Objective: To investigate the association between the ABO blood group and the COVID-19 susceptibility. Material & Methods: The study is a retrospective cohort study. It included all hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 patients in Qatif central hospital, Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. Results: Our sample consists of 72 patients, we found a percentage distribution of 23.62%, 33.33%, 9.72%, and 33.33% for blood groups A, B, AB and O, respectively. Our results showed significantly increased risk for AB blood groups and significantly lower risk for the O blood group. Although there was a higher percentage distribution of the B blood group among COVID-19 patients as compared to the blood donors' groups, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: patients with AB blood group have higher susceptibility while patients with O blood group have lower susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Our study has limitations and further studies are needed.


The properties of the surface phonon modes in spherical SnO 2 nanometer particles were studied by the method of infrared spectroscopy. The sum total of Frohlich modes of SnO 2 nanometer particles were reported in our experiments. The theoretical results of surface mode frequency of SnO 2 nanometer particles were presented, which agreed well with those of experiments. Finally, the effects of quantum confinement on the infrared properties of SnO 2 nanometer particles were discussed.


Theta join is commonly employed in real practices. Although SPARQL is a popular RDF query language, SPARQL does not define the specification of theta join until 2013. After that, few RDF stores except the stores based on RDBMS or key-value stores can process theta join. However, processing theta join on RDBMS or key-value stores is costly due to lack of RDF-native optimization. Efficient solutions to process theta join queries on RDF graph directly have not been fully explored. Here, we present ThetaStore to parallel process SPARQL theta join queries on large RDF graphs. First, a uniform SPARQL query graph model for theta join queries and equi-join queries is defined. Second, each subject, predicate, and object of RDF triples are mapped into order-preserving IDs instead of an random integer as most of RDF stores do. By this way, the engine does not need to translate theta join into a set of equi-joins. Finally, the engine employs decomposition and segment-oriented parallelization to execute SPARQL queries. The engine decomposes query into several star sub-queries and the intermediate results matching each pattern are divided into segments. Extensive experiments are conducted on large RDF data sets and experimental results show that ThetaStore outperforms state-of-the-art systems in both theta joins and equi-joins.


Objective: Grey relational analysis(GRA) and fuzzy clustering analysis(FCA) are adopted to discuss the regularity of compound herbal formulae for OP.Method:A retrieval of China Knowledge Infrastructure(CNK) was undertaken to identify the 104 articles of compound herbal formulae for OP which were published from January 1995 to December 2005.Collecting and discussing each herbal name and dosage under EXCEL2000.The herbs which were used more than 10 times were discussed by GRA under EXCEL2000 and clustered by FCA under SPSS 10.0.Result:There were 104 prescriptions(totaling 106 herbs and 1204 counts of frequency) in the compound herbal formulae for OP.The herbs which were used for more than 10 times included 34 herbs,i.e.Radix Rehamanniae Preparata,Herba Epimedii and Cortex Eucommiae,etc.The total frequency of using these herbs were 890 counts and the coefficients of GRA in turn were Rhizoma Dioscroeae,Herbba Epimedii and Rhizoma Drynariae,etc.When the herbs were classified into 8 clusters by the means of Hierarchical Cluster,Rhizoma Dioscroeae,Radix Astragali,Radix Codonopsis,Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,Radix Et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae,Rhizoma Polygonati,Poria and Rhizoma Alismatis were in the same cluster,Herbba Epimedii,Semen Crotonis Pulveratum,Cortex Eucommiae,Radix Dipsaci,Rhizoma Drynariae,Fructus Psoraleae,Colla Cornus Cervi,Rhizoma Cibotii and Semen Myristicae were in the same cluster.Conclusion: The means of DM such as GRA and FCA can be well applied to find the regularity of compound herbal formulae.


The kinetic mechanism of CO/H2/Cl2 mixture oxidation is an important subsystem of chlorinated waste combustion chemistry. A new kinetic model is constructed and validated by the data from experiments, in which this system was studied in an atmospheric pressure flow reactor to investigate the influence of chlorine content and reaction temperature on CO conversion. The inhibition mechanism is discussed with sensitivity analysis and rate of productivity analysis. The results indicate that CO oxidation is inhibited by chlorine. CO conversion varies inversely with the chlorine to hydrogen mole ratio of the inlet mixture and increases with temperature. The HCl formation process and the reaction HCl+OH=Cl+H2O decrease the OH concentration in the reaction zone and lead to low CO conversion. The new model predicts HCl concentration relatively well. The reaction H+O2=HO2 shows inhibition effect on both CO conversion and HCl formation. Increasing reaction temperature leads to higher OH concentration in the reactor and larger rate of the reaction CO+OH=CO2+H, which abates the inhibition effect of chlorine on CO oxidation.


Abstract Digital archaeologists claim that their practices have proven to be an important tool for mediating conflict, ensuring that the digital turn in archaeology entails engaging in current political issues. This can be questioned by analysing a copy of the Syrian Arch of Triumph. The original was destroyed in 2015. A year later, a copy was carved out of Egyptian marble; the replica was constructed thanks to digital documentation, which allowed archaeologists to create a 3D model. The arch was placed in various Western locations; however, it never reached Syria. Hybridity, the cultural and political significance of the arch's replica and its 'Grand Tour' invite us to think about different interpretive layers of this artefact of ideological discourse (ontological, epistemological, ethical). In this paper, the replica of the Syrian arch will be analysed through the frameworks of post-colonial theory and technology studies. Both perspectives provide an insight into promising advantages and alarming drawbacks of such digital practices. This paper argues that the case of a copy of the Syrian Arch of Triumph on the one hand reflects the contemporary colonial technocracy in heritage politics (an ethical dimension), and on the other demonstrates that an ideological aspect of its digital reconstruction emerges from a speculative anticipation of what might constitute the universal value of world heritage in the future (an onto-epistemological dimension).


Annealing time dependent optical properties of melt-quench synthesized Er3+-doped (0.5 mol%) zinc-boro-tellurite (ZBT) glasses containing silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) (1.0 mol%) are reported. Heat treatment (HT) durations are varied to control NPs growth. Reduction of NPs sizes from 12.7 to 6.6 nm for HT time beyond 6 hr at 410 °C is ascribed to their diffusion limited growth. Surface plasmon resonance bands evidenced at 550 and 580 nm are red shifted. Luminescence intensity enhancement is majorly attributed to the local field effect of Ag NPs and quenching is due to the energy transfer from NPs to Er3+. Present glass compositions are promising for the development of photonic devices.


The method of obtaining the velocity field relation from the I(V) characteristics of P+FNπP+ structures is analyzed using detailed numerical techniques and semiquantitative analytic descriptions. RRN concluded from differential resistance measurements above punch-through that the velocity was saturated and gave 7.5 \times 10^{6} cm/sec for 04\times10^{5} volts/cm. The differential resistance above puncil-through is composed of: first the space-charge resistance component considered by RRN and second, a term which has its origin in the spill-over of holes into the depleted region of the p+n junction. A detailed analysis of the spill-over shows that as the current is increased the built-in field of the p+n junction is markedly reduced, by neutralization of the depleted space charge. This effect, typically 20% of the total differential resistance, is a factor in the accuracy of the hole velocity. In independent experiments on p+pp+ structures, we have found that the velocity increases by ∼ 30% (to an accuracy of ±5%)over the range of fields in the RRN experiment. It is shown for the p+πp+ structure that the J(V) curve is rather insensitive to the v(E) relation and that a non-saturated velocity also fits the RRN experimental results. An additional correction to the space-charge resistance itself comes from the effect of a nonsaturated velocity.


This paper describes thermal conductivity data obtained for two well characterized coal liquids using a new transient hot wire thermal conductivity instrument. The instrument clearly has the resolution to measure differences in liquid phase thermal conductivity due to the liquid's compressibility. The thermal conductivity measurements are absolute, and the instrument has been verified by a thorough study of toluene from ambient conditions to its critical temperature and 200 atmospheres. The data presented are estimated to be accurate to within 1% over the entire range of the data. The data are compared to the predictions of TRAPP.


Aims:  Clinical assessment of dehydration in children is often inaccurate. We aimed to determine if a scoring system based on standardised clinical signs would reduce the variability between doctors' assessment of dehydration.


The aim of this article is to shed light onto a fundamental issue to the study of collective action: the centrality of moral issues to the explanation of patterns characterizing the collective action of New Social Movements. First, we review the accounts that social movement theory has given of the motivations for collective action. Second, we analyze the way in which formal theories of collective action have tried to explain the role of moral incentives. We then show the difficulties met by this kind of theories given their dependence on instrumental motives. Next we introduce a selection of recent theoretical attempts to overcome the dependency of formal theories to instrumental motives. We conclude by underlining the importance of a broader formal theory of collective action capable of realistically accommodating moral motives.


Recent experience suggests that there is insufficient reflection on the 'why' of mission among missionary pioneers, that is, on the soteriology that underpins missional practices in the West. This article argues, first, that a social view of salvation is the best way to make theological sense of missional community formation (mcf). Second, this implied soteriology is further developed as an integrative lens on various dimensions of salvation in Christianity. Third, it is argued that this relocation of mcf in this social view of salvation offers rich opportunities for witness, and thus a potential remedy against soteriological embarrassment.


Subject This article deals with the insurance mechanism of payment system components. Objectives The article aims to determine the peculiarities of insurance of the payment system and payment infrastructure operators. Methods The research applies an econometric estimation to analyze the payment system functioning. It also constructs a binary logistic regression to determine the requirements for the payment system components insurance. The work uses ISO31000 international standards and the regulations in the field of payment systems. Results Insurance companies can establish requirements for the insured components of the payment system in terms of operations within the payment system. Moreover, insurance companies can put forward demands to ensure the continuous operation of the payment system. Conclusions and Relevance Insurance can be an alternative to the application of the mechanism of impact on the achieved level of risk. This increases the stability of the payment system and increases its attractiveness to the participants. The research results can be used by the Bank of Russia in terms of formalizing the requirements for the functioning of payment system components.


Chemical processes where a gas is absorbed into a liquid and reacts to give a product that desorbs back into the gas are quite common in the industry. In this study, the reaction between the absorbed gaseous reactant and a nonvolatile reactant is considered to be slow, fast or instantaneous, while the volatile product may react further in a slow reaction. Effects of various operating parameters such as the liquid and gas flow rates, the gas-liquid interfacial area and the coefficients for mass transfer are examined. Situations can arise where the absorbing gas reacts but the product diffuses completely to the bulk of the liquid, and the rate of desorption is null. The expressions presented here define conditions to avoid this situation and allow the calculation of the optimal design and operation of the gas-liquid contacting device


Pollutants emitted into the atmosphere, such as ozone, which raises temperature, contributes to climate change. This may have inverse effect on the local air quality. However, other Particulate Matter (PM) components can heat or cool the temperature. Weather and environmental pollution can cause headaches, heart disease, respiratory problems, acid rain, fever, and other symptoms that are harmful to both people and the environment. This research center on development of smart sensors to monitor our environment's exposure to weather and environmental contaminants. This was made possible by developing an interface between data collection and monitoring equipment that interfaced with a website and analysis software. The online portal records and analyzes the measured data from the monitoring device in accordance with the WHO (World Health Organization) standard. It also compares the measured data from various locations. The main microcontroller in this work is an Arduino UNO which helps in data collection; and the CoolTerm application which helps exchange data with hardware connected to serial ports with the microcontroller. The system monitors environmental changes such as temperature and precipitation. The data is displayed as graphical statistics on the web site's design in the form of web portal information.
Offices on the Federal Polytechnic Ile Oluji campus, in addition to the production powerhouse, are used to test the equipment. Each dataset was generated in three minutes and compared to the WHO standard. People who live near generators, according to the findings, face a greater risk to their health.


Throughout the 1990s the issue of reproductive health was put into the global agenda. International organizations stressed that refugees have the same rights as non-refugees to quality reproductive health care particularly those of women refugees. As a result of this recognition programs addressing the reproductive health needs of refugees were initiated and monitored. It is noted that despite the progress seen in the provision of services gaps still exist. This includes the gap concerning the response to AIDS epidemic for people in situations of war and conflict. There is evidence that population movements whether forced by conflict or voluntary in search of economic survival often place people at greater risk of HIV transmission. HIV can spread fast where there is poverty powerlessness lawlessness and social instability: conditions that are often at their most extremes during humanitarian emergencies. Although there are strategies to reduce HIV/AIDS in refugee situations several major obstacles need to be overcome before these effective prevention and care programs can be put in place. These challenges include underdeveloped national AIDS control programs; lack of experience and competence among traditional humanitarian actors to respond appropriately to the multisectoral nature of HIV/AIDS; and the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS.


We consider a specific configuration of a distributed system for the pilot-lmplementation; a closed coupled multiprocessor system. Most of the development has been done on a Nord-100 computer, which acts as a host machine. The host machine is connected to one or more Motorola 68000 microprocessors, equipped with the VRTX operating system kernel. The MC68000s are connected by a bus-system. The CESAR-Pascal compiler and the distributed linker/loader reside in Nord-100. The other parts of the system, i.e. li) and ill) we have called the observatory, and an instance of the observatory runs in each microprocessor. The Nord100 also contains an user interface module, communicating with the user and presenting all the debugging and observation information received from the observatories.


Both high-Tc (105 K) and low-Tc (75 K) superconducting oxides recently reported by Maeda et al. (Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.: in press) are examined by transmission electron microscopy with an EDX analysis. The chemical compositions are estimated to be Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu6Ox and Bi4Sr3Ca2Cu4Oy for high- and low-Tc samples. The diffraction patterns and high-resolution structure images show that the compounds have layered structures with alternate Bi2O2 layers and perovskite ones in a c-direction. A high-resolution image projected along the a-axis clearly shows the presence of the modulated structure with lattice curving.


The main purpose of the dealt design was to realize the frequencies used for the upcoming 5G technology. The dual band antenna of $10 \times 10 \times 1.6\ \text{mm}3$ size producing the frequencies 10.5 GHz and 26.9GHz with a S11 of −25.98 decibel and −26.07 decibel correspondingly. The dielectric material used is FR4 epoxy having 4.4 as its permittivity. It has a quadrilateral slot in the ground to achieve better bandwidth. The VSWR obtained for the generated frequencies is 1.1057 and 1.1046. The examination of return loss, radiation pattern and gain were finished utilizing High Frequency Structured Simulation instrument.


Access of relevant information, or knowledge, is a necessary condition for finding the right solution to a problem or making the right decision. Such information triggers and maintains the psycholo ...


Van der Wiel-Korstanje & Winkler (1970) reported that bifidobacteria form dark brown colonies on reinforced clostridial agar (RCA, Oxoid) supplemented with glucose, horse blood and iron salts (China blue). Subsequent work showed that iron salts in the growth medium were not essential for the formation of the brown pigment. However, omission of glucose or blood (or lysed red cells) from the growth medium resulted in the formation of unpigmented colonies. In addition, several Bifidobacterium strains (25 7; of our isolates) reduced nitrate after growth in the presence of lysed red cells, glucose and nitrate. The present paper deals with the formation of cytochromes by bifidobacteria growing on bloodcontaining media, and the involvement of cytochromes in nitrate reduction.


During 1956 Colonel Bar-On served as the personal assistant of General Moshe Dayan, the Chief of Staff of the Israel Defence Forces. Over this period he kept a detailed diary. During 21–24 October colonel Bar-On served as secretary of the Israeli delegation, headed by David Ben-Gurion the Israeli Prime Minister, which in meetings held in the Parisian suburb of Sèvres negotiated the agreement between Israel, France and the United Kingdom to launch a concerted attack on Egypt. Bar-On kept a detailed record of the proceedings. He was the only one who kept such records. The French and especially the British wished ardently to keep the conference in total secrecy and refrained from leaving any written trace. In the summer of 1957, after the completion of Israel's retreat from the Sinai, General Dayan instructed Colonel Bar-On to transform the diaries into a book form. This book remained classified for the next thirty-five years and was made available to the Hebrew public only in 1991. This article is an abbreviated translation of the chapters which describe what happened at the Sèvres Conference. When this story was written Bar-On was able to use his own diaries and other documents of the Chief of Staff's office as well as his own memory. The result is an authentic description of the event, told with great precision and full colour, though obviously written and interpreted from the perspective of a young and patriotic Israeli officer. It therefore reflects the way the Israelis understood what transpired and does not claim to be an outcome of an objective and academic research. Of special interest are the sections which describe the awkward meeting between Ben-Gurion and Selwyn Lloyd, British secretary for foreign affairs; how a new operating plan suggested by General Dayan enabled Ben-Gurion to overcome his initial hesitations; and the intimate relations which evolved between the Israelis and the French delegation, which included Guy Mollet, the prime minister, Christian Pineau, the minister of foreign affairs and Maurice Bourgès-Manoury, the minister of national defence. Also of interest is the odd way a senior British official signed the 'Sèvres Protocol' against the ardent wish of Sir Anthony Eden to avoid any trace of direct contacts between Her Majesty's Government and the Israelis.


The Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) cohort that measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels from a subset of mothers from a longitudinal community-based study (n=929), has provided Zosky and colleagues with the unique opportunity to examine relationships between prenatal vitamin D deficiency, asthma and reductions in lung function for offspring when they were six and fourteen years old (1). The main findings included a modest reduction in FVC in a combined analysis of six-year-old boys and girls, in association with an increased asthma association for boys, neither of which were evident at age 14. As the authors measured total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and did not take seasonal variation into account, residual confounding might have contributed to the earlier findings.


We present the probabilistic modeling and the identification of non-Gaussian tensor-valued random fields using partial experimental data relative to a partial observation vector of the solution of a stochastic boundary value problem, the latter being a function of the tensor-valued random field which must be identified. Stochastic modeling is based on the introduction of a probabilistic model of a prior non-Gaussian tensor-valued random field and its development on the polynomial Gaussian chaos with random coefficients. The identification methodology is based on several optimization problems, the last being on the construction of a posterior probabilistic model adapted to high dimension. The methodology is illustrated through a three-dimensional linear elasticity problem for materials with a complex heterogeneous microstructure.


The competition in the process of economic globalization is basically the competition of talents. Training of innovative talents is the essential requirement and key to economic globalization and overall training of college students' innovative spirit and ability plays an important role in it. The reinforcement of training innovative talents should begin with renewal of opinions, change of thoughts, reform of teaching contents, improvement in teaching methods, enrichment in practical links, creation of environments for the growth of innovative talents, and strengthening of the construction of teaching staff.


The source rocks of the southwestern Ordos Basin were the mesometamorphic,magmatic active and migmatizational complex metamorphic rocks of Archaean and the metavolcanite-sediment rocks of the Lower Proterozoic.The tectonic character had steady-active dualism.In different source distributing regions,there were quite differences between the characters of light minerals and those of the heavy ones.The quartz was brown metamorphosed rocks,and the feldspar was mainly alkalescent feldspar,the source rock of which was(the quartz)sandstone,quartz schist,quartz rocks and granite or granitic gneiss of the Taihua Group,the Qinling Group and the Kuanping Group.After being analysed synthetically,the study area had three source regions.The constituent of clastic debris and heavy minerals had clearly different characters in the southern and northern source distributing regions.In the period of member 8 of Xiashihezi Formation,the western region of Qingtongxia-Guyuan rupture began to upheave,and the western sediment provenance began to supply the old sediment gradually,where volcano movements once existed.In the southern or southwestern source near the source regions,the sandstone was thick and the reservoir properties were better,which were quite different from the Haiyuan source.What's more,the sandstone was consistent with that of Longxi ancient land.The feldspar-dis solved-pores especially developed in Shanxi Formation and existed in the secondary dissolved pores belts,which was the best exploring target plot.


In this comment I scrutinise critically some of the views put forward in this Special Issue on Sraffa's research programme, his accomplishments, and the relationship of his analysis to the analyses of Petty, the physiocrats, Adam Smith, Ricardo and Marx. A special concern is with the role of the sciences in the elaboration of Sraffa's systems of equations. The emphasis is on precautions that ought to be taken in order not to misinterpret Sraffa's papers, or his objectivist orientation, and on what I consider to be obvious misunderstandings and misconceptions in the literature. Copyright , Oxford University Press.


It is the common consensus that the expansion of a universe always slows down if the gravity provided by the energy sources therein is attractive and accordingly one needs to invoke dark energy as a source of anti-gravity for understanding the cosmic acceleration. To examine this point we find counterexamples for a spherically symmetric dust fluid described by the Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi solution without singularity. Thus, the validity of this naive consensus is indeed doubtful and the effects of inhomogeneities should be restudied. These counter-intuitive examples open a new perspective on the understanding of the evolution of our universe.


The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead has undergone numerous design and manufacturing changes over the last 25 years aimed at improving patient care and outcomes. It is widely accepted that implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads, similar to pacemaker leads, have a finite life. The design of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead is more complex than that of a pacemaker lead, and the propensity for failure is greater. Estimates of the rate of failure vary, but during follow-up at 10 years, the failure rate may be as high as 20%.1 Factors that affect implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead performance include the implanting physician, the patient, and specific characteristics related to lead design. Most lead failures are multifactorial.

Article see p 358

In October 2007, Medtronic voluntarily discontinued sales of the Sprint Fidelis family of leads because of a trend toward decreased survival of the lead compared with an earlier model, the Sprint Quattro. At the time of discontinuation, the lead had been implanted in 268 000 patients worldwide; by October 2010, an estimated 166 000 Fidelis leads remained active worldwide. Fidelis lead failure can be traced to fracture of the pace/sense electrodes, the shocking coils, or both. Failure is usually the result of fracture of either the cable to the anode (ring electrode) near the lead tip or the coil to the cathode (tip electrode) near the anchoring sleeve. The most common complication of lead fracture is rapid oversensing of electrical noise and delivery of inappropriate shocks, but failure to deliver bradycardia pacing and anti tachycardia pacing due to elevated impedance or inhibition of pacing by oversensing has also been reported.2 …


Transmitted neutron spectra were measured for Fe slabs of 9.6 and 19.2 cm thick and 1 and 2 canned Na slabs of 15 cm thick (thickness of the stainless-steel can was 3 mm). The neutrons from the core of fast neutron source reactor "YAYOI" of the University of Tokyo were collimated and incident to the slabs. The intensity and the profile of the incident neutron beam was determined by a preliminary experiment. The transmitted neutrons were measured on the collimated axis and polar angle of 30° and 45° to the axis. Point-to-point Monte Carlo calculation was carried out for the purpose of comparison with experimental data. The results of the calculation showed good agreement to the experimental spectra.


Noah Dormady discusses how auction rules and mechanisms can influence the efficiency of auctions. He provides a concise summary of recently-published research on carbon auctions with a focus on California's consignment mechanism, noting that the consignment mechanism has been observed to distort auction efficiency.


The purpose of this essay is to examine whether the evidence requirements are to high for the asylum seeker in cases when sexual orientation is invoked as the reason for need of protection. Also, whether the application of the legislation by the first and second instances in Sweden is uniform, and if not, what differences there are. To attain the purpose, I have examined thirteen decisions of the first instance and the following thirteen judgements of the second instance, in a critical perspective.

First, I examined the burden of proof of the asylum seeker. Reading the decisions, it is clear that the applicant has the burden of proof. It involves a burden of investigation, which is shared between the applicant and the deciding part in the case. The evidence requirement is to make the need for protection probable. To accomplish this, the asylum seeker has to provide written proof, and when this is not enough to grant the applicant a refugee status, he or she has to make the asylum statement probable. When judging the statement, the investigator shall evaluate how the statement is presented, for example if it is coherent and detailed. It is important that the applicant answer questions and help the investigator throughout the process.

Moreover, I have looked into how the legislation is applied by the two instances in practice and what the determining factors were to grant or decline the applicant a refugee status. The first instance often consider the statement implausible which is why they have declined the application. The second instance on the other hand, grant the application in most cases, often because the authorities in the applicants home country does not have the ability or the will to protect him or her from discrimination and harassments.

The method used and the practical application of legislation is not uniform in the decisions and judgments I have examined, and the main difference is how the guidelines accessible are being used. I do not find the evidence requirements being to difficult for the applicant to reach, as long as the evaluation of probability of the statement is made correctly, which according to me is done by the second, but not by the first, instance.


This book presents a comprehensive study of indigenous disease concepts and traditional healing, based on the authors extensive medico-anthropological fieldwork with the Chimbu people of the New Guinea Highlands, and his review of relevant international literature. The author paints a vivid picture of the people, their history, daily life, and belief system. He endeavors to present the diseases from the emit point of view as the people themselves conceive of nosology and therapy. It is not only the scientific quality of the author's observations which makes his book good reading; the reader feels Sterly enjoyed his work and liked the people he worked with. As did this reviewer during a field trip to the Central Highlands, Sterly found the inhabitants to be exceptionally friendly, hospitable, and alert, willing to share their knowledge with those genuinely interested. Their contacts with western culture have been sporadic and in some places date back only 30 years or less; their traditional culture is quite well preserved. Witchcraft and witchdoctors, spirits, and ancestral powers are still very much part of the people's life and, although the Chimbu have learned to utilize the


PEGylation stealth nano-liposomes as a novel drug delivery carrier has the advantages of long-term,targeting,high efficiency and low toxicity,compared with conventional liposomes,and has been widely applied in targeting preparations,modified-release preparations,etc.The applications of PEGylation stealth nano-liposomes including pharmacokinetics,tissue distribution,reducing toxicity and enhancing tumor targeting were reviewed in this paper.


The major requirement for using the mobility is the essential similarity of the conditions of its laboratory measurement and of those operative in the field. In the mobility control process envisaged here, the slug of the CO/sub 2/ displacement fluid must be uniformly ''thickened'' throughout. If the thickening is of sufficient degree, and if the CO/sub 2/'s ability to displace oil has not been severely degraded by the thickening procedure, then the front of the slug will mobilize and sweep before it essentially all of the crude oil remaining in the formation. The generated Hutchinson-Braun zone will constitute a moving buffer between the slug of thickened CO/sub 2/ and the oil bank. Such a high displacement efficiency can only be expected when instability fingers are almost completely suppressed. One of the more serious ways that the instabilities lower displacement is to induce a geometrical fluid distribution in which there is a large amount of lateral mixing of ''raw'' CO/sub 2/ with crude oil, leading to the continual migration of local ''mixing curves'' into the two-phase region of the composition diagrams discussed by Orr. The implication is that for the proper laboratory measurement of mobility, a steady-state situation is required inmore » a cleaned rock.« less


Surgical dislocation of the femoral head with trochanteric osteotomy is a safe and effective approach for the treatment of articular pathology, including femoro-acetabular impingement, periarticular tumors, femoral head fractures, and some acetabular fractures. It now allows the safe execution of subcapital reorientation procedures, femoral neck osteotomy, and even femoral head osteotomy. It affords visualization of both the femoral head and the acetabulum. Articular reduction can be visually confirmed rather than inferred from the reduction of the retroacetabular surface. An understanding of the anatomy of the medial femoral circumflex vessel is the key to avoiding complications with this approach. With the experience of more than 1000 cases of surgical dislocation, no cases of osteonecrosis have occurred.


The Letter of Aristeas recounts the translation of the Jewish Law into Greek by seventy-two Jewish elders. That number of elders (seventy-two) has been the subject of considerable discussion, and several competing explanations for the origin of the number have been proposed. Some scholars claim the number is derived from Hellenistic (specifically grammatical or arithmological) traditions, whereas others see precedent for the number seventy-two in the details of Exod 24 or Num 11. This paper evaluates several such hypotheses (most of them relatively recent), showing most to be speculative and lacking explanatory power. Rejecting such hypotheses, this paper argues that the number seventy-two emerges from a compromise between two of Pseudo-Aristeas's interests—a hypothesis rendered all the more plausible by its appearance in Epiphanius. All this justifies an appeal for scholars to exercise both diligence and restraint regarding Jewish and Christian engagement with exodus traditions.


The precise mechanism of ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is not fully understood. Recent studies on Rat myocardium revealed that activation of the K ATP channels inhibits this process. The goal of this study is finding the same effect of K ATP channels on IR injury, in rat kidney. In this study the effects of K ATP agonist (Diazoxide) and K ATP antagonist (Glibenclamide) plus a K ATP independent vasodilator (Hydralazin) on ischemia reperfusion injury examined. Female rats of 200-250 g were anesthesized and used for study. Different doses of Diazoxide (1, 5, 15mg/kg) and Glibenclamid (1, 5, 10mg/kg) and hydralazin (1, 3, 15mg/kg) were used (SC) 120 minutes prior to the initiation of IR. Kidneys were removed and checked histologically for the grading of injury. Diazoxide (5mg/kg) prevented these lesions. Different doses of Glibenclamide and hydralazine failed to prevent IR injury. Diazoxide is also a vasodilator agent but failure of hydralazine to prevent the injury revealed that vasodilation was not the exact mechanism of action of Diazoxide.


Constructing Anatomically Accurate Face Models using Computed Tomography and Cyberware data Faisal Zubair Qureshi ,Master of Science Graduate Department of Cornputer Science University of Toronto 2000 Facial animation and cranio-facial surgery simulation both stand to benefit from the development of anatomically accurate computer models of the human face. State-of-thear t biomechanical models of the face have shown promise in animation, but they are inadequate for t h e purposes of cranio-facial surgery simulation. T h e goal of this thesis is t o develop an improved facial rnodel, using Cyberware data which captures the external structure and appearance of the face and head, as tvell as computed tomography (CT) data which captures the interna1 structure of facial soft and hard tissues. To this end, we develop algorithms to (1) register the CT and Cyberware datasets, (2) extract from the CT data a skull subsurface which serves as a foundation of t he soft-tissue model, and (3) compute thickness of facial soft-tissues over the face.


An investigation is carried out on structure-borne vibrations of tyre models at low frequencies. The idea is to use embedded resonant meta-materials to damp the tyres' vibrations and thus reduce the transferred energy to the main attached structures. A simplified tyre model is used, being the investigation of the effects of the embedded substructures the main target of the work; internal pressure and tyre rotation effects are neglected at this stage. Different configurations are tested targeting different natural modes of the tyre, while mechanical excitation is assumed on one section of the tyres. The results show how the proposed designs open new possible and feasible solutions for the vibration control.


In recent years, the gap between the ideal social environment in people's minds and what can be satisfied in reality has been gradually expanding due to improved knowledge levels and the rapid circulation of information. Subsequently, the term "social innovation" emerged and quickly spread around the world (Mulgan, Tucker, Ali, & Sanders, 2007). Nowadays, more and more organizations tend to devote themselves to social innovation, including the rise of many social enterprises, which strive to find more efficient, effective, and sustainable solutions to address major social issues and challenges (Phills, Deiglmeier, & Miller, 2008). In fact, the complexity of the challenges faced by current society cannot be solved by any single discipline or organization, and social issues often face a lack of resources. Therefore, discussions on social innovation should consider how to introduce and integrate multi-disciplinary talents and resources for "value co-creation" through open innovation (Moulaert & Ailenei, 2005) in order to come up with innovative solutions to effectively deal with social issues. However, value co-creation also brings potential risks and costs when it takes place in cross-system and multi-disciplinary design processes (Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004). Difficulties may arise in the field of social innovation in particular because it involves more complicated stakeholders and ecological systems (Leadbeater, 1997). These challenges often occur during the value co-creation processes of multi-disciplinary stakeholders due to their diverse viewpoints and backgrounds, as well as to the complexity of their interest relationship network (Akama, 2009). Therefore, an effective approach to enhance the efficiency of ideation is crucial for value co-creation in social innovation. In addition, social innovation is different from invention because it focuses not only on the creation of new products or services, but also focuses on adoption and diffusion (Mckeown, 2008). Due to high environmental variability, the implementation of social innovation requires verification, the revision of solutions, and continuous improvement in long-term perspectives. One-time involvement or project-based cooperation obviously cannot determine the final results of social innovation. Consequently, the delivery of social innovation needs a sustainable mechanism to constantly trigger value co-creation for key stakeholders and to deal with derivational problems/challenges. Currently the service economy is evoking heated discussions worldwide, and more and more companies have adopted service-dominant logic to carry out innovation work ORIGINAL ARTICLE


To the Editor: I read with interest "Epiduroscopic Changes in Patients Undergoing Single and Repeated Epidural Injections" by Kitamura et al. (1). The authors attribute epidural changes, hemorrhage, and congestion to epidural catheter placement and administration of local anesthetic. While indeed this could be a cause of their findings, the authors neglected the possibility that underlying pathology (lumbar disk herniation, postherpetic neuropathy, and Buerger's disease) in the treatment group made contributions. A control group of patients with lumbar disk herniation, postherpetic neuropathy, and Buerger's disease is required in order to form conclusions regarding epidural anesthesia/analgesia. Nucleus pulposus when injected or displaced into the epidural space will cause an inflammatory reaction (2). Such an effect is thought to be mediated via at least phospholipase A2 (3) and has been observed with epiduroscopy (4,5). I am unaware of any epiduroscopic data on the appearance of the epidural space in patients with postherpetic neuropathy or Buerger's disease.


In a consecutive series of 228 patients reterred to Kalundborg Sygehus, Surgical Department, for treatment of gall bladder disease, 17 patients had common bile duct (CBD) stones. Nine were found pre-operatively and treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), papillotomy and stone extraction. In two cases, however, the ERC procedure failed and the patients were treated successfully using laparoscopic therapy. Six CBD stones were found during laparoscopic surgery. Four of these patients were treated with laparoscopic stone extraction. In two patients laparoscopic stone extraction was not possible and they were treated post-operatively with ERC and stone extraction. Two CBD stones were discovered after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. One was treated with ERC and stone extraction, the other with open surgery. By combining endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures, it is possible in most cases to avoid open surgery for the treatment of CBD stones.


The emission legislation is becoming more stringent very swiftly. In addition to on-road vehicle engines, emissions must be drastically reduced in the engines of off-road applications. Hence efficient and feasible exhaust after-treatment devices will thus be abundantly needed in all sectors utilizing diesel engines as prime movers. But the major challenge that is faced by most of the engine manufactures now a days is to meet the stringent emission norms with least modification in the engine design. Hence for achieving the emission norms simplicity of the design has to be maintained as far as possible by optimizing the available engine enhancement techniques. This paper deals with such optimal cost reduced engine enhancement as well as emission abatement technique for offroad applications. Normally the power output of naturally aspirated diesel engine is directly proportional to the amount of air that can be forced into the cylinder per cycle and the amount of fuel that can be burned efficiently. Consequently in this research 1.7L naturally aspirated engine is enhanced by small waste gate turbocharger and water spray cooled intercooler technique, further the highlights are use the above technique as low cost emission abatement strategies for Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and smoke reduction using BS-IV (50ppm Sulphur) diesel fuel.


In order to contribute to the knowledge of the fungal diversity in the Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, a taxonomic revision of the species collected throught 2014 has been made, classified in three levels: a) new or very special interest species, b) interesting or uncommon species, c) other species. Given the breadth of the territory that has been studied, prospecting areas have been limited to the bassins of the Ara, Arazas, Bellos, Yaga and Cinca rivers.
311 taxa were identified, corresponding 240 to Phyllum Basidiomycota , 61 to Ascomycota and 10 to Myxomycota ; the most representative orders are Agaricales, Russulales, Pezizales, Polyporales, Boletales and Helotiales . Among the identified species, have been found 9 between the proposals for the catalog of protected species of the Iberian Peninsula and/ or Aragon.
In this paper a first contribution to the catalog is showed, first as a list of all identified taxa and then, a taxonomic description with its macro and microscopic iconography for 16 of them, corresponding with interesting or uncommon species.


As nuclear power plants are getting older, interests on a decontaminating process are increasingly attracting more attention. Chemical decontamination is crucial to lower the production of radioactive waste and radiation dose rate. Prior to this, oxidizers and detergents for target material should be chosen so as to decontaminate major systems and components of a nuclear power plant chemically. In order to decontaminate it properly, it is crucial to have information about the chemical composition and crystalline structure of CRUD, analyzing its samples from the target or the decontamination system with components. However, there is no program which enables the extraction of samples directly from the object or the decontamination system with components carrying genuine radioactivity. Therefore, it is limited to samples from corrosion products carrying partial radioactivity as a resource. The composition of CRUD varies considerably depending on refueling cycle because it is closely related to the constituent of basic material. After settling a target, it is crucial to analyze and obtain analytical information about CRUD as a decontamination target. In this paper, various technologies for manufacturing simulated CRUD are introduced as alternatives to unattained samples. A metal oxide or metal hydroxide was used to synthesize simulated cruds having chemical compositions and crystalline stricture similar to the actual one by 12 different methods. CRUD 4(metal oxides in the autoclave vessel) and CRUD 10(metal oxides in a crucible after hydrazing pretreatment)were chosen as the best method for Type 1 and Type 2.respectively. As these CRUD can be synthesized easily without using any specialized equipment or reagents in a short time and in large quantities, they are expected to stimulate the development of decontaminating agents and processes.


The natural RaD (210Pb) concentration in man has been determined from measurement of RaF (210Po), by a silver plating method, in bone samples obtained from autopsy of unexposed children aged 0…13 years. The average RaD concentration found in 25 bone samples was 0,070 pCi/g ash. The concentration was 10% higher in trobecular than in cortical bones. Average RaD concentration in ribs 13% higher than that in femurs. Extremely high RaD contents were found in two caput femoris samples. Moreover an increase of RaD concentration according to age has been stated.


Chondrichthyes (including sharks, rays, and chimaeras) are a class of jawed cartilaginous fishes (with skeletons composed primarily of cartilage), with major relevance to the marine ecosystems and to humanity. However, cartilaginous fishes are facing various threatens, inflicting abrupt declines in their populations. Thus, critical assessment of available molecular genetic variation, particularly retrieved from Chondrichthyans' transcriptomic analyses, represents a major resource to foster genomics research in this ancient group of vertebrate species. Briefly, RNA-Seq involves the sequencing of RNA strands present on a target tissue, which can assist genome annotation and elucidate genetic features on species without a sequenced genome. The resulting information can unravel responses of an individual to environmental changes, evolutionary processes, and support the development of biomarkers. We scrutinized more than 800 RNA-Seq entries publicly available, and reviewed more than one decade of available transcriptomic knowledge in chondrichthyans. We conclude that chondrichthyans' transcriptomics is a subject in early development, since not all the potential of this technology has been fully explored, namely their use to prospectively preserve these endangered species. Yet, the transcriptomic database provided findings on the vertebrates' evolution, chondrichthyans' physiology, morphology, and their biomedical potential, a trend likely to expand further in the future.


The Pacific Northwest Power Marketing Agency, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), conducted a retrofit wall insulation study to determine the effects of various obstructions within a wall cavity, where voids are likely to occur, and preferred filling methods and material types. The insulation test structure was composed of four 8-foot /times/ 12-foot walls, and was built using standard construction practices. The inside walls were clear plastic glazing, instead of gypsum board, to enable viewing of the filling process. A total of eight tests were performed: four cellulose, two rockwool, and two fiberglass. One- and two-hole filling methods were observed. All insulations were found to perform in the same basic manner with all experiencing the same problem areas. Common installer problems were empty spaces at the tops of cavities and missed cavities, especially above headers. Wiring and lath and plaster consistently caused reduced insulation densities in cavities. The problems with wiring, lath and plaster, and other features in the wall cavities were avoided with the use of a filler tube. The filler tube also provided a more consistent fill along the length of the entire cavity. 2 figs., 3 tabs.


Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ¦ Volume 5 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2018 65 failure in a young patient, who has recently undergone lumbar discectomy, is almost diagnostic of traumatic AVF. Almost 25% of these cases go undetected for up to a year due to mild symptoms, treatment of congestive symptoms with diuretics, misdiagnosis, and ignorance of this condition. The diagnosis of this condition is made by imaging, usually CTA or DSA.[5,6]


Background: Variable intravenous recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) dosages are used for ischemic stroke. We aimed to report our experience from administering different rt-PA doses in a tertiary referral center in Middle-East.
Method: Medical documents of ischemic stroke patients who received rt-PA were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Patients were grouped into three categories based on the received total amount of rt-PA and their body weight: 0.6 mg/kg (low-dose), 0.75 mg/kg (intermediate-dose), and 0.9 mg/kg (high-dose). During the hospitalization period, patients were under full surveillance for rt-PA complications. The validated format of the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) were used at the baseline, at the time of being discharged, and after 3 months. Chi-square, ANOVA, and ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis.
Results: 602 patients were evaluated and grouped as follow: 187 (31.06%) in 0.6 mg/kg group (61% male) with mean age of 68±15 years, 217 (36.04%) in 0.75 mg/kg group (59% male) with mean age of 67±13 years, and 198 (32.89%) in 0.9 mg/kg group (50% male) with mean age of 69±17 years. There was no significant difference between the three groups regarding their demographics, comorbidities, and the distribution of stroke risk factors. No significant difference was seen between the three groups regarding in-hospital death and intracranial hemorrhage (p=0.07 and 0.09, respectively). In terms of NIHSS, no significant difference was observed between the three groups at the time of admission, discharge, and follow-up (p=0.98, 0.85, and 0.47, respectively). At the time of discharge, the mRS of 0.6 mg/kg group was significantly higher than the other two groups (p=0.04), which decreased in the 3-month follow-up and did not make significant differences (p=0.38).
Conclusions: According to the in-hospital mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, mRS, and NIHSS scores, we recommend 0.75 mg/kg as our safe, beneficial, and cost-effective dosage.


This paper focuses on the detailed modelling of the synchronization process for a wet dual-clutch transmission. The working phases and principles of the synchronizer are investigated. Some parameters which affect the synchronizer process significantly are discussed and considered to improve the accuracy of the model. The simulations and experimental results have demonstrated that the synchronizer model has sufficient validity and accuracy. The model is applied to analyse some of the special dynamic behaviours. The results indicated that the model provides a practical simulation platform for further study of the synchronizer.


Abstract : Contents: Investigation of the Working Cascades of Turbines at Supersonic Velocities, An Approximation Method for Calculating Steady State Uniform Gas Flow in a Tube with Equilibrium dissociation and Ionization, Taking into Account Resistance.


Previous studies on the efficacy of bromocriptine for the treatment of patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome failed to include control groups. This study, therefore, was undertaken to determine the clinical and endocrine effects of bromocriptine and a placebo (given in a random double blind fashion) in 55 patients with PCOS. The plasma levels of estrone, estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and serum PRL and gonadotropins (LH and FSH) were measured before treatment. In addition the serum PRL response to TRH and the serum LH and FSH response to GnRH were determined. The effects of acute administration of bromocriptine (2 × 2.5 mg at 12-h intervals) on serum gonadotropins and their response to GnRH were studied to explore the possibility that this test might predict the response to chronic bromocriptine treatment. Bromocriptine then was given at an initial dose of 1.25 mg twice daily. If no clinical improvement occurr...


One of the most loved leaders of the Royal Australian Navy, David Martin was a capable performer, but his premier quality was his love of his people. In conversations where Australian naval people discuss their leaders, David Martin's name shines as an inspirational officer who inspired his people, to give their best for him and the Service, and who sought to serve under him again when they could. He excelled in his naval career, but also beyond that, as an immensely popular Governor of New South Wales, who was sadly taken from us at the peak of his days.


SUMMARY A new rule is presented to estimate strength-reduction factors in single-degree-of-freedom elastoplastic oscillators, inwhich reduction factors depend only on displacement elastic spectra, so they are not an explicit function of structuralperiod. It is found that the proposed rule yields good results when applied to accelerograms recorded in Þrm and softsoils, and for damping ratios of 2, 5 and 10 per cent of the critical. It is shown that the proposed reduction rule is moregeneral than others previously published, and at least as accurate. ( 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY WORDS : strength-reduction factors; elastoplastic systems INTRODUCTIONContemporary seismic design of buildings requires, among many other things, the estimation of variousstructuralresponse parameters in the inelastic range. For instance, since enough strength must be furnishedto limit ductility demand, k, to a speciÞed value, and thus prevent collapse, estimation of k for a givenstrength is essential in the design process.Estimation of required strengths, ductility demands or inelastic displacements is usually done using


We report a CMOS imager embedded with energy-efficient object detection and bio-inspired 2D optic flow generation cores for navigation of nano-air-vehicles (NAVs). The proposed vision-based navigation system employs spatial difference imaging and gradient orientation using mixed-signal circuits to achieve both energy-efficient and area-efficient implementation. The system achieved 272.49 pJ/pixel with 75% reduction in memory size for integrated operation of object detection and 2D optic flow generation.


The objective was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of Sorghum polyphenolic extracts on raw 264.7 cells.

 Sorghum polyphenols were extracted using a 70% ETOH and 5% citric acid solvent. Raw 264.7 cells were treated with either vehicle 1.25, or 0.625 mg/ml polyphenol extract from either a novel high polyphenol sorghum or SC84. Supernatant was harvested and Nitric Oxide was measured at a 12 hour time point. ELISA assay was performed to measure the concentrations of 12 anti-inflammatory associated cytokines. Cell morphology changes were observed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours using light microscopy. 84 genes associated with inflammation were measured via QPCR. Western blot analysis measured the expression of LC3 as well as STAT1, STAT3 and NF-kB nuclear translocation.

 Nitric Oxide was reduced by the sorghum extract (not significant). Cell morphology changed by  developing vacuole like structures and an apparent decrease in cell number. ELISA analysis showed that Il-6 and Il-10 were significantly reduced in all treatments. SC84 extract showed an increase in G-CSF production in activated macrophages. QPCR revealed LPS and IFNY activated cells treated with HP extract showed an increase in the expression of 9 and decreased expression of 14 cytokine related genes compared to cells that had only been activated by LPS and IFN Y. When LPS and IFN Y activated cells were cotreated with SC84 extract, 15 cytokine related genes were upregulated and 16 cytokine related genes were downregulated. LC3 expression was measured via western blot and showed a dose dependent with 1.25 mg/ml showing statistical significance. STAT3 nuclear translocation induce by LPS/IFN Y was attenuated by sorghum polyphenols.

 The sorghum polyphenols modulated immune response via a reduction in Th2 promoting cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. LC3 II expression increased with the concentration of the HP polyphenol extract treatment, suggesting autophagy.

 All funding was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture.


This article compares the performance of the UK economy since 1997 with that between 1979 and 1997 and with the performance of the other G7 economies in both periods. It concludes that Britain has done relatively well in terms of productivity growth, economic growth and national income per head but not very well in terms of labour market performance. Savings rates were too low to deliver sustainable economic growth over the period 1979–97 and there has been very little improvement since then. The performance of the economy during the recession and its immediate aftermath has been disappointing relative to the other G7 economies.


This application, in one embodiment, discloses a method for converting a direction of the machine is moving in a first direction. The method includes receiving a signal indicating an intention to try to change direction of the machine in a second direction. The method also includes the step of determining on the basis of whether or not greater than a certain threshold value signal indicating the speed of the machine, at least partially electric motor parameters. Finally, the method, until the speed reaches the threshold value, comprising the step of applying a braking torque in response to a signal indicating the position of the accelerator pedal in at least one running mechanism of the machine.


We apply a theory of wave propagation through a turbulent medium to the scattering of radio waves in pulsar magnetospheres. We find that under conditions of strong density modulation the effects of magnetospheric scintillations in diffractive and refractive regimes may be observable. The most distinctive feature of the magnetospheric scintillations is their independence of frequency. Results based on diffractive scattering due to small-scale inhomogeneities give a scattering angle that may be as large as 0.1 rad and a typical decorrelation time of 10-8 s. Refractive scattering due to large-scale inhomogeneities is also possible, with a typical angle of 10-3 rad and a correlation time of the order of 10-4 s. Temporal variation in the plasma density may also result in a delay time of the order of 10-4 s. The different scaling of the above quantities with frequency may allow one to distinguish the effects of propagation through a pulsar magnetosphere from the interstellar medium. In particular, we expect that the magnetospheric scintillations are relatively more important for nearby pulsars when observed at high frequencies. If confirmed, these results would provide a direct testing of the plasma inside the light cylinder.


This paper describes a conceptual and theoretical framework for the resolution of seemingly contradictory evidence for decision-making. Basic to this approach is the use of granulation provided by the categories obtained by ascending concept hierarchies. This process will be driven by the use of a criterion that represents the utility of granular categories to the user's decision making. The definition of complete and partial evidence resolution and their properties are developed, which permits the formulation of the concept of preponderance of evidence for the decision maker. Finally, we show some preliminary results on the concepts of strength and consensus measures to provide metrics of the goodness of the evidence resolution.


This article analyses selected excerpts from the writing of Antjie Krog and Yvonne Vera in order to theorise strategies for overcoming the disjuncture between the mind and the body that tends to result from violence. Both authors repeatedly return to the bodies of their characters and they insist that psychic and physical pain and trauma reside in the bodies of survivors as much as in their psyches. Acknowledging this corporeal reality of violence circumvents any opportunity to deny the totality of the impact that violence has on the lives of survivors. This has implications for survivors as well as for those who read or hear about violence. By developing an embodied language of violence and trauma, these authors offer new and more comprehensive ways of dealing with traumatic violations. When survivors reclaim their bodies, they are also able to utilise their bodies' capacity for healing and comfort. When readers, and society at large, are unable to deny the harm that violence does to bodies, they are compelled to recognise the reality of survivors' suffering. The article illustrates that the body can speak and that we ignore its voice at our peril.


Objective: To compare the anatomic features of the eustachian tube (ET) between children with and without otitis media with effusion (OME) and with adults.


Renewable energy sources (RESs) are extensively researched nowadays. There are many reasons for this such as air pollution, depletion of energy resources, and decreasing fossil fuels. One of the most widely used RES plant is based on solar energy due to its modular structure. This study includes design and analysis of a two-phase interleaved boost converter based micro inverter which is simulated with MATLAB Simulink software. The power capacity of designed micro inverter is 350W where input voltage is nearby 50V and output voltage is set to $\mathbf{220}\ \mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{rms}}$. It consists of two main parts as two-phase interleaved boost converter and H-bridge inverter. They have dedicated controllers to ensure stable operation under varying weather conditions. A maximum power point tracker (MPPT) controls the two-phase interleaved boost converter while the H-bridge is controlled by a PI controller. The THD ratio of voltage and current is 0.66% in FFT spectrum.


A role of internal calcium was found in the inward current response of single, dispersed, smooth muscle cells to muscarinic receptor activation but no obligatory role for guanine nucleotide binding proteins, in contrast to their obligatory role in muscarinic responses in heart and other tissues.


The ANPC (Active Neutral Point Clamped) topology was initially proposed to overcome the unequal loss distribution among the NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) converter power devices. This goal depends deeply on the PWM strategy that is controlling the converter. In this paper, the thermal behavior of the ANPC converter is firstly analyzed. The actual issue is the unequal junction device temperature distribution. So a thermal model based on Foster network is used to estimate the converter switches junction temperatures. In this paper a comparative study of four PWM control strategies is carried out to focus on their influences on the junction temperature distribution among the power devices of the ANPC converter. The comparison is performed with a three level ANPC converter constructed of SKM50GB12T4 IGBT modules. Simulations are performed based on experimental data of the power device. Results are provided to point out the most adapted PMW strategy towards unequal junction temperature distribution and global converter performances.


The User's Guide, the first in a series of manuals, presents an overview of available methods for identifying, evaluating, and controlling hazards in facilities that use, manufacture, or store acutely toxic chemicals that could be released into the environment. Hazardous chemicals and their key characteristics are discussed, followed by a discussion of the potential hazards in process and physical-plant design and in operational procedures. Formal methods of hazard identification and evaluation are discussed, their major features are compared, and an overview of control principles for prevention, protection, and mitigation is presented. Examples of control technologies are listed, and an example guide for inspecting facilities is presented. Important references on the topic of accidental toxic chemical release prevention are cited.


The test study on the basic behaviors of commercial recycled high performance concrete has been carried out,the test results indicate: the recycled aggregates concrete can become high performance concrete by using the common materials and appropriate methods,the compressive strength and the tensile strength of recycled high performance concrete is just a little low than those of common high performance concrete.At the same time,the elastic modulus of recycled high performance concrete is evidently lower than that of common high performance concrete,and the elastic modulus increases with the concrete's strength enhanced.And moreover,the failure of recycled high performance concrete is often broken by the interface between the recycled aggregates and the new motar matrix.Finally,by the regression analysis,the relationship between the axial compressive strength and cubic compressive strength of recycled high performance concrete has been constituted,and its calculating formula of elastic modulus has been suggested.


Quantum systems allow one to sense physical parameters beyond the reach of classical statistics---with resolutions greater than $1/N$, where $N$ is the number of constituent particles independently probing a parameter. In the canonical phase estimation scenario the Heisenberg Limit $1/N^{2}$ may be reached, which requires, as we show, both the relative size of the largest entangled block and the geometric measure of entanglement to be nonvanishing as $N\!\to\!\infty$. Yet, we also demonstrate that in the asymptotic $N$ limit any precision scaling arbitrarily close to the Heisenberg Limit ($1/N^{2-\varepsilon}$ with any $\varepsilon\!>\!0$) may be attained, even though the system gradually becomes noisier and separable, so that both the above entanglement quantifiers asymptotically vanish. Our work shows that sufficiently large quantum systems achieve nearly optimal resolutions despite their relative amount of entanglement being arbitrarily small. In deriving our results, we establish the continuity relation of the Quantum Fisher Information evaluated for a phase-like parameter, which lets us link the QFI directly to the geometry of quantum states, and hence naturally to the geometric measure of entanglement.


Pavement maintenance plays a significant role in megacities. Managing complaints and scheduling road reviews are the two maintenance concerns under the intelligent pavement management system (PMS) plan. In contrast, if the damages are not treated immediately, they will increase over time. By leveraging accurate data from sensors, smart PMS will improve management capability, support sustainability, and drive economic growth in the road network. This research aimed to elaborate on the different modules of an intelligent city pavement network to advance to a sustainable city. First, a 3D mobile light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor, accompanied by a camera, was applied as the data collection tool. Although 3D mobile LiDAR data have gained popularity, they lack precise detection of pavement distresses, including cracks. As a result, utilizing RGB imaging may help to detect distresses properly. Two approaches were integrated alongside conducting the data analysis in this paper: (1) ArcGIS pro, developed by Esri Inc., which includes noise removal, digital elevation model (DEM) generation, and pavement and building footprint extraction; (2) the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (AASHTOWare PMED), which was used to assess site specifications such as traffic, weather, subbase, and current pavement conditions in an effort to design the most appropriate pavement for each road section. For the 3D visualization module, CityEngine (a software from Esri) was used to provide the 3D city model. After implementing the research methodology, we drew the following conclusions: (1) using the AASHTOWare PMED method to make decisions about road maintenance and rehabilitation(M&R) actions can significantly speed up the decision-making process, essentially saving time and money and shortening the project's duration; and (2) if the road conditions are similar, the smart geographical information system (GIS)-based PMS can make consistent decisions about road M&R strategies, i.e., the interference from human factors is less significant.


Objective To investigate the protection by Vitamin C against L-DOPA-induced disruption of free radical dynamic balance in glial cell culture and to prevent accelerated progression of Parkinson′s disease by L-DOPA in experimental studies. Methods Glia-containing cultures were treated with L-DOPA (100 μmol/L), VitC (200 μmol/L) +L-DOPA (100 μmol/L) or nothing. Level of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined at 24h, 48h and 72h. Results At all time spots, L-DOPA alone induced a significant reduction in GSH content, GSH-Px and SOD activities (P0.05~0.01) and increase in MDA levels (P0.05~0.01) compared with VitC+L-DOPA and blank controls. Treatment with VitC+L-DOPA was not shown to significantly change the GSH content, GSH-Px and SOD activities and MDA levels (P0.05 or 0.01) at each time point, compared with blank controls. Conclusion Vit C appeared to enhance GSH content, GSH-Px and SOD activities, reduce MDA levels, maintain dynamical balance of free radicals in glial cell cultures and reduce L-DOPA toxicities on neurons.


Mechatronic systems are of increased importance in engineering and their relevance goes hand in hand with the increasing complexity of the tasks they perform. Due to the inherent complexity of mechatronic systems, a concurrent systematic and multi-objective design thinking methodology is crucial to replace the often used sequential design approach that tends to deal with the different domains separately. In this research we present a new multi-criteria profile (MMP) for mechatronic system performance evaluation in the stage of conceptual design. Based on the assessed MMP for each of generated design concepts and using a method of aggregation for interacting criteria, a global performance index will be calculated. Best mechatronic configurations are determined by maximizing this performance index. In the presented paper two nonlinear fuzzy integrals called 2-additive Choquet and Sugeno will be used for the aggregation of criteria and fitting the intuitive requirements for decision-making in the presence of interacting criteria. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design method alongside each of the decision making models will be validated via a case study of designing a robotic visual servoing system. The comparative simulation results for the overall system performance will also be presented for both cases of using Choquet and Sugeno integrals.© 2014 ASME


Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder. It is the second most commonly occurring syndrome, Trisomy 21 being the most common. It is the most common microdeletion syndrome. The clinical range of features with which affected individuals present is very broad and includes congenital heart disease (particularly conotruncal malformations), palatal abnormalities, characteristic facial features, and learning difficulties. In total, there are more than 180 different phenotypic features associated with 22qDS. Due to the wide variability of phenotypic features that can arise in 22qDS it is often difficult to know when to test for the syndrome. Oskarsdottir's criteria are widely used in clinical recognition for 22qDS. However, in a study done previously at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, this same criteria was found to only have a positive predictive value of 14% for 22qDS. This is likely due to the fact that Oskarsdottir's study was based on a largely Caucasian study population. Our population in Southern Africa is largely non-Caucasian. Previous studies have confirmed that non-Caucasian population groups with 22qDS have different presenting phenotypic features. For this reason, in this study we sought to describe the typical phenotypic features with which children with 22qDS present in our local population in South Africa. A retrospective folder review was done of the phenotypic features of all patients who had had a FISH test done on the suspicion on 22qDS. A total of 144 patient folders were reviewed (72 patients who were FISH positive for 22qDS and 72 patients who were FISH negative and functioned as the control arm of this study). A review on the phenotypic features of children with 22qDS revealed the most common presentation to be congenital heart disease (44%), failure to thrive (33%), dysmorphic features (32%) and cardiac failure (25%). A positive family history was only noted in 13 patients. Of those patients with a positive family history of 22qDS, only 5% were proven FISH positive for 22qDS themselves (less than the 10% described in the literature). Younger children presented more frequently with CHD, while older children presented with developmental delay and dysmorphic features. In general, developmental delay, palatal abnormalities and feeding difficulties were less common in our study population than described in the literature. Our particular patient population presented with the following CHD: isolated VSD (46%), tetralogy of Fallot (20.8%), truncus arteriosus (14.5%), PS/pulmonary artery stenosis (20.8%) and interrupted aortic arch (6%). Interrupted aortic arch was found to be the most sensitive marker for 22qDS in children with cardiac lesions. The cardiac lesions with the highest positive predictive value for 22qDS was non-isolated VSD (54%). Dysmorphic features with the highest sensitivity for 22qDS included bulbous nose (75%), abnormal digits (64%) and posteriorly rotated ears (68%). Primary immune deficiency, thymus abnormalities, cleft palate and behavioural issues were described less in this study than previously described in the literature. In conclusion, it is clear that non-Caucasian populations have some unique phenotypic expressions of 22qDS. It is imperative that clinicians maintain a high index of suspicion for patients with 22qDS.


A toxin fraction was obtained from Lantana camara L (red variety) leaves by batch extraction and column chromatography on silica gel (60-120 mesh). The main constituents of the toxin preparation were lantadene A and lantadene B and it was devoid of reduced lantadene A. Oral administration (125 mg/kg bwt) of the toxin to male and female guinea pigs caused icterus and photosensitization within 48 hr. All the affected animals had hepatomegaly and significant increases in conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in blood plasma. The intoxicated animals of either sex had marked increases in acid phosphatase activity which was inhibited 45.77% and 49.35% by 1 mM tartrate in male and female animals respectively. The corresponding inhibition of acid phosphatase activity in control male and female guinea pigs was 15.91% and 20.33% respectively.


Application of system form is very effective to continuous horizontal or vertical walls of the apartment housing. Though the system forms that are used in the construction field have the advantage of concrete quality improvement and increasing number of usages, there are some problems in reaching early planning scheduling goal due to schedule delay and low productivity. This study is initiated to solve the problem and suggest some improvements searching for reasons that diminish the productivity. A case study was done in apartment construction field where system form was used and the productivity is analyzed by work sampling. Finally, productivity improvements for assembly of the form, internal form and external form are suggested, respectively.


The development of small molecule inhibitors of programmed cell death‐1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) has drawn research interest for the treatment of cancer. Recently, we reported the discovery of a novel dimeric core small molecule PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor. In an effort to discover more potent inhibitors, we further explored the dimeric core scaffold. Our investigations of the structure‐activity‐relationship revealed that introduction of lipophilic substituents onto one of the di‐alkoxylated phenyl rings improved binding affinities to PD‐L1, and inhibitory activities of PD‐1/PD‐L1 in cellular assays. Furthermore, conversion of the ether linker part to an olefin linker not only improved binding affinity but also led to slow dissociation binding kinetics. We also explored more potent, as well as downsized, scaffolds. Compounds bearing a linear chain in place of one of the di‐alkoxylated phenyl rings exhibited good binding affinity with improved ligand efficiency (LE). Representative compounds demonstrated potent inhibitory activities of PD‐1/PD‐L1 in the submicromolar range in cellular assays as well as cellular function in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay with efficacy comparable to anti‐PD‐1 antibody. Our results provide applicable information for the design of more potent inhibitors targeting PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway.


Tip geometry can have a large impact on image quality, resolution, and, depending on the sensing mode, image interpretation of scanned probe microscopy data [1]. Until recently, SPM investigations have lacked detailed characterization of tip geometries. For instance, an in-depth analysis of the tip geometry could lead to standards-based tip imaging via envelope functions [2]. Similar to SPM, atom probe tomography and field ion microscopy could also benefit from a better understanding of tip geometries for improved reconstruction accuracy, evaporation potential determination, and trajectory aberration correction. Successful atomically precise manufacturing (APM) using STM tips depends heavily on the ability to develop and characterize tips with near atomic surface precision [3].


China faces a water scarcity problem that is severe by international standards. Many factors, including rapid urbanization and environmental degradation etc, have been challenging the water service delivery in China. Since water scarcity and quality have impact on the poor, reforms to the water service provision can produce substantial improvements in the living standard of the economically disadvantaged groups. The objective of this study is to critically evaluate the strengths and weakness of Chinai¯s current water financing and delivering system, with a focus on safeguarding the interests of the poor, and to offer insight into possible solutions.


The influence of nutrient conditions on the degradation of toluene vapor in a rotatory-switching biofilter (RSB) was investigated. The biofilter consists of four segments connected in series, each with a packing layer made of polyvinyl formal. The influent airstreams including toluene vapors were passed through segments 1–3 as up-flow with a toluene concentration of 0.9–1.2 g m−3 and with an empty-bed retention time of 26–52 sec. Nutrient solutions were fed to all packed segments once a day by means of immersion. The nutrient solution was used repeatedly and replenished by the addition of (NH4)2SO4. The result at 155 days showed nitrogen depletion was particularly obvious and the lack of nitrogen affected toluene removal. By adding 161 g of nitrogen solution per volumetric cubic meter of reactor, toluene removal efficiency was immediately increased to greater than 99%. With long-term biofilter operation, 21%–32% of ammonium was utilized for nitrification because of the growth of nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrosomonas sp. Based on the carbon-nitrogen balance, the daily nitrogen demand for toluene removal was estimated 2.1 g day−1 at a toluene load of 70 g m-3 hr−1. Implications: Biofilters are considered as an alternative technology to control waste volatile organic compound (VOC) gases from various industries. In recent years, a major challenge has been to update the designs of biofilter systems and achieve their operational optimization (e.g., biomass control, nutrient supply). This paper describes the application of a newly designed biofilter, the rotatory-switching biofilter (RSB), which involves repeated use of nutrient solution. The results demonstrate how performance of biofiltration processes can be improved by the supply of nitrogen, and provide key knowledge for improving the performance of biofiltration processes by optimizing nutrient supply.


High-strength/high-modulus polyethylene (PE) fibers have been obtained from linear polymers by melt-spinning the polyethylene followed by hot-drawing the spun filaments. Fibers with different tensile properties were made by changing the extrusion, solidification, and drawing conditions and by use of different types of polyethylene. Potential correlations of fiber strength with morphological parameters such as crystallite dimensions, and crystalline and amorphous orientation were examined. The integrated meridional small-angle x-ray scattering intensity is the only morphological parameter which was found to correlate well with the strength of fibers prepared under different conditions and from different polymer types. Implications with respect to the molecular mechanism of PE fiber drawing are also discussed.


This article explores the role of the 'diaspora fleet' in Harare's urban commuter system. Imported vehicles in the form of haulage trucks and commuter buses were one of the popular and visible forms of diasporic investment over Zimbabwe's difficult decade spanning from 2000 to about 2010. The article argues that this diaspora fleet occupies a significant place in the history of commuting in Harare. Diasporic investment introduced a cocktail of European vehicles that quickly became ramshackle and ended up discarded in scrap heaps around the city. These imports and the businesses based on them destroyed the self-regulatory framework existing in the commuting business. This disruption was facilitated by the retreat or undermining of the state and city council regulatory instruments, which in turn created a role for middlemen, who manoeuvred to perpetuate a new and chaotic system known as 'mshika-shika [faster-faster]', based on a culture of irresponsible competitive gambling. This chaotic system remains in place today to the chagrin of city council planners and traffic police. Its origins, we argue, lie in the cultures and practices introduced by the diasporan vehicle fleet.


This study was aimed at determining the possibility of applying rapeseed cake (RC) and wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for HYPLUS meat-type rabbits (n = 64, aged 35–84 days). Control diet (SC) contained 5% of extracted soybean meal. In RC diet, the soybean meal was replaced by RC, in DG diet – by wheat DDGS, whereas in RC–DG diet – by a mixture of RC and wheat DDGS (2.5% each). The study included production analyses, digestibility-balance experiment and physiological assessment of gut response to experimental factors hence data was collected on daily bodyweight gains, feed intake and slaughter performance, nutrients digestibility, nitrogen retention and gut response. The latter included assessment of parameters describing the small intestinal, cecal, and colonic environment of rabbits (e.g. digesta viscosity, ammonia concentration, bacterial enzymes activity, short-chain fatty acid concentration). The highest productivity results were reported for SC group and the lowest ones for DG group. The RC and RC–DG groups were characterised by intermediate productivity. Dressing percentage and contents of carcass elements did not differ among the groups (except for the hind part). Nutrients digestibility and nitrogen retention were the highest in the SC group and the lowest in DG group. The dietary incorporation of DDGS resulted in undesired responses of the gastrointestinal tract including excessively watery digesta in the small intestine, increased concentration of cecal and colonic ammonia, enhanced activity of potentially harmful bacterial β-glucuronidase in cecal digesta, and increased cecal concentration of putrefactive short-chain fatty acids. These negative effects were not due to RC and RC–DG dietary treatments, apart from decreased dry matter concentration in the small intestine in the RC–DG group. In general, the results of our study demonstrated that 5% rape cake can be successfully incorporated into rabbit dietary regimen as a substitute of dietary soybean meal. Considering that the productivity of rabbits fed 2.5% of DDGS (with 2.5% rape cake) and these receiving 5% rape cake was comparable, optional seems also dietary inclusion of up to 2.5% wheat DDGS The higher content of DDGS (5%) in the diet deteriorated most of the growth parameters of rabbits.


This study investigated the effectiveness of an approach to teaching an advanced research class by comparing students' test scores on a test of research fundamentals before and after the course. The classes that were the focus of the study were offered in 2001 and 2002 by the same instructor. Both sections incorporated article critiques (based on an instrument from Wilson and Onwuegbuzie), a critique-based examination, and an oral presentation of a grant application completed by each student. The purpose of the critiques and grant application were to provide the students with opportunities to apply in some depth the research knowledge they had acquired from their basic research courses. There were 26 participants for whom there was complete information, 14 females and 12 males. Multiple-choice pretests and posttests on fundamental research topics were given. A 30-item posttest yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.76. A paired t-test was run comparing the pretest and posttest scores. The assumption of normality was verified by the Omnibus Normality of Residuals Test, but random selection was not possible since students were not randomly assigned to classes. No control group was possible since all students were taught by the same instructor.The t-test indicated that the null hypothesis of no statistically significant difference between the mean pretest and posttest scores could be rejected at the 0.05 level. The effect size, d=0.61, was medium (Cohen). It is concluded that offering the course using the approach described could be reasonably effective in improving the performance of the students to the extent measured by the multiple-choice tests. An attachment describes the course. (Contains 2 figures and 22 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


Today, the growth of the higher street vendors, especially in the functional area of Semarang. PKL is still seen as a traffic barrier and cause degradation of the city. Government policies towards PKL found seems the same from one city to another. It is far from pragmatic reaction to the problem of street vendors. Actually, the essence of the problem is because there is no precise and detailed reference to the location of street vendors. Only action penentukan location street vendors are really considering the characteristics of street vendors in each functional area, especially in the trade area located at Jalan


due to their unique properties for applications in photovoltaics, semiconductors, battery technology and many other areas. 2D materials have been characterized by multiple nanoscale and microscopy techniques to gain a better understanding of the nature of their properties. Nanoscale FTIR techniques extend this characterization with critical chemical and optical data at the nanoscale. The Anasys nanoIR3-s system provides two complementary nanoscale FTIR techniques for spectroscopy and near-field imaging, scattering-scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and photothermal AFM-Infrared (AFM-IR), including resonance-enhanced AFM-IR and Tapping AFM-IR. AFM-IR absorption spectra are direct measurements of sample absorption, independent of other complex optical properties of the tip and sample. As such, the spectra


In this article we analyze the concepts ἦθος y πρόσωπον as found in Aristotle and Dionysus of Halicarnassus in order to propose that, according to the orator's character, the action establishes a psycological progression. An example of such hypothesis can be found in Lysias III.


The paper presents analysis results of sound pressure level of infrasound noise generated by brand new wind turbine from REPOWER type MM92, rated power 2 MW. As results the amplitude spectra of noise for three chosen wind speed values are presented. Additionally, distributions of the sound pressure level with dependence on wind speed for selected resonant and median frequency values are presented. For chosen frequencies linear regression analysis was performed and subjected for a detailed evaluation. Values obtained from measurement were referred to and compared with the limits specified in legislations existing in this area.


Increasing globalization in the economic and other social areas has led to more and more expatriate assignment. Because much of this expatriate assignment has some problems, expatriates' career has been respected very much. Many scholars consider that it has significant relation with expatriates' psycological contract. By reviewing expatriate career management related literature (Career Theory and Psycological Contract related researches) and analyzing through three dimensions (individual, organizational and global envionment), this research offers a theoretical framework with 4 propositions for future research on expatriate career path at repatriation.


Keywords: Fast-growing eucalyptus, N stable isotope, Tracer technology, Reservoir water quality Abstract. Lots of fast-growing eucalyptuses are planted in Guangxi because of their economic value. Based on the fertility characteristics of fast-growing eucalyptus and Guangxi soil nutrient status planting eucalyptus must pay attention to the application of fertilizer. Therefore, lots of nitrogen and phosphorus substances in fertilizer which go into the soil would be discharged into the surrounding reservoir through surface runoff, infiltration, water and soil loss, which would cause the reservoir eutrophication. Three typical reservoirs which there are a large numbers of planting eucalyptuses around are chosen as the research object. The thesis analyzes three typical reservoirs N pollution sources and the influence of eucalyptuses planting on reservoir water quality based on N stable isotope tracer technology on the basis of sample collection and the analysis of t he conventional water chemical characteristics.


Objective:To investigate a new method with pingyungmycin injection for treating head and neck hemangioma.Methods:Pingyungmycin injected for 18 patients.Results:The tumor and vascular beat in this series of 18 patients were dispaaeared by follow up of one year.Conclusion:Treatment with pingyungmycin injection is a safe and effective method for head and neck hemangioma.


Base on the contrast of the domestic experts` experience and fault on the analysis about the precision agriculture`s economic benefit,points out the theoretical angle of the precision agricultural economic benefit analysis.The data of this article obtains from the technology system of Heilongjiang Province soybean precision production demonstration plot.Pretend that the allocation of farm machinery not only does not miss the farmer season but also is economical reasonable.Then got the cost of the field mechanical work.Base on the analyse of the soybean precision production economic benefit with the partial budget method.analyse economic benefit`s sensitivity with the change of producer goods cost.The conclusion is,along with the producer goods cost rising unceasingly,compare with the tradition production method,the soybean precision production`s economic benefit will be more obvious.


Fault diagnosis is an important means to ensure the safe and reliable operation of mechanical equipment. In machinery fault diagnosis, collecting and mining the potential fault information of the vibration signal is the most commonly used method to reflect the operating status of the equipment. In engineering scenarios, in the face of rotating machinery with variable speed, simple time domain analysis or frequency domain analysis is difficult to solve the problem. The time-frequency analysis technology that combines time-frequency transformation and data analysis can solve practical engineering problems by capturing the transient information of the signal. At present, a large number of related literatures have been published in academic journals. This paper hopes to provide convenience for relevant researchers and motivate researchers to further explore by summarizing the published literature. First, this paper briefly explains the concept of time-frequency analysis and its development. Then, the time-frequency transformation method proposed for the characteristics of rotating machinery fault vibration signal and related works of literature are reviewed, and the key issues of the application of time-frequency transformation method in rotating machinery fault diagnosis are discussed. Next, this paper summarizes the relevant literature on the combination of data analysis technology and time-frequency transformation and sorts out its development route and prospects. The study reveals that time-frequency analysis technology is able to detect the rotating machinery fault effectively. The time-frequency analysis technology has made abundant achievements in the field of rotating machinery fault diagnosis. It is expected that this review would inspire researchers to explore the potential of time-frequency analysis as well as to develop advanced research in this field.