Objective
To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factors -1(IGF-1) in serum and phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor in spinal cord in mouse model of bone cancer pain.

Methods
Sixty male C3H/HeJ mice weighed 18-22 g were randomly divided into Sham group(n=30) and Tumor group(n=30). The mice in Tumor group were inoculated with NCTC fibrosarcoma cells in the right femur bone marrow cavity. Paw withdrawl mechanical threshold(PWMT) and the number of spontaneous flinches(NSF) were measured on 1d before inoculation and on 4 d, 7 d, 10 d, 14 d, 21 d after inoculation(n=8). At each time point, the mice of each group were taken blood by removal eyeball and the samples of blood were obtained to detect the expression of IGF-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(n=4). The mice after taken blood on 14 d after inoculation were perfused and the samples of spinal cord lumber(L3~5) segment were obtained to detect the expression of phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor by immunofluorescence assay(n=6).

Results
Compared with Sham group, PWMT was significantly decreased(P<0.05) and NSF was significantly increased(P<0.05) on 7~21 d after inoculation. Compared with baseline value and Sham group(baseline value(27.33±0.52)pg/ml, Sham group(29.11±1.86)pg/ml, (24.51±3.61)pg/ml, (23.33±4.59)pg/ml, (25.29±2.99)pg/ml), the expression of IGF-1 in serum was significantly increased on 7~21 d after inoculation in Tumor group((39.76±3.92)pg/ml, (36.93±2.18)pg/ml, (38.85±2.40)pg/ml, (39.70±2.62)pg/ml). The mean fluorescence intensity of phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor was significantly higher on 14d after inoculation in Tumor group(2.40±0.11) compared with Sham group(0.05±0.01).

Conclusion
Expression of IGF-1 in serum and phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor in spinal cord were significantly increased in mice with bone cancer pain, and this change may be involved in the development and maintenance of bone cancer pain.

Key words:
Bone cancer pain; Insulin like growth factor-1; Phosphorylation insulin like growth factor-1 receptor


I argue that the 'aoristic' operators, which are intended to describe the logic of vagueness, do not form a standard modal logic. I redefine the operators so that they do form a standard modal logic, provide a semantics of that logic, and argue that the logic is not as strong as standardly claimed.


Aiming at the problems in analyzing composed protocols,this paper presented a logic model for formal analysis of composed protocols with its protocol specification,logic syntax,logic semantics and corresponding proof system.It defined secrecy and authentication properties,classify protocol composition into parallel composition and sequential composition,and proposed the corresponding composition theorems.At last,it discussed the IKEv2 protocol and the result shows that the IKEv2 protocol composed of two safe sub-protocols is safe.


Aim: to study characteristics of the central hemodynamics (CHD) in patients with severe abdominal sepsis with different outcomes of the disease. Materials and Methods. 18 patients with abdominal sepsis, aged 50.2±3, with the APACHE II and SOFA severity scoring of 13.7±0.8 and 8.4±0.5, respectively, were enrolled in the retrospective study. The CHD was stud& ied using the transpulmonary thermodilution. The following groups were identified: Group 1 (deceased, n =9) and Group 2 (survivors, n =9). The groups did not differ ( P >0.05) in age, sex, and the severity of the condition at admis& sion to the ICU. The significance of differences was assessed using the t&test and the chi&squared test. The prog& nostic value of the parameters was studied using the ROC analysis.


ABSTRACT This study compares the sustainability reporting practices of family companies with those of their non-family counterparts and examines whether the former owned by billionaires engage differently with sustainability reporting compared to their counterparts. The empirical analysis is based on 360 companies from 17 European countries. A propensity score matching (PSM) procedure was adopted and we selected 180 family companies and 180 non-family companies. The former group includes 90 owned by European billionaires listed in the Forbes 2019 World Billionaires Ranking and 90 not owned by billionaires. Findings are consistent with the argument that family companies attach greater importance to sustainability reporting. Within the family company arena, findings reveal that greater prominence is attributed to sustainability issues on corporate websites when the family company's CEO is a family member and the level of family ownership is lower. The results revealed mixed evidence regarding differences between family companies owned by billionaires and their counterparts. The prominence attributed to sustainability issues on corporate websites by family companies owned by European billionaires is greater than that of family companies not owned by billionaires, but only when using a less stringent measure of prominence. These findings emphasise the importance of exploring family companies as a heterogeneous group.


In this study,a real-time RT-PCR(RRT-PCR) was developed to detect velogenic and mesogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus(NDV) in live poultry and its products using TaqMan procedure by the screening and optimization of multiple pairs of primers between up-and down-streams of NDVF gene,probes and reaction conditions.The detection limit of RRT-PCR for velogenic and mesogenic strains of NDV in allantoic fluid was 10~(-5)~10~(-7),less sensitive than that of virus isolation(VI) in embryonated chicken eggs(10~(-8)~10~(-9)),which was determined by testing the infective allantoic fluid of 10 strains at 10-fold serial dilution.The results also clearly demonstrated the high specificity of developed RRT-PCR for the detection of velogenic and mesogenic strains of NDV by testing all collected NDV stains and other avian virus including subtype H5 and H9 of AIV,IBDV,IBV,KIBV,CAAV,DPV and DVHV.Furthermore,results from comparative studies of RRT-PCR and VI using the different kinds of tissue homogenates,tracheal and cloacal swabs,which were collected from the broilers experimentally infected by NDV,and using clinical samples,showed the similar sensitivity between RRT-PCR and VI.in examination of NDV in tissues and tracheal and cloacal swabs.RRT-PCR was specific and rapid,and it only takes 4 hours from sample processing to obtaining results,suitable for screening samples in large scale.So it is advantageous to the exaltation of detection efficiency,especially in nowdays when fast detection in ports is highly emphasized.Therefore,this study has great significance for the entry-exit quarantine of poultry and its products.


Conclusions: This patient reported a substantial improvement in sleep quality, with the absence of snoring, no signs of excessive daytime sleepiness, and a significant reduction in polyglobulia, with hemoglobin at 17.8 g% and hematocrits at 52%. On the last return to the clinic, after 4 months of progress, the patient exhibited 91% SpO2 in ambient air and reported no oxygen support or shortness of breath during activities of daily living. Quick recognition and intervention with noninvasive ventilation therapy has proven effective in reducing PaCO2 and increasing PaO2, as well as improvements gas exchange, lung volume, and SpO2 during sleep.


The study was conducted during 2018 cropping season at Dugda Woreda to investigate the effect of in situ moisture conservation techniques on grain yield and yield components of maize. Treatments comprised of tied ridge, furrow closed at both end and farmer's practices (as the control). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication. The grain yield and thousand seed weight showed highly significantly difference (p 0.05) varied on tied ridge, furrow closed at both end and farmer practice, respectively. Tied ridge practices had increases maize grain yield and thousand seed weight (g) by up to 45.52% (2.7913 ton ha-1) and 41.43% above farmer practice (control), respectively. Also furrow closed at both end increased the grain yield and thousand seed weight (g) by up to 30.68% (1.882 ton ha-1) and 27.63% as compared to farmers' practice, respectively. These results claim the potential use of tied ridge and furrow closed at both end improved grain yield and thousand seed weight in the study areas by enhancing moisture in the soil. Therefore, in situ moisture conservation (tied ridge and furrow closed at both end) structure is a promising moisture conservation structures to mitigate dry spell period and improve maize production in the study area and similarly agro ecology.

 Key words: Tied ridge, furrow closed at both end, yield, moisture deficit.


Abstract: One of Hyman Minsky's most important contributions is the Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH), which explains why capitalist economies experience periods of optimism (booms) and pessimism (bust). At the beginning of a cycle, businesses take on more debt, but they are conservative, and the principal is easily paid back (a hedge position). As optimism grows, so does risk-taking and businesses take on more debt. At some point they can only afford to pay interest on that debt (speculative position). In the most extreme case, businesses take on so much debt that they can neither pay the principal nor make interest payments (Ponzi position). Minsky wrote about financial instability (e.g., 1975, 1982) before U.S. households had taken on large levels of debt. Minsky focused on businesses since they were the debt drivers. Today household debt is at record levels, so it makes sense to understand how financially unstable U.S. households are and what this means for the economy. We begin the article by arguing that Minsky's categories should be applied to households; then we operationalize them using the Federal Reserve's Survey of Consumer Finances. This enables us to measure changes in household financial instability using a Minsky-inspired framework and draw some conclusions.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate and introduce the current status of acupuncture clinical trials in Japan. Methods: We performed a database search of controlled clinical trials (CCTs) published in Japan, using 'Igaku Chuo Zasshi (Japana Centra Revuo Medicina) CD-ROM version (between 1987–2000)' and an independent search. Parallel or crossover designed trials which assessed the efficacy of needle acupuncture were included. Results: We located 32 published papers (24 full papers and eight abstracts), which reported 34 trials. Only two of these were listed in Medline or the Cochrane Library. Conditions examined were musculoskeletal pain (20 trials including 10 for low back pain and three for sciatica), neck and shoulder stiffness (four trials) and miscellaneous conditions (10 trials). Thirty-three trials were described as randomized, although seven trials employed a quasi-random method. Applying the 5-point Jadad quality assessment scoring system, the mean score was 1.85 ± 1.16 (SD). Eighteen (53%) of the reports were conducted to determine a more effective procedure of acupuncture, these compared a certain type of acupuncture with another type of acupuncture or specific additional points. Conclusions: Japanese acupuncture CCTs, which are rarely listed in the Western databases, differ in several respects from Western reports. Systematic reviews including non-English papers with collaboration among authors representing different languages would promote more thorough scientific evaluation of complementary and alternative medicine.


This chapter assesses various marketing concepts as they were applied in 5 case studies. Many programs for the provision of contraceptive services have evolved based on the demand for services by the general public. The delivery of vasectomy services in both England and in the US evolved 1st in the private sector based entirely on demand. The clinic established in Brazil reflects the desires of the target audience as exemplified by the name of the clinic PROPATER ("for the father"). Given the success of vasectomy in Guatemala which has the highest ratio of male to female sterilization procedures in all Latin America the adition of sterilization to on going well accepted family planning services appears to be 1 way to achieve success without undertaking a formal market analysis. In Mexico a proper market survey was undertaken and the findings were used to design an educational program which promoted vasectomy. Of the 5 case studies presented PROPATER in Brazil appears to have focused the greatest attention on packaging its services for accessibility. Reaching potential clients is probably the most important of the entire complex of elements which make up marketing theory. Mass media have played a key role in the promotion of vasectomy in the countries viewed in the case studies. For all marketing endeavors it is essential to assess the impact of the activity at regular intervals. This ensures the greatest possible output at the lowest possible cost. The Guatemala case study credits the positive attitude of personnel in treating clients as customers for the success of APROFAMs program. The number of vasectomies performed at PROPATER increased in conjunction with the introduction of the recent promotional campaign. The US media created a positive public response to sterilization in the US in the late 1960s and 1970s. The case study from England does not indicate whether specific evaluative efforts other than retrospective surveys of acceptor characteristics have been undertaken.


The trend of the last 50 years has been to reduce taxes on the wealthy. But this article argues that the United States has come to the end of that trend. The need for additional federal revenue, and rising wealth and income inequality are fueling a change in direction. There is rising support in Congress for higher taxes on the wealthy, strong support in public opinion polls, increasing numbers of the wealthy supporting higher taxes on themselves, and economic research showing that the economic cost of higher taxes on the rich is minimal. Although it will not happen soon, it is inevitable that taxes on the wealthy will rise in the future.


Around 6 p.m. each evening, the streets of Boston's suburbs come alive with the physically fit and those aspiring to be. They are runners, bikers, walkers, and scooter riders of all different body shapes and ages who would seem to have little in common except one thing-an electronic band wrapped around their wrist. For many of these people, it's hard to imagine life without the daily nagging from a personal health device to meet their daily prescript of 10,000 steps.


Bulk MnBi, prepared by rapid quenching from the liquid and subsequent annealing at 400°C, undergoes a structure evolution at 348°C. Above this temperature, MnBi is paramagnetic. By quenching from 400°C, this high temperature phase of MnBi is retained at room temperature and is ferromagnetic with a Curie point at 170°C.


Background Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder characterized by milky white patches. It is caused by destruction of melanocytes because of an uncertain etiology. Oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis is highly considered in vitiligo pathogenesis. Antioxidants, including the Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins, iron, zinc, and others, were found to be impaired in patients with vitiligo. Objective To assess the role of OS in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and to decide whether is it a local dysfunction, systemic process, or both. Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted, in which serum and tissue levels of FoxO3a, zinc, and iron were estimated in 50 patients with vitiligo and 30 age-matched and sex-matched healthy volunteers. FoxO3 levels were measured using ELISA kits. Iron and zinc levels were measured using colorimetric methods. Results No significant difference was found between serum FoxO3a levels in patients and controls (P=0.427), whereas lesional FoxO3a was significantly lower than its level in the skin of controls (P<0.001). Zinc and iron levels were significantly lower in serum and tissue of patients with vitiligo than in controls (P<0.001 for each). Conclusion Both serum and tissue levels of antioxidants are probably involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, tissue OS may be affected more. Some antioxidants, such as, zinc, may be involved more than others.


Background This study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine in patients with cervical cancer and its effect on cellular immunoglobulin, serum sugar chain antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Methods Conventional chemotherapy was performed in control and observation groups. Meantime, the observation group received traditional Chinese medicine. Finally, the clinical efficacy, immunoglobulin, serum tumor markers, and serum TNF-α of the two groups were compared. Results Compared with the control group, total effective rate in the observation group was increased. After treatment, serum CD8+, TNF-α, CA125, and CEA levels were reduced in the two groups, and the observation group was higher. In the two groups, CD3+ and CD4+ levels were enhanced after treatment, and the observation group was also higher. Compared with the control group, the immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, and IgM levels increased in the observation group. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was reduced compared to the control group. Conclusion Chemotherapy combined with traditional Chinese can help improve the clinical efficacy and immunity in patients with cervical cancer. Moreover, the safety and feasibility of the treatment method are relatively high.


This paper describes ISEE plasma and magnetic fluctuation observations during two crossings of the plasma sheet boundary layer in the Earth's magnetotail. Distribution function observations show that the counterstreaming ion components undergo pitch-angle scattering and evolve into a shell distribution in velocity space. This evolution is correlated with the development of low frequency, low amplitude magnetic fluctuations. However, the measured wave amplitudes are insufficient to accomplish the observed degree of ion pitch-angle scattering locally; the near-Earth distributions may be the result of processes occurring much farther down the magnetotail. Our results show a clear correlation between the ion component beta and the relative streaming speed of the two components, suggesting that electromagnetic ion/ion instabilities do play an important role in the scattering of PSBL ions.


CAPECON is an acronym for Civil Applications and Economical Effectivity of Potential UAV Configurations. CAPECON is an RTD project submitted to the EC Fifth Program Call, Growth 2001. The Vision of the program is that "Within 10 years UAVs will be operated within Civilian Airspace on behalf of many Civilian & Commercial Missions". Twenty organizations are participating in the Program, including industries, institutes and universities - from eight European countries. The two most important challenges facing civil operation of UAVs are safety and cost and CAPECON is addressing both of these issues. The main activities of the CAPECON program are the definition and systematic study of three basic UAV concepts: High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE), Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE), and Rotary type. The study of several configurations is being carried out to analyze their suitability for the civil applications identified and their derived requirements. This study and analysis is being evaluated, using the cost model developed within the Program. The project output - expected by the end of April 2005 - will be a set of configurations and technologies, evaluated for safety and cost. The results will form a set of recommendations for the design of safe and cost effective UAVs for civilian use. A comprehensive Roadmap will be established in order to promote the recommendations and the enabling technologies required for realizing them. This paper is based on extensive work performed by members of the CAPECON consortium during the first 28 months of the program. I. Introduction CAPECON is motivated by the vision: "Within 10 years UAVs will be operated within Civilian Airspace on behalf of many Civilian & Commercial Missions" CAPECON is a research project submitted in response to the European Commission Call "Growth 2001". The project is part of the UAVNET ex-ante cluster, together with a project named USICO, which promotes safety and regulations for the operation of civil UAVs. CAPECON seeks to advance the utilisation of safe and economically viable Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) in the civilian commercial sphere. CAPECON surveys in-depth the applications of potential users, and has already produced some reliable safety and cost assessments. It is a research synthesis of critical technologies, configuration design, simulation and cost appraisal methods, aimed at the design and production of safe and commercially viable, civilian UAVs. The project has concentrated primarily on configurations and technologies suited to HALE (High Altitude, Long Endurance) and MALE (Medium Altitude, Long Endurance) missions but also Rotary UAVs are considered. Currently the commercial potential for the civilian use of UAVs is largely untapped; hence CAPECON potentially enables its partner organisations to gain a leading role in this emerging technology.


First principle calculations have been performed to study the interface structure effect on physical properties of the Fe/BaTiO3/Fe junction. It is identified that Fe on top of the TiO2- terminated plane with two Fe atoms adsorbed on the two O top sites is the most stable interface. The interface structure is found to affect the ferroelectric behavior of BaTiO3 layer. With BaO-terminated interface, BaTiO3 shows larger Ti-O distance compared with TiO2-teminated interface. In addition, there is a sizable difference in magnetic moments on interfacial atoms at the two interfaces.


AIDS and cancer have incited prejudiced attitudes of segregation and fear; however, the constant work of people involved with care taking made respectable and humanitarian life possible to individuals that were taken ill. The present study has the objective of surveying the beliefs of the HIV/AIDS and cancer patients relatives related to death and home care. Therefore separate and semi-structured appointments were done with 15 relatives of HIV sick people and 10 relatives of cancer patients based on procedures of evocation-enunciation-verification to survey the beliefs related to death and home care. The beliefs surveyed demonstrate the lack of preparation and the difficulties that relatives have towards death and care of the patients. It is observed the need of creating projects that would aim emotional advising and aid to patients and relatives as well.


During the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, the Honduras's electric power grid operation experienced changes. In this work, evidence of impact on power generation was found. Although the eclipse in the country was partial, with only 28.9% of photosphere's darkening, operation of the electrical power system was affected, mainly because of 409 MW photovoltaic power are installed in the country's power system. It is equivalent to approximately 17% of installed generation capacity. Hence, an over cost due to re dispatch of power generation during the solar eclipse was found. Due to the results, it is noted that the coming eclipses will have a greater impact on the operation of the power system of Honduras and Central America, due to the increase of non-conventional, solar and wind, renewable energy in Honduras and the rest of the region.


Force control of pneumatic system is an important branch of research on pneumatic control and transmission,and has great value of application in industrial producing and process control.The synchro control problem of pneumatic force for pneumatic servo system based on proportional pressure valve was researched by using self-adjusting fuzzy control method,and an experiment platform of pneumatic force control was designed and built.Aiming at the shortcoming of control rules of conventional fuzzy controller could not be adjusted realtime,the parameters self-adjusting fuzzy controller was designed.The property of the fuzzy controller is better than that of conventional fuzzy controller.


Among sample preparation techniques used prior to gas chromatography (GC), headspace sampling (HS) offers many advantages as it only collects vapors that are directly compatible with GC. The main variants are: (1) collection of a fraction of the HS (static headspace, SHS), (2) gas stripping of volatiles from a solution and subsequent trapping in an adsorbent (purge and trap headspace, P&THS), (3) collection and trapping of volatiles from a whole HS in equilibrium with a liquid (static and trapped headspace, S&THS), (4) partition of volatiles between a sample, its HS, and an adsorbent fiber (headspace solid-phase microextraction (HSSPME)). For each one, a design and some guidelines for qualitative and quantitative use are given, as well as the equation giving the theoretical recovery. Performances are compared between HS techniques and others such as simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE).

A special section is devoted to the timesaving hyphenation of HS to detectors without chromatographic separation like HS-sensor array and headspace sampling mass spectrometry (HSMS).

Main HS applications in various areas (food, environment, health and biosciences) since the late 1980s are illustrated. In addition, HS appears to be a unique tool to measure thermodynamical constants of volatiles characterizing their partitioning between phases and their interactions with a nonvolatile matrix.


We present a unied methodology for the computational solution of parabolic systems of differential equations with adaptive selection of discretization in space and time, based on a posteriori error estimates involving residuals of computed solutions and stability factors/weights, obtained by solving an associated linearized dual problem. We dene parabolicity as boundedness in time (up to logarithmic factors) of a certain strong stability factor measuring the -norm in timenspace of the time derivative of the dual solution with -normalized initial data.


China's direct investment in the countries of Central Asia is expanding year by year;at the same time,there are more and more problems of investment disputes along with the increasing of the investment.Kazakhstan is a representative country in Central Asia.The existing laws and rules for the settlement of investment disputes in Kazakh are in the forms of legal norm system at unilateral,bilateral,regional and multilateral levels.At present,China's investments in Kazakh are faced with many investment risks,such as a variety of barriers,frequent amendments of laws and regulations,changeable policies,poor continuity and stability,widespread government corruption,market intervention by the strong power of government,and so on.The Chinese government should promote the revision of the bilateral investment treaty between the two countries,expand the definition of investment,and fully accept the jurisdiction of ICSID arbitration for investment disputes.The Chinese-funded enterprises should master and make use of the investment dispute settlement mechanism of Kazakh to safeguard their legitimate rights and investment interests.Taking Kazakhstan as a case,this analysis can be of great help for Chinese-funded enterprises to deal with investment disputes and protect their legitimate rights and interests.


Software documentation should be useful to the programmer trying to understand a program. The key in that sentence was the word should: by and large documentation has a very bad reputation. We have been working on trying to improve documentation, in order that it may realize its potential. In this case study, we examine a programmer's use of documentation constructed along some specific guidelines. These guidelines, developed from our previous studies of documentation, are intended to help programmers draw causal connections between non-contiguous portions of programming plans in the program. This documentation appears to be helpful to a particular class of programmers, i.e., those who come to a program without the requisite background knowledge.


Abstract : It is clear that no really objective or more complete picture of operations on the Eastern Front is possible without extensive use of Soviet source material. Thus definitive accounts of operations in the East have yet to be written. How definitive they will ultimately be depends in large part on the future candor and scope of Soviet historical efforts. In the interim it is the task of American historians, drawing upon all sources, Soviet and German alike, to challenge those judgments and misperceptions which are a produce of past historical work. It is clear that the American (Western) perspective regarding war on the Eastern Front needs broadening, in the more superficial public context and in the realm of more serious historical study. Scholarly cooperation among Soviet and American historians, research exchange programs involving both parties, and expanded conferences to share the fruit of historical research would further this end and foster more widespread understanding on both sides.


A 'modest policy intervention' in which the Federal Funds rate had reacted, weakly but systematically , to the ratio between house prices and rents would have prevented the building up of the housing bubble which pre-dated the Great Recession, at a small cost in terms of real activity. Monetary policy shocks, which I identify by combining zero and sign restrictions, cause strongly statistically signi fi cant decreases in real house prices, housing starts, hours worked in construction, and loans to the real estate sector, and a statistically signi fi cant temporary increase in the real rent.


Echinoderms are exclusively marine animals. Starfish extracts have drawn attention, because of their wide spectrum of biological effects associated with antifungal, cytotoxic, hemolytic and immunomodulatory activities. The study was carried out to investigate the hemolytic and antinociceptive effect of the methanolic extract of Protoreaster linckii (MEPL) using male albino mice models of chemicals and thermal antinociception. The extract was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg. The hemolytic activity was tested against human, chicken, sheep and goat blood red blood cells (RBCs). The percentage of protein was estimated in the crude extract as 4.14%. Among the ten human pathogens tested, Proteus mirabilis showed the most sensitive activity against 0.75 g/ml (9 mm) of sample compared with positive control (15 mm) and Streptococcus pyogenes showed activity at 0.75 g/ml concentration and no activities was noticed at 0.25 and 0.50 g/ml concentration. The hemolytic activity was high in human blood (128 HU). The crude extract shows dose dependent analgesic effect in male albino mice. The maximum mortality was noticed at 100% concentration, that is, 93.6±1.2 and minimum amount of mortality was noticed at 20% concentration, that is, 22.0±2.1 in brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay. The results from the present study appear to support the steroids belief in the medicinal properties of P. linckii against pain in which the central antinociception activity was found and it has also showed good cytolytic properties against blood RBCs.


This paper,by introducing information entropy and conditional information entropy,gives a definition to the necessity of attributes in incomplete decision-making table,and puts forward a heuristic algorithm based on conditional information entropy for reduction of attribution.By introducing relatively positive region,it has solved effectively the problem of redundant attribution created in the course of reduction of attribution in inconsistencies system and has analyzed the complexity of this algorithm.Finally,an illustrative example analysis shows that this algorithm can find the minimal relative reduction for decision-making tables.


The effect of powdery mildew on the photosynthesis and grain yield of partially resistant spring barley was investigated. The effect of powdery mildew on the CO2 exchange rate (CER) of inoculated and non-inoculated leaves was measured in several glasshouse experiments. Grain yield reduction by powdery mildew was determined in three field experiments. The CER of the inoculated leaves was reduced by infection but that of the non-inoculated leaves was not significantly different from that of the corresponding leaves of the control plants. The reduction in CER of the different genotypes was closely related to the percentage leaf area infected with powdery mildew.

The correlation between degree of mildew infection and grain yield reduction varied between r = 0.84 (significant at P = 0.01) and r = 0.41 (not significant). Differences in greenness of the crop were correlated better with grain yield reduction (r = 0.66, P = 0.01) than powdery-mildew infection itself. Low percentages of powdery-mildew infection did not lead to significant reduction in grain yield. Partial resistance to powdery mildew could thus be a valuable attribute of future barley varieties.


We report a case where two distinct meningoceles (thoracic and lumbosacral) with a normal intervening spinal canal was encountered. It was successfully treated by operative intervention.


: The study is an attempt to discuss the social deficiencies in Europe in post-war times. European countries are in a dilemma after the first and second World Wars. Many scholars and literary writers reflect on this dilemma in their literary writings. Jean Genet is at the top of the list due to his unique living experiences within French society. His life provides a vivid image of the living conditions of Europeans after the wars. Genet adds a unique flavour to the literary canon by depicting the real life he goes through. In one of his masterpieces, The Balcony , he paid much attention to shifting roles inside and outside the brothel. In doing so, he reveals the sense of nihilism and absurdity in European societies after experiencing war. Thus, the study focuses on the nihilistic and absurd views of Genet in The Balcony to show his disdain for the social norms, traditions


A novel transformerless switched-capacitor (SC) inverter with minimum part count and reduced voltage stresses is proposed in this paper. The suggested inverter generates a five-level waveform using nine switches, two capacitors, and a diode. Design description, working principle, and control techniques are described in detail. Some of the most remarkable properties of the proposed architecture are its ability to increase the input voltage while keeping zero leakage current and its self-balancing capabilities of the capacitors. A comparison to prior-art topologies demonstrates the suggested topology benefits. Lastly, a laboratory prototype has been built to check its feasibility and effectiveness. Keywords-Transformerless inverter, leakage current, component count per level.


ABSTRACT The sustainability operation of an agroindustrial production system in a competitive global market shall be supported by  capital structural elements  (investment and working capital) that concern with assets, liability, and profitability of a company. Banking (conventional and syariah),  as the most important financial intermediation institution of the national economic system (Arifin, 2002),  has to feature small and medium enterprise (SME) in agroindustrial sector. The SME can strengthen the national economy, support the national industrial development objective, become the "back bone" of national economy, and answer important issues related with Indonesian reformation process (ADB, 2001). The feasibility study of the SME agroindustrial working capital loan that utillizes risk level concept and intelligent system method shall be done due to its complexity and uncertainty. The research aims to formulate the ANFIS structure in neuro-fuzzy system that is supported by risk level concept and feasibility study method of working capital loan worthiness evaluation, and verification. The result is a standard operating procedure (SOP) of intelligent worthiness evaluation of small and medium agroindustrial working capital loan, i.e. fuzzy inference system (FIS) and training process of fhe system. The conclusion is a model formulation process of FIS Takagi-Sugeno-Kang's type, that integrates the training process of artifical neural network model with risk level as the parameter in regulating the rules, and weighted score in determining fuzzy score (risk level) interval. The verification indicates that to reach Accept A/clean worthiness in loan decision based on the FIS result, the evaluation of aspect judgment should be well, with the low risk level of aspect criteries (conventional and syariah banking). The result of training in FIS is the prediction of debtor condition, where the best condition is compulsory to reach commonly the low risk level towards the worthiness. The submitted sugesstion is the SOP development as an intelligent decision support system (IDSS) that shall be integrated based on neuro-fuzzy system, ANFIS and others, to reduce the limitation in steps of model implementation  (resources : human, software and hardware), and has the suitable weight of the worthiness aspects Key  words : Intelligent, Evaluation, Worthiness, SME, Agroindustry


In this paper, we propose a multi-level convolutional network for semantic segmentation. The advantage of our network is that it allows us to adaptively control the balance between the classification accuracy and the inference speed, depending on the limited computational resource and the complexity of a given task. Our network realizes such adaptive mechanism by introducing a hierarchically-connected decoder with multilevel classifiers. The low-level classifier is used for inference when the application prioritizes low computational cost over accuracy, and the high-level classifier is utilized when more accurate prediction is required. This switching can be automatically performed by specifying only a threshold for classification performance. Besides, to boost the lower-level classifiers, we incorporate a knowledge distillation mechanism into our network. The entire network is trained in an end-to-end fashion. Experiments on semantic segmentation datasets demonstrate that our model overperforms the conventional approaches.


AmerICAN meteOrOLOGICAL SOCIetY | September 2013| 1313 PB AFFILIATIONS: AvAllone—Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; HAllAr—Storm Peak Laboratory and Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Steamboat Springs, Colorado; THiry—Ethnography and Evaluation Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; edwArds— South Dakota State University Extension, Aberdeen Regional Center, Aberdeen, South Dakota CORRESPONDING AUTHOR : Linnea Avallone, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 600 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0600 E-mail: email@example.com


The "Gazelle" system is composed of a group of programs developed as tools* to aid the design engineer in the creation, simulation, analysis and test generation of digital logic. Gazelle is designed for use on an IBM 1130 computing system running under the "GLEAM" (Reference #1) multitask operating system. An IBM 2250 display console provides the engineer with the ability to interface with the computer in his development and simulation of a logic circuit.


This article applies a communication/persuasion model to examine what characteristics of students on a United States university campus are associated with drinking bottled water. Survey results show that those who drank more bottled water included non-Whites, those who trusted traditional organizations more and environmental organizations and scientists less, those who read the campus newspaper, and those who valued water safety, taste, and convenience more. Significant bivariate influences on more frequent bottled water drinking that did not persist in the hierarchical regression included conservatism, religiosity, Christian religion, nonindividualism, less interpersonal communication about environmental issues, less civic involvement, younger age, and fewer environmental behaviors. Groups working to reduce bottled water consumption on campuses should provide access to filtered water and emphasize the connection between bottled water and environmental issues, rather than health issues.


A hyperbolic space has been shown to be more capable of modeling complex networks than a Euclidean space. This paper proposes an explicit update rule along geodesics in a hyperbolic space. The convergence of our algorithm is theoretically guaranteed, and the convergence rate is better than the conventional Euclidean gradient descent algorithm. Moreover, our algorithm avoids the "bias" problem of existing methods using the Riemannian gradient. Experimental results demonstrate the good performance of our algorithm in the \Poincare embeddings of knowledge base data.


A construction of a new series of orthogonal symmetric polynomials associated with the quantum Calogero model is reported. The orthogonal polynomials correspond to the simultaneous eigenstates of the conserved operators. The eigenvalue of the first nontrivial conserved operator is conjectured. Explicit forms are shown for some of the polynomials.


Objective Discusses and summarize the nursing methods of severe acute pancreatitis and experience.Methods Summary I branch January 2011 to September 77 cases were the hospital for severe acute pancreatitis patients care method,and observe care from various aspects.Results The active therapy and nursing,all the 77 patients were cured in 61 cases,accounting for 79%,improvement in 16,accounted for 21%.Conclusions After close observation of the condition changes,timely and effective treatment and care is to improve the severe acute pancreatitis with cure rate of the key.


Objective
To investigate the effect of GRHL2 silencing on proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer A549 cells.

Methods
Using RNA interference technology, the expression vector of GRHL2 silenced lentivirus was constructed to infect lung cancer A549 cells, the experiment was divided into the experimental group (GRHL2 silences the A549 cell line infected by lentivirus), the negative control group (the A549 cell line infected by no-load lentivirus), the blank control group (the A549 cell line without any treatment). The intensity of green fluorescent protein was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope, and the expression levels of GRHL2 mRNA and protein in lung cancer A549 cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the effect of GRHL2 silencing on A549 cell proliferation.Annexin V-APC /PI reagents and flow analysis were used to analyze the effect of GRHL2 silencing on the apoptosis of A549 cells.

Results
The expression levels of GRHL2 mRNA and protein in the experimental group were significantly decreased than the negative control groupand blank control group (F=48.13, 42.57, both P<0.05), the proliferation ability of A549 cells was significantly decreased (F=65.64, P<0.05), and apoptosis was significantly increased (F=56.76, P<0.05).

Conclusions
Targeted silencing of GRHL2 can significantly inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of lung cancer A549 cells, and GRHL2 is expected to become a new target for clinical lung cancer targeted therapy.

Key words:
Lentivirus infections; Cell proliferation; Apoptosis; GRHL2; A549


There has been unprecedented growth in wireless technologies in recent years; wireless devices such as cellular telephones and wireless local area network (WLAN) transceivers are becoming ubiquitous. It is now common for a single hardware device, such as


Abstract Dental implant treatment requires an available bone volume in the implantation site to ensure the implant's mechanical stability. When the bone volume is insufficient, one must resort to surgical means such as guided bone regeneration (GBR). In GBR surgery, bone grafts and membranes are used. The objective of this work is to manufacture and characterize the in vitro and in vivo properties of resorbable collagen type I membranes (Green Membrane®) for GBR. Membrane surface morphology was characterized by SEM and roughness was measured using an interferometric noncontact 3D system. In vivo skin sensitization and toxicity tests have been performed on Wistar rats. Bone defects were prepared in 24 adult male rats, filled with biomaterials (Blue Bone® and Bio Oss®) and covered with collagen membranes to maintain the mechanical stability of the site for bone regeneration. The incisions were closed with simple stitches; and 60 days after the surgery, the animals were euthanized. Results showed that the analyzed membrane was homogeneous, with collagen fiber webs and open pores. It had no sign of cytotoxicity and the cells at the insertion site showed no bone morphological changes. There was no tissue reaction and no statistical difference between Blue Bone® and Bio Oss® groups. The proposed membrane has no cytotoxicity and displays a biocompatibility profile that makes it suitable for GBR.


Dimension reduction of data is an important theme in the data processing and on the web to represent and manipulate higher dimensional data. Reduct in the rough set is a minimal subset of features, which has almost the same discernible power as the entire features in the higher dimensional scheme. But, there are problems in the application of reducts for classification. Here, we develop a method which connects reducts and the nearest neighbor method to classify data with higher classification accuracy. To improve the classification ability of reducts, we develop a new graph mapping method of the nearest neighbor based on reducts and weighted modified reducts for the classification with higher accuracy. Then, the mapping method is useful and the weighted modified reduct classifies with higher accuracy.


Reactions to local anesthetic agents are far commoner than is frequently assumed. In the majority of cases, however, they are of such a mild and transient nature that they require no treatment and tend to escape attention altogether. Such reactions may manifest themselves merely in some degree of excitement or talkativeness and thus may be attributed by the unwary to "hysteria"; in reality they are signs of cortical stimulation, which in their ultimate degree would have manifested themselves as convulsions had the reactions been of a severer type. It therefore behooves the administrator to bear in mind constantly that all local anesthetic agents, be they topical or administered by infiltration, have certain toxic potentials. It is imperative that the possible reactions should be known and correctly interpreted in order that rational treatment may be instituted at once. It is the object of this paper to promote a clearer understanding of


The exploration of gout treatment agent based on the natural product gains high attention in recent years. Although some current drugs effectively treat gout, fewer unbeneficial effects cannot be avoided. Thus, searching for new alternatives with fewer side effects is needed. This present work was aimed at investigating the potency of saponins in pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) and candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus L.) extract as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that responsible for gout disease, by in vitro study. The stage of this work was divided into six stages, including (1) sample preparation, (2) extraction of saponins using 70% ethanol, (3) isolation of saponins by thin-layer chromatography, (4) phytochemical test of saponins, (5) inhibitory activity testing of saponins using in vitro analysis, and (6) determination the types of saponins by UV-Vis, FT-IR and LC-MS/MS spectroscopy. The result from the preparative TLC of pineapple extract, there were three spots with Rf value of 0.95 (pi1), 0.65 (pi2), and 0.38 (pi3), while from candlenut extract there were two saponin isolates with Rf value of 0.95 (ci1) and 0.79 (ci2). The inhibition activity of each isolate against xanthine oxidase was 103.41% (pi1), 269.73% (pi2), 84.16% (pi3), 222.90% (ci1), and 157.05% (ci2) relative to Allopurinol 100 ppm. Based on spectroscopic analysis results, isolate with the greatest inhibition activity was likely a diosgenin type (C27H42O3) of saponin.


Abstract : This work discusses a range of semiconductor materials, and demonstrates that in a II-VI compound semiconductor, the neutral donor binding energy can be enhanced with the addition of a quantum well confining potential, to a value greater than kT at room temperature and simultaneously greater than the longitundinal optic phonon energy. Thus room ten1perature occupation is a possibility. The application of this nanoscale localisation centre as a single electron memory is discussed.


This article presents a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the effect of a uniform electric field on the dynamics of bubbles in a viscous fluid. The two-phase interface is captured utilizing a coupled volume-of-fluid and level set (VOSET) method by solving the full Navier–Stokes equations coupled with electric field equations. To track the interface more accurately, the dynamically adaptive octree grids are used to refine the grids around the interface. The effects of different parameters such as the electric Bond number, the ratio of electrical permittivity, the gravitational Bond number, and the Reynolds number on the motion and deformation of the bubble are investigated. According to the computational results, it is found that the electric field has a significant influence on the bubble dynamic behavior. Increase of the electric Bond number or the ratio of electrical permittivity results in the larger deformation and rising velocity of the bubble. For a higher electric Bond number and the Reynolds number, separations of the tail of the bubble are observed. In this case, the jet above the bubble is strong enough to turn the spherical bubble to a toroidal shape.


sharply. Indeed there was one fewer in 1963 than in 1953, though there had been some increase in 1961 and 1962. The 10 years' operative mortality was 0-87 % and the morbidity due to chest infection, wound infection, and deep venous thrombosis was 9-8%. I can confirm the finding of a high proportion of stones at operation (97 4% in 1960), whereas only 29% had been demonstrated radiologically preoperatively in tiat year. The most striking feature of 1960 was that there were no operative cholangiograms carried out. Indeed, 1961 was the first year they were done at Frenchay, though only 11 were done in the subsequent three years. This led to 37-6% of all common bile ducts being explored, half of these unnecessarily. As operative cholangiography is now routine during all cholecystectomies at that hospital it would be interesting to compare the 1960 and 1970 total figures with special reference to the problem of recurrent common-bile-duct stones.-I am, etc.,


Background: Breast cancer is the most common on the list and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Although radiation therapy is a key component of cancer treatment, it causes several complications, including radiodermatitis. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of preventive-care education on radiotherapy-induced dermatitis in patients with breast cancer. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 80 patients with breast cancer who were candidates for radiation therapy were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the groups of intervention and control. Data were collected using a demographic form and a scale for assessing skin complications developed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Patients in the intervention group were trained individually in three 30-minute sessions on treatment methods, chemotherapy, and prevention as well as radiodermatitis care. While the control group received routine care. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 using the Mann-Whitney test, chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and generalized estimation equation (GEE) at a significance level of < 0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups concerning the marital status, smoking, education level, age, BMI, plasma albumin level, and disease stage. After providing the intervention, the prevalence of radiodermatitis grade 1 was 27.5 and 7.5% in the control and intervention groups, respectively. After six weeks, 30% and 10% of patients in the control group developed radiodermatitis grades 3 and 4, respectively, but only 7.5% of patients in the intervention group had radiodermatitis grade 3. The results of GEE indicated that over time, the probability of developing higher grades of radiodermatitis increases by 1.074. This probability was 1.355 higher in the control group than the intervention group (P value = 0.03). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the positive effect of the educational intervention on the severity of radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Along with medication, implementing an educational program that teaches patients how to prevent radiodermatitis helps to reduce the incidence of radiodermatitis.


R.K.Narayan, the Indo-Anglican Writer, had chosen limited arena for his literacy empire. His main concern was about domestic nuisances that demanded keen observation and critical appreciation. His reaction to the surroundings have become the topic for his literacy creations. The present paper on R.K.Narayan's The Dark Room reflects his views on feminism and his characterization of Indian people especially women. He presents his character of Savitri and modernism through Shanta Bai. R.K.Narayan is never didactic in his tone. He only brings the feelings of middle class women in his life. The cry for freedom from the part of women has started long before and has gained momentum during his times. It dares to take a road not taken so far and assets that R.K.Narayan's status as a feministic novelist is just like a thing hiding in the light-it is very much visible but somehow we have missed it.


The National Key Basic Project(973) \!Process and Controlling of Aeolian Desertification in North China\"(2000048700) has got the following research results: has reestablished the development,succession,situation and driving mechanism of aeolian desertification in North China during late 2000 years;has disclosed the physical mechanism of soil wind erosion and sand-dust moving;has determined the wind erosion tolerance capacity of soil;has found the formation mechanism,distribution rule and impact of wind blown electrify field;has set up the quantity evaluating system;has confirmed the source area,moving route and formation mechanism of sand-dust,and has established the monitoring,forecasting and for-alarming method and system of sand-dust storm;has studied the attenuation law of C,N in soil and its influence on desert vegetation;has showed the harmed process,adapted countermeasure and recover mechanism of vegetation during aeolian desertification process;has clarified the process,cause,status and development and trend of aeolian desertification in North China during late 50 years;quantificationally showed the spatial distribution and change of aeolian desertification,and has put forward the model and countermeasures of controlling aeolian desertification and coordinating the social economy and environment in typical areas.These results from the project provide the scientific theory for government to control aeolian desertification and make the strategy of sustainable development of arid regions economy and eco-environment,and also has enriched and developed the theory system of Desert Science.


In this article we defined major opportunities of virtual educational space in training of specialists in financial and economic area, we also analyzed information technology facilities that are used in the process of training. The objective of this article is to analyze the opportunities of virtual educational space in training of specialists in financial and economic area and to determine the features of it. We have defined the peculiarities of training of future financial and economic specialists. They consist of two types: a person – a sign system and a person – a person. It lays down the core professional competencies of future economist, personal and professional qualities. We have figured out that virtual educational space is able to provide all the necessary personal and professional competencies of future specialists in financial and economic area. It has been shown that the use of information technology in economic education has some methodological features that are determined by the structure of the multi-stage curriculum. It has been found that information technology facilities are used both in theory and practice in the process of training. Key information technologies used are computer learning systems, multimedia training courses, business computer games, video conferences.


Introduction. Hyperthermia is a well-established physical stimulus, which is applied as an adjunctive therapy with various cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the precise mechanism of heat action at the cellular level remains to be elucidated, and appears to be multi-dimensional. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of mild hyperthermia on the actin cytoskeleton in the HL-60 cell line. In addition, the morphological and ultrastructural approaches were used to determine the type of hyperthermia-induced cell death. Material and methods. All studies were performed using human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60). Actin filaments were visualized with phalloidin conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 488 using fluorescence microscopy. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in the HL-60 cells were analysed by light and electron microscopy, respectively. Results. Exposure of HL-60 cells to mild hyperthermia resulted in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and the appearance of characteristic apoptotic features, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and margination. In addition, swollen mitochondria were observed. The morphological and ultrastructural changes increased in severity with an increase in recovery time. Similarly, actin filament remodeling was observed immediately after the heat shock and was more evident 3 and 6 hrs after the treatment. These effects were mainly reflected by a higher definition of the dense cortical F-actin ring as well as the appearance of brightly fluorescent F-actin dots and networks scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Conclusions. Presented data suggest that actin filament reorganization is involved in the process of apoptosis initiated by mild hyperthermia. Furthermore, the results of our studies showed that the severity of hyperthermia-induced morphological and ultrastructural changes as well as alterations in actin organization depend not only on the temperature treatment but also on the duration of post heat shock recovery


The prescriptive marketing literature emphasises a universal view of practice, and yet it is evident from observation that marketing practice varies among firms. This paper addresses the issue of explaining diversity in marketing practice in competitive space and over time. Diversity in competitive space reflects the existence of different routes to high performance. Diversity over time reflects some combination of change in the individual firm and change in a population of firms. In the former case, diversity is shaped by organisational change, in the latter by environmental change. Miles and Snow's (1978, 1986) well-established typology is used as a framework in the search for an explanation for the nature of diversity in competitive space. Evolutionary and ecological concepts are drawn on to suggest an explanation for the nature of diversity over time. Finally, given an understanding of the nature of diversity, implications for the management of 'productive evolution' are considered.


Abstract The hereby paper analyses the risk factors most often associated with the appearance of the disease produced by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia in human population: gender, age and patient's place of origin. Applying the Student t-test in order to verify the hypothesies Ho (null hypothesis-the averages of the two paired series do not differ significantly) and Ha (the alternative hypothesis-the averages of the two paired series differ significantly) leads to the acceptance or rejection of one of them. The observational data had been recorded during 2009-2010 years on to the County hospitals of Tulcea and Vâlcea counties in Romania, the survey being based on more than 5000 human subjects: adults and children of both sexes. More such studies like ours should be carried out in Romania in order to have a better understanding of the epidemiology on parasitic diseases which affect the human population of both sexes, all ages and all life environments. Key words


Botanic gardens bring plants from all over the world into one small place for people to admire and study. The challenge lies in creating a suitable habitat for specimens from widely disparate regions in the garden environment. Plants have specific environmental requirements which have to be considered for successful cultivation, but sometimes these are not naturally present and instead must be provided. This paper discusses the ecological utility of large trees in the context of the botanic garden for other plants to flourish.


The presence of preformed cytotoxic antidonor antibodies in the serum of potential allograft recipients leads to the rapid destruction of the graft by the now well known events of hyperacute rejection (10, 21, 24-27). Experimental work in the past several years at our center and in other laboratories has been oriented to the solution of this difficult immunological problem, not only in the presensitized homotransplantation model but also in strongly incompatible xenograft combinations. Antibody and complement depletion (3-5, 7, 8, 13, 16, 19, 21, 23), or treatment by the chelating agents, sodium citrate (12, 14) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) (1), has been shown to delay hyperacute kidney rejection in both experimental models, whereas anticoagulation with heparin (15) or cobra venom (6) has yielded equivocal results. Even the most effective of these therapeutic procedures only delayed the destruction of the graft.

More recently, encouraging results were obtained by several workers (11, 20, 22) with pretreatment of the organ with antidonor IgG fragments (F(ab′)2). It was suggested that F(ab′)2 fragments were protective by occupying the donor antigen receptor sites.

Unsuccessful attempts to control hyperacute rejection in one of our patients who had preformed circulating cytotoxic antibodies are reported here, using homografts pretreated with sodium citrate or digested IgG.


. Examples of differentiable mappings into real or complex topological vector spaces with specific properties are given, which illustrate the differences between differential calculus in the locally convex and the non-locally convex case. 1


With the development of modern medicine,more and more diseases need for pathological diagnosis,at the same time,pathological diagnosis is becoming the most authoritative method of for autopsy,forensic identification,so the pathological diagnosis was dubbed the golden signboard,the quality of tissue sectioning is the basis of clinical and forensic pathological diagnosis,clinicaldoctors and forensic experts attached great importance to the quality of tissue sections,a group of excellent slices can accurately reflect the disease condition,,properties,prognosis and provide evidence for forensic identification,therefore the good quality pathological sections is basis of clinical diagnosis and forensic identification.In this study,through the analysis of common problems in routine pathological section,discusses the influence to the practical work in order to constantly improve the chip quality,thus ensuring the clinical accurate and complete pathological diagnosis of complete to provide the better service for patients.


A quantum theory of noncommutative fields was recently proposed by Carmona, Cortez, Gamboa and Mendez ([1]). The implications of the noncommutativity of the fields, intended as the requirements [,+] = θδ3(x−x'),[π,π+] = Bδ3(x−x'), were analyzed on the basis of an analogy with previous results on the so-called ``noncommutative harmonic oscillator construction". Some departures from Lorentz symmetry turned out to play a key role in the emerging framework. We first consider the same hamiltonian proposed in [1], and we show that the theory can be analyzed straightforwardly within the framework of Heisenberg evolution equation without any need of making reference to the ``noncommutative harmonic oscillator construction". We then consider a rather general class of alternative hamiltonians, and we observe that violations of Lorentz invariance are inevitably encountered. These violations must therefore be viewed as intrinsically associated with the proposed type of noncommutativity of fields, rather than as a consequence of a specific choice of hamiltonian.


Objective To establish a key technological system for spider fibroin gene code tandem connection,vector construction,prokaryotic expression and purification using genetic engineering in order to achieve MaSp1 heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and its separation and purification. Methods Isocaudarner ligation method was used to connect synthetic spider fibroin gene monomer code in tandem,and a recombinant clone concatemer was obtained. The identified recombinant clones were connected with prokaryotic expression vector pET28a(+),and then transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). After being induced by IPTG for 6 hours,the expression product was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Engineering bacteria were fermented in high density,and the obtained protein was purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation. Results and Conclusion The expression plasmids of MaSp1 concatemers were successfully constructed,and the induced expression genetic engineering MaSp1 protein was of the expected relative molecular mass. In addition,the purity of the purified protein was above 80%. This study has developed crucial technologies for mass production of genetic engineering spider silk proteins.


Cobalt layers with the thickness of 0.5 – 1,5 μm are deposited on a copper foil substrates varying the concentration of the cobalt ions (CoSO4), the reducer (NaH2PO2), as well as the pH of the electrolyte. The influence of the conditions for deposition on the morpholgy, structure, and mechanical properties (hardness, modulus of elasticity, adhesion, etc.) of the layers is studied. On the basis of the obatined results, conclusions for the influence of the conditions for formation of the metal-plastic properties of the layers are made.


The CFRP is widely used in automobiles to reduce vehicle weight and give higher fuel efficiency due to greater strength to weight ratio. It should be needed to machine with accurate structure and integrity. The post curing process is necessary after machining the CFRP composite material to remove burr and delamination. The dual helix mill tool is used to perform slotting to eliminate burr formation and delamination. From the study there is no delamination is occurred when CFRP is machined at the cutting speed of 2500 rpm, feed rate of 600 mm/min and 1 mm depth of cut and also burr formation is highly reduced at this condition.


Polymorph polymorphisms and / or UGT1A4 gene 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor gene, describes the correlation between the phenotypic response of a subject to treatment with 5-hydroxytryptamine ligand. Method for screening a subject to help treat, methods of screening for 5HT ligand, and presents a method of treatment.


Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 12 acupuncture treatments versus 24 acupuncture treatments for patients with dry eye syndrome. Methods : We have assessed the symptom score, number of dry eye symptoms, and ocular surface disease index(OSDI) scores before and after the acupuncture treatments. The group A received 12 acupuncture treatments, and the group B received 24 acupuncture treatments. To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture treatments the before and after scores of both groups were compared. Results : After treatment, symptom score, number of dry eye symptoms, and ocular surface disease index(OSDI) were significantly decreased in each group (p<0.001). The symptom score has shown a greater decrease in group B than group A, but no significant differences were seen in the numbers of existing symptoms and ocular surface disease index(OSDI) scores between the two groups. Conclusions : Acupuncture is an effective way to relieve the symptoms of dry eye syndrome. The more number of acupuncture treatments may be correlated with better outcomes in the means of symptom score.


The synthesis of a series of azulene-1-carboxylic acid esters is described. These esters are to be screened for pharmacologic activity.


The transannular cyclopropanation of a keto carbene generated by Rh 2 (OAc) 4 catalysis on a bicyclic dihydropyran nucleus provided a key oxatricyclic ketone intermediate for the synthesis of the [6.6] spirocyclic ring construction. Selective fragmentation of the cyclopropane followed by hydrolytic cleavage of the C−O bond provided the spirocyclic skeleton. Functional group manipulations to adjust oxidation states led to a total synthesis of (±)-β-chamigrene in 14 steps without the use of protection/deprotection schemes


Classification is one of the most important research topics in data mining. In this paper, a manifold distance-based particle swarm optimization (MDPSO) for classification is proposed. Firstly, a new selection strategy is designed to maintain information of some good solutions as well as enhance the diversity of swarm. Furthermore, a manifold distance is utilized to measure the similarity of two samples, which measures the geodesic distance along the manifold and can better reflect the global consistency of the given problems. MDPSO is applied to solve 10 benchmark classification problems selected from UCI (University of California Irvine) datasets and 10 artificial data sets. The experimental results show that MDPSO outperforms the typical C4.5, nearest neighbour, and Michigan particle swarm optimization on most of the testing problems used in this paper. In addition, MDPSO is applied to a real-world application problem, namely handwritten digit recognition, with a good performance obtained.


The subject matter of this paper is spruce wood (Picea abies L.). The thermal treatment of wood (thermal wood) is a new technology of wood treatment, improving its physical and biological properties and increasing its resistance to biological wood-destroying agents and atmospheric effects. Its fire and technical properties, capability to set it on fire and burn it have been studied less. Research in the aforementioned subject is the subject matter of this paper, together with an option to treat this thermally treated wood with a standard commercial retardant. Experimental equipment was non-standardized laboratory equipment using a flame source of higher intensity (flame burner – propane-butane) affecting the test sample in an open environment. This is a simulation of actual fire. The evaluative criteria for both tests, thermally treated wood (20°C, 160°C, 180°C, 210°C) without retardant treatment and with retardant treatment, were weight loss and burning rate. The data results are presented in the tables and diagrams and are statistically evaluated. The aforementioned results will be used for the complex evaluation of spruce wood treated this way and a new view will be taken on wood treated this way from a fire prevention point of view.


In the present communication bet for interculturalism front multiculturalism, and bet for inclusive education versus traditional education models and hegemon...


Purpose: Canaliculocele is a rare cause of eyelid mass which is formed by dilation of the canaliculus. We introduce a case of canaliculocele treated with punctoplasty and marsupialization. Case summary: A 35-year-old woman visited our clinic complaining of a right medial upper eyelid mass. It started 3 months ago and had the wax and wane feature. On slit lamp examination, cystic lesion was visible in the medial area of the right upper eyelid, and the punctum was obscure. Right upper canaliculus was not shown in dacryocystography. One-snip punctoplasty was performed for the diagnosis, and turbid contents were drained leading to collapse of the cyst. After diagnosis of canaliculocele, marsupialization was added by excision of the posterior wall of the mass. On histopathologic examination, the cystic wall was composed of nonkeratinized squamous epithelium with an attenuated superficial cell layer. The patient healed without recurrence of a cyst after 6 months of follow up. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(6):898-901


The objective of this work is to investigate the surface curvature and nonparallel effects in stability calculations and transition predictions. The surface curvature terms are included in the linear stability equations derived from the Navier-Stokes equations expressed in a curvilinear orthogonal coordinate system. The nonparallel effects are analyzed by including the nonparallel mean flow terms into the linear stability equations and by taking into account harmonic and nonharmonic variations of the perturbations in the direction perpendicular to the wing leading edge. The resulting equations are solved using a perturbation technique. The results obtained with this method have been validated by comparisons with solutions obtained by Cebeci et al. (1994), Langlois et al. (1997), and Malik and Masad (1994) for 3D incompressible flows over infinite swept wings, and with solutions obtained by Salinas and Casalis (1997) for 2D compressible flows over a flat plate. It is shown that surface curvature and nonparallel effects can have a significant influence on the stability characteristics of compressible flows. Comparisons with experimental data are presented, and the expected improvement in the consistency of the critical n-factor is quantified. (Author)


The invention discloses a power device module, which comprises a first substrate and a second substrate, a first circuit unit, a second circuit unit and a main electrode, wherein the heat conductivity of the first substrate is lower than that of the second substrate; the heating ratio of the first circuit unit is less than that of the second circuit unit, the first circuit unit is arranged on thefirst substrate, and the second circuit unit is arranged on the second substrate; and the main electrode comprises an input end and an output end, the input end and the output end are connected electrically with the second substrate and the first substrate respectively. By using the power device module of the invention, the manufacturing cost can be obviously reduced while effectively ensuring the integral heat dissipation effect of the module; and moreover, the radiation loss and power loss of the module can also the reduced effectively, and the service life the device is prolonged.


A simplified engineering prediction approach for shipboard cabin noise is put forward based on so-called system approach. By using source-path-receiver analysis, noise transmission and attenuation are considered in both air-borne and structure-borne paths to calculate sound pressure level in receiver room with association of room constant. This approach is applied to predict air-borne noise level in a simplified two-cabin model. The discrepancy between the results from prediction and measurement is less than 3dB, which shows both feasibility and validity of this approach.


As several studies have provided evidence that lung disease affects the T1 of the human lung, our purpose was to investigate the effect of age on the T1‐relaxation time in the lungs of healthy never‐smokers, including group difference between sexes.


Objective To compare the curative effect of sacral nerve electrical stimulation and Tolterodine for female overactive bladder.Methods 40 female patients with idiopathic overactive bladder (IOAB) were randomly divided into A and B groups. The patients in group A accepted percutaneous sacral nerve (at S3 ) electrical stimulation test, while the patients in group B were treated with tolterodine 2mg/day. After 3 months, the index of emiction and voiding dynamics of the 2 groups were compared, and the rating of depression and anxiety were evaluated.Results There was significant improvement in variables included the frequency of voiding, volume voided and signs every day and urgent uresis in the both groups. But the rating of depression and anxiety were less improved and had stimulating symptom in the urethra or bladder in group B.Conclusions Single administration of sacral nerve electrical stimulation and tolterodine are both effective for IOAB. But the sacral nerve electrical stimulation is more reliable for its less side effect and successfully improvement to the life of patients.


This paper presents a 0.18 μm mixer merged with LNA exploiting noise cancellation technique. It operates between 100MHz and 1GHz. The Gilbert mixer is known for its perfect port isolation and bad noise performance. The transconductor stage of the mixer can be implemented by an LNA exploiting noise cancellation to have a better NF. The chip is implemented in SMIC 0.18μm CMOS technology. Measurement shows that the proposed mixer merged with LNA has a 13.7∼19.5dB voltage gain from 100MHz to 1GHz, noise figure has an average of 5dB and has a minimum value of 3.8dB. The core area is 0.6×0.45mm2.


Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) is one of the most important viral pathogens of aroids and can cause major economic losses for ornamental crops. Here, we present the detection and molecular characterisation of DsMV isolates originating from Monstera adansonii plants in Poland. Moreover, the genetic variability of DsMV isolates was analyzed based on the coat protein gene ( CP ) of the Polish and other DsMV isolates described to date. The presence of DsMV was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific, diagnostic primers in three out of ten examined plants. To obtain full-length sequences of CP , two pairs of primers were designed and used in the RT-PCR. The specificity of obtained products was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The obtained sequences of CP were compared with 44 other DsMV sequences retrieved from the GenBank. Analyses revealed that DsMV population is very diverse. The variability of DsMV isolates was confirmed by low sequence identity and pervasive recombination events. The phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 37 non-recombinant CP sequences. The maximum-likelihood reconstruction revealed that the Polish isolates are distinct and grouped separately from other DsMV isolates. Due to the high genetic diversity, detecting the virus could be difficult. Nonetheless disease management relies strongly on a fast and accurate identification of the causal agent. To our knowledge this is the first report of DsMV in Poland.


A direct virtual power control algorithm is presented in this paper for VSC-HVDC startup. This control algorithm is based on direct power control (DPC) and expands the range of DPC. When the VSC converter AC side open circuit or the AC side current is zero, the control algorithm maintains the DPC feedback loop by introducing a virtual power, so that the DPC is able to control the AC output voltage amplitude and frequency stability before the VSC converter connecting to the grid network and keep consistent with the grid connection point. This algorithm process is simple, containing most of the DPC control module, and consistent with the DPC structure. Therefore, the control algorithm switches smoothly before and after the VSC converter connecting to the grid. This paper uses PSCAD / EMTDC software platform and laboratory hardware circuit experiments to test and verify the correctness and validity of the control algorithm.


LATE IN NOVEMBER 1973, twenty Canadian students (ten women, ten men) arrived in Peking to take up their studies under the terms of a China-Canada student exchange. The students had been recruited during the previous summer, but their arrival in Peking had been delayed nearly three months at the request of the Education and Science Group Under the State Council (ESGUSC) of the People's Republic of China. The delay had meant hardship for some, but despite that, and the bleakness of the November Peking landscape, they all entered upon their new experience with optimism (some of it guarded) and enthusiasm. The arrangement under which they came was the result of nearly a year's negotiation. Prior to Canada's recognition of China, Canadian educational institutions, notably the universities of Toronto and McGill, had been anxious to establish a student exchange. These hopes were articulated at an official level during the visit to China in August 1972 of Mitchell Sharp, Secretary of State for External Affairs. The communique issued at the close of his talks with Premier Chou En-lai and Foreign Minister Chih Peng-fei stated the intention of both sides to exchange students. In the months following the Sharp visit, Canadian officials pursued the question but received little positive assurance. It appears that at this time the Chinese were still reviewing the whole question of the revival of extensive foreign student exchanges. At first they talked in terms of an exchange of perhaps three students with Canada, so it came as a surprise to the Canadian side when, late in the spring of 1973, the Chinese proposed that an exchange of twenty students each


The present study attempts to investigate the resistance of Philippine people against Spanish rule in 1521 and American rule in 1898, along with their resistance against the colonialists in the Philippines, island country of Southeast Asia. Additionally, the attitude of the Ottoman Empire towards these controlled and Ottoman-Philippine relations will also be analyzed. The Philippines remained under Spanish rule for several centuries until the Americans arrived. Given that the geographical location of the Philippine islands is on one of the historically important trade route networks stretching from Europe to the Far East and the China Sea, these relations have become more crucial. During this period Captain John P. Finley, the U.S. governor of Zamboanga in the Philippines made a visit to Istanbul and tried to persuade the Ottoman administration that Muslims should not resist the American occupation by using the influence of the caliph on Muslims. The main resources of our research are based on the documents in the Presidential Ottoman Archives and their background. National and international research on the Philippines have also guided us through our research.


A Sabidussi graph is defined from a total order T and a graph G as follows. Choose a vertex of G and denote it by 0. Denote by V(T) V(G) the family of the functions f : V(T)i! V(G) such that fq2 V(T) : f(q)6 0g is finite. The Sabidussi graph T G is defined on V(T) V(G) by: given f 6 g2( V(T) V(G)), f f; gg2 E( T G) if f f(m); g(m)g2 E(G), where m is the smallest element of fq 2 V(T) : f(q) 6 g(q)g in the total order T . Given a graph Γ, a subset X of V(Γ) is an interval of Γ if for a; b 2 X and x 2 V(Γ)n X, fa; xg 2 E(Γ) if and only if fb; xg 2 E(Γ). Moreover, a subset X of V(Γ) is a strong interval of Γ provided that X is an interval of Γ and for every interval Y of Γ, if X \Y 6 / 0, then X µ Y or Y µ X. The intervals and the strong intervals of the Sabidussi graphs Q G are characterized, whereQ is the set of rational numbers with the usual total order. AMS Subject Classification: 05C62; 06A06.


This letter reports the cardiopulmonary changes resulting from lumbosacral epidural administration of bupivacaine (0.25%, 0.6 mL kg ) in isofluraneanesthetized dogs. Anesthesia was induced in two healthy, adult, mixed-breed male dogs (A and B) weighing 19.5 kg and 16.3 kg, respectively, with 5% isoflurane (Crist alia Produtos Qu ımicos Farmacêuticos Ltda, SP, Brazil) in oxygen (5 L minute ) administered by facemask. After endotracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained at an end-tidal isoflurane concentration (FE0Iso) of 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration, previously determined for each dog (1.51% and 1.65%), and inspiratory fraction of oxygen (FIO2) of approximately 98% delivered from a circle breathing system with the dogs breathing spontaneously. With the dogs in lateral recumbency, a 20 gauge cephalic vein catheter and a 22 gauge dorsal pedal artery catheter (Nipro Medical Ltda, SP, Brazil) were placed to facilitate the infusion of lactated Ringer's solution (3 mL kg 1 hour ) and to measure arterial blood pressure. An 8 Fr catheter introducer (Arrow International, Inc., PA, USA) was placed in the right jugular vein and a 7 Fr pulmonary artery (PA) catheter (Edwards Lifesciences LLC, CA, USA) was introduced. The placement of the tip of the catheter in the PA was confirmed according to the typical pressure waveforms displayed on the monitor (DX 2021; Philips Healthcare, Netherlands). All pressure transducers were calibrated using a mercury manometer and zeroed at the level of the manubrium. Cardiac output (CO) was measured by injection of 5 mL of cold saline solution (0–5 °C). An electrical heating pad was used to maintain body temperature, monitored by the PA thermistor, at 37.5–38.5 °C. The cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and stroke volume index (SI) were calculated by normalizing CO and systemic vascular resistance to body surface area and stroke volume to body weight. Heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (fR), end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PE0CO2), FE0Iso and FIO2 were measured using a multi-channel monitor (Digicare Biomedical Technology, Inc., FL, USA). Tidal volume (VT) was measured by the ventilator's pneumotachometer and minute ventilation (V̇E) was calculated as VT 9 fR. After instrumentation (197 and 182 minutes for dogs A and B, respectively), the dogs were placed in sternal recumbency and the lumbosacral area was aseptically prepared. An 18 gauge Tuohy needle (Becton Dickinson & Co., NJ, USA) was introduced in the lumbosacral space; placement in the epidural space was confirmed by the loss of resistance technique and the absence of blood and cerebrospinal fluid at the hub of the needle. Epidural administration of bupivacaine (Crist alia Produtos Qu ımicos Farmacêuticos Ltda) was performed over 2 minutes and cardiopulmonary variables were recorded at 0 (baseline), 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. In comparison with baseline values, VT, fR and V̇E decreased, whereas PE0CO2 increased in both dogs at 15 minutes. HR decreased in dog A and MAP, CI and SVRI decreased in both dogs (Table 1). The recommended volume of local anesthetic solution to be injected into the lumbosacral epidural space in dogs is 0.2 mL kg 1 (Torske & Dyson 2000). Higher volumes up to 0.6 mL kg 1 have been investigated as alternatives to extend analgesia more cranially (Freire et al. 2010). In the present study, thoracic spread of epidural bupivacaine seemed to affect intercostal, abdominal and possibly diaphragmatic muscular function, resulting in hypoventilation, which, in the presence of a high sympathetic block, may lead to pronounced cardiovascular depression (Shibata


In the early days of artificial intelligence research, Frank Rosenblatt devised a machine called the perceptron that operated much in the same way as the human mind. Albeit, it did not have what could be called a "mental capacity", it could "learn"-and that was the breakthrough needed to pioneer todayís current neural network technologies. A perceptron is a connected network that simulates an associative memory. The most basic perceptron is composed of an input layer and output layer of nodes, each of which are fully connected to the other. Assigned to each connection is a weight which can be adjusted so that, given a set of inputs to the network, the associated connections will produce a desired output. The adjusting of weights to produce a particular output is called the "training" of the network which is the mechanism that allows the network to learn. Perceptrons are among the earliest and most basic models of artificial neural networks, yet they are at work in many of todayís complex neural net applications. In order to understand the operations of the human brain, many researchers have chosen to create models based on findings in biological neural research. Neurobiologists have shown that human nerve cells have no memory of their own, rather memory is made up of a series of connections, or associations, throughout the nervous system. A response in one cell triggers responses in others which triggers more in others until these responses eventually lead to a so-called ìrecognitionî of the input stimuli. This is how we recognize objects or events that we see. Frank Rosenblatt invented the perceptron in 1957 at the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory in an attempt to understand human memory, learning, and cognitive processes. On 23 June 1960, he demonstrated the Mark I Perceptron, the first machine that could "learn" to recognize and identify optical patterns. Rosenblattís work was a progression from the biological neural studies of noted neural researchers such as D.O.


Lack of robustness against noise uncertainty is a bottleneck of current spectrum sensing strategies to detect the primary signals. Due to noise uncertainty, the performance of traditional detectors such as matched filters, energy detectors, and even cyclostationary detectors deteriorates rapidly at low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). In view of this, a new entropy-based spectrum sensing scheme is proposed in this paper. The entropy of the signal is estimated in the frequency domain with a probability space partitioned into a fixed dimension. It is also proved that the proposed scheme is strongly robust against noise uncertainty. Simulation results verify the robustness of the proposed scheme against noise uncertainty, and further show 5dB, 6dB and 4dB performance improvements compared with state-of-the-art methods such as differential entropy-based detector, energy detector and cyclostationary detectors. Experimental results also show that the sample size can be reduced of about 65% to get a traditional performance.


This thesis on the health care delivery system of Barbados, places special emphasis on the Barbados Drug Service utilization by the elderly. Increased human longevity and changing disease patterns have created the need for community-oriented programmes and community support systems for the elderly in Barbados. The Barbados Drug Service is analysed in the context of the broader national health care system. Historically, the system of health care in Barbados was characterized by institutional care provided at the one government-owned general hospital, one psychiatric hospital and five district hospitals which provided long term care for the aged and indigent. Over the years, Barbados has advanced the kind of health care system reflective of primary health care but with some deficiences. The current thrust is decentralization of health services to make the rich and poor alike to have equal access to good quality health services. A network of eight polyclinics has been strategically located at various points in the island to provide comprehensive care. One of the services provided at the polyclinics is the drug service with special benefits for the elderly. The empirical aspect of this thesis provides a survey on the awareness, perception, knowledge and pattern of utilization of the Barbados Drug Service by the elderly. The study findings reveal a high-level of awareness of the existence of the Barbados Drug Service, limited knowledge of the benefits and the failure of the elderly to make maximum use of the service due to their perception and lack of knowledge of the service. Another finding is that many elderly people view the Barbados Drug Service as dealing with illegal drugs and drug abuse. The study identifies problems encountered by the users of the service and includes some of their suggestions for improvement. Recommendations are made based on the study findings.(AU)


The Labour Inspection Authority supervises compliance with the requirements of the Working Environment Act and its regulations. The Labour Inspection Authority's overall objective is a healthy working environment for everyone, safe and secure employment conditions and meaningful work for the individual. The Labour Inspection Authority's contribution to a better work-life is mainly done by supervisions, guidance and information. In 2013 new official regulations became operative. One of the strategic areas is still prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among employees in Norwegian enterprises. In connection with new regulations we see that there is a need for revision of the guidanceand information material related to prevention of MSDs.


The Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DST) is widely used in many fields of information fusion. However, counter-intuitive results may be obtained by the classical Dempster combination rule (DRC) when collected evidences conflict highly with each other. However, Haenni gave confutation based on Zadeh's criticism of DRC, reasons for conflict between evidences concluded by him were not comprehensive. So, reasons for conflict between evidences are analyzed and summarized in this paper, that is, sensor reliability, incompleteness of the frame of discernment which is also called imprecise definition of GBBA model, and integration results of the above two reasons are the material reasons for conflict.


In this book Holger Hoock outlines the material and psychological investment of culture in the process of British identity-formation from the mid 18th to the mid 19th century. Studying the context of national consciousness Hoock draws on forms of aesthetics, war, literature and biography. His work parallels aspects of Bernard Cohn and Thomas Metcalf, but applies to an earlier period, and integrates components of North American mili-tary history. His main insight is to widen the scope of politics for early modern Britain, connecting it to strands of both art and perceived heroism. Hoock engages with and expands on the paradigm of Said, fleshing out the specific mechanism by which percep-tions were made, remade and distributed to the population. The overview explores an atmosphere drenched in masculinity, in which 18th and 19th century British artists mythologized their own contemporaries. Invariably the narrative of this history engages deeply with race and class categories as well, with the representation of men as vital and forceful subjects framed by a context in which systematic privilege operated. Such actions emerged not as a conscious plan to extend domination over people's devoid of whiteness, but neither was the process of art, archeology and construction unconnected with operations of power. A central component of Hoock's piece is to incorporate a wide array of fields and to deny them the status of being apolitical.


This paper analyze how the video survei- llance puts the personal data that manage in a space of legal indeterminacy, and how generates process of social and space classi- �B?=PEKJPD=P�@ANERAOKIAPEIAOEJBKNIOKB�


I report recent results and the status of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory in Minnesota, USA. A blind analysis of data taken by 30 detectors between October 2006 and July 2007 found zero events consistent with WIMPs elastically scattering in our Ge detectors. This resulted in an upper limit on the spin-independent, WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.6 × 10−44 cm2 (4.6 × 10−44 cm2 when combined with our previous results) at the 90% C.L. for a WIMP of mass 60 GeV/c2. In March 2009 data taking with CDMS II stopped in order to install the first of 5 SuperTowers of detectors for the SuperCDMS Soudan project. Analysis of data taken between August 2007 and March 2009 is ongoing.


This paper argues that in food insecure states the recent flurry of land leasing activity to foreign agribusiness is likely to lead to unintended long term consequences for the ecology in land-leasing States by depleting the already fragile environment through monocropping, chemical pesticide and fertilizer applications, and large scale irrigation. The current proposals for self-regulatory voluntary codes of conduct do not provide sufficient oversight over the leasing process to protect the public's interest in a healthy and productive environment against foreign investors who have under the current lease structure no incentive to improve the land that they are leasing. The creation of an United Nations based ombudsman to provide legal and technical oversight and support for States making long-term leases has greater potential than a voluntary code for ensuring a balanced negotiation among the interests of host State governments for investment, investors for arable land, and the public for long-term environmental sustainability.