Initiation of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.)] plant harvests from the propagating bed was later from the sparse plant producer 'Georgia Jet' than from the profuse plant producer 'Georgia Red'. Also, the initiation of plant harvests from storage roots cut into longitudinal halves for inspection of internal quality before bedding was later than from whole roots. These differences were reflected in lower cumulative percentages of total plants harvested from 'Georgia Jet' than from 'Georgia Red' within 2 weeks and from longitudinal halves within 2 and 4 weeks after initiation of plant harvests. Total plant production was greater from whole than from halved 'Georgia Jet' roots. Total plant production was greater from halved roots immersed in Botran 75W compared to those immersed in calcium hypochlorite. Cutting and immersion treatments did not influence total plant production from 'Georgia Red', a profuse plant producer. 'Georgia Jet' roots deteriorated more than 'Georgia Red' in the propagating bed, and deterioration was increased by cutting and immersion in calcium hypochlorite. Presprouting did not reduce deterioration of roots in the propagating bed, but did reduce the number of days from bedding until first plant harvest. It also increased the cumulative percentage of the total plants harvested within 2 and 4 weeks after harvests were initiated and increased total number of plants produced from both small and large 'Georgia Jet' roots and from large 'Georgia Red' roots. Large roots of each cultivar produced more plants than were produced by small roots when presprouted. Large roots of 'Georgia Jet' also produced more plants than were produced by small roots when not presprouted, but root size did not influence total plant production from 'Georgia Red' roots that were not presprouted. Chemical name used: 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline (Botran 75W).


Ozone variability in the equatorial middle atmosphere is investigated and related to temperature and zonal wind variations using data from the Nimbus 7 and Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) satellite. The dominant component of the seasonal variability at most levels from the middle stratosphere to the lower thermosphere is the semiannual oscillation (SAO) which has maxima near 10, 3, 0.07, 0.01 mbar, and near or above 0.0024 mbar. There is evidence that the 10-mbar peak is due to vertical advection of odd nitrogen (NO{sub y}) by the semiannually varying residual mean circulation, while temperature dependence of chemical reactions coupled with the thermal SAO near the stratopause and in the upper mesosphere is responsible for the peaks near 3 and 0.07 mbar. The seasonal dependence suggests a contribution from gravity wave modulated vertical mixing of water vapor near the 0.01 mbar level, and the authors speculate that semiannually modulated mixing of atomic oxygen by the (1,1) mode of the thermal tide contributes to the SAO ozone peak above 0.0024 mbar. The negative correlation between temperature and ozone is so strong in the 7- to 0.5-mbar layer that ozone is a useful proxy for temperature variability on time scales from a few daysmore » to many months. A preliminary look at annual and interannual variations shows that differing patterns of winter high latitude Rossby wave variability in the two hemispheres are reflected in the signatures of equatorial ozone and temperature in the same layer.« less


The chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera) that develop in fig tree inflorescences (Ficus: Moraceae) have often been used to study alternative reproductive behaviors. However, recent work suggests that such behaviors are more complex than previously thought. We investigated this in Otitesella longicauda and O. rotunda. In addition to known dimorphisms in the two species (each have "religiosa" males that use their mandibles to fight for mates in the fig, and "digitata" males that disperse from the fig to mate), we found that religiosa males below species-specific body size switch points have relatively larger mandibles and are less sclerotized than those above. Thus, they are actually trimorphic. We suggest that the religiosa morph variation is linked to fighter/nonfighter alternative mating behaviors, with small (nonfighting) males having relatively larger mandibles because they also use them to pull females out of their galls before mating. Also, we investigated the determinants of wasp body size, and whether females (foundresses) adjust their offspring allocation strategies according to expected offspring size. We found that wasp size is larger in ovaries near the center of the fig, and more females and fewer religiosa males are laid in such ovaries than in those further away. This probably indicates that foundresses lay females when they are expected to be large because their fitness is more body size--dependent than that of religiosa males. We then discuss the implications of our findings for the study of alternative reproductive behaviors and foundress offspring allocation strategies. Copyright 2004.


This essay aims to investigate the role that the representation of urban spaces plays in the paintings of Jacopo Tintoretto and the use of perspective adopted by the painter in their configuration. [1] The study conducted by the team made it possible to systematically examine Tintoretto's work for the first time, with particular focus on his use of space, architecture and perspective. This was also made possible by a research campaign aimed at restoring the perspective of a selection of nine important paintings, using a method never before adopted in such an extensive way for Tintoretto's works. In this essay, in particular, we shall focus on a specific type of space, i.e. the urban space, which the painter adopts in a few of his paintings, but always in a significant manner, especially regarding the role it plays in the narrative, and the relationship with the model represented by the architectural theory of Sebastiano Serlio.


The existence of Islamic Religious Schools (IRS) and Chinese Schools (CS) preceeded the history of the formation of the country and developed along with the various educational policies implemented by the government until it successfully dignified its position in the current of national education. However, the managers in both types of schools were found to be in conflict with the government in fighting for their educational rights. The conflict between school managers and the government is about maintaining the main goal of school establishment or the school's traditional curriculum, namely the Diniah curriculum (IRS) and the Chinese language and culture curriculum (CS). In addition, school managers also experience conflicts of overlapping management powers between the School Management Board (SMB) and the government, the ambiguity of education rights based on national legislation and a lack of justice from the aspect of government financial aid distribution. This study aims to examine the practice of democratization of education that exists in the management of both types of schools. In this qualitative study, data was collected through semi-structured interviews with two managers from IRS and two CS managers in Malaysia. The findings of the study show that the government is seen to be practicing imperfect democracy in fulfilling the four aspects of both types of schools' educational rights, namely the main goal of establishing schools, management authority, legislation and the distribution of financial aid. This government's practice shows the spirit of democratization of education that prioritizes the direction of the national education policy to meet the country's aspirations in facing the needs of the 21th century.


Abstract : The author examines the development of the current crisis and the prospects for the future. While some substantive reforms have been made, there are serious doubts as to how far President Zedillo will go in challenging the power and perquisites of the PRI elite and the narcotraffickers. Though the economy may pick up in a year or so, and significant advances in democratization may occur, political violence and social turmoil will continue, posing serious problems for the United States, especially in the areas of illegal immigration and drug trafficking.


A term neonate with respiratory distress receiving endotracheal mechanical ventilation undergoes placement of umbilical venous and arterial catheters.

### Prenatal and Birth Histories

### Presentation

The infant was admitted to the community hospital NICU. Endotracheal intubation was performed at 2 hours of age for increasing oxygen requirements and respiratory failure. Conventional mechanical ventilation was initiated with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 1.0. Chest radiography suggested meconium aspiration syndrome. Exogenous surfactant was administered and umbilical vein catheter (UVC) was placed. On radiography, the UVC tip was visualized in the liver and the catheter readjusted to a low-lying position and secured at 5 cm. The umbilical artery catheter (UAC) placement was unsuccessful. Blood culture specimen was obtained and treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin initiated. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn was suspected based on a 10% difference in pre- and postductal oxygen saturation; at 3 hours of age, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) of 20 parts per million (ppm) was initiated for an oxygen index of 18 determined on a radial arterial blood gas.

The infant was transferred to a level IV NICU for further evaluation and consideration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Upon arrival at the level IV NICU, the neonate was placed on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation …


Taihu basin was the area where the population was dense, economy was developed and the contradiction between human and land was prominent in China. It undergone dramatic changes in land-use processes and a series of complex environmental and ecological phenomena had appeared as a result. Ecological capital could provide the basic information for people to evaluate the long-term impact of various technologies and socio-economic development approaches. In the paper, ecological capital around Taihu Lake in 1995 and 2005 were calculated by using TM images, MODIS images, DEM images, Meteorological data, Statistical data and related contributory data according to remote sensing technology. By comparing and analyzing the ecological capital quantitatively, rapid urbanization, water pollution and the degradation of ecological service functions were the main reasons for the reduction of ecological capital in areas around Taihu Lake. Specially, water pollution caused 36.76%, rapid urbanization accounted for 33.42% and the degradation of ecological service functions aroused 29.82% of the total reduction of ecological capital. * Corresponding author.


Turbine blade tip clearance of aero-engine is of great significance for its efficiency, fuel consumption, running state and detection of faults. Previous researches on operation state monitoring and faults diagnosis of aero-engine turbine vane based on the measurement of blade tip clearance only focused on one-dimensional blade tip radial clearance. But the turbine blade tip clearance manifested as parameters with three-dimensional space characteristics when faults occurred. One-dimensional blade tip radial clearance couldn't fully reflect the faults information. Three-dimensional blade tip clearance is proposed in this work. A simplified three-dimensional rotational symmetric finite element model of a blisk was established to simulate and analyze the three-dimensional characteristic parameters of the vane tip clearance under loads such as centrifugal force, thermal stress and pneumatic pressure. A crack was added to the model, and the variation feature of the three-dimensional blade tip clearance of the model with typical faults was researched. Results show that the uneven blade deformation under various loads leads to variation of the three-dimensional blade tip clearance; axial offset, circumferential offset and torsion appear on the turbine blade tip surface. Compared with the blade radial clearance, the three-dimensional blade tip clearance of the blade can reflect faults information more clearly and accurately.


There were mainly three changes in the imitation ideology of lately-founded universities.The change from the ideology of "westernized Chinese style" in the earliest modern government schools to that of "absorbing western technology to the usage of China and absorbing the traditional technology to the usage of modern China" in Beijing Normal School during the Hundred Days' Reform period,and to that of "education above politics".No matter how the ideology changed,the value pursuit of nation and people's rejuvenation has always been regarded as the core guiding idea.On this basis,lately-founded universities did the imitation on various shapes.At the very beginning it was indiscriminating initiation,then it was imitation on self-exploration basis and the existence of unique imitation formation of church colleges,later through the development process it realized the changes from government-oriented imitation to college-oriented independent imitation.


In this paper,an expedient procedure to synthesize 7-methoxy-4′-substituted flavones from 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone and 4-substitutedbenzoyl chlorides was discovered and optimized.The four flavones were obtained via the successive reactions of esterification,rearrangement and cyclization.The esterification was carried out for 0.5~4 h at room temperature,with the mole ratio of 1∶(1.0~1.3)(n(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone)∶n(4-substitutedbenzoyl chlorides));the rearrangement was performed for 2~6 h at 30 ~ 60 ℃;the cyclization took place for 2~5 h at 80~100 ℃,with the catalyst of acetic acid/sulfuric acid(V(acetic acid)∶V(sulfuric acid)=(15~20)∶1).Under the optimum reaction conditions,the target products were obtained with overall yields of 50% ~ 75% and with a purity of more than 95%.The structures of the compounds were confirmed by 1HNMR,IR and MS.


One of the most enduring questions in the history of the African diaspora, and especially the rise of black transnational modernism, concerns the relationship between politics and the arts. Whereas some scholars have considered the ways in which political activists have interacted with writers, musicians and visual artists, others have focused on the political meanings of different creative media. In particular, the modernist vision of blackness has prompted many (often very heated) debates about how to portray blacks and black culture, and the politics of such representational choices. Does an emphasis on positive characteristics of black life create a politically impressive but aesthetically dishonest image of black culture, or conversely do more 'realistic' portrayals reflect racist stereotypes and ultimately contribute to a reactionary political agenda? Such debates have been central to discussions of black culture during the modern era, and show no sign of losing their potency in the twenty-first century. In this essay I propose to contribute to this debate by looking at black modernism in a seminal place and time. As the historian William Klingaman has noted, 1919 was the year the modern world began. In 1919 representatives from nations and peoples across the globe came together to negotiate not just the end of World War I but more fundamentally the shape of the world order for the young twentieth century.


Physicochemicalwater quality parameters of effluentsfrom an industrial area in Hyderabad have been determined.Treatment of tli.eeffluentswithactivatedcharcoal has beencarried out at different pH valuesfor different periods of time. Reduction in colour of the effluentsis also studied at different pH values by measuringthe absorption at 390nm. It isfound that maximumreduction ofcolour isobtained at a pH of2.07 when the sample is treated for 3 h. Adsorption isotherms are developed for the effluentsunder different experimental conditions which may be useful for the design of wastewater treatment plants. Kinetics of adsorption and Langmuir constants are evaluated.


The collapse of the Soviet Union has focused attention on the problem of Russian national-political identity in a particularly acute way. In the wake of the August 1991 coup, the contagios of separatist demands within the Russian Republic (RSFSR)-appearing in certain "national autonomies" such as Tatarstan and Chechenia, later in efforts to create a Siberian Republic, a Far Eastern Republic and so forth-threatens to sunder the newly formed Russian state in much the lame way that it shattered the USSR. At the same time, a host of new voices in the forro of parties, movements, and blocs has emerged to address the question of national identity. They act within a framework developed by intellectuals in their respective books, journals and pamphlets. Moreover, the advent of organized political forces with the potential to reach the mass public has elevated the issue of Russian nationalpolitical identity to a new stage. It is these (orces and their rival conceptions of the Russian state that constitute the object of this article.


The urban spatial expansionis the exhibition of the urbanizationphenomenon in space.Therefore the urban spatial expansionis one of the importantmeasure indexesto estimate the level of the urbanization.Because China is in the rapid developmentperiod of urbanization,toknowthe information of urban expansion in time has important value to urban planning,urban construction,urban management and decision-making.The thesis combined topography map and remote sensing data to analyze and research the spatial-temporal process and mechanism of the urbanexpansionin Changchun city during past 50 years.During past 50 years,the urban expansion was quick in Changchun city,as a whole,having been well ordered,mezzo speed and continuableprocess.When new polycentricand group urban expansion are occurring,to effectively carry out new master urban planning and protect basiccropland are urgent affairs.


Developments in the new genetics, including the Human Genome Project, have been the subject of much media coverage and some public debate. But the views of disabled people-- arguably one of the groups most affected by these developments--have, until recently, been largely absent from this public discourse. The rapid growth and routinization of prenatal testing has been subsumed under a rubric of 'improvements in prenatal care', even though the anticipated outcome of the increasing numbers of prenatal tests available remains selective abortion of fetuses detected as having an impairment. This paper sets out to surface and explore some of the fundamental issues, assumptions and contradictions hidden in 'normal practice' in this area, in particular the tension between two of the apparent goals of prenatal testing programmes: an extension of parental choice and a commitment to impairment prevention. It begins by reviewing in detail some of the critical arguments put forward by disabled people on the implications of the 'new' genetics and developments in prenatal testing for disability rights. It then considers the particular (and hitherto largely ignored) issues affecting people with learning difficulties (intellectual disabilities) who have been particularly excluded from the debate. One innovative initiative, aimed at sharing information on the subject with a group of people with learning difficulties and finding out their responses and opinions on policies and practice relating to prenatal testing and abortion, is described, along with some of the dilemmas involved in developing a strategy for developing and sharing accessible information on the subject to people with learning difficulties more widely. The paper concludes with a review of the issues and assumptions demanding further public attention in a society now officially committed, via the Disability Discrimination Act, to combating discrimination against disabled people and promoting their equal rights.


The concept of oneself as a person is an important pillar in the emotional well-being of the university student and plays a decisive and central role in the development of academic and professional life. According to the World Health Organization, mental health is a state of well-being in which human beings recognize their own abilities, face the various adversities of life, obtain productive results and contribute positively to the community to which they belong. There is a lack of research related to the self-concept of the university student; based on the above, the study aimed to analyze the relationship of self-concept and academic performance of students in a graduate program at the University of San Carlos de Guatemala. The study had a mixed approach and an explanatory sequential design. The sample consisted of 15 students, including men and women. A high percentile was identified in the dimensions of academic and physical self-concept. Statistically, it was concluded that there is a significant correlation at level 0.05 between the physical dimension of self-concept and academic performance; In this sense, the students relate the physical self-concept with the practice of activities that contribute to channel and reduce the levels of stress generated by daily routines, which affects academic and professional performance.


Abstract Brazil has an "African-origin" population that is proportionally more than four times larger that of African Americans in the United States, but white Brazilians mostly dominate electoral politics. How do ordinary citizens explain this phenomenon? Drawing on a large-sample survey of public opinion in the state of Rio de Janeiro, this article explores perceived explanations for nonwhite underrepresentation in the political arena. It also examines attitudes toward a particular black candidate, Benedita da Silva, to discern the state of negro identity politics. Most Brazilians in Rio de Janeiro cite racial prejudice to explain nonwhite exclusion, although whites do this less than nonwhites. Indicators of a racial undercurrent in political preferences suggest the importance of allegiances based on perceived common racial origins. Class is robustly associated with voting preferences, suggesting that, in contrast to the United States, class differences among nonwhites in Brazil could attenuate the success of negro identity politics.


Culture and Phenotyping of Chondrocytes in Primary Culture Sylvie Thirion and Francis Berenbaum Culture of Chondrocytes in Alginate Beads Frederic De Ceuninck, Christophe Lesur, Philippe Pastoureau, Audrey Caliez, and Massimo Sabatini Immortalization of Human Articular Chondrocytes for Generation of Stable, Differentiated Cell Lines Mary B. Goldring Culture of Immortalized Chondrocytes and Their Use As Models of Chondrocyte Function Mary B. Goldring Generation of Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Differentiation to the Chondrocytic Phenotype Luis A. Solchaga, Jean F. Welter, Donald P. Lennon, and Arnold I. Caplan Semiquantitative Analysis of Gene Expression in Cultured Chondrocytes by RT-PCR Gaelle Rolland-Valognes Quantification of mRNA Expression Levels in Articular Chondrocytes With PCR Technologies Audrey McAlinden, Jochen Haag, Brigitte Bau, Pia M. Gebhard, and Thomas Aigner RNA Extraction From Cartilage Frederic Mallein-Gerin and Jerome Gouttenoire Gene Expression Analysis in Cartilage by In Situ Hybridization Frederic Mallein-Gerin and Jerome Gouttenoire Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Cartilage and Isolated Chondrocytes by Microarray Analysis Thomas Aigner, Joachim Saas, Alexander Zien, Ralf Zimmer, Pia M. Gebhard, and Thomas Knorr High-Efficiency Nonviral Transfection of Primary Chondrocytes Jean F. Welter, Luis A. Solchaga, and Matthew C. Stewart In Vitro Gene Transfer to Chondrocytes and Synovial Fibroblasts by Adenoviral Vectors Jean-Noel Gouze, Martin J. Stoddart, Elvire Gouze, Glyn D. Palmer, Steven C. Ghivizzani, Alan J. Grodzinsky, and Christopher H. Evans Changes of Chondrocyte Metabolism In Vitro: An Approach by Proteomic Analysis Anne-Marie Freyria and Michel Becchi Analysis of ChondrocyteFunctional Markers and Pericellular Matrix Components by Flow Cytometry Gust Verbruggen, Jun Wang, Lai Wang, Dirk Elewaut, and Eric M. Veys A Simple and Reliable Assay of Proteoglycan Synthesis by Cultured Chondrocytes Frederic De Ceuninck and Audrey Caliez Assays of Proteoglycan and Collagen Degradation in Cultures of Rabbit Cartilage Explants Christophe Lesur and Massimo Sabatini Production of Antibodies Against Degradative Neoepitopes in Aggrecan John S. Mort and Peter J. Roughley Immunoassays for Collagens in Chondrocyte and Cartilage Explant Cultures R. Clark Billinghurst, Fackson Mwale, Anthony Hollander, Mirela Ionescu, and A. Robin Poole Detection of Apoptosis in Cartilage In Situ and in Isolated Chondrocytes Darryl D. D'Lima, Klaus Kuhn, and Martin K. Lotz Expression, Activity, and Regulation of MAP Kinases in Cultured Chondrocytes Jang-Soo Chun Mechanical Loading of Chondrocytes Embedded in 3D Constructs: In Vitro Methods for Assessment of Morphological and Metabolic Response to Compressive Strain David A. Lee and Martin M. Knight In Vitro Physical Stimulation of Tissue-Engineered and Native Cartilage Kelvin W. Li, Travis J. Klein, Kanika Chawla, Gayle E. Nugent, Won C. Bae, and Robert L. Sah Index


This thesis is concerned with the problems of agricultural price administration. It is an examination of the different agricultural price administration experiments that have been used. These administered price experiments are the topics of discussion.


Objective: to improve the efficiency of diagnosis of various forms of stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis. Material and methods. Ultrasonography of the maxillary sinuses in 86 patients (mean age 40,4 ± 3,2 years) with clinical signs of maxillary sinusitis has been conducted with the help of ultrasound diagnostic apparatus ACUSON X 500, ATSmod.539 (SIEMENS, USA) in B-mode, as described by V. Shilenkova. Initial evaluation of patients allowed to diagnose iatrogenic form of stomatogenic sinusitis in 68 (79.1%) patients, odontogenic form - in 18 (20.9%). Assessment of pathological changes has been performed in the sinuses by values given in the literature [2, 3, 6, 7]. Results of the study are presented in the tables in absolute values (abs.), as fractions (percent) and the error of share. Statistical analysis of the absolute values has been determined by Student's method, comparison of share - by xi-square method. Results of the study. Sonographic picture of the maxillary sinus reflects the clinical and radiological features of the studied forms of the disease. Ultrasonic status indicators of mucosa of the maxillary both in odontogenic (44.4%) and in iatrogenic (45.6%) sinuses indicated more in the absence of pathological changes in its thickness, which corresponded to isogenic signal. While in iatrogenic form of stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis such sonographic signs dominated: the hyperechogenicity membrane (30.8%), the heterogeneity of its echostrucure (52.9%), hyperechoic nature of the contents of the sinus (39.7%), sinus arcuate contour of the rear wall (36.8 %). While in odontogenic maxillary sinusitis of stomatogenic form, such signs dominated: hypoechogenicity membrane (27.8%), the homogeneity of its echostructure (45.6%); acoustic shadow in sinus (72.2%), the arcuate contour of the rear wall (27.8%). Conclusions . 1. Reduced forms of stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis in the ultrasonographic picture the intact sinus mucosa (in 44.4 and 45.6% of cases) and serous exudate character is identified in the majority of patients (36.8 and 27.8%). 2. Ultrasound signs of chronic inflammation in the sinus with the presence of a plurality of inflammatory origin inclusions, mucosal sclerosis and serous effusion are more typical for iatrogenic form of stomatogenic maxillary sinus. 3. Ultrasound signs of acute catarrh with exudation in the prevalence of mucosal thickness, lack of content in the lumen of the sinuses, serous effusion are more typical for forms of odontogenic form of stomatogenic maxillary sinus.


This study examines the awareness, the implementation status, and the results from implementing Lean among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in two segments of Virginia's manufacturing industry. One hundred and eighty responses from a census mail survey (population size 1033) were analyzed and the results confirm previous research that smaller enterprises in these industries are marginally aware of Lean and its potential benefits. Smaller enterprises also have implemented Lean to a lesser degree than have medium or large enterprises. Also, fewer respondents working in small enterprises reported improvements in 'lead-time,' 'on-time delivery,' 'inventory turnover,' 'cost per unit,' and 'sales per employee' due to the implementation of Lean than respondents from medium and large enterprises. Small enterprises also indicated a lower need for Lean implementation support from third parties than did medium or large enterprises.


The control of animal trypanosomiasis consists, amongst other things, the punctual treatment of new cases, primarily diagnosed by pastoralists on the basis of clinical signs. This practice suggests that many healthy infected animals are left untreated. In this study, animal trypanosomiasis in cattle of good body condition score was evaluated, the existence of polyclonal anti-trypanosome (Anti-tryps) and its serotherapy implications were discussed. From January to March 2020, the study was carried out in the Mission Special d'Eradication des Glossines in Ngaoundere. A total of 298 blood samples were collected from cattle in randomly selected ranches in Ngaoundere. The blood samples were subjected to parasitological examination using the buffy coat method and the packed cell volume determined. A serum sample of cattle with trypanosome was subjected to serotherapeutical study against Trypanosoma congolense in mice and the parasitemia and mortality were analyzed. An overall trypanosomiasis prevalence of 4.02% was found in the cattle examined. Trypanosome-infected cattle had significantly (P = 0.0001) lower Packed Cell Volumes (PCV). Anemia was highly associated with trypanosome infection (OR = 10.54; p = 0.0005). Species of trypanosomes identified were Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax. Concentration of 5 μl/g body weight of antiserum showed significantly (P = 0.02) protective effect in cure and passive immunization of mice. In conclusion, carriers of trypanosomes are present amongst cattle of good body condition score. Attempts to successfully reduce the population of reservoir of trypanosomes within herds and control the disease will need to consider mass screening including both animals of good and poor body conditions and anti-sera of trypanosomes will be a good candidate for therapeutical and preventive control.


was estimated in mice brain and liver. Studies on cell-mediated immunity and some other clinical assessments of these drugs were made in human subjects. Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Altingia excelsa, glycoside plumieride (from Nerium indicum roots), and Diospyros peregrina were found to increase duration of survival of mice, during swimming and in hermetically sealed vessels. Besides, a variety of stress-induced effects like gastric ulcers and adrenal changes were prevented by these drugs. All these drugs increased the level of SDH in brain and liver of mice during stress and enhanced cell-mediated immunity in human subjects. Their major effects appear to be through inducing a state of non-specific increase in resistance; increased SDH enzyme (increased cellular energy) and immuno-modulator action. Ocimum sanctum, and Withania somnifera were better than Panax ginseng in these tests.


An expression for the emitted fluorescence radiation by an atom near a phase conjugator is derived from a plane-wave expansion of the electric field operator and Heisenberg's equation of motion for the annihilation operator. The result is compared to a solution which was found previously, based on the classical Maxwell equations, where it is shown that both theories yield the same expression for the field in the radiation zone, in the limit of a transparent medium, which confirms the correctness of either approach to the problem of optical phase conjugation of atomic radiation.


We present an instrument-independent benchmarking procedure and software (LFQ_bout) for validation and comparative evaluation of the performance of LC-MS/MS and data processing workflows in bottom-up proteomics. It enables back-to-back comparison of common and emerging workflows, e.g. diaPASEF or ScanningSWATH, and evaluates the impact of arbitrary, inadequately documented settings or black-box data processing algorithms. The procedure enhances the overall performance and quantitative accuracy while enabling the detection of major error types.


Aim
The purpose of this study is to compare and highlight the scope for research into outdoor recreational pursuits in Sweden and Norway.

- What are the similarities and differences in the fina ...


The upstep tone is not common in the Igbo language but there had been a suspicion of its existence in the Abankeleke dialect cluster. In a recent study though, the upstep tone is not recorded in these dialects at the level of the word. This paper therefore investigates the existence of the upstep tone in sentences in two dialects of the Abankeleke dialect cluster; Izii and Ezaa. The data are collected from four adult L1 speakers of each of the two dialects through structured oral interview. The data is recorded with the Audacity software and analyzed with the Praat. In the findings, the upstep tone is not recorded rather the high raising tone is evidenced. Therefore, the paper concludes that the upstep tone is not a feature of these dialects.


Excitation functions for the 51V(( alpha ,n), ( alpha ,3n), ( alpha ,p3n), ( alpha ,p6n), ( alpha , alpha 3n), ( alpha , alpha 2pn), ( alpha ,2 alpha ), ( alpha ,2 alpha n) and ( alpha ,2 alpha 3n)) reactions have been measured up to 120 MeV using the stacked foil technique with a view to improving the quality of data, which were measured with poor resolution scintillation and Ge(Li) detectors some 20 years ago. The reaction V( alpha ,p6n) is measured for the first time. The experimental results are compared with calculations considering equilibrium as well as pre-equilibrium reactions according to the hybrid model of Blann(1984). A broad general agreement is observed between the experimental results and theoretical predictions with an initial exciton configuration of n0=(4p0h).


The separation of powers often makes it difficult to understand who is responsible for legislative outcomes. Both members of Congress and presidents seek to shape perceptions of policy responsibility to their advantage. Yet, the relative size of the president's rhetorical stage gives him disproportionate influence in molding these discussions at critical moments. Given these circumstances, how, when, and why, do presidents claim credit for themselves and attribute credit to members of Congress for legislation? Using an original dataset based upon a content analysis of all presidential signing statements from 1985–2008, we find that presidential strategies to claim and attribute credit for laws are greatly impacted by both political context (approval, divided government, midterm elections, and party power) and bill-specific attributes (appropriations, salience, and veto threats). The theory and results highlight the importance of taking multiple institutions into account when thinking about credit.


In this article, I mainly discuss the dynamics of the pre-inflationary Universe for the potential V ( ϕ ) ∝ ϕ n with n = 5 / 3 in the context of loop quantum cosmology, in which the big bang singularity is resolved by a non-singular quantum bounce. In the case of the kinetic energy-dominated initial conditions of the scalar field at the bounce, the numerical evolution of the Universe can be split up into three regimes: bouncing, transition, and slow-roll inflation. In the bouncing regime, the numerical evolution of the scale factor does not depend on a wide range of initial values, or on the inflationary potentials. I calculate the number of e-folds in the slow-roll regime, by which observationally identified initial conditions are obtained. Additionally, I display the phase portrait for the model under consideration.


The development of modern design decided the features of the modern design teaching.According to modern design tendency,logo design teaching developed,at the meantime,it promoted the development of modern design.Scientific logo design system and intergrative logo design curriculum will promote logo design teaching to develop and make it be important base for the whole modern design teaching.


Aluminum nitride (AlN) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) bilayer structure has been widely utilized in temperature-compensated micromechanical resonators as SiO2 has unique positive temperature coefficients of elasticity. However, the thermal expansion mismatch would cause large bending deformation and stress distribution in the resonant plate. In this study, a symmetrical SiO2/AlN/SiO2 sandwiched structure is proposed to reduce the temperature-induced deformation in the asymmetrical AlN/SiO2 bilayer plate. The thermal compensation at high temperatures for the Lamb wave resonators utilizing the lowest-order symmetric (S0) mode in the SiO2/AlN/SiO2 sandwiched structure is theoretically investigated herein. While operation temperature rises from room temperature to 600 °C, the temperature-induced bending deformation in the symmetrical SiO2/AlN/SiO2 composite plate is much less than that in the AlN/SiO2 composite plate conventionally used for temperature compensation. Furthermore, the different material properties ...


A tire pressure monitoring system or a monitoring system for a first parameter has a receptacle (14, 200, 356) and a receiver (20, 90, 220, 370). The transducer (14, 200, 356) is located at a first location and senses the tire pressure and a first parameter. The receiver (20, 90, 220, 370) is located at a second location near the transducer (14, 200, 356) and generates a first parameter or the tire pressure signal indicative thereof. It has a first coil (62, 230, 347), a second coil (64, 232, 376) and an amplifier (70, 94, 272) with a feedback branch. The two coils are built so that an electromagnetic coupling occurs between them, so that the feedback in the feedback branch of the amplifier (70, 94, 372) is either zero or negative. The measured first parameter and tire pressure can be displayed on a display (80). The transducer preferably has a resonant circuit (32, 362) having a coil (34, 202, 364) and a capacitor (36, 204, 366), wherein one of inductance or capacitance can be pressure-dependent. Alternately a pressurized can also be a switch in the resonant circuit (36, 362) are pressure-dependent opened or closed. If the flowmeter (14, 200, 356) into operative distance from the receiver (20, 90, 220, 370) at its oscillating state of the non-vibrating state of rest varies in an oscillating state due to the electromagnetic coupling between the transducer (14, 200, 356) and .. ,


In this paper, we studied on the detection of series arcing which is a main cause of electrical fires in low-voltage indoor wiring system. To distinguish series arcing state from normal one, we proposed a detection method based on that the magnitude of arc voltage included in AC voltage varies at random during series arcing. We designed and fabricated a high-pass filter with the low cut-off frequency of 3 kHz to attenuate AC voltage by -80 dB or below, and to pass arc voltage without distortion. Also, a phase shift algorithm which eliminates the periodic component of arc voltage was used for nonlinear loads like incandescent lamps controlled by a dimmer.


This reflection is based on the experiences personal production of mural works and its link with the subject of painting wall teaches at the Arts Institute of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo. Questions on the feasibility of create a method of carrying out works that current basic needs the teaching of the mural, such as the freedom of expression, creativity and originality of the work and the development of the character and the personality of the student of Arts Visual., raises the hypothesis that the characteristics recreational and cognitive and academic flexibility method Biographical has enormous potential to develop the student personal pictorial processes and collaborate in the pursuit of his language formal., the student with this method builds the narrative of your proposal process muralist, as a recreated history where he is the protagonist and agent of change and improvement of their knowledge.


This Paperhas used bibliometrics method to investigate the authors and papers of Journal of Fishery Sciences of China in 2009.The periodical editors and subject workers should provide reference forthe exchange of information.


We are encouraged by Lutwak and Dill's letter, and we agree that health care competency, accessibility, and equity are among the key goals that should drive service to our veterans. Because a burgeoning research base documents health issues among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (i.e., sexual and gender minority) veterans, we are likely to see disparities similar to those currently identified in nonveteran sexual and gender minority populations (e.g., smoking, suicide risk, victimization). However, there also may be unique issues among sexual and gender minority veterans yet to be uncovered (e.g., trauma from childhood adversity interacting with military trauma). Surveillance of disparities is crucial, and there are critical needs for intervention and implementation science to address disparities. Here we take the opportunity to comment on the latter to briefly highlight that action is indeed taking place both within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and within health care practice and research in general. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 14, 2012: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300815). Language: en


Diethyl Ether is a clear flammable liquid, has a unique odor, has low boiling point (38 C), has low solubility in the water, able to be used as solvent for various organic material and an alternate for fuel. Diethyl Ether can be produced by dehydration reaction of ethanol with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. However, the use of sulfuric acid as a catalyst has a weakness. The weakness is the difficulty to separate the product and the catalyst. That weakness can be solved by the use of solid catalysts. The solid catalysts are CuO, ZnO and gamma alumina that mixed together. This experiment uses absolute ethanol as feed. This experiment will find the realtion between the time and pressure operation with % conversion and %yield. The fixed variables are the temperature (45 C), the mass of catalyst (10 gram) and the volume (400 mL). The product is analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). The result from the experiment is the the higher pressure operation the lower % conversion and % yield. It is caused the higher pressure operation, the more difficult dehydration reaction occured. Meanwhile, the longer time the higher % conversion and % yield at 2 and 2,5 bar. This increse is caused by the longer time, the more ethanol reacted. In other hand, there is a decreasing of % conversion and % yield at 3 and 3,5 bar. The decreasing occur after 30 minutes (3 bar) and 20 minutes (3,5 bar). The decreasing is caused by the high of the pressure operation. The best operation condition from this experiment is at 2 bar and 40 minutes with 18,4 % conversion and % yield.


Different nitrogen sources, pure N2, pure NO, and NO mixed with O2 (25% NO + 75% O2), are used to confirm the effects of N+, N2+, and NO+ ion implantation on the p-type conversion of ZnO:Al (AZO) films by plasma-immersion ion implantation (PIII) based on N-Al codoping mechanism. For the plasma of N2, NO, and NO mixed with O2, the major implanted ions are, respectively, N2+ ions, N2+ mixed with NO+ ions, as well as N+ mixed with O+ ions, confirmed by the optical emission spectra of plasma. After activation by postimplanted annealing, the photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicate that the implanted N+, N2+, and NO+ ions replace the O sites and form nitrogen atom substitutions at O sites [(NO)], nitrogen molecule substitutions at O sites [(N2)O], as well as zinc nitrite and zinc nitrate, respectively. Among all the N-induced defects, only NO contribute to the p-type conversion of ZnO films. That explains why p-type conversion is only successfully achieved by NO mixed with O2, while others still remain n-type conductivity. The mechanism of p-type conversion by N2, NO, and NO mixed O2 PIII was investigated in this paper.


Coding of speech signals at low bitrates, such as 16 kbps, has to rely on an efficient speech reproduction model to achieve reasonable speech quality. However, for audio signals not fitting to the model this approach generally fails. On the other hand, generic audio codecs, designed to handle any kind of audio signal, tend to show unsatisfactory results for speech signals, especially at low bitrates. To overcome this, a process was initiated by ISO/MPEG, aiming to standardize a new codec with consistent high quality for speech, music and mixed content over a broad range of bitrates. After a formal listening test evaluating several proposals MPEG has selected the best performing codec as the reference model for the standardization process. This paper describes this codec in detail and shows that the new reference model reaches the goal of consistent high quality for all signal types.


Continued study of arc properties using emission spectroscopy coupled with computer simulation of the heat flow in welds has led to an understanding of the phenomena that control weld fusion zone shape. It was found that the liquid metal flow patterns in the weld pool are of prime importance and that arc current density characteristics and base metal properties have only indirect influence. The mode of interaction between the arc and weld pool flow is presented in qualitative terms.


The OECD's recent research initiative, Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers (OECD 2002), has highlighted teacher supply and demand as an area of international concern. Using data collected in this area as part of a wider OECD initiative (the PISA 2000 study) an individual-level analysis was conducted on the views on teacher recruitment and retention of 5416 headteachers, principals and administrators working in secondary schools in 25 countries. The findings showed considerable variation between countries in terms of perceptions of the impact of teacher shortages, inadequacy and turnover. Surprisingly, however, differences in the reports of headteachers working in the same countries were only rarely related to the size, location, or other characteristics of the schools in which they worked.

Although there has been considerable previous research into headteachers' views on this issue, much of this research has been, by necessity, small scale and restricted to a single nation. This article provides a much larger scale perspective and allows international comparisons to be made.


World faced a number of natural and man-triggered catastrophic disasters during the last decade, originated by earthquakes and terrorist attacks. Hence, term "rescue operations" and "Urban Search and Rescue (USAR)" gained new sense. Time of rescue teams to find people buried in ruins is too short (about 48 hours). Analysis shows that all world centres for robotics, autonomous systems and artificial intelligence work on problems of design and control of rescue devices and processing of inflowing sensor data.


: Inspired by nature, experiments on the aerodynamic behavior of wings and wind 11 turbines with sinusoidal leading-edge continued over the last two decades. The 12 studies showed promising results at post-stall flow regimes as tubercles cause a 13 more gradual lift loss and a higher stall angle of attack. This study aims to 14 investigate numerically the dependence of the wing's aerodynamic coefficients 15 on the tubercle's wavelength and amplitude at the stall angle of attack and 3D flow 16 regime. The results show that increasing the tubercle's average amplitude up to 17 0.02 of the average chord increases the lift coefficient by 23.61% and decreases 18 the drag coefficient by 4.61%. Similarly, decreasing the wavelength especially up 19 to 1.1096 of the average chord increases the lift coefficient up to 21.55% and 20 decreases the drag coefficient by 9.50%. Flow visualization shows that zones of 21 attaching and separation flow form on the suction surface of the scalloped wings 22 whereas the baseline wing is in a deep stall.


Since Metchnikoff's publication ''The Prolongation of Life'' (Metchnikoff 1908) proposed the use of live bacteria to improve health, a precise definition of probiotics has yet to be formulated, however a widely held definition is ''live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host'' (FAO/WHO 2002). However, an on-going challenge with using probiotics is maintaining their viability while they are stored and sold. This challenge is compounded when probiotics are used in agriculture as feed supplements, since it may not be economical to use freeze drying or refrigeration to maintain the viability of microbes in a product. We analysed four agricultural probiotic feed supplements used by the New Zealand dairy industry, to estimate the number of live probiotic microbes in each product using a combination of culture techniques, particle size analysis and live/dead staining.


The invention provides epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is good in operability, is halogen-free and can form a condensate having high glass transition temperature and high fire resistance. The invention relates to the epoxy resin represented by a general formula (1), a preparation method of the epoxy resin, an epoxy resin composition containing the epoxy resin, a semiconductor sealant containing the epoxy resin composition, the condensate containing the epoxy resin composition as well as a semiconductor device containing the condensate.


The Working Collective and the Community In Yugoslavia the workers in a given enterprise, which is called the "working collective," elect a "council of workers"; the council participates in the selection of the director of the enterprise, approves the plan of the enterprise, controls the hiring and firing of workers, and fixes wages. The workers share in the total earnings of the working collective, in what are called "funds for enterprise use." (These are funds which may be invested or paid out to members of the collective.) Yugoslavs put a great deal of emphasis on the social solidarity of the workers in their system, and they contrast this solidarity with the isolation of the worker in a capitalist economy. Everyone under capitalism, it is suggested, works only for himself. Everyone is alone. Capitalism, one economist told me in 1967 when I was in Yugoslavia, created a good factor of production but a poor man. In the Yugoslav enterprise, on the other hand, in the working collective, men are in partnership with one another. They work, presumably, for the group and not only for themselves. Implicit in the notion of the working collective is the idea of an equal, or not too unequal, distribution of its income. A distribution of income completely in accordance with individual productivity or performance and correspondingly unequal would run counter to the desired social solidarity. And in fact there has been a reluctance in Yugoslavia to pay high incomes to skilled workers and managers. Social solidarity is not to stop at the enterprise. The workers in any one collective are supposed to be concerned about workers in other collectives and concerned about the community at large. For one thing, the bankruptcy of a working collective is possible but has rarely occurred in practice. Enterprises experiencing difficulties have commonly received subsidies. Then, housing and communal services have been heavily sub-


A buse of history , as just shown, seems the gravest of heritage sins. How just is this charge? We can judge only by clarifying what both history and heritage seek to do. That is my aim in the next three chapters. This chapter surveys history as an enterprise distinct from heritage and explains why their differences render criticisms of heritage as "bad history" null and void. History is protean. What it is, what people think it should be, and how it is told and heard all depend on perspectives peculiar to particular times and places. An American scholar in 1948 likened Clio, the muse of history, to a career woman (she had once been a social butterfly); in the Soviet Union, Clio was more likely to be a streetwalker or a bureaucrat. We all screen history through manifold lenses. Carl Becker's 1931 presidential address to American historians described how "Everyman" patterns history out of a thousand largely unremarked and unrelated sources: from things learned at home and in school, from knowledge gained in business or profession, from newspapers glanced at, from books (yes, even history books) read or heard of, from remembered scraps of newsreels or educational films or ex-cathedra utterances of presidents and kings, from fifteen-minute discourses on the history of civilization broadcast by courtesy … of Pepsodent, the Bulova Watch Company, or the Shepard Stores in Boston. Today you and I chronicle our own impressions out of materials now quite different from, but no less diversified than, those of Becker's Everyman. Such pastiches of the past are as idiosyncratic in today's Britain as in 1930s America.


Olefins production plants are large-scale processes in most of which gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons are cracked to produce light olefins. The complex and large-scale nature of these plants makes i...


The characters of this genus are given at length under the name of Tenthredoides (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iv., p, 29o), which airpears to be synonymous. It may be easily recognized by the short robust body, rather lalge transverse head, stout legs, broad ampie wings (which are, gencrally fuliginous). and especially by the form of the marginal cell, which is rather suddenly constricted (or somewhat reclivate) at tip of second sub-marginal cell, and thence narrowed to the apex, which is somewhat incurved, and reaches the extreme apex of the wing; this, as well as the second and third submarginal cells, are indistinctly defined, the nervures being sub-obsolete.


The term of value is the critical key for lean thinking, which is generated through a fulfillment of customer demands. Tackling the complexity between the project execution and value generation, using the classical way of management is a kind of challenge. Therefore, the optimization of the Value-adding generation is the core focus by this research, in which, a new understanding framework for rebuilding the conventional structure of Value-adding system into a new Value-adding Generation and Assessment model (VGA) is evolved. The mechanism of this model is to cause the value to flow across construction process in the best achievable sequence and rate through different conversations. These conversation are value design, mapping, analysis, adjust mapping, and processing and assessment, which are interchangeably accomplished. In addition, the VGA model framework is be characterized in terms of the principles that guide thinking and action, the functions, and the methods used to apply these principles and perform these functions. The development of the VGA model suggests a push towards a new understanding of the value-adding generation assessment process in construction projects. It further contributes to an efficient implementation of lean construction vision of completing projects with minimum Non-Value-adding activities 'waste' and maximum value.


In other essays on "European Law," Borner deals with the admissibility of protective emergency measures adopted by a national administration in order to protect its national market, pleads for a common energy policy within the EEC, and examines the extent to which establishing joint ventures is compatible with the EEC rules on freedom of competition and against the establishment of a dominant position within the EEC. The remaining essays deal with problems of German economic law, which will be of interest to comparatists. The subjects covered include price control, control of the abuse of a dominant market position, problems of the German electricity industry relating to power network delimitation and enforced competition, the right of municipalities to oblige their inhabitants to join a longdistance heating system, and a project to harmonize the existing seven Lander mining laws in a German federal mining law. A particular focus of Borner's discussion here is the distribution of mining damages between the party holding title to a given piece of land and the party who owns the mining rights.


Double precision digital computer program for computing parameters and initial conditions of matched heliocentric and planetocentric phases of interplanetary trajectories


1. Use the peptide Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-OH for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of cancer, autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, lung diseases , heart and vascular diseases and metabolic diseases. ! 2. Use of a peptide according to claim 1, wherein the malignant tumor, autoimmune disease, fibrosis, inflammatory disease, neurodegenerative disease, infectious disease, lung disease, heart and vascular disease or metabolic disease is selected from the infection Streptococcus pneumoniae, infection-related diseases Streptococcus pneumoniae namely hemolytic uremic syndrome, pneumonia, meningitis, complications of cystic fibrosis, middle ear diseases, infections in the blood stream, sinus infections and ear, acute sinusitis, otitis media his ear, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, endocarditis, peritonitis, pericarditis, and brain abscess. ! 3. Use of a peptide according to claim 1 or 2 for the preparation of a composition for oral administration to newborns, toddlers and / or children of preschool age. ! 4. Use of a peptide according to claim 1 or 2 for the preparation of a lyophilized formulation or a buffered liquid composition. ! 5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the peptide Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-OH together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, cryoprotectant, lyoprotectant, excipient and / or diluent. ! 6. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 5 in form of a lyophilisate or liquid buffer solution. ! 7. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 5 or 6 suitable for intravenously


Cladistic analyses of a morphological database for 37 Australian species of Gardenia Ellis and Randia Houst. ex L. demonstrate the polyphyly of both genera. Five clades are identified, with Randia audasiiC. T. White placed in an isolated position. Four of these clades are assigned to extant genera: Aidia Lour., Atractocarpus Schltr. et K. Krause, Gardenias.s. and Kailarsenia Tirveng. The following genera are considered as falling within Atractocarpus: Neofranciella Guillaumin, Sukunia A. C. Sm., and Trukia Kaneh. Pelagodendron Seem. belongs with Aidia. Whereas Randia audasii falls within the current concept of Rothmannia Thunb., available data suggest that genus is paraphyletic, and should be confined to the African taxa.


Coastal floods have become a serious problem on a global scale, increasing in frequency or magnitude due to natural conditions, and exacerbated by socioeconomic factors. This investigation analyzes the role of tides and average sea levels on the development and intensity of flooding in the lower section of the Andalién River, located toward the southern extreme of the coast of central Chile and northeast of Concepción, the country's second most populous city. Numerical simulation (1D) was used in five modeled scenarios to determine potential flooding areas, demonstrating the influence of tides in flooding processes as far away as 7.3 km from the river mouth, which is reinforced by the fact that 57% of flooding events occur during syzygies. Further, a climate change-induced sea level rise of 60 cm from current levels by the end of the 21st century would produce a 4% increase in flood-prone areas, with 17% of flooding affecting the current built-up area and 83% of floodplains and salt marshes. Efforts must be made to protect or conserve these latter areas in order to increase natural resilience, given the high costs of implementing structural measures to protect future residential areas.


This study examines the coevolution of trust and legal institutions in a model of competitive credit markets plagued by asymmetric information. When entrepreneurs' relative payoff to productive activities versus cheating is private information, uncivic ones, who intend to cheat, can enter credit markets and be cross-subsidized by civic ones, who engage in productive activities. To exploit this benefit, uncivic entrepreneurs demand weak legal enforcement through the political process. This rent-seeking behavior interacts with the formation of trust, generating an underdevelopment trap with weak enforcement and distrust. Technological advancement may encourage entrepreneurs' rent-seeking and aggravate distrust.


The Exhibition Grounds, which include the site for the Empire Stadium as well as for the British Empire Exhibition, comprise an area of roughly 216 acres. The north-eastern boundary runs parallel with the Metropolitan Railway, and the North Entrance to the Exhibition is only a few yards south of Wembley Park Railway Station bridge. At or near the station the mean level is about 110 feet above O.D.; but the surface of the ground is uneven, and rises to 210 feet above O.D. at Wembley Hill, outside the south-western extremity of the Exhibition area. The Wealdstone Brook runs irregularly along the northern boundary in an easterly direction in the neighbourhood of the Amusement Park, but for the sake convenience its regular course has been slightly diverted at this point and an old lake filled up. The main sections to be described are north of the brook.


ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In tropical climates stingray wounds may not heal for months (195:708, 1966), leaving bad scars. Since 1940 a treatment has been used which yields rapid healing without unbearable pains. There is no scarring of significance and a minimum incapacitation during recovery.The sting of the stingray is a bone, like a double-toothed saw, which lies in a small canal over the tail of the fish. This canal contains glands which secrete a sticky liquid, which is strongly alkaline and is highly destructive to soft tissues.The treatment I have followed consists of immersing the affected member in a warm solution of lactic acid in water, 0.5% to 1.0% depending upon the size of the wounds. This is continued for three to five days. Secondary infection is prevented by the administration of antibiotics.Under this regimen analgesics are needed in minimal amount, if at all. In four


This chapter examines various important low duty cycle MAC protocols and the two most important MAC protocols designed specifically for cooperative Multiple-Input Multiple-
Output (MIMO) transmission. In most cases, the low duty cycle MAC protocols trade off latency for energy efficient operation. Also, we can observe later that asynchronous MAC
protocols are more scalable than synchronous MAC protocols.


For decades, researchers in the internalization of firms have mainly focused on internationalization in developed markets and Asian emerging markets but hardly any attention has been devoted toward ...


The European Commission, in its surveillance program for rare cancers, has defined a rare neoplasm as one with an incidence of 6 per 100,000 people per year. Within this definition, dermal pleomorphic sarcoma is found. Being a tumor whose origin remains unknown and without knowing the cell that originates it, the diagnosis is one of exclusion. For the diagnosis, the support of an expert pathologist and the use of immunohistochemistry and genomic techniques are suggested. The clinical case of a patient with this pathology is presented, which, due to its low prevalence, is important for dissemination among health professionals for a correct diagnosis.


While most of the people on our planet continue to live in nation-states, these states are undergoing changes within their borders and beyond them. Many of these changes are the result of globalization—economic and cultural procedures that have "intensified exchanges across national, ethnic, and territorial borders."1 Others are the result of an electronic revolution that has changed methods of communication and organization in personal and public life. It is especially appropriate that a journal entitled New Literary History should undertake an inquiry into "Literary History in the Global Age." "Literary history" and "the global age" have been intertwined in numerous ways, and contributors have been left to decide what they consider "literary history" to be, what aspects of globalization, if any, influence it, and how electronic transformations have participated in such changes. I have divided the papers into three groups: histories, revisions, and alternatives, even though several could easily fit into more than one category. Following the papers, there are commentaries upon them by Hayden White and Jonathan Arac.


The Pap test has been the most successful screening method for the prevention of cervical cancer with a seventy per cent decrease in its death rate since 1950. This is in the face of the sexual revolution of the 1960's occasioned in part by the introduction of the birth control pill in 1960. The subsequent change in sexual mores and increased promiscuity should have resulted in an increased incidence and death rate from cervical cancer. In fact the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) increased dramatically and its subdequent treatment resulted in successful cancer prevention.


We analyze the impact of acute stress on risky choice in a pre-registered laboratory experiment with 194 participants. We test the causal impact of stress on the stability of risk preferences by separating noise in decision-making from an actual shift in preferences. We find no significant differences in risk attitudes across conditions on the aggregate, using both descriptive analyses as well as structural estimations for risk aversion and different noise structures. Additionally, in line with the previous literature, we find statistically significant evidence for lower cognitive abilities being correlated with more noise in decision-making in general. We do not find a significant interaction effect between cognitive abilities and stress on noise levels.


The invention relates to a multifunctional automatic measuring instrument of a large-scale precise bearing axial play, which comprises an electric system (1), a precise pressure gauge (2), an upper pressing sleeve (3), a precise pressure regulating valve (5), a sensor regulating stand (6), a lateral inductance transducer (7), a gauging mandrel (8), a lower pressing sleeve (9), a gauging main spindle and a charger (10), a bearer (11), a fork-lever coupling (12), a Hall component (13), a synchronous motor (14), and a gauging base (15). The invention solves the difficult problem that a large-scale precise bearing axial play is hard for highly precise measurement, a reliable detecting and analyzing data is provided for assembling and employing a bearing, and a measured bearing (4) is multifunctionally and automatically measured, a need of quick test for a bearing user is satisfied, simultaneously, a measuring standard of an axial play is provided for a precise bearing of a non-separable large-scale finished product which is larger than 100mm.


The prevailing inquiry was performed aiming to know how Numbered Head Together Method was implemented and affect the students learning outcomes of 7th grade in SMP Negeri 1 Panei during Integrated Science Learning process. Cluster random sampling was employed to choose the samples, obtaining 64 students (two classes), in which one class (32 students) acted as experimental class receiving Numbered Head Together learning model, while another class (32 students) acted as control class received by conventional model. Data retrieved were then analyzed using SPSS 21. The analysis resulted that students who received Numbered Head Together learning model had better learning outcomes (80.62) than students' who received conventional model (72.19). Hypothesis was further tested using t-test at significance level of α = 0.05 obtaining tcount (3.30) > ttable (2.00), thus Ha is accepted, indicating that Numbered Head Together learning model affect the Learning Outcomes of 7th grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Panei during Integrated Science learning process. It is concluded that Numbered Head Together has an impact on students learning outcomes of 7th grade of SMP Negeri 1 Panei during Integrated Science learning process at academic year of 2019/2020. The learning by using Numbered Head Together model can improve students' learning outcomes during the Integrated Science subject, therefore such method can be selected as one of the alternatives to plan a better Integrated Science learning.


A leader is a positive and confident person who has a vision, mission and high ethical values, with the ability to convey ideas and is able to encourage and relate well with others. Leadership will be a critical success factor in an organization. This is because leadership is the center point for significant changes in the organization, leadership becomes a personality that has an impact and leadership is an art in creating organizational fit and stability. Leaders in an organization have an important role in directing and influencing their subordinates. Without someone who regulates and directs an organization, the organization will surely be able to achieve its goals in accordance with its vision and mission. Therefore, a leader figure is needed to be able to manage and organize the organization to achieve its goals. Each person's way of leading must be different, be it how to communicate with subordinates or how to workflow. This study aims to examine the comparison of HIMA leadership at Andalas University, Campus II Payakumbuh, Padang State University, Riau University and Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau State Islamic University. This type of research is quantitative research by distributing questionnaires to students who take part in the HIMA organization at the four universities above.


The Western civilization is often considered to be more advanced than any other civilizations. Many people who think that western civilization is always in contradiction with Islamic values. Such this thing, it is written by Samuel P. Huntington that the West would have clash against Islam. The tragedy of 11 September 2001 was a historic event that made the world condemned this action. Some Muslim terrorists launched an attack on the West. Since then, the Western Countries are always alert to everything related to Islam. They think Islam is a threat to the survival of democracy and secularism. Tariq Ramadan Suggested that western Muslims must understand their identity as Western Muslims in order to be accepted in the West and tackle all negative views of Western people which are against them. They can have multiple identities depending on the situation they faced. There are four principles in their identity they are Faith, the understanding of the text and context, education (teaching) and participation. By participating without losing the first of those four principles, means Muslims able and should participate in realizing the integration of Western culture, with carrying on Islamic Values in order to be a significant contribution which equals Islamization.


Abstract:For this study, we use duoethnography in conducting an analysis of recorded pláticas, which is understood as a collaborative process of dialogue to explain our experiences as previous administrators at the University of Missouri during times of racial unrest. Through this article, we provide an understanding of the events leading up to the fall of 2015 and reflect on our experiences as administrators working directly with students and doing inclusion and diversity work. Utilizing critical race theory and critical race feminism we analyze our roles in the movement, the feelings that arose because of institutional dynamics, as well as the oppressive conditions we experienced. In turn, this article sheds light on how the lack of institutional support for inclusion and diversity efforts led to increased campus turmoil and a challenging experience for us as professionals.


We present a modified TacTip biomimetic optical tactile sensor design which demonstrates the ability to induce and detect incipient slip, as confirmed by recording the movement of markers on the sensor's external surface. Incipient slip is defined as slippage of part, but not all, of the contact surface between the sensor and object. The addition of ridges - which mimic the friction ridges in the human fingertip - in a concentric ring pattern allowed for localised shear deformation to occur on the sensor surface for a significant duration prior to the onset of gross slip. By detecting incipient slip we were able to predict when several differently shaped objects were at risk of falling and prevent them from doing so. Detecting incipient slip is useful because a corrective action can be taken before slippage occurs across the entire contact area thus minimising the risk of objects been dropped.


Introduction: In recent years the incidence of proximal humeral fractures increased strongly. Proximal humeral fractures are the third most common fractures after hip and distal radius in elderly population. The optimal treatment of displaced, unstable fractures is still controversial. Few of the repeated problems associated with previous treatment options were implant failure with secondary dislocation, "impingement" and AVN. Aim and Objectives: Aimof this retrospective case-series of 25 patients with proximal humeral fractures was to assess complication, risks and functional outcome after ORIF with an angular stable plate. Material and Method: Retrospective study of 25 patient having proximal humerus fracture during period of June 2015 to May 2016 were classified according to the AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association system by taking AP and Axial Radiograph and those fitting in neer's 7 criteria for operative management were studied. RESULTS: Mean ROM was forward flexion-123 0 , abduction-110 0 , external rotation-45 0 .Average functional scores (minimum 12 months post-op) per AO/ASIF fracture type were 25.3 for type A, 21.4 for type B and 22.7 for type C. There was no statistically significant difference between groups. Functional score for patients over 65 years of age were significantly inferior. Complete humeral head osteonecrosis developed in 2 patients. 1 patient required revision surgery due to fixation failure, 1 had deep infection and 1 had artrhosis. CONCLUSION: Fixation with a PHLP provides "Batter fracture alignment" with Stability & good functionaloutcome. It provides a stable fixation with lesser chances of "impingement" in youngpatients with good-quality bone sufficient to permit early mobilization.Failure of the screws to maintain fixation in the elderly remainsa problem.


Human suicide study currently is unable to show close associations between pathogenic stages and therapeutic outcomes. A wide variety of factors coming from both insiders (human genetic predispositions, plasma levels of hormones and concentrations of neural transmitters) and outsiders (social, culture, environmental, cognitive, habitual and physical handicaps and so on) may equally determine suicide ideation and human mortality. This Editorial emphasizes these items of environmental and biological factors in suicide prediction, preventions and therapeutics.


and definitive history but to create what might be described as a readable handbook that will be purchased by both interested inhabitants and visitors alike. Bearing in mind that there are 18 other States in Nigeria, the focus of information and analysis on only one introduces a touch of irredentism, albeit probably inevitable in a work conceived in this format. Land and People of Nigeria: Rivers State has seven broad themes: the natural and human environments, culture, history, politics and government, the economy, and social development. Introduced by one editor and concluded by the other, the volume assembles the key facts and figures about Rivers, briefly discusses the most significant issues, and assesses the work and failures of recent governments. Many of the contributors are disappointed about what has been achieved, especially in education and the rural areas, as well as the lack of progress made in alleviating the plight of the poor. Some of the problems are attributed to low performance, the mediocrity of staff, incompetence, corruption, and the 'unfairness of the Nigerian political system towards Rivers State and other States in which the oil wealth of the nation is derived'. It is claimed that those living near the mining operations have had their environment damaged and their sources of livelihood destroyed. 'The oil boom which has done so much for and to the Nigerian economy has, therefore, been little short of a disaster for oil producing states, and even worse for oil producing communities'. This book provides a most valuable introduction to the history and culture of the Niger Delta, not least because of its wide range of topics and extensive bibliography. Those who want elaborate arguments and exhaustive data are advised, however, to turn elsewhere. TOYIN FALOLA Department of History, York University, North York, Ontario


The analysis of nutrients in Catharantus roseus (L.) G. Don. showed that it contained mineral elements, fiber, proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins including β-carotene, and at least 17 kinds of amino acid.


We report on properties of a photonic band-gap mode due to a topological defect within a photonic crystal fiber cladding which allows band-gap guidance below the air-line, yielding an unusual dispersion curve.


In the context of democratization and deracialization, Southa Africa's workplaces are undergoing a profound transition. This article investigates worker participation in three different South African case studies and argues that in the context of ongoing conflict and cooperation, participation should be combined with oppositional strategies if labour is going to have any meaningful say in the running of the workplace.


PSA is probably the most commonly used tumour marker in oncology. The absolute tissue specificity of PSA, as well as its well-established rote in clinical decision making, nave certainly contributed to its widespread use. Nevertheless, the familiarity that comes from the frequent use of the marker prompts the need for the awareness of the impact of the methods on the interpretation of the assay results. Actually, PSA values obtained by different methods may vary. Differences may be of clinical relevance in some instances such as when evaluating a PSA value with reference to a given cut-off point or, mainly, when assessing any variation among serial samples from the same patient. This potential variability related to the method is due to the molecular heterogeneity of PSA as well as to the lack of standard reference material. The problem of the binding of PSA to circulating protease inhibitors is of major relevance. The occurrence of several PSA isoforms should also be taken into account. Both a strict standardization of the method and the preparation of a reference standard are expected to reduce the method-related variability. In the meantime, the same assay method should be used to monitor the same patient. Moreover, dose co-operation between the urologist and the clinical pathologist is mandatory in order to be aware of the methodological clues which eventually may affect the decision-making process.


Noise-to-mask ratio (NMR) is a perceptual measurement scheme which gives information about the distance between actual noise and masking threshold. It has been shown to be a useful tool in the development and comparison of perceptual coding schemes. Some «perceptual experiments» carried out with the measurement system as a «test subject» are presented. The results of these measurements are compared with the results obtained with human listeners


In this research, twenty isolated strains of cellulolytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from different soil sources. Cellulase activity of each selected strain was detected by screening of clear zone formation and by using DNS (Dinitrosalicylic colorimetric) method. The clear zone formation were not significant among these strains but amongst them, for cellulose substrate isolated strain K-7 was considered as the most potent isolate in term of their high cellulase productivity in the concentration of 0.452 mg/0.5 ml and in carboxymethyl cellulose substrate, M-1 strain showed maximum yield for cellulase production in the concentration of 0.493 mg/0.5ml. Nitrogen fixation activity of those selected strains was measured by the color changes in G-NFMM (Glucose-Nitrogen Free Mineral Medium) supplemented with BTB (Bromothymol Blue) and ammonium test kit. Composting was studied by using six strains on straw waste. Finished composting was observed for a month and nitrogen rich compost was obtained. The finished compost was used as carrier system and six selected bacterial strains for nitrogen fixation were used as formulated biofertilizer and applied in rice field. They improve rice plant growth, yield and nitrogen content in soil when compared with other rice plant used in chemical fertilizer. Our research can fulfill the aspect of enhancing the usage of environmentally friendly biofertilizer without reducing farmers' profit by maintaining the good yield.


This paper empirically examines whether product market competition plays a significant role in providing incentives for the efficient use of firm resources by employing multidimensional measures of product market competition and firm efficiency. While previous studies have examined this issue using one-dimensional measures such as ROA and ROE, we evaluate firm efficiency using a frontier efficiency methodology. We find that product market competition seems to provide incentives for the efficient use of firm resources only when rivals are not expected to react aggressively to the actions of the competing firm. When firms compete in industries with a high level of strategic interaction, they are forced to react constantly to the actions of rivals. This hinders the firm's ability to focus on efficiency. JEL Classification: G10, G30, L11, L22, L25


A call issued to prison governors to handcuff women prisoners during labour was 'barbaric, insensitive and unnecessary', the conference heard.


Several coal-fired thermal power boilers with the same sub-critical parameters in Mengxi area of Inner Mongolia have successively suffered from cracking and leakage failure events of reheater connecting pipes, most of which occur at chamfered back tool grooves on the inner wall grooves of pipe welding joints. In order to find out the cause of cracking, typical failure samples were intercepted for macro-morphology, microscopy, SEM, chemical composition, mechanical properties, wall thickness measurement analysis and design and operation data investigation of several boiler equipment. The results show that comprehensive factors such as deviation of burning coal type from design of boiler, automatic dispatching of AGC load in power grid, low nitrogen combustion modification and so on cause changes in boiler combustion conditions and operation, which results in excessive high input level of reheater cooling water, resulting in long-term alternating thermal stress and non-periodic vibration of straight pipe and elbow arranged after fine-tuning of refrigerant flow direction in reheater. Finally, thermal fatigue cracks are induced to initiate and propagate through the stress concentration area of the chamfered knife groove of the inner wall of pipe welded joints.


A method for reconstructing the convex scattering support of dielectric objects from near field data is presented.Two different strategies for solving the problem are discussed. The usual reconstruction of the convex scattering support is extended introducing a fast near field to far field transformation based on the analytical expression of an equivalent source in a circular domain. Results of both single and multiview approaches are shown. To evaluate the reconstruction capabilities, some quality parameters are introduced. Single view results could be subjected to detriment at some specific angles of propagation of the incident field, and this is related both to the angle of propagation and to the presence of sharp corners in the object. Multiview results always enclose the dielectric scatterers inside a scattering support smaller than the original investigation domain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2314–2321, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27098


In this paper, we propose an innovative extremely harsh environment (up to 2000°C) distributed temperature sensor by fabricating in-fiber gratings in single crystal sapphire fibers. Temperature is sensed by changing grating optical spectral response. By cascading a set of gratings in the same single crystal sapphire fiber, distributed sensing can be achieved. A quantitative analysis on grating design, fabrication, and performance is presented. Some preliminary experimental results are also reported. Application of this unique in-fiber grating to extremely harsh environment temperature sensor will be performed in the near future.


Soil chemical properties, needle nutrient concentrations and tree growth were investigated 12 years after the application of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 t ha–1 of loose wood ash in a 100-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand. In addition, the effects of wood ash on acidity and element mobility in the soil solution were studied during the 2to 10-year period, and the yields of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (lingonberry) berries were studied during the 11to 14-year period after wood ash application. In the humus layer, wood ash decreased soil acidity by 1.3 to 2.5 pH units, and significantly increased the concentrations of extractable Ca and Mg with the two highest doses of ash. Compared to the controls, the increase in both the total and extractable Ca concentrations was 4-fold and 9-fold after the treatments with 2.5 and 5.0 t ha–1 of wood ash, respectively. The neutralisation effects of wood ash were seen also in the uppermost mineral soil layer, but only with the highest dose of ash. Wood ash had an increasing effect on Ca, K and Mg concentrations in the soil solution at 20 cm depth, but had no appreciable effect either on the NO3 concentration or pH in the soil solution. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb in the soil solution were not increased by the application of wood ash. Wood ash with the dose of 5.0 t ha–1 had a decreasing effect on the yields of V. vitis-idaea berries. Wood ash had no significant effect on volume growth. The two highest doses of wood ash had an increasing effect on B concentrations in the needles.


In this study, three adsorbents were prepared with the raw kaolin issued from the Tamazert region in Algeria (Tamazert kaolin (KT)), for the removal of basic dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The first absorbent, KT-1, was obtained by thermal treatment; the second, KT-2, was obtained by thermal followed by acid treatment; and the third, KT-3, was obtained by thermal followed by acid and alkaline treatments. These adsorbents were characterized by powder X ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, and scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms of MB were correlated with common isotherm equations such as Langmuir and Freundlich models. The modified kaolins (KT-1, KT-2, and KT-3) showed different capacities of the equilibrium adsorption in comparison with raw kaolin (KT). The maximal adsorption capacity (111 mg g−1) was observed with modified kaolin (KT-3). The effect of operating parameters such as the initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature were studied onto KT-3. The removal of MB by adsorbent increased with an increase in adsorbent dose and initial concentration. Kinetics models, the pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order rate equations were applied. The obtained results show that the adsorption of MB by KT-3 was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and the positive value of Δ S ∘ indicated the affinity of MB molecules to the adsorbent surface. This study showed that this new adsorbent could be a good candidate for some activated carbons.


The effect of FK-565, a novel low molecular weight (MW) acyltripeptide, on tumoricidal properties of murine macrophages is reported here. Peritoneal macrophages (PMs) harvested from C57BL/6 mice and beige mice were rendered cytotoxic to syngeneic B16 melanoma cells following their interaction in vitro with FK-565. Maximal and reproducible activation of tumoricidal properties in PM were obtained by interaction in vitro with 25 micrograms/ml of FK-565 for a 24 h period, and as little as 0.5 microgram/ml of FK-565 was sufficient to induce significant cytotoxicity. Murine PMs activated by FK-565 in vitro were cytotoxic to syngeneic and xenogeneic tumor cells, but did not affect allogeneic nontumor cells. The PMs were also activated to kill B16 melanoma cells by intraperitoneal injections of FK-565 (10 mg/kg). Multiple injections of FK-565 into mice also slightly but significantly inhibited lung metastases. These results suggest that FK-565 has potential as an effective immunopotentiator in immunotherapy.


Exercise has been shown to be an effective treatment in the prevention of some complications due to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill running on the capillary regression and associated angiogenic factors in the soleus muscle of T2DM rats.


The concept of weakly quasi-nonexpansive mappings with respect to a sequence is introduced. This concept generalizes the concept of quasi-nonexpansive mappings with respect to a sequence due to Ahmed and Zeyada (2002). Mainly, some convergence theorems are established and their applications to certain iterations are given.


would rather see it under 'Buddha, postures'). Again, this limits the usefulness of the book to a wider audience. The index would also have been the most economical place to cross-reference between Japanese/Korean/Chinese names of monks and to give dates for people and regimes, but these are also lacking. They are given in the text but this is cumbersome and interrupts the narrative flow. There are also several infelitious points of style that I would have hoped a copy-editor would have changed, such as the use of a.k.a, an abbreviation which I would normally associate with criminals or actors. Also, why enclose inside inverted commas terms such as "internationalism" and "cosmopolitanism"? These issues distract from the narrative and thus reduce the force and clarity of the author's arguments — while also making it less accessible to a general audience. I hope that at least some of them can be addressed in a future edition. But, despite this, here is an important and interesting book with much to tell us about how the many new ideas brought by pilgrim monks and others were adopted and adapted in Buddhist art and architecture across east Asia.


We should pay more attention to the market characteristic in the innovation of teaching mode of high vocational education, and it should be much more in favor of the development of the students' ability and personality. In allusion to the property of high vocational education and the demand by markets, the teaching mode "order type" will be the high vocational teaching mode in accordance with high vocational educational development and social demand. There are much more problems of theories and practice about the teaching mode of high vocational education, and we need to explore and innovate them from practice.


Mixture of fly ash (FA) and sewage sludge (SS) has been used as substrates to plant vegetables and turf grasses. Most studies chemically analyzed physiochemical properties of leachates from FA/SS mixtures, but did not considered the effects of plants growing on leaching properties, and the toxicity of leachates on aquatic animals were not well understood. In the present study, FA and SS were mixed in different ratios and then used to cultivate Zoysia matrella and Cynodon dactylon. After one month, these artificial soils were irrigated with water and leachates were collected for three months. Chemical analyses revealed that, although the heavy metal concentrations of FA and SS almost conformed to the relevant national standards, the levels of Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in leachates still exceeded the limits in the Chinese Standard of Surface Water Quality, displaying potential environmental hazards. The effects of leachates on reproduction of Daphnia magna were evaluated and the results showed that leachates from high proportion of FA or SS would both negatively affect D. magna, demonstrating an environmental risk. However, leachates from mixture with FA: SS ratio from 1: 2 to 1: 6 did not significantly affect D. magna. Overall, the present results suggested that applications of FA/SS mixtures as artificial soil potentially contaminated aquatic environments and should be monitored carefully.


The report that nitroalkanes can be obtained from aliphatic alcohols and sodium nitrite in acetic acid hydrochloric acid mixture was shown erroneous. Under these conditions no nitroalkanes but alkyl nitrites were formed.


In the early years of the 20th century, African-American steelworkers were recruited to Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. This short article examines experiences of raciam and antiblackness in housing and employment.


The jeune ecole's return to power was aided by shifting alignments in international politics. Competing imperial projects in Africa caused a dramatic crisis between France and Great Britain. The very determined naval Minister of Marine, J.-L. de Lanessan, did manage to convince most of the admirals in the aftermath of the Fashoda crisis that the French Navy needed a thorough reform of its strategy, doctrines, material, organisation and the composition of the fleet, and that the Royal Navy should be the standard against which it should measure itself. Lanessan, aided by Admiral Fournier, designed a programme for modernising the French Navy that was inspired by the jeune ecole's ideas of how to fight a superior enemy, but at the same time retained many of the traditional elements of naval policy. Lanessan's programme thus resembled many of the ideas put forward by the predecessor of the jeune ecole, Richild Grivel.Keywords: Fashoda crisis; French Navy; Great Britain; J.-L. de Lanessan; jeune ecole


Pseudogap is a unique property of high-Tc superconductors. However, it was also found that there is a similar pseudogap in giant magnetoresistive La–Sr–Mn–O materials, which are not superconductors. In our previous research, we suggested that the origin of the pseudogap is correlated with the stability of CuO2 plane. We call it a steady "fixed triangle" local structure. If our assumption is correct, it will be expected to find a similar stable local structure in the La–Sr–Mn–O system, which is similar to the CuO2 plane in cuprates. We synthesized Co-doped La0.7Sr0.3Mn1−xCoxO3 (LSMCO) materials and investigated them. Based on the detailed analysis of the crystalline structure, it is found that there indeed exists a stable local triangles in MnO2 plane. Comparing this similarity with the fixed triangles in the cuprate superconductors, it shows that the origin of the pseudogap may possibly be correlated with the stability of the local structure.


RefProtDom provides a set of divergent query domains, originally selected from Pfam, and full-length proteins containing their homologous domains, with diverse architectures, for evaluating pair-wise and iterative sequence similarity searches. Pfam homology and domain boundary annotations in the target library were supplemented using local and semi-global searches, PSI-BLAST searches, and SCOP and CATH classifications.


Intraspecific and interspecific differences in night roosting activity of Myotis lucifugus and Myotis volans were investigated at bridges used as night roosts in the Willamette National Forest. Data collected for this study included night roost temperatures, occupancy rates, night roost population structure, and temporal patterns of cluster formation and dispersal for both species. Results indicated that bats select larger bridges that maintain higher night-time temperatures compared with smaller bridges. Multiple regression analysis indicated that roost size and daily solar radiation levels significantly influenced night roost temperatures. The number of bats observed at night roosts was positively related to minutes after sunset, roost size, and night roost temperature differentials. I present a model calculating night roost energy expenditure. Significant differences in the location, time of year, and patterns of night roost activity were found in M. lucifugus and M. volans. Males showed a strong trend towards roosting alone, while clusters were composed almost exclusively of females. Differences in activity levels between M. lucifugus and M. volans may be related to differences in the length and timing of gestation, foraging strategies, and the role of social groupings at night roosts.