It is a frequently stated fact in the field of human-computer interaction that especially with increasingly networked socio-technical systems, the focus of analysis and design should be on multi-agent systems, comprising a number of human and artificial agents, instead of on single human-computer systems (Boy, 2002). However, current methods tend still to be more applicable to single human-computer systems, with one of the major problems for the analysis and design of multi-agent systems being the dramatically increased complexity. In the following, some general guidelines for the analysis and design of multi-agent systems are developed based on the rationale of two existing methods, Cognitive Function Analysis (Boy, 1998) and KOMPASS (Grote et al., 2000; Wäfler et al., 2003), using multi-agent teams in aviation (pilots and air traffic control) as examples. The aspects of coordination, authority trading, and control in the context of safety-critical systems are discussed, as they represent crucial problems in multi-agent systems that have not yet received sufficient attention in the HCI field. 1 Autonomy and coordination A system that is to perform tasks does so on the basis of some form of division of labor. Any chosen division of labor involves a particular pattern of specialization for each of the actors in the system and at the same time requires coordination of the specialized actors, which is contingent on the degree and kind of specialization (e.g. Kieser & Kubicek, 1989). Crucial in this respect is the type of interdependence created by the chosen division of labor in combination with the general demands of the task and the task environment. Generally, three types of interdependence of work activities are distinguished (e.g. Thompson, 1967; van de Ven et al., 1976): • Pooled interdependence is present when system performance is an additive function of individual performance. The performance of other members of the system can have an effect on the work of the individual members but only indirectly through parallel contributions to a superordinate goal. Coordination in this case is usually achieved via centrally determined work programs which every individual has to follow independently and which assure that subtasks serve the superordinate goal. • Sequential interdependence is a unidirectional workflow arrangement, where individual performance depends on the proper fulfillment of prior subtasks. Synchronization is needed here based on centrally determined programs and plans, which spell out the exact content and temporal requirements of subtask fulfillment. • Reciprocal interdependence means that information and results of work activities have to be exchanged between teams continuously. Coordination is mainly achieved via direct communication, be it in the form of personal directives or multilateral flow of communication between the individuals involved in self-regulated task performance. In view of special demands created by task performance in high risk situations like flying an airplane or operating on a patient, Tesluk et al. (1997) have added a fourth form of interdependence called intensive work situations where team members work very closely together and work flow is poly-directional, flexible and very intensive, because the team repeatedly faces novel situations with new problems which have to be diagnosed and solved within the team. This is also similar to what Van de Ven et al. (1976) have termed "team arrangement" where coordination has to be achieved by all group members simultaneously. Proceedings of HCI International 2005 – Las Vegas, USA In the following, the focus will be on such intensive work situations, though certain parts of task execution might follow more one of the other forms of task interdependence. In the aviation system as a prime example of this type of work situation, not only do pilots and controllers interact with each other in complex and time pressured situations, but they also interact with several highly complex technical systems. Automation is not a new phenomenon in aviation. The first autopilots on transport aircraft were used in operations in the 1930s. Aircraft automation has developed since then from analogical systems to digital computers that include flight management systems (FMS), ground collision avoidance systems (GCAS) or communication management systems (DataLink). These incremental evolutions deeply changed human-system as well as human-human relations in the aviation system: pilots have become managers of artificial agents (i.e., highly automated systems) that are in charge of basic flight functions such as trajectory tracking, navigation, communications, collision avoidance, etc. Agent management and supervision involve more socio-cognitive activities. Even if this technological evolution has improved performance, safety and comfort within the overall aviation system, it was also induced a number of human factors issues that are now well identified such as effective responsibility distribution and sharing, control skill erosion, monitoring-induced workload, and situation awareness. In addition to the nature of the task itself, characteristics of the environment in which it has to be carried out are very important when choosing the division of labor along with the appropriate form of coordination. In order to understand the reasons for and effects of different forms of coordination such as impersonal coordination (through standards and programs), vertical personal coordination through leadership and lateral personal coordination through interaction between team members (Van de Ven et al., 1976), it is helpful to conceptualize organizational activities in terms of the management of uncertainty (Grote, 2004a). The kinds of uncertainty an organization has to deal with and how these uncertainties are handled by the organization has been a core issue in organization theory. Prominent authors in this field such as Thompson (1967), Perrow (1967) and Van de Ven et al. (1976) have helped to systematize the nature of uncertainties relevant to organizations and the ways organizations deal with them. Two general sources of uncertainties were identified, i.e. the transformation processes an organization has to perform and the environment within which these processes take place. There are two extreme approaches to handling uncertainty (see Figure 1). The first one tries to minimize uncertainty or at least the effects of uncertainty in the organization using mainly feed-forward control based on high standardization and programming of work flows. Enormous efforts are put into centralized planning and continuous monitoring of the execution of these plans, providing minimal degrees of freedom to the people in charge of carrying out the plans. If the organization's environments become more and more complex – or rather the complexity is more and more acknowledged – then more effort has to be put into reducing the uncertainties connected with the complexity. The minimizing uncertainties approach is especially prevalent in organizations where malfunctioning not only endangers business success but also human life and environmental integrity because the production processes handled incorporate major risks for health, safety and environment. In these organizations usually not only the chosen management style is that of minimizing uncertainties, but this approach is even prescribed by external regulatory bodies. Minimizing uncertainties • complex, central planning systems • reducing operative degrees of freedom through procedures and automation • disturbances as to be avoided symptoms of inefficient system design Coping with uncertainties • planning as resource for situated action • maximizing operative degrees of freedom through complete tasks and lateral cooperation • disturbances as opportunity for use and development of competencies and for system change


For the List Accessing Problem, Move-To-Front(MTF) algorithm has been proved to be the best performing online list accessing algorithm till date in the literature[10]. In this paper, we have made a comprehensive analysis of MTF algorithm and developed an Improved-MTF (IMTF) offline algorithm. We have generated two new types of data set and devise a new method of experimental analysis for our proposed algorithm. Our experimental analysis shows that IMTF is performing better than MTF algorithm.


A lead sulphide (PbS) sixteen detector (4 x 4 array) multiple filter radiometer suitable for balloon borne platforms was developed by Electro-Dynamics Laboratories at Utah State University. The hostile environment associated with balloon borne systems required that thermal, electrical interface, stabilization, and atmospheric problems be studied. The radiometer design deals mainly with instrument requirements.


In order to overcome a difficulty for uncertain coefficient i not to be determined easily in similarity -difference analysis for variety regional test,A method was proposed by substituting grey relational degree for similarity-difference connection degree.The method and steps of similarity-difference analysis were introduced by determining i value,a living application example was given.The result showed that the method above-mentioned was feasible,and had an important meaning for further improving and perfecting the theory of similarity-difference.


The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for processing a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) message, and more particularly to a method for processing an HTTP message, capable of downloading information desired by a user from a web server to provide the desired information to the user, and an apparatus thereof. The method for processing the HTTP message includes steps of detecting input of an URL; transmitting, to a network, first request messages including the input URL and at least one expectation URL corresponding to the input URL when the at least one expectation URL is included in a redesignation history DB; receiving first response messages corresponding to the first request messages from the network; determining whether a success message of the first response messages is valid; and determining that data of the success message is a resource to be provided to a user when the success message is valid.


This book presents a brief introduction to each writer, centring on a particular work ("Les Fleurs du mal, Les Mains sales, La peste") and imediately followed by a commentary on an extract (the Baudelaire poem chose is '"Le Cygne"'). Professor Rees ends by presenting some pointers on the nature of twentieth century French literature in general, as a guide to the student beginner.


On the basis of experience of guiding undergraduate to take part in the National Mathematical Contest in Modeling for many years,this paper analyses deeply several problems on preparing for contests,choosing the subject carefully,discussing in the united atmosphere,putting thoughts together and writing the paper,and offers related advises for contestants.


The focus of this work is the investigation of the surface properties of supercooled liquids and metal-polymer nanocomposites around the glass transition temperature TG at nanometer length scales. This thesis provides two major contributions in the field of surface sensitive x-ray scattering techniques employed to characterize the behavior of surface fluctuations in polymeric liquids around TG and the nanoparticle dynamics in out-of-equilibrium systems. The research topic of the first part of this thesis consists in the determination of the cooling rate dependent freezing of capillary waves on the glass forming liquid poly(propylene glycol) by means of in-situ cooling x-ray reflectivity measurements. The freezing in of density fluctuations while approaching the glass transition has been known in the bulk for a long time, but it has not been determined until now whether an analogous effect also occurs at the free surface. Above TG the surface roughness σ can be described by the standard capillary wave model for simple liquids, whereas the surface fluctuations are frozen in at temperatures below TG. As the state of a glass forming liquid strongly depends on its thermal history, for fast cooling rates this effect occurs at higher temperatures than for slow cooling. Large shifts of TG to 240 K compared to the bulk value of 196 K have been observed. This represents a significant difference to the bulk where the dependence of TG on the cooling rate is typically weak. The temporal evolution of gold nanoparticles moving on the surface of thin polystyrene films is investigated in the second part of this work. As the measurements are performed around the glass transition of the polymer, the metal-polymer system is out of equilibrium and therefore exhibits interesting dynamics. The dynamic structure factor f(q||, τ) of the gold clusters with the lateral wavevector transfer q|| and the relaxation time τ is measured with two-dimensional x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. There is currently extensive interest in bulk soft matter systems where a similar behavior of the dynamic structure factor and aging phenomena are observed. Above the glass transition of the polymer the peculiar modified exponential form f(q||, τ) ∝ exp[−(Γτ)α] is found with 0.7 < α < 1.9, depending on sample age and temperature. The relaxation rates Γ scale linearly with q||, excluding a simple Brownian diffusive motion. This type of behavior, already observed in aging bulk soft matter systems, is explained by a power law distribution of particle velocities due to ballistic motion.


Customers are either eager or obliged to switch from a physical consultation firm to an online consultation platform. Considering customers' switching behavior and competition effect on bilateral users, the paper developed a three-echelon Stackelberg game framework where two consultation companies decide bilateral "pricing" (the service price and the wage), and the servicer decides service investment. In four scenarios combining two salary strategies (Employment or Sharing strategy) and two game sequences (firm as leader or follower), stakeholders' optimal decision-making and revenue were proved. We then theoretically analyzed the influence of some parameters on the equilibrium status and the gap between them and numerically simulated the joint effect of switching rate and parameters on the equilibrium revenue of stakeholders. It is deduced that in the consultation service market: (a) there is equilibrium status in all four scenarios when the switching rate, the servicer's sensitivity to current revenue, and the service cost coefficient on the firm satisfy certain conditions; (b) the servicer's potential market and the service investment cost coefficients negatively affect the optimal fixed wage set by the two companies and the servicer's revenue; (c) two consultation companies can achieve greater revenue when both adopt Sharing strategy; (d) servicer with higher perceived service cost are incented to devote more to servicing when both employ Employment strategy.


In this paper, we analyze the performance of a multihop system in which a relay is selected sequentially among multiple non-regenerative relays in each hop. We employ multiple antennas at the destination to remove the bottleneck at the last hop caused by the sequential relay selection proposed. By deriving the moments of an upper-bound on the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using order statistics, we provide a bound on the average symbol error probability of MPSK which can be applied for arbitrary numbers of relays and hops.


This paper discusses sex‐related differences in Greek and Italian public relations managers comparing individual characteristics, role, level of contact and perceived quality of relations with the various interfaces, allocation of their working time, difficulties encountered and solutions proposed. The results generally support the hypothesis that there is no difference between male and female Greek and Italian public relations managers, although the issues of environmental uncertainty and role ambiguity among women in public relations requires additional research.


Analysis is one of the key issues in realizing large space structures. In spite of the fact that a huge amount of accumulation has been done in the field of structural analysis, there is still a need to include newly developed methodologies into analysis codes for production use. This paper introduces an attempt which implements a knowledge-based approach to structural analysis based on the idea that numerical analysis programming can be thought of as a particular type of engineering design. A system is proposed which first accepts the user's description of a problem, then generates a program, along with input data, and finally to give a result to the user. In order to test the possibility of this approach, a problem solving model called Organizational Model is introduced and is implemented based on the object-oriented program development.


SUMMARYForty five patients withsubarachnoid haemorrhage proved bylumbar puncture underwentserial measurements ofcerebral blood flowandcentral conduction time. Whentheinitial slope index (ISI) value forcerebral blood flowisconsidered there isaclear relationship between reduction ofcerebral blood flowanddeteriorating clinical grade. Thisrelationship isnotsoclearly demonstrated using thefast flow(f1) value forcerebral blood flow. Whencerebral bloodflowiscompared tocentral conduction timethose patients withacentral conduction timelonger than6-4mshavea significantly lowerCBFi,, butnotasignificant lowerCBFf, .Furthermore, using theISIvalue, there isalinear relationship between thefall incerebral blood flowandthelengthening ofCCTbelowa threshold bloodflowofabout35ml/lOOg/min. Thisrelationship isnotdemonstrated withthe CBFf1value. Ittherefore appears that theISIvalue forcerebral bloodflowshowsagreater correlation between clinical andelectrophysiological events thanthef1value. Therecent development ofportable cerebral blood flowapparatus hasmadethestudy ofcerebral blood flowindisease states easier. Withoutmovingthe patient studies canbemadeinquick succession by clinical staff atnegligible risk tothepatient andatan acceptable cost.' Inorder todetermine whichvalue forcerebral blood flowwasmostuseful thefast flow value (fl) andinitial slope index (ISI) werecompared inthis study withtheclinical grade ofthepatient and central conduction time(CCT).


e17061 Background: Consensus guidelines suggest that genetic testing is clinically indicated for prostate cancer (PCa) patients who meet certain family history, stage and histopathological grade criteria. Current next generation sequencing (NGS) diagnostics rely on capital and maintenance intensive sequencers which require highly trained technical personnel to operate. This may restrict availability of testing where specimen transport or access to personnel/capital is limited. We sought to compare results obtained using a simpler sequencer coupled with a bioinformatics platform which requires minimal maintenance and capital cost with those from more traditional NGS equipment. Methods: We compared results in detection of 10 genes recommended by NCCN PCa guidelines (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PALB2, PSM2, and HOXB13) between the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION to the Illumina NextSeq sequencer. All samples were sequenced in a depth greater than 50x. Bioinformatics for the Illumina sequencer was performed using Illumina's TruSight Hereditary Cancer panel. As the MinION reads long DNA fragments, and cancer diagnostics is focused on short exon sequencing, we used the CorrSeq Dx by Foresee Genomics to create long DNA molecules consisting of several tandem repeats of short DNA fragments separated by sequences recognized by automated bioinformatics software. Statistical analysis was performed using Cohen's kappa test. This IRB-exempt study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: We detected using 380 variants in 13 patients on the Illumina platform and 379 (3 false negatives, 2 false positives) variants on the same patients using the MinION sequencer with CorrSeq Dx assay. The positive predictive value and sensitivity for the simplified platform was 99.5% (375/(375+2)) and 99.2% (375/(375+3)), respectively. The demonstrated accuracy of the simplified process was 99.9% (Cohen's kappa > 0.99). Conclusions: Thisl data suggests that a simpler sequencing solution with appropriate bioinformatics could allow clinical laboratories with limited technical and capital resources to perform germline and possibly somatic testing in-house; use of this technology may also serve to reduce costs for labs currently performing these tests. While some labs or clinics can outsource their NGS diagnostics if such commercial options are available, these options may not be possible where transport of specimens is logistically difficult or if access to technology is limited. A simpler process for NGS testing could improve access to guideline-based care in both remote and economically disadvantaged areas, resulting in better treatment outcomes as well as increased global healthcare equity. Further testing of this technology in prostate cancer as well as other disease states is warranted to fully understand its potential impact on patient care.


Guy W. Leadbetter (Fig 1) was born in Bangor, ME. In high school and college, he was an outstanding athlete, was the captain of the football team, and excelled in track and field. He threw the 16-lb shotput well enough to try out for the Olympic team. After graduating from Bowdoin College, he went to Johns Hopkins University Medical School where he received his medical degree in 1920. After doing an internship in Cleveland, Leadbetter returned to the Johns Hopkins Hospital for his orthopaedic training. In 1923, he entered private practice in Washington, DC. He became a Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the George Washington Medical School.


In this paper, we present an analytical approach in obtaining the probability density function (pdf) of the random decision variable Y, formed at the output of power-cubic all-optical nonlinear preprocessor followed by the photodetector. Our approach can be used to accurately evaluate the performance of ultrafast pulse detection in the presence of Gaussian noise. Through rigorous Monte-Carlo simulation, the accuracy of widely used Gaussian approximation of decision variable Y is refuted. However, in this paper we show that the so called Log-Pearson type-3 probability density function (LP3 pdf) is an excellent representation for the decision variable Y . Three distinguishable parameters of the LP3 pdf are obtained through analytical derivation of three moments of the decision variable Y . Furthermore, toward a more realistic model, in addition to ASE Gaussian noise, the effects of shot and thermal noises are also included. Finally, using the presented analytical approach, it is shown that power-cubic preprocessor outperforms its quadratic counterparts, i.e., Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Two Photon Absorption (TPA) devices, in high power regime where shot and thermal noises can be neglected.


Objective To investigate the apoptosis in gastric cancer induced by trichosanthin (TCS) and the relationship between this apoptosis and expression of c-myc. Methods In in vitro experiment, morphologic test and TUNEL staining method were used to detect quantitatively and qualitatively the apoptosis status of gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7901 before and after the treatment of 0.1μg/ml TCS. Immunohistochemical staining method and Northern Blot hybridization were used to detect the expression status of apoptosis-related genes c-myc before and after TCS treatment. Results Some typical apoptotic morphologic changes appeared after 36h treated by TCS. The apoptotic indexes increased significantly in the TCS treated group than those of the untreated group after 36h,42h and 48h (P0.01). After 24h treated by TCS, an increased expression of c-myc protein product occurred, the staining density was increased from + or ++ to +++ (P 0.01), and the expression of c-myc RNA increased significantly (P0.05). Conclusion TCS is able to induce the apoptosis in gastric cancer. This apoptosis may be mediated by up-expression of apoptosis-regulated gene c-myc.


Abstract.  1. Nesting females of Dawson's burrowing bees, Amegilla dawsoni, produce a large size class of offspring, which includes daughters and major sons, and a small size class, which consists entirely of minor sons averaging half the weight of their larger siblings. Female allocation patterns change over the flight season such that the initial pattern of producing daughters shifts toward the production of both daughters and major sons in the middle of the season, and then the production of primarily minor sons in the latter part of the nesting season.


The design and operation of terminal system components including ship handling, liquid 1 vapor transfer, storage, and vaporization are discussed. (LK)


A new type of terahertz (THz) photonic crystal waveguide is proposed and its dispersion characteristics are investigated. The cladding of this THz photonic crystal waveguide is silicon material containing periodic circular air holes arranged as triangular lattice, and the material of its core is polythene (PE). The band-gap distribution is studied by plane wave method (PWM), absorption boundary is determined by perfectly matched layer (PML), and dispersion characteristics are analyzed by finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD). Results show that waveguide dispersion is strongly affected by structure parameters, e.g. air hole diameter, spacing between air holes and core radius. The value, slope and zero-dispersion point of waveguide dispersion can be adjusted by changing structure parameters. Better dispersion characteristics could be achieved at higher air-filling factor.


Excerpt To the editor: The results of recent studies (1) have documented the safety and efficacy of large-volume paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites. Previously, however, such pat...


The prevalence of Proctalgia fugax (PF) in the population ranges from 4 to 18%, with functional PF (FPF) occurring in 5,6% of cases. It is necessary to identify FPF using the MDCalc medical calculator, questionnaires. The coloproctologist should exclude non-functional proctalgia (NPF) and functional PF (FPF), coccygodynia, organic diseases of the pelvic organs. Patients with NPF, NPF, coccygodynia should be examined and treated by doctors of narrow specialties. Treatment of patients with NPF in combination with puborectal nerve neuritis (PRNN), changes in the spine, bone structures and pelvic organs should be carried out by narrow specialists (neurologist, neurosurgeon, orthopedist, gynecologist, urologist). The most common cause of FPF is intraanal sphincter hypertrophy (IASH), which is treated by relaxing the IAS. Treatment of patients with FPF in combination with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should be carried out in accordance with the Roman Criteria 4 (RC4). A psychogastroenterologist should conduct research and treatment of patients with PF and with mental health disorders. The study and treatment of patients with PF of unclear etiology should be carried out after a consultation of doctors based on the modern concept of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGR) – violations of the brain-intestine relationship and the use of an algorithm.


We have studied the Si‐SiO2 interface of a Si‐MOSFET (metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor) on a (911) surface by high‐resolution electron microscopy. The interface was viewed edge‐on parallel to [011] and the Si crystal lattice was directly resolved. The image shows the interface to be smooth to within 4 A and contains a possible indication of a transition layer (∼10 A) of nonstoichiometric oxides.


THE SUBSTANCE activating DESIGNATED A3 and A9 PRECONDUCE TO protein expression 12.9 kDa and 11.6KDA to "Arabidopsis thaliana" AND RELATED PROTEIN WITH FAMILY "BRASSICACEAE" has been discovered, isolated, and cloned. The substance can be used to conduct DNA of male sterility, such as codes protease, nuclease glucanase. Alternatively or in addition INFERTILITY MALE you CAN MAKE disrupting gene expression A3 AND / OR A9 for example by transcribing RNA which is opposite to the RNA that is the opposite of RNA NORMALLY transcribed from the A3 GENES AND A9, OR EXPRESS CODE DNA by a RIBOZINA SPECIFIC AT LEAST ONE OF THE A3 and A9 genes.


Abstract. GaoFen-3 (GF-3) is the first fully polarimetric C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite in China. Interferometric observation is an important capability of GF-3. However, the long temporal baseline is a great challenge for repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) processing, especially over mountainous areas. Phase noise and complex topography make phase unwrapping difficult. This paper proposes a step-wise approach for high-resolution InSAR data processing focusing on facilitating phase unwrapping. First, the coarse GF-3 digital elevation model (DEM) is reconstructed by InSAR processing with multilooking of large looks, which is used to suppress phase noise. Second, the coarse GF-3 DEM is used to remove the terrain phase from the InSAR phase with multilooking of small looks, which can reduce phase gradient and improve the accuracy of phase unwrapping. After several iterations, the GF-3 DEM is finally inversed with multilooking of 2 looks, which is of high resolution and high accuracy. The performance of GF-3 C-band InSAR data on the extraction of DEM is examined over a deciduous forested area with the proposed method. The root-mean-square error of the extracted GF-3 DEM is 3.78 m in comparison with the LiDAR DEM.


Significant challenges exist when defining the usage spectra of helicopter components due to the wide range of missions and manoeuvres flown by helicopters in-service. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) trajectories provide a means of constructing helicopter flight manoeuvre statistics across entire in-service fleets. This paper explores the feasibility of characterising helicopter manoeuvres by applying rule-based algorithms to ADS-B trajectories from a fleet of twin-seat training helicopters. Despite challenges relating to low-altitude ADS-B coverage, a comprehensive set of flight manoeuvre statistics was generated, which highlighted that significant variability exists in helicopter flight manoeuvre occurrences. The generated statistics can also support validation activities concerning design usage spectra assumptions.


ABSTRACT Looking at mediated, political and wider public discourses on immigration in Poland since 2015 and exploring these in the context of the country's right-wing populist politics, the paper develops a multi-step normalisation model which allows analysing how radical or often blatantly racist discourse can not only be strategically introduced into the public domain but also evolve into an acceptable and legitimate perspective in perceptions of immigrants and refugees. The paper highlights the strategic as well as opportunistic introduction of anti-immigration rhetoric in/by the political mainstream in Poland in recent years, often on the back of the so-called post-2014 European "Refugee Crisis". It explores normalisation as part and parcel of a wider multistep process of strategically orchestrated discursive shifts wherein discourses characterised by extreme positions have been enacted, gradated/perpetuated and eventually normalised as an integral part of pronounced right-wing populist agenda. The paperfurthers a view that normalisation entails the creation and sustainment of a peculiar borderline discourse wherein unmitigated radical statements are often married with seemingly civil and apparently politically correct language and argumentation. The latter are used to pre-/legitimise uncivil or even outright radical positions and ideologies by rationalising them and making them into acceptable elements of public discourse.


Philosophy is not religion and certainly religion is not philosophy, yet the two have always advanced or retreated side by side. It is indeed difficult for any man to be religious without some philosophical presupposition. The importance of this fact justifies us in the printing of several articles in the field. One of them by Professor J. H. Tufts of the University of Chicago appeared in the July number of the Biblical World. It will be interesting to compare the views of these two independent and philosophical thinkers, each of whom is deeply concerned with practical as well as theoretical aspects of religion.


This research discusses the relationship between Central American Migrants' vulnerability and the Mexican immigration control policy. The main argument is that their vulnerability have been increased because migratory policy is focused on the enforcement and less on sanctions for human rights violations against migrants. Although the official discourse of the government blames others for the vulnerability, the statistics, the migrant's stories and the analytical framework suggest that Mexican State is the only responsible either by action or by omission. It concludes with some ideas as a proposal to eliminate structural and cultural vulnerability of undocumented immigrants.


Yeshanli Jianfeng Functional Drink was developed by adopting the special resources of Chinese medicinal herbs and making up reasonable prescriptions. The technological process was determined, and the relative biochemical indexes were inspected through experiments on the human body. The results proved that the kinetism and biochemical indexes of the team taking Yeshanli Jianfeng Functional Drink were obviously or greatly obviously improved compared with the team which did not take the drink.


Background. The main problem is to differentiate idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) with other neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by similar clinical presentation. For this purpose, a number of neuroimaging and invasive methods were proposed. The study objective is to assess most reliable magnetic resonance (MR) symptoms of iNPH and to create a prognostic model for differential diagnosis of iNPH by these criteria. Materials and methods. MR-data of 213 iNPH, 144 neurodegenerative (Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and early mild cognitive impairment) patients and 79 healthy age-matched controls were retrospectively analyzed. Following criteria were assessed: Evans Index, size of the third ventricle, size of temporal horns, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, focal convexital sulci enlargement, callosal angle, periventricular hyperintensities, focal subcortical gliosis and perivascular spaces enlargement. One-way ANOVA was used to explore differences between groups. Classification matrix was formed by discriminant analysis. Results. Differential model was established and Excel-tab-calculator was created for complex computed assessment of MR data and differential diagnosis of iNPH patients. Prognostic accuracy of model for iNPH reaches 99.5 %, for degenerative disorders – 89 %, common diagnostic accuracy is 92 %. Conclusion. Advantages of complex approach for assessment of MR-data in iNPH patients were underlined. Prognostic model for prediction of iNPH based on MR criteria was established.


This book combines Chartalist monetary theory with Abba Lerner's "functional finance" theory of fiscal policy to develop a model that stresses the inherent and strong interconnectedness of monetary and fiscal policies. The model is then used in support of several policy proposals, most importantly an argument for developing a system in which the government would act as an employer of last resort (ELR). The model also has some interesting implications for public pension finance, states within the European Monetary System, and transitional economies such as Russia. Although elements of the Chartalist approach to monetary theory are found in classical political economy-especially in Adam Smith's and Karl Marx's work on monetary economics-the modern version of the Chartalist approach first appeared in George Friedrich Knapp's The State Theory of Money [1924]. Elements of Knapp's views are found in Keynes's Treatise on Money [1930], in which Keynes quoted and agreed with Knapp on the nature and origins of money. Modem exponents of the theory familiar to readers of this journal include Abba Lerner, Jan Kregel, Hyman Minsky, Warren MossIer, and Wray. "Chartalist" comes from the Latin "Charta," a term translatable as paper, token or ticket. The Chartalists argue that money forms derive their exchange value from actions of the state, rather than having intrinsic value, and that it is analytically essential to understand that money is but a token or symbol of value. A key concept in Chartalism is "state determined money": the most important forms of money, including those accepted as legal tender, are those which the state accepts in payment of taxes. So "taxes drive money" in the senses that the essential forms of money are those that the state uses to purchase goods and services and that private persons must acquire to meet tax obligations. The purchasing power of those money forms is ultimately derived from their acceptance in payment of taxes. A corollary proposition is that money is created by state spending and retired by tax payments, so government deficits lead to an increase in the money stock, while surpluses contract the stock of money. Another corollary: without taxes, state fiat money loses exchange value and the public is unlikely to accept it. Lerner [1943] argued that the primary concern in determining fiscal policy should be the expected effects of expenditures and taxes on the levels of output, employment, and prices. Lerner reasoned that the most important economic function


To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of random blood glucose (RBG) on good glycaemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a rural African setting.


Resume matching is the process of comparing a candidate's curriculum vitae (CV) or resume with a job description or a set of employment requirements. The objective of this procedure is to assess the degree to which a candidate's skills, qualifications, experience, and other relevant attributes align with the demands of the position. Some employment courses guide applicants in identifying the key requirements within a job description and tailoring their experience to highlight these aspects. Conversely, human resources (HR) specialists are trained to extract critical information from numerous submitted resumes to identify the most suitable candidate for their organization. An automated system is typically employed to compare the text of resumes with job vacancies, providing a score or ranking to indicate the level of similarity between the two. However, this process can become time-consuming when dealing with a large number of applicants and lengthy vacancy descriptions. In this paper, we present a dataset consisting of resumes of software developers extracted from a public Telegram channel dedicated to Israeli hi-tech job applications. Additionally, we propose a natural language processing (NLP)-based approach that leverages neural sentence representations, keywords, and named entities to achieve state-of-the-art performance in resume matching. We evaluate our approach using both human and automatic annotations and demonstrate its superiority over the leading resume–vacancy matching algorithm.


Abstract Objective: The involvement of the utricle and possibly the saccule in the pathogenesis of BPPV encouraged many investigators to study VEMP in patients with BPPV. The current study investigated VEMP results in patients with BPPV to determine different forms of VEMP abnormalities (if any) in patients with BPPV. Study design: The study group comprised 112 patients (52 males, 60 females; age range 26−60 years (46.2 ± 10.2)). The group was subdivided into a recurrent BPPV subgroup (32 patients) and a non-recurrent BPPV subgroup (80 patients). The control group included 100 healthy volunteers with matched age and gender distribution. Both ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) were registered in the different study subgroups. Abnormal VEMP was defined as: 1) VEMP pattern of 'no response'; 2) VEMP asymmetry exceeding the mean + 2 SD of the control group; 3) delayed peak latency (P13 or N1) exceeding the mean + 2 SD of the control group. Results: The prevalence of VEMP abnormalities in patients with BPPV was 9.8% for oVEMP, 13.4% for cVEMP and 20.5% when VEMP abnormality was defined as an abnormal oVEMP and/or abnormal cVEMP. VEMP abnormalities in the recurrent BPPV patients were 40.3%, and 12.5% in the non-recurrent BPPV group. All forms of VEMP abnormalities were detected in the study group (i.e. absent, asymmetrical or delayed VEMP peaks); the absent VEMP was the most prevalent form of abnormality. The recurrent BPPV group had significantly higher oVEMP and cVEMP compared to either control or non-recurrent groups. cVEMP was significantly higher in the non-recurrent BPPV than controls, but oVEMP was not. Conclusions: VEMP abnormalities were detected more in patients with recurrent attacks of BPPV suggesting that VEMP abnormality may be indicative of the risk of BPPV recurrence. cVEMP may be a more sensitive tool for detection of early mild effects of pathological disorders causing dual affection of the utricle and saccule.


In view of the close relationship between the change of liquid level in the tank and the normal operation of beer filling machine, the quality and efficiency of beer production, traditional PID control will be difficult to accurately control the liquid level in the tank. In order to improve the working efficiency of beer filling machine and the quality of beer, precise control of liquid level in the tank is needed. According to the knowledge of fractional calculus theory, a fractional order PID control was proposed. This control extended the traditional PID control to the fractional order domain. The Oustaloup algorithm was used to realize the transformation of the traditional PID control from point to surface to obtain higher control accuracy. To adjust parameters of the fractional order PID controller, a fuzzy fractional order PID controller was proposed by introducing the fuzzy control algorithm in combination with the intelligent control theory, to realize online adjustment of parameters and compare with the traditional control. Simulink toolbox was used to build the simulation platform of the level control system in the tank of beer filling machine controlled by fuzzy fractional PID. ·162· 包 装 工 程 2019 年 6 月 Compared with the traditional control, the fuzzy fractional PID controller can obtain good control performance indicators. Both dynamic and static indicators as well as anti-jamming ability were greatly improved. The method presented in this paper can obviously improve the control precision of liquid level in the cylinder, improve the efficiency of beer filling machine and quality of beer, and meet the requirements of industrial production.


Background: Positive communication between staff and parents is considered a basic principle for the successful implementation of family-centered care (FCC) and the formation of a good relationship between parents and neonates. Moreover, involvement in care depends on the communication and interaction of parents with healthcare providers, and cooperation between them leads to high-quality care for neonates. However, interaction and communication are still considered major challenges in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment. Since these challenges and communication barriers are different in various cultures and environments, they should be identified in the field. A literature review shows that no study has assessed the views of different members of the treatment team and parents on communication barriers in Iran. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the communication barriers related to personnel and parents for implementing FCC from the perspective of parents, physicians, nurses, and nursing managers. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 2021 - 2022 using the conventional content analysis approach in a NICU in Tehran, Iran. In this study, 26 semi-structured interviews and 10 field notes were used to collect data to reach data saturation. Results: Data analysis led to the emergence of two themes. The first theme was the unprofessional relationships of personnel, including two main categories of inappropriate professional behavior and lack of attention to personnel and working conditions of the ward. The second theme was mutually ineffective relationships between personnel and parents, including two main categories of the inappropriate attitude of personnel and parents toward each other and unsympathetic communication between personnel and parents. The themes showed the participants' experiences of communication barriers to the implementation of FCC in NICUs in Iran. Conclusions: Removing communication barriers between healthcare providers and parents requires developing a coherent, comprehensive, and unified training program to prepare and create integrated coordination among the treatment team and the family, creating a positive attitude toward FCC and the presence of parents, improving relationships, and giving further attention and support by managers to personnel and the conditions of the ward.


How to build a robust and accurate appearance model is a crucial problem in object tracking. However, in most existing tracking methods, the structures among the adjacent video frames and neighboring regions, which may be helpful to improve the representation capability of the appearance model, have not been fully exploited. In this paper, we propose a novel tracking method by taking into account these structures to represent the appearance model. First, we propose a novel graph-regularized structured support vector machine (GS-SVM) algorithm by combining manifold learning and structured learning. Then, the proposed GS-SVM algorithm is employed to build the appearance model and a novel tracking method is developed. This new tracker not only absorbs the advantage of structured learning that deals with the intermediate classification step existing in tracking-by-detection methods, but also exploits the geometry structures in the tracked results and neighboring regions. In addition, a hybrid update strategy is introduced to fit with the GS-SVM-based appearance model. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracking algorithm can outperform several state-of-the-art tracking methods in the benchmark dataset.


It describes a method for reducing transmission interference. The method includes determining an FM receiver is turned on. The method further comprises determining the FM receiver is tuned to the FM channel experiencing interference based communication from a transmitter of induction. The method further comprises transmitting frequency of the transmitter based communication a temporary induced frequency shift is adjusted.


Quantum dots (QDs) are zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials with charge confinement in all directions that significantly impact various applications. Metal-free organic quantum dots have fascinating properties such as size-dependent bandgap tunability, good optical absorption coefficient, tunability of absorption and emission wavelength, and low-cost synthesis. Due to the extremely small scale of the materials, these characteristics originated from the quantum confinement of electrons. This review will briefly discuss the use of QDs in solar cells and quantum dots lasers, followed by a more in-depth discussion of QD application in photodetectors. Various types of metallic materials, such as lead sulfide and indium arsenide, as well as nonmetallic materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, will be discussed, along with the detection mechanism.


The increase of the globalization economic activities, the gradual integration of markets and the continuous evolution of consumer's needs and desires have given firms new challenges that to try to innovate more and more. Under this new atmosphere that features the external and internal company's environment, it becomes necessary for company to fit itself in these changes in order to maintain its market place, and to face the aggressive competition in such an open world market. Hence, this study, The Influence of Product Innovation toward Consumer Behavior helps managements and academicians to understand consumer purchase intention in product innovation. This paper discuss if product innovation able to influence consumer purchase intention. With this understanding, managements and academicians able to plan and strategize before market the product. In addition, this study provides different insight of consumer behavior. This paper would lastly propose a conceptual framework of this study.


In situ shear tests were performed on soils reinforced by roots. Analytical models of soil‐root interaction presented in a companion paper were used to compute the forces in the roots and the contribution of the roots to the shearing resistance of the soil‐root system. General agreement between measured and computed shearing resistances was taken as verification of the analytical models. Results of the computations also showed the influence of the dimensions of the shear box on the measured shear strength. The shear strengths measured by the in situ tests were found to be less than the shear strength along a potential slip surface in slope stability problems. Methods for estimating the shear strengths for stability analysis are presented.


In this paper, we consider infinite sums of the reciprocals of the Fibonacci numbers. Then applying the floor function to the reciprocals of this sums, we obtain a new identity involving the Fibonacci numbers.


Cryoglobulins are defined as immunoglobulins that precipitate in cold and dissolve on rewarming. Cryoglobulinaemia (CG) presents various symptoms including cutaneous purpura, ulcers, life-threatening renal failure, vasculitic abdominal involvement, pulmonary haemorrhage, and central nervous system involvement. We describe a patient with severe CG type I due to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), who showed formation serum cryoprecipitates at a temperature as high as 25 C. A 63-year-old Japanese man had a 43-year history of purpura on the ears and legs, which appeared in winter and resolved in spring. Last autumn, he was referred to our hospital due to severe purpura on the limbs, coalescing into multiple, painful cutaneous ulcers (Fig. 1a and b). A skin biopsy taken from a purpuric area on the leg showed leucocytoclastic vasculitis with thrombosis in the upper dermis. Laboratory testing revealed that the patient s serum precipitated at 4 C and reversibly dissolved at 37 C. Immunoelectrophoresis analysis of the serum detected a monoclonal IgG kappa protein; however, serum immunoglobulin concentration was within the normal range (826– 1840 mg ⁄ dL) at 895 mg ⁄ dL. A bone-marrow biopsy, measurement of M protein in the urine, and bone scan of the whole body were normal. Screening for hepatitis virus B and C, antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor, was negative. CG is classified into three subtypes according to the accumulated immunoglobulins. Type I CG has cryoprotein consisting of monoclonal IgA, IgG, or IgM, which is most often due to underlying multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom s macroglobulinaemia. Type II is characterized by polyclonal immunoglobulins in association with a monoclonal immunoglobulin. Type III consists of mixed cryoglobulins of polyclonal immunoglobulins. Thus, the diagnosis was determined as CG type I due to MGUS. PD


Gentrification is a phenomenon in which increased rent resulting from the influx of huge capital forces the existing inhabitants out of a city to its outskirts. Previously confined mostly to residential area, it is now found almost everywhere as well as particular areas such as commercial zones. There have been many case studies and theories on gentrification in other countries, but in Korea the studies are short in history, a direct application of the western theories has its limitation, and such application may lead only to different results from reality. Gentrification is an ongoing phenomenon, but it has a lot of controversy with different scholars having different opinions and concepts about it. In addition, the actual phenomena in the downtown areas are going on differently in different countries or in different cities. This paper discusses the gentrification phenomenon happening in the original downtown area in Busan Metropolitan City. The Jungang-dong area, dubbed as the original downtown area in Busan, was the center of art settled by the artists who took refugee before and after the Korean War. However, in 1998, it went through a period of rapid economic recession as the central business district shifted away to other area with the relocation of the city hall buildings. The city government created 'Totatoga,' a space rental project for starting publication utilizing the empty space of the buildings, for the purpose of revitalizing the area as part of the urban regeneration initiative. As time went on, the area began to recover its vitality but met with an unexpected gentrification phenomenon. Though the area regained its vitality, it soon became the magnet for newly established shopping malls, leading to a gradual raise in the rents which forced out the residents who had previously settled there. Regarding this, the city government has enacted an ordinance to prevent this gentrification phenomenon and strengthened its support for the affected residents. However, the artists who moved in here faced various problems because they were the group formed not spontaneously. The city government has presented a guideline for their exchanges with local residents, but in many cases, such regulation is not enough to reinvigorate a community. In addition, since they have to go through an evaluation process for their works after the termination of their contracts, they are not in a good position to freely act and speak out their minds, so profound efforts should be made to address this issues.


Due to the clear physical meaning, Priestley's evolutionary spectral theory is extensively employed in the characterization, modeling and simulation of multivariate nonstationary excitation processes and their effects on structures. However, there is a limitation in this theory that the coherence function must be a time-invariant function. This study addresses the evolutionary spectra-based sigma-oscillatory process theory which permits modeling of time-varying coherence function. Then, the conventional analysis framework of alongwind tall building response is extended to consider the time-varying coherence. The whole framework of modeling and response analysis are applied to the measured downburst winds. More importantly, the influence of timevarying coherence of non-stationary alongwind loads on tall building response is investigated. Results show that use of time-invariant coherence function may significantly underestimate the alongwind tall building response to nonstationary winds in comparison with the time-varying coherence function.


Limited public health services in remote areas, where the lack of transportation infrastructure, facilities, communication facilities and minimal medical personnel, especially for areas with underdeveloped, foremost, and regular (3T) status. The limitation of medical personnel is one of the factors for the high mortality rate of heart disease. On the other hand, the development of information technology, especially in the field of computing, is very fast in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, but not yet used optimally, especially in the health sector. This study aims to develop a system or software that can replace a doctor for the process of identifying heart defects based on an expert system. Expert system developed with the certainty factor with multiple rule approach. System testing is carried out from the results of the system validity with experts, so that the system test results produce a certainty factor value for a normal heart of 0.95 and an accuracy level of 95%, while the certainty factor (CF) value for an abnormal heart is 0.99 and produces an accuracy rate of 99%.


The review covers global trends in cell therapy research and clinical trials aimed at the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Some definitions are provided and mechanisms of action of cell products studied to date are listed.


Inorganic materials with layered perovskite structures have a wide range of physical and chemical properties. Layered perovskites based on BaLanInnO3n+1 (n = 1, 2) were recently investigated as protonic conductors. This work focused on the oxygen ion and proton transport (ionic conductivity and mobility) in alkali-earth (Sr2+, Ba2+)-doped layered perovskites based on BaLa2In2O7. It is shown that in the dry air conditions, the nature of conductivity is mixed oxygen–hole, despite the dopant nature. Doping leads to the increase in the conductivity values by up to ~1.5 orders of magnitude. The most proton-conductive BaLa1.7Ba0.3In2O6.85 and BaLa1.7Sr0.15In2O6.925 samples are characterized by the conductivity values 1.2·10−4 S/cm and 0.7·10−4 S/cm at 500 °C under wet air, respectively. The layered perovskites with Ruddlesden-Popper structure, containing two layers of perovskite blocks, are the prospective proton-conducting materials and further material science searches among this class of materials is relevant.


Field oriented (FOC) and direct torque and flux (DTFC) control of AC drives are credited with fast torque response, but, in general purpose sensorless AC drives, the on-line software and hardware control effort and their reliability may seem prohibitive for general applications or, at least for synchronous motors, a starting strategy is necessary. The present paper presents a novel class of V/f sensorless AC general drives with two stabilizing loops-one based on active flux balance and one based on speed error-that provide fast speed dynamics response without steady state error, without speed or current regulators; flux weakening conditions are built in. The exposition of principles is followed by exemplification for IMs, SPMSM, IPMSM, and DC excited SMs and by digital simulations on a PM-RSM (with weak PMs and reasonably high magnetic saliency Ld/Lq>3). Rather promising fast dynamics performance is obtained, in digital simulations for a PM-RSM case study, but more theoretical and then experimental work (which is under way) are needed to fully establish the proposed solutions as practical.


: This paper employed the famous ARIMA(p,d,q) model to forecast the operating cost accounts of selected mining company in Mindanao, Philippines. The operating cost includes but is not limited to personnel costs subdivided into salaries, wages & allowances, 13th-month pay and bonuses, other fringe benefits, leave commutation, SSS, medicare employer's contributions, HDMF employer's contribution, Philhealth employer's contribution, mess supplies and foodstuff, hospital and medical expenses, training and seminars, retirement/pension expenses, and sports and recreational expenses. The simulation result showed that the ARIMA(1,0,1) model appeared to be the statistically appropriate model to forecast the operating cost specifically for the salaries and wages prediction of the identified mining company. A forecasted salary and wage cost of 42,387,500 pesos was predicted for the years 2021-2023.


Abstract The first synthesis of cotarnone (2), a degradation product of cotarnine (1), was achieved from 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (o-vanillin), and 2 can be converted to 1 by a known method.


The pulmonary lung nodule is the most common indicator of lung cancer. An efficient automated pulmonary nodule detection system aids the radiologists to detect the lung abnormalities at an early stage. In this paper, an automated lung nodule detection system using a feature descriptor based on optimal manifold statistical thresholding to segment lung nodules in Computed Tomography (CT) scans is presented. The system comprises three processing stages. In the first stage, the lung region is extracted from thoracic CT scans using gray level thresholding and 3D connected component labeling. After that novel lung contour correction method is proposed using modified convex hull algorithm to correct the border of a diseased lung. In the second stage, optimal manifold statistical image thresholding is described to minimize the discrepancy between nodules and other tissues of the segmented lung region. Finally, a set of 2D and 3D features are extracted from the nodule candidates, and then the system is trained by employing support vector machines (SVM) to classify the nodules and non-nodules. The performance of the proposed system is assessed using Lung TIME database. The system is tested on 148 cases containing 36408 slices with total sensitivity of 94.3%, is achieved with only 2.6 false positives per scan.


Contents Chapter One: Introduction Chapter Two: Epigraphic Analysis Chapter Three: Philological Analysis Chapter Four: Grammatical Analysis Chapter Five: Stylistic Analysis Chapter Six: Textual Analysis


High-vector density planar velocity fields were obtained for an incompressible mixing layer using particle image velocimetry (PIV) for the purpose of determining spatial correlations of velocity fluctuations and linear stochastic estimates of the large-scale structures. The linear stochastic estimates were calculated based on the deformation tensor. The velocity ratio of the mixing layer was 0.575, and the density ratio was unity. At the location where the PIV images were obtained, Re x = 1.8 × 10 5 , Reδ ω = 1.1 × 10 4 , and the pairing parameter was Rx/λ = 8


This article introduces the design idea of CAI courseware of all-purpose multimedia. It also introduces the process of development taking the experiment of microcomputer principle as an example,and discusses the use of multimedia computer assisted instruction in the teaching.


This article examines the current rise of Western nationalism. The deleterious effects of globalization have inflicted a narcissistic injury on vulnerable groups in Western society. The affected masses seek affiliation with an ideology that empowers them and that has the potential to effect change in their favor. A range of security issues are inherent in this psychopolitical phenomenon, including a rise in ethno-nationalist terrorism. Policy makers must reconsider global policy in a manner that takes this psychopolitical phenomenon into consideration. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol10/ iss4/2


The paper presents some experimental data about the liquid hot isostatic processing (L.H.I.P.) process applied to ATSi5Cu1 aluminum alloy, most utilized in the Romanian machines building industry. L.H.I.P. treatment reduced the pores mean size by about 1/3, the volume fraction by one order of magnitude and the shrinkage voids in number and volume. All experimental data, were obtained in the specific testing laboratory from Transilvania University of Brasov.


Low power system design is important for system-on-chip design where communication takes place at higher data rate to realise the system functionality. Low power coding reduces energy by reducing self-switching activity or coupling switching activity. But under typical network-on-chip (NOC) system, we require a low power coding scheme to handle different kinds of data traffic from different IP core at different instant and different places in system-on-chip (SOC). As single low power coding scheme will not solve all application demands, a correlation analysis based adaptive data coding scheme is presented. Based on the classification of data traffic as low, moderate and highly correlated, different coding scheme is applied. The proposed system is simulated in labVIEW FPGA tool for the USRP RIO target. Based on comparative analysis of power consumption between the existing coding schemes and proposed adaptive scheme 25% energy saving is achieved at the worst case scenario.


Ultrastructural alternations in the in the gill architecture of the mangrove crab Sesarma brocki were observe on chronic exposure to 10% and 30% of the 96hr LC50-value (10.91 mg/l) of copper. In the gill tissue of control crab gill epithelial cell and pillar cell nucleus were having dispersed chromatin, abundance of mitochondria was visualized. In the gill cells of low toxicity exposed crab condensation of chromatin, swelling of mitochondria and numerous vesicles were seen. High sublethal toxicity inflicted crab gill tissue revealed fragmentation of chromatin and infiltration of nephrocytes also called as podocytes into the haemolymph spaces were observed. The present remarkable ultrastructural alterations on exposure to copper could serve as "Biomarker" for assessing heavy metal toxicity in the aquatic environment.


Rationale The competition ELISA assay is used to determine the potency of US standardized allergen extracts. We have been concerned that the competition ELISA is not sensitive to changes in individual allergen levels. This study was designed to determine the sensitivity of the competition ELISA to detect the specific loss of Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 in cockroach extracts.


Abstract To effectively improve the precision matching technique of measurement point set and design point set for hull blocks, an accurate point set matching method for hull blocks with engineering constraints (verticality, levelness, symmetry, flatness, etc.) and elimination
 error points is presented. It is divided into initial matching and refine matching. In initial matching, the improved Random Sample Consensus algorithm is proposed to eliminate error points rapidly and accurately; the improved Coherent Point Drift algorithm is proposed to obtain more accurate
 initial matching. In refine matching, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to obtain each weight of engineering constraints automatically, and the weight vector is introduced into the multi-optimization objective function to achieve the more reasonable matching results. The results proved
 that this method can rapidly and automatically eliminate error points, and get more accurate and reasonable results meeting engineering constraints. It can provide the basis for the subsequent assembly of hull blocks.


Japanese triptych print shows the interior of a foreign settlement house with several women and men enjoying a tea party, and a view of ships in the harbor in the background, Yokohama, Japan.
Title from item.
Signature: Yoshitora ga.
Seal date: Cock 12.
Triptych matted in separate sections: right (168a), center (168b), left (168c).
From series entitled: Gokakoku jinbutsu (People of five nations).
Annotation in pencil on mounts: Yoshitora, Foreign Settlement House, Yokohama, part 1; 9942.3-26 ; Foreign Settlement House, Yokohama, part 2 ; Foreign Settlement House, Yokohama, part 3.
Annotations, stamps, etc. on verso of print: 47623a (white label); 137.
Yokohama : prints from nineteenth-century Japan / Ann Yonemura. Washington, D.C. : Arthur M. Sackler Gallery : Smithsonian Institution Press, c1990, no. 52 (p. 139)
Earlier control number: 9942.3-26.
Gift; Mrs. E. Crane Chadbourne; 1930; (DLC/PP-1930:47623a).
Forms part of: Chadbourne collection of Japanese prints (Library of Congress).
Former call number of no. 168c: FP 2 - Chadbourne, no. 141


This book chapter investigated the place of backtesting approach in financial time series analysis in choosing a reliable Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) Model to analyze stock returns in Nigeria. To achieve this, The chapter used a secondary data that was collected from www.cashcraft.com under stock trend and analysis. Daily stock price was collected on Zenith bank stock price from October 21st 2004 to May 8th 2017. The chapter used nine different GARCH models (standard GARCH (sGARCH), Glosten-Jagannathan-Runkle GARCH (gjrGARCH), Exponential GARCH (Egarch), Integrated GARCH (iGARCH), Asymmetric Power Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) (apARCH), Threshold GARCH (TGARCH), Non-linear GARCH (NGARCH), Nonlinear (Asymmetric) GARCH (NAGARCH) and The Absolute Value GARCH (AVGARCH) with maximum lag of 2. Most the information criteria for the sGARCH model were not available due to lack of convergence. The lowest information criteria were associated with apARCH (2,2) with Student t-distribution followed by NGARCH(2,1) with skewed student t-distribution. The backtesting result of the apARCH (2,2) was not available while eGARCH(1,1) with Skewed student t-distribution, NGARCH(1,1), NGARCH(2,1), and TGARCH (2,1) failed the backtesting but eGARCH (1,1) with student t-distribution passed the backtesting approach. Therefore with the backtesting approach, eGARCH(1,1) with student distribution emerged the superior model for modeling Zenith Bank stock returns in Nigeria. This chapter recommended the backtesting approach to selecting reliable GARCH model.


Implant alignment in knee arthroplasty has been identified as critical factor for a successful outcome. Human error during the registration process for imageless computer navigation knee arthroplasty directly affects component alignment. This cadaveric study aims to define the error in the registration of the landmarks and the resulting error in component alignment.

Five fresh frozen cadaveric limbs including the hemipelvis were used for the study. Five surgeons performed the registration process via a medial parapatellar approach five times. In order to identify the gold standard point, the soft tissues were stripped and the registration was repeated by the senior author. Errors are presented as mm or degrees from the gold standard registration.

The error range in the registration of the femoral centre in the coronal plane was 6.5mm laterally to 5.0mm medially (mean: −0.1, SD: 2.7). This resulted in a mechanical axis error of 5.2 degrees valgus to 2.9 degrees varus (mean: 0.1, SD: 1.1). In the sagittal plane this error was between −1.8 degrees (extension) and 2.7 degrees (flexion). The error in the calculation of the tibial mechanical axis ranged from −1.0 (valgus) to 2.3 (varus) degrees in the coronal plane and −3.2 degrees of extension to 1.3 degrees of flexion. Finally the error in calculating the transepicondylar axis was −11.2 to 6.3 degrees of internal rotation (mean: −3.2, SD: 3.9).

The error in the registration process of the anatomical landmarks can result in significant malalignment of the components. The error range for the mechanical axis of the femur alone can exceed the 3 degree margin that has been previously been associated with implant longevity. The technique during the registration process is of paramount importance for image free computer navigation. Future research should be directed towards simplifying this process and minimizing the effect of human error.


The experimental study of cold atoms kicked by a pulsed optical standing wave and falling under gravity has led to the important discovery of the "quantum accelerator modes" (QAMs). It is shown that QAMs in the absence of gravity can feature a rotational quasiregularity which cannot be found in the usual QAMs. Thus, QAMs with non-accelerating quasiregular segments may be used to control the quantum motion of atoms in a way which is not possible in the presence of gravity. Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.


No reference (NR) method is the most difficult issue of image quality assessment (IQA), which does not need the original image or its features as reference and only depends on the statistical law of the natural images. So, the NR-IQA is a high -level evaluation for image quality and simulates the complicated subjective process of human beings. This paper presents a NR-IQA metric based on Hidden Markov Tree (HMT) model. First, the HMT is utilized to model natural images, and the statistical properties of the model parameters are analyzed to mimic variation of image degradation. Then, by estimating the deviation degree of the parameters from the statistical law the distortion metric is constructed. Experimental results show that the proposed image quality assessment model is consistent well with the subjective evaluation results, and outperforms the existing models on difference distortions.


SUMMARY This paper reviews the literature on chlorogenic acids and related compounds, in particular that published since the author's previous review in 1985. Aspects discussed are their occurrence and behaviour during coffee roasting, their absorption and metabolism, possible effects on the consumer, and on the stability of coffee products. RESUME


Objectives: To estimate the number of female sex workers in certain area and to provide some references for the prevention and control of AIDS and other venereal diseases in this area. Methods: Multiplication method was applied. Venereal disease clinics in three districts of this area were designated as the target agency. The prostitutes accessing the three clinics during certain period were counted (the number is designated as r), and then a sample of 363 prostitutes were chosen to count the number of these people who visited the three clinics during certain period (the reciprocal of the number is designated as m). Estimates of the number of sex workers in this area were calculated by r×m. Results: The estimates of the number of sex workers in the three districts were 13957, 11652, 12567 respectively, with the total of 38176 for the whole area. Conclusion: Multiplication method is convenient and feasible in estimating the number of sex workers.


This article describes the genesis of Lenin's interest to the electrification of the country. The formation and the organization of GOELRO Commission work is also considred.


If a collision with an elevator car is to be prevented via singly improving a height of a floor stand part circumferential wall of an elevator overhaul stand, the problem that a collision with the elevator car may be generated and singly improving the height of the floor stand part circumferential wall of the elevator overhaul stand is not allowed. The invention provides an elevator overhaul stand, which is installed in an elevating passage of an elevator in a foldable way and is used when performing maintenance and overhaul of a control panel disposed in the elevating passage. The elevator overhaul stand is provided with a floor component capable of being supported on a support component disposed along the wall part of the elevating passage in a rotatable mode and a support stem capable of supporting the floor component at a horizontal state. The floor component is provided with a stand part capable of providing stand for people, a stand part circumferential wall vertically disposed at the periphery of the stand part, and a circumferential wall side plate capable of being supported on the stand part circumferential wall in a moveable way, and can change the height of the circumferential wall via making the circumferential wall side plate protrude upwards from the stand part circumferential wall.


The article has summarily discussed distinct methods of thin gas bearing sandstone layer in Penglaizhen Formation of Upper Jurassic in Xinchang gas field, western Sichuan. On the base of establishing depositional framework by studying reservoir microfacies, other equivalent geophysical models were established through analyzing geological characteristics of reservoir, country rock of reservoir and nongas bearing sandstone, as well as combination of geology characteristics with information of logging and earthquake. Through above studies,the depositional microfacies were summarized and distribution regularity of reservoirs in Pengluizhen Formation was obtained.


Abstract SrBi5FeTi4O18 belongs to the family of bismuth layer structured ferroelectrics. The samples studied were prepared by the double sintering method. The impedance and dielectric measurements were performed in the temperature range from room temperature to 600°C. From the impedance data, AC conductivity was computed both as a function of frequency, as well as temperature. Complex impedance diagrams are nearly semicircles in the high temperature and high frequency range. The impedance data below 500°C indicated Debye type relaxations. The poled sample indicated a Curie temperature of 580°C. The sample under consideration was found to be a weakly ferromagnetic material at room temperature with a coercive field of 7.08 × 102 G as evidenced by the B—H loop.


In this investigation, the nature of the electrostatic discharge (ESD) that occurs when a charged object moves toward a stationary grounded object is experimentally clarified. The spark lengths, discharge currents, and induced voltages in a magnetic probe were measured when a charged metallic spherical electrode connected to a 422 pF capacitor approached a stationary grounded object, which was the current target, for different moving speeds of the charged metallic spherical electrode in a range of 1 mm/s to 100 mm/s. The charge voltages of the capacitor were +6.5 kV and +10 kV. Based on the results, the average gap length shortened with the speed of the spherical electrode. The average peak values of the discharge current and the induced voltage were likely to increase with the speed of the spherical electrode. The average rise times of the discharge current and the induced voltage were likely to drop with the speed of the spherical electrode. The relation between the spark length and the discharge current due to the ESD can be explained qualitatively by using an equation derived from the spark resistance formula proposed by Rompe and Weizel.


In this paper, to cope with the shortage of sufficient theoretical support resulted from the fast-growing quantitative financial modeling, we investigate two classes of generalized stochastic volatility models, establish their well-posedness of strong solutions, and conduct the stability analysis with respect to small perturbations. In the first class, a multidimensional path-dependent process is driven by another multidimensional path-dependent process. The second class is a generalized one-dimensional stochastic volatility model with H\"older continuous coefficients. What greatly differentiates those two classes of models is that both the process and its correlated driving process have their own subdifferential operators, whose one special case is the general reflection operators for multi-sided barriers. Hence, the models investigated fully cover various newly explored variants of stochastic volatility models whose well-posedness is unknown, and naturally serve as the rigorous mathematical foundation for new stochastic volatility model development in terms of multi-dimension, path-dependence, and multi-sided barrier reflection.


Optically active poly(amide-imide) oligomers were synthesized by direct polycondensation between an aromatic diamine and a dicarboxylic acid both containing a diphenylsilylene unit. The reaction was carried out using triphenyl phosphite/pyridine in the presence of CaCl2 and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent. Oligomers were obtained in good yields and showed high solubility in common aprotic polar solvents. The precursors, monomers and poly(amide-imide) oligomers were characterized using elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared and NMR (1H, 13C, 29Si) spectroscopy. Additionally, the main vibrations of the functional groups (CO, CC or NH) in the oligomers with respect to temperature were characterized using Raman spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature was determined by studying the Raman spectra and corroborated using differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal stability was studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The molecular mass of the compounds was obtained from matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and their optical properties were analyzed using UV-visible diode array spectrophotometry. The electronic properties of the oligomers as well as the delocalization of charge carriers within their structures were analyzed using conductance-voltage curves, which showed that these materials are excellent candidates for integrated optoelectronic applications. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry


The invention belongs to the technical field of snuff products and relates to jujube-flower-flavored snuff made from pure natural materials and a production method of the snuff. The snuff is made from the natural materials including, by weight, 100-500 parts of green tea, 0.05-0.35 part of musk, 50-150 parts of magnolia flower, 10-90 parts of honeylocust fruit, 100-300 parts of perilla leaf, 0.1-0.4 part of borneol, 0.03-0.10 part of Manchurian wildginger, 0.01-0.09 part of rhinoceros horn, 5-15 parts of notopterygium root, 25-125 parts of tobacco, 2-6 parts of agilawood, 2-6 parts of clove bud, 5-25 parts of angelica root, 2-6 parts of menthol, and 50-150 parts of wine. The snuff smoked with jujube flower has a light scent of the jujube flower. The snuff is refreshing, clears nasal cavity and helps quit smoking.


Natural and anthropogenic factors having a progressive impact on desertization in Iraq are analyzed in this paper, some concrete undertakings to diminish its negative influence on the process of urbanization and agriculture are suggested. The problem is considered within the frames of research on natural, physiogeographic and geologic-structural environmental conditions in the country. Th e author points out that the main direction in controlling progressive desertization is creating a restraining strategy: that is, making use of underground fresh and low subsaline water, constructing dams and sea-walls to intercept high waters, creating water-storage reservoirs in place of dewatered swamps, drop irrigation of fruit planting, finding legal solutions to the problem in distribution of the Tiger and the Euphrates water resources among neighbouring countries.


This study retrospectively identifies and characterizes patients with facial palsy related to birth trauma and describes the natural history of this disorder. The records of infants born with facial weakness or paralysis over a 5-year period at Brigham and Women's Hospital were reviewed, and criteri


for old-age and survivors insurance to reach full maturi ty, it is still in its childhood. The number of beneficiaries today is only a fraction of the number who will be receiving benefits 1 0 or 1 5 years hence. Acceptance by employers and workers of the idea of social insurance protection for old people and survivors, however, has been little short of phenomenal. This general acceptance is the more remarkable because of widespread opposition to the idea of social insurance—even on the par t of organized labor until 1932—before the passage of the Social Security Act. I n preceding decades, moreover, there had been relatively little public demand for old-age and survivors in surance, though much general in terest in unemployment insurance. Wha t was probably the first public study of old-age dependency in this country, t h a t of the Massachusetts Commission on Old Age Pensions, Annuities, and Insurance, 1 9 0 8 0 9 , recommended against government protection for old people through either insurance or public assistance. The prevailing reason given by the commission was tha t lightening the obligation of children to provide for their parents would tend to destroy the ties between parent and child and promote the disintegration of the family. By the time the Social Security Act was passed, six more States had authorized studies of pensions and insurance, but only in Pennsylvania had a commission recommended the adoption of contributory insurance as a long-range measure. Before 1 9 3 5 , most of the pressure had been for State old-age "pensions" or assistance, on a needs basis, and for the Townsend Plan—flat payments to all old people. The former had resulted in enactment of old-age assistance laws by more than half the States; the latter, in an organized movement of old people which put great pressure on Congress. As early as 1 9 3 1 , however, President Roosevelt, then Governor of New York State, urged establishment of contributory old-age insurance in t ha t State, and in 1934 , in a message to Congress, he urged it for the Nation.


We consider a semi-infinite spatially dispersive dielectric with unequal transverse and longitudinal susceptibilities. The effect of the boundary is characterized by arbitrary reflection coefficients for polarization waves in the material that propagate to the surface. Specific values of these coefficients correspond to various additional boundary conditions (ABC) for Maxwell's equations. We derive the electromagnetic reflection and transmission coefficients at the boundary and investigate their dependence on material parameters and ABC. We also investigate the electromagnetic zero-point and thermal spectral energy density outside the dielectric. The nonlocal response removes the boundary divergence of the spectral energy density that is present in a local model. The spectral energy density shows a large dependence on the difference between the transverse and longitudinal susceptibilities, even at distances up to 10nm from the boundary.


The phenomenal sales, within the evangelical market, of prints by Ron DiCianni have made him one of the most commercially successful Christian artists of his time. An analysis of his immensely popular Heroes paintings reveal a pitch-perfect rhetoric of hypermasculinity that projects a Christian Right model of manhood embraced by many evangelicals in the early twentiety-first century. This article is thus an important corrective to scholarship that understates, if not neglects, the role of Christian Right ideology in the construction of evangelical ideals of masculinity.


The notion of a Douglas space of second kind of a Finsler space with $(\alpha, \beta)$-metric was introduced by I. Y. Lee [9]. Since then, so many geometers have studied this topic e. g., [14]. In this paper, we prove that a Douglas space of second kind with special $% (\alpha, \beta)$-metric $\alpha +\epsilon \beta + k \frac{\beta^2}{\alpha }$ is conformally transformed to a Douglas space of second kind. Further, we obtain some results which prove that a Douglas space of second kind with certain $(\alpha, \beta)$-metrics such as Randers metric, Kropina metric, first approximate Matsumoto metric and Finsler space with square metric is conformally transformed to a Douglas space of second kind.


Technologies based on focused ion beams have become indispensable for research institutions as well as commercial laboratories and high-tech production facilities (microand nanotechnology, semiconductor technology). We report on a compact setup combining an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), a Wien filter for ion species separation, and a fine focusing ion acceleration column capable of producing ion beams with beam diameters in the micrometer range at ion beam energies up to the MeV range. Almost all elements of the periodic system can be injected into the EBIS to produce a broad spectrum of ion charge states with only one ion source. The beam energy of a selected ion species can easily be varied by changing the electric potential of the EBIS drift tube in which the ions are generated, resulting in different implantation depths in various solids. We present studies on beam diameter and emittance, available charge states, and SEM imaging as application.


The oxidation of model soot by NO 2 and O 2 in the presence of a Ru/Na-Y catalyst under conditions close to automotive exhaust gas after-treatment systems is investigated. Isothermal oxidation experiments of a physical mixture of carbon black and catalyst were performed in a temperature range of 300-400 °C. A remarkable increase of the oxidation rate by NO 2 and O 2 in the presence of the Ru/Na-Y catalyst was observed. An overall mechanism involving oxygen transfer from the Ru catalyst to the carbon surface leading to an increase of C(O) complexes is proposed. These C(O) complexes are destabilized in the presence of NO 2 increasing the carbon oxidation rate.


The objective of this research paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the essence of the constitutional and legal regulation of personal status, which is the primary obligation of present-day national governments with respect to preserving and protecting major human values when globalisation processes are underway. Consistent and comprehensive human development, politicisation of the law, the elimination of poverty, the fight for equality, global economic injustice, the search for a new ideal constitutional model and other issues are relevant and are on the agenda for the entire global society. Countries with different economic levels of development, historical traditions, cultural origins, and legal systems have varying concepts of human rights, freedoms and duties, which they implement in practice in various ways. These issues are of paramount importance for Russia, which has equal participation rights in matters of international relations and in the system for global governance and international law making. Solving the problem of satisfying the national interest and preserving prestige and the standard of living of every person depends on the primary social responsibility of each person and on the active role of the modern state. Most of all, it is necessary to solve functional problems that are simultaneously political, scientific, organisational, and legal. The most important task here is to enhance the effectiveness of the activity of the state system and the local self-government authorities. To achieve its objective, the paper utilises general scientific-scholarly methods, and specific scientificscholarly research methods including those denominated concrete-historical, logically historical, system-based, comparative legal (law), among others.


Tripogon uma-ganeshii, a new species of Poaceae from the Horsley hills of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India, is described and illustrated. The new species is allied to Tripogon tirumalae Chorghe et al., and T. trifidus Munro ex Stapf, in having 2-lobed lemma and median awn longer than the lemma length; but differs from Tripogon tirumalae, in length of leaf blades and spikes, number of florets in spikelets, size of the glumes, lemmas and paleas. It differs from Tripogon trifidus, in height of the culms, nature of leaf sheath, length of leaf blades, number of florets in spikelets and size of the glumes.


The methods for estimating geothermal resources coexisted in oil and gas fields have been investigated and modified according to the difference between conventional and coproduced geothermal resources. The current status of geothermal resources coexisted in oil and gas fields in China has been reviewed and studied. The main factors that affect reservoir temperature have been investigated using numerical simulation. The modeling results showed that the decline rate of reservoir temperature decrease with the decrease in water reinjection rate but decrease with the increase in temperature of reinjected water. The advantages of power generation using geothermal energy coexisted in oil and gas reservoirs have been analyzed in comparison with using solar and wind energy. Some of the pilot projects of power generation using coproduced geothermal energy in the world have been appraised and discussed. "High efficiency method for producing oil-heat-electricity simultaneously" has been proposed after the feasibility of generating electricity using coproduced geothermal resources was proved. The method can meet the requirements from both enhanced oil recovery and developing geothermal energy. Finally, potential and prospect of efficiently developing and utilizing geothermal resources coexisted in oil and gas fields, especially electricity generation, have been analyzed and predicted.


Lycopene found mainly in tomato is known to prevent hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of tomato and tomato paste on lipid metabolism and glucose regulating enzyme activity in Mongolian gerbils fed a high fat diet. Gerbils of four groups were randomly divided; control (C), high fat diet (HF), high fat and 3% tomato diet (HT), high fat and 3% tomato paste diet (HP). The liver concentration of total lipid decreased significantly in HP group compared to HF group. The phospholipids level increased significantly in HT and HF groups compared with C group. The bile acid excretion into feces decreased significantly in HF and HT groups compared to C group. Plasma glucose level increased significantly in HF group compared to C group. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activities decreased significantly in high fat diet groups (HF, HT, HP) compared with C group. In conclusion, liver lipid concentration was decreased by supplementation of tomato. Tomato seems to be a beneficial effect on improving lipid metabolism induced by a high fat diet. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.


After Ukraine gained independence in 1991, the number of children's periodicals increased rapidly. There was a need not only to determine their quantitative characteristics, but also to analyze their qualitative content in accordance with the functions and purpose of children's periodicals in general - the education of a new generation of Ukrainians, and the legal direction in particular - the formation of a law-abiding citizen. The market of journal legal periodicals of Ukraine is quite saturated, among them there is a predominance of journals of a scientific and practical nature, which are usually published by higher educational institutions of the country, and editions for practitioners of jurisprudence, which are publications of specialized publishing houses, such as "Jurinkom Inter" or "Yurydychna Praktyka". The only legal magazine for children was "Abetka Prava", which was published in 2012-2013 by the editors of the all-Ukrainian legal magazine "Pravo Ukrayiny". There were six publications, but four issues (№1 and №2-4 in 2012 and №1 and №2 in 2013), with a print run of 300 copies of each issue in 2012 and 100 copies in 2013. Larisa Denysenko was the editor-in-chief. She was a lawyer, TV journalist and writer, who led the sections - the editor-in-chief's introduction, an interview, a story with a continuation, and practical exercises (co-authored). The authors of the materials were journalists, lawyers, philologists, psychologists and teachers. The rubric of the edition includes both permanent rubrics and those that were repeated in several issues or sounded only once. The topic of the publication's materials corresponds to the stated idea - a legal magazine for schoolchildren. Each issue of the magazine had a thematic nature and all texts were subordinated to certain aspects of the topic, were presented in different genre forms, where the authors tried to explain the essence of a certain human right, its nature, how it can be used, what are the legal mechanisms of protection and defense, and practical exercises contribute to consolidation of acquired knowledge and elementary skills of using one's constitutional right and protection against its violations.


Undeniably, the human need for computers is very high. Various human activities are now beginning lead to the use of computers. If we look for the meaning, the computer is a tool used for data processing. Sometimes in the use of computers get problems caused by excessive use that causes the computer to heat up so that it often happens that the name lag. This heat must be removed immediately so as not to damage other hardware components. Today's era, the cooling system for the CPU starts to lead to the use of heat pipes as coolants. This heat pipe can overcome the heat generated by the CPU which will help restore the performance of the CPU. Cooling by using heat pipes is done in a cascade or multilevel manner. The Cascade straight heat pipe in this test consisted of a single condenser and a double condenser which were both given 10 watts, 20 watts, 30 watts, 40 watts and 48 watts of load. This load represents the CPU condition when given a workload. The result is a double condenser cascade straight heat pipe which has a great influence on reducing CPU working temperature. Evidenced by the 48 watt load, the double condenser cascade straight heat pipe can reduce the temperature to 64.06°C Keyword : Computer cooling, heat pipe, cascade straight heat pipe Penulis korespondensi, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Steel, aluminium and G.R.P. are considered as construction materials for medium speed patrol craft of economic build. The mechanical properties of the various materials are compared and the influence of operational factors on the selection of the construction material is discussed.