Significance Induced earthquakes can be caused by hydraulic fracturing (HF). However, the exact means by which stress changes are transferred to seismogenic faults are unknown. This paper provides evidence that a case of induced earthquakes in southern Alberta responded to increased pore pressure on a fault in hydraulic communication with the HF operation. Reflection-seismic and drill core data provide evidence that fluid flow along this fault caused strata underlying the target reservoir to dissolve, causing a karst collapse in the geological past. We suggest that seismogenic and hydraulically active faults are geologically rare and that the injection of fluid directly into them is even rarer, potentially explaining the small percentage of HF wells that cause induced earthquakes. During December 2011, a swarm of moderate-magnitude earthquakes was induced by hydraulic fracturing (HF) near Cardston, Alberta. Despite seismological associations linking these two processes, the hydrological and tectonic mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we interpret a 3D reflection-seismic survey to delve into the geological factors related to these earthquakes. First, we document a basement-rooted fault on which the earthquake rupture occurred that extends above the targeted reservoir. Second, at the reservoir's stratigraphic level, anomalous subcircular features are recognized along the fault and are interpreted as resulting from fault-associated karst processes. These observations have implications for HF-induced seismicity, as they suggest hydraulic communication over a large (vertical) distance, reconciling the discrepancy between the culprit well trajectory and earthquake hypocenters. We speculate on how these newly identified geological factors could drive the sporadic appearance of induced seismicity and thus be utilized to avoid earthquake hazards.


The present invention discloses an automatic optical fiber cutting blade, comprising a base for mounting an optical fiber, an optical fiber for gripping small and large platen platen, further comprising automatically cutting optical fibers clamped optical fiber after cutting the large platen means; button and the large platen hinge shaft, the intermediate addition of a spring, so that the pad between the pad on the base of the large platen is closed, while maintaining the pressure on the fibers between the pads, touch the button head, drive finale downlink, the introduction of the lower shaft fixing plate, the slider moves under the action of the compression spring, cleaved fiber; biaxial, three linear slide bearing support, so that the gap is small and flexible operation mechanism, improve the accuracy of the operation of the slider; damping sets the optical axis, reducing the speed of the slider, to reduce the impact when the optical fiber cutting blade, improving the cutting quality of the fiber, it is possible to eliminate the gap, reducing the amount of yaw movement of the slider.


Based on a study of mo-dern psychological and pedagogical investigation of emotional treatment of children from substituent families towards school, a brief review of the state of the problem is made and the criteria of emotional treatment of children towards school are determined. IIt displays the results of an experimental study of learning motivation and of emotional treatment of children from substituent families, as a form of tuition, towards school. The conclusion is made that a diffused treatment to school prevails among children of this category on the background of a decreased motivation.


—In this study, working with the task of object re- trieval in clutter, we have developed a robot learning framework in which Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is first applied to enable a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to learn the intricate interactions between a robot arm and a complex scene containing many objects, allowing the DNN to partially clone the behavior of MCTS. In turn, the trained DNN is integrated into MCTS to help guide its search effort. We call this approach Monte Carlo tree search and learning for Object REtrieval (MORE), which delivers significant computational efficiency gains and added solution optimality. MORE is a self-supervised robotics framework/pipeline capable of working in the real world that successfully embodies the System 2 → System 1 learning philosophy proposed by Kahneman, where learned knowledge, used properly, can help greatly speed up a time-consuming decision process over time. Videos and supplementary material can be found at https://github.com/arc-l/more .


The title complex contains infinite stacks of alternating C18H4N6O4 and C7H5N molecules; the former is warped to a much larger extent than in its charge-transfer complex with tetrathiafulvalene.


dermatosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 50:109–15. 4 He C, Xu H, Xiao T et al. Localized linear IgA dermatosis induced by UV light-treatment for herpes zoster. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46:500–2. 5 Pellicano R, Lomuto M, Cozzani E et al. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis after contact with sodium hypochlorite. Dermatology 1997; 194:284–6. 6 Pellicano R, Caldarola G, Cozzani E, Parodi A. A case of linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis in a patient exposed to sun and analgesic. Clin Ther 2009; 9:1987–90. 7 Girao L, Fiadeiro T, Rodrigues JC. Burn-induced linear IgA dermatosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000; 14:507–10. 8 Bylaite M, Grigaitiene J, Lapinskaite GS. Photodermatoses: classification, evaluation and management. Br J Dermatol 2009; 3:61–8. 9 Chan LS, Vanderlugt CJ, Hashimoto T et al. Epitope spreading: lessons from autoimmune skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 110:103–9. 10 Wozniak K, Hashimoto T, Ishii N et al. Fluorescence overlay antigen mapping using laser scanning confocal microscopy differentiates linear IgA bullous dermatosis from epidermolysis bullosa acquisita mediated by IgA. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:634–8.


Vision-based vehicle detection under bad weather conditions is still a challenging problem. Adhesive raindrops on windshield have been known to diffract light and distort parts of the scene behind them. In this paper, we propose a Vehicle-Aware Generative Adversarial Networks (VAGAN) to improve vehicle detection from rain images. We train a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) on image pairs, each comprising of an original rain image and one that is manually labelled with colored bounding boxes of the vehicles therein. The latter represents a fake version of the original image emphasizing the regions of interest. To further enhance vehicle awareness, we exploit the fact that the vehicle rear lights are usually turned on during rainy conditions to compute a saliency map of image, and use it formulate a background preserving constrain on the learning vehicle loss function. We show that this novel adversarial framework is able to generate new images with colored regions overlay over vehicles, hence effectively learning to differentiate image background from vehicles. The final vehicle detection in the generated images is not affected by image translation noise because we can simply use color segmentation to localize the vehicles. Experimental results on a large dataset show that our approach is an effective way to solve vehicle detection in rain images, achieving state-of-the-art performance.


Immunomodulatory activity of doxorubicine was assessed with the use of two screening tests: test of cytotoxicity and test of hemagglutination. Substance of proved immunosuppressive properties, that is cyclosporine A was used for comparison. The obtained results show that doxorubicine increases survival rate of mouse thymocytes in cultures with hydrocortisone. Agglutination titre of mouse serum (active hemagglutination test) following doxorubicine injection evidenced a distinct reduction in immunoglobulins representing IgM+IgG and IgG classes in comparison to the control group, which received buffered saline solution. Doxorubicine at the applied concentrations stimulates cell response while inhibiting humoral response of the mouse immunological system.


The Chinese national was again facing the unprecedented crisis of being dismembered and carved up and of national doom and racial extinction by the Western powers. Out of the urgent need of national salvation and survival as well as institutional reforms, the perspectives of state in China accordingly assumed essential change -- a change from the perspective of traditional dynasty to that of modern state-- which reflects reflections and explorations of modern capitalist state theory as well as the inception and development of state sovereignty and independence consciousness.


The volume of international work undertaken by U.S. contractors has declined considerably in the last few years. The share of the international market held by U.S. companies also declined in the same period. The paper reports the findings of a study conducted to explain the performance of U.S. contractors in international markets. Performance indexes were developed that can be calculated by making use of publicly available company information. A questionnaire survey was administered to U.S. contractors that have been active in overseas markets in the last five years. Statistical analyses were performed to explain international performance in terms of commitment, presence, and growth. Findings indicate that the type of construction, the type of contract, financing sources, the geographical location of projects, sources of information, and research and development activity tend to affect U.S. contractors' international performance.


The widespread use of microprocessor-based digital protective relay from various manufacturers, the expansion of the programmable protective relay terminals' functional composition, the lack of hardware, software and algorithmic support unification, problems of electromagnetic protection necessitate consideration of the issues of digital protective relay operational control automation [1-3]. The authors believe that the attention paid by operating services to the means and methods of the AC electric-traction netware protective relay Functional check is insufficient. Monitoring the correct protection functioning in real time when it is triggered by a short circuit makes it possible to identify all types of incorrect actions of the instrument units until the failure of the entire protection as a whole. The most common failures, such as "false response" and "unnecessary operation", are detected with a probability close to unity [4-6]. The article discusses the principles of building a system of protective relay Functional check, applicable for all types of electric-traction netware protection that are currently in operation. Logical equations are given to identify incorrect actions of protective relay.


Biliary strictures are considered indeterminate when evaluation with imaging and standard tissue sampling during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are non-diagnostic. Standard tissue sampling techniques include cytologic brushings, with or without fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and endoscopic intraductal biopsies. These strictures are often clinically suspicious for malignancy. The management of these patients can vary substantially and relies on an accurate diagnosis of the lesion. Unfortunately, despite numerous modalities, the sensitivity of existing tissue sampling techniques remains low and can lead to delays in diagnosis and the need for additional procedures. Cholangioscopy has emerged as a means to visually inspect and obtain image-guided biopsies of the lesion in question, with improved sensitivity as well as a high specificity and accuracy for diagnosing the etiology of indeterminate biliary strictures. The types of cholangioscopy systems and a summary of the pertinent literature are discussed in this review. Copyright © 2017, Society of Gastrointestinal Intervention. All rights reserved.


The factors necessary for normal pancreatic islet morphogenesis have not been well characterized. Here we report that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is involved in the establishment of normal islet endocrine cell ratio and architecture. CTGF is a secreted protein known to modulate several growth factor signaling pathways including TGF, BMP, and Wnt. Though its role in pancreatic diseases such as pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer are well documented, a role for CTGF in normal pancreas development and function has heretofore not been examined. Using a lacZ-tagged CTGF allele, we describe for the first time the expression pattern of CTGF in the developing pancreas and the requirement of CTGF for normal islet morphogenesis and embryonic cell proliferation. CTGF is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal epithelium and vascular endothelium, as well as at lower levels in developing insulin cells, but becomes down-regulated in cells soon after birth. Pancreata from CTGF null embryos have an increase in glucagon cells with a concomitant decrease in insulin cells, and show defects in islet morphogenesis. Loss of CTGF also results in a dramatic decrease in cell proliferation at late gestation. Unlike CTGF null embryos, CTGF heterozygotes survive past birth and exhibit a range of islet phenotypes, including an intermingling of islet cell types, increased number of glucagon cells, and cell hypertrophy. Glucose Metabolism as a Target of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Suzanne E. Wardell, Olga R. Ilkayeva, Heather L. Wieman, Daniel E. Frigo, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Christopher B. Newgard, and Donald P. McDonnell (Mol Endocrinol, published December 23, 2008, 10.1210/me.2008-0179) ABSTRACT The therapeutic efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) is generally attributed to their ability to alter gene expression secondary to their effects on the acetylation status of transcription factors and histones. However, since HDACIs exhibit similar transcriptional effects in most cells, the molecular basis for their therapeutic selectivity towards malignant cells is largely unknown. In this study, we report that HDACI, of distinct chemotypes, quantitatively inhibit glucose tranporter 1 (GLUT1)-mediated glucose transport into multiple myeloma cells through both downregulation of GLUT1, and inhibition of hexokinase 1 (HXK1) enzymatic activity. Unexpectedly, however, this inhibition of glucose utilization is accompanied by an increase in amino acid catabolism with no increase in fatty acid oxidation. Our findings suggest that an HDACI-induced change in carbon source preference could contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs by creating a pattern of fuel utilization that is incompatible with rapid tumor growth and survival. Furthermore, these results, which implicate glucose metabolism as a target of HDACI, suggest that caution should be exercised in attributing effects of this class of drug to primary alterations in gene transcription.The therapeutic efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) is generally attributed to their ability to alter gene expression secondary to their effects on the acetylation status of transcription factors and histones. However, since HDACIs exhibit similar transcriptional effects in most cells, the molecular basis for their therapeutic selectivity towards malignant cells is largely unknown. In this study, we report that HDACI, of distinct chemotypes, quantitatively inhibit glucose tranporter 1 (GLUT1)-mediated glucose transport into multiple myeloma cells through both downregulation of GLUT1, and inhibition of hexokinase 1 (HXK1) enzymatic activity. Unexpectedly, however, this inhibition of glucose utilization is accompanied by an increase in amino acid catabolism with no increase in fatty acid oxidation. Our findings suggest that an HDACI-induced change in carbon source preference could contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs by creating a pattern of fuel utilization that is incompatible with rapid tumor growth and survival. Furthermore, these results, which implicate glucose metabolism as a target of HDACI, suggest that caution should be exercised in attributing effects of this class of drug to primary alterations in gene transcription. Constitutive Somatostatin Receptor Activity Determines Tonic Pituitary Cell Response Anat Ben-Shlomo, Cuiqi Zhou, Oxana Pichurin, Vera Chesnokova, Ning-Ai Liu, Michael D Culler, and Shlomo Melmed (Mol Endocrinol, published January 8, 2009, 10.1210/me.2008-0361) ABSTRACT Somatostatin (SRIF) binds G-protein coupled SRIF receptor subtypes (SST1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) to regulate cell secretion and proliferation.Somatostatin (SRIF) binds G-protein coupled SRIF receptor subtypes (SST1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) to regulate cell secretion and proliferation. Hypothalamic SRIF inhibits pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone and ACTH secretion. We tested SRIF-independent constitutive SST activity in AtT20 mouse pituitary corticotroph cells in which ACTH secretion is highly sensitive to SRIF action. Stable transfectants expressing SST2 or SST5 were sensitized to selective agonist action, and constitutive SST receptor activity was demonstrated by forskolin and pertussis toxin cAMP cell responses. Persistent constitutive SST activity decreased cell ACTH responses to corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) through decreased expression of CRHR1. Decreased dopamine receptor type 1 expression was associated with attenuated dopamine agonist action, while responses to isoproterenol were enhanced through increased 2 adrenoreceptor expression. Thus, integrated pituitary cell ACTH regulation is determined both by phasic SRIF action, as well as by tonic constitutive SST activity, independently of SRIF. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, February 2009, 94(2):702–703 jcem.endojournals.org 703


Present and future Farmers are currently growing about 60 million hectares of genetically-modified (GM) crops worldwide. The major crops are maize, oilseed rape, potato, tomato, soybean, cotton, tobacco and sugar beet. These crops are pollinated by wind, or where pollinated by insects are largely selfpollinated by them as they are self-fertile (Williams, 1994a). Recent advances in biotechnology will allow the development, within the next decade, of a wider range of GM crops with enhanced resistance to disease, pests and herbicides, improved nutritive quality, incorporation of male sterility or greater tolerance of adverse growing conditions. These will include many insect-pollinated, selfincompatible species, such as the forage legumes, which are pollinated by bees.


Damped Ly$\alpha$ systems provide possibly the most significant evidence for early structure formation, and thus a stringent constraint on the Cold + Hot Dark Matter (CHDM) cosmology. Using the numbers of halos in N-body simulations to normalize Press-Schechter (PS) estimates of the number densities of protogalaxies as a function of redshift, we find that CHDM with $\Omega_c/\Omega_\nu/\Omega_b = 0.6/0.3/0.1$ is compatible with the damped Ly$\alpha$ data only at $z 3$. The predictions of CHDM are quite sensitive to the neutrino fraction. We find that $\Omega_c/\Omega_\nu/\Omega_b = 0.725/0.20/0.075$ is compatible with the $z>3$ data. With one massive neutrino species, this corresponds to lowering the neutrino mass from 7.0 to 4.7 eV, for $H_0=50\kmsMpc$ and $T=2.726$ K. By analysing our numerical simulations with different resolutions and box sizes as well as those of Ma \& Bertchinger (1994), we show that for the CHDM models with $\Omega_\nu$=0.2--0.3 the PS approximation should be used with Gaussian filter with $\delta_c=1.3-1.4$ if one tries to recover the total mass of a collapsed halo and to include nonlinear effects, due to waves both longer and shorter than those within the simulation box.


High‐resolution displays are now needed for mobile equipment, not only for cell phones, but also for other devices such as ultramobile PCs and mobile Internet Protocol Television s (IPTV). We have developed a new low‐cost and low‐power driving method for the high‐resolution IPS panel on the LTPS TFT platform. This method drives common electrodes separated by each line. So it can reduce inversion frequency, compared with "dot‐inversion" or "line‐inversion". We also developed a prototype of a 5‐inch WXGA (1366 × 768) using our new driving method and confirmed good display quality and a low‐power consumption that was nearly equal to that of frame inversion.


The article substantiates the necessity of forming a mechanism to ensure the conditions for sustainable development of economic entities. It proves that commercial organizations need a reliable tool that allows them to independently identify problems to be solved, and to justify measures to create conditions for their sustainable development. Business analysis, whose methodological framework is a stakeholder approach to managing economic actors, is capable of performing the role of such a tool. The article discloses the specifi of business analysis as the regular phase of the evolution of economic analysis under the conditions of market relations. Characterized is the possibility of using business analysis to justify innovation activities of commercial organizations with regard to the requirements of different stakeholders, leading to the creation of conditions for sustainable development. The article offers a cyclic algorithm of the mechanism of sustainable development, which was built on the basis of the principles of business-analysis.


Parameter measurement of multiphase flow is of great importance in a variety of industrial processes,such as petroleum industry,chemical industry,metallurgical industry,etc.The cone flowmeters, as a newly developed differential pressure meter,have received growing attention of engineers and academic researchers in multiphase flow measurement.It can accurately measure multiphase flow rate in a less straight pipe.However,there is still need to optimize the cone structure and improve the performance of cone meters.In this paper,a deformation of cone meter is presented,and its flow field in a horizontal pipe of 50 mm inner diameter were numerically simulated with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)method,and the hydraulic characteristics of the cone of different structural parameters were analyzed to optimize the structure.The simulation shows that the optimal structure can significantly reduce the permanent pressure loss and improve the measurement repeatability and accuracy.


Background -Computerized medical records have been widely used in family practice in Iceland for several years. Extensive data have been accumulated; however, how best to use and implement these data has been debated.Objectives -The main objectives of this study was to determine the advantage of computerized information systems in family practice.Main results -The results provided broad epidemiological information on the content of family practice in Iceland. The study population consisted of 50,865 Icelanders and their 257,188 contacts with 17 community health centres over one whole year, 1988. Services were provided by 50 doctors, 43 nurses and nurses' assistants, and 7 midwives. Almost 90% of the rural population made at least one contact over the year of study; the mean rate of contacts per individual was 5.1, office visit 2.8-3.3, phone calls 1.1-1.6, and home-visits 0.4, females (40%) more often than males, increasing in number with increasing age. Disease symptoms were the reason for contact in 35-...


The axonal projections of the internal pallidum (GPi) in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were studied by labeling small pools of neurons with biotinylated dextran amine. Fifty‐two axons were reconstructed entirely from serial sections with a camera lucida. Two types of projection neurons were identified in the GPi on the basis of their target sites. The abundant and centrally located type I neurons gave rise to a long axonal branch that descended directly to the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, where it arborized discretely. Other branches ascended to the thalamus and broke into 10–15 thinner collaterals that ran through most of the ventral anterior nucleus, where they terminated as typical plexuses. About half of these axons gave rise to collaterals that arborized in both components of the centre médian/parafascicular thalamic complex. The less numerous and peripherally located type II neurons had an axon that climbed the rostral thalamic pole, coursed along the stria medullaris, and arborized profusely within the lateral habenular nucleus, which stood out as the most densely innervated pallidal target. Some type II axons provided collaterals to the anterior thalamic nuclei. A small proportion of axons of both types had branches that crossed the midline and terminated in contralateral GPi target structures. Three‐dimensional reconstruction showed that type I axons arborized principally along the sagittal plane. These data reveal that GPi neurons of type I act through a widely distributed axonal network upon thalamic and brainstem premotor neurons, whereas type II neurons act in a much more focused manner upon lateral habenular neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:162–175, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Myxoglobulosis is a rare variant of mucocoele of the appendix characterised by the presence of globoid bodies composed of mucoid material (Probstein & Lassar, 1948). It has usually been found as an incidental finding at autopsy or operation; however, it is sometimes associated with chronic abdominal pain or episodes simulating acute appendicitis. We report a case of myxoglobulosis of the appendix, diagnosed accidentally by a characteristic X-ray appearance.


PurposeThe objective of this study was to analyse the effects of major determinants on VCT adoption intention among higher educational leaders. Also, this study aims to investigate how perceived risk and perceived benefits influence the educational leaders, VCT actual use intention.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the online survey method to collect the 440 responses through purposive sampling procedure. Structural equation modelling (SEM) technique and Multi Group Analysis procedure were used to test the proposed model and moderating effects.FindingsThe findings revealed that all the four determinants (PE, EE, SI and FC) based on UTAUT model have positive and significant effects on intention to use VCT. Besides this there is a significant and positive effect of intention to use VCT on actual usage of VCT by the educational leaders. The moderating effect of perceived risk and perceived benefits on actual usage of virtual communication also found significant.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper makes its contribution to the literature related to virtual communication technology adoption by including two moderator variables (perceived risk and benefits) that are expected to affect educational leaders' actual usage of VCT. The results can also help researchers and practitioners better understanding the factors that influence higher educational leaders to adopt VCT.Originality/valueThis study proposed a model incorporating the perceived risk and perceived benefits in the UTAUT model to predict the actual use of VCT. The study endeavours to investigate the moderating effects of perceived risk and perceived benefits between ITUVCT and AUVCT in Indian educational context.


The opinions expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Juvenile Detention Association or the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.


Background. Activities for demented elders in private residential care homes for the elderly (RCHE) in Hong Kong are often insufficient. This study evaluated the effects of an integrated activity programme on elders with dementia in private RCHE, and explored the staff's perceived barriers in implementing the activity programme. Methods. 63 elders aged ≥65 years with mild-to-moderate dementia were recruited from 6 private RCHE. They were randomised to the intervention (activity) and control (usual care) groups. Intervention included a 12-session integrated activity programme involving reality orientation, reminiscence, daily living skills, and cognitive stimulation. The programme was delivered by trained occupational therapists who also provided training to private RCHE staff. Function, observed agitated behaviours, and subjective carer burden were measured by blinded raters before and after the programme. Views on the perceived difficulties of the trained staff and supervisors in running the activity programme were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results. A significant decrease in carer burden was noted in the activity group (F=15.7, p=0.013). No significant change was noted in daily functioning and behavioural disturbances after the programme. Staff expressed difficulties in accommodating the diverse needs of demented elders, whereas supervisors were more concerned with the manpower constraints for the provision of such activities. Conclusion. Integrated activity programme reduced subjective ratings of carer burden. Training private RCHE staff in organising activities with positive attitudes may sustain the programme.


In estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats under urethane anesthesia, multiple-unit electrical activity (MUA) in the subiculum of the ventral hippocampus responded to intravenous injection of luteinizing hormone (LH) with an increased level of activity in about half of the cases; the others showed no change. Similar responses were observed in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region of the hypothalamus, although some decreases in MUA were also observed there. The positive hippocampal response was not induced by FSH, TSH, or boiled LH. It is suggested that LH receptors may exist in the subiculum and that the effect is transmitted to the hypothalamus by the medial corticohypothalamic tract.


Mixing device for mixing the first component and the second component (10), inside a first container containing a first component is a negative pressure state (12), a second container containing a second component and (16), when pierced in the first plug (26) and the second plug (30), and double-ended needle for communication with the second container (16) a first container (12) (20) equipped with a. Double ended needle (20) first puncture needle (42) and the second puncture needle (44), respectively, the position of the base end side than the distal tube portion (60, 62), the first plug (26) and penetration resistance for the second plug (30) is greater penetration resistance increasing portion from the tip tube portion (60, 62) (64, 66) is provided. Blade surface axial height of the tip tube portion (60, 62) is shorter than the thickness of each of the first plug (26), a second plug (30).


Gas hydrate is a kind of potential energy resource,and the resources are huge.South China Sea is the principal region where natural gas hydrates are distributed in China.This paper analyzes the influencing factors of forming gas hydrate,such as tectonic deposition,hydrocarbon source,temperature and pressure and some other factors,taking the Gulf of Mexico and Blake Ridge gas hydrate reservoirs for example.Then based on the influencing factors of forming hydrate,taking South China Sea tectonic evolution and petroleum geological conditions into account,this paper thinks that the structural and gas source condition in South China Sea are beneficial to the formation of natural gas hydrate.Meanwhile,this paper further regards Southwest Taiwan basin,Dongsha Islands,Xisha Trough – Qiong-dongnan basin and Beikang basin as the first-grade prospective area of gas hydrate and the Zhongjiannan basin and Wanan basin as subprime prospective area of gas hydrate in the South China Sea.According to the challenge for the exploration and research of the South China Sea natural gas hydrate,this paper puts forward some suggestions.


From October 2017 to May 2018 the Imperial War Museum London presented 'the UK's first major exhibition of artists' responses to war and conflict since 9/11', Age of Terror: Art since 9/11. Drawing...


To make full use of renewable energy resources is of great significance for China's implementation of sustainable development strategy.This paper reviews the development of China's renewable energy policies.On this basis, in depth analysis of the obstacles to the development of renewable energy resources,support the development of renewable energy from the final market.In particular,China's consumer market perspective to explore alternative renewable energy policy.


Background: The Norwegian municipal welfare system provides home healthcare and residential services to a growing population of older people. The skills and competence of the personnel providing these services need to keep pace with demand, and continuing education is vital. A concern, though, is the way positivist knowledge permeates both education and healthcare services; recognising other types of knowledge, such as tacit knowledge together with practical wisdom, is important to complement the focus on evidence-based practice. Aims and objectives: This article addresses the need for healthcare professionals to develop openminded reflection in writing and in action, as keys to expressing tacit knowledge and thus making it more visible. Moreover, tacit knowledge may also represent practical wisdom, or 'phronesis'. The aim is to bring forward examples of the often invisible and unrecognised expertise held by experienced nurses and other healthcare professionals. Method: This discussion paper is based on reflection notes written by students doing continuing education in advanced gerontology. Some of the situational dilemmas that students bring forward in their texts are retold, and these stories represent traces of tacit care knowledge, and practical wisdom or phronesis. Findings: Reflection may strengthen students' ethical autonomy and imagination, which is important in healthcare professionals' caregiving. Reflective writing is part of the educational pathway and contributes to the development of personal tacit knowledge and wisdom. The experiences put forward in the student's stories become part of their ability to act and care; this embodied knowledge is understood as part of what phronesis might be. Implications for practice: • Fostering healthcare professionals' self-awareness through reflection can help them come to a realisation and understanding that opens up new alternatives for action • Reflection may increase awareness of care restrictions due to organisational structures


Abstract : The second order nonlinearity present in many crystals can be utilized to convert optical radiation into THz radiation via the optical rectification mechanism. This process becomes efficient if a phase matching condition is satisfied. The short pulses used for optical rectification can be more intense than the longer pulses used for difference frequency generation because of the pulse length dependence of the crystal's damage threshold. However, optical rectification is more complicated than difference frequency generation because of the fact that the THz is broadband and group velocity dispersion cannot be neglected. Simulations show that conversion efficiencies of one percent can be obtained from optical rectification in a Gallium Selenide crystal, provided a means of coupling the radiation into and out of the crystal can be found. The saturation of the THz signal is due to frequency shifts in the laser pulse, which change the group velocity and spoil the phase matching. As part of the process, the laser pulse is dramatically compressed.


Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death worldwide, and serum cardiac markers play an important role in diagnosing AMI (acute
myocardial infarction). It is no longer recommended to use serum markers such as aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactate
dehydrogenase subforms because they lack cardiac specicity and their delayed elevation prevents early diagnosis. The most sensitive and specic
markers of myocardial damage appear to be cardiac troponin and creatine kinase. Recent studies have revealed several novel biomarkers and a
multi biomarker approach can potentially enhance the diagnostic accuracy and provide more information for the early risk stratication of AMI.
This review focuses on a variety of promising biomarkers which provide diagnostic and prognostic information.


Resonance Raman spectra of several apo and holodehydrogenase enzymes excited with ultraviolet laser wavelengths are reported. At 260 nm maximum selective enhancement of the NAD and NADH coenzyme vibrational spectra is seen and effects associated with the coenzyme binding to the several different enzymes are attributed to polarity and hydrogen bonding between adenine component and amino acid residues at the enzyme binding sites. With 220 nm excitation the aromatic amino acid residues dominate the RR vibrational spectra while 240 nm excitation is selected to probe the acyl enzyme intermediate in the reaction of glyceraldehyde3phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with its substrate GAP. Comparisons are made with recent results from normal nonresonance Raman studies and finally new data on inelastic neutron scattering (INS) are presented. 2.


Skin pigmentation is an important human phenotypic trait whose regulation, in spite of recent advances, has not been fully understood. Global variation in skin pigmentation is one of the most striking examples of environmental adaptation in humans. From genome-wide association studies (GWAS), almost four hundreds loci have been identified as candidate genes in model organisms. Nevertheless, only few of them have been found to be significantly associated with human skin pigmentation differences in African, Asian, and European populations. Further, the evolutionary history of different pigmentation genes is rather complex: some loci have been subjected to strong positive selection, while others evolved under the relaxation of functional constraints in low ultraviolet (UV) environment.In this manuscript, we report the current genetic architecture implicated in human skin pigmentation. Eventually, we conclude that this complex trait is strived to a bright future.


There were 92 voluntary associations in Tsuen Wan in 1969. They were formed primarily by immigrants to deal with the dramatic changes that confronted them. Merchants, hawkers, industrialists and workers created them to help meet the challenges of new economic and social forces. Most associations were focussed on the welfare needs of their members since government assistance was inadequate. Associations which recruited on the basis of locality or surname ties were common in the Imperial past and among Overseas Chinese communities. Religious associations were numerous and met important cultural needs typical of the areas of migration, in a context dominated by change and unfamiliarity.


Epithelial cell sheets line the organ and body surfaces and the specialized barrier functions of these epithelia regulate the exchange of substances with the outside environment and between different body compartments. Epithelia play a role in a wide range of physiological processes such as digestion, excretion, and leukocyte trafficking. In addition, during development, some epithelia form transient primitive structures, including the neural tube and somites, which are essential for the development of more complex organs. The establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity is critical for the development and functioning of multicellular organisms (Nelson 2000). A multi-step model for the establishment of cell polarity has been proposed by Drubin and Nelson (1996). Cell polarity is initiated by a spatial cue, such as generated by cell–cell contact sites. This cue is interpreted and marked by the formation of signaling complexes that relay the spatial information to the actin cytoskeleton. Localized actin assembly then leads to the formation of a targeting patch, which functions to reinforce the initial cue. Subsequently, this cue can further be propagated via a reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton, which in turn causes a redistribution of the membrane trafficking apparatus. In addition to actin cytoskeletal dynamics and vesicle trafficking, epithelial morphogenesis also depends on cell–substrate and cell–cell adhesion. Members of the Rho family of GTPases play essential roles in each of these processes (for reviews, see Hall 1998; Kaibuchi et al. 1999a,b; Braga 2000; Ellis and Mellor 2000; Schwartz and Shattil 2000; Ridley 2001a,b) and therefore it is not surprising to see that Rho GTPases have emerged as critical players at multiple stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In this review we will discuss the involvement of Rho family members in the development and maintenance of epithelial morphology and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the roles of these GTPases in the establishment of epithelial polarity. We will also discuss the participation of these GTPases in epithelial remodeling during wound-healing and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. As other members of the Ras superfamily, Rho GTPases cycle between a GDP-bound (inactive) state and a GTP-bound (active) state. In the active state, these GTPases relay signals from growth factors, cytokines, and adhesion molecules to regulate a wide range of biological processes, including actin cytoskeleton organization, transcriptional regulation, and vesicle trafficking (Van Aelst and D'Souza-Schorey 1997; Hall 1998). The nucleotide state of Rho family proteins is controlled by three classes of regulatory proteins: guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) (Boguski and McCormick 1993). GEFs catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP by facilitating the release of GDP and transient stabilization of the nucleotide-free protein. GAPs promote the intrinsic GTP hydrolyzing activity of Rho proteins, thereby enhancing their conversion to the GDP-bound form. GDIs preferentially bind to GDP-bound GTPases and prevent spontaneous and GEF-catalyzed release of nucleotide, thereby maintaining the GTPases in the inactive state. Although activation of Rho GTPases in response to extracellular signals in principle could occur either via the activation of GEFs or inhibition of GAPs and GDIs, studies on oncogenic forms of GEFs suggest that nucleotide exchange is the rate-limiting step in GTPase activation. The localized activation of GEFs is likely to be of critical importance in polarity establishment and morphogenesis. Localized control of GEFs and GTPases has been extensively characterized in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Polarized growth is important at several stages of the budding yeast life cycle, including bud formation during vegetative growth and shmoo formation during mating. Recent genetic and biochemical analyses of the roles of the GTPase Cdc42 and its GEF Cdc24 in these processes has led to a model in which GEF activity is regulated in four distinct steps: GEF recruitment to the plasma membrane and subsequent activation, stabilization by adaptor proteins, and termination of signaling by GEF inactivation (Gulli and Peter 2001). Less is known about the regulation of GEFs in 3Corresponding author. E-MAIL firstname.lastname@example.com; FAX (516) 367-8815. Article and publication are at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/ gad.978802.


SummaryThis paper follows a pattern similar to those of the earlier years, the assessment being made after perusal of the hospital notes or very full summaries in all the cases. The chief finding is a marked decrease in the deaths from rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn in 1981 and reasons for this are discussed. There is also evidence of a considerable improvement in death certification but nevertheless errors still occur and examples are given. New information from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys about the multiple coded cases, that is the sample extracted where haemolytic disease was only the antecedent or contributory cause of death, has necessitated a slight alteration of the estimated number of rhesus deaths given in the previous papers.


Marie-Jeanne Lhéritier's dedications and frame-tale discussions show her carefully crafting moral fairy-tale texts as part of the Moderns' cultural agenda. Despite the degree to which her thinking, and to a certain extent, that of Mme d'Aulnoy, overlapped with that of the Abbé de Villiers, he excoriated all fairy tales except those of Charles Perrault. Underlying all three authors' arguments is a sense of fairy tales as literary texts rather than as cultural patrimony.


This paper analyzes behavior of a cooperative of raw material producers. The cooperative sells a production input to producers, provides a "free" service to members, and bargains with processors for raw material price. One analysis assumes the cooperative's objective is maximization of the raw material price received by members. Another assumes the objective is maximization of quantity marketed through the cooperative. The cooperative has three instruments to manipulate to attain its objective. First-order maximization conditions for the two objectives are quite different from each other and from "marginal cost equals marginal revenue" conditions.


Recently, biometric template protection has received ever increasing research interests. However, most of the proposed schemes are not yet sufficiently mature for large scale deployment, they do not meet the requirements of security, and high-recognition performance. For example, matching methods based on Euclidean measurement ignore the difference of different component easily. Mean quantization method may not be provide higher security. For the longer iris, fuzzy vault scheme will take less security when used directly. In this paper, a novel authentication schemes for biometric template protection is proposed. First, we introduce a sequence matching threshold method to enhance the recognition performance. Then, we propose a binary transform method using gray code for quantization to suit the sequence matching threshold. Finally, we propose Multi-Division Template Protection (MDTP) framework based on fuzzy vault with higher performance at different equation recovery situation. The experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed schemes than other methods.


In this article we consider the estimation of the stress-strength reliability parameter, R = P(X < Y ) when the stress (X) and the strength (Y ) are dependent random variables distributed as bivariate Lomax model. The maximum likelihood, moment and Bayes estimators are derived. We obtained Bayes estimators using symmetric and asymmetric loss functions via squared error loss and Linex loss functions respectively. Since there are no closed forms for the Bayes estimators, we used an approximation based on Lindley's method to obtain Bayes estimators under these loss functions. An extensive computer simulation is used to compare the performance of the proposed estimators using three criteria, namely, relative bias, mean squared error and Pitman nearness (PN) probability. Real data application is provided to illustrate the performance of our proposed estimators.


Background: Earlier studies on the effect of constant electro-acupuncture (EA) treatments in rats with drug-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), has been shown to revise the hormones and neurotransmitter levels. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim to test the hypothesis that repeated EA treatment modulates Epinephrine (EPI) and Norepinephrine (NE) level of PCOS and anovulation. Method: This was done by analyzing EPI and NE level using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in plasma of normal rats (n=10), drug EstradiolValerate (EV) induced PCOS rats (n=10) and PCOS rats treated with EA (n=10) and modulation of ovulation was studied by staining the ovary. Result: The present study shows the concentration of EPI and NE level in the plasma was significantly (P< 0.001) lower and reversal of ovulation from anovulation in the PCOS rats treated with EA compared with the EA untreated PCOS rats. Conclusion: The EA treatment reverses the EPI and NE level indicate that PCOS modulates the sympathetic activity of rats and the EA treatment could bring back the Neuroendocrinological state and the sympathetic activity of PCOS rats which turn induce the ovulation back to normal.


Studies explored spelling errors of consonants in the written form of Arabic among the Bedouin pupils of the Negev in elementary school found significantly lower scores for these pupils in comparison with triangle pupils for real word task and for real word recognition task, mainly in the second grade. Also, pupils from the Bedouin sector found difficulty with the representation of emphatic phonemes, and represented them by a similar soft phoneme. In order to better understand the sources of difficulty found in the former studies, this study focused on spelling errors of consonants among Negev Bedouin children through two writing tasks. The results indicate that most of the spelling errors among 2 nd graders seem to be primarily phonetic in nature, as a result of confusion between similar sounding phonemes in Arabic. Another source of error seems to be attracted to the diglossic nature of Arabic: native Bedouin speakers are exposed to the Negev vernaculars from birth (L1), and are systematically exposed to the written form of Arabic at school. It is therefore suggested that the effect of colloquial phonology on spelling among diglossic children should be taken into consideration by language teachers as well as by teacher training institutions.


Objective In order to successfully perform modified multivisceral transplantation(MMVTx) in human being,we tried to perform surgical techniques of MMVTx on pigs,in an attempt to train a team of transplant surgeons.Methods Donor organs were infused with hypertonic citrate adenine solution in situ and a cluster of grafts including stomach,duodenum,pancreas and intestine were recovered en bloc.The donor's infra renal aorta was anastomosed with the recipient's infra renal aorta in an end-to-side fashion,and an end-to-end anastomosis between the donor's portal vein and the recipient's superior mesenteric vein was performed.Side-to-side anastomosis between the native duodenum and the graft jejunum was preformed.A covering distal loop ileostomy and a gastrostomy were created for surveillance.Results Eighteen clusters of the MMVTx grafts were successfully procured from 25 donors;the mean operative time of harvesting was(149.44±22.09) min.In the absence of appropriate support during peri-anesthetic period and peri-operative period,12 surgical procedures of 18 MMVTx were successfully performed,and the survival time of these 12 recipients was from 2 to 126 h.Seven of the 12 recipients survived more than 24 hours,2 of which survived more than 72 h and 1 survived 126 h.The mean operative time of recipients was(236.67±36.76) min and the cold ischemia time was(212.92±21.26) min.Conclusion Our successful MMVTx surgical techniques in pigs indicated that these techniques were feasible in human being.


The absence of interdental papillae leads to the appearance of black triangle. For most patients, the appearance of these triangles is an important reason for concern and affects their social relationships. Multiple reconstruction techniques have been developed with different degrees of success and predictability. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of hyaluronic acid (HA) injected into interproximal papillae six months after injection and to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. After a systematic review, five articles were selected: a clinical randomised controlled trial and four clinical trials. In total, eighty-five patients with a deficiency in upper papillae in the front of the maxilla and jaw were included in the study. The height variable was evaluated (mm) six months after HA injection. In total, one hundred and four interproximal papillae were studied. Three articles showed an important difference in favour of intervention. The total result regarding in the injection of AH was favourable with an approximate average filling of 0.7 mm in the height of the interdental papilla. The injection of HA for the reconstruction of deficient papillae in the region of the upper and lower maxilla was a possible option treatment strategy.


In this work concerning steady-state radiative-transfer calculations in plane-parallel media, the equivalence between the discrete ordinates method and the spherical harmonics method is proved. More specifically, it is shown that for standard radiative-transfer problems without the imposed restriction of azimuthal symmetry the two methods yield identical results for the radiation intensity when the quad- rature scheme for the discrete ordinates method is defined by the zeros of the associated Legendre func- tions and when generalized Mark boundary conditions are used to define the spherical harmonics solution. It is also shown that, with these choices for a quadrature scheme and for the boundary conditions, the two methods can be formulated so as to require the same computational effort. Finally a justification for using the generalized Mark boundary conditions in the spherical harmonics solution is given.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between geographical and cognitive proximity in university–industry collaboration in Brazil. Data from university–industry collaborations were used and a measure for cognitive proximity was built based on correspondence analysis. The main results show that cognitive proximity is a substitute for geographical proximity because shared capabilities and expertise between a university and the collaborating firm stimulate long-distance collaboration. The results provide new empirical evidence for the relationship between geographical proximity and a form of non-spatial proximity in a developing country. Moreover, these findings add a new driver, cognitive proximity, that affects long-distance university–industry collaboration.


ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the minimum regional wage applied in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, using the RAIS database for 2010. We report the legal-political process that gave rise to the minimum regional wage as well as present the conceptual difference between this policy and the nationwide minimum wage policy. We go further to analyze the potential coverage, from its definition (and delimitation) to its measurement within four classes; then, we indicate the professional careers contemplated and the regionalized by Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento (Coredes). Based on this exercise, we evaluate the minimum regional wage policy in recent years and discuss proposals for a new set of rules.

Key words
Minimum regional wage; wage policy; Rio Grande do Sul.

Artigo recebido em 12 de jan. 2012


The macaw palm has been domesticated due to its potential use in the production of biodiesel. One of the current challenges in this area is to determine the proper information and develop the technologies required for using macaw palm, allowing it to contribute to the sustainable production of feedstock for biodiesel industry. The principle of mechanical vibration can be employed for the detachment of fruits from a tree bunch, and it is therefore necessary to study the dynamic behavior of the macaw palm fruit-rachilla system during the vibration. Hence, the modal properties of the system were determined. A study on the dynamic behaviors was carried out using a deterministic finite element model, and the natural frequencies were obtained through a frequency-scanning test to evaluate the model. The mean relative error (MRE) between the measured and simulated natural frequencies was also used to evaluate the model. The natural frequencies, determined experimentally, varied between 26.21 and 33.45 Hz on average, whereas the simulated frequencies varied from 24.81 to 39.27 Hz. The overall MRE was 9.08%. Once the model was validated, a sensibility test showed that the density of fruit and the elasticity modulus are the parameters that most influence the natural frequencies of the fruit-rachilla system.


Introduction: One of the world's most significant public health issues has been HIV infections and AIDS(HIV / AIDS). The 1 percent of deaths worldwide are responsible for HIV / AIDS Knowledge of HIV /AIDS among students is crucial to the elimination of disease propagation. Besides, young adult universitystudents may start their own families someday and some may be health care providers in the future. Dataabout Knowledge, regarding HIV/AIDS are needed to sensitize and create awareness among nursingstudents as they were becoming health care administrators and providers in the future. Aim: To determinethe knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among new entrants of the nursing institute. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among new entrants of the nursing institute in Wardha district. Thestudents were chosen randomly. This cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out by pre-designed,pre-tested, and semi-structured surveys of eligible 296 nursing students in their first year of life. First-yearBasic Bsc nursing100 students, GNM100 students, ANM 96students in the age-group of 17-19 years on 1st,4th, and 7th Oct' 2016, respectively. After the study purpose was clarified, the students received 45 minuteswithout shared consultation under the supervision of the investigator, to obtain informed verbal consent andmaintain confidentiality. Students have been given the right to withdraw without fear or obligation fromthe study at any time during their data collection, but none declined to take part. The research variablesincluded demographic variables such as sex, professional education, the difference between HIV / AIDS,routes of transmission, prevention strategies, category of behavioral risk, and antiretroviral therapy, etc.Result: Out of 296 total students, 123 (51.9%) were women and 103 (44.0%) were rural native students.The mean knowledge score for the professional education of ANM was 17.35± 3.59, for GNM it was 13.00±3.61and for B.Sc. Nursing it was 17.37±4.31. The majority of the lot was aware of all four routes of infectiontransmission and methods of prevention. When the mean data score for the three new entrants is compared, nomajor statistical difference except ANM (P=.999) is noted.


The concrete code for the column shear-capacity design of a structure is gained through simi-empirical and semi theoretical.However,due to the limited test data and its own characteristics of a concrete structure,standardize formula cannot cover all the columns of shear calculations.Thusly,the thought of dynamic information updates based on Bayesian approach was introduced.A Bayesian prior model is proposed based on the epistemic information from the empirical formula.Two types of the information,the epistemic information and the experimental information,are synthesized by the Bayesian approach and inferred to update the prior model.And the probabilistic models for shear capacities of reinforced concrete column are constructed and unknown model parameters are estimated.Then modify the models and construct the new ones.Though the values of the prior model,posterior model and experiments are calculated and compared,the advantages of updating Bayesian dynamic information can be seen.The approach inherits the completeness of the prior model and the accuracy of number of experimental data information.Thus it can more accurately predict and verify the shear strength of concrete columns.


An engineering estimate of the spectrum of atmospheric microburst noise radiation in the range 2–20 Hz is developed. This prediction is obtained via a marriage of standard aeroacoustic theory with a numerical computation of the relevant fluid dynamics. The ''computational aeroacoustics'' technique applied here to the interpretation of atmospheric noise measurements is illustrative of a methodology that can now be employed in a wide class of problems.


Changling fault depression is a basin of continental volcanic-sedimentary rocks, faulting is the key factor that controls volcanic activities and volcanic rock distribution. Based on investigations over this region, the author inferred the distribution of volcanic rocks, and delineated 2 craters and 8 volcanic massifs distributed along major ruptures with special seismic fades. Commercial natural gas was discovered in the volcanic massif of Yingcheng Formation. In addition to in-situ pores, the physical properties of volcanic rock reservoirs are also affected by secondary fractures and caves. Seeking favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zones of volcanic rocks in fault zones and succeeding reversal zones are exactly equal to seek the favorable locations of deep natural gas and inorganic gas.


A quantum field Φ(x) exists at an event x ∈ M of space-time (M, g) in general only as a quadratic form Φ(x). Only after smearing Φ(x) with a smooth test function f we get an operator Φ(f). In this paper the question is considered whether it is possible as well to smear Φ(x) with a singular test function T (i.e. test distributions) supported by a smooth timelike curve γ. It is shown that this is always possible if Φ(x) satisfies the micro local spectrum condition and T belongs to a special class of distributions which retain some regularity in timelike directions (i.e. along γ). In the free field case these results are used to define some kind of time-translation along γ which generalizes global space-time translations of Minkowski space.


Based on the theoretical principle of percolation mechanism, the mathematical relations between single well production rate and formation pressure in each stratum are derived; and analysis is conducted in combination with the theory of multi-well interference. A model is established for determining subzone formation pressure distribution of simultaneous multi-well production from the viewpoint of potential. The model is used to predict the subzonal pressure distribution in an area of an oilfield in combination with well logging data. It can be seen from analytical contrasting of the result with oilfield practical situation that better result would be achieved for predicting the regional pressure distribution by using the method.


Beizhan iron deposit in Xinjiang is one of the important deposits of Awulale iron-coppergold metallogenic belt in the western Tianshan.K-feldspar granite and K-feldspar granite porphyry,which have pulsating intrusive contact relationship,are exposed in the southern of iron district.Geochemical characteristics show that the rocks are high potassium calc-alkaline,enriched in large iron lithophile element(Rb and K),and relatively depleted in high field strength elements,and Ba,Sr,P and Ti are significantly negative anomaly;fractionation of light and heavy rare earth elements is obvious.Ages of K-feldspar granite and K-feldspar granite porphyry from Beizhan iron deposit are respectively(320.5±1.9)Ma and(306.8±1.6)Ma by the method of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating.Combined with regional geological data,the geochemical and geochronological results show that K-feldpar granite and K-feldspar granite porphyry exposed have the same magma source,and probably form in the tectonic setting transformed from thesubduction of southern Tianshan oceans to the continental collision orogeny from Early Carboniferous to Late Carboniferous.


In 2018, two aircraft from the Miramar-based Marine Fighter Attack Training Squadron 101, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing flew over the Salton Sea, California's largest inland body of water occupying the desert area of Imperial and Riverside Counties. Midair, the pilots decided to pull a prank. As the Navy Times reported on the incident, not bothering to contain their glee, "high over the Mad Max-ian wasteland that is California's Salton Sea," the pilots used their planes to draw "a sky penis, appearing to nestle . . . in the bosom of the Chocolate Mountains."1 The radar image was tweeted out by a civilian monitor, garnering thousands of engagements from Twitter users and prompting coverage from the Navy Times as well as a number of other outlets (figure 1).2 A military contractor blog commented that when the pilots "penetrate[d] the Salton Sea" it had "yet to be confirmed that the sky was able to give consent."3 These kinds of pranks are not unheard of; naval officers have been rebuked for at least three similar incidents in 2018 and 2019, a pattern that bespeaks ongoing—and seething—problems with regard to the sexual politics of militarism.4 At the Salton Sea, however, the image of a sky penis projected over this landscape—described by the


The goal of this study is to improve a methodology for environmental zoning of counties located at mountain areas in the Cuestas landforms, in São Paulo State, the southeast of Brazil. The chosen test area, São Pedro County, is located in the middle-east region of the state of São Paulo. Most of its area is occupied by sandy soils and steeped slopes, fit for erosional processes. To create the environmental zoning map we used a digital database composed of the following thematic maps: soils, drainage network, topography, geology, land-use, permanently-protected areas and roads. The land-use maps were created by field workers in the study area and digital image classification, using a TM7+Landsat geocodified image, processed using an image processing module of the Idrisi32 GIS. The rest of the database was produced by national and state geographic institutes. Several environmental problems related to inadequate use of land have occurred in São Pedro County, such as badlands; rainforest, savanna and riparian forest cutting; fast river floodplain aggrading and intensive soil erosion. The methodology used was based on spatial analysis techniques of map comparison and overlaying, which exist in Idrisi32 GIS. Using the reclass module and a soil conservation methodology, soil and slope maps categories were reclassified into five classes based on fragility to land-use and occupation (extremely low to extremely high). The two reclassified maps were combined using a Boolean algebra overlay technique, in order to obtain the terrain's fragility to land-use and occupation map, using the same legend of the fragility maps. Using the Crosstab module, the land-use map was superimposed on the terrain fragility map to produce the environmental zoning map of São Pedro County. The legend of this map was defined by a team of environmental professionals, composed of a geographer, an ecologist, an agricultural engineering, economist, and also, the administrative staff of the São Pedro County municipality. The resulting environmental zoning map is composed of six legend categories: permanent preservation areas, environmental recuperation areas, permitted agricultural land, permitted urban area, controlled urban area, and urban risk areas.


Direct access to a T2-Moss eutectic microstructure with a nominal composition of Mo-9Si-18B (at.%) was obtained using an optical floating zone method at a growth rate of less than 5mm/h. The Mo-9Si-18B two-phase alloy has relatively high 0.2% proof stress at 1500°C of about 700 MPa and fracture toughness at room temperature (RT) of ∼11 MPaVm. The (Mo,Nb)-19.5Si-B alloys with (Mo,Nb)ss-T1-T2 three-phase eutectic microstructure have lower yield stress at 1500°C and fracture toughness at RT lower than the Mo-9Si-18B two-phase alloy. The dense short rod-type morphology of Moss in the Mo-9Si-18B alloy may be pulled out of T2 matrix and crack bridging may play a crucial role in toughening. Due to the limited ductility of Mo at RT, its morphology is more important rather than its volume fraction in improving the fracture toughness of multi-phase alloys.
 Silicide coating on the Mo-9Si-18B alloys with the T2-Moss two-phase microstructure using a halide-activated pack cementation was also examined. The B-doped Mo5Si3 layer with the D8m structure was formed on the substrate after oxidation at 1500°C for 24 hours. The substrate is the source of B atoms. A steady-state weight gain was observed at 1300–1500°C and their steady-state constants are almost equal to those of MoSi2. The weight loss was saturated in 16–26 cycles at 1500°C. It was about -0.4mg/cm2, suggesting thermal stress resistance of the coated Mo-9Si-18B two-phase alloys is sufficient in the present condition.


This paper offers a theoretical protocol for deterministic controlled remote state preparation of arbitrary real-parameter multi-qubit states, in which the maximally three-qubit entangled states are used as quantum channel. We elaborate the processes of implementing remote state preparation of the real-parameter two- and three-qubit states, and extend the protocol to realize the real-parameter n-qubit states. By performing the appropriate multi-qubit projective measurement basis and multi-qubit unitary operations, the successful probability of our scheme can reach 100%.


Out-of-equilibrium quasistationary states (QSSs) are one of the signatures of a broken ergodicity in long-range interacting systems. For the widely studied Hamiltonian mean-field model, the lifetime of some QSSs has been shown to diverge with the number $N$ of degrees of freedom with a puzzling ${N}^{1.7}$ scaling law, contradicting the otherwise widespread $N$ scaling law. It is shown here that this peculiar scaling arises from the locality properties of the dynamics captured through the computation of the diffusion coefficient in terms of the action variable. The use of a mean first passage time approach proves to be successful in explaining the nontrivial scaling at stake here and sheds some light on another case, where lifetimes diverging as ${e}^{N}$ above some critical energy have been reported.


An apparatus (100) for rapid pain suppression, comprising: a main module (104) comprising data storage (110) and data processing means (112); a synthesizer module (106); and one or more channel modules (Chk) (108); wherein said data storage (110) contains the data comprising: the first parameters (Vi) that identify a set of primitive waveforms (S00-S15), each primitive waveform (Si) that has a periodic pattern and predetermined in time; and the second parameters (T-Paqi, Freci, T-sloti) associable to each of said primitive waveforms (Si).


ABSTRACT This study identifies those market segments that frequent state parks in Florida and, in particular, determines those segmentation "clusters" with a best fit for frequency of visitation, accommodation, and age. Two-Step Cluster Analysis and CHAID approaches to the determination of market segmentation are used. This study demonstrates the precision and multi-tree nature of CHAID analysis in that it offers additional levels of variation and distinctiveness for those marketing and managing tourism generally, and in the specific context of state parks. Rather than managing a homogenous "rural tourist", through CHAID analysis, state parks can benefit from the fine-tuning of marketing messages, the more effective provision and location of accommodation stock, and enhanced efforts to attract out-of-state visitors.


REV. 1 AN2025/1004 STMicroelectronics gives in product datasheets useful information for all their Schottky Rectifier families to define their working limit in the avalanche area. A simple method to determine if a Schottky diode can work in the avalanche area in a given Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is described in this document. Then an accurate method will be defined in order to estimate the maximum average avalanche power losses. Finally, a concrete example will be illustrated to show how the choice of a Schottky diode can be optimized in order to improve the efficiency of the converter.


Objectives: Large-for-gestational-age (LGA) fetuses are at increased risk for shoulder dystocia (ShD). We previously reported a novel machine learning (ML) model for the prediction of ShD in the general population. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical utility of the model in stratifying LGA pregnancies into low and high risk for ShD. Methods: Consecutive LGA (EFW>90%) singleton pregnancies undergoing US assessment after 35+0 gestational weeks at an academic tertiary care center between 2014-2019 were included. We analysed 18 parameters required for the ShD risk calculator, including biometric parameters and additional risk modifiers such as maternal height and diabetes status. The ML model provides a risk score between 0 and 1 for ShD and associated neonatal injury. For each of the risk scores, we calculated the number of ShD cases that could have been prevented and the potential decrease/increase in the number of CDs. Results: 432 deliveries were included in the analysis, with 268 women attempting vaginal delivery. Among 193 vaginal deliveries, 16 (8.3%) were complicated by ShD, and of those 5 (3.1%) had associated neonatal injury. There were 69 pre-labour CD for suspected macrosomia. Clinically relevant prediction scores ranged from 0.5 to 0.95 (table 1). A cutoff score of 0.7 would predict 69% of all ShD cases and 80% of ShD cases with associated neonatal injury while adding 7.1 CD for each ShD case prevented. Alternatively, a cutoff score of 0.95 would predict 38% of all ShD cases that are not predicted based on the current clinical decision making while decreasing the number of pre-labour CDs. Conclusions: Utilisation of a novel ML model can stratify LGA pregnancies into low and high risk for ShD, and optimize the use of pre-labour CD.


A quick and simple on-line leaching method was used to assess the maximum bio-accessibility of As in seafood samples. Artificial saliva, gastric juice and intestinal juice were successively pumped through a mini-column of sample (maintained at 37 °C in a thermostatically controlled water bath), which is connected to the nebulizer of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument. In contrast to the usual batch method, this approach allows the continuous monitoring of the progressive release of As by the 3 reagents. Thus, the dissolution equilibrium is driven to the right, thereby enabling the determination of the maximum amount of analyte that can be dissolved (i.e. the worst-case scenario). Results for 4 certified reference materials (CRMs) show that saliva alone was sufficient to release, in less than 5 min, all the bio-accessible total As that was mobilised by saliva and gastric juices in the batch mode.
 The As speciation in each leachate was then determined by ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) coupled to ICP-MS, after adjustment to the gradient program previously optimised by experimental design, along with a 5-fold sample dilution and increased stabilisation time. Under these optimised conditions, 7 different arsenic species in saliva could be separated within 18 min in a single chromatographic run. In all cases, the sum of bio-accessible and residue As concentrations agreed with the certified value. Bio-accessible speciation results were compared and discussed with those previously reported by different extraction methods in the literature.


In performance-based instruction, teaching and assessment decisions are guided by the performance of each student rather than by completion of assignments and examination. In designing the syllabus for performance-based instruction, the focus is on both 'knowing' and 'applying'. Teaching, assessment, evaluation, and reporting are oriented around the demonstration of learning. All areas of the syllabus are integrated with demonstrations of learning through portfolios to provide holistic assessment and evaluation. This paper defines and describes the principles of performance-based instruction, then discusses how to develop a syllabus that incorporates performance-based principles.


The authors show that investigations on the stability of nonlinear waves guided by planar structures greatly benefit when the conditions of marginal stability are considered on a suitable restricted parameter space. Relevant information is summarized in a few diagrams, so that waveguiding properties can be immediately read off from them, and critical power-independent values of the waveguide parameters to ensure stable TE0 propagation are obtained for a particular structure.


Duality transformation is based on visual symmetry of electric and magnetic quantities in the Maxwell equations, as was first noted by Oliver Heaviside in 1886. Different forms of the duality transformation, defined by different numbers of parameters, are presented. Duality transformations can be used for transforming electromagnetic problems to other forms that are possibly easier to solve. In this paper, special attention is given to transforming linear electromagnetic media in order to extend solutions of Green's dyadics to more general media.


This paper explores the mechanisms through which maternal employment affects the quality of household nutrition and the implications for obesity of family members. Using comparable samples from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII), I find that maternal employment is negatively associated with time spent shopping for and preparing food and positively associated with the share of household food expenditure spent on food prepared away from home. This substitution of money for time in food consumption can have detrimental effects on the nutrition of both adults and children in the family. In married-couple families, I find that the quality of food-intake falls with maternal employment in all subgroups studied, and that obesity sometimes, but not always, rises with maternal employment. In single-mother families, however, my results suggest a weaker association between maternal labor supply, quality of food intake, and obesity. Overall, my findings suggest that maternal employment can explain very little of the time trend increase in obesity.


We consider a nonlinear bouncing cart motion, controlled by reinforcement learning (RL) control. The learning algorithm consists of Q-learning and advantage updating (AU) to keep the cart within desired limits. Q-learning is a RL algorithm that applies "delayed reinforcement" and performs optimal actions to maximize return values whereby the system performance is evaluated. RL is also extended through the use of AU in continuous-time. AU is another RL algorithm that stores both value function and advantage function, representing an estimate of the degree to which the expected total discounted reinforcement is increased by performing action other than the action currently considered to be best.


Abstract The basic unit of any cognitive model that attempts to describe individual knowledge and its manifestations must be chosen carefully, as the resulting position on learning, teaching and, in general, of the psychological research subject depends largely on this choice. The objective is to assess and contrast two constructs of enormous significance in cognitive psychology that have been used as cognitive units under different theoretical contexts: the concept in its classical sense, and the scheme in its organismic version. Arguments are presented to show that the latter is more consistent with constructivist assumptions and is more respectful of psychological data such as the Gestalt and prototype effects or the existence of procedural and implicit knowledge.


The effective magnetic moments of small iron and cobalt clusters have been calculated by assuming that the clusters undergo superparamagnetic relaxation. The effective moments per atom are found to be much below the bulk values, even at low temperatures (100 K). They increase with particle size and the applied magnetic field, and are in good agreement with recent beam experiments on ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{\mathit{N}}$ and ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathit{N}}$ clusters. We also provide the first realistic estimates of the true magnetic moments in small ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathit{N}}$ clusters. The present studies cast doubt on the recent theoretical interpretation of the observed reduced magnetic moments in small clusters compared to bulk as being due to melting of surface spins.


Children's capacity to understand emotions and social intentions of others are associated with the quality of peer interactions. Nonsocial play behaviors during preschool years may be associated with difficulties in the development of emotional knowledge. This study aimed (1) to identify different profiles of social and nonsocial play behaviours in preschool children, and (2) to examine if emotional knowledge varies according to these profiles. 193 children, with a mean of 53.31 months of age, participated in the study. The Preschool Play Behaviour Scale in the Portuguese version was completed by teachers to indicate the children's social and nonsocial behaviors during play. Children's emotional knowledge was assessed with the Portuguese version of the Affect Knowledge Test. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three different profiles of children according to their social and nonsocial play behaviours: reticent, solitary-social and social. Solitary-social children were the most representative group of our sample. Reticent children presented lower scores of emotional knowledge when compared to social children. Our findings support the existence of different types of social and nonsocial behaviours during play and their relationship with emotional knowledge.


This paper presents the essential results of a more extensive investigation into the effects of adding hydrated lime to asphalt and aggregate mixes. Laboratory samples, designed and prepared with mixes of hydrated lime, aggregate, and asphalt, were used to monitor interactions among the various bituminous mixtures over time. The sample combinations were in compliance with a design comprising three asphalts (AC-10, AC-15, and AC-20), two aggregates (judged as good and poor performers by field experience), two sources of lime (Utah and South Dakota), and three concentrations of lime (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 percent). For each combination, 21 samples were prepared that allowed three test replications of each category of bituminous mixture to span seven age-test periods (24 hours, 10 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 2 years). Test samples were aged by exposure to the weather in Salt Lake City. Viscosity increased with age, with the rate of increase higher with the higher AC asphalts (However, increases for the AC-10 and AC-15 asphalts are approximately equal after 6 months to a year.), although viscosity was retarded in direct proportion to the amount of lime added, with mixes with relatively poor aggregates being affected most. Ductility values were approximately 44 percent higher for asphalts with lime added. Measurements of immersion compression (IC) indicate that the influence of aggregate type and concentrations of lime on IC has a much greater effect than the type of asphalt as type of lime used. In fact, the type of lime used seem to have little if any effect on mix properties. Overall, the tests revealed two potential benefits occurring with hydrated lime supplements: an increase of mix stability and a decrease in flow, as well as decreased hardening rates of the asphalt binder.


A promising approach to formal verification of real-time systems is to use timed automata to model systems, and then to check whether certain "unsafe" states are reachable. Although theoretically appealing, this approach has significant practical problems because it requires expensive computation of reachable states. Fortunately computing a superset of reachable states is sometimes much cheaper. Replacing the set of reachable states with its superset is a conservative approximation, in the sense that it can occasionally cause a correct system to be declared incorrect, but can never cause an incorrect system to be declared correct. We propose two algorithms for computing a superset of reachable states of a timed automaton. Both algorithms involve only manipulation of Boolean functions, which are used to represent both sets of discrete state components and timing information. The algorithms offer different trade-offs between accuracy of approximation and efficiency of computation. Initial experimental results show that they are competitive with the best published results, but that further improvements are necessary to scale up to realistic systems.


Personal Finance is a broad aspect in the world of finance whereby individuals or groups of persons come together to invest, that is, buy/sell in funds/shares to make profits with considerations of uncertainties (risks). Behavioural Finance is a branch of personal finance whereby individuals are driven by certain behavioural biases while making individual investment decisions which can be both positively/negatively impacted. In this scenario, in the form of audit research, the author has examined a report provided by major stakeholders, the Safaricom Co. Ltd and other subsidiaries such as Cooperative Bank of Kenya and Hazina Sacco Co. Ltd in comparison on how activities were carried out during a five and half years (January 2017-June 2022). The main objective was to establish effect of herding behavior marred with irregularities/illegalities of individual investors on individual investments decision at Safaricom Co. Ltd. Specific objectives: 1. To determine the effect of exaggeration on herding behavior marred with irregularities/illegalities of individual investors on individual investments decision at Safaricom Co. Ltd. 2. To establish the effect of assumption on herding behavior marred with irregularities/illegalities of individual investors on individual investments decision at Safaricom Co. Ltd. 3. To examine the effect of disposition on herding behavior marred with irregularities/illegalities of individual investors on individual investments decision at Safaricom Co. Ltd. 4. To explain the effect of manipulation on herding behavior marred with irregularities/illegalities of individual investors on individual investments decision at Safaricom Co. Ltd. 5. To determine the effect of repetition on   herding behavior marred with irregularities/illegalities of individual investors on individual investments decision at Safaricom Co. Ltd. Null Hypotheses tests were: HO1:- Exaggeration, HO2:- Assumption, HO3:- Disposition, HO4:- Manipulation, and HO5:- Repetition, all having no significant effect on herding behavior marred with irregularities/illegalities of individual investors on individual investments decision at Safaricom Co. Ltd. No much of Literature Review was carried out since research project was based on actual raw data provided by the concerned organizations. The target population sample was 337 individuals/transactions and receipts/payments marred with irregularities/illegalities of 2,936,323/1,755,044, respectively. For that fact, Cron Bach Alpha was determined by the average percentage of receipts and payments marred with irregularities/illegalities (74.04%, which is greater than 70%: the normal required %). Several tests were carried out, including central tendency (mean and standard deviation), hypothesis tests, simple regressions/multiple regressions, coefficient of correlations (between positive 1 and negative 1), variances in the determination of VIF (normal being less than 3), using tables and graphs for cross-tabulations. The results showed positive responses: that there was a significant level of herding behavior marred with irregularities/illegalities of individual investors individual investments decision at Safaricom Co. Ltd. All five factors:- exaggerations, assumptions, dispositions, manipulations, and repetitions were massively felt with marred irregularities and illegalities hence interested with the true position carried out during the period. Investigations are recommended to establish these kinds of massive transactions, which are marred with irregularities/ illegalities, and further research to be carried out on similar activities while individual investors are investing using individual investment decisions at NSE or any other Trading Bells Organizations.


An epidemiological investigation was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of anaplasmosis in cattle in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh, during the period of December 2013 to November 2014. During one year study period a total of 395 cattle were examined, and where 102 were found to be infected with Anaplasma spp. On Geimsa stained blood smear examination, it was observed that the overall prevalence of anaplasmosis in cattle was recorded as 25.82%. The effect of area, age, sex, breed and season was observed in cattle during this study. The highest prevalence (34.19%) was reported in the older cattle (> 3 years of age) and the prevalence was higher in female (28.88%) than male (19.20%). All crossbred cattle was showed higher prevalence than local cattle. The prevalence of anaplasmosis infection was noticed as the highest in the rainy season (30.68%) in relation to summer (27.50%) and winter (15.15%) season. From the study it was evident that cattle were infected with the organism and caused a serious economic loss which will assist to take necessary preventive interventions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v1i1.22370 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish. 1 (1): 97-103, Dec 2014


In the recent decades, rapid population growth has led to the significant increase in food demand. Food supply chain has always been one of the most important and challenging management issues. Product with short age, especially foodstuffs, is the most problematic challenges for supply chain management. These challenges are mainly due to the diversity in the number of these goods, the special need for tracking the flow of goods in the supply chain and the short age of products. Designing an appropriate supply chain network for the organization will increase profitability as well as customer satisfaction. It also helps organizations to achieve competitive advantage in market. In this research, a multi-objective planning model is presented in order to design a sustainable supply chain network. The first objective function minimizes costs, the second objective function minimizes network environmental impacts, the third objective function optimizes the productivity of facilities and the fourth objective function optimizes network social impacts. In this research, in order to deal with uncertainty, the robust optimization approach is implemented. Multi-criteria decision-making methods are also used to solve the multi-objective model.


(*) Ozone was generated using dielectric barrier discharges at atmospheric pressure to treat sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production. It was shown that interaction of ozone molecules with pretreatment reactor wall (stainless steel) need to be considered during bagasse oxidation in order to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency. The results have indicated that ozone decomposition has occurred more efficiently on the biomass material than on the reactor wall.


This paper investigates about the long term strength and durability properties of Alkali-Activated and Flyash based Geopolymer Concrete comparing with the conventional concrete of M40 grade. The Alkali activators are prepared by combining sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution in the ratio of 2.5 and molarities are 12M and 16M by varying two different curing regims namely dry curing and open air curing. Totally nine mixes were prepared with Naoh concentration of 12M and 16M was compares with two curing regims namely open air curing and dry curing . Split tensile strength, flexural strength and durability tests namely rapid chloride permeability tests (RCPT) and sorpitivity tests were conducted on 56 and 90 days. Compressive strength tests were carried out on 14, 28, 56 and 90 days. The investigation resulted that there is increase in strength characteristics with increase in concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and open air cured specimens gained more strength than dry cured specimens. However the sorptivity and rapid chloride permeability test results were not found to perform good due to cracking of surface. When compared with conventional concrete results the strength gained is more in AAS-FA based geopolymer concrete. Also the utilization in construction field is easy since it is Ecofriendly and convenient curing process.


Using databases of Admission to Higher Education in Chile in 2013, the behavior of components that have school career (NEM and Ranking) and PSU scores (Mathematics and Language) is analyzed based variables segmentation of socio applicants. But both factors in theory be aligned with the curriculum, scores report a reduced correlation between them. The aim is to explore and analyze the distribution of the scores obtained by the candidates in various selection factors based on their socioeconomic and educational characteristics, and the impact of incorporating the Ranking of Scores on diversification and inclusion of the population students annually participates in the selection process. School career components, especially Ranking establishing the relative position within their respective student accommodation have less biased and with a higher concentration toward higher scores compared to the PSU component distributions, and show less influenced by variables sociofamiliar or economic. Ranking as an expression of good school performance, effort and dedication to study by the student, compensates for unwanted selection bias doing more inclusive university choice, whose effects on the modification of the student profile selected will depend on the valuation assigned the university institution to the school career the detriment of traditional PSU component.


This article introduces the two exis ting types of controlling the amount of NOx emissions:the internal purification measure and t he external purification measure an d analyzes the causes of NOx emissions of the direct injection diesel engine a nd the advantages and disadvantages of various control measures.


Page 2451. It has come to our attention that the cluster densities are miscalculated in Figure 4b and the corresponding text due to miscalculation of the nucleus areas. The correct nucleus areas should all be multiplied by 25, so according to the definition of cluster density (cluster number divided by nucleus area), the cluster density should all be divided by 25 (Y-axis values of Figure 4b should be divided by 25). Page 2451, column 2, line 6. The text reads as follows: "As shown in Figure 4b, the Pol II cluster density in serumstimulated cells (31.4 ± 1.5 μm−2, N = 2519 clusters, n = 10 cells) is significantly higher than that in normal cells (26.1 ± 3.7 μm−2, N = 3255 clusters, n = 10 cells) and DRB/ActD treated cells (24.6 ± 4.4 μm−2, N = 2488 clusters, n = 10 DRB treated cells and 24.8 ± 5.3 μm−2, N = 2553 clusters, n = 10 ActD treated cells, respectively), while no significant difference is observed between normal and DRB/ActD treated cells." It should be replaced with the following: "As shown in Figure 4b, the Pol II cluster density in serumstimulated cells (1.25 ± 0.07 μm−2, N = 2519 clusters, n = 10 cells) is significantly higher than that in normal cells (1.04 ± 0.15 μm−2, N = 3255 clusters, n = 10 cells) and DRB/ActD treated cells (0.98 ± 0.17 μm−2, N = 2488 clusters, n = 10 DRB treated cells and 0.97 ± 0.21 μm−2, N = 2553 clusters, n = 10 ActD treated cells, respectively), while no significant difference is observed between normal and DRB/ActD treated cells." These miscalculated cluster densities neither impact our analysis nor change any of the conclusions of the paper. However, we would like to submit the attached revised Figure 4b and text with corrected cluster densities. We sincerely apologize for any confusion and inconvenience this error may have caused.


The spatial characteristic of color assimilation with a grating was investigated in terms of the perceptual size. Strength of assimilation was assessed on color gratings at several vergence angles without changing the retinal size. The perceived size of the grating was also measured as a function of the vergence angle. Our results showed that the strength of color assimilation was modulated by perceived size. At a larger vergence angle, the perceived size becomes smaller and the appearance of color stripes shifts toward a spatially averaged color, despite no change in retinal size. This spatial characteristic cannot be explained by any retinal processes, suggesting cortical processes of color assimilation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 187–195, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20005


Using of category theory in computer science has extremely growth in the last decade. Categories allow to express mathematical structures in unified way. In this paper we formulate two ways of expressing algebras in categories and we construct the codomain functor from the arrow category of algebras into the base category for expressing the relation between algebras and carrier-sets.


Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common occupational diseases. It can cause pain and dysfunction of routine functioning of back/neck/limbs. MSDs can amount to loss of working period, increased labor costs, and human injuries. Unhealthy postures while working are the cause of MSDs among dentists. Ergonomics is an applied science concerned with improving productivity and safety and not just preventing work-related MSDs. Ergonomics ensure optimal working conditions along with physical and psychological comfort throughout the execution of the clinical acts.


Background: The Quadriceps angle (Q-angle) is defined as the angle formed between the longitudinal axis of the femur representing the pull of the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. Materials and Methods: This study comprises of 90 male and 100 female adult Nigerian population of Urhobo ethnicity between the age range of 19-32 years, measurements were taken from healthy individuals with no previous history of musculoskeletal disorder to establish a standard value. The Q-angle was taken using a goniometer with the subject standing on a weight bearing position. Results: Results show that in the male subject the Q-angles were 12.92 + 1.320 and 12.27 + 1.480 for the right and left lower limb, while the female Q-angle was 16.93 + 1.350 and 16.30 + 1.200 for the right and left limb respectively. Further analysis reveals that the right Q-angle is higher than the left (P < 0.05) for both gender with the female Q-angle being slightly higher than the male (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The result obtained showed difference in the values of the left Q-angle for both gender when compared with the other indigenous research on this subject suggesting there is difference in the Q-angle values across the various ethnic groups in Nigeria.