Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of cefepime manufactured in China versus imported in the treatment of moderate to severe bacterial infections. Methods: Of 278 patients with lower respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection enrolled in a randomized, multi-center, single-blind, parallel-controlled clinical trial, 258 were randomized to administer either domestic (n=130) or imported (n=128) cefepime for 7~14 days. For urinary tract infection and respiratory tract infection, patients were intravenously infused with cefepime of 1 g and 2 g, respectively, twice daily. Results: The overall efficacy rate, bacterial eradication rate and incidence rate of adverse events had not shown significant differences for domestic and imported cefepime, i. e. , 94.62 % vs 89.06 %, 95.45 % vs 97.06 % and 6.52 % vs 5.71%, respectively. Conclusion: Domestic cefepime offers an alternative in the treatment of moderate and severe bacterial infections.


The seed oil from \%Althaea rosea \%(L.) Caven was extracted with Hexane. After saponification and formation, the oil was determined by Capillary GC\|MS. 16 compounds have been determined and its unsaturation is 72.59%. Among them the content of linoleic acid is 69.24%.


This paper discusses the use of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to implement a functional expansion of the energy variable in neutron transport. The motivation of the work is to investigate the possibility of adapting the expansion level of the neutron flux in a material region to the complexity of the cross section in that region. If such an adaptive treatment is possible, 'simple' material regions (e.g., moderator regions) require little effort, while a detailed treatment is used for 'complex' regions (e.g., fuel regions). Our investigations show that in fact adaptivity cannot be achieved. The most fundamental reason is that in a multi-region system, the energy dependence of the cross section in a material region does not imply that the neutron flux in that region has a similar energy dependence. If it is chosen to sacrifice adaptivity, then the DWT method can be very accurate, but the complexity of such a method is higher than that of an equivalent hyper-fine group calculation. The conclusion is thus that, unfortunately, the DWT approach is not very practical. (authors)


Aviation's demand for more instrument flight procedures, coupled with rising flight inspection production costs of fuel and aircraft, shrinking budgets and reduced personnel levels, demand Aviation System Standards' (AVN) adherence to best business practices.


was made more tolerable by avertin. The last two cases in the series illustrate the use of the drug in multiparae. It must be given when the os is three-quarters dilated. Several multiparae, intended for inclusion in the series, were on examination found to be too far advanced to admit of administration of the drug, since the head was on the perineum. CONCLUSIONS 1. Avertin is of value in normal labours provided that it is given at full dilatation of the os in primiparae, and at three-quarter dilatation in multiparae. 2. It is of special value where a previous chloroform anaesthesia has been necessary in the same confinement. 3. It is contraindicated in disproportions and abnormal presentations, because of the diminution in frequency of the pains. 4. It is not dangerous, and can be administered by a competent trained midwife, provided that suitable precautions are taken to ensure the solution being tested before injection. 5. It is uncertain in its action. Given in doses according to weight it affects some patients more than others. Labour is sometimes delayed owing to diminution in the strength and frequency of the uterine contractions. 6. It is extremely pleasant for the patient. It allays mental anxiety, mitigates pain, rests the patient while the labour progresses, and sometimes gives a painless delivery. Many patients sleep for several hours after delivery, and there are no unpleasant after-effects. 7. It is harmless to the infant. 8. Avertin is worthy of trial in general and hospital practice, but cannot be regarded as sufficiently efficacious to enable the use of chloroform to be avoided during the delivery of the head in all cases. 9. More experience of its use is required to decide the mierits of avertin compared with such drugs as paraldehyde. The results of this investigation are very similar to those described by Connell' in his paper.


Die-attach solder layer and bond wires are the two weakest parts in power modules. In order to distinguish the solder layer and bond wire degradation during accelerated tests, a simultaneous on-line measurement method is proposed in this paper. By means of auxiliary source terminal, both the solder layer resistance increase and bond wire resistance increase can be measured and monitored separately. To measure accurately the solder layer degradation, the intrinsic diode is used as heating source in place of the MOSFET switch. In this way, the measurement method becomes intrinsically insensitive to possible threshold voltage shifts, typical of accelerated tests of SiC power MOSFETs. Finally, the experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed test method. It is revealed that the solder layer resistance increases linearly with the number of cycles in good approximation.


The invention relates to a circuit board (1) having a component side (10) and a rear side (4) opposite to the component side (10). The surface of the back (4) in such a substantially flat, that the back (4) can be contacted to the heat dissipation of the circuit board (1), in particular on a substantially planar contact surface thermally conductively connected to a heat sink (8). Further, the circuit board (1) microvias (14, 16, 20, 22) and Burried vias (28) having Entwarmungsmittel (12) for heat dissipation of the component side (10) to the back (4). At the component side (10) and / or the back (4) and / or in at least one between the component side (10) and the back (4) arranged conductor inner layer (26) of the printed circuit board (1) are printed carbon polymer resistors (34, 40) are provided. Thereby, the circuit board (1) at ambient temperatures of more than 125 ° C are used, and at the same time be produced at low cost. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control device (50) to the circuit board (1), a device and a motor vehicle so that, as well as method of producing the circuit board (1), the control unit (50) and the device.


In this study, the structural performance of rafters under long-term weathering damage were evaluated by experiments. Contrary to the previous study, where the residual structural performance were evaluated by experiments on small size specimens, in this study, the more field oriented results were extracted by performing experiments on actual size rafters. The actual size rafters were classified as five categories under visual inspection according to their weathering damage, and flexural bending tests were performed on them. The flexural stiffness of rafters were extracted by measuring loading and deflection values during loading tests, and calculating the minimum second moment of inertia of cross sectional area and evaluating elastic modulus. The structural performance of actual size rafters showed similar results to those of the small size specimens by and large, but the variation among rafters of different grade were somewhat smaller than the previous specimen results. This can be deduced that the actual size rafters are not much influenced by the local weathering damages. The residual flexural stiffness of actual size rafters of grade A and B were over 80% and thought can be reused, but that of the grade C, D and E were under 65% and thought cannot be reused.


This study offers a quantitative valuation of the possible effects on trade creation, trade diversion, exports, imports, revenue, and welfare effects of the European Partnership (EPA) on Kenya. The study applied the Software for Market Analysis and Restrictions on Trade (SMART) partial equilibrium model for its analysis. The findings of this study shows that the EPA's will be favourable for Kenya as a country owing to benefits in terms of trade expansion prized at US$ 129.45 million and benefits in consumer welfare effects to the tune of US$ 17.56 8 million. Nevertheless, the country Kenya will incur losses in revenue amounting to US$142.36 million. The export grew by similar quantities of US$ 218.73 million whereas import grew by 129.45 million. The operationalisation of the EPA's should go along with steps to develop revenue collection from other sources like income tax and Value Added Tax


Department of Genetics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80202, USA, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China and St. Louis Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO 63131, USA


Diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia is present in approximately one third of hospitalized patients (14) and is associated with increased risk for complications, costs of care, and mortality (1, 36). Despite compelling evidence showing the importance of maintaining normoglycemia in hospitalized adults, blood glucose levels in inpatients are often far from recommended targets (2) for various reasons, including low priority given to glycemic control, suboptimal insulin regimens chosen for simplicity rather than effectiveness, and difficulty with titrating insulin in acutely ill patients. Moreover, treatment of hyperglycemia may lead to hypoglycemia, which is associated with mortality, increased likelihood of readmission, and longer length of stay (79). The involvement of diabetes specialists and inpatient diabetes teams can reduce length of stay and improve glycemic control and clinical outcomes (10, 11), but these interventions are time- and resource-intensive. Different models exist for such teams to target all or prespecified groups of hyperglycemic patients (1018) but may be impractical given that 30% to 40% of inpatients may have hyperglycemia. Although infrastructure and educational efforts have led to decreased errors in insulin administration (19) and improved glucose control (20), internal audits continued to show inappropriate initial insulin orders and therapeutic inertia for prescribers at our institution (Appendix Table 1). With the introduction of a new electronic medical record (EMR) in 2012, we sought to leverage its power to improve inpatient diabetes management. We automated detection of inpatients with uncontrolled blood glucose with a daily report generated by the EMR. This report was reviewed by a diabetes specialist who then remotely reviewed an insulin/glucose chart in the EMR. The chart contained enough information about the patient's insulin regimen to make appropriate recommendations without extensively reviewing the chart or interviewing the patient. Rather than relying on manually contacting clinical teams individually, we conveyed these recommendations in a new diabetes management note. The automated reports, clinician review, and clinical notes created a virtual glucose management service (vGMS), which we hypothesized would improve glycemic control among hospitalized patients. Appendix Table 1. Historical Infrastructure, Educational Milestone Events, and Mean Glucose Levels Methods Design Overview In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between implementation of the vGMS and glycemic control in adult inpatients over a 3-year period (1 June 2012 to 31 May 2015). The study period was divided into three 12-month intervals: pre-vGMS, transition, and vGMS. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), with waiver of informed consent. Setting and Participants Participants were adult inpatients in all medical and surgical wards and intensive care units at the 3 UCSF acute care hospitals located in different areas of San Francisco. Because these 3 hospitals share the same services, medical and nursing staff, administration, EMR, order sets, and formulary, they were analyzed as a single hospital with 3 locations. Obstetric patients were excluded. Intervention In June 2012, an EMR developed by Epic Systems was implemented at UCSF (a quaternary referral center). At that time, our complex paper-based glycemic management order sets were converted to electronic order sets (21). Glucose levels were measured with a point-of-care (POC) device (ACCU-CHEK Inform [Roche Diagnostics]), with results uploaded to the EMR in real time. Insulin orders were accepted by the pharmacy only when an insulin order set was used, and POC glucose tests were automatically ordered for patients on one of the insulin order sets (eating, nothing by mouth, or intravenous insulin), with tests performed 5 times per day for patients who were eating; 6 times per day for those who were receiving nothing by mouth, total parenteral nutrition, or enteral feedings; and hourly for those receiving intravenous insulin infusions. In October 2012, we developed a report identifying all adult inpatients who had 2 or more glucose values of 12.5 mmol/L or greater (225 mg/dL), had a glucose level less than 3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL), or used an insulin pump, all in the previous 24 hours (Appendix Figure 1). These trigger points were determined by our inpatient diabetes management committee to potentially decrease morbidity from hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. This committee is a systemwide multidisciplinary group that oversees all aspects of inpatient management of hyperglycemia. The daily report was generated through an automated query of the EMR database at 5:00 a.m. and was e-mailed to the vGMS team at 5:30 a.m., 7 days per week. Appendix Figure 1. Daily glucose report. To convert glucose values to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555. After receiving the daily report, a vGMS team member would log into the EMR; review the glucose chart of each patient; and, if required, enter a glucose management note (vGMS note). Specifically, we reviewed patients' insulin/glucose flow sheets (Appendix Figure 2) to assess previous metabolic status and treatment, current insulin orders, and recent notes (process details are in Appendix Table 2). On the basis of this review, the team member would enter a vGMS note with insulin recommendations into the patient's chart. If the previous day's hyperglycemia did not require insulin recommendations (for example, if appropriate insulin changes were already ordered), no note was entered. The list of all criteria that led to no note is provided in Appendix Table 3. Appendix Figure 2. Insulin/glucose flow sheet. To convert glucose values to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555. Appendix Table 2. Process Details for Reviewing Patient Chart Appendix Table 3. Reasons a vGMS Note Was Not Placed in the Chart We ascertained that the best strategy for communicating with and advising clinicians about possible changes in glucose management for their patients was to place a specific vGMS note in the EMR that would be available for early-morning rounds. The vGMS became functional in June 2013 and has operated 7 days a week without interruption since then. vGMS Note Members of the vGMS team logged into the EMR under a service called Glucose Management Service and used a vGMS template to write their note (Appendix Figure 3). The template included drop-down boxes with specific recommendations based on whether the patient was eating, receiving glucocorticoids, or receiving enteral feedings (cyclic or continuous). Suggested insulin doses were entered in the template (preformatted to match how insulin orders are written in the EMR). The end of the note included a disclaimer stating that the note was merely a recommendation and the treating team should take into account the patient's current clinical condition and obtain a formal endocrinology consultation if necessary. The signed note appeared in the EMR as a glucose management note, not an endocrinology consultation note. Appendix Figure 3. Glucose management note template. To convert glucose values to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555. Top. Initial information is placed automatically when a new glucose management note is opened. Middle. Example note for a patient who is eating but receiving only basal insulin and correction dosing. The suggested insulin dose can be made by using the F2 key to move from the starred item to the next. Bottom. Example of a completed note for a patient who is eating but had been receiving only basal insulin and correction dosing. The suggested insulin doses are now in place. vGMS Team At UCSF, we do not have an inpatient diabetes service. When requested by the primary care team, formal diabetes consultations are performed by the endocrinology fellow and the attending physician. The vGMS team consisted of the 3 providers who participated in the daily review of the glucose reports and wrote vGMS notes. The providers were a board-certified endocrinologist (an MD), a nurse educator (a DNP and Certified Diabetes Educator), and a pharmacist diabetes educator (a PharmD and Certified Diabetes Educator) with more than 25, 30, and 10 years of inpatient diabetes experience, respectively. During the initial 4 months of the study, the MD and the DNP each managed 50% of the patients on the daily report. After that, the MD reviewed and intervened on the hyperglycemic patients, and the PharmD reviewed and intervened on the hypoglycemic patients. The remaining clinician would review both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic patients when the other providers were on vacation. Outcomes and Covariates The primary outcomes were the proportion of patient-days classified as hyperglycemic, at-goal, and hypoglycemic. Patient-day mean glucose level was a secondary outcome. We queried the EMR database and extracted all POC glucose measurements for nonobstetric adult patients admitted to UCSF between 1 June 2012 and 31 May 2015. We eliminated spurious and repeated values by using a previously described protocol (20), as well as any glucose measurements taken after the 28th hospital day. Hospitalized patients with any POC glucose measurements were defined as glucose-monitored patients. Using the daily inpatient census of nonobstetric patients, we defined the aggregate daily hyperglycemia proportion as the number of patients with 2 or more glucose values of 12.5 mmol/L or greater (225 mg/dL) per 100 hospitalized patients on a given calendar day. We normalized by hospitalized patients rather than glucose-monitored patients to avoid bias due to secular changes in the proportion of hospitalized patients undergoing blood glucose measurement. We defined an at-goal patient-day as one in which all measured glucose values were between 3.9 and 10 mmol/L (70 and 180 mg/dL). For the hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia proportions, the numerator w


This article examines how antitrust law and policy can benefit from ideas developed in the academic strategy field. Because accurate assessment and prediction of the effects of firm conduct depend in part on understanding individual firm capabilities, knowledge from the strategy field and other business fields complements the contributions from industrial organization economics (IO). These business fields also offer theoretical and empirical challenges to the IO paradigm, which dominates antitrust analysis. The article begins with a comparison between strategy and IO and then illustrates how the strategy field can contribute to antitrust merger analysis. The article then assesses the influence of the strategy field on antitrust law and scholarship based on a citation analysis, which reveals little evidence of influence. It concludes with an examination of the likely impediments to the diffusion of strategy field ideas into antitrust.


Dialect is representation of language,the cultural messenger decided by distinct regional characteristics.Like other regional dialects,Enshi dialect reflects the wisdom of language creation of people of all ethnic groups in the region,greatly contributing to the defence of cultural diversity,which is mainly shown in the following three aspects: first,as the palette of language culture,it maintains the gorgeous colour of Chinese;second,as the ties of country narrative,it strengthens the expression of literary language;as the position of folk ritual,it keeps the purity of folk culture.


Since there exist some problems in scallop and prawn culturing, a new consideration on improvement of the secondary pioneering in those is set forth in this paper, which includes adjusting arrangement, optimizing culture structure, developing correct culturing model and carrying out the new idea of secondary culturing.


I recall a conversation I had very early in my public school career with the mother of one of the students in our program for students with learning disabilities (LD). Over the previous three or four years, this mother had been a very strong and effective advocate for her son, managing to get him enrolled in one of the first LD classes in the city and making certain that he received every possible allowable service. Neal, her son, had made good progress in the program, and at this point we were returning him to the general education class full time with support services from special education. As I discussed this administrative decision with Mrs. Davis, the mother, I expected her to be pleased about her son's progress and to express her appreciation of this school program. Instead, to my surprise, she responded by making two points. First of all, she was certain that Neal would not have made this progress if she had not spent countless hours in the evening tutoring him. In other words, we were not nearly rigorous enough in our teaching. And second, which was even more unnerving to me, she stated that we had failed to teach her son critical social skills. When pressed, she pointed out that Neal was a nice, quiet boy, but was too compliant. She had no confidence in his ability to resist inappropriate peer requests. If some of the neighborhood children told him to pilfer from the local store, for example, she was not sure that he would refuse. Although I did not overtly contest her statements, my inner reaction was that Mrs. Davis was unrealistic in her expectations of the public schools. Nevertheless, that conversation has continued to resonate with me, and three decades later I am increasingly convinced of the truth of her words. The Nature of Social Skill Deficits for Populations with Learning Disabilities Johnson and Myklebust (1967) provided some of the earliest professional work that I encountered on social skills and learning disabilities. They presented the socially imperceptive child, defined as having difficulty with "the perception of the total social field, perception of oneself in relation to the behavior of others as well as to events and circumstances that involve others" (p. 295). These authors viewed social imperception as a specific learning disability, and saw socially imperceptive learners has having difficulty interpreting the behaviors of others, particularly in nonverbal communication such as reading the facial expressions of others. The research literature repeatedly has documented the difficulty children with learning and other mild disabilities have in comprehending nonverbal cues and with problem solving (e.g., Cartledge, Stupay, & Kaczala, 1996; Forness & Kavale, 1996; Nixon, 2001). Students with LD are also noted to have problems with attending to task, with social communication, and with peer acceptance (Nixon, 2001). In their pioneering work, LD professionals such as Johnson and Myklebust (1967) assumed these social skill deficits represented a neurological learning disorder specific to learners with LD. Others have questioned this premise, however, noting that (a) some children with LD evidence no social skill deficits; (b) children with LD perform similarly to other at-risk groups, such as juvenile delinquents or children with academic deficits on social skill assessments; and (c) social skill deficits are not specific to children with LD (e.g., Gresham, 1993; Schumaker & Deshler, 1995). Furthermore, the source of the social skill deficit is considered to be immaterial; children need to receive appropriate interventions according to the nature of their social skill deficit, not based on speculation on some underlying cause. This more behavioral, skills training (SST) approach has dominated the field of social skills training and is the model that I have used in my own work. Social Skill Interventions Since the early writings on this topic in the 1960s and 1970s, formal social skill assessments (e. …


Flaring of natural gas contributes to climate change and wastes a potentially valuable energy resource. Various groups have estimated flaring volumes via remote sensing by nighttime detection of flares using multi-spectral imaging. However, only limited efforts have been made to independently assess the accuracy of these estimation methods. I analyze the accuracy of the VIIRS Nightfire published flare detection results, comparing yearly estimated flaring rates to reported flaring data from governments in 9 countries (Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, USA, UK) and 7 years (2012–2018 inclusive). We analyze only flares occurring at offshore oil and gas production platforms and floating production units. A total of 1054 flare volume estimates were compared to volumes reported to government agencies. 80.8% of flare estimates lie within 0.5 orders of magnitude (OM) of reported volumes, which 93.7% fall within 1 OM of the reported volume. Little systematic bias is found except in the smallest size classes (<106 m3 y−1). Relative error ratios are larger for smaller flares. No significant trend was observed across years, and variation by country is in line with that expected by size distribution of flares by country. Wide aggregate estimates for groups of flares will exhibit little bias and dispersion, with the sum of 1000 flares having an expected interquartile range of −6% to +3% of actual reported volumes. Social media blurb: Test of remote sensing for flare detection shows accuracy across 9 countries and 8 years.


The spectral decomposition estimate (SDE) proposed by Wang and Yin is a new method of simultaneously estimating fixed effects and variance components in linear mixed models.In this paper, we furthe study the properties of SDE under linear mixed models with two variance components.We get the necessary and sufficient condition for the equality of the analysis of variance estimate and the SDE of variance components,and show that the SDE of variance components is a uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimte under some conditions.


In this paper, firstly, optimization design mathematical model of floating crane balance system is constructed concretely under the multi-objective circumstance. Secondly, genetic algorithm is adopted as the optimization method, and then specific genetic operation flow is designed, genetic algorithm coding method, fitness function, operation parameters are determined, and the three basic genetic operation of genetic operator: choose, intersection and mutation, are to do a detailed programming instructions. Thirdly, the optimization results are obtained based on these in VC++6.0 environments, the optimal result are compared to the non-optimized value and the value reduces 16.74%. Finally, according to the resistive overturning stability requirement of floating crane, the optimization results are to be stability checked, so the rationality of optimization results are to be proved.


The aim of this work was to evaluate irrigation effects on the productivity and income of coffee cultivars (Catuai IAC 44, Acaia Cerrado MG 1474, Rubi MG 1192, Topazio MG 1190, Oeiras MG 6851, and Katipo), in order to identify the potentiality for the irrigated coffee production in the Cerrado area, in the southwest region of the Goias State. The coffee cultivars, planted with 3.50 m between rows, and 0.50 m between plants in the row, were evaluated without irrigation and irrigated with sprinkling and drip systems. The trial was conducted, from 2002 to 2006, at the Universidade Federal de Goias, Jatai Campus, in the Goias State, concentrating irrigation from May to September. The irrigation water management was controlled through soil water balance. The irrigation process doubled the productivity and decreased the processing yield rate, while no significant difference was found among the irrigation methods. The Katipo cultivar showed a significantly higher productivity rate, with a good potential to be cultivated on the region and no influence of the water supply system, i.e., without irrigation, sprinkle irrigation, or drip irrigation. The cultivar Acaia Cerrado MG 1474 featured the lowest productivity rate. KEY-WORDS: Coffea arabica; irrigated coffee; drip irrigation;  sprinkle irrigation.


Thermal buckling analyses of S-FGM are investigated by using first order shear deformation theory. Material properties are varied continuously in the thickness direction according to a sigmoid distribution. The thermal buckling behaviours under uniform, linear and sinusoidal temperature rise across the thickness are analyzed. In addition, the effects of temperature field, volume fraction distributions, and system geometric parameters are investigated. The results are compared with the results of the classic plate theory (CPT).


AbstractPurpose: A part of this research is to explore if there are partnership firms that voluntarily get an audit of their business. The purpose is to understand and explain why these partnership firms have chosen to get an audit of their business voluntarily. Additionally, the authors research how external stakeholders, such as creditors, view and assess partnership firms that do not execute an audit of their accounts and reports.Method: To initiate this research, the authors conducted a telephone survey as a pre-study, to assure the viability of this research. As a major part of this research study, qualitative interviews with partnership firms, banks and the Swedish Tax Agency have been conducted to obtain professional opinion in the subject of interest. Previous researches are presented to provide a broader perspective of the debate.Frame ofReference: The authors present an extensive background to auditing and accounting. Stakeholder model and agency theory have been applied to facilitate in understanding the relationship between a partnership firm and its stakeholders. Advantages and disadvantages of auditing, as well as the concept of voluntary auditing are presented to facilitate a discussion of the motives of voluntarily executing an audit firms.Conclusion: After extensive research the authors have identified and determined the most probable motives of voluntary audits as well as understood how these external stakeholders view and assess these partnership firms that do not execute an audit of their accounts and reports. The authors can after a broad research conclude that partners' central motives to voluntary auditing is to seek the value that is added through it, as the firm obtains professional assistance to raise the credibility of the firm's financial reports. Auditing frees them from additional burden and time to manage the work related to accounting records and enables them to devote more time to the core business.Through an audit, partners' quest for orderliness is fulfilled. Moreover, indications have been seen that partners are open to voluntarily execute an audit to achieve a sense of security in relation to the other partners. Another essential motive to why partners voluntarily execute audits is to be assured that there are no significant inaccuracies or errors in their book-keeping. Overall, partners' intentions of getting an audit of their accounts and reports are to gain an overview of the business as well to obtain enhanced business image externally.Creditors are concerned about a firm's ability to reimburse the obligation. In a newly started firm, banks require annual reports, forecasts and budgets ensure the firm's solvency. The Swedish Tax Agency receives audit reports from auditors that guide them with hints and directions on what to assess further. Moreover, the Swedish Tax Agency performs tax audits on firms, whereby they conduct an assessment to ensure that the accounts and other documents are in accordance with what is declared to them.


The amplification of wideband noise, caused by the stochastic modulation of the electron current and velocity at the entrance to the interaction space of an O-type traveling-wave-tube, is investigated. An equalization of the small-signal gain difference within a wide frequency band is shown to be possible in the presence of efficient amplification of the useful signal and a low level of nonlinear distortions of the output signal amplitude. Differences in the amplification of the electron beam noise and the amplification of a regular small signal in the presence of a nonsynchronous interaction are investigated


Among cross-cultural autobiographies which provide a repertoire of evaluative resources of culture values and identities, Ien Ang抯 揙n Not Speaking Chinese?stands out as combining fragments of autobiography and discourse of cultural criticism. In this paper the author approaches the evaluations in the framework of the appraisal theory of functional linguistics, hoping to find the clues to its ambivalent attitude to Chinese diasporic identity. Here are some of the tentative findings: 1) Evaluation serves as an organizing principle of the autobiographical discourse, i.e. appraisal resources instead of personal experiences are doing the main job of arguing; 2) Throughout the work contradictory and multi-layered appraisals reveal the nature of the argument about descent and consent of Chineseness; 3) Affect dressed as appreciation and in the form of nominalizations serves to generalize the emotions; and the multi-voice in appreciation and judgment reveals the author抯 ambivalence behind the evaluation.


Approximately 2% of nephrotic children and 20% of nephrotic adults have EN. Recent reports have shown a high incidence of etiologically associated conditions for EN. At a renal referral center, 5 children had EN in a series of 422 renal biopsies over a period of 7 yrs. There were 3 boys and 2 girls ages 2-15 yrs at onset. The mean follow up is 6 yrs with a range of I to II yrs. The initial finding in each was massive proteinuria with nephrotic syndrome (NS) except for I child who had isolated hematuria at age 2 yrs associated with a family history of renal failure. This boy developed NS 3 yrs later, at which time renal biopsy showed EN, tubular fluorescence with IgG and C′3 and circulating antitubular antibodies. The two females demonstrated evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus at the time of onset of renal disease. One boy had asymptomatic hepatitis with positive Hb-s antigen and antibody (rising titer). The other boy had negative hepatitis antigen and negative anti-DNA antibody. He progressed to renal insufficiency within 2 yrs and has had a successful kidney transplant with normal GFR for 4 years. Three others had normal GFR and one had progressive renal insufficiency at the time of follow up. Our findings confirm the high incidence of primary systemic disease (3/5 in our series) in children with EN and the very low incidence of this form of renal disease in children.


This paper introduces to a civilian audience Kerr v. Baranow, the Supreme Court of Canada's leading judgment on unjust enrichment in the context of unmarried cohabitation, decided under the common law. It highlights the judgment's boldness in the common law. Then, having noted ways in which Quebec judges have drawn from the Court's earlier equitable jurisprudence, it explores ways in which they might integrate insights from Kerr into Quebec civil law.


The increased temperature capability inside the motor is a major challenge in building high power density motors for many applications in the transportation systems and aerospace industries. Inorganic insulation technology is used to break through the temperature limitation of the motor under the organic electrical insulation system (EIS) in this paper. Firstly, the high-temperature resistant ceramic insulated aluminum wire and its advantages in motors are introduced. Then, the ceramic insulated aluminum wire is applied in an electrically excited flux switching motor, and the thermal performance and design method is developed. At last, a prototype is made and experimental is put forward.


In the end-wall transition from planar lines to waveguide, the via holes are generally arranged around the waveguide port to prevent power leakage, which increases production cost and manufacturing errors in terahertz band. In this letter, a novel wideband transition from microstrip to waveguide with via-less choke structure is proposed. A simple rectangular patch is utilized to convert the quasi-TEM mode of microstrip line to the TE10 mode of waveguide. In place of the via holes, multiple open stubs are introduced to suppress the power leakage. Furthermore, an extra resonant mode is generated by controlling the length of open stubs, which leads to a wider working band. Two back-to-back prototypes with different lengths are designed and fabricated over 300 GHz. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The measured return loss of single transition is better than 12 dB with an insertion loss of 0.9 ± 0.11 dB in the range of 314–369 GHz (16.1% bandwidth).


A gas chromatography-mass spectrometric(GC-MS)method was established for the determination ofβ-sitosterol in raw milk.Theoretical studies had shown that the fat in raw milk belonged to animal fat,fresh milk should not contain plant oils or rarely contain phytosterols,especiallyβ-sitosterol.Based on the analysis of the content ofβ-sitosterol in raw milk from different area,the identical method of mixing plant oil in raw milk had been given.Using the mass ratio of KOH aqueous solution of 1.25of the 25mL saponificate sample,100mL vitamin C ethanol solution as stabilizer,liquid saponification with petroleum ether and diethyl ether,turn solvent to toluene,centrifugal inlet mass spectrometry.Selecting 60mDB-5capillary column with high column efficiency,the injection volume was 1μL,programmed raising temperature to achieve a good separation ofβ-sitosterol and other alcohols and impurities within 35minutes.Selected ion 414quantitative,the detection limit was 0.10mg/L.The linear correlation coefficient r was 0.9991.Using this method to detectβ-sitosterol content in fresh milk from 6different regions,the highest content was 0.86mg/L,the content ofβ-sitosterol common plant oil were 1to 3g/L.In conclusion,using plant fat replace dairy fat,and each one percent of plant fat would produceβ-sitosterol as 12times as the milk without plant fat at least.Thus,mixing plant fat could be identified in raw milk.


The invention discloses a ginseng, medlar and five-cereal health-care steamed bread which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of wheat flour, 22 parts of rice flour, 15 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of oatmeal, 0.4 part of American ginseng, 1.3 parts of medlar and 1.3 parts of Chinese-date. The preparation method of the steamed bread comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing wheat dough; (2) preparing coarse cereal dough; (3) preparing and molding; (4) proofing; and (5) steaming the bread. The invention has the advantages that medicine and food are homologous to ensure that small food has great effect; the conditions that food intake is single and health problems occur are avoided; and people can be healthy by eating homely food.


It is ascertained that 42 species of coleopters inhabiting the South Urals territory are entered into different Red books. The paper is concerned with analysis of the cohort of protected coleopters available in the region. The analysis was carried out by using the Saksonov-Rosenberg matrix and criteria of the IUCN Red list (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources).


This article tests theory suggesting cognitions at the same level of specificity have stronger associations than those at different levels. Using data from a survey of Anchorage, AK, residents (n = 971, response rate = 59%), we explored relationships between general wildlife value orientations and (1) the general acceptability of hunting urban wildlife populations, and (2) specific wildlife management actions (e.g., the acceptability of destroying a bear or moose after specific conflict situations). Consistent with previous research, patterns of basic wildlife beliefs aligned along two distinct value orientations (protection–use and wildlife appreciation) that differentially predicted management action acceptability. As hypothesized, general wildlife value orientations had more influence on the acceptability of hunting to reduce wildlife populations than destroying an animal involved in specific conflict situations. Findings suggested ways to improve measurement, ways to develop broader models that include values-related variables, and the importance of values-level information when addressing urban wildlife conflicts.


The history of implanted medical devices is marked by breakthrough innovation followed by a succession of product evolutions, each improving on current technology. There can be little debate that patients have been the clear beneficiaries of this process of continual improvement and enhancement. The flow of rapid improvements made to cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators serve as excellent examples of how the process translates into extended and improved lives as well as increased value for the healthcare system. However, over the last few years, a serious problem has emerged that is consuming R&D resources that would otherwise have been directed to innovation. What is worse, potentially significant improvements to current therapy are being withheld from patients as a direct result of this problem. The problem is the unavailability of critical materials and components for existing as well as future implantable devices, affecting also all aspects of medical technology research. At a 1993 National Academy of Engineering symposium. Product Liability and Innovation, the DuPont Corporation presented its rationale for placing draconian restrictions on the use of its products in implanted or invasive medical devices.̂ It removed widely used and crucial materials such as TeflonTM (PTFE), DelrinTM (polyacetal resin), and Dacron''"'" from use in long-term implants including cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, heart valves, orthopedic devices, implantable drug pumps, and hydrocephalic shunts. To its . credit, DuPont recognized the possible catastrophic effects of an abrupt withdrawal to the


Background and Aim: Gender determination of bone is a very important part of study in anthropology and forensic science. This osteometric study helps in establishing the process of evolution, race, and demographic profile. If gender is determined first, then further investigations such as estimation of both age and stature can be confirmed with ease. Thus, the present study aims to assess the reliability of human orbital index (OI) and mandible in gender determination using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 60 CBCT images obtained using Planmeca Proma × 3D Mid Pro Face machine, taken for the purpose of various dental treatments for the patients with the age group of 10–60 years. Various parameters such as OI (maximum vertical distance of the orbital cavity/maximum horizontal distance of orbital cavity × 100) and in mandible (gonial angle and intercondylar distance) were measured using Romexis software. Results: OI showed an increase with age up to 40 years and then there was a decline with further increase in age. Gonial angle – the mean range of gonial angle values was recorded for females is 119.56–129.08 and for males 112.33–123.68 and also shows positive correlation being observed between gonial angle and age in both the sexes. Intercondylar increases with increase in age and did not exhibits much of difference between the males and females and furthermore between both the sides. Conclusion: Identification of gender from available skeletal remains is of great medicolegal significance. Thus, the present study will clearly express if morphometric analysis of orbit and mandible will be one of the reliable parameters for gender determination.


The beneficial effect of lipid lowering with statins in randomized clinical trials has had a profound effect on patient outcomes and informing treatment algorithms for cardiovascular prevention. These studies have increasingly emphasized the importance of the direct relationship between the degree of lipid lowering and clinical benefit, with the greatest effect observed among patients at the highest risk of having a subsequent cardiovascular event.1 Such observations have informed treatment guidelines, which strongly advocate for use of intensive statin therapy for patients with the highest cardiovascular risk.2 The data supporting early use of intensive statin therapy among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) represented an important change in clinical practice. In the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction With Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) study, administration of atorvastatin, 80 mg/d, within 24 to 96 hours of hospital admission among 3086 patients with ACS reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events (from 17.4% to 14.8%) during the subsequent 16 weeks in patients presenting with ACS.3 The Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy (PROVE-IT) study subsequently demonstrated that among 4162 patients with ACS, administration of intensive lipid-lowering therapy with atorvastatin, 80 mg, was more effective than pravastatin, 40 mg, with a 16% reduction (from 26.3% to 22.4%) in cardiovascular events at 24-month follow-up, with benefit evident as early as 30 days.4 These findings had an immediate influence on clinical practice, with prescription of high-intensity statin therapy becoming common practice in the coronary care unit. The benefit of more intensive lipid-lowering regimens was more recently supported by observation of cardiovascular benefit via addition of the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe, to simvastatin in 18 144 patients with ACS in the Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT), albeit after a median follow-up of 6 years.5 These studies made a number of contributions to the management of patients with ACS. Most importantly, they supported the early use of high-intensity statin therapy. However, 2 of these studies (PROVE-IT and IMPROVE-IT) permitted initiation of therapy up to 10 days following the index ACS event. Given the diminishing length of hospital stay for most patients with ACS in contemporary practice, this suggests that many patients may not have received such therapy in hospital. This has not proven to be the case in clinical practice, in which statin prescription on discharge has become a key performance measure for ACS management. The early clinical benefit with high-dose atorvastatin in MIRACL and PROVE-IT also suggested potential non–lipidlowering effects of statin therapy. This was supported by observations of an association between C-reactive protein lowering and favorable effects on both cardiovascular events6 and progression of coronary atherosclerosis7 with statin therapy. Increasing use of statin therapy as part of in-hospital management of patients with ACS has occurred in parallel with greater use of coronary angiography and early revascularization. This raises the question of whether very early administration of statin therapy, prior to any potential revascularization, may provide additional clinical benefit. Although early revascularization has been demonstrated to result in fewer adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ACS,8 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has the potential to result in distal embolization of atheromatous material, which may result in ischemic complications. This may be more likely to happen in the setting of lipid-rich plaque and inflammatory plaque underlying acute ischemic events. Administration of statins prior to any potential PCI might be of benefit, which is supported by observations from mechanistic studies demonstrating that statin use prior to PCI has favorable effects on platelet reactivity, oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, microvascular obstruction, and circulating markers of myonecrosis.9 Although small studies have investigated potential effects of statins prior to PCI in patients with ACS,10 the effect on clinical outcomes in a sufficiently large study has not been investigated. In this issue of JAMA, Berwanger and colleagues report the findings of the Statins Evaluation in Coronary Procedures and Revascularization (SECURE-PCI) trial, in which they aimed to determine if periprocedural administration of a loading dose of atorvastatin reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events at 30 days in patients with ACS undergoing clinically indicated coronary angiography.11 Over a period of more than 5 years, the investigators randomized 4191 patients with ACS to receive 2 loading doses of atorvastatin, 80 mg, or placebo before and 24 hours following a planned PCI procedure. All patients were subsequently treated with atorvastatin, 40 mg/d, for the remaining 30 days. Two important observations were made during this study. First, even though many patients proceeded to PCI (64.7%) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (8%), more than one-quarter of patients with ACS did not undergo coronary revascularization. This likely reflects a combination of patients with no obstructive disease requiring intervention and Related article Opinion


The controversy of home vs hospital delivery has been thoroughly reviewed by Adamson and Gare elsewhere in this issue (p 1732). Their dissertation is timely and accurate, pointing out that a schema to resolve the controversy cannot be simplistic. The accelerated availability of regional planning and hospital-based technology to improve the outcome of pregnancy is meeting resistance, sometimes extremely emotional resistance, from some patients and physicians. To make matters more difficult, they may not always accept scientific arguments as the final basis for decision. This has led to a rigid polarization of views from both sides of the controversy, leaving a vacuum in place of communication, educational opportunity, and quiet resolution of the problem in the interest of the mother and child. So does the historical pendulum swing until a crisis occurs and reactive regulation with arbitrary decisions is mandated. The home birth controversy provides a rare opportunity for physicians


It analyzes in detail the operating principal of the four kinds of network management methods adopted by the experiment center of faculty of software in the process of building campus network.The network structure of a variety of methods is provided,and the advantages and disadvantages are given.Practical applications indicate that the method of instructor proxy combined Huanditong software of network management is particularly suitable for the network management requirements of computer laboratory,and is valuable with extension and promotion.


We previously developed two scales to measure the pre-vention of elderly social isolation in a Japanese local volun-teer setting: the Community Commitment Scale (CCS) that assesses the psychosocial sense of belonging and socialization in the community and the self-efficacy scale for watching elderly neighbors that assesses the self-efficacy of community networking and watching neighbors. The purposes of this study were to verify both scales using Korean local volunteers and to demonstrate the internal consistency and concurrent validity of both scales. A self-report questionnaire survey was given to 326 local volunteers (female: 82.8%; people aged 60 years and older: 65.3%) in Seoul, Korea. To evaluate concurrent validity, data were collected using the Brief Sense of Community Index (BSCI) for the CCS and the revised Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) for the self-efficacy scale for watching elderly neighbors. The results: the Cronbach's alpha for the CCS was .68 and, for the self-efficacy scale for watching elderly neighbors, it was .74. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the cumulative contributions were .57 for the CCS and .60 for the self-efficacy scale for watching elderly neighbors. The correlation coefficients were .40 (p<.0001) between scores for the CCS and BSCI and .72 (p<.0001) between the self-efficacy scale for watching elderly neighbors and LGS. These results demonstrate an acceptable internal consistency and concurrent validity in Korean local volunteers, and we conclude that the CCS and self-efficacy scale for watching elderly neighbors could be effectively applied to surveys in Korea.


The South African public sector has been performing poorly on service delivery, threatening the nation's social and economic well-being. This article aims to answer the question of how the South African public sector can improve service delivery performance.


Influence of the surface migration of low molecular weight substances (C11-C18) on friction of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was studied. Thickness, morphology and structure of the bloom have been found to depend on the aliphatic chain length, ability to specific interactions (hydrogen bonding) and crystallisation. The surface geometry of the bloom is associated with the migration rate of hydrocarbons studied. The higher the migration rate the more developed the surface. Ability of low molecular weight hydrocarbons to the surface migration in SBR matrix depends either on the chain length – aliphatic molecules or hydrogen bonding – alcohols or carboxylic acids. Tribological properties of SBR however, are not decided by thickness or structure of the bloom. The dominant role play interactions between the bloom and the rubber substrate, as well as its morphology. Friction of SBR samples depends on combination of two factors: plastification of rubber and lubrication effect of low sliding layers in crystals of the bloom.


: The objective of the study was to investigate the prevailed organizational culture in the basic schools which include the first three grades in the capital Amman from the Point of View of Female Teachers. A sample of (350) teachers were selected from basic schools in the capital Amman. A questionnaire was constructed for the study which was consisted of 5 domains which are: human-being relationships, active communication, partnership in making change, active time management for change and motivation to achieve the change objectives. The result of the study shows that the level of the prevailed organizational culture in basic schools which include the first three grades in The capital Amman from the point of view of female teachers was medium on the five domains, and there were no significant statistical differences in the level of the prevailed organizational culture in basic schools which include the first three grades in the capital Amman from the point of view of female teachers due to experience variable. Also, there were no significant statistical differences in the level of the prevailed organizational culture in basic schools which include the first three grades in the capital Amman from the point of view of female teachers, due to scientific qualification. In light of these results, the study recommended the following:


Quality design methodologies have received constituent attention from a number of researchers and practitioners for more than twenty years. Specially, the quality design for drug products must be carefully considered because of the hazards involved in the pharmaceutical industry. Conventional pharma...


This critical article deals with the issue of symbolism, as its transparent employment is evident in the modern Palestinian short story of the writer, Rāwiah Burbārah, through her short story production in her collection of stories "Shaqā`iq Al-`Asīl" published in 2007. The research focuses on a short story selected from the collection of the stories of the aforementioned group, which is The white transparent, through a symbolic reading, to defining the features of modern symbolism.
Symbolism is prominent in the modern short story, as the narrator employs symbolism in its integrated concept, using it to express his thoughts and visions within the elements of the story, so he enters the symbolic building in the writer's style and formulation of the fictional text, adding to it a space of intended gaps and ambiguity and moving away from declarative and specific, so that the writer makes his story a text Literary evasive and clever in its presentation, structure and plot, calling the readers to implement all they possess of the elements of reading, interpretation, deconstruction and composition in order to reach a deeper and optimal understanding of the text and its cause, which is what the writer aims to achieve.
The writer, Rāwiah Burbārah, is considered one of the creative Palestinian writers in the field of fictional writing of all kinds. A few scholars have paid attention to her short stories, which are collected in two collections: "Shaqā`iq Al-`Asīl" in 2007, and "Min Mashī`at Jasad" in 2008. Therefore, this article is complementary with What has been written about her role in writing short stories, and this article is concerned with the symbolic approach present in her first collection, in order to answer a central question: What are the features of transparent symbolism for the writer, Rāwiah Burbārah, in her short story text "The White Transparent"?


This paper investigates if it is possible to create a portfolio investment strategy by looking at the sentiment (i.e. are they positive or negative) of twitter data for ten companies, five IT compa ...


This paper presents the design and implementation of speed control for a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor using a complex programmable logic device (CPLD). Implementation of speed control is using a PWM technique by varying duty cycles applied to a three-phase inverter. Rotor position determines by hall sensors which are used as references to synchronize the PWM control signals. The control model is written using Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) and verified by simulation using ModelSim-Altera. An experimental setup is built to test the performance of the BLDC Motor under the PWM control. The control algorithm is implemented using Max II EPM240T100C5 devices on a 350W 36V rated BLDC motor. The number of the used logic elements (LEs) of the CPLD is about 150 of 240 LEs. PWM with controllable duty cycle generated in this system for having working frequency about 20KHz and commutate sequentially according to six-step commutation up to 2300 RPM.


In Reply.— The initial observation that Dr Heyden makes was also made by the authors of the Los Angeles VA study, which was mentioned largely for historical interest and by way of introducing the subject of the editorial. The same authors concluded that this observation "reduces the possibility that the feeding of polyunsaturated oils was responsible for the excess carcinoma mortality." Most statisticians would not accept Dr Heyden's subdivision of groups carefully established before the experiment, but if we pursue it a little further and simply examine those who adhered to either diet assignment more than 50% of the time, there were carcinomas found in only 5% of the control group as compared with 8% of the experimental group. While these numbers now lose statistical significance, they are not as reassuring to me as they may be to Dr Heyden. It should also be observed that there is no assurance,


Objective: Defects of the nasal, perinasal, and infraorbital areas usually develop after trauma or tumoral excision. The key points of reconstruction of these areas are achieving a good color match and tissue compatibility, avoiding or minimizing functional deficits, and preventing disfigurement in the surrounding tissue. This study is a review of midfacial defects reconstructed with a facial artery perforator flap.


Abstract In multi-target tracking, targets can appear and disappear in the surveillance region, randomly varying the number of targets and their locations throughout the tracking process. Moreover, apart from measurement noise, observations of the targets are corrupted by misdetections, and false alarms. Therefore, prior information such as the target birth locations, amount of measurement clutter (false alarms) produced by the sensor, and the probability of detection targets have to be taken into account to model the multi-target system as realistic as possible. In general, such information is not available. As a result, the tracking algorithms have to be supplied with intuitive guesses of these values, which usually results in inferior performances. Therefore, accurate inference of these parameters is paramount for achieving acceptable tracking performance in practice. In this paper, we propose a plug-and-play multi-target tracking algorithm based on the recent $\delta$-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli $\delta$-GLMB) filter which remove the guess work in determining the parameters of the target birth process, the detection probability, and clutter rate online. The simulation results of a tracking scenario with targets having linear and nonlinear motion models prove the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.


Hukou discrimination is a special social phenomenon in China. This study tests the relationship between the independent variables such as anti-discrimination policy, training program and supervisor's attitude and the dependent variable - Hukou discrimination tendency in star hotels in Beijing. Employees' age, gender, education level, Hukou region, and the employment law and national culture as the moderating factors are tested too. In this study, questionnaire is adopted as the instrument to collect data and SPSS as the statistic tool to analyze data. The results of statistic analysis indicated that the anti-discrimination policy and training program have significant impact on the Hukou discrimination tendency. Among the moderating factors, the Hukou region related to urban and rural has the moderating effect. The implications for star hotels in Beijing and suggestion for future researchers are discussed.


Vacuum-surcharge preloading is introduced via outlining the mechanism of the test application on strengthening the soft foundation and engineering of the highway in PRD. Furthermore,the process of the vacuum-surcharge preloading and its design essence is clearly stated in the following stage. The comparison between the measured data and the result of the test for soft geotechnical layer indicates that the vacuum-surcharge preloading can make the deep soft soil foundation consolidated at different levels effectively in a short time in PRD. As a result,this contributes a lot in shortening the construction period and eliminating the post-construction settlement. Moreover,it can save the investment cost.


The relationship of mode of delivery to risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is uncertain. After linking birth records and cancer registry data from California, we conducted a population-based case-control study to investigate the role of delivery by cesarean section (C-section) in the etiology of childhood ALL. This study included 5,081 cases and 18,927 matched controls born in 1978–2009; more detailed data were available on type of C-section (i.e., elective vs. emergency) for a subset of 1,552 cases and 5,688 controls. No association was observed between C-section overall and childhood ALL risk (<15 years of age), but elective C-section was associated with a significantly elevated risk of ALL (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.36). At the peak ages of ALL incidence (2–4 years), C-section was associated with an 11% higher risk of ALL (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.22) compared with vaginal delivery, and the magnitude of the association was larger for elective C-section (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.70). Emergency C-section was not associated with childhood ALL. Because of design features minimizing nonparticipation and inaccurate recall, this record linkage–based study is less prone to bias. Our results suggest that delivery by elective C-section was associated with a higher risk of childhood ALL, especially at the peak ages of incidence. It is important to evaluate possible mechanisms, because this potential risk factor is modifiable.


Despite immunization appearing to be the most appropriate strategy for long‐term control of the vector‐borne leishmaniases, no sustainable vaccine is currently available against any form of leishmaniasis. We therefore evaluated, in the context of vaccine antigen candidates, antigen‐specific immune response at various stages of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).


Let H^2(D) denote the classical Hardy space of the open unit disk D in the complex plane. We obtain descriptions of both the spectrum and essential spectrum of composition operators on H^2(D) whose symbols belong to the class S(2) introduced by Kriete and Moorhouse [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 359, 2007]. Our work reveals new possibilities for the shapes of composition-operator spectra, settling a conjecture of Cowen's [J. Operator Th. 9, 1983]. Our results depend on a number of lemmas, perhaps of independent interest, that provide spectral characterizations of sums of elements of a unital algebra over a field when certain pairwise products of the summands are zero.


The liquid properties variation caused by alumina modulus(IM) and their influence on burning process and microstructures of tricalcium silicate(C_(3)S)-rich portland clinkers were investigated. The results show that the burnability of clinkers with high silica modulus(SM) and high IM are better than that of clinkers with low SM and low IM at the same C_(3)S content and the high burning temperatures over 1 400 ℃. The increase of IM in the clinker with high SM can raise liquid phase content in the clinker and accelerate the formation of alite. However, the increase of IM in the clinker with low SM results a higher viscosity of the liquid phase during the burning, and retrain the formation of C_(3)S. The number of C_(3)A crystals in the clinker is larger when the IM value is higher than 1.68. The number of C_(4)AF crystals in the clinker with SM=3.00 is the largest when IM value lies in the range of 1.6~1.8. The sizes of alite in the clinker decrease, the ratios of length to breadth of alite increase remarkably and there are much more inclusions in the alite when the IM value of the clinker increases in the range of 1.0~1.9.


Abstract: In rat cerebral cortical slices, the 1‐aminocyclopentyl‐1S,3R‐dicarboxylate (1S,3R‐ACPD) isomer of the selective metabotropic excitatory amino acid agonist ACPD inhibited forskolin‐stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in a concentration‐dependent manner with a maximal inhibition of 51 ± 3% and a half‐maximally effective concentration of 8.8 ± 3.4 μM. Similarly, 1R,3S‐ACPD inhibited the forskolin response in a concentration‐dependent manner, but with an inhibition of 80 ± 5% at 3 μM. In addition to inhibiting forskolin‐stimulated cAMP levels, 1S,3R‐ACPD, but not 1R,3S‐ACPD, enhanced the cAMP response to A2b adenosine receptor activation. In the presence of 1.2 U/ml of adenosine deaminase (included to reduce the contribution of endogenous adenosine), the efficacy of 1S,3R‐ACPD was increased (88 ± 3% inhibition), but the potency was unchanged. The adenosine receptor antagonist 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine also increased the inhibitory effect of 100 μM 1S,3R‐ACPD, from 57 ± 1 to 78 ± 5%. These results indicate that endogenous adenosine plays an important role in regulating the apparent efficacy of 1S,3R‐ACPD inhibition of forskolin‐stimulated cAMP accumulation in rat cerebral cortical slices and that previous studies in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus in the absence of added adenosine deaminase may have underestimated the efficacy of this compound.


This paper is a sequel to the author's previous article on order types [3], to which the reader is referred for all unfamiliar terms and definitions. The two principal problems under investigation here are: (P) to study the existence of order types r such that o <T <E, where E and o, obeing an order type K 7, are given; and (Q) to decompose a set into the union of disjoint sets which have some special properties. ?1 deals with conditions on E and owhich guarantee the existence of at least one order type r in problem (P). In particular, considerable attention is focused on the case where E--aw. In ?2 conditions are stated which ensure the existence of precisely n distinct order types T, where n is any nonnegative integer. Finally, some scattered results pertaining to problem (Q) are given (?3). For example: (1) each linear set of power 2Vo is the union of 2Vo disjoint, exact sets (Theorem 3.1); and (2) if A and B are any two disjoint, similar sets whose union is the set of real numbers, then to each point p of A there corresponds a similarity transformation f, of A into itself for which f,(p) 5 p (Theorem 3.2). 1. Sufficiency conditions for problem (P). As in [3], the set of real numbers is designated by "R." "X" will represent the order type of the real numbers, and "`q" the rationals ordered in the natural manner. "0" will designate the smallest ordinal number whose power is 2?o.


Recently, high data rate narrowband Power Line Communication (PLC) attracts more and more research interest. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a key technology for high data rate narrowband PLC. This paper focuses on the performance of narrowband power line communication based on OF DM. Influences of background noise, impulse noise and multipath transmission on the power line communication system based on OFDM are evaluated.


Objective To study the ability of rat liver suffering from warm ischemia in regenerating ATP to assess viability of donor liver by oxygenated hypothermic reperfusion. Methods Eighteen SD rats were equally randomized into 3 groups. The rats in groups A, B and C was inflicted with 0, 30- and 60-minute warm ischemia, respectively. All isolated livers were stored in modified Krebs-Hensleit solution at 0~4℃ for 2~2.5 hours they were perfused through portal vein with oxygenated cold mK-H solution for 30~40 minutes in a 31 P-MRS machine where the 31 P-MR spectroscopy was carried out. Results After the perfusion for 30 minutes, the average ATP (β-NTP/MDP) (±s) of rat livers in groups A, B and C was 0.423+0.059, 0.387+0.065 and 0.138+0.156, respectively. There was no significant difference between group A and group B (P0.05). However, there was marked difference between group C and group A or B (P0.01). In group C, 3 of 6 rat livers could not resuscitate this ability. Conclusion Detecting the ability of isolated rat livers suffering from a certain period of warm ischemia by the oxygenated hypothermic reperfusion in regenerating ATP can help us to assess their viability. This model might be valuable for assessing viability of human donor livers in clinical practice.


In many crystalline insulators there is a temperature proportional displacement of the long wave-length absorption limit towards longer wave-lengths. These are crystals which have a broad, nearly structureless absorption which is caused by the transition of an electron from a full to an empty electron band. Previous attempts to explain this phenomenon have shown that the effects of thermal expansion are far too small to account for the observed shift. In this paper it is shown that there is a broadening of electron energy levels due to collisions with the thermally vibrating lattice which results in reducing the effective width of the "forbidden" energy region between occupied and conducting bands. Calculations indicate that, in polar crystals for which the observations have been made, this effect is of the proper magnitude to explain the experimental data. In non-polar crystals the effect would be very small. However, no absorption shift in non-polar crystals has been observed.


Citation: Bedggood P, Nguyen B, Lakkis G, Turpin A, McKendrick AM. Orientation of the temporal nerve fiber raphe in healthy and in glaucomatous eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:4211–4217. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21995 PURPOSE. To determine the normal variation in orientation of the temporal nerve fiber raphe, and the accuracy with which it may be predicted or approximated in lieu of direct measurement.


Seat (1) slide adapted to be disposed in front of a machine for automatic game, comprising a portion (2) defined seat in at least one plane (21) substantially horizontal seat supported on a base (10) support by means (3) support comprising an elongated vertical portion, wherein said supporting base (10) includes a plate (4) attachable to said means (3) support and connected slidably a bracket (5) supported on the floor, said stirrup (5) are provided with means (6) guide cooperating with the means (7) corresponding sliding provided in said plate (4) to allow said plate (4) to slide together with said part (2) of the seat in order to adjust the distance of said portion (2) seat of said machine automatically set without interrupting the game session, that is, when the user is using the seat as is seated in the part (2) seats, characterized in that said stirrup (5) has a width at least equal to the width (Z) of said plate (4) and a length (L) greater than the length (X) of said plate (4), the length ( X) of said plate (4) is greater than or equal to half the distance (H) between the surface of the plate (4) and the plane (21) seat, and substantially equal to the depth (S) of plane (21) seat, said elongated vertical portion of said means (3) support are provided in a central area of said plate (4).


Staphylococus aureus strains in deep sputum speimens of 4 238 children with lower respiratory tract infection were isotated and cultured. By using bacterium automatic analysis system Vitek 60, identification and drug resistance of the isolates were performed. In the 4 238 speimens, 2.1%(89/4 238) were positive for S.aureus. Of the isolated 89 strains of S.aureus, 95.5 %(85/89) could produce #beta#-lactamase and 4.5% (4/89) belonged to MRSA. Three of the 4 MRSA strains showed multiple drug resistance. 96.6% and 48.3 of the strains were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin, respectively, while 14.6%~25.9% of the strains were resistant to SMZ co , lincomycin and streptomycin. Resistance rates of the strains to the tested common antibiotics such as gentamycin, oxacillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefazole,ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were lower than 10%. The results of this study indicated that drug resistance of S.aureus strains causing lower respiratory tract infection in children was still sensitive to most of the common antibiotics clinically used, and #beta#-lactamase+strains of S.aureus were high frequently present but the proportion of MRSA in the isolates was low.


ial failure" in her essay on Britain's declining share of the international textile market, concluding that Lancashire-produced yarn retained its quality but failed to anticipate changing Asian consumption patterns. More in the vein of industrial history, Kenneth Morgan surveys the rise and fall of Bristol sugar refiners; Edmund Newell examines Cornish copper smelters' trade associations; and Fiona Wood offers the Fenlands as an example of industrialization occurring without the assistance of canals. Two other essays stand out for their success at joining careful social or political history with economic theory. Avner Offer combines an entertaining history of American auto design in the 1950s with a sophisticated econometric analysis of price depreciation. And Brian Harrison provides a nuanced account of the political context of incomes policies between the 1940s and their demise under Thatcher, which reveals several sets of strange bedfellows (libertarian Tories and trade unionists both favored free collective bargaining, for instance) whose common views on the regulation of wages could never get past their opposing political loyalties. This story is somewhat jarringly combined with a withering attack on the economic assumptions behind incomes policies, which would have been more at home in a festschrift for Friedrich Hayak than for Peter Mathias. As this summary suggests, the reference to "corporate capitalism" in this book's title is somewhat misleading, since only two contributions directly address large corporations; the rest either chronicle individual entrepreneurs or present regional aspects of specific industries prior to 1900. Still, it is true that many of these essays do continue Mathias s conversation with Alfred Chandler about the role of personal capitalism in British decline, which means that the alternative "corporate" model of business development is never far from the surface. Along the way, most of the contributors offer sharp criticisms of the prevailing paradigms in business history and in the "new economic history," treating these as unfortunate detours from more promising paths which Mathias had opened up in the 1950s and 1960s.


Students' volunteering is an effective way to manage health crises, including pandemics. Due to the limited capacity of the healthcare system at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak, the engagement of students in volunteering services seemed invaluable. Based on different teaching–learning theories, in this survey study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of the volunteering service project launched by the Poznan University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic as a learning opportunity for undergraduate healthcare students. The results indicate the potential of involving students in volunteering activities for educational purposes, as well as other values, including attitudes and professional identity development, which could be difficult to realize using traditional teaching methods. However, stimulating students' reflectiveness seems necessary to reach its full educational effectiveness. Medical teachers should provide students with more opportunities for volunteering and service learning and consider making these a constant element of the curriculum beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.


New combinations are made: Micropera draco (based on Sarcanthus draco), and Cystorchis ogurae (based on Hetaeria ogurae). The identities and distributions of Cleisostoma longipaniculatum and C. pacificum are clarified. A second collection of Cleisostoma porrigens (Fukuy.) Garay is reported from the Caroline Islands. Pelexia obliqua (J. J. Sm.) Garay is reported for Samoa; the relevant specimen had been named as Stereosandrajavanca Blume which should be deleted from that flora of Samoa. Vanilla hirsuta M. A. Clem. & D. L. Jones is reduced to synonymy in V tahitiensisJ. W. Moore.


We investigate the description of the pion-nucleon experimental data at low energy (i.e., below pion laboratory kinetic energy of 100MeV) on the basis of the current SAID solution (WI08). We demonstrate that, in a self-consistent analysis scheme, the scale factors of the fits based on the Arndt–Roper formula come out independent of the beam energy and 'cluster' around the expectation value of 1. We report systematic effects in the low-energy behavior of the WI08 solution. These effects indicate that at least one of the three following assumptions, underlying the WI08 analysis, does not hold, namely that: (a) the bulk of the data is reliable, (b) the electromagnetic effects are correctly accounted for and (c) the isospin invariance in the strong interactions of the πN system is valid.


Effects of the different reaction conditions on the synthetic method of isoamyl benzoate have been reviewed in the present article. Different catalysts that consist of aryl sulphonic acid (ASA), Zr(SO 4 ) 2 ∙4H 2 O, NaHSO 4 ∙H 2 O, p-toluene-sulfonic acid and Ti(SO 4 ) 2 /TiO 2 have also been introduced. The reaction conditions include the reaction time, the molar ratio of benzoic acid to isoamyl alcohol , the amount of the catalyst, the microwave heating method and the Ti loading amount, etc. The optimum reaction time, the molar ratio of benzoic acid to isoamyl alcohol, the amount of the catalyst, the microwave heating method and the Ti loading amount are beneficial to improve the yield of the product, isoamyl benzoate.


The problem of robust control for uncertain nonlinear systems with high-gain observer is considered. Using singularly perturbed theory, we have proven that the closed loop system based on high-gain output feedback controller is asymptotically stable as long as the state feedback system is asymptotically stable under the meaning of stability in the first approximation, the states will enter the positively invariant subset within finite time under some definite initial conditions, and the controller is robust to all uncertain terms that belong to a known compact set. The simulation results show the output feedback controller can recur the performance of the state feedback.


Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), originated from membrane translocating sequences of viruses, can deliver biomolecules effectively into cells. Research on natural and synthetic CPPs, for delivering drugs and genes reveals that this process requires cellular uptake independent of receptors and endosomes to minimize damage to the cell membrane. To this end, we conjugated CPP-derived oligopeptides to the surface of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers to develop novel nanocarriers that improve cellular uptake transfection efficiency. PAMAM generation 4 (G4) was conjugated with oligopeptides composed of lysine and phenylalanine (KFF, FFK). The DNA condensation efficiency of PAMAM G4-KFF and PAMAM G4-FFK was determined using an agarose gel retardation assay. The sizes of the polyplexes were determined using dynamic light scattering as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency were evaluated using the HeLa and HepG2 cells. The transfection efficiencies of PAMAM G4-KFF and PAMAM G4-FFK were comparable with that of the gold-standard transfection reagent polyethylenimine (PEI25 kDa). These results suggest that these nanocarriers will serve as efficient non-viral vehicles for gene therapy.


Knowing your partner's sexual health status is essential to maintaining your own sexual health — so kudos to the both of you for connecting on a potentially sensitive subject! Valacyclovir (brand name: Valtrex) is an anti-viral drug approved for treating or managing a variety of conditions caused by viruses in the herpes family, including chickenpox, cold sores, and genital herpes. In the case of genital herpes specifically, valacyclovir is prescribed to help reduce the pain and duration of an outbreak, as well as decrease the number of outbreaks a person experiences over time. And, while it doesn't fully prevent genital herpes transmission, it can reduce the risk. So, the short answer to your question is that your partner's use of valacyclovir can reduce the risk of transmitting genital herpes to you. However, there are some caveats to consider, such as additional safer sex practices to further decrease the risk of transmission (more on that later). Also, it's a bit unclear if your question is also asking whether you, as the uninfected partner, could take valacyclovir to reduce your risk of contracting the virus. To that end, it might be helpful to know that, at this time, valacyclovir is only approved for use in affected individuals and not for prophylactic reasons in those currently uninfected.


We describe a 72-year-old man who developed ptosis and a conjunctival mass around a radial segment explant for retinal detachment surgery. Biopsy showed the mass to be amyloid of AL type and localized in nature, not previously described as a complication of retinal detachment surgery. Purpose: To describe a hitherto unreported late ocular surface complication of retinal detachment surgery around a radial segment explant. Methods: A single case report of a 72-year-old white man, with a previous history of right scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment surgery 25 years ago, presented with right-sided ptosis of 6 months duration. Results: Ocular surface examination showed a prominent right supero-nasal quadrant radial segment explant, around which there was bulky pink conjunctival mass, extending from the supero-medial fornix down to the medial canthal area and inferior medial fornix with similar changes seen on the upper medial tarsal conjunctiva. The clinical differential diagnosis was either inflammation from an exposed radial explant or lymphoma. Biopsies of the conjunctival mass showed perivascular and interstitial solid eosinophilic deposits of amyloid, with scattered giant cells; the amyloid was of AL type. There was no morphological or immunohistochemical evidence of lymphoma or a plasma cell neoplasm in the specimen. Conclusion: This is the first report of localized conjunctival amyloid deposition, secondary to a retinal detachment radial explant. It is proposed that the localized amyloid deposit arose from the ocular surface irritative effects of the radial explant.


Text is very important to video retrieval,index, and understanding. However, its detection and extraction is challenging due to varying background, low contrast between text and non-text regions, and perspective distortion. In this paper, we propose a novel two phase approach to tackling this problem by discriminative features and edge density. The first phase firstly defines and extracts a novel feature called edge distribution entropy and then uses this feature to remove most non-text regions. The second phase employs a Support vector machine(SVM) to further distinguish real text regions from nontext ones. To generate inputs for SVM, additional three novel features are defined and extracted from each region:a foreground pixel distribution entropy, skeleton/size ratio, and edge density. After text regions have been detected, texts are extracted from such regions that are surrounded by sufficient edge pixels. A comparative study using two publicly accessible datasets shows that the proposed method significantly outperforms the selected four state of the art ones for accurate text detection and extraction.


Many of the provisions of the Companies Act, 2008 that regulate directors also apply to "prescribed officers." In comparison with the Companies Act, 1973 (the Old Act) where the term "prescribed officer" was not used at all, the term is used in numerous sections of the Act.


This article describes the use of PLC,frequency converter and touch screen in automatic sorting line about belt speed control,automatic sorting line electrical control system is composed of PLC,frequency converter and touch screen.PLC control frequency converter stepless inverter,and frequency converter controlled AC induction motor to control belt speed,touch screen can adjust the parameters of the drive frequency,acceleration and deceleration time,and monitor the operating frequency,load current and work status(including start and stop,fault).


Diabetes-related foot ulceration is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputation and leading cause of hospitalisation for people with diabetes in Australia. It is associated with depression and high mortality. High-risk foot services (HRFS) in Australia, like the Diabetes Centre at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, are providing specialised multidisciplinary management for patients and some data on the healing outcomes and improvement in processes has been published. Performance indicators are a key mechanism in the quality improvement process. Excluding national amputation rates, there is no agreed set of performance indicators for monitoring outcomes or processes associated with the management of diabetic foot disease in Australia. This article discusses the processes for selecting and defining indicators that can lead to improving care and outcomes for people with diabetes-related foot ulceration and includes and describes the experiences of measuring outcomes and developing performance indicators for HRFS in the Sydney Local Health District. In time, we anticipate the formulation of national and international consensus performance indicators for diabetes HRFS that can be applied locally to particular patients, ulcer types and models of health care delivery.


Abstract Psychoanalysis has traditionally overlooked the fact that unsuitable and damaging life conditions, originating in the social milieu, play a part in the pathogenesis of emotional suffering and mental disorders. Nonetheless, the self establishes an object relation with the social system, as well as with the non-human environment. This is expected to act as a container–contained relationship. Whenever the community and its institutions fail to act as a container for individuals and groups, this generates a trauma, which can be compared with the baby's experience of a failure in mothering. Such failures can be classified in several categories. The first is when the social system fails to contain, nurture, care for, and protect individuals, as in the case of the lack of assistance and compassion towards the victims of poverty, disease, natural catastrophe, social turmoil, economic crisis, violence, or war. The second category occurs when there is a blatant attack, on the part of the authorities or privileged social groups, on minorities, or even on the bulk of the population, as in the case of social repression, war—both internal and external—racism, genocide, or persecution. The third is when there is a perversion of the social system, which feigns to uphold current social values and laws while actually breaking them, as in the case of corruption, chicanery, and mendacity on the part of the authorities. One recent example of this is the impeachment process against the Chief of Government of Mexico City. The author approaches this problem by exploring the consequences of such experiences for the development and functioning of personality structure and personal relations, as well as their repercussions for individuals living together in the community and for the necessary relation between them and the authorities.


........................................................................................................................................ vi Chapter One – Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Rwanda's Background ............................................................................................................... 2 (a) Geography ................................................................................................................. 3 (b) Customs and Traditions ............................................................................................. 3 (c) Economy .................................................................................................................... 5 (d) History and the Genocide .......................................................................................... 6 The History of Education in Rwanda ......................................................................................... 9 (a) Education Prior to 1994........................................................................................... 10 (b) Education Developments Subsequent the Genocide ............................................... 12 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter Two Beliefs and Practice ............................................................................................. 16 The Relationship between Beliefs and Practice ...................................................................... 16 Influences on the Formation of Teachers' Beliefs .................................................................. 18 (a) Teacher Education ................................................................................................... 18 (b) Systems ................................................................................................................... 19 Enacting Beliefs ....................................................................................................................... 20 (a) The Relationship with Students ............................................................................... 20 (b) Authenticity and Ethics ........................................................................................... 21 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter Three – Teachers' Work ................................................................................................ 25 Teaching as a Profession and Vocation ................................................................................... 25 Teacher Status ........................................................................................................................ 27 Teacher Education .................................................................................................................. 29 Community Participation ........................................................................................................ 32 Gender .................................................................................................................................... 36 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 38


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to predict the appearance of denim fabric after repetitive uses judging the denim cloth behavior and performance in viewpoint of bagging ability. Hence, it attempts to carry out the significant inputs and outputs that have an influence on the bagging behaviors using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. In this study, the Kawabata Evaluation System parameters such as the frictional characteristics, the bending, compression, tensile and shear parameters are investigated to propose a model highlighting and explaining their impacts on the different bagging properties. To improve the obtained results, the selected significant inputs are also analyzed within their bagging properties using Taguchi experimental design. The linear regressive models prove the effectiveness of the PCA method and the obtained findings. Design/methodology/approach – To investigate the mechanical properties and their contributions on the bagging characteristics, some denim fabrics wer...


Motivated by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, the objective of integration of important biomarkers for the early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a therapeutic intervention is most likely to be beneficial in the early stages of disease progression. Developing predictors for MCI to AD comes down to genotype variables such that the dimension of predictors increases as the sample becomes large. Thus, we consider the sparsity concept of coefficients in a high-dimensional regression model with clustered failure time data such as ADNI, which enables enhancing predictive performances and facilitates the model's interpretability. In this study, we propose two MM algorithms (profile and non-profile) for the shared frailty survival model firstly and then extend the two proposed MM algorithms to regularized estimation in sparse high-dimensional regression model. The convergence properties of our proposed estimators are also established. Furthermore simulation studies and analysis of ADNI data are illustrated by our proposed methods.


According to the development regulation of Chinese road freight market structure,based on the datum of Chinese road freight industry from 1952 to 2002,the production model of Chinese road freight industry was developed with empirical analysis.With this model,the relation of road freight market structure with technology progress was studied.The results show that the complete competition market can not make the technology progress.When the market is under monopoly,the monopoly firms can do their best in technology progress for their monopoly profit. The technology progress is the main power to develop road freight market,but the management system and policy have great influence on the technology progress. 3 tabs,9 refs.


The magnetic properties of Permendur (49% Co 49% Fe 2% V) are very dependent on heat treatment. Common practice is to anneal laminations between 720°C and 800°C for use in machine stators or other devices where high saturation induction is desirable. Annealing below 700°C develops exceptional mechanical properties at the expense of magnetic properties. The material might be useful as rotor laminations of aircraft generators which operate under high centrifugal stress; so to test the suitability of the magnetic properties d.c. measurements were made after annealing at temperatures between 450°C and 875°C on samples subjected to mechanical stress of up to ± 300MN/m2. It was found that tension always improves the B/H curve, and compression makes it worse. Annealing at 650°C gave material which exhibited both magnetic and mechanical properties suitable for high-speed rotors. Changes in magnetic properties are discussed in terms of structural changes affecting the stress sensitivity of the domain structure.