In a free‐electron laser (FEL) with a long wiggler, an additional focusing field is required to keep beam particles from diverging. An additional long scale transverse motion induced by the focusing field modulates the longitudinal motion and sometimes destroys the axial phase relation between the beam particles and radiation field, even if the beam is successfully transmitted. In order to investigate such a delicate phase relation under a complex wiggler configuration, a systematic perturbation method that employs noncanonical variables and a Lie transformation developed by Cary and Littlejohn [Ann. Phys. 151, 1 (1983)] is presented. The method is applied to a focusing wiggler, which has a parabolically curved pole face. Radial space charge force is taken into account in the analysis and the maximum current that can propagate the wiggler is estimated for an electron beam whose energy is around 1 MeV. The effect of the beam current on the axial phase relation is also investigated and found to be small. The present noncanonical approach is found to be transparent and comprehensive for this kind of problem, compared with the standard canonical perturbation method and applicable to arbitrarily complex wigglers.


It is not my intention to occupy the time of this Society, with the consideration of that mere general dullness to the impression of all kinds of sound which constitutes ordinary deafness, but to request its attention to certain peculiarities that I have observed with respect to partial insensibility in different states of the ear, and in different individuals; for I have found that an ear, which would be considered as perfect with regard to the generality of sounds, may, at the same time, be completely insensible to such as are at one or the other extremity of the scale of musical notes, the hearing or not hearing of which seems to depend wholly on the pitch or frequency of vibration constituting the note, and not upon the intensity or loudness of the noise. Indeed, although persons labouring under common deafness have an imperfect perception of all sounds, the degree of indistinctness of different sounds is commonly not the same; for it will be found upon examination, that they usually hear sharp sounds much better than low ones; they distinguish the voices of women and children better than the deeper tones in which men commonly speak; and it may be remarked, that the generality of persons accustomed to speak to those who are deaf, seem practically aware of this difference, and, even without reflecting upon the motives which guide them, acquire a habit of speaking to deaf persons in a shriller tone of voice, as a method by which they succeed in making them hear more effectually than by merely speaking louder.


This manuscript provides a model to characterize the energy savings of network coded storage (NCS) in storage area networks (SANs). We consider blocking probability of drives as our measure of performance. A mapping technique to analyze SANs as independent M/G/K/K queues is presented, and blocking probabilities for uncoded storage schemes and NCS are derived and compared. We show that coding operates differently than the amalgamation of file chunks and energy savings are shown to scale well with striping number. We illustrate that for enterprise-level SANs energy savings of 20-50% can be realized.


Conduct sieve analysis and flotability experiment to investigate the experimental slime properties. The results show that,the slime is easy to degrade and difficult to wash. Large fine slime lead to high ash of clean coal. Prepare the collector with waste cooking oil and analyse its mechanism of action,conduct laboratory slime flotation test. The results show that,when the ash of clean coal is basically the same,the collecting effects of biodiesel is inferior to diesel and kerosene. When the blending ratio of diesel to biodiesel and kerosene to biodiesel is 1 ∶ 9,the flotation effects is the best. Thanks to the compound oil,the clean coal yield increase by 10. 52 percent and 9. 06 percent,the flotation perfection increase by 5. 32 percent and 4. 33 percent. The results of GC-MS show that,the collector contains vinyl,carbonyl and long-chain alkane which has strong hydrophobicity. The adsorption mechanism of biodiesel and nonpolar hydrocarbon oil is co-adsorption and adsorption promoting. The combination improves the flotability of slime and dispersion of agent in slurry,increases the contact probability of agent and coal particle surface, decreases the agent consumption.


Energy storage systems (ESSs) are increasingly being integrated into power systems because they can provide a wide array of unique services. ESSs and other renewable generation such as photovoltaics (PVs) and wind are integrated with power systems using power electronic converters (PECs) that can have different physical topologies and control loops governing their operational characteristics. With ESSs (including other PECs) starting to dominate the generation mix, the dynamics of their converters and control systems play a major role in the stability of modern power systems. Hence, specific modeling and stability analysis techniques are needed to accurately study and evaluate the performance of such systems. This chapter presents stability analysis tools and techniques for power systems with ESSs, including trends in this area.


The trisaccharide b-d- GlcNAc(1!2)a-d-Man(1!3)d-Man is a fragment of a biantennary glycan that is recognized by a-d-Man-specific lec- tins such as concanavalin A (ConA), Lathyrus ochrus lectin, lentil lectin, and can adopt several conformations upon binding. To probe the importance of loss of flexibility of a saccharide during binding with ConA this trisaccharide has been synthesized in a conformation- ally constrained form where a methyl- ene acetal bridge mimics a GlcNAc - O- 6'' ··· Man - O-4 intramolecular hydro- gen bond. Microcalorimetry measure- ments revealed that the conformation- ally constrained compound has a more favorable entropy term but this term is offset by a smaller enthalpy term. NMR spectroscopic studies have shown that the cyclic compound is indeed consid- erably less flexible than the linear com- pound and both compounds adopt main- ly one conformation. SYBYL software together with energy parameters appro- priate for carbohydrates was used for a systematic conformational search. The linear compound is very flexible. A clustering method determined seven main conformational families. Six possi- ble conformational families were iden- tified for the cyclic compound when considering the orientations of the bGlcNAc(1!2)Man and abMan- (1!3)Man glycosidic bonds. The cen- tral mannose residue was docked in the binding site of ConA and the complex was refined. The results are compared with crystal structures of legume lectin - oligosaccharide complexes and with the NMR and thermodynamic data.


Providing catechol-end functionality to controlled structure lower critical solution temperature (LCST) copolymers is attractive, given the versatility of catechol chemistry for tethering to nanostructures. Controlled polymer chain lengths with catechol RAFT end groups are of interest to provide tunable LCST behavior to nanoparticles, although these polymerizations are relatively unexplored. Herein, the reactivity ratios for the RAFT copolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAm) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) pairs based on catechol-end RAFT agents using an in situ NMR technique were first determined. Several catechol-end poly(DMAm-co-NIPAM) samples were then prepared using the RAFT agent to provide copolymer. The reactivity ratios for the DMAm-NIPAM pair were rDMAm = 1.28–1.31 and rNIPAM = 0.48–0.51. All the poly(DMAm-co-NIPAM) samples were found to have Mn values ≤ 26 kDa and Ð < 1.08 with LCST values ranging from 31 to 92°C, while maintaining a short range of glass transition temperature (Tg = 118–137°C). The difference in LCST values for the catechol functionalized poly(DMAm-co-NIPAM) based on 0.5 wt% aqueous buffered solutions at pH 5.5 and 8.5 was found to be <3.0°C. These conditions are suitable for subsequent catechol-induced coordination and nucleophilic addition chemistry for covalent and noncovalent linkages during subsequent post-modification. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017.


Wetland is a special ecosystem between water and land ecosystem boundary,which is named "kidney of earth","gene storage of species","the most species variety on the earth",and so on,it uses triple coordinative effect of physics、 chemistry and biologic in the system,it decomposes and cleans pollutant by use of filtering,adsorption,deposition,plant ab-sorption and micro-biological degradation.At the present time,there are many reporting about application of constructed wetland,but the removal efficiency of waste water in constructed wetland is effected by many factors,it can not clean waste water according to people,s demand,in other words,the effectiveness is not perfect.These factors mainly include the hy-draulic condition of wetland,type of wetland,wetland plant,temperature,breadth and area of wetland,PH number and oxi-dation-reduction potential(Eh),wetland substrates and microbe and so on.


The fresco calendar discovered under S. Maria Maggiore contains rare references to imperial festivals celebrated during the second half of the year which have not survived in the only other extant third century calendar, the Feriale Duranum. Art historical analysis of the labors-of-the-months panels accompanying these calendar texts has indicated that the entire cycle was painted in the second quarter of the third century A. C., rather than in the fourth century as F. Magi proposes. Re-examination of the political festivals in this fragmentary calendar supports a pre-fourth century date. Therefore, we must reassess the attribution of festivals which this calendar shares with the Calendar of 354. The anniversary of a triumph over the Sarmatians celebrated on December 1 in our calendar and the Calendar of 354 can now be identified with Marcus Aurelius' and Commodus' triumph in A. D. 176; yet this dating need not preclude the festival's customary attribution to Constantine. Given fourth century attitudes toward the Antonines, the history of Roman-Sarmatian relations and the recurrent practice of establishing new imperial festivals on older politically significant anniversaries, we may conclude that Constantine deliberately chose to celebrate his own triumph over the Sarmatians on this historic day.


professorial staff have been made at a definiite basic salary and on the understanding that, if renewed, the appointment would be on the basis of an incremental salary. Further, by a rearrangement of grades, provision was made whereby many of those lecturers and readers wbose responsibilities were most akin to those of professors had their positions made more atttactive by being given seats on the various Faculties, and in some cases on the Senatus. Nevertheless, there had arisen a feeling that, while conditions of service were still far from being satisfactory, in practice substantial security lhad been obtained, and there was every prospect of a gradual improvement in conditions. The recent action of the University Court has falsified these hopes. For the next few years the University must aniticipate a reduction in the fee fund, as compared with that of post-war years, and to meet the consequent deficit on current expenises the Uniiversity Court has adopted the following measures, among others. In the case of certain lecturers and assistants the Court has used the principle of annual reappointment to alter the terms of service by withdrawing the annual increnients. It has also felt compelled to use this principle arbitrarily to terminate the appointments of certain lecturers in spite of long service and proved efficiency. By these means ;economies -may have been realized, but they have resulted in an inequality of incidence as between grades and individuals, affecting not merely the present but also the future financial position of those concerned in so far as retiring allowances are based on contributions proportionate -to salary. Also, it is understood that in the case of future appointments to all grades of the nlon-professorial staff, whether in respect of promotion within the University or of appointments made from without, the salaries will be fixed either below or at the present minina, and will be without increment. The whole effect of these actions and proposals has been, and will be, to increase the existing disparity between the conditions of service of the professorial and the non-professorial staffs, and to make an academic career considerably less attractive to future entrants. Compared with competing -professions the real reward has beeni reduced, and it iis hardly to be expected that the best type of individual will continue to be attracted to a profession which offers so little security either of tenure or emolument. The fixing of reasonable conditions of service will necessarily entail serious consideration as to details, but it will be readily admitted that under the existing and suggested conditions the best men and women will neither enter nor continue in the profession. Another disadvantage of the present position is the fact that, In apite of the recent admission of certain lecturers and readers to membership of Faculties and of the Senatus, the members of the non-professorial staff have no adequate direct representation on the governing bodies of the University. On the University Court they are not represented at all. Neither in respect of matters affecting their own interest nor of the general policy of the University is there any constituted machinery whereby members of the non-professorial staff can make known their views. This is the more to be regretted when it is realized -that there undoubtedly are within the non-professorial body individual teachers who might strengthen the counsels of the University by virtue of their familiarity with general educational problems, or their -.administrative capacity. This state of affairs is easily capable of remedy in certain directions. In other respects the problem of approximating tlle conditions cd service of the non-professorial to those of the profesrial staff depends largely on financial considerations. In the past there has been a tendency for all increases of capital, whether by gift or arising from surplus income, to be devoted' to the creation of new chairs or the extension of 'buildings, while the salaries of the non-professorial staff have been 'ahmost entirely dependent on annual revenue. Since the conclusion of the war the University Court has greatly strengthened the teaching of the University by the establishment of new chairs and the erection of additional buildings. From w-hat has been said above, however, it will be appreciated that endowment of a chair should be held to include the endowmenit of seh non-professorial staff as may be required for efficient teaching wit-hin the department. Only by the provision of -such Tneans as will enable at least a part of the salaries of the on-professorial staff to be met otherwise than out of annual income can the University continue to attract and retain the best candidates, especially during a period of financial difficulty such as the present. The general needs of the University in these respects oiily require to be more widely appreciated for the public and the Government to realize the urgency of the provision of more adequate endowment of existing as well as new departments. 'Without this there seems little hope of finding a satisfactory solution of a problem which affects, not merely the interests of a particular class, but the general welfare of the Universityv as a national anld imperial institution for the dissemination anil advancemenlt of knowledge. THE ORIGINS OF CIVILIZATION.


The sparse arrays using two uniform linear arrays have attracted considerable interest due to the capability of giving analytical expression of sensor location and owning robust direction-of-arrival (DOA) facing strong mutual coupling and sensor failure. In order to achieve the maximum consecutive virtual uniform linear array in difference coarray, in this paper, a design method of a novel sparse array using two uniform linear arrays (NSA-U2) is proposed. We first analyze the relationship between the values of displacement of two subarrays and difference coarray, and then we give the analytical expressions of the displacement and the number of consecutive lags. By discussing the selection of number of subarray sensors, the design of NSA-U2 is completed. Moreover, through choosing a proper compressed interelement spacing, NSA-U2 can be robust to mutual coupling effect. Numerical experiments prove the effectiveness and favorable performance of DOA estimation with mutual coupling.


With the formation of national interconnected power systems,the grid structure and operation mode will become increasingly complicated.Currently,in a dispatching center,an accurate power system model is developed only for its control area while the external power grid is dealt with just in an equivalent or inaccurate manner.This traditional practice cannot meet the requirements of the development of interconnected power systems.Based on the IEC 61970 standard and E form,a hierarchical and decomposition and space-time coordination modeling system is studied for interconnected power systems.In the modeling system,some technologies are combined,such as version management,model mergence/separation,network equivalent and so on,so that space-time coordination modeling in multi-dispatch centers of interconnected power systems can be realized.The modeling system provides a technical means of internal and multi-levels coordination for dispatching centers,in addition to information infrastructure and technical support for the real-time monitoring and control as well as an online security and stability analysis of interconnected power systems.


The finite element analysis(FEA) is an essential tool for Mechanical Engineer.This article mainly introduces the finite element analysis based on Pro/MECHANICA.It carries out the finite element analysis of the main arm of excavator and actualizes jointless integration between modeling and FEA.It compares the results of experiments and the finite element analysis.


: In European countries, SMEs are considered the engine of economic growth. The aim of this research is to connect the financial behavior and characteristics of SMEs to financing resources, by conducting a detailed study of the literature in the field. Thus, we will be able to improve the access to financing and to analyze the problems that this sector faces in accessing this financing, especially in conditions of competitiveness. One of the reasons that led me to research this topic is the importance of small and medium enterprises in a country's economy, making a significant contribution to creating added value and creating new jobs. The importance and topicality of the topic is highlighted by the role of SMEs in the private sector in both developed and developing countries.


Constitutional interpretation plays a very important role not only in constitutional studies but also in constitutional construction.The focus of current constitutional interpretation studies should shift from the theory system to practical institutions.In the conditions of respecting the authority of constitutional textures and maintaining the stability of constitutional institutions,we should apply the way of constitutional interpretations to promote the constitutional study and constitutional construction of China.


Introduction • Sleep plays an important role in brain development, and also contributes to learning and daytime functioning • Current research suggests that restricted sleep in childhood leads to adverse effects such as impaired cognitive functioning • Individuals with ASD commonly experience sleep problems; few studies have investigated sleep problems in WS but they are reported • As sleep has been found to play an active role in children's memory consolidation, it was considered vital to assess the impact of sleep on children's functioning


The chapters in this volume, showing the different contexts in which errorless (EL) learning principles have been applied and the populations with whom they are used, highlight the prominence of this approach in rehabilitation. Just as clear, though, from these chapters is the fact that the EL principle of error minimization is not universally beneficial. Where it has been applied with greatest advantage is in people with severe memory impairment, as, by virtue of their impairment, they respond poorly to standard approaches to learning and remembering. Yet, among those with mild to moderate memory impairment the data are more mixed, making it less obvious whether or not to adopt EL learning principles in treatment. For this group, it may be that other approaches, of the form offered by error-based learning (see Chapter 10), or perhaps even other learning principles may prove more useful.


. ̶ The body color of the soldier crab, Mictyris guinotae , varies from a pale blue to a dark ink-blue. We describe the composition of black and blue body color forms in animals obtained during a year-long collection effort. Body color showed clear seasonal changes; almost all crabs were black between April and September (non-breeding season) and blue between late November and February (breeding sea -son). Larger black crabs, > 7 mm in carapace length, first showed blue coloration in October, suggesting that color change is associated with sexual maturity. Some newly molted black individuals with white exuviae were found inside the burrow in March. The timing of the color change from blue to black was later in females because ovig erous females are unable to molt. Black body color during summer months may miti gate the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation and provide visual crypsis from preda tors during activity on the surface of sand


The binding of IgE to the high affinity Fct receptor (FccRI) on mast cells and basophils is mediated by the a-subunit of the tetrameric receptor complex. Based on sequence homologies, the 50-kDa a-subunit is a mem-ber of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins and has two predicted disulfide-bonded loops. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the human a-subunit have been identified and separated into two major classes: inhibitory and noninhibitory antibodies. Inhibitory antibodies (Le. 15A5) block lZ5I-IgE binding to a recombinant chimeric a-subunit (ch-a-protein) expressed on Chinese hamster ovary cells and immunoprecipitate "SI-labeled purified ch-a-protein. Noninhibitory antibodies (i.e. 2237) immunoprecipitate both lZ5I-labeled ch-a-protein and the soluble complex of '251-IgE cross-linked to ch-a-protein but do not block lZ5I-IgE binding to the ch-a-protein expressed on Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both classes of antibodies bind to natural FccRI present on human basophils and induce histamine release from these cells.


Objective:To investigate the effects of clinical pathway on perioperative care among congenital heart disease patients. Methods:145 hospitalized patients with congenital heart diseases were randomly divided into two groups. 75 patients′ health education in experiment group based on clinical pathway,and 70 patients in control group received health education using traditional method. The effects of two groups were compared. Results:The mastery degree of health education,the average hospitalization days and the degree of nursing service satisfaction in the experiment group were superior to those in the control group(P0.05) . Conclusion:Using the clinical pathway in health education,we can improve the satisfactory degree of nursing service,the effects of heath education and the earlier recovery of congenital heart disease patients.


We present a case of duodenal gallstone ileus (Bouveret's syndrome) that evolved with its classical symptomatology and was successfully managed by endoscopic extraction of the stone, an extremely unusual circumstance. Although difficult and laborious, endoscopic therapy in the Bouveret's syndrome, by using the Dormia basket, may prove useful.


Study Design. This report identifies a case of complex regional pain syndrome Type 2 (causalgia) with sympathetically maintained pain associated with automated laser discectomy. The syndrome's clinical features and its management with sympathectomy are described. Objectives. To report an unusual complication associated with automated laser discectomy, review the possible mechanism, and discuss the management of complex regional pain syndrome Type 2 with sympathetically maintained pain. Summary of Background Data. Automated laser discectomy represents a minimally invasive technique to treat herniated intervertebral discs. By using small, automated probes placed in the disc under local anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance, disc material can be removed percutaneously, eliminating the need for lumbar laminectomy with its attendant morbidity. Some complications have been reported. This case report presents a complication not previously described. Methods. A 39‐year‐old woman underwent L4‐L5 automated laser discectomy; an attempt was made to lase the L5‐S1 disc, but the procedure was aborted because of severe pain and discomfort. The patient had pain in the left lower extremity in the L5 and S1 distribution, including the foot. There was evidence of allodynia and hyperesthesia with some dystrophic changes in the foot. A diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome Type 2 (causalgia) was made. Results. A series of two diagnostic percutaneous chemical sympathectomies were undertaken, and the pain was relieved to a significant extent for up to 2 weeks. This suggested complex regional pain syndrome Type 2 with sympathetically maintained pain, and thereafter therapeutic chemical sympathectomy resulted in resolution of the pain syndrome. Conclusions. Complex regional pain syndrome Type 2 with sympathetically maintained pain is a condition that can result in serious disability and can be associated with a number of spinal procedures, including automated laser percutaneous discectomy. Early intervention is recommended to provide long‐term resolution of the condition.


Due to the serious effectiveness of congestion problem in the Internet performance, congestion control has the most concern in the network community. Several End-to- End mechanisms were developed to overcome this problem. However, most of the existing mechanisms adapt the sending rate at the sender, when detecting congestion, without considering the network status. This behavior degrades the Internet performance. This paper presents a new fuzzy controller to adjust the sending rate at the sender dynamically based on the network load. The intended controller is employed to enhance the TCP-Vegas and the performance is evaluated by using the well-known Network Simulator NS-2. The results indicate that the intended controller the AT&T real network increases the throughput and decreases both the packet loss and packet delay.


The article explains judicial and non-judicial remedies given to the natural or legal persons by the Court of Justice of the European Union and by the European Commission.


Objective: To observe the effects of acupuncture on cerebral structure and enzymatic activity after cerebral ischemia and to analyze the mechanisms of acupuncture in improving stroke. Methods: 35 SD rats were randomized into sham operation group (n=6), ischemia group (n=9), ischemia+reperfusion group (n=6), acupuncture I group (n=6) and acupuncture II group (n=8). "Baihui"(GV 20) and bilateral "Quchi"(LI 11) were punctured and stimulated electrically with parameters of 7 Hz, 0.7 V and duration of 30 min, which was respectively given after inducing cerebral ischemia (30 min) in acupuncture I group and 3 hr after ischemia+reperfusion in acupuncture II group. Cerebral ischemia model was established using four artery (bilateral vertebral arteries and bilateral common carotid arteries) occlusion and reperfusion method. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH px), ATPase activity and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues were assayed according to instructions of the reagent kits. Results: ① Following ischemia+reperfusion, cerebral tissue injury including neuron degeneration, death, gliocyte proliferation, etc was found in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex tissues in ischemia and ischemia+reperfusion groups, but in acupuncture II group no very apparent injury changes appeared. ②compared with the sham operation group, MDA contents in cellular plasma, membrane and mitochondria in ischemia group and ischemia+reperfusion group increased significantly in comparison with sham operation group (P0.05, 0.001). Following acupuncture (both acupuncture I and II groups), MDA contents reduced significantly (P0.001) compared with those of ischemia or ischemia+reperfusion groups (P0.01). ③ Compared with the sham operation group, GSH px activity in cellular plasma, membrane and mitochondria increased in ischemia group (P0.05); but compared with ischemia group, GSH px decreased very notably in ischemia+reperfusion group (P0.01). After acupuncture, GSH px activity recovered basically compared with sham operation group. ④ Regarding ATPase activity, after ischemia and ischemia reperfusion, Na +,K + ATPase, Mg 2+ ATPase and Ca 2+ ATPase in plasma, membrane and mitochondria all lowered particularly in ischemia+reperfusion group (P0.05). Following acupuncture (acupuncture II), the 3 types of ATPase activity in cellular membrane and mitochondria recovered completely while the 3 types of ATPase activity in plasma was even evidently higher than that of sham operation group (P0.001). Conclusion: Acupuncture of "Baihui"(GV 20) and "Quchi"(LI 11) can effectively reduce cerebral ischemia reperfusion induced neuronal degeneration, death and hyperactivity of membrane lipid peroxidation, attenuation of free radical clearing ability and energy metabolic abnormality in the ischemic cortex and hippocampus .


Gamification has recently been presented as a successful strategy to engage users, with potential for online education. However, while the number of publications on gamification has been increasing in recent years, a classification of its empirical effects is still missing. We present a systematic literature review conducted with the purpose of closing this gap by clarifying what effects gamification generates on users' behaviour in online learning. Based on the studies analysed, the game elements most used in the literature are identified and mapped with the effects they produced on learners. Furthermore, we cluster these empirical effects of gamification into six areas: performance, motivation, engagement, attitude towards gamification, collaboration, and social awareness. The findings of our systematic literature review point out that gamification and its application in online learning and in particular in Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) are still a young field, lacking in empirical experiments and evidence with a tendency of using gamification mainly as external rewards. Based on these results, important considerations for the gamification design of MOOCs are drawn.


The UE-imposed restrictions on the manufacture and application of plant pro- tection chemicals impose on the nurseryman the need to screen for new substances that are environmentally friendly and yet effective in the production of plant material. Biopre- parations may constitute such a group as they contain substance little affecting the envi- ronment. The aim of the work was to evaluate effects of the biopreparation Algamino- Plant on rooting of stem cuttings in Cornus alba 'Aurea' and C. alba 'Elegantissima'. Freshly harvested cuttings were sprayed with the 0.2% water solution of the bioprepara- tion. To compare its effectiveness with the commercial rooting powders used routinely in the nursery production part of the cuttings were treated with "Ukorzeniacz AB" (0.3% NAA) or Rhizopon AA (2% IBA). Both powders little affected rhizogenesis. Application of the biopreparation increased percentage and degree of rooting in dogwood as compared to control cuttings what shows its potential in a commercial production. The above treat- ment increased chlorophyll, carbohydrate contents and free amino acids in leaves of the sprayed cuttings.


The purpose of this paper is to critically explore the traditional image of national identity and to question its validity as a dominant narrative through which individuals define their sense of belonging. The claim is made that children's notions of national identity reflect this narrowness and superficiality and that what is required is a curriculum focus which supports the development of 'intercultural citizenship' as a focus for the development of multiple identities in a postmodern world.


Lysosomal storage diseases (LDS) are a group of around 70 diseases that are characterized by accumulation of partially or non-degraded substrates due to mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in lysosomal function. One of these EDLs is Tay Sachs disease (TS, OMIM 272800), which is a neurodegenerative disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in lysosomes as a consequence of mutations in the gene that codes for the subunit alpha of the enzyme β-Hexosaminidase A. Despite the advances that have been made with different therapeutic alternatives, at the moment there is no approved therapy for the treatment of this disease. One of the proposed strategies consists of correcting the genetic defect by means of gene therapy. Within this strategy one of the main limitations is the genetic material delivery system, among which are both viral and non-viral vectors. The latter offer the advantage of presenting few adverse effects associated with the generation of immune responses or genotoxicity. However, its implementation requires knowledge about its cytotoxicity, as well as the internalization mechanisms.
In order to contribute to the generation of new knowledge about the impact of non-viral vectors for gene therapy based on nanoparticles, which can affect cell viability and transfection efficiency, in this work tests were carried out to determine the cytotoxic effect. of nanoemulsions based on anionic lipids on an in vitro model for Tay-Sachs disease as future mechanisms of nucleic acid delivery in gene therapy. Additionally, an updated review of the literature was carried out to know the state of the art on the input mechanisms proposed for inorganic nanoparticles, which are currently, together with liposomes, under development at the Institute of Inborn Errors. Metabolism as delivery vehicles for genetic material.


We investigate the occurrence of a coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven coronal dimming using unique high-resolution spectral images of the corona from the Hinode spacecraft. Over the course of the dimming event, we observe the dynamic increase of nonthermal line broadening in the 195.12 Å emission line of Fe XII as the corona opens. As the corona begins to close, refill and brighten, we see a reduction of the nonthermal broadening toward the pre-eruption level. We propose that the dynamic evolution of the nonthermal broadening is the result of the growth of Alfvén wave amplitudes in the magnetically open rarefied dimming region, compared to the dense closed corona prior to the CME. We suggest, based on this proposition, that, as open magnetic regions, coronal dimmings must act just as coronal holes and be sources of the fast solar wind, but only temporarily. Further, we propose that such a rapid transition in the thermodynamics of the corona to a solar wind state may have an impulsive effect on the CME that initiates the observed dimming. This last point, if correct, poses a significant physical challenge to the sophistication of CME modeling and capturing the essence of the source region thermodynamics necessary to correctly ascertain CME propagation speeds, etc.


Two steroidal saponins were first isolated from 95% ethanolic extract of the rhizome of Smilax scobinicaulis Wright C.H..Their structures were established on the basis of spectral and chemical methods as laxogenin 3 O [α L arabinopyranosyl (1→6)] β D glucopyranoside and laxogenin 3 O [β D glucopyrnosyl (1→4)] [α L arabinopyranosyl (1→6)] β D glucopyranoside.


Computing systems play an important role in today's life. They are continuously scaling, and hence becoming more complicated, to satisfy new applications demands, such as higher computation and communication bandwidth required for big data and machine learning applications. As a result, the inter- and intra-chip communication in such systems is growing rapidly due to the continuous increase in the integration density of processing cores on a single die. Silicon photonics is introduced as a promising technology with potentials in realizing high-performance interconnect in multiprocessor computing systems. This interdisciplinary talk will discuss different opportunities as well as challenges related to employing silicon photonics in multiprocessor computing systems. Particularly, it will explore the requirements, feasibility, and performance of such systems while considering both the physical-level and the system-level perspectives.


An optical-electrical coil is used in the mechanism of a transformer, a reactor, an inductor, and in the stator or rotor of a generator or a motor working at the voltage of 0.1 kV to 1100 kV. The conductive wire of the optical-electrical coil is optical-copper wire or optical-aluminum wire (1). The optical-electrical coil can sense or transmit the temperature, current, voltage or pressure of the optical-electrical coil while transmitting electrical power. The optical-copper wire or optical-aluminum wire (1) is made by pressing an optical fiber or an optical fiber bundle (2) packed in an optical fiber slot (6) of a copper or aluminum base (5). The application of this optical-electrical coil allows the electrical device to have the function of self-checking and warning and assures good operation of the device and avoids accidents.


Transect surveys are a widely used tool in the study of wildlife populations. Here, we
review different forms and objectives of transect surveys, discuss the need for and briefl y describe principles
of good study design, and discuss various biological measurements employed in the study of carnivores in
the rainforests of Borneo. We discuss the conservation value of these measurements, underlying assumptions
in using different approaches, and why these assumptions cannot often be met in the study of Bornean
carnivores. We argue that transect surveys are of little use as a stand-alone technique for carnivore studies in
Borneo; numbers of encounters from genuinely random transects are too low to be amenable to quantitative
analysis, whereas observations from non-random transects are biased and cannot be used for drawing
any sort of wider inference. We consider approaches in which transect surveys could be implemented in
conjunction with other techniques. In general, limited conservation resources could be better spent on other
techniques and other measures that can usefully inform conservation.


Objective The purpose of this study was to summarize the literature describing patient outcome following revision total knee arthroplasty. The study investigators agreed a priori on four questions of patient prognosis to be addressed in this review: (1) Is there significant difference between pre-operative and post-operative in knee scores, function scores and motion? (2) What is the revision main indication? (3) What is the main complication after revision surgery? 4) Are the significant differences between various implants? Methods Data sources, original studies were included in this meta-analysis if they enrolled 10 or more patients at the time of the revision total knee arthroplasty and measured patient outcome using a global knee rating scale from 1990 to 2002. One investigator, who had been educated in the data abstraction requirements, completed the data abstraction. One investigator, who is professional statistician, completed the data analysis independently. Results 33 studies were found. The total number of enrolled patients was 1356 with a mean enrolment of 41 patients. There were 429 men and 611 women with a mean age of 67 years (range 45 to 90 years). The weighted mean patient follow up time was 57 months (range 6 to 108 months). The weighted mean preoperative and postoperative global rating scale knee scores were 49 (range 15 to 82) and 84 (range 58 to 109). There were observably significant difference between pre-operative and post-operative in Knee scores, Function scores and Motion (Knee score:t=12.507, P 0.01, Function scores:t=4.704, P 0.01, Motion:t=5.346, P 0.01). The main indication of revision was loosening( 55% ) , and other reasons include polyethylene wear (11% ), instability (10% ), infection (7% ). The main complication after revision surgery was loosening also(18% ), and included instability(16% ), infection(16% ), patellar failure(15% ). The patellar failure includes patellar subluxation, patellar dislocation, patellar tendon avulsion, patellofemoral pain, and clunk. Conclusions The revision total knee arthroplasty was a safe and effective procedure for patients reported in these studies. Loosening was the main reason and main complication of the revision total knee arthroplasty.


The frequency and seasonality of viruses in tropical regions are scarcely reported. We estimated the frequency of seven respiratory viruses and assessed seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses in a tropical city.


According to General theory of relativity the frequency shift in electro-magnetic (EM) radiation close to a gravitating mass happens in one direction only, but in accordance with Dynamic Universe Model this frequency shift happens on both the sides of spectrum. Here we will derive the results using general Physics and Mathematics that changes the frequency of electromagnetic radiation passing near a moving gravitating mass. The frequency of the radiation will increase (Red shifted) when the relative movement of the gravitating body is in opposite direction to EM radiation and the frequency will reduce when in same direction (Blue shifted).


Transplantation of xenogeneic kidneys from European redfoxes into mongrel dogs was performed using an 'en bloc' technique. In order to study the type of graft rejection in animals of the same zoologic


Vividness of imagery across different sensory modalities in Filipinos and Caucasian Americans was investigated. Based upon previous theory and research, three hypotheses were advanced: (1) Filipinos would manifest greater vividness of imagery than Caucasian Americans in all sensory modalities; (2) groups would differ with respect to the rank order of scores for vividness of imagery for different sensory modalities; (3) groups would differ in the interrelationships of vividness of imagery scores among various sensory modalities examined. The first two hypotheses were partially supported but not the third. Results were interpreted in terms of variations in socialization practices between the two groups and the implications these practices may have for conditioning personality configurations and linguistic functions that mediate imagery abilities and use.


Thirty-five research scientists from the academic areas of Chemistry, Geology, Physics and Zoology were surveyed to obtain information regarding the effect of teachers and formal schooling on their decisions to become scientists. All subjects included in the study held the PhD. degree and were actively involved in research. Data analysis indicated that 63 percent of the subjects had identified a genuine interest in science by the time they were in the ninth grade, but only 9 percent of them attributed this interest to their elementary or junior high school teachers. The data revealed that 43 percent of the population were influenced to become scientists by one or more high school teachers. Also, one-third of the subjects had made the decision to become a scientist by the time of high school graduation. Most of the other two-thirds of the individuals studied decided to become scientists because of the influence of college professors in their freshman-and sophomore-level courses. The subjects were asked if particular events that occurred in junior or senior high school science classes positively influenced them to become scientists. Seventy-eight percent of the subjects responded that there were no classroom activities occurring that attracted them to science.


BACKGROUND Achieving profound pulpal anaesthesia with an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in lower molars suffering irreversible pulpitis is difficult and quite challenging. In many instances, supplemental anaesthesia is required during endodontic therapy. The present study was done to evaluate the efficiency of 2 % lidocaine and 4 % articaine comparatively, as an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and supplemental infiltration buccally in providing complete mandibular molar anaesthesia. METHODS This is a randomized double-blinded study. Sixty patients were categorized randomly into test group (n= 30) and control group (n= 30). Patients in the test group were anaesthetized with 4 % articaine (1:100,000 epinephrine dilution), and those in the control group were anaesthetized with 2 % lidocaine (1:80,000 epinephrine dilution). The Heft-Parker visual analog scale (HP-VAS) was utilized for rating patient's pain during the treatment procedure. In case of pain after IANB, a supplemental buccal infiltration was given with the same anaesthetic used for IANB. Complete pain absence or mild pain was regarded as an anaesthetic efficacy, and moderate to severe pain was regarded as an anaesthetic failure. Recorded data was analyzed using the chi-square test and two proportion Z test. The set significance level was 0.05. RESULTS After an IANB, observed anaesthetic success was 56 % in the articaine (test) group and that in the lidocaine (control) group was 33 %. After buccal infiltration, it was 92 % in the articaine group and 75 % in the lidocaine group. The difference was not found significant between the two groups statistically following IANB and infiltration buccally. The overall success of articaine was 96 %, and lidocaine was 83 %. CONCLUSIONS Compared to 2 % lidocaine, 4 % articaine was found more efficient in achieving profound pulpal anaesthesia in mandibular molars suffering irreversible pulpitis after IANB and buccal infiltration though the difference was insignificant statistically. KEY WORDS Articaine, Lidocaine, Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block, Buccal Infiltration, Heft-Parker Visual Analog Scale, Irreversible Pulpitis


Abstract : This paper responds to Art Cebrowskis request for my views for a response to theCongressional tasking on fleet architectures for the U.S. Navy. This responseattempts to put the evolution of hulls1 into the transformation context. Hulls do notconstitute the entire system that is the U.S. Navy; fleet architectures go far beyondhulls, especially in their war-fighting systems. But at its heart the Navy floats onwater. Otherwise, it would not be a navy, but something else, like an air force or aspace force. Those hulls do carry fighting capabilities wherever the nation would likethem to go, or include auxiliary hulls that support the hulls with fighting capabilities.


This article is based on a
dissertation submitted to the University of Pretoria in partial fulfilment of the
requirements of the degree LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). (http://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/43647)


This research aimed to identify the effectiveness of science learning media using focusky software on junior high school students' High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS). Quasi-experiment is applied in pre-test – post-test non-equivalent control group design. The sampling technique applied wass cluster random sampling. Meanwhile, the instrument used was HOTS pre-test – post-test question. Data analysis techniques used were normality test, homogeneity test, Paired Sample T-test, Independent Sample T-test, and effect size. The result of this study indicates that the increase in HOTS of students in the experimental class was 50. It is higher than in the control class, which was only 30. The average post-test of the experimental class was 75.90, with 87% of students achieving the minimum criterion, while the average post-test of the control class was 60.25, with 75 % of students reach the minimum criterion. Based on the result of the Independent Sample T-test, it was shown that there were differences in HOTS abilities between the experimental class students and the control class students, and the effectiveness of the medium-sized learning media assisted by science learning media with an effect size of 0.7.


Land reform is most often justified on the grounds that it rids the countryside of exploitative relations and opens up the possibility of agricultural modernization. However, such programs are often advocated without sufficient investigation or understanding of the nature of inequality in peasant societies. This essay examines these issues in the context of socialist agrarian change in Laos.


An important difference between most Acousto-optical (AO) and imaging systems is coherent vs. incoherent light. The Transfer Functions in the presence of the primary aberrations underscore these differences. Two AO types, the Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter (AOTF), and the Acousto-Optical Dispersive Light Filter (AODLF), accept incoherent light. The AOTF is an electronically programmable monochromator. The AODLF is an agile spectrometer which, can be used with wide angle optics to comprise an unusual optical system.


Although there is a wealth of scientific evidence that implicates alcohol as the causal agent in most crashes in which it is found, the magnitude of the role of other drugs in highway safety problems has not yet been adequately determined. Still, preliminary accident data indicate that between 5 and 15 percent of the seriously injured and fatally injured drivers had used other drugs, usually in combination with alcohol. Based on preliminary information, the drugs that may pose the most hazards to highway safety are (in order of the extent to which they are used) alcohol, marijuana, diazepam and other tranquilizers, and barbiturates. Of growing concern is the risk associated with so-called polydrug use. This article presents statistics and discusses trends in alcohol-related traffic accidents. It concludes with a discussion of reeducation and rehabilitation efforts for drinking drivers. There are two inserts with this article (both by D.M. Podolsky). The first discusses alcohol involvement in nonoccupant accidents and the second comments on the National Association of Broadcasters announcement of an industry-wide campaign to pledge air time to educate the public about alcohol abuse and alcohol problems.


Modeling and forecasting of dynamically varying covariances have received much attention in the literature. The two most widely used conditional covariances and correlations models are BEKK and DCC. In this paper, we advance a new method to introduce targeting in both models to estimate matrices associated with financial time series. Our approach is based on specific groups of highly correlated assets in a financial market, and these relationships remain unaltered over time. Based on the estimated parameters, we evaluate our targeting method on simulated series by referring to two well-known loss functions introduced in the literature and Network analysis. We find all the maximal cliques in correlation graphs to evaluate the effectiveness of our method. Results from an empirical case study are encouraging, mainly when the number of assets is not large.


This paper primarily studied the characteristic of mathematical intuition, and researched the relation for mathematical intuition and mathematical holorate: Mathematical intuition is objective reflection of mathematical hlolrate, mathematical holorate is the base of producing mathematical intuition.


Bilingual dictionaries and foreign language learning have been always deeply related. This paper aims to put in evidence how the role of bilingual dictionary has been changed by influence from foreign language learning development. Such influence seems to stimulate recent efforts of bilingual lexicography in order to meet the needs of foreign language learners.


The utility model discloses a scissor-like support of a keyboard. The scissor-like support comprises a first support and a second support that are mutually pin-joint. The first support is provided with pivots, and the second support is correspondingly provided with pivot holes. The pivots are fastened with the first support via cone-shaped connectors. Each pivot has a tapered end portion. The cone-shaped connectors for transition, arranged between the pivots and the first support, help to substantially enhance firmness of connection between the pivots and the first support, and the pivots are not liable to break on the first support when the scissor-like support is used, thereby preventing the scissor-like support from being ineffective.


This article focuses on the problem of adaptive finite‐time neural backstepping control for multi‐input and multi‐output nonlinear systems with time‐varying full‐state constraints and uncertainties. A tan‐type nonlinear mapping function is first proposed to convert the strict‐feedback system into a new pure‐feedback one without constraints. Neural networks are utilized to cope with unknown functions. To improve learning performance, a composite adaptive law is designed using tracking error and approximate error. A finite‐time convergent differentiator is adopted to avoid the problem of "explosion of complexity." By theoretical analysis, all the signals of system are proved to be bounded, the outputs can track the desired signals in a finite time, and full‐state constraints are not transgressed. Finally, comparative simulations are offered to confirm the validity of the proposed control scheme.


This paper brings forward the thoughtway of environmental impact assessment(EIA) on port planning.The paper advices that the control management of the terrestrial pollutants to the ocean must be systematical,intentional and quantificational based on the study of oceanic environmental capacity,oceanic functional division and oceanic pollution actuality.Probe into the oceanic EIA through the forecast of tonnage of sewage,and need of water resource.Probe into the ecological EIA through the analysis on the systematic function and stability,the stability of halobios communities,the sustainability of fishery resource,and the carrying capacity of oceanic environment,etc;Probe into the air EIA through the analysis of the weather condition,the quantity and distribution forecast of pollutants,etc.Discuss the forecast and control methods for noise,waste,and environmental risk,etc.A technical route for eco-planning of the port and correlative sea areas has put forward,including how to perfect the basic environmental establishment,how to prevent and cure the pollution in the port area,how to prevent the environmental risks,how to protect the biological resources,how to adjust oceanic industrial structure,and how to rehabilitate the degraded ecological system in the port area etc.


The hemodynamic effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase) were examined in thiobutabarbital-anesthetized controlrats and rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. L-NAME (1–16 mg/kg i.v.) increased mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, venous resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance, and decreased cardiac output in both the control and pulmonary hypertensive rats. Relative to the controls, L-NAME (16 mg/kg) caused a smaller increase (≈50% of control) in mean arterial pressure in the pulmonary hypertensive rats, but greater increases in venous (≈200%) as well as pulmonary vascular (≈400%) resistances and a greater decrease in cardiac output (≈140%). The results show that NO is an important dilator within the arterial, venous and pulmonary circulation; its pulmonary and venous dilator roles are augmented in pulmonary hypertension.


microRNA miR-In300 is an intronic miRNA which is located within the first intron (intron-1) of the zebrafish myogenic factor 5 (myf5) gene. When the transcription of myf5 is decreased in 32 hours post-fertilization (32 hpf), miR-In300 is still detectable in brain and muscle until 7 days post-fertilization. We suspeat whether the remnant miR-In300 is able to regulate gene expression and to affect zebrafish myogenesis. To address this issue, we choose the 32 hpf zebrafish embryos to perform Labeled microRNA pull-down assay system and microarray analysis to obtain candidates of miR-In300 target genes. And then, we constructed the 3'-untranslated translated region (3' UTR) of trunk muscle-expressed candidates, including homer-1、col1a-2、trmt-2a、six-1b and dnajc-10, into a vector to create a fusion to the luciferase reporter gene (luc). Amoung the five candidates, by using of dual-luciferase reporter system, we found that only homer1 3'UTR could be bound by exogenous miR-In300, so that inhibiting luc expression in HEK-293T cell line and zebrafish embryo. The luc expression would be effectively by the endogenous miR-In300. Moreover, miR-In300 mopholino (MO) was co-injected to block the dicing of mature miR-In300, the luc expression increased significantly. We demostrated that the expression of homer-1 3'UTR-fused luc gene incersely correlated with the miR-In300 content. Furthermore, by using whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and western blot, the inhibition of endogenous miR-In300 resulted in increasing of homer-1 mRNA and Homer-1 protein expression. Next, we observed that homer-1 and miR-In300 co-localized in fast muscle of zebrafish embryo by WISH. Besides, we observed that overexpression of miR-In300 could result in curved axis and short tail of zebrafish embryo. When we knock down of homer-1 expression by injection with homer-1 MO, the phenotype was similar to the embryos overexpressing miR-In300. And the miR-In300-induced defect could be partially rescued by co-injection of homer-1 mRNA. Taken together, we concluded that homer-1 is one of miR-In300 target genes, and miR-In300 could inhibit the protein synthesis of Homer-1 by binding to homer-1 3'UTR to affect zebrafish myogenesis.


250,000 will lead to a price reduction from 1996 onwards (Milk Marque 1995), the cause of the problem of high counts on some farms would need to be addressed. The incidence of health problems recorded on the farms is shown in Table 1. Clinical mastitis was the main health problem on most farms, with many cases successfully treated with alternative remedies including phytolacca, pyrogen, conium, belladonna, bryonia, scc (sulphur, silicea and carbo vegetabilis) and udder liniments/gels. Of the total number of cases of clinical mastitis that were recorded on the farms in years 1 and 2, 70 3 per cent (range between herds 37 to 100 per cent) and 65-3 per cent (range 14 to 100 per cent) of the cases were treated with alternative remedies. On eight farms, antibiotics were used during the lactation period to treat some of the more severe cases of clinical mastitis. Large differences were recorded between farms in the number of cases of clinical mastitis, with the differences between farms relatively consistent in both years. Despite the use of nosodes for the prevention of mastitis on most farms, the mean incidence was higher than the levels reported on other organic farms (Offerhaus and others 1994) and slightly higher than many conventional farms (Esslemont and Spincer 1993). Statistical analysis of the data did not show any significant correlations between the number of cases of clinical mastitis of the individual herds with either herd size or the proportion of cases of clinical mastitis treated with alternative remedies. A comparison between herds showed that the combination of massaging the udder and frequent bathing with cold water did not affect the number of cases of clinical mastitis per 100 cows. Compared to many conventional farms, the mean incidence of lameness on the collaborating farms was lower (Esslemont and Spincer 1993), and Offerhaus and others (1994) reported a lower incidence of lameness on organic compared to conventional farms (23.0 vs 52-3 per cent). This reduction in lameness may be due to the beneficial effects of feeding high forage diets that include high dry matter forage (Liverpool University Veterinary School 1993). The wide variation between farms is attributed primarily to the differences between farms in both the type and standard of winter housing and the condition of the tracks used for moving the cows during the grazing season. The number of cases of lameness per 100 cows was lower when cows were housed in yards (18-8) compared with cubicles (30-4). Both of these factors have been reported to have a major effect on the incidence of lameness in dairy herds (Liverpool University Veterinary School 1993). The number of cases of milk fever on the farms supports the findings of Offerhaus and others (1994) that the incidence of milk fever is relatively low on organic farms; however, these results may be attributed to the lower milk production of the organic dairy herds. Despite the feeding of high forage diets on the farms, the number of cases of ketosis was lower than the levels reported by Reid and Little (1986), suggesting that the energy composition and forage quality of the individual farm rations was generally adequate. Offerhaus and others (1994) also reported a low incidence of ketosis in organic dairy herds. Few cases of bloat were reported on the farms despite the grazing of swards with high white clover contents, with five farms reporting no cases during the two year monitoring period. The relatively low occurrence of post-calving problems on the farms, including retained fetal membranes and vulval discharge, may be a reflection of a low incidence of calving problems (Esslemont and Spincer 1993) and does not support the suggestion by Jacklin (1993) that feeding high forage diets over a long period increases the risk of mineral deficiencies and infertility problems, including retained fetal membranes and vulval discharge. The results from this study have shown that no major health problems were recorded on the farms. Although clinical mastitis is the main health problem for the organic dairy farmer, many cases


Author(s): Lopez-Villegas, Karina; Quinones-Camacho, Laura; Davis, Elizabeth | Abstract: Parenting behaviors greatly influence children's ability to regulate their emotions and handle stressfulsituations. Stressful life events can be particularly problematic for children as they are less able toeffectively manage these situations. Parenting behaviors that are warm and focus on directly helpingthe child handle negative emotions may serve as protective factors against the negative effects ofstress on children's regulatory abilities. The aim of this study was to explore the role of parentalwarmth and parents' emotion-focused reactions as moderators of the effect of stress on children'semotion regulation. A total of 184 children between the ages of three to eleven years old (M = 7.66,SD = 2.30) participated in this study. Parents reported on their child's emotion regulation, exposure tostressful life events, and on how they, as parents, deal with their child's negative emotions. Parentalwarmth was coded from an interactive task. Results showed that parental warmth moderated therelation between stress and child emotion regulation, such that children of highly warm parentshad better emotion regulation even when experiencing high stress. Parents' reactions to theirchild's negative emotions moderated the effects of parental warmth on child emotion regulation,such that parental warmth was particularly important for children of parents who place less focuson their child's emotions when they experience a negative event. Our findings partially supportedour hypotheses and offer new insight into the importance of parental warmth as a protective factoragainst the negative consequences of stress on children's emotional functioning.


The invention relates to a cylindrical tank for the thermal treatment of a food product (8), of the type comprising heating and/or cooling means (5) of said food product, in addition to a mixer (6) housed so as to be revolving in its interior. The tank (1) consists of a cylindrical mantle (4), closed by a rear bottom (3) and by a front flange (7), there also being means (15, 16) for feeding the mentioned product (8) inside the tank (1). At least one temperature sensor (9) of the mentioned food product (8) is also positioned in correspondence with an area (10) situated in the front portion of the mentioned mantle (4), corresponding to the discharge area of the same food product from the tank (1). The invention also relates to machines which use the above-mentioned tank.


NORVIE L MANIGBAS1, TEODORO C MENDOZA2, JOSE E HERNANDEZ3, RESTITUTA P ROBLES4 & RUBEN L VILLAREAL5 1 Research Associate, Philippine Sugar Research Institute Foundation, Inc, Victorias City, Negros Occidental, Philippines; email email@example.com. 2 Associate Professor, 3 Professor and Chair, 4 Professor, Department of Agronomy, University of the Philippines Los Banos, College, Laguna, Philippines. 5 Director, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, College, Laguna, Philippines. Study funded by PHILSURIN; portion of the PhD dissertation of the senior author at the University of the Philippines Los Banos, College, Laguna, Philippines


Summary

Over 4000 arrival times at WWSSN stations in Europe from earth-quakes in the Eastern Mediterranean and from presumed Russian nuclear explosions are used to define first arrival travel-time curves for the region. Travel times within Europe show no broad regional variation and are considerably slower than those predicted by published velocity models for Fennoscandia and the Russian Platforms. The travel times from the Russian explosions differ only slightly from the European ones and it is concluded that the transition to a region of higher average velocity occurs far enough east for most of the data in this study to be representative of the lower, 'European', velocity structure.


This paper,based on the close relationship between language and culture,aims to analyze the necessity of teaching culture in the ELT classroom for English majors.It then generalizes the cultural content to be taught by adopting both scattered and systematic information from major course books.The paper ends by suggesting approaches in and out of class to cultural teaching systematically.


In order to meet the demands of raw materials for biomass fuel oil production in China, comprehensive research on woody energy plant resources for biological fuel oil in China was conducted. Results and suggestions are posed in the respects of: the distribution, growth and possibility for utilization of the main woody energy plants in China, the establishment of resources base for woody energy plants in the resource-abundant area, the selection and breeding of superior varieties and research on their biological characteristics and economic characters, as well as the establishment of breeding bases. This research not only fillesd up the blank of research on woody bio-fuel oil plants, especially the selection and breeding of improved varieties, providing new resources for the production of bio-fuel oil,but also plays an obvious role in speeding up the progress of bio-fuel oil industrialization.


Parallel Sparse Matrix Vector Multiplication (PSpMV) is a compute intensive kernel used in iterative solvers like Conjugate Gradient, GMRES and Lanzcos. Numerous attempts at optimizing this function have been made that require fine tuning of many hardware and software parameters to achieve optimal performance. We attempt to offer a simple framework that involves (i) Employing a greedy algorithm to extract variable-sized dense sub matrices without zeroes filled in, (ii) Partitioning the sparse matrix in a load balanced manner and maintaining partial information at each node, and (iii) Overlapping communication with computation. Using the aforementioned, we reduce memory traffic and hide communication latencies, and hope to inherently achieve improved cache and register utilization. This paper reports the performance improvements of PSpMV as such and when used in Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG).


The status of physiologist and physiology in medical colleges and institutes has been a concern of the physiological societies and Bangladesh Society of Physiological (BSP) as well. The newly formed BPS has undertaken an initiative the future of the medical physiologist and learning objective of the medical physiology education in Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4168 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol . 2009 Dec;4(2): 24


ABSTRACT In 1969, author Bil Gilbert wrote a three-part series on performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) for Sports Illustrated. Garry Valk, publisher of the magazine, characterised the series as 'the first comprehensive and authoritative study of a vastly complicated problem.' This study examined the influence of the Gilbert series on newspaper coverage of PEDs and the reactions of policymakers to both the magazine investigation and subsequent newspaper reporting. Coverage of amphetamines and anabolic steroids increased significantly in the three years following the series, while references to anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers decreased. These patterns reflected an apparent shift from restorative aids to additive substances following the magazine investigation. Additionally, one in three sources cited in Sports Illustrated served as a news source in subsequent press coverage, and some of those sources then testified at government hearings held at the state and national levels. Government hearings on PEDs appeared to function more symbolically than substantively, as did anti-drug campaigns and resolutions in sporting organisations. The study considers implications for sport history and the regulation of performance-enhancing drugs.


The authenticity of advertised QoS for Web services is of particular relevance during service discovery and selection. Reputation of a service is often used as a measure of its trustworthiness. Currently, reputation is usually computed from the users' feedbacks and represents a snapshot for the interactions in a past time slot. However, in an open environment, reputation is a volatile property, which is subject to change. A more effective measure is needed for the users to pick up trustable Web services. In this paper, we propose a novel measure to evaluate the authenticity of Web services based on reputation. To enhance the traditional service trustworthiness measurement that depends mainly on services' current reputation, our measure incorporates historical reputation data of services and service providers' reputation into the evaluation of users' trust in services. Experiments are presented to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach.


Cong Shanghai Faxian Lishi by Xin Ping, responding to Cohen's idea of "discovering history in China" and at the same time borrowing from Yu Yingshi's exposition of the trend of "going into the society"that exists in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and corresponds with commodityeconomy and the theory of Confucianism transformation, holds that it is the "gene" in the Chinese traditional culture that helps it fit modernization and itis intrinsic impetus of Shanghai's modernization as well. However, the author's argument that Shanghai is basically an migrant city and the migration reflects to a large extent their deviation from the traditional ideas does not support the theory.


THE PURPOSE OF [1] was to define conditions, consistent with the expected utility maxim, under which a project's present value could be calculated by application of the income-component discounting notion first introduced in [7]. The anlaysis focused on an individual decision-maker and unfortunately did not consider the corporation with stock trading in a perfectly competitive market. Before turning to the implications of market environment for my results, let us first consider Turnbull's certain world counter-example from which he reasons that my additivity condition does not necessarily hold. One can see that if Turnbull were true to his analysis or to my assumption, that any individual may borrow or lend at a riskless rate without affecting that rate (see [1], p. 995, second paragraph), the U(C1, C2) preference function and his corresponding analysis are irrelevant to this discussion. For if one does allow borrowing and lending at a single interest rate in a certain world-the perfect market assumption, then clearly for any preference function that gives rise to convex indifference curves in (C1, C2) then Pz = Px + Py. To see this draw, the Fisher diagram (Figure 1) where the absolute slope of the market opportunity line is one plus the interest rate, i. Then starting at (C*, C*) it is clear that if the individual is promised an additional Z dollars in period 2 then the maximum price, Pz, that he would be willing to pay in period 1 is Z/(l + i), for he could obtain that trade-off in the market place. Identical reasoning leads to Px= X/(l + i) and Py = Y/(l + i), consequently Pz = Px + Py. My interpretation of the remainder of Turnbull's comment is that the calculation of a project's net present value should simply yield the additions to a firm's future equilibrium stock price and if the market values of the stock's risky component income streams are additive, as they are when equilibrium is represented by a complete set of Arrow-Debreu securities, or in a mean-variance setting with a riskless asset and homogeneous expectations, then additivity holds for the present values or prices of the project's risky income streams. These observations by Turnbull are clearly valid. The additivity principle in the context of a competitive stock market also holds true for heterogeneous expectations, given, of course, equal and costless access to all information by all potential investors. (c.f. [5], and [6].) The common thread connecting these results is that in perfectly competitive security markets all participants achieve efficient portfolio diversification, and therefore equilibrium prices will consequently reflect all possible gains from risk reduction. Since I was negligent in considering the impact of market conditions in deriving my conclusions, some statement should have been made regarding the implications for my results of that other type of market, an imperfect one. If a merger affects


The present invention relates to a device for determining the concentration of at least one gas of the sample gas stream by infrared absorption spectroscopy. The apparatus guidable infrared radiation source radiation through the analysis cell (16) and (12), and the sample gas flow can be conductive to the analysis cell (16) in the absorption spectrum produced by the analysis cell (16) a measurable detector (22) the infrared radiation source (12) or the detector (22) to enable heat conduction contact with that low temperature side (70), and the heat can transfer to the cooling body (46) and a Peltier cooling element (66) having a hot side (68) in contact with. However, inaccuracies in measurement due to thermal noise of the infrared radiation source is often occurs. To prevent inaccuracies of such measurements, the cooling body (46) is cooled by a fan (38) controlled speed.


The comment is well taken to be honest this discrepancies were be cause of the coinfection. The discrepancy between the abstract and the result is corrected


The present invention discloses a power plant boiler burner inscribed circle diameter measuring device and measuring method, the measuring device consists of a rectangular plate, infrared generator, a level composition. Wherein the longitudinal centerline of the steel sheet and the lower left slot machining for fixed installation infrared generator and level meter. The use of infrared visibility, positioning and good can accurately measure the target distance, and by a relatively simple geometric calculations can be obtained theoretical inscribed circle diameter. The measuring method means simple, less measurement parameters accuracy. Currently, the device and the calculation method has been successfully applied to a number of furnace theory Tangential measurement of thermal power generating units of the company, operating data proved the measurement data is accurate and reliable.


The phenomenon of s-wave spin-triplet Cooper pairs induced in ferromagnetic metals has been researched now for more than a decade, and its main aspects are well understood. Crucial in converting s-wave singlet pairs in the superconductor to s-wave triplets in the ferromagnet is the engineering of well-defined magnetic inhomogeneity (the 'generator') at the interface with the superconductor. Vertical layer stacks are typically used as such, where two separate thin ferromagnetic layers with homogeneous but non-collinear magnetizations, provide the inhomogeneity. Alternatively, magnetic textures, like ferromagnetic domain walls and vortices, are possible triplet generators, although they are far less studied. In this paper, we review our experiments on lateral disk-shaped Josephson junctions where a ferromagnetic bottom layer provides a weak link with a vortex magnetization imposed by the shape of the disk. We present three different junction configurations, exhibiting their own generator mechanism. In the first, we utilize the non-collinearity with a second ferromagnetic layer to produce the triplet correlations. The second configuration consists of only the bottom ferromagnet and the superconducting contacts; it relies on the vortex magnetization itself to generate the spin-polarized supercurrents. In the third case, we exploit an intrinsic generator by combining a conventional superconductor (NbTi) and a half-metallic ferromagnetic oxide (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3). We find strong supercurrents in all cases. A particularly interesting finding is that the supercurrents are strongly confined at the rims of the device, independent of the generating mechanism, but directly related to their triplet nature. What causes these rim currents remains an open question.


This article addresses the role and the importance of the 19th-century narratives and depictions of port cities in contemporary architectural design with a specific focus on paintings. In the last decades, cities the world undertook a large number of urban regeneration projects along waterfronts. In this way, vacant sites on waterfront areas became an opportunity to apply contemporary architectural design; however, many of those projects resulted in generic buildings failing to establish relationships with their landscape, environs, and the history of port cities. High-rise buildings, for instance, began to dominate waterfronts in many of the port cities (e.g., in London, Liverpool, Rotterdam, Baltimore). The land was simply used as a "site" by developers, and the contemporary architectural design failed to address the specificity of the architecture and caved in to the demands which had little to do with the possibilities of place. This article showcases a library and concert hall project realised in Bodo, Norway, to provide insight into an alternative model, where the architecture is situated specifically in response to the port condition and acts as a mediator between port, city and landscape. An interview with the architect Daniel Rosbottom, founder of the architecture firm DRDH which designed the project, provided insight into the design process. As Rosbottom elaborated broadly, a 19th-century painting of church San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice h, by the English painter J.M.W Turner was used as an inspiration for the design process. The embedded knowledge in the painting informed the project at various levels and turned a site into a place on the waterfront of Bodo. The design process analysis reveals similarities and significance of paired relations between artworks and architectural design and hints that the remedy of the contemporary architectures in port cities may lie in port cities' own (immaterial) resources.


A general strategy for the synthesis of C 15 halogenated tetrahydrofuranoid lipids from red algae of the genus Laurencia has been developed. The central step is the convenient formation of hydrobenzofuranone (±)-5 on a large scale, and with complete stereocontrol, from the acid-catalyzed condensation of 1-vinylcyclopentanediol (3) and α-(benzyloxy) acetaldehyde (Scheme II). Starting with the chiral, nonracemic (1S,2R)-diol 3, hydrobenzofuranone (-)-5 is also available in good enantiomeric purity (Scheme V). The total synthesis of (±)-trans-kumausyne from rac-5 is accomplished in 13 steps and >5% overall yield


In this paper, a new electromechanical active harmonic filter is proposed. The proposed electromechanical harmonic filter is essentially a rotating asymmetric air gap concentrated winding synchronous machine (AACWSM) with AC and DC excitation field. It is shown that the AACWSM with its unique design can be used to cancel the most dominant current harmonics of the adjacent nonlinear load. The filter is connected in a shunt manner between a nonlinear load and utility. This new AACWSM with its nonlinear current waveform can generate the nonlinear load required harmonics current. By proper control of the field excitation, the proposed electromechanical harmonic filter can compensate for the 5/sup th/ and 7/sup th/ harmonic currents in the electric power distribution system. In addition, 11/sup th/ and 13/sup th/ harmonics magnitudes are also significantly reduced. Analysis and simulation are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed harmonic compensation method.


The aim of the research is to study the dependence of the cerebral hemodynamics features on the evolutionary somatotype. The object of the research was composed of 92 healthy girls at the age of 18. Anthropometric measurements of the body characteristics with the definition of the evolutionary type of constitution, as well as rheoencephalogram and the poll about the health condition of the examined girls were carried out. The differences of rheoencephalogramms according to different constitutional types of the age evolution of the organism were established. Trohanter index (TI) appeared to be the informative criterion. Increasing TI more than on 2.0 standard units increased the intracranial vein tonus which made cerebral outflow of blood more difficult. With the girls having increased TI the constitutional characteristics were accompanied by headaches, giddinessa and reduced mental capacity.


The FB short tandem repeat(STR) alleles, four base pair difference in length, could be separated and identified by capillary gel electrophoresis(CGE).The gene types of these alleles were determined by runing with them a known length DNA fragment. This study paved the way for gene typing of STR locus or individual identification by capillary electrophoresis.


We employed the Schwinger multichannel method to compute elastic cross sections for low-energy electron collisions with ethane (C2H6). The calculations were carried out in the static-exchange and static-exchange plus polarization approximations for energies up to 12 eV. Our integral cross section shows good agreement with experimental data and with theoretical results for energies above 5 eV. There are some differences for energies below 5 eV between our results and the available experimental and theoretical results. Our differential cross sections also agree well with the experiment and with theory for energies above 5 eV; below this energy our results agree in shape, but are smaller than the available experimental and theoretical results. We discuss possible reasons for these discrepancies. We found a broad structure in the integral cross section around 8.5 eV and also a Ramsauer-Townsend minimum around 0.2 eV. These results are in agreement with the experimental observations and theoretical results.


On the basis of the analysis of the structural characteristics of the frame of one 150ZH tricycle,this paper describes an effective FEA method to caculate the carrying ability of the frame and find the weakness of the structure design.The new designed frame achieve the optimization design of the frame without changing its strength and rigidity.In addition,this paper find the rule of stress changing according to the change of load on the finite element analysis model of the frame,and get the maximum carrying ability of the frame.


In sound perception the focus often lies in the cognitive aspect of the sound. We argue that the emotional aspect has to be added to get a fuller picture of sound perception. By using emotions as parameter in design of auditory alerts, one can reach a more accurate reaction to the alert. In this paper we studied the emotional connection to some attributes, common in music psychology, that are possible to describe by simple parameters. Short stimuli were created from these parameters in a factorial test design. The sounds were presented over headphones, with same signal fed to both ears, to 30 participants. The participants were asked to rate level of valence and activation, using a pictorial scale (SAM). Statistical differences was mostly found in ratings of activation, but differences were also shown in valence ratings. Results will be discussed in relation to theories of sound perception as well as music psychology.


Industrial practice of mediumcarbon ferromanganese production by rocking furnace and using Yunnan manganese ore is described.This successful application will be beneficial to effective utilization of highsilicon manganese resources in Yunnan.


Abstract This article is an edited version of the response paper offered at the conclusion of the symposium, Modern Sensibilities. It ties together themes from the symposium papers, as well as ideas prompted by Mieke Bal's exhibition, Emma & Edvard: Love in the Time of Loneliness, and her accompanying book, Emma and Edvard Looking Sideways: Loneliness and the Cinematic. It focuses on the anachronistic entanglements among Flaubert's "Emma," Munch's motifs, Mieke Bal and Michelle Williams Gamaker's Madame B, the Munch Museum's architecture and exhibition scenography, and the exhibition viewer.


Every child has potential, both typical children and children with special needs, especially children with Down Syndrome (DS). Children with DS are classified as having mental retardation; a low level of intelligence indicates the most prominent characteristics. Children with DS have opportunities to grow and develop and possibilities in their human potential. This study aims to identify the hidden human potential in children with Down syndrome (DS) based on the response to the intervention. This type of research is a case study. Researchers chose three research subjects as samples to be observed. The approach used in this research is a case study with a qualitative descriptive approach through an experimental study method. Data collection methods in this study were interviews, observation, documentation, and field notes. The instruments used are observation sheets and interviews. The data used in this study is qualitative data with the Miles and Huberman model. The study results showed that three children with DS had shown the advantages of hidden human potential such as drawing and dancing. The emergence of this hidden human potential is shown by the creation of trust in their relationships with peers, parents, and teachers.


Board (10) for installation on the door of a refrigerator cabinet comprising an outer door (30) and an inner door (31), of the type comprising a soft part (11) of the bellows type for sealing the area between the cabinet (17) and the door, extending from a base portion (12) capable of engaging the outer door (30) and / or the inner door (31) of the refrigerator cabinet and provided with fixing means to said inner door (31), so that said base portion (12) is rigid and that at its end facing said inner door (31) means soft seal (5) extends, therefore deformable to close so tight space (4) located between said cabinet (17) and inner door (31) in a more internal area of the refrigerator with respect to that in which the soft part (11) is located bellows, said means extending soft seal (5) and said soft bellows-type (11) independently from said rigid base (12) and being free from constraints one another, characterized in that said rigid base portion (12) comprises a horizontal section (13), the end of the horizontal section (13) directed operatively to said inner door (31), curves vertically or obliquely according to a rigid section (6) which substantially follows the profile of said inner door (31) towards said space (4) so that said soft means (5) extending from said rigid section (6).


Guided by the scientific development concept,the paper reviews the university sport development in P.R.C.and analyses the current university sport on the basis of concept of people first and health first.The paper also points out the problems in the university sport development and proposes appropriate countermeasures.


Abstract The web server is configured to display the list of files contained in this directory. This is not recommended because the directory may contain files that are not normally exposed through links on the web site. The directory list have some serious vulnerability to show internal files and directory to outsider attackers. Therefore, the proposed countermeasure of directory list is presented to prevent unnecessary valuable information from outsider attackers. Key Words : Directory listings, web server, IIS, Apache, vulnerabilities, and Google Search요 약 본 논문은 디렉토리 리스팅이란 서버 시스템의 파일을 볼 수 있는 것으로 디렉토리 리스팅의 취약점을 갖고 있는 사이트를 찾는 방법과 보완하는 방법이 무엇이 있는지 알아본다 . 검색 사이트인 구글을 이용하여 디렉토리 리스팅 취약점이 있는 사이트를 찾는 법, 구글 검색에 내가 운영하는 사이트가 검색되지 않는 방법과 웹 서버의 운영자가 할 수 있는 취약점 제거 방법을 제시한다 . 주제어 : 디렉토리 리스팅, 웹서버, IIS, 아파치, 취약점, 구글 검색 * This research is supported by 2014 Baekseok University research fund.Received 12 July 2014, Revised 24 September 2014Accepted 20 October 2014Corresponding Author: Sunghyuck Hong(Division of Information and Communication, Baekseok University) Email: email@example.comⒸ The Society of Digital Policy & Management. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is ISSN: 1738-1916 properly cited.


The hysteresis performance of Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors has been investigated with various transverse rebars (D10, D13 and D16). Cyclic loading tests were conducted and energy dissipation and stiffness degradation characteristics were evaluated. Total amount of energy dissipation increases with the diameter of transverse rebars, and stiffness degradation ratio at early stage decreases with increasing diameter of transverse rebars. Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors can be adopted efficiently for seismic performance of composite structure to be improved.


Cognitive-behavioral models suggest that the beliefs and expectations individuals bring into relationships affect their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and satisfaction in them. This article presents the findings of two studies that measured the relationship expectations of young adults, their level of irrational relationship-related beliefs, and their satisfaction in their current relationships. Some results included the following: Participants expected their own relationship satisfaction, when dating, engaged, and married, to exceed their perception of the average American's; and participants expected their relationships to progress from dating through marriage with ever-increasing levels of satisfaction (an outcome contrary to what couples typically experience). Those participants who had lower levels of irrational relationship beliefs than did their peers found their current dating relationships more satisfyzng. The zmplications of these findings for practice are discussed in this article.


Recent laboratory experiments support the popular view that the introduction of corporate leniency programs has significantly decreased cartel activity. We develop a classroom experiment that captures key features of leniency programs. Our treatments include an exploitable and a non-exploitable leniency program to highlight possible adverse effects of leniency programs that are too generous. We also examine to what extent a non-exploitable leniency program triggers tacit collusion. The experimental results show that if the efforts of the antitrust authority and the leniency program are directed exclusively to the most straightforward collusive scheme, subjects manage to switch to a more intricate form of coordination. This shift from overt collusion to tacit collusion can serve as the basis for a classroom discussion about the effectiveness of actual leniency programs.


The weight reduction of Steering gear assay has been a major concern of automakers to make high efficiency vehicles. The application of tube contributes to reduce the weight of automotive parts and obtains the mass efficiency with excellent performance. Recently, Hollow Rack bar has been used to achieve lightweight steering gear assay. In this paper, development procedures of hollow Rack bar by SRM tube are discussed. To meet market needs, an integrated approach to optimizing structural Rack bar designs was developed. For evaluation of Steering gear assay, we have carried out function test and bending test etc. the results was considerable for our specification. The developed hollow Rack bar achieve a 25% weight reduction over a solid Rack bar


making, and the art of music before he learnt the art of the dance; he added that rhythm (tila) was basic to them all. This story is significant from the point of view of the Indian arts, since it points towards the inter-relationship of the arts not on the level of the aesthetic experience alone, but also that of technique. The aim of the Indian artists, in the field of literature (Sahitya), sculpture (Silpa), painting (Chitrakala), music (Sahgita) and dance (Nritya), has been the evocation of a state of mind (often termed "sentiment'-Rasa). The smallest units of space, colour, sound, movement have been recognized in India for their emotive content and their related Rasa, Sthiyi Bh~va (permanent states) and Sanchiri Bhiva (transitory states). The aesthetic theory of the ancients was only a codification of a principle already in practice and the artist very consciously and deliberately employed this complex technique in his art. In Indian dance and Indian music, the continuity of this practice has been preserved, as it has not been in the other arts in India. If we analyze the constituents of the Indian, particularly of South Indian, dance, we discover that the Indian dance combines, in one art form, the techniques of several other art forms. It takes a piece of poetry, which has its particular Rasa, Sthayi Bhiva, etc. and this piece of poetry, narrative or lyric, is set to music in a particular Raga (melody) and a particular Tdla (metrical cycle): the tala and the more particularly the raga also has its particular rasa, sthiyi bh~va, etc.: Each note of the melody and each word of the poem have to synchronize with each other and with the single aim of evoking a particular emotive state (the rasa). The dancer pursues the same aim in her interpretation of this poetry and this riga through movement. The poses she strikes are sculpturesque, not only because she holds a stance in a given point of time, but also because through a succession of these she realizes the moods and attributes of gods and goddesses, as laid down in iconography. Her treatment of space is similar to the sculptor's and each single unit of movement of the human form is significant in so far as it is related to the ultimate objective of evoking the particular emotive state (Rasa). There are thus points of contact between the Indian arts where two arts become one and indistinguishable. The sculptor captures a movement in static form and the dancer gives movement to the static form; indeed it is often said that the Indian dance is a continuous stringing together of many static poses. Music organizes sound to create a particular aesthetic state; dance does the same through the human form. To this end, the dancer makes use of the achievements of sculpture, literature and music. The relationship of Indian music with Indian dance has to be viewed and analyzed in this context. We know that the superstructure of musical composition is built by Svares (notes in an octave) which are charged with