each child. It needs to recognise the child as a whole, in the context of their family and their environment, and illustrate for clinicians 'what matters to me', 'what's normal for me' and 'how to communicate with me'.


This research work employed the Adomian Decomposition method to solved the various stages of dynamical damped equations. Comparison of the numerical solutions obtained with the analytical solutions at each stage indicates minimal errors, which confirmed the suitability and the efficiency of the method.


The expansion of city beyond its limits, even if it is a widely researched theme, represents a barrier for the geospatial analysis due to the process's complexity and the factors that generate it. On the other hand, accessibility as the main concept on which this paper focuses on is the main parameter for highlighting the different levels of development. In the same time facilities and their distribution explain the relationships (seen as flows of information, ideas, finances, people) between the elements of the analyzed system, bonds that in this case induce a core-periphery functionality. The outputs (classification of the localities by different levels of accessibility) offer a complex image upon the study area and could be considered also an important instrument for the policy makers' multiscalar analyses.


A new media access control (MAC) protocol for ring-topology metropolitan network (MANs) is defined. The destination-stripping dual ring (DSDR) is defined for slotted-medium dual-ring network. The main feature is the destination-stripping capability, which yields a very high throughput through immediate reuse of the slots. It is shown that the protocol can be tailored for different compromises between guaranteed throughput and total throughput. On each of the two rings, guaranteed throughput, with bounded access delay, can be close to twice the medium capacity, and total throughput, under realistic hypotheses, can be close to four times the medium capacity. The maximum interval between accesses by the same station can be as low as N/2 slot times, with N stations on the network. Multicast can be supported with the same simplicity and the same cost as in other LANs and MANs.<<ETX>>


The braking and weighing composite test-bed of farm transport vehicles was developed. According to sequence action the equipment can test the axis weigh and braking force. The computer accomplishes the sensor signal's pick-up and processing. It can test the left and right wheel's axis weigh and braking force at the same time. It indicates that the equipment achieves the goal of testing the braking force on form transport vehicles. It's precision and reliability is good, and it's easy to be maintained.


Inspired by the root cause analysis procedures common in safety, we propose a methodology for a prospective and a retrospective analysis of security and a tool that implements it. When applied prospectively, the methodology guides analysts to assess socio-technical vulnerabilities in a system, helping them to evaluate their choices in designing security policies and controls. But the methodology works also retrospectively. It assists analysts in retrieving the causes of an observed socio-technical attack, guiding them to understand where the information security management of the system has failed. The methodology is tuned to find causes that root in the human-related factors that an attacher can exploit to execute its intrusion.


By using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and rigorous simulations, we investigate the impact of gap orientation of neighboring split rings on the three lowest order eigenmodes for a metamaterial based on split ring resonators. We distinct scenarios where neighboring split rings have their gap either on the same or on opposite sides. The two lowest order eigenmodes are marginally affected, whereas the higher order eigenmode experiences a significant spectral reshaping. By modifying the period it is shown that due to a coherent interaction a huge resonance sharpening is observed. Hence potential application can be anticipated by using such materials, e.g., in sensing devices.


Polyaluminocarbosilane (PACS) as the precursor of high-temperature resistant SiC fibers was synthesized by reacting polycarbosilane (PCS) with aluminum(III)acetylacetonate [Al(AcAc)3] at 310°C in N2 under ambient pressure. The reaction mechanism and the structure of PACS were investigated in detail by FTIR, GPC, GC/MS, ESCA, and elemental analysis. The reaction was proven complex involving the formation of SiOAl and SiAlSi bonds, which were accompanied by the evolution of 3-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-oxirane, 2,3-dihydro-[1,4]dioxine, pent-3-en-2-one, and 3-ethyl-but-3-en-2-one, and acetylacetone. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2787–2792, 2002


Carbohydrate structures between retinal neurons and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) play an important role in maintaining the integrity of retinal adhesion to underlying RPE, and in retinal detachment pathogenesis. Since relevant knowledge is still in the primary stage, glycotopes on the adult retina of mongrel canines (dog), micropigs and Sprague-Dawley rats were examined by lectino-histochemistry, using a panel of 16 different lectins. Paraffin sections of eyes were stained with biotinylated lectins, and visualized by streptavidin-peroxidase and diaminobenzidine staining. Mapping the affinity profiles, it is concluded that: (i) all sections of the retina reacted well with Morniga M, suggesting that N-linked glycans are present in all layers of the retina; (ii) no detectable human blood group ABH active glycotopes were found among retinal layers; (iii) outer and inner segments contained glycoconjugates rich in ligands reacting with T (alpha) (Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr) and Tn (GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr) specific lectins; (iv) cone cells of retina specifically bound peanut agglutinin (PNA), which recognizes T (alpha) residues and could be used as a specific marker for these photoreceptors; (v) the retinas of rat, dog and pig, had a similar binding profile but with different intensity; (vi) each retinal layer had its own binding characteristic. This information may provide useful background knowledge for normal retinal physiology and miscellaneous retinal diseases, including retinal detachment (RD) and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).


The state ofwater in Nafion117membranes of various alkali an(1alkaline earth metal cation fbrms was investigated by means of dif琵rential scanning calorimetry (DSC)an(i infヤared spectroscopy(IR).Two kinds ofwater molecules existed in the membranes:f㌃eezing water molecules,which interact with the metal cations and ion exchange sites weakly and could fヤeeze at around−20。C,behaving in a mamer close to but not identical to that ofbulk waterl nonffeezing water molecules which could not trans免r to ice even at −120。C,and are considered as both the ones binding strongly with the cations and the ion exchange sites and the ones exposed to fluorocarbon environment.It was fbund that the fヤaction of fピeezing water of the membranes decreased with decreasing the hydrophility of the metal cations in the membranes an(1that the number of fヤeezing water molecules were almost the same as that of the water molecules pumped by the cations during the cation transport The water permeability of these membranes were measured using the streaming potential method as well.The results revealed that the water permeability increased with increasing water content ofthe membrane,and that the membrane equilibrated with alkali metal cations possessed a higher water permeabihty compared with the membrane equilibrated with alkaline earth metal cations with same water contents. The impedance measurement showed that the membrane conductivity seems to depend・nb・ththehydrophilicityandthevalenceofthecations,Alltheseresults indicated that the hydrophilic domain in Nafion membranes is the determining factor fbr both cation and water transports in the membranes.


○cc This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective: This study compares the characteristics of occupational accidents and illnesses in the shipbuilding industry.


To pass through analysis the reason o f the ecological environment deterioration,sumed up a measure of hamessed prospected well,rejected well in mining area anda plan of reinstated ecological environment.Ex plorated a way of mine enterprise continued development.


Memory disambiguation is a technique for removing spurious data dependences that severely limit the compiler's freedom of code-scheduling. Though dependence tests for linear array references work well in many scientific applications, they are incapable of handling pointer dereferences, which are very common in general-purpose applications written in C-like languages.This paper [1] is a survey of several recently proposed memory disambiguation schemes that can handle pointer dereferences. They are classified as either static or dynamic. Static disambiguation uses data-flow analysis to compute an approximation of the set of memory aliases at each program point. Four static disambiguators are compared. Some evidences show that they may have already achieved high accuracy in practice.Dynamic disambiguation resolves at run-time any ambiguous data dependences that cannot be determined during compilation. A pure software-based and two hardware-assisted dynamic disambiguators are examined. While they can bridge part of the gap between a raw static disambiguator and a perfect one, there is still room for improvement.Based on our studies, we propose a number of future directions to develop memory disambiguators of better performance/cost.


The purposes of the present study were to (1) determine the relationship of scores on the COPSystem Interest Inventory and scores on similar constructs of the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and (2) ascertain how frequently the three areas of interest on the COPSystem Interest Inventory receiving the highest scores by respondents corresponded to the three like-named areas of the VPI exhibiting the highest scores by the same respondents. The sample included 213 female undergraduate college students. Scales on both inventories were matched according to the name of the constructs and the theoretical assumptions of the constructs. The results indicated high correlations between scales of the two instruments measuring similar constructs. Relative to the second purpose, for 50% of the sample, results were nearly identical for both instruments, and for all members of the sample at least one highest area of interest was the same. It was concluded that some support is provided for the COPSystem constructs. Recommendations include future cross-validation studies with other college and non-college samples.


The postulates of Víctor García Hoz, on teaching staff's behaviors characterized by preferences and attitudes, have been little analyzed in postgraduate teaching programs. The present article, based on a research project, shows an experience for strengthening the ethical formation of the Cuban university teaching staff that trains administrative personnel from the postulates of the referenced author, as a contribution to personalized education. The methodology developed from an interpretative perspective is applied to professors with the highest scientific and academic categories from the Faculties of Economics, Engineering and Humanities at the University of Sancti Spiritus. The experience is designed in three phases. The first one is descriptive, based on the selection and reading of documents and discussion groups, to know the essential elements of the professional ethics in the context of the university. The second one is empirical, where intervention is implemented to strengthen the ethical education of the teaching staff. The third phase is evaluative, based on the evaluation of the feasibility and validity of the intervention from questionnaires applied to experts, discussion groups, and participant observation. The results obtained confirmed the existence of an epistemological gap in the analysis of personalized teaching in the postgraduate program. The essential lies in the critical and reflexive comparison that the teaching staff, which trains administrative personnel, can make on how its ethical precepts are transformed, how it has an impact on its classroom practices, and how it has influence on responsible and integral actions of the people being trained, as well as on the shared responsibility of both the university and teachers.


The article is devoted to presentations the author's concept research of development pedagogical competence of a future teacher of psychology in a magistracy. Author build their own concept of further research based on such scientific-theoretical and methodological foundations such as: axiological; acmeological; activity; competence, professionography; system, personal and human-centered approaches. It is established that the phenomenon of pedagogical competence was studied by scientists from various conceptual approaches, which allowed the author to build his own concept of further research, based on scientific, theoretical and methodological principles.


despite the more or less hastate leaves, somewhat resembling certain variants of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet, it was clearly a Vigna, a position confirmed by examination of the pollen which has the exine coarsely reticulate with wide lumina. It could not be matched at Kew nor could I find anything in the literature but I was reluctant to describe it without further material. Since Dr Alfonso Delgado-Salinas has been working on American Phaseoleae for many years I enlisted his help. He has seen three other specimens of what is clearly the same plant and pointed out that it is closely related to Vigna peduncularis Fawc. & Rendle (see note following description) a species of which the concept has been enlarged by the reduction to it at infraspecific rank of taxa formerly considered species; none of these has the characteristic subhastate leaflets.


Based on data obtained from local agencies, it was recorded that there were 155 family heads in Allu Hamlet, Minasa Baji Village, Bantimurung District, Maros Regency, but only 60% of family heads had family latrines that met the requirements or health standards, thus there were still 40% of family heads who did not have family latrines that met the requirements, this could be a big problem if not immediately addressed, because it could be the cause of environmental pollution which in turn could cause various diseases. The purpose of the study was to determine the utilization of family latrines in Allu Hamlet, Minasabaji Village, Bantimurung District, Maros Regency. This type of research is "Descriptive" research to determine the utilization of family latrines. Then the following conclusions can be drawn: 1).   Respondents with less knowledge have a greater chance of not utilizing a qualified family latrine, namely out of 33 respondents with less knowledge there are 27 who do not utilize a qualified family latrine. 2). Respondents with poor attitudes have a greater chance of not utilizing qualified family latrines, namely out of 37 respondents with poor attitudes there are 25 who do not utilize qualified family latrines. 3). Respondents with less income have a greater chance of not utilizing eligible family latrines, namely out of 26 respondents with less income there are 17 who do not use eligible family latrines.


Subsurface cavities form an important hazard at Al-Ain city (UAE) and suburbs. Moreover, the
historical and local observations indicated the existence of a network of Falajs in the region of Al-Ain
city. These cavities and Falajs represent a major hazard to development at many localities. According
to the regulations of the Al Ain Municipality, detailed geophysical and geotechnical investigations are
required for any development projects in Al Ain and the surrounding area in order to determine the
existence of potential cavities, Falajs or other weak zones.

Investigating subsurface cavities/ voids has been done traditionally by drilling boreholes which are
costly, may damage the subsurface structure, and produce information that is often inaccurate if
extrapolated over wider areas. Geophysical techniques with microgravity in particular provide a non
invasive means to characterize subsurface voids and karst features with a spatial sampling density that
is much higher than borings alone (e.g., Marco et al., 2011, Wesley, et al., 2011). The measurements
can also be correlated to boring data to develop models of the subsurface that extend between borings.

The present study was conducted at Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort (AWPR) area using the
microgravity method to identify the location, depth and lateral extent of any potential subsurface
voids, sinkholes, fractured bedrocks and karst features at a depth 0f 20 to 40 meters below ground
surface.


Our results of dorsal slit method in children applied with circumcision OBJECTIVE: Circumcision, one of the oldest known surgical procedures in the history of humanity, is still being applied in many different techniques over the centuries in connection with its increased knowledge. In this retrospective study, we aimed to discuss the results of the Dorsal Slit method. MATERIAL and METHODS: Between June 2011 and July 2022, 5122 cases who were circumcised using the dorsal slit technique were reviewed retrospectively. Of the cases the mean age, duration of surgery and surgical intervention results were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 4.82±3.18 years. The mean procedure time was calculated as 11.74±2.04 minutes. Complications were observed in 20 (0.39%) patients due to anesthesia and 39 (0.78%) patients due to surgical intervention. No complications that could cause mortality or morbidity were encountered. No patient underwent a second surgical intervention due to complications. CONCLUSION: In children who underwent circumcision, the Dorsal slit method is a successful surgical procedure with low complication rates. Keywords: dorsal slit method, circumcision, child


Among 3000 people with hypertension inadequately controlled by medication, who were treated with renal denervation, there were sustained reductions in systolic blood pressure and fewer major cardiovascular events over 36 months of follow-up (J Am Coll Cardiol doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.802). PACE labels Ten worksite cafeterias in England were randomised in the order in which they introduced labels containing information about physical activity calorie equivalents (PACE labels) on selected food and drinks. Experiments in transgenic mice and in cell culture now link the APOE gene with faulty lipid processing in oligodendrocytes.


In the present work, we assume the flat FRW model of the universe is filled with dark matter and dark energy where they are interacting. For dark energy model, we consider the entropy-corrected HDE (ECHDE) model and the entropy-corrected NADE (ECNADE). For entropy-corrected models, we assume logarithmic correction and power law correction. For ECHDE model, length scale L is assumed to be Hubble horizon and future event horizon. The ωde-ωde′ analysis for our different horizons are discussed.


Calix[4]pyrrole (1), calix[2]m-benzo[4]pyrrole (2), 10α,20β- and 10α,20α- bis(4-nitrophenyl)-calix[4]pyrroles 3 and 4, respectively, were found to exhibit various organocatalytic activities in the diastereoselective vinylogous addition reaction of 2-trimethylsilyloxyfuran (TMSOF, 7) to aldehydes. The γ-hydroxybutenolide products are obtained in fairly good yields and with moderate diastereoselectivity. The structures of the catalysts, as well as the reaction conditions, strongly influence the efficiency of the reaction.


A series of ongoing experiments are being conducted at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to explore integrated ground and space-based software architectures enabling sensor webs. A sensor web, as defined by Steve Talabac at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(GSFC), is a coherent set of distributed nodes interconnected by a communications fabric, that collectively behave as a single, dynamically adaptive, observing system. The nodes can be comprised of satellites, ground instruments, computing nodes etc. Sensor web capability requires autonomous management of constellation resources. This becomes progressively more important as more and more satellites share resource, such as communication channels and ground station,s while automatically coordinating their activities. There have been five ongoing activities which include an effort to standardize a set of middleware. This paper will describe one set of activities using the Earth Observing 1 satellite, which used a variety of ground and flight software along with other satellites and ground sensors to prototype a sensor web. This activity allowed us to explore where the difficulties that occur in the assembly of sensor webs given today s technology. We will present an overview of the software system architecture, some key experiments and lessons learned to facilitate better sensor webs in the future.


A total of 790 cases of nontyphoid salmonellosis distributed among 44 serotypes was registered in the County of Northern Jutland, Denmark (population 487,000) during a 3‐year period from January 1992 to December 1994. There were 45 cases of extraintestinal infection, 30 of which had a positive blood culture, 12 a positive urine culture, and 5 a positive culture of either pus or tissue. For the 9 serotypes represented by ≥5 isolates the proportion of extraintestinal isolates was inversely related to overall frequency of isolation (chi‐square test, f=1, p=0.00003). Although limited, our study is consistent with surveys in the UK and US pointing to a modifying effect of exposure on the invasiveness of nontyphoid Salmonella serotypes.


The present work is focused on the identification of 2-chloro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-oxoisoindolin-1-yl) benzenesulfonamides (5a-4k) Schiff bases as potent urease inhibitors. The Rationale behind the study was to introduce such lead candidate with lower micro-molar inhibitory values for the treatment of GIT disorders including gastric and peptic ulcer and hepatic encephalopathy. The synthesized compounds exhibited excellent anti-urease activity which was further supported by in-silico investigations. Therefore it can be suggested that these derivatives can be considered as a potential lead in future for synthesis of potent urease inhibitors.


The dense nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics with the average grain size of 30nm was prepared by the pressure assisted sintering.The Raman spectroscopy and the Rietveld refinement were employed to characterize the structural information of the nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics.The structural parameters and the reliability factors for the nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics were successfully determined by the Rietveld refinement based on the analysis of Raman spectra.A multiphase coexistence of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases at room temperature was observed in 30nm BaTiO3 ceramics.The phenomenon can be explained by the internal stress.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: proposed engine comprises main circular ionization and acceleration channel, at least one hollow cathode, circular anode, pipe with header to feed anode with ionised gas, and magnetic circuit to induce magnetic field in said main circular channel. Said main circular channel is composed around engine axis. Said node is arranged aligned with said main circular channel. Magnetic circuit comprises at least one axial magnetic core surrounded by first coil and inner rear polar tip that makes a solid of revolution, and several outer magnetic cores surrounded by outer coils. Said magnetic circuit incorporates extra, in fact radial outer first polar tip making the concave inner peripheral surface and, in fact, radial inner second polar tip making the convex outer peripheral surface. Said peripheral surface represent corrected profiles. The latter differ from circular cylindrical surface to make variable-width clearance there between. Maximum clearance is located at sections aligned with location of outer coils. Minimum clearance is set at sections located between said outer coils to produce uniform radial magnetic field. EFFECT: higher power output, decreased amount of wires and their weight. 7 cl, 8 dwg


ABSTRACT Dredged clays are commonly used in land reclamation works. These clays are excavated as lumps varying in size from few tens of millimeters to a meter. When the lumps are dumped, they are made to merge due to consolidation. But before that, the lumps invariably swell and start to disintegrate if sufficient time between the dumping of the lumps in water and the application of surcharge is permitted. The magnitude of swelling and disintegration of the clay lump would indirectly affect the magnitude of the applied surcharge needed to merge the lumps. This paper investigates the effect of size, strength and saturation on swelling and disintegration of the clay lumps submerged in water. The loss in lump's weight was the measure of disintegration. Small lumps with large specific surface area, disintegrated at a faster rate. Likewise, unsaturated lumps were also noted to swell and disintegrate quickly. On the other hand, the lumps with water content close to their liquid limit were least likely to disintegrate.


Aim: The study was conducted to examine the effects of care burden of parents whose child has a metabolic problem on of perceived social support and quality of life. Methods: This study was carried out as a descriptive-relational study with 90 children and their parents who came to endocrine department of the Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital. Zarit Maintenance Load Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and Quality of Life Scale were used. Numbers, mean, percantage, student t test, kruskal wallis and pearson correlation were used in evaluation of the data. Result: Parents who participated in the study, the mean age of was 30.21 ± 6.10 and 78.9% of the children were mother, 52.2% of the children were females and were diagnosed with 32.2% with phenylketonuria and 21.1% with biotinase deficiency. The average score care burden of the parents was 45.17 ± 9.08, the quality of life score was 20.51 ± 3.35, the perceived social support score was 40.20 ± 8.55. It has been found that there is a negative relationship between care burden of the parents and quality of life, and care burden and perceived social support. It has been found that there is a negative relationship between the quality of life of the parents and the perceived social support (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that there was a significant relationship between care burden, quality of life and perceived social support, as the level of perceived social support of parents increased, the burden of care decreased and life quality increased.


There has been relatively little written on the diagnosis and reporting of adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed in core needle biopsy specimens.


A rigid-plastic analysis of an assembly of regularly arranged circular elements with an equal diameter was made to consider the relationship between the micro- and macro-mechanisms of cohesive granular materials. No elastic constant for elements was employed whereas rolling and plastic sliding at the contact points was considered. The equations of equilibrium of elements at the critical state were solved by using the linear programming method to minimize the upper bound of the applied force. Some of the deformation modes were compared with the results of an experiment where a set of coins are used. It was found that the applied force at critical state can be obtained in a quasi-closed form by considering the condition of equilibrium of the whole assembly. Finally the global cohesion is related with the local one in a simple way when the number of elements are increasing.


This paper investigates some irreversible mechanisms occurring in homogeneous stably stratified turbulent flows. In terms of the eigenmodes of the linear regime, the velocity‐temperature field is decomposed into a vortex and two wavy components. Using an eddy‐damped quasinormal Markovian (EDQNM) closure with the axisymmetry hypothesis, an analysis of the anisotropic energy transfers between the vortex kinetic energy, the wave kinetic and potential energy is made. Within the light of triadic exchanges, and by analogy of the resonance condition for three linearly interacting gravity waves, the closure model allows one to compute the detailed transfers for eight types of interactions. Results of the calculations include time evolution plots, for the isotropic closure model as well as two different types of the anisotropic closure. The pure vortical interactions are shown to be responsible for the irreversible anisotropic structure created by stable stratification, and this structure prevents the inverse casc...


The main constraints of the tidal swamp lands in Indonesia for soybean growth are low soil pH, high Al saturation, and low nutrient availability of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. The objectives of this research were to determine tolerance of several soybean varieties to Al saturation level, and to obtain a technological package for soybean cultivation which was suitable for farmers to adopt on tidal swamp lands. The research consisted of two stages of study. The first stage formulated of technology package, and the second stage evaluated feasibility of the technology package which was formulation from the first stage. The first stage  studied  the effect of  dolomite application (20%
- 30% of soil Al saturation) on four soybean varieties (Anjasmoro, Panderman, Dega 1, and Demas). The second stage studied the effect of three technological packages: existing technology; water- saturated soybean cultivation (WSC); and alternative technology which was formulated from the results of the first study. In the 30% of soil Al saturation condition, the alternative technology package (application of 50 kg urea + 75 kg SP36 + 50 kg KCl + 1500 kg organic fertilizers/ha + rhizobium biofertilizer "Agriosy" 0.25 kg/50 g seeds/ha)  gave soybean yield of 1.78 - 2.72 t/ha for all
of soybean varieties tested. The alternative technology package with Anjasmoro variety provided higher seed yields (2.62 t/ha) compared to the existing technology (2.07 t/ha) and WSC technology package (2.44 t/ha). The alternative technology package gave a profit of 11,595,000 IRD/ha with B/C values of 1.71 which was higer than the existing and WSC technology packages. The alternative technology package was more profitable than the existing technology (current farmer practice) and water-saturated soybean cultivation technology packages.


Based on the research of operating tunnel furnaces and their analysis there were identified bottlenecks in the calcination process of ceramic bricks in tunnel kilns and proposed optimal thermal and aerodynamic modes, which determine energy-efficient and high-quality calcination of a ceramic brick in tunnel kilns, operating on natural gas. The basic principles of operation of a tunnel kiln, the distribution of the aerodynamic flow along the length of the furnace and the influence of the aerodynamic regime on the quality of calcination have been studied. The detailed analysis of the static pressure curve of the tunnel kiln was carried out. The optimal aerodynamic and thermal characteristics of ceramic bricks calcination. The concept of an availability of the necessary equipment and its optimum location is considered. The scheme of gas-air flows motion and the corresponding graph of the distribution of static pressure along the length of the working channel of a tunnel kiln are presented. The method of controlling the volume of heat carrier is considered. Bibl. 6, Fig.1.


Adequate regulation of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) secretion and expression is essential for endocrine, autonomic and behavioral stress adaptation. Maintenance of messenger RNA levels for peptide synthesis requires rapid but limited activation of CRH gene transcription. Activation of CRH transcription depends on cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling and binding of phospho-CREB to a critical cyclic AMP response element (CRE) at (cid:3) 270 in the CRH promoter. DNA methylation of the CRE CpG reduces CREB binding to the promoter affecting CRH expression. CREB-dependent activation of CRH transcription requires recruitment of the CREB co-activator, Transducer Of Regulated CREB activity (TORC). Cyclic AMP activates TORC by inhibiting salt induced kinase (SIK) type 2 allowing TORC dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Termination of the transcriptional response is essential for preventing pathology associated with chronic elevations of CRH and HPA axis activity. Glucocorticoid feedback inhibition, mainly through modulation of afferent pathways to hypothalamic CRH neurons, plays an important role. In addition, intracellular feedback mechanisms involving, Inducible Cyclic AMP Early Repressor (ICER), and cAMP-induced SIK1 activation and consecutive TORC inactivation, contribute to limiting CRH transcription. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulation of CRH expression is essential for understanding the pathogenesis and developing new therapeutic approaches for stress related disorders. and phospolipase C (PLC), resulting in increase in intracellular calcium (Ca 2 þ ) and protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Glutamate secreted by from multisynaptic projections from the limbic system interacts with NMDA and GluR5 receptors leading to increases in intracellular calcium. Both cyclic AMP and calcium phospholipid dependent pathways transactivate the MAP kinase pathway. These pathways mediate rapid CRH release from axonal terminals within seconds (CRH release). Secretion is followed by activation of CRH transcription with production of primary transcript or heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) within minutes, a process which requires cyclic AMP. The mechanism for cyclic AMP production is may involve activation of neuropeptide receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase, such as CRHR1, PACAP and GLP1, or/and activation of a calcium dependent adenylate cyclase (indicated by the broken arrow). Transcription increases CRH mRNA levels and translation to the CRH precursor protein and packing into secretory granules at the Golgi. The signaling mechanisms controlling translation and processing of the precursor protein to CRH have not been fully elucidated.


An ab initio study of the two possible pathways of ectrophilic aromatic substitution reaction catalyzed by monomeric and dimeric forms of group 13 metal halides has been performed. Optimized geometries of π, σ-complexes and corresponding transition states have been obtained at second-order Moller–Plesset/ LANL2DZ(d)+ level of theory. It is found that operation of the dimeric pathway is more favorable both thermodynamically and kinetically. Thus, it is expected that catalytical activity of the metal halide will be greatly increased if the stoichiometric ratio 2:1 is employed. Obtained results are in qualitative agreement with available experimental data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005


Objective:To investigate the effects of letrozole(LE)versus clomiphene citrate(CC)on the expression of pinopode and LIF on the mouse endometrium during implantation period.Methods:Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups including the LE group,the CC group and control group.Endometrium of the mice,on d 4.5 of pregnancy,was gained to observe pinopode change by scanning electron microscopy and to detect the expression of LIF by immunohistochemistry techniques.Results:With synchronized with pregnancy day among the three groups,the expression of not only pinopode but also LIF,on mice endometrium in LE group,were similar to that seen in control group.However,their expression in CC group was significantly poorer than that in the former two groups.Conclusion:Compared with CC for ovulation induction,LE has no effect on pinopode formation and LIF expression on mouse endometrium during implantation period.However,endometrial receptivity is taken on rejection capability in degree in CC group.


Factors like food labelling, socio-economic status, cost, gender, and others have been known to determine the food choice for food selection of an individual. Consumption of food is mostly determined only by hunger, but choosing what to eat cannot be solely determined by physiological and nutritional needs. Determinants of food choices can be classified as biological, economical, physical, social, and psychological. There are other determinants like knowledge about food, common-belief, and behavioral traits like attitude etc. All these determinants play a significant role in selecting food, and this article investigates the understanding of these determinants and their factors by reviewing related articles. The results evaluated depicts the extent to which these determinants influence an individual's food selection.


When acid fluids flow in artificial fractures, some larger pores or natural fractures are dissolved by acid to enlarge into wormholes so that acid mainly leaks through wormholes. Therefore, it must be considered the effects of acidizing wormholes on acid leak-off in naturally-fractured reservoirs. Based on the characteristics of acid flowing in naturally-fractured reservoirs, the model of acidizing wormhole growth, the model of acid flowing and reaction in wormholes and the model of acid flowing in the matrix are developed. The computing method of acid leak-off with the effects of acidizing wormholes is put forward. The effects of net fracture pressure, wormhole population and acid viscosity to wormhole growth and acid leak-off are studied by case calculation that has important meanings for controlling the leak-off of acid fracturing


In recent days, the foundations of huge structures in general and mega foundations of grand bridges and high-rise buildings in particular are required in geotechnical engineering. There have been many research works for pile-soil interaction. A relatively less work has been done on the unified analysis considering both piled foundation and superstructures. Therefore, this paper describes a new analysis and design of Piled-raft. A detailed analysis was performed for soil-structure-foundation interactions. Through the comparative studies, it was found that the discrete analysis is capable of predicting behavior reasonably well.


Age‐related osteopenia is characterized by a negative balance between bone resorption and formation. The anti‐osteoporotic drug strontium ranelate was found to reduce bone resorption and to promote bone formation. Here, we investigated the implication of the calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) in the response to strontium ranelate using osteoblasts from CaSR knockout [CaSR−/−] and wild‐type [CaSR+/+] mice. We showed that calcium and strontium ranelates increased cell replication in [CaSR−/−] and [CaSR+/+] osteoblasts. Strontium ranelate rapidly increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in [CaSR+/+] but not in [CaSR−/−] osteoblasts, indicating that strontium ranelate can act independent of the CaSR/ERK1/2 cascade to promote osteoblast replication. We also showed that strontium ranelate prevented cell apoptosis induced by serum deprivation or the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α in [CaSR−/−] and [CaSR+/+] osteoblasts, indicating that CaSR is not the only receptor involved in the protective effect of strontium ranelate on osteoblast apoptosis. Strontium ranelate activated the Akt pro‐survival pathway in [CaSR−/−] and [CaSR+/+] osteoblasts, and pharmacological inhibition of Akt abrogated the anti‐apoptotic effect of strontium ranelate. Furthermore, both the proliferative and anti‐apoptotic effects of strontium ranelate in [CaSR−/−] and [CaSR+/+] osteoblasts were abrogated by selective inhibition of COX‐2. The results provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the effects of strontium ranelate on osteoblast replication and survival involve ERK1/2 and Akt signalling and PGE2 production, independent of CaSR expression. The finding that CaSR‐dependent and CaSR‐independent pathways mediate the beneficial effects of strontium ranelate on osteoblasts, provides novel insight into the mechanism of action of this anti‐osteoporotic agent on osteoblastogenesis.


How should we perceive and anticipate the prospects for East Asian security-both Northeast and Southeast Asia-in the 21 st century? Is this region prepared for a new millennium of peace and stability, or will it be onc of the main sources of future chaos and global conflict? Western scholars have been and are still offering their observations and insights on these issues. In general, the theoretical foundation for such analyses are neo-realism and neo-liberalism, two major schools of contemporary western international relations (IR) theory. By combined analyses at structural and unit levels, they have tried to draw a picture of the region's security prospects mainly through three prisms-the 'power-structure' perspective, the 'domestic regime' perspective and the 'international institutional' perspective. Most analysts have expressed rather pessimistic views about the future of East Asian security (Brown et a!. 1996; Ross et a!. 1995; Alagapa 1998; Swaine and Tellis 2000; The Asia Foundation 2001).


Birdhearts! What are you doing just sitting there? You have things to do, darlings. The convention is nearly upon us! It's just a few weeks away, a matter of days, really! Rona has been dashing here and dashing there. You know, the hairdresser, the florist, the bird sitter. Tryouts are being held for the banquet entertainment! Rona and the Birdettes have been rehearsing for days. Again. Maybe this year. It 's so strenuous, darlings , but so worthwhile. Tap dancing your way into the hearts and minds of convention committees these days isn't as easy as it used to be, I can tell you that, birdhearts!


The optical absorption edge of CuGa(S x Se 1−x ) 2 single crystals is measured as a function of hydrostatic pressure, covering the full stability range (0 to 3O GPa) of the chalcopyrite phase. For 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, a linear increase of the direct energy gap with pressure is found. The corresponding gap deformation potential is calculated to be −4.5 eV for x = 0, −5.2 eV for x = 0.5, and −4.4 eV for x = 1. From changes in the light transmission characteristic of the samples under pressure, structural first-order phase transitions are observed


This project is to study "The Effect of Process Parameter in Injection Moulding on Surface Quality of Polypropylene (PP) Component". This injection moulding process was studied extensively in attempt to create plastic component at the highest quality possible. The Arburg Allrounder Injection Moulding was the instrument used for the moulding process to produce the "Soap Container" and "Dog Bone" Specimen as a product. There are various parameter of injection moulding involve such as Injection Pressure, Packing Pressure, Clamping force, Melt Temperature as well as other processing parameter such as injection speed and cooling time were tested. In order to optimum the parameter setting with the least amount of experiments, the theories of the Design of Experiment (DOE) is used. Selection of The Taguchi Method is applied to perform screening experiments to identify the important significant process parameters affecting quality of the surface moulding product. The process parameter has selected to use in the injection moulding process base on Taguchi Method that applied. The surface quality characteristics chosen are surface roughness and surface finish. Surface roughness can be measured by using Portable Surface Roughness tester. Tensile properties of the Polypropylene (PP) were measure by using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) were determined. Maximum value of the tensile strength will be find base on the tensile testing process. The process parameter has a significant effect to surface quality and tensile strength was able to optimize and successful for this polypropylene (PP) material.


Although there have been a large number of studies analyzing black adolescents' experiences in their family, no major study has focused on an assessment of potentially dynamic aspects of black adolescent/parent relationships through repeated measurements of the same individuals over time. In an analysis of 278 Southern, urban, black adolescents, this study examined these adolescents' perceived orientations toward their parents on closeness, openness, respect, and susceptibility to moral influence over a three-year period. This study found very few differences over time in perceived orientations. Nevertheless one result replicated itself three times: differences in perceived closeness to the father over time appeared among working-class sons, working-class daughters, and middle-class daughters. Aspects of role theory were used to explain these results.


Residential real estate is one of the most important types of assets, the lack of which becomes impossible the existence and development of the economy. For an entire sector of households, dwellings are not only a source of livelihood, but also determine the cost of living. Moreover, in the 2008 SNA Manual the production of housing services by homeowners for their own consumption is included in the production boundary (as in earlier versions of the UN SNA). This once again emphasizes the importance of studying the housing stock as the most important basis for the real estate market. In addition, the volume, dynamics and structure of the housing stock in various areas of classification is an important factor in the formation of the real estate market, its object-by-object basis, as well as the development of the activities of the subjects of this market. The above considerations determined the relevance of studying the composition and structure of the housing stock of the Russian Federation, including regional differences in the housing stock in the context of a complex of classification features.


This article investigates the effect of a change in Medicare payment regulations on for-profit hospital market values. A theoretical argument on the effects of this regulatory event is presented in which hospital managers are concerned about firm wealth but also value prestige, provider perceptions of quality, and perhaps other prerequisites. In this case, DRGs will induce hospitals to seek higher wealth because they increase the opportunity cost of nonpecuniary benefits. The issue is pursued empirically by estimating the market response to DRG legislation using seemingly unrelated regressions.


This volume contains detailed descriptions of the anaphoric system of 14 languages of South Asia, representing four linguistic families, Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Austro-Asiatic. The data for each language are presented in terms of a common, detailed outline which was guided by both current theoretical concerns and descriptive questions, and designed to allow both precise and comprehensive comparisons across the languages. Each language is described by a recognized specialist.


The effect of the particle-number symmetry restoration on the root mean square (rms) proton and neutron radii of neutron-deficient nuclei is studied in the isovector pairing case. As a first step, an expression of the nuclear radii which includes the neutron–proton pairing effects and which strictly conserves the particle-number has been established using the SBCS (Sharp BCS) method. It is shown that this expression generalizes the one obtained in the pairing between like-particles case. As a second step, the proton and neutron rms radii are numerically evaluated for even–even nuclei such as 16⩽Z⩽56 and 0⩽(N-Z)⩽4 using the single-particle energies of a Woods–Saxon mean-field. The results are compared with experimental data when available and with the results obtained when one considers only the pairing between like-particles.


ABSTRACT Chinese firms have acquired enormous overseas interests since 2000. As relative latecomers to global markets, they often invest in territories subject to high political risk, which is often heightened by poorly regulated Chinese practices. This article describes these risks to China's growing overseas economic interests and explores China's response to them. First, the Chinese party-state is gradually softening its insistence on 'non-interference', intervening to secure Chinese economic interests overseas. Second, Chinese actors are seeking to cultivate greater consent among social forces in key states. This partial convergence with the practices of other major capitalist states has important implications for debates on China's rise. These arguments are illustrated through a case study of Chinese engagement in Myanmar after 2011.


Hydrogen diffusion coefficients were measured for several alloys, and these were determined to be about the same at 25 C for all alloys investigated. The relation of structure, both metallurgical and crystallographic, to the observed hydrogen distribution on charging was investigated, as well as the role of hydride formation in the hydrogen resistance of metal alloys. An attempt was made to correlate the structures and compositions of metal alloys as well as other parameters with the ratios of their notched tensile strengths in hydrogen to that in helium, R(H2/He), which are believed to represent a measure of their hydrogen resistance. Evidence supports the belief that hydrogen permeability and hydrogen resistance are increased by smaller grain sizes for a given alloy composition.


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The phenomenon of interlocking has been used to look at economic connections during the early stages of development and more recently in modern finance theories to explain inefficiencies in banking systems. A controversy exists as to its effects. This paper argues that a well-formed interlocked network can be an inefficient equilibrium for development, reached through the channel of diminished banking sector profitability, and we need further research in this area to fully understand the issues associated with small, peripheral economies on the path of modern economic growth.


The "inferior metal" in contrast with "superior metal"appeared in Discourses of States is interpreted as iron by most scholars.However,this paper holds that this interpretion is misunderstanding without regard to the context and the history of metallurgy and farm implements.The contextual meanings of the several "jin" refer to the same metal,ie.copper.The reason is that the man-made iron and iron farm implements were quite rare then,which could not be regarded as "inferior metal".As other metals,copper's quality varies with metallurgy technology,and the "inferior metal"is just the copper with poor quality.


Neonatal endotracheal intubation is a challenging procedure during transport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the emergency intubation guidelines followed by our Neonatal Emergency Transport Service (NETS).


Novel dual thermoresponsive block copolymers displaying lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) were synthesized by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of two proline-based monomers. Poly(N-acryloyl-l-proline methyl ester), poly(A-Pro-OMe), was selected as a thermoresponsive segment, whereas poly(N-acryloyl-4-trans-hydroxy-l-proline), poly(A-Hyp-OH), could be regarded as a water-soluble polymer. The block copolymer having suitable comonomer composition (A-Pro-OMe/A-Hyp-OH = 27/73) exhibited soluble−insoluble−soluble transition with lower (LCST = 19−21 °C) and upper (UCST = 39−45 °C) critical solution temperatures in acidic water. The comonomer composition of poly(A-Pro-OMe)-b-poly(A-Hyp-OH) and pH value in the aqueous solution were found to affect characteristic thermoresponsive behaviors. The temperature-dependent assembled structures and chiroptical properties were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and circula...


Introduction The distribution of Canada's immigrant population largely reflects previous immigration history and channelized migration flows, particularly to the three immigrant magnets of Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. Despite hopes or preferences for immigrant dispersion after entry to Canada, the immigrant population has become increasingly concentrated in Canada's metropolitan areas, with new immigrants more likely to choose Toronto or Vancouver as their initial destination as compared to two decades ago (Hou 2004, 2005; Schellenberg 2004), while a decreasing number of immigrants settle outside the largest metropolitan areas (Hyndman and Schuurman 2004). Together, the evolving immigrant settlement pattern has raised public concerns regarding their spatial distribution and their socio-economic and socio-demographic impact on receiving communities (Hou 2004). In response to growing concerns over the spatial concentration of immigrants, the federal and provincial governments have moved to encourage the dispersal of immigrants out of Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Aided by a series of policy tools, the intent is to direct immigrants to smaller centres (Hou 2004). Yet, these policies, and most related analytical studies, have focused on the initial destination of new arrivals, or where immigrants first settle in Canada. In fact, the initial destination may be very different from their intended (stated) destination, with relatively little work evaluating the secondary migration of new arrivals at a national scale and in the period immediately after arrival. Once in Canada, however, there are no policies or restrictions on post-arrival moves, and individuals are free to relocate. Moreover, policies of dispersion could be counterproductive, as the relative isolation of new arrivals can be disruptive to their integration, particularly among refugees (Simich et al. 2002). Clearly, policies aimed at immigrant dispersion will only work if non-gateway centres can retain immigrants. Evidence from the United States and Canada, however, suggests that new immigrants are highly mobile, particularly in the period immediately after arrival, implying the potential for considerable adjustments to the spatial patterns of new arrivals as location choices are solidified in response to housing needs, personal preferences and broader social, cultural and economic needs (Moore and Rosenberg 1991; Newbold 1996, 1999b; Ram and Shin 1999; Smith 2004). This argument implies, therefore, that any settlement pattern established at the time of arrival could be relatively short-lived. As such, ignoring the immediate post-arrival secondary migrations of new arrivals in Canada is problematic and short-sighted. Even with this mobility, however, the geographical concentration of immigrants does not appear to change over time, although it may increase immigrant concentration in large metropolitan areas (CIC 2000; Moore and Rosenberg 1995). Still, it is likely that immigrant settlement patterns are inherently more dynamic and diverse than those observed at the time of the census. Settlement patterns, e.g., are likely to be differentiated by the intended settlement choice (the destination identified to immigration officials at entry), the initial settlement choice (where immigrants initially settle, including short-term distributional changes), and the established settlement pattern (the long-run distribution and settlement pattern of the immigrant population) (Newbold 1999a, 1999b; Hou 2005). However, such distinctions have not been fully or adequately explored within the Canadian literature. Moreover, settlement patterns and secondary migration propensities are also likely to vary with respect to immigrant type (i.e., refugees, economic immigrants, family reunification arrivals), a question that has remained relatively unexplored within the literature due to data limitations. Utilizing wave 1 of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), the purpose of this article is twofold. …


In Andrea (1995, 1999), a generalized L/sub 2/ framework for controller design has been developed which can be used to solve robust performance problems for systems with full structured LTV uncertainty. LMI solutions have been developed (Andrea, 1999) which offer an attractive alternative to /spl mu/ synthesis involving D-K iteration. The purpose of this paper is to give a tutorial demonstration of a simple relation between generalized L/sub 2/ and /spl mu/ synthesis for simple scalar robust tracking and disturbance problems.


Emergency vehicles (EVs), such as ambulances, police vehicles, and fire-fighting trucks, play an essential role in delivering emergency services in our society. To decrease the negative impact of EVs on normal traffic, a traffic guidance strategy is proposed for the evacuation of regular vehicles on the road of the EV. Queuing theory is used to provide equilibrium guidance for the evacuation. Furthermore, lane-changing and traffic light preemption strategies are used to prioritize the EV. A simulation experiment is conducted on a map of Huangdao District, Qingdao City, China with the platform of SUMO. The proposed method is validated on three types of traffic flow density. Compared with the existing state-of-the-art strategies, the superiority of our approach is verified from the aspects of EV's average waiting time and the time loss of other vehicles.


Understanding the advantages and limitations of inhaler devices for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease helps clinicians in choosing the proper device for the individual patient's clinical needs and preferences. However, with the wide range of permutations of drug combinations now possible, inhaler selection remains challenging. For all inhaler devices, adequate training for patients on how to use their device is required to achieve optimal therapeutic benefits.


Abstract Post Processed Static (PPS) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques are not new; however, they have been refined over the decades. As such, today these techniques are offered online via GPS (Global Positioning System) data processing services. In this study, one Post Processed Static (OPUS) and one Precise Point Positioning (CSRS-PPP) technique is used to process 24 h GPS data for a CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations) station (P565) duration of year 2016. By analyzing the results sent by these two online services, subsidence is determined for the location of CORS station, P565, as 3–4 cm for the entire year of 2016. In addition, precision of these two techniques is determined as ∼2 cm. Accuracy of PPS and PPP results is 0.46 cm and 1.21 cm, respectively. Additionally, these two techniques are compared and variations between them is determined as 2.5 cm.


The present paper discusses an important part of the framework conditions for innovation in a number of European countries (France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom) as well Japan and the United States through a comparison of the development of the financial systems in these countries. The main focus is whether a convergence can be observed between what is traditionally perceived as market based and credit based systems respectively. Based on quantitative statistics it is concluded that a convergence has taken place, and it is becoming increasingly more difficult to divide national financial systems into two main categories based on quantitative data alone. But differences still remain, and the paper continues by discussing reasons for convergence and divergence respectively. These reasons include internationalization, differences in industrial structure, as well as changes in national and international regulation. Before turning to a discussion of the policy perspectives of the observed development the paper discusses the financial systems ability to finance different types of transactions.


Employees, including public employees, have been taking increasing portions of their compensation in the form of fringe benefits in order to avoid, or at least postpone, paying income taxes. Focusing on state income taxes paid by policemen and firemen, this paper estimates the effect of variation in the rates of such taxes on the form of compensation. This method avoids a potential bias found in studies that estimate the effect of the federal income tax on fringe benefits. The results show that police officers and firefighters do indeed respond to differences in state income tax rates, and that the combined effect of state and federal income taxes amounts to a fairly large deadweight loss associated with state income taxes if compared to the revenue collected.


Ninety-seven randomly selected, Board-certified, primary care pediatricians in 5 New England states were interviewed by 2 physicians to explore attitudes toward previous training and current sources of knowledge in developmental pediatrics. Formal training in development was rated as inadequate by 79% (statistically independent of year of medical school graduation): residency was viewed as highly valuable by only 30%, and 47% rated medical school as having no value. Although clinical experience was reported as a valuable source of knowledge by 99%, 63% did not regard it an adequate substitute for formal training.Professional contacts were described as a highly valuable ongoing source of knowledge by 48%. Thirty percent reported weekly contact with a psychologist. At least monthly communication was reported with a neurologist (75%), learning disability specialist (60%), audiologist (51%), guidance counselor (45%), classroom teacher (44%), and speech pathologist (39%). Social class and size of practice did not correlate with differences in consultation patterns. Those practicing more than 30 miles from a medical center were more likely to have monthly contact with a physical therapist (P<.001) and guidance counselor (P<.01).A part-time longitudinal clinical experience for further education was preferred by 97%. Improved training with greater interdisciplinary content is needed.


This paper addresses the problem of steering a swarm of autonomous agents out of an unknown maze to some goal located at an unknown location. This is particularly the case in situations where no direct communication between the agents is possible and all information exchange between agents has to occur indirectly through information "deposited" in the environment. To address this task, an ε-greedy, collaborative reinforcement learning method using only local information exchanges is introduced in this paper to balance exploitation and exploration in the unknown maze and to optimize the ability of the swarm to exit from the maze. The learning and routing algorithm given here provides a mechanism for storing data needed to represent the collaborative utility function based on the experiences of previous agents visiting a node that results in routing decisions that improve with time. Two theorems show the theoretical soundness of the proposed learning method and illustrate the importance of the stored information in improving decision-making for routing. Simulation examples show that the introduced simple rules of learning from past experience significantly improve performance over random search and search based on Ant Colony Optimization, a metaheuristic algorithm.


Theories of Formation: Oceanus Procellarum is the largest area of mare surface on the Moon. It is unusual not only because of its size but because of its shape, roughly in the form of an arc. There once was a consensus that Oceanus Procellarum flooded part of the floor of a great basin, first named the Gargantuan basin (Cadogan, 1974; Hawke and Head, 1977; Stuart-Alexander and Howard, 1970) and then the Procellarum basin (Wilhelms et.al., 1987). This theory was called into question with a proposal that flooding of an outer trough of the Imbrium multi-ringed basin formed Oceanus Procellarum (Spudis, 1993; Spudis, et al., 1988; Pike and Spudis, 1987). Flooding of three basins: This paper suggests a third possible formation process; Oceanus Procellarum may have flooded three underlying basins that happened to form an arc. Examination of Clementine elevation data (USGS PIGWAD map) suggests that three basins underlying Oceanus Procellarum could explain both the flooding by lava and also certain plateaus projecting above the mare surface. Examination of Lunar Orbiter photographs revealed supporting evidence of radial ejecta patterns associated with two of these possible basins. Clementine topographic data: Figure 1 shows a part of a Clementine topographic map showing Oceanus Procellarum. Note that there are three depressions (deeper blue areas on the map of Fig. 1) in the surface of Oceanus Procellarum, probably formed by the cooling of lava. Deeper lava would contract more in cooling. The characteristics of the proposed basins are summarized in Table 1.


For severe heart failure because of congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, and dilated cardiomyopathy, heart transplantation is the de nitive treatment approach for patients. However, a lack of donor organs remains a longstanding and serious problem worldwide. Arti cial hearts, such as le ventricular assist devices, present problems related to thromboembolism, infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, and nite durability. Direct injection of isolated skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow-derived cells or cardiac stem cells has already been used clinically as a method to improve heart function by regenerating the myocardium and blood vessels. However, direct injection of the dissociated cells has shown to be slightly e ective, and it is o en di cult to control the form, dimensions or position of implanted cells. In an attempt to solve these problems, research has been initiated on reconstructing functional three-dimensional cardiac gra s using tissue engineering methods as a treatment for the next generation. Cell sheet transplantation has already been shown to be able to cure damaged hearts. In addition to cardiac patches transplanted directly onto damaged hearts, the next challenge is to fabricate organ-like tissues, such as tubular or spherical structures that are able to function as a cardiac pump with the potential for circulatory support.


for me to see, her on account of repeated attacks of epistaxis. She gave a history of having suffered from the same lnemorrhage a year ago, which stopped after using ice, etc. Several years since she had a slight " stroke," havinig lost the use of her limbs for a short time; but, finally, she entirely recovered. The bleeding, on the present occasion, was very profuse, and she refused to have her nostrils plugged until syncope supervened. I then plugged the nose, and no blood of any consequience has appeared since. She called my attention one day to the under-surface of her tongue, and I was surprised to see the very varicose condition of the veins. She is 74 years of age, and the arcus senilis is well marked. J. WHITEHOUSE, F. R. C. S. Eng., Sunderland.


Reduced cortical inhibition by parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons has been associated with impaired cortical processing in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and altered EEG signals such as oddball mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia. However, establishing the link between reduced PV interneuron inhibition and reduced MMN experimentally in humans is currently not possible. To overcome these challenges, we used detailed computational models of human PFC microcircuits, and modeled schizophrenia microcircuits by integrating gene-expression data from schizophrenia patients indicating reduced PV interneuron inhibition output and NMDA input. We simulated spiking activity and EEG in microcircuits with different levels of reduced PV interneuron mechanisms and showed that a double effect of the reduction indicated by gene-expression led to a significantly reduced MMN amplitude as seen in Schizophrenia patients, whereas a single effect produced a smaller reduction in MMN that matched the magnitude seen in patients at high-risk of schizophrenia. In addition, we showed that simulated resting EEG of schizophrenia microcircuits exhibited a right shift from alpha to beta frequencies. Our study thus links the level of reduced PV interneuron inhibition to distinct EEG biomarkers that can serve to better stratify different severities of schizophrenia and improve the early detection using non-invasive brain signals.


The argument that gender-specific career development theories neglect important categories of life concerns for both women and men is considered, and the implications for assessment and counseling are discussed. Recommendations for expanding theory, assessment, and counseling are provided.


Through the ages, a major portion of fats and oils produced by man has been used as human food and animal feed. For little more than a century, most of the inedible fats, together with substantial proportions of edible fats and oils, have served as raw material for the production of bulk commodities such as soaps and detergents, paints and varnishes, as well as lubricants and plastics. These products are beneficial on account of their physical and chemical properties. The biological properties of some naturally occurring lipids are being recognized and appreciated since the 1930ies. As a result of intensive research efforts, the structures of these substances, notably of the fat-soluble vitamins, hormones, essential fatty acids and oxylipids derived therefrom, pheromones, platelet activating factor and other ether lipids, are now known. Both naturally occurring lipids and semisynthetic or synthetic analogues are being applied in agriculture, bio-medical research and clinical therapy. A 'fat tree' devised in 1958 by the late H. P. Kaufmann illustrates the wide applicability of fats and oils at that time. The present article includes a figure showing further ramifications of Kaufmann's tree. The structures, properties, and uses of the substances added recently are outlined in a series of publications that appeared in a special issue of the journal Fat Science Technology.

Fette und andere Lipide aus Einzellern, Pflanzen und Tieren

Die grostechnische Produktion von Speisefetten und -olen forderte die Seifenfabrikation und fuhrte zu Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts zur Entwicklung der oleochemischen Industrie. Die Produkte dieses Industriezweiges, wie zum Beispiel Waschmittel, Schmiermittel und Lacke, erwiesen sich aufgrund ihrer physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften in vielen technischen Bereichen als nutzlich. Seit den Dreisiger Jahren finden vor allem die biologischen Eigenschaften naturlich vorkommender Lipide, wie zum Beispiel Vitamine, Hormone und Pheromone, besonderes Interesse. Diese Naturstoffe sowie synthetische Substanzen derselben oder ahnlicher Struktur finden in der Landwirtschaft, der bio-medizinischen Forschung und klinischen Therapie Verwendung. H. P. Kaufmann veranschaulichte im Jahre 1958 mit einem "Fettbaum" die vielfaltige Nutzung von Fetten samt ihren Begleitstoffen, Fettsauren und Oleochemikalien. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt, wie sich der Fettbaum seit jener Zeit weiter entwickelt hat. Strukturen, biologische Eigenschaften und Anwendungen vieler neuer Produkte wurden 1992 in einem Sonderheft dieser Zeitschrift beschrieben.


The paper presents the research with nondestructive investigations methods. The researches were done using the ultrasonic wave's method. The sample were made by construction carbon steels with a carbon content from 0,01% C to 0,8% C. The used samples are cylindrical with a controlled width. Using ultrasonic device with own computer and mathematical relation, in the paper were made a correlation between ultrasonic waves attenuation and mechanical properties of the construction carbon steel. The researches allow establishing charts like wave attenuation versus hardness, wave attenuation versus strength and wave attenuation versus chemical composition, and the correlations between these charts. At the end of the paper it is presented a computer program named "Analyzer" which permit to obtain not only the chards but it is possible to see in three dimensions the variation of the parameters.