From the perspective of positive psychology,mental health education in primary and middle schools needs perfective goals and contents,teachers' positive attitude and faith,and different ways of positive mental health education.It also demands much attention to students' potential exploration,self-help mental health education,special students' mental health,and infiltration of positive psychology in psychological counseling,apart from the combination of advantage-guided thinking and dialectival thinking,consideration of both active development and problem settlement.In addition,it is necessary not only to offer the activity curriculum and make good use of network information and technology,but also to enforce the research and construct the positive social support system.


national laboratory engaged in high energy physics research. The LHC was launched in 1996, with an anticipated completion time of about ten years. Its initial goal is to produce proton–proton collisions with a centre of mass energy of 14 TeV, to be followed by collisions between lead nuclei involving a centre of mass energy of 1150 TeV. These experiments are meant to search for the Higgs boson, investigate basic constituents of matter as well as origin of matter –antimatter asymmetry, study the quark–gluon plasma state of matter that prevailed at the beginning of universe, etc. Different experimental st ations equipped with a wide array of d etectors, and a host of laboratories around the world are involved in these efforts. All physics studies will be carried out via four 'collision points' equipped with large detector set-ups. These are CMS, ALICE, ATLAS and LHCb and will give scientists a peek into a totally unexplored micro-cosmic world. Indian scientists are taking part in the first two of these four detector set-ups. The coordination among scores of research laboratories spread all over the globe that are participating in these efforts is rema rkable. This note covers the Indian contribution related to construction of the LHC only. We do not discuss any of the aspects which are co nnected with the physics, experimental stations or detector fabrication activities, which will be covered later in se parate articles.


P. eryngii var. ferulae which is known very well in Eastern Anatolia Region and picked up from the nature in spring months is sold by the side of the roads and in neighbour markets with the name of '' casir, caksir, casur, heliz, kirkor, gobek, gobelek and mendik'' mushroom. As a member of Apiaceae family; Ferulae sp. that preads at the slope of the mountains, grows up naturally on the roots of its species that remained from the previous year especially at the altitude of 1000-2500 meters on high mountains. It is known that local people has benefited from the natural products special to periodic times. It is seen that it is not benefited from alternative natural nourishment resources like cultuire vegetables and fruit with their important features and effective nutritive value. In our opinion, this article will be useful for mentioning the importance of the mushroom beside the vegetables and fruits which are vital for our life. It will be useful to expose the medical features, nourishment content and effective nutritive valu and effective nutritious features of mushroom. Furthermore, It is determined that it is necessary to describe P. eryngii and its similarities with the identification of scientific facts as species, subspecies, variety, taxa or synonym in our country.


For a compound Poisson process (CPP) with only positive jumps, an elegant formula connects the density of the hitting time for a lower straight line with that of the process itself at time t, h(x; t), considered as a function of time and position jointly. We prove an analogous (albeit more complicated) result for the first time the CPP crosses an upper straight line. We also consider the conditional density of the CPP at time t, given that the upper line has not been reached before t. Finally, it is shown how to compute certain moment integrals of h.


The following paper deals with the question how the Reichsvolksschulgesetz influenced and changed the Austrian primary school system. Therefore, parts of the law are analysed on their purpose and on how they were implemented. This paper also examines the influences that this law had on educational opportunities for girls. It will be shown that an equality of genders has not been the purpose of the Reichsvolksschulgesetz.


An ultra-thin reconfigurable absorber concept based on metasurfaces is presented. First, an artificial magnetic conducting (AMC) metasurface absorber is examined that incorporates lumped resistors along with variable lumped capacitors, which allow its frequency response to be tuned. The parasitic effects introduced by the lumped capacitors are compensated by adding resistors whose values are determined using an optimization algorithm known as the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES). Second, the feasibility of achieving broadband absorption using frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) comprised of square loops is examined. Such a structure offers greater tunability, and thus wideband absorption can be achieved. First, an absorber that utilizes an FSS comprised by two square loops along with lumped resistors is studied and its wideband absorption properties are demonstrated. Second, an absorber that incorporates a resistive frequency selective surface comprised by four square loops and a center patch is presented.


The growth of Cd1-xMnxTe multilayered structures was made by ICB deposition technique, and their magneto-optical properties were investigated. From the results of X-ray diffraction measurements it was found that the films had a periodical structure. The dispersion peak of the Faraday rotation for the well layer shifts toward higher photon energy and becomes higher with decreasing well width. This is explained by the quantum effect of the confinement of electrons in the well layer.


The reproducibility of clinical trial results is of major importance in nutrition research. Variability in the results of apparently similar dietary studies has been previously reported, due to differences in study design, assessment methods, participants' background diet and inter-individual variability. However, comparisons of identical dietary interventions performed in the same participants, which will control for some of the mentioned variability, are rare. This study aims to assess the reproducibility of an identical dietary intervention (Reading, Imperial, Surrey Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention study 1 and 2, RISSCI-1 and RISSCI-2) performed on two occasions, on the outcomes of fasted lipids. In RISSCI-1, healthy male participants (48±11 y; 25±3 kg/m2), recruited at the Universities of Reading and Surrey, were asked to follow a high saturated fatty acid diet (SFA) (18% total energy) followed by a lower SFA diet (10% total energy), each for 4 weeks. The diets were isoenergetic and dietary SFA was replaced with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) using a food exchange model. The 8-week sequential, non-randomised study, included three visits; visit 1 as a baseline, and visits 2 and 3 after the high and the lower SFA diet, respectively. Thirty-six volunteers were selected to run the same dietary intervention (RISSCI-2). A General Linear Mixed Model was performed using the Mixed Procedure in SAS® (Proc Mixed) to explore the reproducibility of the intervention. The change in serum lipids (total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerol) between the high and the lower SFA diet was used as the outcome measure and the change between the baseline and the high SFA diet as a covariate. The study, categorical variable (RISSCI-1, RISSCI-2), was used as a fixed effect. Subjects nested within the study centre (Reading, Surrey) were used as random effects. Comparisons between the high and the lower SFA diet were also performed using a paired t-test. There is no evidence to demonstrate that the responsiveness of the fasting lipids to the replacement of dietary SFAs with UFAs performed on two occasions (RISSCI-1 and 2), was significantly different (TC (P = 0.992), LDL-C (P = 0.545), HDL-C (P = 0.724) and triacylglycerol (P = 0.272)). Replacement of dietary SFAs with UFAs reduced TC by 12.6% in RISSCI-1 and by 12% in RISSCI-2 (mean differences ± SD, 0.66±0.50 and 0.61±0.57 mmol/L respectively, P < 0.001). Similarly, LDL-C reduced by 16.8% and 15.6% respectively (mean differences ± SD, 0.55±0.42 and 0.49±0.45 mmol/L respectively, P < 0.001). HDL-C reduced by 6.4% and 4.7%, respectively (mean differences ± SD, 0.095±0.13 and 0.065±0.14 mmol/L, respectively, P < 0.001). This preliminary analysis indicates that responsiveness of the fasting lipid profile to the replacement of SFAs with UFAs was similar for RISSCI-1 and 2. Reproducibility in response to dietary interventions is important in determining the efficacy of public dietary recommendations.


A low cost external (case-like) air bag mechanism is proposed for protection of expensive fragile smartphones from severe hardware damage. This external helping mechanism is constructed by utilizing inbuilt accelerometer of a mobile phone interfaced with its internal microcontroller. A critical acceleration will be detected by the internal gyroscope of a phone, detecting free fall. Micro sharp sensors (External to the mobile, connected via Bluetooth to the internal microcontroller) are used to confirm the free fall of the device by calculating distance from the surface. This in turn will send an interrupt to the microcontroller and the cartridge (also external to the phone connected via Bluetooth) containing NaN3 (Sodium Nitrite), KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate) and SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) will get stimulated and there is a chemical reaction between the three constituents. Inflating the external air bag present in the case-like structure and thus preventing direct contact of the mobile phone with hard surface. Fast and reliable responses, low power consumption are other attractive features of the proposed mobile white knight. The device will be incorporated as a mobile cover.


Abstract—The electric power available from the fair-weather field of the atmosphere is calculated by means of a Thevenin equivalent circuit. The maximum availablepower delivered to a load resistor directly connected to the ionosphere is on the order of te ns of megawatts. For a collecting electrode at a lower elevation, the open-circuit voltage and shortcircuit current are determined by the electric fields and current densities at that height, and also by t he size of the collector. With current technology, the available power will be no larger than a few watt s, and only a few applications seem worthwhile.


The article tells how the analysis of drug prices is performed for the purpose of implementation of the federal initiative aimed at provision with medicines of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan. Modern information technology is used in the analysis in order to reduce human workload.


Abstract Scouting techniques combining rapid counting methods must be developed to help growers with immediate decision making in integrated pest management programs. We evaluated a method for estimating densities of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), one of the most damaging insect pests of greenhouse cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., and rose, Rosa × hybrida crops in southeastern France. This method is based on abundance classes of thrips observed on sampling units of flowers and foliage during a period of <1 min. Classes were calibrated using actual counts, and precision was improved by introducing additional predictive variables into multivariate nonparametric regression models. Regression models using infestation variables with and without climatic variables significantly increased calibration precision and made possible the accurate description of population dynamics. Rapid visual scouting methods could be combined for surveys of different pests and diseases. When calibrated, they provide growers or technicians with accurate tools guiding crop protection decisions.


At the present time there is no doubt that the Sun is moving through a warm (∼6500 K) and partly ionized local interstellar cloud (LIC) with a velocity of ∼26 km/s. The charged component of the interstellar medium interacts with the solar wind (SW), forming the heliospheric interface. Following the discussion of the first pioneering models of the SW/LIC interaction region in Chapters 2 and 3 of this volume, this Chapter reviews the current state of the art in modelling the heliospheric interface. Both the solar wind and interstellar gases have a multi-component nature that creates a complex behaviour of the interaction region. Modern models of the interface take into account the solar wind and the interstellar plasma components (protons, electrons, pickup ions, interstellar helium ions, and solar wind alpha particles), the interstellar neutral component (H atoms), interstellar and heliospheric magnetic fields, galactic and anomalous cosmic rays, and latitudinal and solar cycle variations of the solar wind. The predictions of self-consistent, timedependent, and kinetic/gas-dynamic models of the heliospheric interface are confirmed by available experimental data from remote diagnostic and in-situ spacecraft measurements of backscattered solar Lyman-α radiation, the heliospheric absorption of stellar light, the flux of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs), heliospheric neutral atoms (ENAs) and pickup ions, and of the deceleration of the solar wind at large heliocentric distances by the Voyager 1/2 and Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft investigating the outer regions of the Solar System. in The Physics of the Heliospheric Boundaries, V. Izmodenov and R. Kallenbach (eds.), ISSI Scientific Report No. 5, pp. 67–135, ESA-ESTEC, Paris 2006 68 4. Modern Multi-component Models


Recent studies have revealed that chronic pain is a devastating and widespread problem. In Europe nearly one in five adults (19%) suffers from chronic pain [1]. In a recent study of the American Institute of Medicine [2], chronic pain was found to affect at least 116 million American adults. Chronic pain can be defined as unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage, that despite treatment persists for months or years beyond the expected recovery period [3]. Two-thirds of the chronic pain sufferers experience moderate pain, while one-third experience severe pain (as rated on a 1-10 scale). The most common source of pain reported by chronic pain sufferers is the back (24%), and the most common cause is arthritis/osteoarthrtitis (35%). Chronic pain seems to be a long-term problem with people suffering on average seven years, but 21% suffers for 20 years or more [1].


To understand a bicyclist's route choice is difficult, given the many factors that influence the attractiveness of different routes. The advent of low-cost GPS devices has made route choice analysis more precise. Bikeshare, with instrumented bikes, allows for better assessment of revealed route preference of a large subpopulation of cyclists. This study used GPS data obtained from 9,101 trips made by 1,866 users of Grid Bikeshare, Phoenix, Arizona. This unique bikeshare system relied on Social Bicycles' onboard telematics, which allowed nonstation origins and destinations, and operated on a grid street network. The system enabled unique route choice analysis. The trips studied included only direct utilitarian trips. Circuitous trips that could have included multiple destinations or could have been recreational trips were removed. The analysis focused on facility use assessment and route choice behavior. The results were compared between two categories of bikeshare users: registered users and casual users. Registered users made shorter trips on roads with low volume and preferred bike-specific infrastructure. A path size logit model was used to model route choice. Riders were sensitive to travel distance, with little deviation from the shortest path to use more bike-friendly infrastructure. Travel on the bike-specific facilities was equivalent to a decrease in distance by 44.9% (compared with 53.3% for casual users). Left turns imposed higher disutility than right turns did for casual users. The proportion of one-way segments, annual average daily traffic values, and length of trip had a negative influence on route choice, and a number of signalized intersections had a positive influence on route selection. The results were also compared with those of earlier studies.


The invention relates to intelligent monitoring method and device of the connecting strip resistance and the battery internal resistance of a battery pack, belonging to the field of battery tests and aiming at solving the technical defects that the traditional monitoring method can not monitor the connecting strip resistance and has low monitoring accuracy and large error of the battery internal resistance. In the invention, the voltages of each battery internal resistance and the connecting strip resistance of the battery pack are directly measured by adopting a high-voltage optical relay asthe switching of a front-end sampling input, therefore, the high-accuracy acquisition and sampling is realized by matching with double high-accuracy analog-to-digital conversion circuits; and the connecting strip resistance and the battery internal resistance are measure, and the acquired data is also processed by adopting distributed control and a hardware framework of a data processing unit, therefore, a multitask real-time processing function is realized. The intelligent monitoring method and device can not only be used for accurately monitoring the battery internal resistance, but also beused for monitoring the connecting strip resistance, and have high monitoring accuracy.


Graphical information is more helpful for users to understand software structures than textual information. Even when the information is represented with textual form, some arrangements among a lot of information are desired. We propose that visualization is a way to display information to the user with graphical expressions. There could be a lot of objects for visualization, for example, the program language itself (on visual programming language [Grafton 85]), And pictures of the result of visualization have levels of abstraction along the development of programs, from the user requirement level to the machine instruction level. When we debug or check a program, it is useful to visualize both behaviors and structures of the program with an abstraction level of the programming language. Using an animation of pictures, some concurrent behaviors of the program can be easily understood. Our program design visualization system targets mainly the object-oriented program itself (a ESP [Chikayama 84] program), and our objects are both a structure of the program and its behavior. We want to use the diagrams which were used in the functional specification of the program as user model. So we assume that the diagrams have some correspondence with the structure and execution of the program, and the correspondences are given as knowledge. Our system provides animation using figures at a functional specification level, which is helpful to check the consistency between the design and the program behavior. The system supports hierarchical views and static and dynamic multidimensional views of program; these facilities are useful to understand a lot of the program behaviors. We suggest that our system is able to be extended for concurrent object-oriented programs.


Abstract This article will briefly review research conducted into Lukan pneumatology and angelology, before surveying the various ways in which angels are presented and promoted in Luke-Acts. This will be followed by a particular comparison between the role of angels and certain roles of the Spirit in Luke- Acts, considering first the similarities, and their potential consequences, and then the differences. This comparison will be conducted to clarify the extent to which Luke confuses or distinguishes the two. Finally, implications of the findings will be considered.


The internal friction of deformed (e ≤ 2.5 %) CuAl single crystals (0.07 to 0.8 at % Al) was investigated in the temperature range 100 - 650 K at 90 Kc. Two small peaks and a larger one were observed below and just above room temperature. Their peak temperatures depended systematically on the Al content and slightly on the degree of deformation. The height of the smaller peaks was very sensitive to the thermal treatment of the specimens. These dependencies can be explained within the framework of the Labusch-Haasen theory if one assumes an interaction between dislocations and Al-atoms and Al-vacancy complexes, respectively, for the small peaks. An interaction energy of about 0.6 eV is derived in the former case.


With the steady increase in investments in the electricity sector, international initiatives have emerged for the introduction of wind turbines in offshore environments. In Brazil, three distinct initiatives have been articulated for the construction of marine wind farms. It is estimated that different social impacts will arise involving coastal populations making use of nearby ocean and maritime resources. The objective of the research was to analyze, in a participatory manner, the introduction of an offshore wind farm project in coastal waters of the west coast of Ceara, Brazil. It was used the elaboration of SWOT Analysis with the fishermen of the communities near the project, as a tool for the local participative diagnosis. 36 Strengths, 27 Weaknesses, 20 Opportunities and 13 Threats were indicated. It was possible to understand that ensuring social inclusion promotes considerable gains. Effective public engagement should follow methods thatallow the relevant information to be transparent to residents, promoting fluid and didactic discussions and decision-making in a participatory manner, ensuring dialogue between entrepreneurs, the state and affected communities.
Keywords: offshore wind farm, SWOT Analysis, social impact assessment, public participation.


This study is to seek the correlations between design intentions and building envelopes in contemporary architecture buildings by investigating the key words of intention and envelope. Building cases are limited to 208 printed in architecture magazine PLUS from 2007 to 2009, and focused on the housing, office, exhibition and education building. Firstly, design intention shows the four strands of outer revelation-oriented and inner mind-oriented, nature-oriented and function-oriented, which are representing the differentiation of individuality and identity and are shown slightly different. Secondly, housing mainly show the design intention of inner mind, nature and outer revelation, while office, exhibition and education building chiefly show the design intention of outer revelation, publicity and land mark. Thirdly, building envelopes appear to be from simple and clear facade to non-linear and twisted surface and form corresponding to design intention. And building materials show more transformed matter than original matter in exposed concrete and metal sheet to represent the design intention for differentiation. Concludingly architectural design trends change from function and context towards visualization and differentiation of identity, individuality and speciality, so building materials and envelopes continue to be developed and searched to show the difference.


This paper examines the CO2 emissions from energy consumption in China's transport sector, conducting an empirical investigation into the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of transport CO2 emissions. This study, which is based on province-level panel data covering the 30 provincial regions during the period 2001-2016, used the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and the extended STIRPAT model (examined by the method of system-generalized method of moments (Sys-GMM) regression). The results indicated that the amount of CO2 emissions in China's transport sector has increased steadily during the observation period, but there was a noticeable disparity across the provinces and regions. From the perspective of spatial dimension, the spatial agglomeration characteristics of provincial transport CO2 emissions tended to be strengthened, and the pattern evolutions of spatial distribution presented a path-dependence effect to some extent. The scale of population was found to be the most important influencing factor of transport CO2 emissions, and followed by the per-capita GDP. Further, the improvement of energy efficiency was the key factor to controlling transport CO2 emissions. Compared to freight transportation, passenger transportation was more important in transport CO2 emissions reduction due to its lower efficiency of energy utilization and rapid growth. Meanwhile, electrification played an important inhibitory effect on transport CO2 emissions because of its high fuel efficiency and less pollution. Importantly, we could not support the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in China's transport sector during the observation period, which describes the relationship between the environmental pressures and economic development. These findings contain some meaningful implications for policy makers: confirm the priority transport CO2 emissions reduction areas, improve transport energy *e-mail: email@example.com DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/102369 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: 2019-08-09


The morphological characters, physiological characters, yield traits and yield per plant of total 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia were investigated under conditions of water stress and non-water stress so as to determine the relationship between each trait and yield per plant under water stress and the relationship between each relative character and drought resistance coefficient under water stress and non-water stress. The correlation, grey correlation, stepwise regression and path analyses showed that the tiller number per plant, plant height, grain density, effective panicle number per plant and grain number per panicle, total 5 traits, were significantly correlated with the drought resistance of rice, and they could be used to identify the drought resistance of rice in Ningxia. In addition, the drought resistance of rice was graded qualitatively according to the subordinate function value of corresponding drought resistance coefficient. The results showed that among the 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia,6 rice cultivars were highly drought resistant, and 9 rice cultivars were moderately drought resistant, suggesting that the evaluation method was feasible and effective.


This paper presents a single-phase five-level grid-connected PV inverter with a novel dual reference modulation technique. Two reference signals identical to each other with an offset equivalent to the amplitude of the triangular carrier signal were used to generate PWM signals. The inverter consists of a full-bridge inverter and an auxiliary circuit comprising four diodes and a switch. The inverter produces output voltage in five levels: zero, +1/2Vdc, Vdc, −1/2Vdc and −Vdc. A digital PI current control algorithm is implemented in DSP TMS320F2812 to keep the current injected into the grid sinusoidal and to have high dynamic performance with low THD. The validity of the proposed inverter is verified through simulation and implemented in a prototype. The experimental results are compared with conventional single-phase three-level grid-connected PWM inverter in terms of THD.


Conventional centralised deep learning paradigms are not feasible when data from different sources cannot be shared due to data privacy or transmission limitation. To resolve this problem, federated learning has been introduced to transfer knowledge across multiple sources (clients) with non-shared data while optimising a globally generalised central model (server). Existing federated learning paradigms mostly focus on transferring holistic high-level knowledge (such as class) across models, which are closely related to specific objects of interest so may suffer from inverse attack. In contrast, in this work, we consider transferring mid-level semantic knowl- edge (such as attribute) which is not sensitive to specific objects of interest and therefore is more privacy-preserving and scalable. To this end, we formulate a new Federated Zero-Shot Learning (FZSL) paradigm to learn mid-level seman- tic knowledge at multiple local clients with non-shared local data and cumulatively aggregate a globally generalised cen- tral model for deployment. To improve model discriminative ability, we propose to explore semantic knowledge augmen- tation from external knowledge for enriching the mid-level semantic space in FZSL. Extensive experiments on five zero- shot learning benchmark datasets validate the effectiveness of our approach for optimising a generalisable federated learn- ing model with mid-level semantic knowledge transfer.


Abstract This one British thing, the baby gas mask, helps us understand the normalization of total war in modern Britain.


The application of organo-bromine microbicide made in china in papermaking systems were introduced.The application results indicated that the Chinese-made microbicide was effective even at low concentrations or addition levels.It was not only effective against bacteria,but also have the advantages of low cost.


Unsupervised anomaly detection is a very important problem due to its wide applications in many systems such as the network communication system, the Internet of Things, and the ICS system. Interpretable modeling of heterogeneous data channels is also essential in anomaly detection, due to the intrinsic multi-modality in multi-channel multi-dimension data. Some existing works use variational autoencoder (VAE) for anomaly detection with a single Gaussian distribution model. However, these VAE can not learn the complex distribution between features, and hence cannot make accurate detections. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we propose a multi-channel VAE model to jointly account for latent relationships across multiple channels. Moreover, we explore the training loss function combining the reconstruction loss of each channel. We also explore the test loss combining the reconstruction probability and reconstruction ratio between global channel information and each channel information. The proposed detector reports an anomaly when the test loss is below a certain threshold. We conduct extensive simulations on a real world dataset and find that our proposed scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art anomaly detection schemes compared with existing methods.


Abstract. This paper describes a biomedical signal processing (BSP) toolbox for the analysis of physiologic signals. The BSP toolbox is designed to enable researchers to conduct preliminary analysis of physiologic time series, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), intracranial pressure (ICP), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ). The toolbox includes detection algorithms for the ECG and pressure waveforms, spectral analysis, nonlinear filtering, multi-signal analysis, and nonstationary signal visualization. The following sections discuss the functionality of this toolbox and provide examples of its application. 1 Introduction As the cost of computation continues to decrease, biomedical signal processing algorithms are becoming more sophisticated. Most of these algorithms are designed to extract information from signals that is not apparent from visual inspection of the signal alone. Developers of these algorithms rely largely on proven methods of time series analysis and signal processing to serve as building blocks for these advanced algorithms. We suggest that biomedical signal processing algorithms require additional tools that address the unique nature of physiologic signals such as nonstationarities, event detection, and large-amplitude disturbances. We have designed a BSP toolbox that enables algorithm developers and applied researchers to conduct preliminary research and extract fundamental features from physiologic signals. The toolbox includes QRS complex detection, pressure signal component detection, spectral analysis, multi-signal analysis, nonlinear filtering and non-stationary signal visualization. This M


Traditional researches are made on the assumption that the relationship between corporate value and investment is a linear function. However,this paper testifies that the relationship is high order nonlinear function through empirical study. To Chinese listed companies,if the investment level is less than 14.2 percent,the corporate value increases with the investment. If the investment level is between 14.2% and 69.31%,the value decreases with investment increasingly. If the investment level is more than 69.31%,the corporate value increases with investment. Further study shows that the direct reason of overinvestment is the existence of investing resources of companies.


Magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) has been widely used for detecting some hidden ferromagnetic objects. Orthonormal basis function (OBFs) detector is one of the most popular methods of MAD. The OBFs detector works effectively under white Gaussian noise. However, the practical geomagnetic noise is colored noise with a power spectral density of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 \mathord {\left /{ {\vphantom {1~f^{\alpha }}} }\right. } f^{\alpha }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is frequency and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is noise exponent), and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is usually very low. In order to improve magnetic anomaly detection performance in the case of colored noise and low SNR, a novel detection method by using full connected neural network (FCN) is proposed in the paper. Firstly, the detector based on FCN is designed and two kinds of features that include the signal's statistical property and the magnetic moment's characteristics of the target are extracted and used as the input of neural network; Then, the optimal network structure with proper number of layers and nodes is obtained; Finally, the detection performance of the detector under different SNRs and orientations of target's magnetic moment is evaluated. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance and achieves an incremental detection probability of about 5% to 40% under colored Gaussian noise with different noise exponent than traditional method. In the end, experiments under real geomagnetic noise also verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Abstract. Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis) is listed as a species of conservation concern throughout its range and therefore an important candidate for demographic studies. We estimated probabilities of males' annual survival by monitoring a large color-marked population for 4 years by using a combination of (1) mark-resighting within a primary study area and (2) surveys outside the primary area to document emigration. We used multi-strata models to assess probabilities of survival, detection, and movement between the primary study area and the surrounding landscape. In the top models included in our confidence set, probabilities of annual survival were ≥0.68. Probabilities of detection and dispersal varied among the top models but averaged ≥0.86 and ≤0.14, respectively, for individuals in the primary study area. We used a survival probability of 0.68 in combination with published information on the species' productivity to construct a two-stage Leslie matrix. Survival of adult males had the greatest proportional influence on population projections (elasticity = 0.52), while survival of juveniles and annual productivity had equal influence (elasticities = 0.24). Our results suggest that off-plot surveys and multistrata models provide an efficient method for estimating probabilities of survival of Bachman's Sparrow.


The Adult Learners' Lives project is based at Lancaster University Literacy Research Centre in the UK. Launched in September 2002, it studies people's uses of language, literacy and numeracy at home, in the community and at work, their reasons for attending and continuing to attend classes, their perceptions of what they are learning and of how useful it is to them. It involves a detailed longitudinal study of learners' lives in order to understand the connections that adults make between learning and their everyday lives. This interim report covers activities from the first year of the project at the three case study sites of Blackburn, Lancaster and Liverpool, including negotiating access to the sites and establishing the relationships for the research. The report presents the data that has been collected in the three sites and the initial data analysis. It also describes the Teacher-Researcher program, which has been a key element of the project, along with initial reports of the six projects, covering literacy, numeracy and English for speakers of other languages (ESOL), which the teacher-researchers have been carrying out. Summaries of the literature reviews of topics undertaken in the early stages of the project are provided. The report also discusses the overall themes emerging from the first year of the research, the approach to making an impact on policy and practice, and future plans. Some initial findings from the research are that: relationships are important to learning; health is often a barrier to learning; there is a complex relationship between teaching and learning; and involving teachers in research projects can have considerable impact on their professional development, the culture of their workplaces and on regional networks.


There has been significant progress in the field of compressive sensing (CS) and its applications in various fields in recent years. Here, we have developed a CS-based active imaging system that does not require a pixelated array detector but instead uses a transmissive spatial light modulator as a programmable coded mask. Single-pixel cameras (SPCs) have many applications in fields such as terahertz (THz) and infrared (IR) imaging. With an increase in the number of pixels, array detectors can become expensive, especially in the THz and IR regimes. In this article, we have explored the concept of active illumination, which could be helpful in developing SPCs. The article focuses on the development of an active SPC, and the analysis of how coded masks affect the quality of the reconstructed image.


In this paper we present a CAD tool capable of generating a variety of parallel prefix adders described in the VHDL language. The VHDL code generated by the tool is synthesizable and the resulting adders can be used as design components in an automatic or semi-custom design flow. In its current version the tool is able to generate arbitrary bit-size prefix adders of the following types: Sklansky, Ladner-Fischer, Kogge-Stone, Han-Carlson, Brent-Kung and Knowles.


The surveillance application aims at improving the quality of technology via modelling human expert behaviour in the coking plant Mittal Steel Ostrava, the Czech Republic. Video data on several industrial processes are captured by means of a CCD camera and classified by using Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) with the respect to etalons classified by an expert. We also investigate the possibility to combine LSI with color histogram analysis, using experience from our prior research on web image classification.


This paper explores dynamics of formalization and informalization as interlinked social processes as a contribution to a critical understanding of rule of law capacity building programs in the framework of EU enlargement policy. It also challenges the assumption according to which informality would be a modality characteristic of countries of the "Global South".


The construction characteristics and quality control measures of waterborne coatings processes on the tractors chassis were introduced according to the development general situation of waterborne coatings and the application situation on the big tractors chassis in our company.


Laboratory instruction in first year college chemistry courses has undergone change in recent years. Among the new emphases at some institutions is increasing usage of modern instrumentation, both instruments of low cost purchased in quantity and single copies of high cost instruments. Not all educators believe the more advanced instruments are suitable for first year use. In this article, the arguments for and against use of advanced instruments in introductory courses are presented and discussed.


Simple Summary Since prostate MRI is increasingly applied and yet limited by long acquisition times, we prospectively investigated the performance of a novel reconstruction algorithm combining compressed sensing, parallel imaging and deep learning (C-SENSE AI) in patients with histologically proven prostate cancer. Highly accelerated T2w images were compared to clinical standard-of-reference T2w images. C-SENSE AI enabled a 58% acceleration in T2w imaging of the prostate while obtaining significantly better image quality and tumor detection. C-SENSE AI seems particularly interesting in view of the need for accelerated prostate MRI (e.g., in screening protocols) with preserved high image quality. Abstract Background: To assess the performance of prospectively accelerated and deep learning (DL) reconstructed T2-weighted (T2w) imaging in volunteers and patients with histologically proven prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Prospectively undersampled T2w datasets were acquired with acceleration factors of 1.7 (reference), 3.4 and 4.8 in 10 healthy volunteers and 23 patients with histologically proven PCa. Image reconstructions using compressed SENSE (C-SENSE) and a combination of C-SENSE and DL-based artificial intelligence (C-SENSE AI) were analyzed. Qualitative image comparison was performed using a 6-point Likert scale (overall image quality, noise, motion artifacts, lesion detection, diagnostic certainty); the T2 and PI-RADS scores were compared between the two reconstructions. Additionally, quantitative image parameters were assessed (apparent SNR, apparent CNR, lesion size, line profiles). Results: All C-SENSE AI-reconstructed images received a significantly higher qualitative rating compared to the C-SENSE standard images. Analysis of the quantitative parameters supported this finding, with significantly higher aSNR and aCNR. The line profiles demonstrated a significantly steeper signal change at the border of the prostatic lesion and the adjacent normal tissue in the C-SENSE AI-reconstructed images, whereas the T2 and PI-RADS scores as well as the lesion size did not differ. Conclusion: In this prospective study, we demonstrated the clinical feasibility of a novel C-SENSE AI reconstruction enabling a 58% acceleration in T2w imaging of the prostate while obtaining significantly better image quality.


Abstract. One of the critical limitations of previous research on the association between problematic use of media and psychological factors is that the proposed causality between them is mostly based on cross-sectional data. Responding to this limitation, the present study investigated longitudinal causality associations among loneliness, problematic use of smartphones, face-to-face interaction, smartphone-mediated communication, and need for social assurance with cross-lagged panel models. The results suggest that loneliness leads to problematic use of smartphones, which reduces face-to-face interaction while increasing need for social assurance. However, need for social assurance fueled by excessive smartphone use is usually not gratified, and eventually leads to greater loneliness.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the pattern and profile of Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) in paediatric patients (age 1 day to 18 years) presenting to a paediatric tertiary referral centre and its correlation to risk adjustment for surgery for congenital heart disease.

STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive case series.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Paediatric Cardiology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi (AFIC/NIHD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Over a period of 6 months, 1149 cases underwent 2-D echocardiography. It was a non-probability purposive sampling.

RESULTS
This study showed 25% of all referrals had normal hearts. A male preponderance (38%) was observed from 1 year to 5 years age group. Nineteen percent of the cases were categorized as cyanotic CHD with the remaining as acyanotic variety. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) represented 10%, Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD) 24%, followed by Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) and Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), which comprised 6.6% and 6.5% respectively. VSD was the most common association in patients with more complex CHD (10%) followed by PDA in 3% and ASD in 1.2% of the cases. Most of the cases were category 2 in the RACHS-1 scoring system.

CONCLUSION
VSD and TOF formed the major groups of cases profiled. Most of the cases recommended for surgery for congenital heart disease belonged to the risk category 2 (28.1%) followed by the risk category 1 (12.7%) of the RACHS-1 scoring system.


Autonomous non-linear systems, often arising in different fields of science, are usually difficult to analyse. Pseudo-linear (PL) representation of such a non-linear system has become very popular recently to deal with this difficulty, by applying the well-established linear system theory tools to non-linear systems. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of non-linear autonomous systems using eigenstructurebased analysis through the PL form representation. The sophisticated ability of non-linear eigenvalues for qualitative behaviour determination of the non-linear systems is fully discussed. Knowing the fact that the PL form of a given non-linear system is not unique, this paper presents a systematic method for obtaining infinitely many PL forms for a given non-linear system by introducing a new concept of basis set for the space of PL forms. Looking to the counterexamples published in the literature, a conclusive proposition is established, which apparently provides a framework to attack the long struggle in the stability consideration of non-linear systems via a PL form by applying the crucial role of non-linear eigenvectors neglected in the previous studies. Some illustrative examples are also presented to better highlight the merit of the proposed method. The simulations are carried out by MATLAB 2009b.


Responsible government is the basic value of the modern democratic politics.Implementing administrative accountability is the effective way of establishing responsible government.With the development of democracy and the theory of public administration,the responsibility paradigm of traditional public administration is changing into the responsibility paradigm of new public management,that is,to transform from the separation of subjective responsibility and objective responsibility into their mutual combination;to transform from fault responsibility into the combination of fault responsibility and explanation responsibility.Based on the double-way analysis framework,there are five problems in the practice of administrative accountability in China.To address this problem,the following measures should be taken:constructing the accountability premise for unification of powers and responsibility;strengthening administrative ethics construction;broadening the scope of administrative accountability;promoting information openness and developing sunshine accountability;improving accountability-related system construction.


A 20O>WORO OR LESS FACTUAL SUMMARY OF MOST SIONinCANT INFORMATION. IF DOCUMENT INCLUDES A SiQNinCANT BIBUOQRAPHY OR LITERATURE SURVEY, MENTION IT HERE.) Throughout most of the world, warning signs next to elevators indicate they should not be used in fire situations, and today's elevators have not been designed for fire evacuation and should not be used for fire evacuation. However, the idea of using elevators to speed up fire evacuation and to evacuate persons with disabilities has gained considerable attration. The potratial of elevator evacuation is so significant that the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) has sponsored a research project at NIST to develop techniques for occupant use of elevators during buildipg evacuations. This paper is the final report of that project, and it addresses fundamental system considerations, engineering design considerations, design analysis, and human b^iavior. This paper shows that use of elevators in addition to stairs during a fire emergency allows occupants and firefighters an additional ^rstem of vertical transportation. Even though the focus of this paper is fire evacuation, much of the information is also applicable to evacuation fi>r other emergmcies. The results of a previous project to develop smoke control of elevator ^tems are presented in App^dix A. An interactive computer program, ELVAC, was written specifically for the analyses of this paper.. 12.


He recalled his decision, following CEB's discussion at its spring 2011 retreat session, to establish a dedicated group of principals to advise him on the UN system's contribution to the two themes of Rio +20: the green economy, and the institutional framework for sustainable development. He thanked the Deputy Secretary-General for overseeing this work, the outcome of which had then been channelled through HLCP to produce the joint, system-wide approach the common statement being discussed at the current session, with a view to its use as a preamble to each organization's submission to the Conference secretariat by 1 November 20 II.


In Romania, the Transylvanian Naked Neck hen breed is considered to be an "endangered" population, reason for which we consider that a special attention should have been given until now. Plymouth Rock breed was imported for the first time to Romania from the Studler Company, France in 1969. This paper is aiming to perform a profound analysis of the development patterns of the somite number in the two breeds, by measurements carried out at 26, 30, 40, 50, and 60 hours of incubation. Observations demonstrate that somite forming is carrying on in a similar way as the other embryo complex characteristics following an undulatory curve whose curls are different in the two breeds, but the forming speed during the whole studied period is similar. We estimate that the two breeds have a good combinative capacity, which recommend the utilization of these genetic materials to obtain hybrids for producing "peasant-type" chicken meat, very well-appreciated by the Europeans between the two World Wars.


The influence of enclosing fence system and related grazing regime on pasture desertification was analyzed.It was believed that the pure enclosing fence without reasonable utilization of the grasslands resources would not lead the grassland ecotype to reach climax community,while it would cause simplification of the grasslands plant structure,reduction of biodiversity and degradation of pasture ecosystem.It was proposed that turning nomadism to settlement,irrational enclosing fence and inappropriate introduction of exotic plant species to the natural pasture ecosystem would lead the pasture desertification,reclaiming the grasslands for agriculture purpose would speed up the desertification process on the grasslands ecosystem.


Ionizing radiation and a complex of other negative factors of the Chornobyl disaster have a significant impact on the functional state of the respiratory system, causing a high incidence of bronchial hyperreactivity in children living under chronic intake of radionuclides with a long half-life, which is a risk factor for the formation of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology [1- 3]. Currentstudiesare focused on studyingthe molecular and genetic bases of hereditary predisposition and are to define the role of certain genes and enzymes encoded by them in the pathogenesis of bronchoobstructive diseases [4 - 6]. The reaction of each individual organism to theenvironment influencedepends on the genetically determined features of functional enzyme systems in the phaseI and II of xenobioticdetoxification. Thus, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are a large group of enzymes that are directly involved in the second phase of biotransformation, characterized by broad substrate specificity and the ability to metabolize many substances . A wide isomorphic spectrum of GSTs which is determined by the polymorphism of the genes encoding themhas been established. Differences in the structure of isoenzymes lead to different ability to metabolize xenobiotics and oxidative stress products. This causes a different degree of susceptibility of each individual to the occurrence of multifactorial diseases, including respiratory pathology [5]. Abstract in the ventilation lung capacity –thebronchialhyperreactivity (latent andnonlatent bronchospasm). Values of the ventilation lung capacity were recorded before 5–8 min and after oftwo inhalation doses of dosage salbutamol sulphate aerosol (one dose contains of 100 micrograms). An increase of bronchial patency values (FEV1, MEF25, MEF50, MEF75) by 12% and more compared with the initial values was taken as the criterion of the test positivity. The content of 137Cs in the body of children was determined using a human radiation detector (HRD) Scanner-3M manufactured by the Institute of Human Ecology. Results: To establish the probable effect of glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphism (GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1) on the functional state of the respiratory system, children-residents of RCA were divided into two subgroups depending on the presence (n = 29) or absence (n = 19) of bronchial hyperreactivity. The average values of respiratory tract patency at different levels of the bronchial tree were not significantly different and were within physiological fluctuations in both selected subgroups. Thus, the indicators that integrally characterize the patency of the respiratory tracts were, respectively: PEF/ PPEF ( (91.4 ± 3.9)% and (88.8 ± 4.1)%, p> 0.05; FEV1/PFEV1 (89.2 ± 4.0)% and (91.3 ± 2.6)%, p> 0.05. There were no significant differences in the values of patency in proximal bronchi of large diameter MEF25 / PMEF25 (90.1 ± 3.6)% and (92.0 ± 5.1)%, p> 0.05. The patency parameters of proximal bronchi of the medium diameter: MEF50/PMEF50 did not significantly differ (90.8 ± 2.9)%


In this article, the elastic and shear moduli of the graphene sheet-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Different models have been simulated to study the effect of multilayer graphene sheet, perforation of GS, and temperature on the elastic and shear moduli of resulting nanocomposite. The simulation results show that the elastic and shear moduli of graphene sheet-reinforced aluminum are sensitive to the temperature changes, multilayer, and perforated graphene sheets. The temperature and perforation of graphene sheets exert adverse effects on the elastic and shear moduli of graphene sheet-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites. However, the multilayer graphene sheet leads to favorable effects on the stiffness properties of the nanocomposite. It is also observed that there is only a marginal effect of the chirality of graphene sheet on the out-of-plane shear moduli of the nanocomposite.


Climbing stairs is an incidental physical activity that people can incorporate within daily life. Observational studies have shown that posters at the point of choice between stairs and escalators can increase stair use.1-3 As the greatest public health benefits can be gained from encouraging the least active to exercise more,4 stair and escalator users were interviewed to assess whether poster prompts encouraged inactive people to use the stairs.

Interview data from two studies in a Birmingham shopping mall were combined. In each study, a two week baseline period was followed by exposure to a poster, for up to four weeks, which encouraged stair use. The poster was located at the point of choice between the escalators and stairs. Interviews were conducted at the top of the …


To understand the evolving perspectives and behaviour of directors and institutional investors, field research was conducted in 2004-2005 by way of a survey with corporate directors in four countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States; n e 658) and institutional investors in Canada (n e 34). Reported changes in directors' views and practices are substantial and consistent across countries, the defining characteristic of which is a fundamental shift in the positioning of the board toward becoming a strategic partner to management. The role of institutional investors also shifted in ways that are complementary to this new role of directors (e.g., toward increased monitoring). While most research has focused on agency concepts of the board as monitors of management, our research suggests that the board is evolving towards a more collaborative role with management, consistent with stewardship theory. Our findings also suggest that directors are seeking a balance between collaboration and their role as monitors of management, rejecting the notion of the board as primarily a monitoring body. An evolutionary model is offered to explain these changes and implications are discussed. Copyright (c) 2007 The Authors; Journal compilation (c) 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


THE mechanism of hydroboration had been the subject of quite a number of investigations since the sixties and the first picture that emerged out of the works of Brown and co-workers was that of the reaction proceeding through a fourcentre transition state (1)1-3. A number of kinetic and isotope effect studies+" appeared to support the above mechanism. Streitwieser et a/.9 disputed the four-centre transition state and suggested on the basis of stereochemical evidences a three-membered transition state closely resembling a triangular rc-complex as the reaction pathway. There were other attempts to rationalise the stereochemical results on the basis of slight variations of Brown's model-v+', but the four-centre nature of the transition state in general appeared to be satisfactoryw=. However, MO symmetry considerations-s show that the four-centre transition state usually proposed has significant symmetry barriers and the results of a gas phase kinetic study" of the reaction between borane and ethylene indicated the transition state to be a loose three-membered activated complex (II). In our attempt to find the nature of the transition state for the hydroboration reactions we made a semiempirical MO study of the reaction between ethylene and borane-" and our findings were in favour of a three-centre intermediate rather than a four-centre one. Such, three-centre two-electron bonds are not uncommon in borane chemistry and may be regarded as being formed by the interaction of the borane moiety with the ethylene rc-bond, such that the two P.-orbitals of the ethylene carbon atoms overlap with the vacant 2p-orbital of the boron atom. Acetylenes which have two such re-bonds perpendicular to each other undergo both monoand dihydroboration as expected-t-" (Eq. 1).


Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry for solution-based metallic deposit characterization is a standard method in solidliquid interfacial surface science. We have carried out cyclic voltammetry on a microcantilever along with adsorptioninduced cantilever deflection monitoring for investigating the surface stresses introduced by a deposited metal layer. Specifically, we have investigated the deposition of lead onto polycrystalline gold-coated microcantilevers. Confining the electrodeposition to one side of the cantilever causes it to undergo bending due to differential surface stress. Monitoring of adsorption induced surface stress along with electrochemical deposition current gives one an additional macroscopic characterization technique. This technique can be used for determining certain non-charge transfer processes that accompany electrochemical deposits, such as adsorbate rearrangements and phase transitions. Additionally, these types of studies should prove beneficial in the use of microcantilevered structures for various sensing applications.


In order to get the basic data of primary productivity, the distribution of chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton in the vicinity of Chulpo sea area were...


the correct manner of life a person should lead. Closer than priests and lawyers to their clients are the doctors. To be a good doctor one has to have moral integrity and purpose. His high sense of principles should not be altered by the lower consideration of expediency and attempts by others to any course of action that clashes with one's own ethics and critical judgments.As the practice of medicine is becoming dehumanized because of the emphasis on laboratory procedures and domination of medical schools by researchers against true clinical teachers, it is becoming more and more necessary to earnestly stick to a good ethical code.For this current era of mad race for prominence and wealth amongst the doctors, the biggest casualty is the ethics. Earning money is no sin but a sentence from the code of Paracelsus. The 16th Century Swiss Physician, "not to collect any money without earning it" should be the leading principle


The most promising techniques are dehydration, pyrolysis and incineration. Dehydration and incineration however have the best conditions for success due to the substancial operational experience


We investigated the hypothesis that the antiatherosclerotic effect of 17 b -estradiol (E 2 ) is due to a shift in the nitric oxide (NO)/superoxide (O 2 2 ) balance in the vessel wall, thereby increasing the bioavailability of NO. In human umbilical vein cultured endothelial cells, E 2 (1–100 nmol/l), but not 17 a estradiol, caused a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox (up to 60% inhibition at both the mRNA and protein level). This effect was prevented by coincuba-tion with the estrogen receptor antagonists tamoxifen and ICI 182,780 (1 m mol/l each). Within the same concentration range, E 2 also up-regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression ( ; twofold). More-over, preincubation of the cells with E 2 or a gp91phox antisense oligonucleotide significantly decreased their capacity to generate O 2 2 on phorbol ester stimulation (i.e., assembly of the active NADPH oxidase complex). Blockade of NO synthase activity, on the other hand, had no effect on phorbol ester-stimulated O 2 2 formation. In addition, E 2 (100 nmol/l) inhibited the increase in adhesion molecule and chemokine expression in cells exposed to cyclic strain. Cyclic strain enhanced endothelial O 2 2 formation, thereby offsetting the inhibitory effect of NO on the expression of these gene products. E 2 thus seems to act as an antioxidant at the genomic level which by improving the NO/O 2 2 balance normalizes expression of proatherosclerotic gene products in endothelial cells.—Wagner, A. H., Schroeter, M. R., Hecker, M. 17 b -Estradiol inhibition of NADPH oxidase expression in human endothelial cells. FASEB J. 15, 2121–2130 (2001)


n-diamond is a new kind of carbon allotrope,which is a metallic form of carbon with face-centered cubic structure.Because of the lower output of n-diamond powders synthesized by various processes,research on the character of n-diamond is very difficult,and the study of n-diamond is almost vacant.In order to study the character and application of n-diamond,the structure,preparation and property of n-diamond are introduced in this paper.


Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) has attracted significant interest to support real-time communication. The most promising solution was recently published as IEEE 802.11e, which provide traffic differentiation. However, that solution still has an inadequate behavior to support real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a new traffic separation mechanism for IEEE 802.11e networks. Such Traffic Separation Mechanism (TSm) allows the coexistence of CSMA standard stations with modified (real-time) stations in the same network domain. We investigate the performance of TSm mechanism through computer simulations. We show the efectiveness of such scheme when the real-time traffic is kept at reduced loads or when we have only one producer real-time traffic station.


Automatic track initiation of maneuvering target in clutter is considered and an approximate solution is derived.The proposed approach integrates target existence uncertainty and target dynamical model uncertainty using independent Markov chains within the general Bayesian framework.Its performance is compared with other PDA based solutions-IMM-PDA and IMM-IPDA.


At present, the diagnostic instruments used widely here and abroad is not entire, which can not diagnose the mechanical fault without fault code. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a method for fault diagnosis of electronic fuel injection (EFI) engine using radial basis function (RBF) neural network. By connecting MATLAB software package and ACCESS database, a fault diagnosis program is set up and a fault without code can be found. Meanwhile, the comparison has been done between RBF network and back propagation (BP) network. The simulation experimental results show that the RBF model is more feasible and successful than BP model and makes fault diagnosis easier.


Southeast Asia is rapidly becoming the region hit hardest by coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as evidenced by the surging daily number of new confirmed cases and deaths. The COVID-19 crisis continues to worsen with the entry of the more transmissible variants of concern, primarily the Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was first identified in India. Pregnant women are among the vulnerable population groups at risk of suffering from severe COVID-19 and may experience poor pregnancy and neonatal outcomes due to the infection. Vaccination seems to be the most effective strategy to curb the pandemic and secondarily by social distancing, wearing face masks and practising hand hygiene. There has been limited yet reassuring evidence in support of vaccinating pregnant women against COVID-19. We sought to review the latest evidence regarding the safety, immunogenicity and reactogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women as well as the recommendations and guidance provided by the public health authorities in the countries in Southeast Asia.


Rates of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) following a mastectomy in Canada have historically been low. To address this deficiency, our group established Canada's first multidisciplinary IBR clinic with the purpose of determining if the clinic increased our institutional rate of IBR and to evaluate the impact of IBR on quality of life in women with breast cancer.


Ibuprofen (IBP) and paracetamol (PCM) are widely used and prescribed two drugs for particularly their effects in reducing pain and fever. For enhanced pain relief, combinations of IBP and PCM are considered another option rather than taken each drug alone. In the scope of this work, the possible structural interaction edges, some important electronic properties and the binding energy evaluations of the IBP&PCM system were examined with density functional theory (DFT) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Further, all the configurations were subjected to biological activity evaluations. It was observed that hydrogen bonding interactions are possible for the examined drug couple and configuration 4 is the most stable form whereas C1 and C6 are better inhibitors. Therefore, possible advantages and disadvantages or possible side effects must be taken into account before combining these two important drug molecules.


An ha situ adsorption measurement method at the mica/protein solution interface is described. An apparatus erpccially constructed tar this purpose permits direct and continuous measuronrcnt of total adsorption (reversible and irreversible) of "C-labelled proleh~. Bobinc ruhtnaxillary muctn (BSM), extracted from salivary glands, was acetylatcd with (CH, "CD), 0. The rrsults show thr increase of BShl adsorbed on mica surfaces with its concentration in solution and adsorption time. Pseudo plateaux are obtained for all concentrations studied, indicating the formatlon of thick layers. The loosely tround fractlon of adsorbed mudn is proportional to the hulk concentration in solution. The amounl or BSM adsorbed increases in lhc neighbouthood of the isoelectric point of X3M (pi1 3).


Spin-flip Raman scattering has been studied in $\mathrm{CdTe}/{\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{Te}$ quantum well structures which have previously been demonstrated to possess a reduced symmetry, leading to a hole g tensor which is highly anisotropic in the plane. This unusual behavior has been exploited to investigate in detail the spin-flip Raman-scattering mechanisms. Distinct signals arising from localized excitons and from excitons bound to neutral donors are observed. These signals are found to vary in intensity depending on the angle between the crystal axes and the in-plane magnetic field. The intensities of the signals as a function of laser energy have also been determined. From these observations, a model involving the nature of the intermediate states in the scattering process has been developed which allows the determination of the components of hole g tensor. This model is further applied to explain the observed angular dependence of the spin-flip Raman scattering of the ${3d}^{5}$ electrons of the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ ions. In addition, the model predicts a combined scattering process involving both a ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ electron and a donor-bound electron; this process is indeed observed.


Combustion synthesis (CS) of NiAl-based materials reinforced by TiB_2 particles was investigated under both terrestrial and microgravity conditions. The synthesized metal matrix composites (MMC) are characterized by very fine (<1 μm) reinforced particulates, which have strong bonding along their entire surface with matrix (NiAl) and are distributed uniformly in it. It was found that microgravity leads to a decrease in the average TiB_2 particle size, while higher volume fraction of NiAl component in the material leads to the formation of coarser reinforced particulates. The mechanism of structure formation of different MMCs during CS was identified by using the quenching technique. For example, it was shown that TiB_2 grains appear due to crystallization from the complex (Ni–Al–Ti–B) liquid solution formed in the combustion front. An overall decrease of microstructural transformation rates was observed under microgravity.


Corporate giving is increasingly important to the nonprofit sector. However, corporate philanthropy has been slow to adopt insights from the sector's decades-long experimentation with strategic philanthropy. This article explores the question of how corporate philanthropy might leverage service learning partnerships with students in university-based nonprofit education programs to enhance strategy and maximize social impact. We propose a model for strategic corporate philanthropy comprising two axes, on which the corporation can gauge whether its giving is more proactive or reactive, and technocratic or humanistic, to find a balance between strategy and rigidity. Qualitative data were collected from a service learning project between Toyota Motor North America, Master of Public Administration (MPA) students at a Texas university, and residents of an economically challenged area of West Dallas. Findings suggest that service learning partnerships can help corporate philanthropists strike an appropriate strategic balance, whereby the corporation, individuals being served, and students all benefit.


Rare earth phosphate ceramic particles, when used as reinforcement, have considerably improved the toughness property. In the present work, lanthanum phosphate-yttrium composite synthesised by the Sol-Gel technique was taken as a study material. Abrasive waterjet machine (AWJM) is preferred to examine the machinability of the fabricated composite as ceramic particles possess low thermal and electrical conductivity. Irrespective of various operating parameters of AWJM, the dominant parameters such as jet pressure (JP), stand-off distance (SOD) and traverse speed (TS) are considered to measure the output performance characteristics of material removal rate (MRR), kerf angle (KA) and surface profile roughness (Ra). Silicon carbide and garnet are taken as the abrasive particles. The investigation shows that TS essentially characterise silicon carbide as abrasive shows 85.89%, accompanied by 7% JP and 6% SOD. On account of garnet, TS extraordinarily influences with a commitment of 64.84% followed by SOD of 20.11% and JP of 14.65%. The microstructure assessment on the cut surface reveals the plastic deformation surface for both abrasives and the surface erosion occurs by squashing and crushing of particles. Low MRR and KA are recorded for garnet and the superior Ra is therefore obtained when silicon carbide is used as abrasive.


Effective congestion control in MANET is a daunting task due to the complex nature of the topology and heterogeneity of nodes being communicated and having the capacity to process. This paper presents the updated approach in Adhoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing in MANET for congestion management. In the suggested solution, source selects a better neighbor node from several neighbors that have enough queue size to participate in the routing process. In addition to efficient monitoring of congestion, the congested node initiates warning message to the source of the route reply queue. Compared with the current research, the proposed solution offers better quality of service (QoS). NS2.35 is used to simulate modified protocol and simulation results shows the effectiveness of the protocol in throughput, packet delivery ratio, packet dropping and overhead.


In this introduction, a rationale is developed for why these accounts of the historical movements and catastrophes in psychoanalytic institutional histories are so important. I argue that we need to contextualize theory and practice in political and historical terms, seeing that historical forces shape institutions, the fates of individuals, and the evolution of theory and practice. In particular, I consider the impact of the events in Hungary over nearly 50 years as crucial elements in the eclipse of Ferenczi and his school. I argue that we need to rethink our too-narrow focus on comparative theory and imagine the role of history in the fate of ideas. The impact of fascism and of Stalinism on psychoanalytic work and practitioners is seen here as a necessary element in our understanding of where we are now and from what cultural and historical experiences we have emerged.


Much research has attempted to show direct linear relations between genes and disorder. However, scientists have been discouraged by inconsistent findings based on this simple gene-phenotype approach. The alternative approach is to incorporate information about the environment. A gene-environment interaction approach assumes that environmental pathogens cause disorder, whereas genes influence susceptibility to environmental pathogens.


Objective:To determine the effets of tetramethylpyrazine(TMPz ) on ET-1stimulated proliferation of the experimental models of proliferation of cultured isolated human navel artery smooth muscle cells.Methods: The experimental models of proliferation of cultured smooth muscle stimulated by endothelin(ET) were established and cell account and 3H-thymidine(~3H-TdR) incorporation were used.Results:The results indicated that TMPz markedly inhibited VSMC proliferation in the dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:It is confirmed that TMPz possesses anti-proliferation of VSMC.


In this symposium, we intend to present and discuss methodological, theoretical, and empirical approaches to differentiated leadership that cover varied leadership theories (team leadership, transf...


In each version of Tiki, there is work to improve Tiki performance in real world scenarios. This comes from performance limitations hit on *.tiki.org sites or the various sites of community members. As Tiki is over 17 years old, some Tiki sites have increasingly large data sets. Routinely, databases have been sent to the Performance Team for analysis. Our YSlow and PageSpeed scores have improved significantly.


Objective Under the consumption situation, study the unfamiliar experience and perception of unfamiliar and how it affect women in order to guide the design. Methods To determine the familiar world as a precondition and breakthrough cure thinking,building the basis of design;in the context of the festival,design plays a leading role in support of women′s spending habits;design has become a symbol of everyday aesthetics,combined with business process,design also focuses on guiding thinking. Conclusion Transition between daily life and festivals plays a role in design,unfamiliar experience guides the aesthetic sense to breakthrough business model.


The of School This study aims to explain the phenomenon of student learning management that occurs in Islamic boarding schools and find strategies used during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach through a case study at the Darul Ulum Islamic Boarding School, Pekalongan. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviews, in-depth observation and study documentation. Based on the findings of this study, it appears that learning management is the main factor for handling all activities during the pandemic COVID-19. However, learning management at the Darul Ulum Islamic Boarding School in Pekalongan City during the COVID-19 pandemic has not run optimally from the learning management functions, namely planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating. That is due to the challenges and obstacles faced during the adjustment periods. The result of this study are strategies of learning management santri at Ponpes Darul Ulum Pekalongan. First, implementing distance learning "Daring" with WhatsApp Group media for the Tahfidz programs, Youtube and Google meet for the Kitab programs, then Zoom and Google meet for the Science programs. Second, simplifies the curriculum reduce target achievement. Third, provide one-week training teachers. And fourth, supply quota and wifi for teachers who needs it.


Methods of combining reception and transmission frequency in superregenerative transceivers (SRT) of aerological radiosondes of atmosphere radio sounding radar-tracking systems are considered.


We read with deep interest the article by Kloppenburg et al ,1 which was aimed at assessing the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-interleukin (IL)-1α/β dual variable domain immunoglobulin lutikizumab (ABT-981) in erosive hand osteoarthritis (HOA). The results indicated that administration of 200 mg lutikizumab subcutaneously every 2 weeks for 24 weeks did not improve pain or imaging outcomes in erosive HOA compared with a placebo. This conclusion might be disappointing for doctors and even patients who desire a wider choice in drugs.

In this study, the authors administered lutikizumab to neutralise the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β; however, to the best of our knowledge, until recently, the source …


Edward Lindop BA(Hons), PhD, RGN, RMN, RNMH,Cert. Ed, Lecturer in Nursing, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Keele University,City General Hospital, Newcastle Road, Stoke onTrent, Staiordshire ST4 6QG,UK Sue ReadMA,Cert. Ed., Cert. in Bereavement Studies,RNMH,Lecturer in Nursing and Bereavement Counsellor, Department of Nursing andMidwifery,The Covert, Keele University, Staiordshire ST5 5BG,UK Correspondence and oiprint requests to: Sue Read


The effect of the hardness of carbon black N326 particle on the physical properties of belt rubber compound and its adhesion bond to the steel cord was investigated.The results showed that,as the hardness of carbon black N326 particle increased,the Mooney viscosity,MH,ML,Shore A hardness,modulus and tensile strength increased,elongation at break decreased,and the scorch time and optimum cure time of rubber compound shortened,and the pull-out force of steel cord was improved.


The appeal system of the current civil procedure in our country exists in an mistake in function setting up.This phenomenon affects directly the function of appeal the system should have.Moreover,it also opens convenient door for the higher court interfere with the judgment of the lower court.So it is very important to definite the function of appeal afresh,to develop the function that system should have.The functions of appeal mainly have two aspects: one is to realize right relief for entity right and procedure right of litigation;another is to realize unify of the law explain with apply.


1 A simple comparison of vital statistics of suicide has many biases. For example, 3.1% of the cases submitted for autopsy by the Tokyo Municipal Medical Inspection Office were difficult to attribute to suicide or accident from the legal medical standpoint. Such cases as those of children or severely psychotic patients were sometimes almost impossible to determine. Many suicides were hidden by the victims themselves or by their families, largely because of the shame associated with the act of suicide. Notwithstanding these biases, the writer carried out an epidemiological analysis of the statistical materials of suicide to discern the characteristics of suicide in Japan. By the writer's epidemiological analysis, it is believed possible to discern the characteristics of suicide in Japan and compare them with those of other countries, notwithstanding the abovementioned biases. This is because any errors could be expected to be randomized. 2 There are more difficulties in collecting reliable data on attempted suicide than completed suicide. The writer's survey in a city near Tokyo with 150,000 population in 1959 showed that only 92 cases of attempted suicide against 231 cases of completed suicide over a period of 8 years were obtained, notwithstanding the support of private practitioners, hospitals, health centers, and city police. However, the pattern in the attempted suicide rate of high rate in youth, low rate in the aged and higher rate in female than male, as compared with completed suicide data coincided with that for attempted suicide reported by many reliable statistics in Europe. 3 In this sense, it is notable that the rate of completed suicide in Japan during the last 10 years, particularly that for youth, has declined greatly. One of the characteristics of suicide in Japan, rising in youth, declining in thethe middle aged and rising in the aged, which was the same as that in Taiwan, has begun to change to the Western pattern increasing almost parallel with age. 4 The ratio of female‐male suicide rates in Japan has risen during the past 10 years, in particular the ratio of the aged, as conipared with that among those of youth, which has declined. Consequently, the writer presumed that the fluctuation of completed suicide rates in age and sex are mainly influenced by the change of those rates and ratio in the youth of 15—25 and the aged over 65. 5 It was suggested that in pre‐World War II times, a kind of altruistic suicide still existed in Japan, but after the war the number of anomic suicides increased to a peak in 1955‐58, and both types of suicide have decrcased since 1958. 6 The suicide curve in Japan has been found to fluctuate with the business cycle and war; it rose in prewar time (1913, 1934) and serious depression (1932) and declined in wartime (1906, 1943) and prosperity (1917, 1960). The rise of suicide rates from 1944 to 1958 was probably connected with the financial, moral and political anomie of the postwar times. The decline of suicide rates since 1958 might be closely connected with not only financial, moral and political stability but also with the change of expressing aggression, in particular among the youth, i.e. transfer from intropunitive to extrapunitive responses. The statistics of the Young Adult and Juvenile Section of the Japanese Ministry of Justice showed that the rates of juvenile offenders decreased. It also showed that the proportion of juvenile offenders has overcome that of adult offenders since 1958 and the younger the age, the more marked the rise. 7 As regards the relationship between suicide and homicide, a direct relationship between suicide and homicide in the past 10 years in Japan might confirm the hypothesis that obligatory altruistic or fatalistic suicide is decreasing and anomic suicide is declining after a long rise. 8 Although two surveys on suicide‐rates in Hawaii by Drs. Tyree and Kalish showed different data by ethnity, those rates in Japanese Hawaiian were low in youth and high in old age. The writer interpreted these data as follows: although the Japanese issei showed the same high suicide rate as Japanese Nationals, the low rate of suicide in youth might suggest that not only the suicide rate among Japanese‐Hawaiians but also that of Japanese Nationals will become similar to the Western type in the future.


In 1S89 P. J. van Beneden described an interesting cestode from the mackerel shark (Lamna cornuVica) under the name Dinohothnum septaria} The species has been recorded from the same host by Loennberg^ and b}^ Scott.^ Loennberg gives detailed description of the scolex and of immature proglottides. Scott publishes a brief description of the species and a protograph of a specimen collected by him. Strobiles with adult, or ripe, proglottides were not seen by any of the above-named authorities. I am indebted to Dr. Maurice C. Hall, of the Zoological Division of the United States Department of Agriculture, for photographic copies of Loennberg's papers. Tliis paper is a contribution from the laboratory of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and the zoological laboratory of the L^niversity of Missouri.


The design and development of an automatic identity management system for the retrieval and matching of tattoo images is considered to be very important in the advancement of the investigative capabilities of forensics as well as law enforcement agencies. Conventional tattoo-based retrieval techniques are keyword-based, where content and body location meta-data are combined in an indistinguishable manner. However, the main drawback of these techniques is their inability to create search areas around manually annotated tattoo body location regions that can overcome user error in the meta-data or ambiguity in keywords. In this paper, we propose a novel method of using body location meta-data to perform semantic retrieval that significantly reduces error compared to keyword-based methods and reduces the number of matches needed to achieve high accuracy when performing tattoo-based human recognition. Our proposed approach is able to overcome the aforementioned challenges as well as other challenges that may be introduced when noise is present in the body location meta-data (e.g. possible tagging mistakes by the operators).


THIS PAPER UNDERTAKES A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF EXCLUSIVE BUS EXPRESS LANES RUNNING ALONGSIDE A HEAVILY USED COMMUTER HIGHWAY. IT IS SHOWN, INTER ALIA, THAT WHERE THE TRAVELING POPULATION IS HOMOGENEOUS WITH RESPECT TO THE VALUE OF TRAVEL TIME AND WHERE IT IS NOT, THAT A HIGH-SPEED EXCLUSIVE BUS LANE WILL NOT ATTRACT THE SOCIALLY OPTIMAL NUMBER OF TRAVELERS UNLESS THE AUTOMOBILE USERS ARE SUBJECT TO A TOLL. THE SOCIALLY OPTIMAL LEVEL OF THE TOLL IS SHOWN TO BE A FUNCTION OF TIME VALUATION AND CONGESTION DELAYS. /AUTHOR/


Disclosed is a method of determining one or more event subsets within a plurality of images. Each image is associated with time and location data specifying the time and location of capture of the image. The method determines a time variable for each adjacent pair of images in a capture time ordered list of the plurality of images. A distance variable for each adjacent pair of images in the ordered list of images is then determined. The method determines speed data of the image capture device at the time and location of capture of each image. The ordered list of images is then partitioned into one or more event subsets on the basis of a cost function, the cost function being determined in accordance with a normalisation of the time variable and distance variable, wherein the time variable and the distance variable are weighted relative to the speed data.


Chapter 4 investigates Dutch, English, and French smugglers who traded with Venezuelan subjects. Historians know very little about the social composition and trading methods of early modern smugglers. An in-depth analysis of hundreds of cases finds that these enigmatic figures came mostly from foreign colonies close to Venezuela including Curaҫao, Martinique, and Jamaica, but also from farther afield, in some cases. Most traders were part of small, multinational, multilingual, and multiracial crews. Although they were outsiders to Venezuela, these contrabandists maintained close contacts on shore who influenced how they conducted business. Smugglers were savvy and adaptable to local market conditions, customs, languages, and coast guard operations. Particularly important to the strategic intelligence of smugglers were Sephardic Jewish trading networks well versed in Iberian cultural traditions. Such contacts produced a smuggler's craft that combined deception, force, bribery, and Spanish judicial savvy. At times the historical record indicates the presence of more elaborate and wealthy merchant conglomerates. Yet illicit exchange in the early modern maritime world offered egalitarian and entrepreneurial opportunities for small-time captains willing to trade on their own account. Counterbalancing potential profits were the inherent hazards of coastal violence, wartime privateering, coastguard patrols, exile, and forced labor.


Metadata storage is the prior issue of metadata management. An ontology makeup language CRLE(concept representationlanguage for exchange) is introduced, which is based on XML and is used as basis of metadata, and the relationship between the CRLEand DTD is analyzed, then an algorithm to translate concepts defined by CRLE into DTD is illustrated. By the combination of metadataand DTD, metadata is stored into XML document. The experimental result shows that this method can efficiently store metadata usingDTD.


The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spreads across worldwide and becomes a global pandemic. Remdesivir is the only COVID-19 treatment approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); however, its effectiveness is still under questioning as raised by the results of a large WHO Solidarity Trial. Herein, we report that the parent nucleotide of remdesivir, GS-441524, potently inhibits the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Vero E6 and other cells. It exhibits good plasma distribution and longer half-life (t1/2=4.8h) in rat PK study. GS-441524 is highly efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 in AAV-hACE2 transduced mice and murine hepatitis virus (MHV) in mice, reducing the viral titers in CoV-attacked organs, without noticeable toxicity. Given that GS-441524 was the predominant metabolite of remdesivir in the plasma, the anti-COVID-19 effect of remdesivir may partly come from the effect of GS-441524. Our results also supported that GS-441524 as a promising and inexpensive drug candidate in the treatment of COVID-19 and future emerging CoVs diseases.


Designing or learning of templates for cellular neural networks constitutes one of the crucial research problems of this paradigm. In this work, we present the use of a particle swarm optimizer, a global search algorithm, to design a template set for a CNN. A brief overview of the algorithms and methods is given. Design of popular templates is performed using the search algorithm described.


The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) received reports of 593 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the US between June 1, 1981, and September 15, 1982. Death occurred in 243 (41%) of these cases. The incidence of AIDS by date of diagnosis has roughly doubled every 6 months since late-1979, and an average of 1-2 cases are now diagnosed per day. The mortality rate for cases diagnosed over 1 year ago exceeds 60%. About 80% of AIDS cases are concentrated in 6 metropolitan areas, primarily on the east and west coasts. 75% of AIDS cases have involved homosexual or bisexual men, among whom the reported prevalence of intravenous drug abuse was 12%. Among the 20% of heterosexual cases, the prevalence of intravenous drug abuse was 60%. Reported AIDS cases can be separated into groups based on the following risk factors: homosexual or bisexual males--75%, intravenous drug abusers with no history of homosexual activity--13%, Haitians with neither a history of homosexuality or intravenous drug abuse--6%, persons with hemophilia A with no other risk factors--0.3%, and persons in none of the other groups--5%. 51% of AIDS victims had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) without Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), 30% had KS without PCP, 7% had both PCP and KS, and 12% had opportunistic infection alone. The overall mortality rate for cases of PCP without KS (47%) was more than twice that for cases of KS without PCP (21%), while the rate for cases of both PCP and KS (68%) was more than 3 times as great. The mortality rate for opportunistic infection with neither PCP or KS was 48%.


Four common grasses and one clover were grown in a randomised block field experiment. All species were separated into heads, leaves and stems and analysed for a number of major and trace elements, with a view to providing information for subsequent work on more specific problems of nutrition. The results are discussed and some suggestions made for future research.


Abstract: Implementation of the legal protection of intellectual property has become a central international attention, particularly in countries forward. Intellectual property has become the economic engine of the world in promoting economic growth and improving the welfare of the people's living standards. Application of the law has been used as a tool of economic development. Seriousness of government in the implementation of the law of intellectual property rights becoming one of the main aspects of the consideration for prospective foreign investors to invest in that country. This is understandable, because the issue of intellectual property rights, especially patents directly related to the technology. Law enforcement in the field of intellectual property rights is still weak in Indonesia, including the province of West Sumatra to be further improved in the future. West Sumatra region should be able to speak at national and even international level in terms of development and advancement of intellectual property rights.

Keywords— Intellectual Property Right, Economic Development, Globalization.


At present, mathematics, which provides the necessary tools to actualize the scientific and technological feats in Nigeria is still poorly taught by teachers. This problem, we think may have its root in the primary school level where subject specialization is not in vogue. This research therefore attempts to examine the primary school curriculum and the problems of its implementation by teachers who are still ill equipped. Strategies on enhancing the teaching and learning of primary mathematics are presented. We strongly recommend the humanistic approach and as well as emphasized that: (i) pupils learn mathematics belter by doing mathematics and (ii) the use of heuristic method. Implications of this research for the present century technological development in Nigeria are discussed.


This paper analyzes the initial stage of the pandemic COVID-19 in Mexico. The objective is to test whether the contagion risk perception and the authorities' initial prevention messages influenced the COVID-19 deaths. We estimate longitudinal elasticities of deaths to confirmed COVID-19 cases by accounting for measurement error and endogeneity issues. We find that confirmed cases and poverty levels are endogenous. The limitation arises because of the underreported COVID-19 deaths. Our contribution is to identify an association with the individual and political risk perception to the number of COVID-19 deaths. The results show that municipalities with more confirmed cases aware of being in contact with another person affected by COVID-19 have fewer deaths. However, emergency management, federal and state, had weak effects of reducing the lethality rate. We infer that better individual risk awareness is an essential factor in reducing the number of deaths from COVID-19.