Many real problems in machine learning are of dynamic nature. In that cases, the model used for the learning process should work in real time and have the ability to act and react by itself, adjusting its controlling parameters, even its structures, depending on the requirements of the process. In a previous work, the authors proposed an online learning method for two-layer feedforward neural networks that presents two main characteristics. Firstly, it is effective in dynamic environments as well as in stationary contexts. Secondly, it allows to incorporate new hidden neurons during learning without loosing the knowledge already acquired. In this paper, we extended this previous algorithm including a mechanism to automatically adapt the network topology according with the needs of the learning process. This automatic estimation technique is based on the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension. The theoretical basis for the method is given and its performance is illustrated by means of its application to different system identification problems. The results confirm that the proposed method is able to check whether new hidden units should be added depending on the requirements of the online learning process.


Humans rely more and more on data-driven web application to make decision for business, finance, education, government, environment, industry, and even for personal purposes. These applications are commonly developed with open-source web development technologies (a.k.a. libraries / frameworks) in either JavaScript, PHP or both. For the past few years, these technologies evolved exponentially and offered simpler ways for web application development. However, not every web developer benefit from the evolution of these web development technologies especially the young and amateur. This is primarily due to its rapid changes, complicated documentations and the steep learning curve of these technologies. In this paper, we proposed a custom defined HTML element, pigeon-chart, as a middleware to accommodate challenges experienced by these young and amateur web developers. Pigeon-chart is straightforward and allows web developers to embed visualization i.e. charts into web application with data obtained from MySQL databases in a much simpler manner.


The Norwegian Industry Association for Oil Companies took the initiative of evaluating the basic safety training given in the country's offshore industry and for developing proposals for improvements. Its findings and recommendations are briefly summarized. In line with these, more weight will be put upon teaching personnel how to avoid the occurrence of incidents and accidents and less time will be spent on the theoretical aspects and the contingency part of safety training.


We describe several systems for identifying short samples of Arabic dialects. The systems were prepared for the shared task of the 2016 DSL Workshop. Our best system, an SVM using character tri-gram features, achieved an accuracy on the test data for the task of 0.4279, compared to a baseline of 0.20 for chance guesses or 0.2279 if we had always chosen the same most frequent class in the test set. This compares with the results of the team with the best weighted F1 score, which was an accuracy of 0.5117. The team entries seem to fall into cohorts, with all the teams in a cohort within a standard-deviation of each other, and our three entries are in the third cohort, which is about seven standard deviations from the top.


Performance measurement is intended to measure company performance using a balanced scorecard analysis, which measured from four perspectives that exist in it, namely: Financial Perspective, the customer perspective in this case is the customer, internal business process perspective, and Learning and Growth Perspective. From the performance results of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk viewed from the perspective of financial ratios used by, the bank looks in general is less good. This can be seen from the ratio had decreased from the previous year. In the customer perspective, the author distributing questionnaires to customers. Viewed from this perspective bank performance can be said to be good, because it can be seen from the average customer who said they were satisfied with the services and products provided. In the internal business perspective, it can be said to be good because the banks continue to make innovations in its products.


The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published the first part of its sixth assessment report (AR6) which summarises the latest climate science findings and will guide policy in the years ahead. This report is particularly timely, as world leaders prepare to respond to the climate crisis at the UN COP26 climate summit in Glasgow this November. The full AR6 report is an enormous scientific undertaking that assesses the physical science basis for climate change and assembles the findings from over 14,000 peer reviewed publications. The purpose of this briefing document is to provide a succinct summary of the key scientific messages.


Introduction HIV coinfection presents a challenge for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Invasive splenic or bone marrow aspiration with microscopic visualisation of Leishmania parasites remains the gold standard for diagnosis of VL in HIV-coinfected patients. Furthermore, a test of cure by splenic or bone marrow aspiration is required as patients with VL-HIV infection are at a high risk of treatment failure. However, there remain financial, implementation and safety costs to these invasive techniques which severely limit their use under field conditions. Methods and analysis We aim to evaluate blood and skin qPCR, peripheral blood buffy coat smear microscopy and urine antigen ELISA as non-invasive or minimally invasive alternatives for diagnosis and post-treatment test of cure for VL in HIV-coinfected patients in India, using a sample of 91 patients with parasitologically confirmed symptomatic VL-HIV infection. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval for this study has been granted by The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, The Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, the University of Antwerp and the Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science in Patna. Any future publications will be published in open access journals. Trial registration number CTRI/2019/03/017908.


The present invention relates to a protein or peptide with higher efficiency and fusion protein to be introduced into cells that uses a function, is composed of more particularly from 6 to 12 amino acid residues, arginine or lysine residue transport domain containing group 3/4 or more is covalently attached to an amino group and a carboxyl group of the target protein, cell permeable translocation domain - target protein - relates translocation domain fusion protein and its use. The present invention, Cu is known to those performed an important role in the green fluorescent protein (Green fluorescence protein) and the biological defense mechanism to easily analyze cellular uptake capacity and efficiency and intracellular activity of the protein, Zn - superoxide dis Muta - using zero the (SOD) to the target protein.


In this work we demonstrate the first design of the focusing reflecting all-dielectric metasurface which is realized on periodically arranged bianisotropic elements made of distilled water. The metasurface was shown to demonstrate focusing capabilities of the reflected electromagnetic signal at 12 GHz while preserving transparency outside of the operating frequency band.


It verges on the platitudinous to say that Wittgenstein's own treatment of the question of a private language has been almost lost to view under mountains of commentary in the last twenty years—so much so, that no one with a concern for his own health would try to arrive at a verdict on the question by first mastering the available discussion. But a general acquaintance with the commentaries indicates that opinion on the matter can be roughly divided into two categories: that of the Old Orthodoxy (both defenders and attackers of Wittgenstein are included), most recently represented by Robert Fogelin in his book Wittgenstein; and that of what may be termed the New Guardians of the Wittgenstein Tradition, apparently based in Oxford and headed by Anthony Kenny, who in his book Wittgenstein has proposed a new account of the argument of Philosophical Investigations §§256–271. The important difference between the old and new orthodoxies will be considered later.


Objective To explore the clinical application effect on improved fixing method of urine receptor for adult male in urinary incontinence. Methods 120 patients used the male urine receptor were randomly divided into routine group and improved group,each group of 60 cases.In the routine group,the urine sleeve of the urine collector was sheathed with the penis,and then the drainage bag was hanged on the edge of the bed.In the improved group,the urine sleeve was add an adjustable elastic,mobile fixator,then the drainage tube part of the male urine collector was fixed in the inner side of the thigh by adopting "holding platform" + "S" type.Incidence rate of urine collector degloving,urine collector leakage of urine,incontinence dermatitis and urine bacterial culture result in two groups were evaluated. Results Incidence rate of urine collector degloving,urine collector leakage of urine,incontinence dermatitis in improved group was lower than that in routine group respectively,with statistical difference(P0.01).Urine bacterial culture result between two groups was compared,with no statistical difference(P0.05). Conclusion Improved fixing method of urine receptor for adult male can effectively reduce incidence rate of urine collector degloving,urine collector leakage of urine,reduce incontinence dermatitis,improve the quality of the life and the quality of nursing care in patient with urinary incontinence.


short notice, particularly for night duty. It is estimated that there are at least 100 additional registered nurses in the county who are inactive.... A dentist-population ratio of 41 nonfederal dentists per 100,000 population in Mecklenburg County does not equal the national average of 53 dentists per 100,000 population in 1950. Five of the 49 answering dentists, however, are doing only 30 to 70 percent of the amount of dental practice that they would like to do, and another 15 are doing only 75 to 95 percent of the optimal load they desire. The inventory showed that local dentists spend much less time caring for out-of-the-county patients than do the physicians.&dquo;...


Ferric sulfate is a very useful reagent for mineral leaching and metal recovery. Ferric sulfate may be used as an oxidative leaching agent for uranium, zinc, copper, nickel and other ores. Ferric ion is a modestly strong oxidant. Similarly, the use of ferric co-precipitation to stabilize arsenic, selenium and other species is in wide use. The demand for ferric sulfate for this application is increasing. Pyrite and pyrrhotite represent minerals that are widely available as sources of soluble iron to provide ferric sulfate for leaching and for iron co-precipitation. The use of biological processes for oxidation of pyrite is well established. However, the common goal is to use biological oxidation to liberate a valuable material (eg. Gold locked in arsenopyrite or pyrite). Much less attention has been paid to production of soluble iron for leaching of other minerals or for use as a precipitant. The use of chemical processes such as atmospheric and pressure oxidation may also be used to generate ferric sulfate from iron sulfide minerals. In this paper the use of biological and chemical processing for production of ferric sulfate will be reviewed and discussed.


A growing burden of mental illness, and in particular depression, among workers is a concern of occupational public health. Scientific evidence has revealed consistent associations of work-related stress, as measured by theoretical models, with depression, but mostly so in developed countries. This contribution explores these associations in a developing Latin American country, Brazil, by applying an internationally established work stress model, the effort-reward imbalance (ERI). This model focuses on the work contract where unjust exchange between high efforts spent and low rewards received in turn contributes to stress-related disorders. The model's extrinsic ('effort', 'reward') and intrinsic components ('over-commitment'), as well as their combination, are hypothesized to be related to a higher risk of depressive episodes (DE). Using cross-sectional data from the ELSA-Brasil study, including 10,034 workers from the public sector, we observed increased prevalence ratio (PR) of DE according to ERI scales. The quartiles of highest 'effort' (PR = 1.85; 1.44–2.37), highest 'over-commitment' (PR = 3.62; 2.80–4.70) and lowest 'reward' (PR = 3.44; 2.55–4.64) were associated with DE, on adjusted models, as well was the E–R ratio (PR = 2.47; 1.92–3.17). An additive interaction was identified between the E–R ratio and 'over-commitment'. The results support the use of ERI as a screening tool for work stress in the Brazilian context and will offer guidance for worksite health promotion programs.


Abstract A method is described for the selective amplification of single mycobiont rDNA sequences from vegetative, non-ascomatal material of the lichenized thalli of Parmelia sulcata and P. saxatilis. The method includes a simple DNA extraction procedure employing rhizines, which avoids the use of liquid nitrogen disruption methods and phenol based extractions. The resulting amplified DNA is suitable for restriction enzyme analysis, and can be used to provide material for investigating population distribution and species concepts.


The invention discloses a control method and a controller which are applied to a center control device of a motor vehicle. The method comprises the following steps of receiving a target data packet sent by a signal lamp; analyzing the target data packet and acquiring a distance value from the motor vehicle to the signal lamp which is about to be passed by the motor vehicle and remaining time of allowable running of the signal lamp; based on the distance value and the remaining time, determining whether the motor vehicle can run the distance value in the remaining time and acquiring a determination result; and at least based on the determination result, triggering an instruction that the center control device executes a corresponding function. After the target data packet of the signal lamp is received, based on an analysis result of the data packet, whether the motor vehicle can pass through the signal lamp is determined, and further based on the determination result, the motor vehicle is controlled so that a condition that the motor vehicle runs the red light is avoided and dangerousness is reduced.


Masugi Lbuse is a famous writer from Japan. His writings, full of deep realism and humanism, are humorous, implicit and relaxing in style. They reveal boundless pathos in the guise of intentional fun. His postwar writings, anti-war oriented, expose the war's mental torment of the ordinary people , the poison of militarism on the people and its severe injury to and influence on people's physiology and psychology, and reflect the people's strong wish for peace and against war . His writings embody the characteristics of the postwar 'literature of war' and the special artistic achievements of 'Masugi's literature'.


Various methods and apparatus that even in a case where the processing resource limitations and may not support presentation processing minimum frame rate can also be presented at the minimum frame rate to render graphical images. When the pattern being presented, a processor of a computing device may monitor frame rate reached. If the frame rate drops to below a minimum threshold, the processor may record the current speed or rate of motion of an image presented on the start and less computationally complex graphics item. For computationally less complex rendering projects continued until the processor to record the presented item velocity is less than the recorded speed. At this point, you can resume normal graphics rendering. These aspects may be applied to an on more complex type of computing less project or presentation format. It can be applied to all aspects of a variety of animation and motion graphics, and scrolling text, web pages.


OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents in fruit of Akebia trifoliata.METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified by recrystallization and columnchromatography with silica gel and ODS.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physico chemical properties and spectral analysis.RESULTS Seven compounds were identified as hederagenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside(Ⅰ),hederagenin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside(Ⅱ),3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-gluco pyranoside(Ⅲ),3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅳ),hederagenin-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅴ),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-30-nor-olean-12,20(29)-dien-28-oic acid O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-gluco pyranosyl ester(Ⅵ),daucosterol(Ⅶ).CONCLUSION Compound Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were isolated from A.trifoliata(Thunb.) Koidz.for the first time and compounds Ⅴ and Ⅵ were isolated from Akebia genus for the first time.


Abstract : A study was made with rats of the differentiation in RNA response in neurons early and late during learning. In early learning, nuclear RNA was formed with high adenine and uracil values, i.e., 26 and 28, respectively. Later during learning a 100% RNA/cell increase occurred, but the RNA had changed to a ribosomal type, i. e., A 21 G 35 C 24 U 20. It is concluded that early response with A-U rich RNA production reflects a genic stimulation in a learning situation never before encountered. Similarly, in behavioral tests, vestibular neurons produce nuclear RNA with high adenine and low uracil values when a difficult balancing is being learned. A study was also made of protein synthesis in isolated neurons and glia during learning. Two separate methods are described for the separation and determination of proteins: (1) An ultramicro method and (2) the use of tricyanoaminopropene to stimulate RNA synthesis in neurons. With these procedures, it is now possible to correlate protein synthesis in isolated neurons with their RNA synthesis and the type of RNA and base composition. (Author)


This paper discusses a naturalistic driving study on the use of mobile phones and navigation systems while driving. Manual interactions with these devices while driving can cause distraction from the driving task and reduce traffic safety. In this study 21 subjects were observed for 5 weeks. Their behavior was logged by four cameras, a Global Positioning System sensor, and a number of additional sensors. Results are presented on the durations and frequencies of manual interactions with the mobile phone and navigation system. Different manual subtasks with different levels of visual interaction are discussed, as well as how these interactions relate to driving speed. Results show that participants spent on average 1% of their driving time interacting with the navigation system and 4% of their driving time interacting with the mobile phone, excluding mobile phone conversations. For the mobile phone, 48% of the interactions took longer than 15 s; for the navigation system it was 40%. The average duration of a visual–manual subtask for the navigation system and the mobile phone was not significantly different when the task was performed while driving or while the vehicle was standing still. Exploratory analysis of vehicle speed suggests that drivers do not seem to adjust their speed while performing a visual–manual task. The results are discussed in relation to traffic safety and recommendations for future research.


Reference electrodes are a vital part of all cathodic protection systems. They vary from simple to complex, portable to permanent and are used in the most extreme to the most mild physical circumstances. The fundamental principles of reference electrodes in common use are reviewed and the desired accuracy is discussed. Issues concerning reference type, suitability, placement, calibration, maintenance and durability are examined. Their use to determine various cathodic protection criteria is discussed and the errors involved are considered. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. E200447.


We present a neural rendering framework for simultaneous view synthesis and appearance editing of a scene with known environmental illumination captured using a mobile camera. Existing approaches either achieve view synthesis alone or view synthesis along with relighting, without control over the scene's appearance. Our approach explicitly disentangles the appearance and learns a lighting representation that is independent of it. Specifically, we jointly learn the scene appearance and a lighting-only representation of the scene. Such disentanglement allows our approach to generalize to arbitrary changes in appearance while performing view synthesis. We show results of editing the appearance of real scenes in interesting and non-trivial ways. The performance of our view synthesis approach is on par with state-of-the-art approaches on both real and synthetic data.


Essential services such as electricity are critical to human well-being and the functioning of modern society. These services are produced by complex adaptive socio-technical systems and emerge from the interplay of technical infrastructure with people and governing institutions. Ongoing global changes such as urbanization and increasing prevalence of extreme weather events are generating much interest in strategies for building the resilience of essential services. However, much of the emphasis has been on reliable and resilient technical infrastructure. This focus is insufficient; resilience also needs to be built into the human and institutional processes within which these technical systems are embedded. Here, we propose a conceptual framework, based on a complex adaptive systems perspective, that identifies four key domains that require investment to build the resilience of essential services. This framework addresses both the technical and social components of the socio-technical systems that underlie essential services and incorporates specified and general resilience considerations. The framework can be used to guide resilience Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za


Sidewalks are one of the busiest and noisiest places people navigate on a daily basis. This poses a challenge especially for visually impaired persons, who lack the crucial sense of sight. Currently implemented mass measures to aid them are bumps and color indicators on sidewalks and also the walking sticks that such persons are dependent on to avoid collisions with other pedestrians and obstacles. We propose a system which incorporates a wearable device in the form of a glove and an Android device to assist visually impaired persons and make it easier for them to navigate safely. The Android device and the glove sync together via Bluetooth connection, the vibration actuators in the glove provide haptic feedback to the user corresponding to instructions from the paired device. Our Android application captures a live video of the world in front of the user using the camera of the device and performs a sequence of computer vision tasks in real-time to inform the user via haptic feedback, about the direction of oncoming persons in their surroundings, possible chances of collision with these persons, position and state of the traffic lights, presence of stop signs and other road signs. The performance of the solution has been tested by conducting real life deployment tests on 15 blindfolded visually abled subjects and has yielded an accuracy of 84.45% in aiding them.


The beneficial effect of hypothermia on the treatment of ischemic cerebral damages has been explored since last several decades. However, less attention has been paid then on the application of hypothermia because of hampered complications and lack of basic knowledges. In the 1980s at long last, it was shown in the animal experiments that lowering temperature only by a few degrees could rescue central neurons against ischemic damages; seemingly the dawn of the second generation of hypothermia. In the animal models of transient global ischemia or focal ischemia, mild to moderate intraischemic hypothermia provided aremarkably protective effect on neurons, both histologically and functionally. A therapeutically relevant issue might be whether such hypothermia, even when introduced in the postischemic period, could also be neuroprotective against ischemic cerebral damages. At least in gerbil models, hippocampal CA 1 neurons were definitely rescued by hypothermia for 24hrs following transient forebrain ischemia for 5min and then normothermic reperfusion for couples of hrs. On the other hand, hypothermia on permanent focal cerebral ischemia has been considerably less studied than global ischemia, results obtained being still shaky.The mechanism underlying the protective effect of postischemic hypothermia are not clear yet. However, a growing body of evidence has indicated that lowering temperature depresses ischemia induced glutamate release, intracellular calcium mobilizaion, and microglial activation along with production of NO and superoxides. It also restores postischemic protein synthesis, permeability of vessels, and the function of blood-brain barrier, and obviously induce transcription factors like AP 1 which may link to synthesis of cytokines. Thus, mode of action of hypothermia is broad and non-specific, which may be greatly of advantage in regard to cerebral protection against ischemic damages.


[PROBLEMS] To provide a hydrogel having excellent mechanical properties, which can be produced only by mixing by using a highly commercially available polymer having high general purpose and clay particles, and also providing a method for producing the hydrogel. The purpose. [Solution] A hydrogel-forming composition is provided, comprising an electrolyte polymer (A), clay particles (B), and a dispersant (C) of the clay particles.


Topical cyclosporine 0.05% (Restasis, Allergan) limited progression or improved dry eye severity levels in most patients, while the use of artificial tears alone led to worsening of disease severity levels in nearly one-third of patients in a 12-month randomized study. The rapid progression of the disease in patients using artificial tears and the improvements in the patients using cyclosporine suggest that medication use could be beneficial for many individuals with level 2 dry eye disease.


Objective To observe the changes of lipid peroxidation snd anti oxygen capability in lungs of neonatal rats exposed to different concentration oxygen for different time.Methods Four groups of neonatal rats that were less than 12 hours oid were exposed to95%O 2,60%O 2,40%O 2and nirmal air(21%O 2)differently,and their lungs wereobtained when they had been expised for 12,24,48,mand 72hours,The malondiadehyde(MDA) level was measured by thiobarbituric acid test,and the total anti oxygen capability (TAOC) was measured by chemistry colorimentry.Results The MDA level xorrelated with oxygen xoncentration significantly positively ( P 0.01),but the TAOC correlated with it significantly negatively in lungs of neonatal rats at all time points( P 0.01).The MDA level and the TAOC in lungs of neonatal rats were significant differece between any two groups at some time points( P 0.05, P 0.01).Conclusion The TAOC decreased significantly,but the degree of lipid peroxidation increased significantly in lungs of neonatal rats exposed to 95%O 2,60%O 2,or 40%O 2 for some time.The TAOC correlate with oxygen concentration significantly negatively,but the degree of lipid peroxidation correlate with oxygen concentration significantly positively.


New generation vaccines, particularly those based on recombinant proteins, are generally less reactogenic than traditional live attenuated vaccines. Nevertheless, in terms of immunogenicity, they require potent adjuvants to reach a proper immune response in the recipients. We had previously evaluated the potential capacity of PD5 protein (a vaccine candidate against dengue-2, composed by the P64k protein of Neisseria meningitidis, and the domain III of the dengue Envelope protein), as a vaccine candidate with Freund's adjuvant. In this work, we evaluated the adjuvant capacity of the outer membrane vesicles (OMV) from N. meningitidis on the immunogenicity of the PD5 protein. As a result, after three doses in mice, the groups immunized with three different formulations of OMV elicited high titers of antiviral and neutralizing antibodies against dengue-2 with predominant IgG1 levels. Additionally, in the protection study, the most statistical difference was obtained in one of the three groups immunized with OMV, specifically with one formulation which favors the possible association between the protein and vesicles.


This is the case of a 56-year-old otherwise healthy electrician with a history of alcohol abuse and frequent occupational outdoor activities. For the past 15 years, he had been treated by a dermatologist for progressive erythematous plaques with adherent hyperkeratosis, central atrophy, and scarring involving the face (Figure 1a), ears, scalp, upper chest, and forearms. The patient reported that he had previously received treatment with a drug he could not name that had caused visual impairment and had therefore been discontinued. The primary reason for consulting our department was an erythematous, centrally ulcerated tumor that had recently occurred on the right ear and in the preauricular region (Figure 1b). A biopsy taken from the upper chest revealed vacuolar interface dermatitis with thickening of the basement membrane (Figure 1c); another biopsy (from the right antihelix) showed plump aggregates as well as strands of atypical keratinocytes in the corium with good-to-moderate differentiation (Figure 1d). Blood tests – ANA and hepatitis markers in particular – were normal, except for an increase in rheumatoid factor (105.00 IU/mL; reference value: ≤ 15 IU/mL) and elevated liver function tests (AST 73 U/L [10–50 U/L], ALT 187 U/L [10–50 U/L]). The diagnostic workup included a chest X-ray, abdominal and lymph node ultrasound, ECG, echocardiography, and 24-hour urinalysis. While it showed low-grade proteinuria, hepatic steatosis, and hepatomegaly, there was no evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or metastatic spread. The patient underwent complete excision of the squamous cell carcinoma, followed by cervical lymph node dissection (pT4pN0M0) and radiation therapy. Given the impaired liver function as well as the history of visual impairment (most likely on treatment with antimalarial agents) and the newly diagnosed cutaneous malignancy, guideline-based DLE treatment with antimalarials, retinoids, or methotrexate (MTX) was not an option. We therefore decided to start the patient on potent topical corticosteroids and clofazimine 200 mg/day, which resulted in significant and sustained improvement of the DLE lesions after just a few weeks (Figure 1e). Clinical Letter


Objective
To investigate the antimicrobial resistance, macrolide-resistance genes, virulence genes and emm types in Streptococcus pyogenes isolates.

Methods
A total of 247 oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected from pediatric outpatients (aged 2-11 years) who were clinically diagnosed as scarlet fever in Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from January to December, 2018. These specimens were timely sent to the Microbiology Laboratory for isolation and identification of Streptococcus pyogenes strains were isolate after culturing and identified with bacitracin susceptibility test. Moreover, the diameter of bacitracin inhibition zone was measured by vernier caliper. Their susceptibility to seven antibiotics, including erythromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, norfloxacin and chloramphenicol, were measured using KB method. Macrolide-resistance genes (mefA, ermA, ermB and Tn916 transposon) and virulence genes (speA, speB, speC, speG, speH, speI, speJ and speK) were detected by PCR. Amplification and sequencing of emm gene were conducted according to the protocol in the website of Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Results
A total of 86 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes were isolated from the 247 specimens. Their resistance rates to erythromycin, clarithromycin and clindamycin were 89.5%, 95.3% and 96.5%, respectively. However, these isolates showed high susceptibility to ampicillin (100.0%), ceftriaxone (100.0%), norfloxacin (90.7%) and chloramphenicol (95.3%). The positive rates of mefA, ermA, ermB and Tn916 genes were 20.9%, 24.4%, 98.8% and 97.7%. There was significant difference in the mefA-carrying rates between patients with scarlet fever and angina. The positive rates of virulence genes of speA, speB, speC, speG, speH, speI, speJ, speK, speL and speM were 8.1%, 100.0%, 95.3%, 100.0%, 80.2%, 90.7%, 10.5%, 100.0%, 5.8% and 5.8%. Seven emm types were identified and the predominant types were emm12.0 (75.6%), emm12.19 (9.3%) and emm1.0 (8.1%). The diameter of bacitracin inhibition zone was smaller in isolates of emm1.0 type than in emm12.0 type strains. The profile of virulence genes varied in the strains of different emm types. All types of strains carried speB, speG and speK genes. The isolates of emm1.0 type carried speA virulence gene, while speB, speC, speG, speH, speI and speK genes were more often identified in emm12.0 type isolates.

Conclusions
This study showed that emm types were associated with the profile of virulence genes and the diameter of bacitracin inhibition zone. It was recommended that the diameter of bacitracin inhibition zone should be measured in bacitracin inhibition susceptibility test apart from only observing the formation of inhibition zone.

Key words:
Streptococcus pyogenes; Antimicrobial resistance; Virulence gene; emm type; Bacitracin susceptibility test


Welcome, on behalf of the Race to the Top Summer Science Research Program. We are proud of the opportunity to select teachers to participate in this summer science enrichment program, through the RT3 Innovation Grant Fund. This program has been designed to engage and encourage students to further explore science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. High School Science Teachers will have an opportunity to participate in the Teacher Induction component of this program. Selected teachers will receive a $4,000 stipend during the summer, and an additional $2,000 during the academic year. Key component of the program will allow teachers the opporutinity to learn strategies and skills to support research and scientific literacy in the high school classroom. Also, selected teachers are expected to attend a leadership retreat June 26-28, 2014. Information and applications will be available on the Clayton County schools website.


ABSTRACT.  The research has been conducted at Laboratory of animal product technology, Agriculture Faculty, Syiah Kuala University. This aimed of the research to study the different of composition of fat and milk protein to Etawah goats at the firs and fourth laction. The results showed that there were do not significantly different (P>0.05) between the composition of fat and milk protein at the first lactation and the fourth lactatation. Composition of fat and milk protein at the first lactation was 3.966% and 3.336%. Wheras at the forth lactation were 4.016% to milk fat and 3.354% to milk protein composition.


In this paper, adaptive backstepping control is implemented with a three link manipulator. The adaptive backstepping algorithm is designed to stabilize the nonlinear dynamics of the system. The idea of backstepping design is to drive the error equation to zero by implementing a virtual control strategy and parameter adjustment laws. This design technique is applicable to both linear and nonlinear systems. In this paper, the parameters of the manipulator are assumed to be initially unknown. They can be estimated by using the adaptive backstepping mechanism design. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the backstepping and adaptive backstepping control.


A new formulation of the pitch estimation problem is proposed. A speech signal is modeled as a sequence of a specified function in a time-dependent manner which allows the period and the amplitude of excitation of the signal to be time varying. The asymmetry of the signal distribution with respect to the time axis is profited from. A statistically optimized resemblance function derived from an energy criterion is obtained. The estimation of pitch period is achieved by maximizing this function. An estimation of the position and the amplitude of the maximum peak in each period for voiced speech segments is simultaneously provided. An interpretation in frequency domain shows that this approach is equivalent to the harmonic structure matching process of the recently proposed biological pitch perception. Experiments on the performances of the algorithm are presented for clean, noisy, and simulated telephone-line filtered speech, respectively. The result is extremely encouraging: the estimation is almost free from error for clean speech, no presence of the first harmonic is necessary, the estimation is of high noise immunity, and the speech model is sufficient for following rapid pitch variations. It appears that the method is at least as efficient as any existing pitch determination methods based on harmonic structure searching.


All major dietary guidelines and recommendations for the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular disease strongly advocate for a diet high in fruit. TheWorld Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum daily intake of five servings of fruit and vegetables (400 g per day) to prevent non-communicable diseases. This was echoed by several other organisations such as the Centers for Disease Control (5-A-Day for Better Health) and the United Kingdom's National Health Service (5 A Day campaign). However, the challenge to reach the five a day target was recently shown in the UK, where only 17% of hospital staff succeeded. These recommendations are based on a solid foundation of evidence from longitudinal and interventional studies indicating that a high intake of fruit is associated with a lower risk of hypertension and associated outcomes. When the Global Burden of Disease Study collaborators ranked 84 different metabolic, environmental and behavioural risk factors by risk-attributable disability adjusted life years (DALYs), a diet low in fruit was ranked 13th – climbing seven positions from being ranked 20th in 1990. The cardioprotective effects of fruit are wide-ranging and involve multiple beneficial effects due to a high content of fibre, minerals (potassium, magnesium), vitamins, phytochemicals (polyphenols and carotenoids), antioxidants and unidentified compounds which are likely to act synergistically to reduce cardiovascular risk. Despite fruits containing high concentrations of fructose, sucrose and glucose, epidemiological evidence suggests an anti-obesity effect of whole fruit intake – with many ascribing this to the high fibre content. Flowing from this argument, 100% fruit juices were targeted as culprits for the obesity epidemic in youth. Yet, a recent meta-analysis involving 34,470 individual children aged 1–18 years found fruit juice to be associated with a small amount of weight gain in those aged 1–6 years which was not clinically significant. They found no association of 100% fruit juice consumption with weight gain in children aged 7–18 years. This is supported by a study suggesting a greater intake of fruit in middle-aged and older women to be associated with a lower risk of becoming obese. Where large prospective cohorts in adults found no association between fruit juices and hypertension, a meta-analysis found fruit juice intake to be inversely associated with coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke and all-cause mortality. Although there seems to be more clarity in terms of the pros and cons of fruit juice intake, the question remains unanswered as to whether all fruits were created equally. Is a general recommendation of 5-a-day appropriate for all fruit? There is a plethora of evidence on fruit consumption and cardioprotective benefits, but usually all fruits are grouped into a single category. Very few large-scale prospective studies have evaluated individual fruit intake and the risk of hypertension or cardiovascular disease. Making use of more than 20 years of prospective data from the Nurses' Health Study I and II, and Health Professional Follow-up Study, Borgi et al. analysed individual fruits and incident hypertension. When including grapes/raisins, apples/pears, bananas, strawberries, blueberries, oranges, peaches/apricots/plums, prunes, avocoado and cantaloupe, the authors found a high intake of raisins/grapes and apples/pears to individually associate with reduced hypertension risk, whereas avocado and blueberries also associated with a significant trend towards lower hypertension risk. Cantaloupe intake was associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The beneficial results for apples and raisins replicated earlier findings from the more than 28,000 participants from the Women's Health Study, which also indicated oranges – but not bananas, strawberries or blueberries – to be associated with a reduced risk of hypertension. In a systematic review and meta-analysis including 95 studies, Aune et al. also reviewed single


Bumper (5) composite energy absorber for a motor vehicle which comprises a deformable portion (16) disposed in contact with a resistant profile (7) bears against the longitudinal members (9) and a front element (8 ), characterized in that the deformable portion (16) comprises at least two absorbing elements (11) comprise energy by a skin respectively (13) of polymer enveloping a material (14) of cellular structure whose cells (141) are juxtaposed and formed by elementary prisms of hexagonal section.


Reduction and transformation of solid charge in blast furnace with gas injection was studied by simulation.The results are: When the H2 content in mixed gas increases,the RDI of solid charge increases;the RDI of solid charge decreases with the increase of reaction temperature;high H2 content is advantageous for reduction of ferrous oxides and CO decomposition;H2 content has no influence on carbon content of reduced ore at 900 ℃;the strength of coke after reaction decreases sharply with the H2 content in mixed gas.


Novel cellulose hydrogels based on the inclusion complex between α-cyclodextrin and binary-drug loaded nanoparticles (carboxymethylcellulose–betulinic acid/hydroxycamptothecine nanoparticles) were prepared in aqueous media for the first time. As the reversible supramolecular assembly behavior, the thermosensitive hydrogels showed distinctive reversible gel–sol transition properties related to structure at a particular temperature. The temperature of the gel–sol transition was decided by the concentration between the nanoparticles and α-cyclodextrin. In addition, the injectable drug delivery applications of the BA/HCPT-loaded hydrogel showed more effectively than that of free drugs and BA/HCPT-loaded nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo studies. Such an injectable hydrogel with a unique structure and temperature responses would be a promising candidate for many intelligent delivery applications.


need for roots and for community and for tradition. His polemic against the contemporary liberal religious establishment has the accuracy (and exaggeration) one would expect of the newly "deprogrammed." I suspect a great many religious professionals may be in various stages of a similar deconversion experience. This book will raise useful questions for many who have not yet become disenchanted with "modernity" or who are just beginning to be disenchanted. It may be of particular value for practicioners of pastoral care coming as it does from one who has so importantly contributed to this discipline. A final word. aden's book concludes with a list of classics of Christianity. The list is a good one. It would be better if it included examples of the Eastern Orthodox theology which has sought to maintain the continuity for which aden seeks. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press is the best source for obtaining the classics of this tradition in recent English translation. There one will also discover contemporary restatements of orthodoxy by such theologians as Lossky, Schmemann and Meyendorff.


The advantages with regard to noise enhancement of certain suboptimum nonlinear techniques for "equalization" of linear distortion on channels used for digital data transmission have recently received considerable attention. These nonlinear schemes fall into two classes: decision feedback and nonlinear precoding. Yet each of these methods has an associated peculiarity which has impeded attempts to give firm bounds on performance. Thus, for decision feedback error propagation has caused the analytical pains, while for nonlinear precoding of an L -level alphabet the unknown increase in transmitter power has been culpable. The former problem has recently received successful attention by one of the present authors and some colleagues. Here we address the concomitant problem for nonlinear precoding and its extension to quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and show that the transmitted normalized power P satisfies (L^{2} - 1)/3 \leq P \leq (L^{2} - 1)/3 + 1 .


Reports the results of a survey of users of Internet cafés in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to assess their knowledge and awareness of Internet resources. Findings showed the largely male, Tanzanian population used the Internet primarily for personal communication and visiting recreational sites (mainly obscene materials). Low levels of awareness and training among end-users and staff were noted. Recommends better awareness raising, sensitization and training for end-users and staff.


Injections of 10 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA3) had increasing effects on terminal shoot growth of 'Red Prince Delicious' apple as rootstock vigor decreased. Injections of 100 ppm of abscisic acid (ABA) caused all trees to cease growth and to form terminal buds characteristic of summer dormancy. The most dwarfing trees responded more quickly to ABA than did the more vigorous trees.


Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by myofibroblast proliferation. Transition of epithelial/mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts [epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)] occurs under the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, with Snail being a major transcription factor. We study here the role of the heat‐shock protein HSP27 in fibrogenesis and EMT. In vitro, we have up‐ and down‐modulated HSP27 expression in mesothelial and epithelial cell lines and studied the expression of different EMT markers induced by TGF‐β1. In vivo, we inhibited HSP27 with the antisense oligonucleotide OGX‐427 (in phase II clinical trials as anticancer agent) in our rat subpleural/pulmonary fibrosis models. We demonstrate that HSP27 is strongly expressed during the fibrotic process in patients with IPF and in different in vivo models. We showed that HSP27 binds to and stabilizes Snail and consequently induces EMT. Conversely, HSP27 knockdown leads to Snail proteasomal degradation, thus inhibiting TGF‐β1‐induced EMT. Inhibition of HSP27 with OGX‐427 efficiently blocks EMT and fibrosis development. Controls in vivo were an empty adenovirus that did not induce fibrosis and a control antisense oligonucleotide. The present work opens the possibility of a new therapeutic use for HSP27 inhibitors against IPF, for which there is no conclusively effective treatment.—Wettstein, G., Bellaye, P.‐S., Kolb, M., Hammann, A., Crestani, B., Soler, P., Marchal‐Somme, J., Hazoume, A., Gauldie, J., Gunther, A., Micheau, O., Gleave, M., Camus, P., Garrido, C., Bonniaud, P. Inhibition of HSP27 blocks fibrosis development and EMT features by promoting Snail degradation. FASEB J. 27, 1549–1560 (2013). www.fasebj.org


This case report presents the clinical record of a 37‐year‐old man who presented with a dense right hemiplegia, found to be caused by a left medial medullary stroke. The cause of the stroke was unclear, and bacterial endocarditis was initially suspected. However, he was ultimately found to have neurosyphilis on a background of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus and was treated with benzylpenicillin. This case report reviews the diagnosis of neurosyphilis and highlights the importance of considering neurosyphilis as a rare but important cause of stroke, especially given the increasing prevalence of syphilis in Australia.


Creating healthy communities will take center stage during APHA's 139th Annual Meeting, to be held Oct. 29–Nov. 2 in Washington, D.C.


The on-line SPE-HPLC coupling system was developed for the efficient separation and determination of trace pesticides, such as phenoxyacetic acids and esters, and triazines in aqueous solutions. By using the developed SPE-HPLC on-line system, the band broadening usually observed in single precolumn switching mode was greatly reduced, consequently, the quantitative determination of trace pesticides could be achieved, Besides, since most of the analytes preconcentrated by SPE column could be injected directly into HPLC system, the limit of detection can be improved down to ppt level.


The series of sections which forms the principal basis of this paper was sent by Mr. LOMAX of Lancashire, England. As the type specimen (C. N. I6I4, WILLIAMSON 8) on which MASLEN founded this species was incompletely preserved, only a provisional diagnosis (4) was given. With better material on hand, excellently preserved and prepared, it seemed wise to direct attention to an intensive study of the structure of this species so that a fuller description of it could be given. The material studied consists of a series of twelve transverse sections of the cone, slides G 8-i9. According to LOMAX, it is "the most perfect specimen of a lycopodiaceous cone that has yet been discovered." A comparison of this with those described and figured in literature will justify the claim. G 8 is cut through the apex and G i9 through the base of the cone. The length of the cone was originally 2 inches, or 5.I cm., while measurements of the middle sections give an average of 2.4 cm. in diameter. The Halifax Hard Bed at Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England, from which the specimens were collected, is a coal seam of the Lower Coal Measure Formation in the Gannister Horizon. Cone


The term "Ritter's disease" stands as a tribute to the clinical acumen of Ritter von Rittershain, who in 1878 described a bullous exfoliative disease that affects newborn infants. His remarkable description of 287 infants seen in a foundling hospital in Prague remains the largest and most complete clinical description of this c0ndition.l By 1898, Winternitz had linked Ritter's disease to infection with Staphylococcus aureus.2 A particular subgroup of coagulasepositive staphylococcus, those strains that belong to phage group 11, were identified as associated with Ritter's disease by the early 1 9 6 0 ~ , ~ . A and since that time all outbreaks in which phage type has been reported have been associated with staphylococci of this phage group.


Author(s): Wang, Trinity | Abstract: This research investigates the different educational opportunities available to migrant children here defined as children whose hukou (household registration) is incompatible with their residing locality due to parental migration. I focus on Shanghai, the city with the largest migrant population in China. In the first section of this paper, I introduce the hukou system which maintains the regional exclusivity of public education among other forms of welfare and debars migrant children from having the same education opportunities as children with local-hukou. Then, I historicize major policy changes and effects, drawing from official statistics as well as international literature. The second section is comprised of my interviews with principals, administrators, and teachers from seven schools in Shanghai. Through the cross-comparison of numerous factors, this research finds a recurring trajectory from 2008-2018 among the interview migrant schools. Due to Shanghai's city-wide demolition of unauthorized constructions and increasingly stringent migrant student admission requirements, migrant families are radically expelled from the city, resulting in a continuing decrease of student enrollment which threatens the survival of the remaining private migrant schools.


This paper presents an attitude control system for an organic flight array(OFA) which is a novel unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) concept to consist of multiple ducted-fan UAVs. The OFA is able to be assembled or separated by single modules, the ducted-fan UAVs, to fulfill operation missions such as indoor/outdoor monitoring, communication relay, and system jamming. Therefore, the array can have various configurations depending on purposes of operation or environment. Physical parameters of the OFA change during the mission according to the reconfigurable feature, which generates dynamic uncertainties. Moreover, there might be an interactive effect due to connection between the ducted-fan modules. To cope with these uncertainties, a sliding mode control technique is used with applying an adaptive law in this paper. In addition, the performance of the designed controller is verified via numerical simulation.


A survey of internal parasites in Oklahoma swine herds indicates that most of the internal parasites common to swine are widespread in the state, although numbers are somewhat lower than those reported in surveys of states with a greater concentration of swine. A total of90 growing-finishing swine were used to study the effect of anthelmintic treatment regimes and management systems on pig performance, liver lesions and intestinal worm burdens. Anthelmintics had no significant effect on rate of gain in pigs fed in confinement, but significantly (P<.05) improved rate of gain in pigs fed in pasture lots. Similar but nonsignificant trends were observed for feed conversion. Anthelmintics were effective in reducing liver lesions in pigs fed on pasture, but not in confinement-fed pigs. The internal parasite control system which would be most economical for each swine producer may be determined by type of management system as well as the types of parasites involved.


The invention discloses a remote control cooking device capable of integrating cooking and washing, comprising a washing and cooking device, the washing and cooking device comprises an electric cooker. The invention is characterized by comprising a control assembly, a rice containing assembly, a rice washing tank, a pot cover opening assembly, wherein, the rice washing tank and the electric cooker are horizontally placed side by side; the control assembly comprises a singlechip and a receiving module, the singlechip is used for generating control signal, the receiving module is used for receiving remote control signal, and the receiving module is connected with the singlechip; the rice containing assembly comprises a rice washing groove, a first electrical motor and a second electrical motor, the first electrical motor is used for driving the rice washing groove to rotate in vertical plane, the second electrical motor is used for driving the rice washing groove to rotate horizontally between the rice washing tank and the electric cooker; the first electrical motor, the second electrical motor and the pot cover opening assembly are respectively connected with the singlechip. In the invention, the existing full-automatic electric cooker is utilized and the singlechip is adopted to realize the function of washing rice automatically, adding water, opening/closing the electric cooker cover, starting power to cook and the like, thus the disadvantage of rice quality reducing caused by the existing rice washing and cooking ahead of time is overcome.


The vertical ionization potentials (IP's) of a variety of free-base and zinc porphyrins and free-base and zinc phthalocyanine, including all those for which experimental ultraviolet photoelectron spectral (UPS) data are presently known, are computed using six semiempirical molecular orbital methods. Koopman's Theorem (KT), second order outer valence Green's function methods with a large number of active orbitals (OVGF), and explicit computation of the relative energies of neutral species and vertically ionized radical cations (ΔSCF IP) are used in combination with both PM3 and AM1 parameterizations, and the results are compared to experimental data. On average, both the OVGF and ΔSCF IP approximations reproduce the first vertical IP's, as determined by UPS, far more accurately than KT at minimal extra computational costs. Over the full set of available experimental data, the average error for the lowest IP with both OVGF and ΔSCF IP is only ca. 40% of that of KT (AM1 data, AM1 being generally more accurate than PM3). Inclusion of higher order terms in the OVGF treatment (third order truncation or full expression of the self-energy part) does not affect the computed IP's significantly, but inclusion of a large number of active orbitals in the OVGF technique is shown to be essential for this class of molecules. In agreement with the experimental data, zinc porphyrins and zinc phthalocyanines are computed to be better electron donors than their free-base analogues. Conformational differences of the peripheral substituents have no significant effects on the valence IP's.


The complex of metrological equipment for metrological researches of measuring equipment is presented. Purpose — measurement of energy illumination in the spectral range of (0,6—25) μm. The complex has an extended range of measurement of energy illumination and minimal errors of their measurement.


[Objective] The aim of this study is to provide basis for developing genetic engineering vaccine and diagnostic kit for Theileria sergenti infection. [Objective] P23 gene of Theileria sergenti was amplified from its genomic DNA by PCR amplification, and cloned into the pGEM-Easy vector; then the sequencing result was analyzed with bioinformatics methods. [Result] Whole length of the P23 gene from Theileria sergenti is 684 bp containing a 672 bp open reading frame. The deduced amino acid sequence (223 amino acid residues) contains a signal peptide of 19 amino acid residues and two fragments of transmembrane domains, with relative molecular weight of the 25.886 kD and with the pI of 9.22. The homology between the yielded sequence and Chitose of Theileria sergenti P23 gene(TS-Chitose type, D84446), Ikeda of Theileria sergenti P23 gene(TS-Ikeda type, D84447) reached 99% and 90%, respectively. The sequence has been accessed in GenBank(EU573168). [Conclusion] The protein encoded by the P23 gene has better stability and immunogenicity, thus can be used as the antigen candidate for preparing genetic engineering vaccine for Theileria sergenti.


Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of three metallocene-catalysed short-chain-branched polyethylene (SCBPE) fractions with different degree of branching were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Narrow molecular weight fractions (M-w = 20,000 and M-w/M-n C, 115.9 degreesC, 113.3 degreesC with the decreasing of degree of branching. Increasing the branch content decreases the rate of secondary nucleation, i,relative to the rate of surface spreading and so increases the range of supercooling over which regime I exists. The rate of bulk crystallization for both isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization decreases with the increasing of degree of branching. Both Ozawa Equation and Kissinger Equation are invalid for non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of SCBPE fractions,that means the effects of the branched chain on crystallization process are more complex than expected.


The active noise control system using motional feedback (MFB) loudspeaker is proposed which is effective in the low frequency range. Although FIR digital filter is used for usual control system, it is difficult to realize ideal MFB type active control system be causethe group delay in FIR filter affects the phase characteristics. In this paper, we realize the IIR filter using DSP with high speed A/D and D/A convertors to reduce the group delay. The positive insertion loss is obtained from 21 to 94Hz on the model experiment. However, the obtained insertion loss is lower than one obtained in nu mericalsimulation because of an oscillation about 300Hz.


Oxidation of 3,4-dimethyl-1-phenylphosphole with peracids or peroxides gives a relatively stable P-oxide, which can be used in Diels-Alder reactions to give derivatives with the 7-phosphanorbornene framework. Oxygen insertion into a C–P bond of this framework occurs smoothly with m- chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) providing derivatives of the 2,3-oxaphosphabicyclo [2.2.2] octene ring system. The phosphole can be converted to this system in a one-pot synthesis by reaction with excess MCPBA in the presence of N-phenylmaleimide as dienophile. The phosphole oxide undergoes mono-epoxidation with MCPBA. Thermal or photochemical fragmentation of the 2,3-oxaphosphabicyclo [2.2.2] ocetene is a useful source of the 3-coordinate species Ph–PO2, a meta-anhydride of phenylphosphonic acid. This species was trapped successfully with a variety of alcohols.


The Babu ophiolite in Malipo County,southeastern Yunnan,outcrops in a fault-block between the NW-striking Wenshan-Malipo fault and the Funing strike-slip fault.It is composed of serpentites,gabbros,diabases and basalts.Different units in this block contact each other by faults.The serpentites show great variations in SiO2,Al2O3,TiO2 and MgO contents,and the serpentites can be classified as two groups.The first group shows the flat-type REE distribution patterns,similar to mafic accumulative rocks.The second group shows the U-type REE distribution patterns,similar to harzburgites.Meanwhile,the composition of basalts from the Babu ophiolite are characterized by high MgO and TiO2 contents,low Al2O3,K2O,P2O5 contents,and Na2OK2O.These basalt rocks have the flat REE patterns and are depleted in LREE,indicating that they are similar to the Normal Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts(N-MORB).Nevertheless,the samples are enriched in the large-ion lithophile(LIL) elements and depleted in Nb and Ta in the trace spider diagram,suggesting that the source of magma was influenced by input of the components from the subduction zone.From all above,it is reasonable to suggest that the Babu ophiolite was formed in a back-arc basin setting,and might be orogenic products when the paleo-Pacific ocean plate subducted beneath the South China Continent plate in the SE-NW direction.


Based on the study of the domestic and foreign data,the legal literature and the investigation on the spot,the necessity of constituting the ecological compensation mechanism was analyzed.The ecological compensation principia and standard suitable for the local conditions in Zhuhai drinking water sources reserve district was studied.The multiple channels for compensation fund were suggested,combining the two ways of "transfusion mode" and "hematopoietic mode".And the framework and guarantee measures were suggested for the implementation of the ecological compensation mechanism.


ABSTRACT Online learning has become a conventional term and practice in Australian higher education, yet cultural inclusivity for Indigenous (Indigenous for the purposes of this paper refers to Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples) students is insufficiently reflected in learning management system (LMS) policies and design. This study aims to explore culturally inclusive learning entrenched in Australian university policies on and practices of LMS by applying Indigenous holistic pedagogical values in LMS design. Based on a literature review, we articulate four dimensions: communication, collaboration, community and interculturality for culturally inclusive learning in an online learning environment. By using the dimensions, we critically review policies (n = 10) and LMS sites (n = 50). In this review, we argue that there are contrasts of individually heterogeneous and collectively homogeneous approaches, self-focused and community-driven pedagogy, and task-oriented and relational learning. Significantly, the review results indicate that Indigenous holistic pedagogies have a metaphysical strength to be the ontological foundation for cultural inclusivity.


This article aims to present a reading of the short stories of Casos e impressoes, Adelino Magalhaes's work composed of significant formal innovations in the early twentieth century. Forgotten by the current Brazilian critics, this author not only raised important questions about the scenery of society in his time, but also contributed with a new writing, based on the attempt to represent the intimacy of the characters in his short stories.


Learn directly from the president of the National Academy of Engineering about the NAE's Grand Challenges for the 21st Century, which identifies 14 major issues confronting our future. The NAE Grand Challenges have been embraced widely across research, educational, and professional communities as a way to structure our thinking, direct our resources, and devote our energies going forward. In this conversational session, Imada will pose questions to President Mote about the thinking that went into the Grand Challenges, progress being made, and, most important, how human factors/ergonomics can contribute to addressing these issues. As HFES President William Marras has suggested, the Grand Challenges could be an important platform from which we can realize our Society's vision to be more relevant and make a significant contribution to the world. We encourage you to come and learn about these issues and consider this paradigm for guiding future efforts in our field.


INTRODUCTION: The glass ionomer cement is a dental material that has limitations of use due to its mechanical properties, such as low wear resistance, hardness, tensile and compressive diametral. Based on this, this study investigated the effect of ultrasonic excitation on the GIC in different application times, through the diametral tensile strength. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The materials used were Ketac Molar EasyMix (KME) and Ketac Cem EasyMix (KCE). Were made 10 specimens for each condition studied: control group, and the groups that received application of ultrasound for 15s, 30s and 45s, for both materials. The ultrasonic excitation was applied during the initial setting reaction of GIC, soon after its insertion into the silicone matrix. The values of the diametral tensile strength were analyzed by Shapiro Wilk test and ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULT: The application of ultrasonic excitation showed no statistically significant effect on diametral tensile strength of the materials tested, regardless of the time of application (p > 0.05). The KME resistance showed statistically greater than the KCE (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: The use of ultrasound waves did not influence the diametral tensile strength of CIV tested regardless of their time of application.


: The present work aimed to study the different effects of added grounding for humic acid at 0, 3, 4 and 5 L/fed., compound fertilizer (some macro and micro elements) at 0, 80, 100, 120 Kg/fed. and their interaction treatments on the vegetative growth, seed yield, minerals and some active ingredients of Moringa oleifera Lam. plants grown in sandy soils at the Experimental Farm of Ismailia Agriculture Research Station, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017. The obtained data showed that the positive effects of humic acid and compound fertilizer as well as their interactions on all studied traits. The highest values of vegetative growth, seed yield and minerals content (in dry leaves and seeds) as well as active ingredients in dry leaves especially antioxidants were obtained with the interaction between the highest level of compound fertilizer (120kg/fed.) and humic acid (5L/fed.) with significant differences compared to all other treatments. The highest levels of both compound fertilizer (120kg/fed.) and humic acid (5L/fed.) were significantly superior in comparison with other levels of each factor, individually. These results were recorded in both seasons.


SUMMARY A method is described for producing maps of grassland vegetation from colour slides, using a standard 35 mm camera. The maps were drawn using a modified photographic enlarger and a tilting easel. An example is given in which the maps were used to estimate the proportion and distribution of various invading indigenous grasses in a sown sward of Lolium perenne L. The method is recommended as an inexpensive way of obtaining rapid records of vegetation in agronomic and ecological work.


The purpose of this research is to identify the indicators of typhoon damage and develop a metric for typhoon vulnerability functions employing the losses associated with Typhoon Maemi. Typhoons cause significant financial damages worldwide every year. Federal and local governments, insurance companies, and construction companies strive to develop typhoon risk assessment models and use them to quantify the risks so that they can avoid, mitigate, or transfer the financial risks. Therefore, typhoon risk assessment modeling is becoming increasingly important, and in order to achieve a sophisticated evaluation, it is also important to reflect more specified and local vulnerabilities. Although several previous studies on economic loss associated with natural catastrophe have identified essential risk indicators, there has been a shortage of more specific research studies focusing on the correlation between vulnerability and economic loss caused by typhoons. In order to fill this gap, this study collected and analyzed the actual loss record of Typhoon Maemi collected and accumulated by a major insurance company in Korea. In order to create the vulnerability functions and to identify the natural hazard indicators and basic building information indicators, information from the insurance record was used in the analysis. The results and metric of this research provide a pragmatic approach that helps create vulnerability functions for abovementioned sectors and like estimating local vulnerabilities and predicting and coping with the possible damage and loss from typhoons.


Some terms are, reducing the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and / or to suppress the production rate of the reactive product and toxic compounds modified at a particular location, polyunsaturated fatty acids of the present invention (polyunsaturated fatty acid ) to use, it provides a method for treating damage to the energy processing disorders (Impaired energy processing disorder) and mitochondria defects (Mitochodrial Deficiency).


Wire-harness pre-assembly is an important step in wire harness production.This paper presents an automatic wire harness pre-assembly planning method by means of summarizing engineering semantic constraints in wire harness technological design and establishing assembly incidence graph.This method realizes planning wire harness pre-assembly sequence through main-connector selection,largest subassembly extraction and engineering semantic constraints detection without users' alternation.The practical application examples show that the automatic wire harness pre-assembly planning method presented in this paper is effective and feasible,and it can solve the assembly sequence planning problem in large wire harness graphs.


Multifrequency sensing technique adopting the wide field heterodyne detection technique is demonstrated for interior surface vibration measurements in thick biological tissue. These arrangements allow obtaining not only 3D tomographic images but also various vibration parameters such as spatial amplitude, phase, and frequency, with high temporal and transverse resolutions over a wide field. The axial resolution and the accuracy of vibration amplitude measurement were estimated to be 2.5 μm and 3 nm, respectively. This wide-field tomographic sensing method can be applied for measuring microdynamics of a variety of biological samples, thus contributing to the progress in life sciences research.


The aim of this study was to find some advices to the professional indicators of physical education teachers from National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. The documents about NBPTS and the professional indicators of physical education teachers in Taiwan were collected and analyzed by the author. The results of this study were 1) the purpose, in educational reform, of NBPTS was to maintain high and rigorous standards for what accomplished teachers should know and be able to do. 2) there were 13 standards of accomplished practice for physical educations, knowledge of students, knowledge of subject matter, sound teaching practices, student engagement in learning, high expectation for learners, learning environment, curricular choices, assessment, equity fairness and diversity, reflective practice and professional growth, promotion an active lifestyle, collaboration with colleagues, and family and community partnerships. In opposition, the professional indicators of physical education teachers in Taiwan didn't match all in two parts of NBPTS, promotion an active lifestyle and collaboration with colleagues, and just confirmed some in other parts. Some advices bellowing will be provided. 1) Adding some indicators of promotion an active lifestyle, and collaboration with colleagues. 2) Consulting the standards from the professional committee, like NBPTS, to construct the evaluative indicators of physical education teacher. 3) Building observable and measurable indicators of physical education teacher.


Photograph of a group attending an event at the Hilton Hotel in Lubbock, Texas taken in 1951. White lettering at the center bottom of the photograph states "Welcome to Reggie Rally West Texas Branch Lubbock June 12, 1951." The photograph was labeled "Stanley Hiatt Products Regional Rally - Hilton Hotel."


We present a benchmarking framework for different radio access technologies (RATs) in a high density platooning (HDPL) emergency braking use case. We assess the performance of IEEE 802.11p as well as LTE-V managed mode (mode 3) and unmanaged mode (mode 4) for sidelink communications. The performances are studied in terms of delays, packet error rates (PERs) and functional safety indicators. We first vary the number of vehicles, the surrounding traffic and the inter-vehicle distance. Multiple traffic scenarios are then investigated for the most challenging conditions. We find that for reasonable surrounding traffic, the platoon is generally safe in this emergency scenario, although packet error rates are growing for IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V mode 4 as the traffic intensifies, along with delays for the former technology. Thanks to scheduling, LTE-V mode 3 is not affected by this increasing PER and shows a large constant delay: the scheduling delay. With this study, we pave the way for a further study of these radio technologies with more accurate channel models as well as including new 5G components in our benchmarking.


An HIV‐negative infant presented with VZV primary infection during the maintenance therapy for mega‐karyoblastic leukaemia. The lesions were initially vesicular and necrotic but became verrucous and hyperkerato tic. A clinical resistance to acyclovir was suspected and confirmed by histologic and virologic studies. The patient was successfully treated by foscarnet. Conclusion: resistance of VZV to acyclovir may occur after a short treatment in a non‐AIDS patient. ± Acute leukaemia, acyclovir, foscarnet, Varicella zoster virus


The Politics of Generic Drugs in Brazil, part of the National Drug Policy is the main instrument that directs the actions of the Ministry of Health in the area of pharmaceuticals. The law of Generic medicines (Law No. 9.787/99) came into force with the aim of stimulating competition and variety of supply of medicines to market, improve their quality, reduce prices and facilitate people's access to treatment. Regulatory evolution took place in accordance with the scientific advances since the 6360 Act of September 23, 1976 until the specific resolutions of ANVISA describing the technical aspects for registration of generic medicines and the like. One objective of this policy is to ensure interchangeability for dispensing of medicines and this requirement criteria for studies of pharmaceutical equivalence and bioequivalence to ensure safety and efficacy when compared to the reference drug were established. These studies have their technical-scientific basis according to the theory of LADMER (release, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and biological response) system. We can conclude that the Brazilian population will have one more option for improving access to quality medicine and Similar Medicines meet the criteria for health policy and will act in the control of the pharmaceutical market in Brazil.


The equivalence principle of general relativity asserts that, locally, gravitation is completely indistinguishable from the inertial "pseudo‐force" one would experience in an appropriately contrived accelerated frame. This implies the precise equality of gravitational and inertial mass, irrespective of a body's makeup. And, from special relativity, we know that a body's inertial mass is given by its total energy in its rest frame.


Objective: To evaluate the ability to analyze pelvic organ prolapse of the undergraduate students and to infer the inter-examiner agreement (students and preceptor) on POP-Q ICS classification. Methods: A prospective, randomized observational study that evaluated urogynecology learning by fifth-year students of medicine of Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, Brazil using a questionnaire based on the Likert scale before and after Hospital São Paulo Gynecology Sector stage. We also compared the pelvic organ prolapse staging with POP-Q between students and the preceptor after the internship in gynecology. Results: A total of 85 students and 5 preceptors were included. 94% of the students reported feeling totally uncomfortable or uncomfortable assessing patients with genital dystopia prior to the internship in gynecology, and 42% remained totally uncomfortable or uncomfortable after the stage. Concerning the inter-examiner agreement, it was verified that the students and preceptors presented greater concordance in the stages 0 and 4, but the stages 1, 2, and 3 are presented as points of less agreement. About the general agreement between students and preceptors, we observed that there is regular agreement Kappa 0.206 with p-value <0.001 for 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: We can conclude that the students are able to perform an evaluation using POP-Q prolapse system however, it is necessary to improve their accuracy. Only a small portion of the students were fully comfortable in this care, the number of women with dystopia effectively attended seems to influence the comfort of students to attend patients.


The invention provides steel wire production protecting gas heating equipment. The steel wire production protecting gas heating equipment comprises an outer shell. The outer shell comprises a heat-resisting layer and a heat-preservation layer wrapped on the outer side of the heat-resisting layer. A gas inlet is formed in the front end of the outer shell, a gas outlet is formed in the top of the rear end of the outer shell, and a heating device is installed inside the outer shell. The heating device comprises a plurality of heating discs. Ventilation holes are formed in each heating disc. The opening directions of the ventilation holes in the adjacent heating discs form a certain included angle. The multiple heating discs are fixed into a whole through a connecting pipe. An electrical heating wire is installed inside the connecting pipe. A bottom cover is connected to the bottom of the outer shell in a sealing mode. An open hole for external connection with an electrical heating wire is formed in the bottom cover and provided with a rubber plug, and a wire hole is formed in the rubber plug. The steel wire production protecting gas heating equipment has the beneficial effects that the design structure is simple, installation is convenient, a baffle plate structure in traditional nitrogen heating equipment is omitted, the structure is simplified, practical production and manufacturing are facilitated, and meanwhile the structure provides convenience to periodic maintenance.


The nine AMECEA Countries are preparing for the III Extraordinary World Synod of Bishops on "The Pastoral Challenges of the Family in the Context of Evangelization" to take place in Rome from 5-19 October, 2014. In Eastern Africa Small Christian Communities (SCCs) are part of the consultation process and answered 11 of the 39 questions in the poll. Research on the 120,000 SCCs in Eastern Africa reveals that SCCs elect lay ministers/animators/coordinators for specific groups such as couples (married and engaged), youth and children and for specific pastoral ministries such as Catechesis, Justice and Peace, Religious Education, Sacraments and Spiritual/Religious Formation. A SCC is a communion of families. The SCC is an important support group for families and promotes a family culture. The SCC is both a place and a path for pastoral care and evangelization. This praxis of SCCs in Africa is contributing to the development of the theology of the Church as Family of God.


Recent studies have reported that calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) contributes to joint pain. However, regulation of the CGRP/CGRP receptor signalling in osteoarthritis (OA) is not fully understood. To investigate the regulation of CGRP/CGRP receptor signalling by macrophages in the synovial tissue (ST) of OA joints, we characterized the gene expression profiles of CGRP and CGRP receptors in the ST of OA mice (STR/Ort). In addition, we examined whether macrophage depletion by the systemic injection of clodronate‐laden liposomes affected the expression of CGRP and CGRP receptors in ST. CD11c+ macrophages in the ST of STR/Ort and C57BL/6J mice were analysed by flow cytometry. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, CGRP, calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity‐modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) in F4/80+ and F4/80− cells. The effects of IL‐1β on the expression of CGRP and CLR by cultured synovial cells were also examined. The percentage of CD11c+ macrophages in the ST of STR/Ort was higher than that in C57/BL6J mice. Notably, the F4/80+ cell fraction expressed IL‐1β highly, whereas the F4/80− cell fraction expressed CGRP, CLR, and RAMP1 highly. In addition, expression of the IL‐1β and CLR genes was increased in ST, but was decreased upon macrophage depletion, and the IL‐1β treatment of cultured synovial cells up‐regulated CLR. Taken together, the present findings suggest that synovial macrophages are the major producers of IL‐1β and regulators of CLR in OA mice. Therefore, macrophages and IL‐1β may be suitable therapeutic targets for treating OA pain.


Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug these days [1]. Paracetamol (PC) was firstly introduced into medicine as an antipyretic/analgesic by Von Mering in 1893 and has been in use as an analgesic for home medication for over 30 years and is accepted as a very effective treatment for the relief of pain and fever in adults and children. It is the most used medicine after acetylsalicylic acid in many countries as an alternative to aspirin and phenacetin [2]. The analgesic-antipyretic effect of paracetamol is similar to aspirin, but paracetamol is normally preferred especially for the patients who are sensitive to acetylsalicylic acid [3]. Overdoses of paracetamol produce toxic metabolite accumulation that causes acute hepatic necrosis, inducing morbidity and mortality in humans [4]. Thus, it is very important to develop simple and accurate methods for detecting the paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations.


Wall portion (4), the movable mold bottom (8) and the mold comprises (1) within the respect to the wall portion between the retracted position and a deployed position (4), a container from a blank (3) (2) a method for producing, the method includes a phase of introducing a blank (3) into the mold, to emit so-called pre-blow pressure to pressurized fluid into a blank (3) in and the pre-blowing phase, following the pre-blowing phase, the fluid is pressurized to a so-called blowing pressure larger than the pre-blow pressure, a blowing phase comprising injection into the blank (3) in the pressure within the blank (3) is It is started after reaching the blowing pressure, and a boxing phase comprising the movement of the mold bottom (8) to the deployed position from the retracted position.


The Zn-paratacamite family, Zn x Cu 4 − x (OH) 6 Cl 2 for x (cid:2) 0.33, is an ideal system for studying spin- 12 frustrated magnetism in the form of antiferromagnetic Cu 2 + kagome planes. Here we report a new synthesis method by which high-quality millimeter-sized single crystals of Zn-paratacamite have been produced. These crystals have been characterized by metal analysis, x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and thermodynamic measurements. The x = 1 member of the series displays a magnetic susceptibility that is slightly anisotropic at high temperatures with χ c > χ ab . Neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments confirm the quality of these x = 1 single crystals and indicate no obvious structural transition down to temperatures of T = 2 K.


Objectives: To gather information about current practices and assess the opinions, preferences, and clinical knowledge of surgeons who perform alveolar bone grafts. In addition, surgical training differences in correlation to techniques and outcomes are evaluated. Methods: A survey with both multiple choice and narrative answers regarding surgeons' practices for alveolar bone grafting was designed and sent via email to members of the American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association (ACPA) identified as general craniofacial or oral maxillofacial surgeons. Responses were collected via an anonymous online survey tool. Participants: Members (336) of ACPA identified as craniofacial or oral-maxillofacial surgeons were contacted, and 62 responses were recorded. Results: The majority of survey respondents were oral-maxillofacial surgeons in practice for more than 15 years. 98.4% of respondents had used iliac crest and at least one additional source for grafting, while only 52.7% had performed grafting using recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (RhBMP). 82% used cone beam CT as their evaluation of choice for graft assessment and the majority (62.9%) waited more than 8 weeks postoperatively to image. Chi-square analysis demonstrated significantly longer time in practice for practitioners without craniofacial fellowship training. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that there remains significant variation in alveolar bone grafting practices among surgeons. While some consensus exists, new innovations and technologies will require continued evaluation of surgical practices and outcomes. Long-term follow-up studies are needed especially with regard to the use of RhBMP in alveolar clefts.


Abstract : Radio signals from an ELF/VLF transmitting satellite may be propagated through the ionosphere to receiving antennas on the earth's surface. Among many factors important in estimating the received signal strength is the geometric spreading factor, d(Omega)/d(A sub E), measuring the area, d(A sub E), of the earth's surface intercepting the power radiated into the solid angle, d(Omega), from the satellite. The spreading factor has been isolated and accurately estimated by a ray-tracing computer program. Calculations have been performed for transmissions at 3 and 10 kHz and for three different ionospheric models using satellite altitudes ranging between 300 and 8000 km for some representative receiver point locations. Spreading factors were calculated both for direct and multiple hop waves in the earth-ionosphere waveguide.


In data mining, shorter text analysis is performed more widely for many applications. Based on the syntax of the language, it is very difficult to analyze the short text with several traditional tools of natural language processing and this is not applied correctly either. In short text, it is known that there are rare and insufficient data available and further it is difficult to identify semantic knowledge with the great noise and ambiguity of short texts. In this paper, the authors proposed to replace the coefficient of similarity of Cosine with the measure of similarity of Jaro-Winkler to obtain the coincidence of similarity between pairs of text (source text and target text). Jaro-Winkler does a better job of determining the similarity of the strings because it takes an order into account when using the positional indices to estimate relevance. It is presumed that the performance of CACT driven by Jaro-Wrinkler with respect to one-to-many data links offers optimized performance when compared to the operation of CACT driven by cosine. In this paper, the ensemble algorithm CACTS and SAE is adopted with Jaro-Winkler similarity approach. The new algorithm is employed for short text analysis and better results. An evaluation of our proposed concept is sufficient as validation.


We participated in the English-Chinese CLQA task with the following procedures. An English question was first classified as to its answer category, and then rendered into Chinese in three ways: raw text translation by MT, extracted entity translation by our web-translation algorithm, and web-assisted question expansion followed by MT and entity webtranslation. A combined Chinese question is formed that retrieves the top 100 sentences from the target collection. Candidate Chinese entities are extracted from the sentences and ranked for answer-hood based on a combination of five sources of evidence: category, frequency, proximity, web, and similarity. Results show that when only top-1 answers are considered, 25 questions are answered correctly out of 200 with supporting documents, giving an accuracy and MRR of 0.125. When unsupported answers are included, these measures improve to 0.165. If top-5 answers are considered, accuracy and MRR attain values of 0.325 and 0.1968. When unsupported answers are also included, these measures improve to 0.415 and 0.257.


Fast and efficient procedures are increasingly important in process development since the time frame between development and market entry is reduced. The evaluation of alternatives is time consuming, but especially important to assure the choice of the optimal process. A simple and fast method to speed up process development while considering numerous alternatives has been developed using option trees. The option trees allow for easy and comprehensible evaluation of alternatives. Here the method of cascaded option trees is illustrated for the development of a biocompatible separation process.


In this article, we present the analysis of the digital divide to illustrate the unfair access to the benefits brought by information and communications technology (ICT) over the globe and provide our solution termed big communications (BigCom) to close the digital divide and democratize the benefits of ICT. To facilitate the implementation of BigCom, we give a complete framework of BigCom considering both technological and non-technological factors as well as a set of suggestions for content providers, mobile network operators, and governments. By implementing BigCom, we aim to connect the last 3.7 billion unconnected people living in far-flung and underdeveloped areas and achieve the goal of global and ubiquitous connectivity for everyone in the 6G era.


The effects of ten rootstocks on tree development, leaf nutrient levels, fruit internal quality and yield were studied. Plantings of the mandarin cultivar 'clementine' were established at the Agricultural Research Station of Rhodes on the rootstocks Cleopatra mandarin, Troyer and Carrizo citranges, rough lemon, Palestine sweet lime, Volkameriana, Citrus macrophylla, Rangpur lime and C. moi with sour orange as a standard for comparison. Data indicated that rootstocks significantly influenced tree development and fruit quality characteristics as well as foliar nutrient concentrations. The largest trees were on Volkameriana and the smallest on the two citranges. In terms of trunk cross-sectional area, the most vigorous trees were on C. moi and the least on Palestine sweet lime and the two citranges. Cleopatra mandarin, the two citranges, and Palestine sweet lime showed a tendency to biennial bearing. The highest cumulative yield of clementine trees was on C. macrophylla and Volkameriana and the lowest on Troyer and Carrizo citrange. C. macrophylla and Volkameriana produced the most efficient trees with the largest and heaviest thin-skinned almost seedless fruit. Fruit on C. macrophylla produced the highest juice content but also the lowest concentration of total soluble solids. Differences were observed in leaf nutrient contents between the rootstocks. These trials showed that C. macrophylla and Volkameriana could be used successfully as alternatives rootstocks to sour orange.


Human factor and human relations are the most important peculiarities in management. According to the results of researches were spent by fund of Carnegie and then Technology Institute of Carnegie, calling leader`s attention to human factor is 85 % of finance success, the rest of 15 % is achieved successes through technique and technology [Карнеги Д. Как завоевывать друзей и оказывать влияние на людей. Как развить уверенность в себе и добиться влияние на людей путем публичных выступлений. Как перестать беспокоиться и начать жить. М – 2002, c 20]. John Rockefeller said that having aptitude to talk with employees is as important as buying products (for example, sugar and coffee). Continuing explaining his opinion, he said he was ready to pay high price to have that aptitude. Mary Kay also said a manager should talk with his employees like they expect from him and this is one of the ways to achieve success in business [Турдимов Ж., Музафаров Д. Королевство Мэри Кэй. Экономическое обозрение. 2004. № 7 (59)]. T. Peter and R. Waterman advised to managers to appreciate the people taken on work and take care of them. He also said not to direct your attention to finances and introducing automation into the production than employees. G. Ford II also said in one of his speeches that he was sure if we could solve problems bound up with persons, we would achieve successes. Referring to a person as a main factor in a corporation is so important. The American sociologist and psychologist George Elton Mayo worked up a doctrine about human relations in an enterprise. Paying attention to employees in an enterprise was a main idea of that doctrine because Elton Mayo realized that psychological and social factors in an enterprise are more important than other ones. As he said, if social and psychological demands in a person were satisfied, an employee would work hard at his work. Several experiments were conducted by Elton Mayo to find out the causes of alienation in employees and to answer questions about labor capacity and productivity of labor in enterprises. Those experiments had been spent in several enterprises of "Western Electric" company during 1892-1932. At first, experiments were conducted to answer questions about repayment and protection of labor. However raising the wage of employees in enterprises and improvement of the system of protection of labor didn`t bring raise of the productivity of labor. The experiments had been conducted in six groups for 2.5 years and one important fact was found out by experimenter that employees produced 300 kinds of products. Thus, the conclusion was that the cause of labor content was not high wage. So nowadays it is very important to pay attention to employees as a main factor for developing an enterprise. It is also necessary to appreciate, respect and trust them as a producer. According to this fact, in this scientific article is discussed the issues of human factor and human relations in the concept of "Organizations as Organisms". Department of Islamic History and Source Studies, Philosophy, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan,


This study employs the upper-echelons and the competitive dynamics perspectives to examine the interactions between CEO leadership behaviors and organizational environment and their implications fo...


Abstract In a theoretical approach, the noise resistance parameter (Rn (in time domain) was deduced from an electric equivalent model proposed by Bertocci and coworkers for a cell with three identical electrodes. The voltage and current were measured. The Rn and resistance of spectral noise (Rsn and Rsn0 [defined elsewhere]) were estimated for mild steel (MS) and stainless steel (SS) Type 304L (UNS S30403) electrodes immersed in four different solutions. The obtained results were converted into corrosion rate and finally compared with data measured with linear polarization resistance (LPR) and mass loss techniques. Electrochemical noise (EN) techniques had better agreement with other techniques in high corrosion rates. Furthermore, dispersed results were measured in low-activity systems.