Abstract Background Genomic profiling of blood-derived circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) which is considered as a minimally invasive biopsy, has several potential applications in the management of ovarian cancer, including selection of targeted therapy, drug resistance prediction and the evaluation of treatment response. Therefore, we conducted this study to characterize genomic alterations (GA) in ctDNA from patients with ovarian cancer and compare GA detected in ctDNA with those detected in tissue databases. Methods Hybrid capture-based next generation sequencing (NGS) genomic profiling of 150 genes was performed on ctNDA from 76 patients with ovarian cancer in a CAP-accredited laboratory. The GA detected in ctDNA were compared with the 3D Med tissue database tested by NGS (N = 260) and TCGA database tested by whole-exon sequencing (N = 587). The fraction of ctDNA was estimated using the maximum somatic allele frequency (MSAF). GAs including single nucleotide variation (SNV), insertions/deletions, copy number variations, gene rearrangement and fusions were assessed. Germline alterations were excluded. Results 89.5% (68/76) of patients (median age 57) detected ≥1 GA in ctDNA. Frequently altered genes detected in ctDNA for SNV were TP53 (52.6%), AR (11.8%), KRAS (9.2%), NOTCH2 (6.6%) and PIK3CA (5.3%) compared to 3D Med tissue database (median age 55) including 260 samples with TP53 (74.2%), AR (6.9%), KRAS (24.6%) NOTCH2 (11.5%) and PIK3CA (3.8%). In TCGA database including 587 patients with early stage diseases, the frequencies of the commonly altered genes detected in ctDNA were largely different with TP53 (65.9%), AR (1.0%), KRAS (1.0%), NOTCH2 (1.2%) and PIK3CA (2.6%). Alterations in five DNA damage repair associated-genes including BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, ATR, RAD50 and CHEK2 were detected in 14.5% (11/76) of patients in ctDNA database compared to 19.2% (50/260) of patients in 3D Med tissue database and 12.6% (74/587) of patients in TCGA database. Conclusions Our results suggest that genomic profiling of ctDNA could detected GAs in a significant subset of patients with ovarian cancer. Hybrid capture- NGS based ctDNA liquid biopsy has the potential capability to serve as an alternative to tissue biopsy and further studies are warranted. Legal entity responsible for the study NanJing GaoChun People's Hospital. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure Y. Zhang: Full / Part-time employment: 3D Medicines Inc. S. Cai: Full / Part-time employment: 3D Medicines Inc. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Purpose: Sever's disease, also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is a common condition in active, growing children. This condition presents as pain in the heel and is thought to be an overuse condition of the calcaneal apophysis. There are currently no defined radiographic diagnostic criteria for evaluation of Sever's disease, with radiographs generally showing normal appearance of the calcaneal apophysis. A better understanding of the relationship of Sever's disease and skeletal maturity may allow for improved interpretation …


Abstract Having experienced the practical realities of coexistence between religions first-hand while attending a secondary school in a district of the capital Jakarta in Indonesia, the author, Harry Harun Behr, considers what effect this nature of relationship has on children and youths. Picking up a question put forward by a former student, Behr examines whether interreligiosity helps people recognising what use a religion is to its followers. Habitually moving between different cultural and religious environments, Muslim students, in particular, are frequently challenged to determine their individual positions in relation to the other agents of the social fields. Establishing the own religious position in relation to other religions – with the own religion acting both as the point of departure and direc-tion – encourages students to develop and shape a "religious identity". This sug-gests that interreligiosity indeed represents an area of competence which must be considered an essential part of the cur...


Abstract The paper examines the role of critical thinking in an experience-based model of social work education. Within this model, the development of a critical approach to our own understanding of, as well as to existing knowledge about, the world is fundamental for students and educators alike. Critical thinking is defined as more than a rational, step-by-step problem-solving process; it is seen as the systematic application of critical thinking skills to real life situations that can only be learned and refined through practice within a particular discipline. It presumes a social constructionist understanding of the world whereby knowledge is a social construction; where the limits of knowledge are recognised; and where knowledge is seen as ever changing, even shifting and unstable. This is regarded as a very different process from learning to apply knowledge that one accepts uncritically as true, reliable and correct. Finally, creativity is viewed as pivotal to critical thinking and to preparing students for the ambiguities and complexities of social work practice. As well as describing the critical thinking components of the social work program, the paper shows how a critical thinking stance can be fostered in the classroom, reports on our ongoing evaluation of our attempts to teach students to think critically, and reports on the challenges and rewards experienced thus far.


In the study of Chinese aesthetics of the 20th century,Feng Zikai is always regarded as an artist.But with the further research of the theoretical study,his aesthetic theory emerged and attracted more attention from scholars.From the characteristics of his art theory of aesthetics,the background and the source of the theory will be probed,so that the research significance of Feng Zikai's art theory of aesthetics will be proved and his real position in the Chinese aesthetics of the 20th century will be established.


Legged robots are now one of the most trending fields of research in robotics. The ability of legged animals to loco mote through different terrains is the key behind the efforts in such research. As traditional wheeled vehicles are restricted to provide universal locomotion due to challenges faced in different terrains, these legged robots provide solutions for the same challenges. Legged robots can provide mobility in adverse conditions such as elevated, swampy or potholed province.This universal accessibility is possible due to various proximity sensors, breakthrough actuators and refined computing. Here in this paper we aim to investigate distinct progressions in making of quadruped robots [1].


We present a systematic construction of the most general first order Lagrangian describing an arbitrary number of interacting Maxwell and Proca fields on Minkowski spacetime. To this aim, we first formalize the notion of a Proca field, in analogy to the well-known Maxwell field. Our definition allows for a nonlinear realization of the Proca mass, in the form of derivative self-interactions. Consequently, we consider so-called generalized Proca/vector Galileons. We explicitly demonstrate the ghost-freedom of this complete Maxwell-Proca theory by obtaining its constraint algebra. We find that, when multiple Proca fields are present, their interactions must fulfill nontrivial differential relations in order to ensure the propagation of the correct number of degrees of freedom. These relations had so far been overlooked, which means previous multi-Proca proposals generically contain ghosts. This is a companion paper to the paper by Diez et al. [arXiv:1905.06967]. It puts on a solid footing the theory there introduced.


An integrated approach for new vehicle program launching and associated manufacturing systems deployment,is presented in this paper.To overcome weaknesses and difficulties in the traditional production distribution (PD) network models,the case based reasoning is first applied to generate an initial network configuration based on the collected localization case base.Secondly,and economic model of performance evaluation of existing manufacturing facilities is developed to identify the advantages in location sensitive production factors for various components in order to take full advantages of local and global production factors.Finally,a modified PD model is developed to optimize the overall network deployment.Various deployment scenarios,such as minimizing manufacturing cost,maximizing profitability or promotion of early market entry,can be analyzed and testified.A typical case study of launching a new vehicle program in China is also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.


The 48th International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) was held 19–16 May 1997 in Louisville, Kentucky and SEG, as usual, sponsored awards as an incentive to science research by young talented students all over the world.


The middle reaches of Heihe River are the essence parts of Heihe River, and its stability is directly related to the sustainable development of economy, society and ecology in this basin. But excessive use of water and soil resources caused by population increase and economic development since the 1960 s, has led to ecological environment deterioration and decrease of runoff flowing into lower reaches. In order to relieve water shortage and use water resources efficiently, the State Council approved plan of Water Reallocation of the Heihe River in 1997 to stipulate the water discharging of Zhengyi gorge. Under the stipulation, the flow coming from Yingluo gorge are under different assurance probabilities. As such, how to develop appropriate oasis scale using the limited water resources has become one of the important research subjects of sustainable development in the middle reaches of Heihe river. The research of suitable scale for oasis and cultivated land in arid region can provide the theoretical and technical guidance for sustainable utilization of regional water resources. Choosing Heihe river basin as the study area, hydro-meteorological data during 1954-2012 and land-use/cover data in 2000 and 2011 were used to analyze the variations of high and low flow for surface runoff in the middle reaches of Heihe River. A suitable oasis scale computation model was built based on water-heat balance, which included calculation of evapotranspiration of forest and grassland. According to Egyptian scholar M.M.Abd EI-Ghani's theory, the oasis was divided into three zones based on classification of vegetation. A suitable cultivated land scale was adopted and it combined with the suitable oasis model was used to calculate proportion of cultivated land in oasis. Combining the Markov chain based on GIS with suitable oasis scale model, using land use/cover data to calculate Markovian transition matrix, and then to calculate annual transition probability. Based on land use/cover data in 2011 and annual transition probability, oasis scale in 2015 and 2020 was predicted, and its suitability was evaluated. Results showed that the runoff in middle reach of Heihe river changed during the studied time period. The suitable oasis scale was 3 245-4 868, 2 635-3 953 and 2 422-3 633 km2 in high flow, normal flow and low flow years, respectively. The suitable cultivated land scale was 2 337, 2 004, 1 878 km2 accordingly. For the high flow year in 2011, scale of oasis and cultivated land were 4 035 and 2 366 km2. It was showed that when the cultivated land area exceeded the suitable scale, and the suitable scale of oasis and cultivated land in 2015 would expand to 4 155 and 2 527 km2, respectively. Although suitability index of oasis scale declined to 0.44-0.59, the suitable scale of oasis and cultivated land in year 2020 would expand to 4 304 and 2 719 km2, respectively. When the suitability index of oasis scale decreased 0.02-0.03 from the level in 2015, the scale of cultivated land area exceeded the suitable scale Suitable oasis scale is not only related to available agricultural water resources, also has close relationship with the oasis agriculture water saving level, future research should further consider the influence of water saving level on oasis scale.


The Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) comprises in one chip a planar antenna integrated with a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as Local Oscillator (LO) and a second SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for the FFO phase locking. A new generation of the SIR devices with improved FFO performance and optimized interface between FFO and SIS/HM has been developed and comprehensively tested. To overcome temperature constraints and extend operation frequency of the all-Nb SIR we have developed and studied Nb-AlN-NbN circuits with a gap voltage Vg up to 3.7 mV and extremely low leakage currents (Rj/Rn > 30). A possibility to phase lock the Nb-AlN-NbN FFO at any frequency in the frequency range 350-720 GHz has been experimentally demonstrated. Phase-locked SIR operation over frequency range 450 - 700 GHz has been realized, spectral resolution below 1 MHz has been confirmed by gas cell and CW signal measurements. An uncorrected double side band (DSB) noise temperature about 150 K has been measured for the SIR with phase-locked FFO. The intermediate frequency bandwidth 4- 8 GHz has been realized. To ensure remote operation of the phase-locked SIR several procedures for its automatic computer control have been developed and tested. Latest results on development of a single-chip SIR for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS) balloon project intended to measure a variety of stratosphere trace gases will be presented and discussed; the first flight is foreseen in November 2007. To overcome the limitations imposed by a regular room-temperature phase locking loop (PLL) system we propose cryogenic phase detector (CPD) based on a well-developed tunnel SIS junction. First results of the CPD development and study will be presented; main parameters of this novel device are estimated.


Cataract is an opacity that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye, due to alteration in some of its protein fibers, with the consequent impairment of visual acuity. The most effective and common treatment is to surgically remove the cloudy lens. In this process the crystalline lens are removed and the eye's refraction power is restored by inserting an artificial lens. Pha- coemulsification refers to modern cataract surgery in which the eye's internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic hand piece, and aspirated from the eye. Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution, thus maintaining the anterior chamber, as well as cooling the hand piece. The patient can be released soon after the operation. The problem of this procedure in some cases is thermal damage. This research addresses the aforementioned problem through an important parameter, different operating modes of the system. The proposed in-vitro approach has been investigated in details.


Comedic iterations of shock radio gained notoriety by pushing the boundaries of decency via sexually oriented speech. In recent years, the same shock aesthetics have been adapted to political talk shows, where hate speech now proliferates. This article examines Michael Savage and his program The Savage Nation as exemplary of this latest variant of shock radio, ultimately arguing that the proliferation of hate speech in politically-oriented programming is a result of the contemporary cultural and regulatory climate.


Economy Context Technological changes, along with the globalization of markets, are transforming industrial countries into knowledge-driven economies. This shift has made human capital one of the leading public policy themes. However, existing measures of investment do not allow policymakers to comprehend fully the implications of human capital on economic performance and technological advancement. This paper discusses the elements of a comprehensive definition of human capital and identifies the fundamental differences between human and physical capital. It shows that the main features of human capital and its differences with physical capital have implications for national income acounting, the classification of government expenditures, and the endogenous growth literature.


The concept of sharing measurement control system was proposed.A sharing measurement control system was constructed based on three coordinate measuring machine(CMM).The system adopts a three-point structure,in which the clients,server and the shared devices were separated.The users access to Internet through the computer to visit the server which manages the clients and sharing devices.This system realizes efficient management and share of devices.


The increasing emergence of multiple drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB poses a serious threat to the control of tuberculosis disease. Furthermore, it is reported that 79% of MDR- TB cases are 'super strains'. Here is the Aspartyl beta-semi aldehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) is an important enzyme, occupying the first branch position of the biosynthetic pathway of the aspartate family of amino acids in bacteria, fungi and higher plants. It catalyses reversible dephosphorylation of L: -beta-aspartyl phosphate (betaAP) to L: aspartate-beta-semialdehyde (ASA), a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-an essential component of cross linkages in bacterial cell walls. . It has been found that mtASADH exhibits structural features common to bacterial ASADH, while other structural motifs are not present. Structural analysis of various domains in mtASADH reveals structural conservation among all bacterial ASADH proteins. The results suggest that the probable mechanism of action of the mtASADH enzyme might be same as that of other bacterial ASADH. Analysis of the structure of mtASADH will shed light on its mechanism of action and may help in designing suitable antagonists against this enzyme that could control the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


ABSTRACT The significance of atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSE) in cattle for controlling the BSE epidemic is poorly understood. Here we report a case of atypical H-type BSE in a cow born after the implementation of the reinforced feed ban in Europe. This supports an etiology of H-type BSE unrelated to that of classical BSE.


The quad-rotor UAV formation trajectory optimization is the basis
of high precision tracking control. Researching the problem of quad-rotor
UAV formation trajectory optimization, firstly the nonlinear quad-rotor
UAV model is built and simplified, meanwhile the model parameters
are obtained; then the collision avoidance, the state variables constraints
and the control varibles constraints are considered; finally the hp-adaptive
pseudospectral method that select the discrete points adaptively is
used to convert the optimal control problem to be a nonlinear programming
problem. The smulation results shows, taking six quad-rotor UAV for
research objects, the optimal trajectory has a good effect whiling
satisfying the engineering requirements.


Background: The exposure of UG558 was not good enough using traditional microsuspensions. Aim: The aim of this study was to find out whether nanosuspensions were a better choice compared with a microsuspension, for an acidic substance with a water solubility in the order of 2 μM (pH 6.8, small intestinal pH) and no permeability limitations. Methods: UG558 was ground by a planetary ball mill. The particle size was measured by laser diffraction and the stability of the particle sizes was followed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of UG558 administered as nanosuspension have been compared with those from microsuspension using rat as in vivo specie. Both formulations were administered orally. The nanosuspension was also administered intravenously. Results: The particle size of the nanosuspensions was about 190 nm and about 12 μm for the microsuspensions. At the administered doses, solutions were no alternative (e.g. due to limited solubility). Already at the lowest dose, 5 μmol/kg (5 ml/kg), a significant difference was observed between the two suspensions. These results were further confirmed at a high dose (500 μmol/kg, 5 mL/kg). Thus, the study demonstrated a clear correlation between particle size and in vivo exposures, where the nanosuspensions provided the highest exposure. Furthermore, no adverse events were observed for the substance nor the nanosuspension formulations (i.e., the particles) in spite of the higher exposures obtained with the nanoparticles. To make it possible to calculate the bioavailability, 5 μmol/kg doses of the nanosuspensions (5 ml/kg) were also administered intravenously. No adverse events were observed. Conclusions: The nanoparticles have a larger surface, resulting in faster in vivo dissolution rate, faster absorption, and increased bioavailability, compared to microparticles. The lower overall bioavailability observed at the high dose, compared with the low dose, was due to a combination of low dissolution rate, low solubility, and a narrow intestinal absorption window for UG558.


Inthis paper, wepresent anovel approach whichemploys thetemporal redundancy ofvideotexts toimprove the performance oftextsegmentation andstroke extraction fromcomplex background. We first demonstrate howto obtain therequired aligned text image sequences fromvideo frames viaarobust corners-set matching scheme. Thenthe changing background pixels canbeidentified andremoved byexploiting thestatistics ofthetemporal redundancy of video.. Thetextstroke pixels canbeclearly separated from thecomplex background. Experiments onTVprograms and movies videos showtheproposed approach cangenerate clean textstrokes imagewhichcanefficiently improve the OCR'sperformance compare tosometraditional approaches.


This report describes the instrument development of PAPER for the detection of the faint HI signature of the Epoch of Reionization. The design of the RF components including dipole antenna, active balun, cable transmission system and radio frequency processor is described along with the measurement results. The future experiments are also mentioned in the report.


The objectives of this study were to know growth response and tolerance level of corn on application of extract weeds. The study was conducted in Green House and chemical laboratory of Department of Agronomy, Center for Empowering Teachers and Education Personnel Cianjur, West Java in September to December 2012. A split plot design consists of two factors of weeds extracts as main plot viz. no weed extract, and weeds extract of Amaranthus sp, Ageratum conyzoides, Imperata cylindrica and, corn variety as sub plot viz. Sukmaraga, Bhima, and Local. Variables observed were seed germination (%), germination rate (number of seedling/day), total root lenght (cm), hypocotil lenght (cm), root number, leaf number, leaf area (cm2), seedling fresh and dry weights (g). Imperata cylindrica and Amaranthus sp extracts mostly suppresed on the number of roots, number of leaves and dry weight of corn. Weeds extract decreased seed germination by more than 25% on all corn varieties.


This study aims to test and analyze the quality of service, corporate image, customer satisfaction, and word of mouth. This research was conducted at PT. BPR Krisna Yuna Dana, Gianyar Bali with the research population are all customers of PT BPR Krisna Yuna Funds both savings, time deposits and credits, a sample of 95 customers using proportionate sampling method. All data obtained from questionnaires are suitable for use, then analyzed using structural equation model based on variance analysis known as Partial Least Square (PLS).
The result of the research shows that service quality has positive and significant effect to customer satisfaction, service quality has positive and insignificant effect to company image, company image has positive and significant effect to customer satisfaction, service quality have positive and insignificant effect on word of mouth, positive and significant to word of mouth, corporate image has a positive and significant effect on word of mouth, corporate image can influence word of mouth through customer satisfaction and service quality can influence word of mouth through customer satisfaction.
The implication of this research is that service quality can be improved by paying attention to service guarantee, corporate image can be improved by paying attention to company management. Customer satisfaction can be improved by paying attention to customer satisfaction to product and word of mouth can be improved by paying attention to motivate friend / relation.


In this report, thin film deposition technologies using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor depositions (PECVD) are reviewed. First, the deposition kinetics of hydrogenated amorphous silicon are described. Secondly, various kinds of PECVD are explained and their use in the application of thin films to display devices such as active matrix liquid crystal displays and field emission displays are described.


The invention relates to a drier 1 having a drying chamber 3 for the articles to be dried, a process air duct 2, a blower 12 in the process air channel 2, a heat pump 19, 20, 21, 22 with a heat sink 19 and a thermally coupled with the process air duct heat source 20, and an electric heater 11. The electric heater 11 is disposed in close proximity to the heat source 20th In addition, the invention relates to a method for operating this dryer. 1


Rio Grande do Sul showed in the last five years a significant increase in the population coverage provided by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The changes in the organization of Primary Care proposed by the FHS already demonstrated in the great urban centers improvement in the access and other attributes of Primary Care services, as demonstrated in studies that evaluated indicators of child health when comparing the FHS with the traditional Primary Care services. This study sought analyzing the association between the population coverage of the FHS and the coverage of citopathological exams of the uterine colon among women between 25 and 59 years of age in cities of Rio Grande do Sul. This is an ecological study that used the base of secondary data of the DATASUS originating from SISPACTO over the period January to December 2006. One of the indicators of the health pact was chosen for evaluating the actions directed to women's health – the number of cervicovaginal citopathological exams performed in the population of interest. The data were stratified into 6 groups according to the population coverage in the cities (without FHS, up to 20%, from 20% to 40%, from 40% to 60%, from 60% to 80% and more than 80% of coverage). For evaluating the influence of the population size, cities with less than 10 thousand inhabitants were compared with the others. The analysis was performed using the software SPSS v13.0 for variance analysis and post hoc test (Turkey) for comparison between the coverage groups and T test for comparison of means according to the population size. As a result, one group of greater coverage showed a statistically significant difference from the group with less than 60% of coverage (p<0,05). It has to be noted that in the covered groups there is a statistically significant difference between the ratios of citopathological exams (CP) according to the population size. Analyzing only the cities with more than 10 thousand inhabitants, we observe that cities with more than 60% of coverage presented a ratio of CP exams statistically higher than those wit up to 20% (p<0,01). These findings show that changes in the organizational model of care through a greater FHS coverage in the cities are also associated with an improvement of the indicators of women's health actions.


This paper deals with optimal design strategy of the connected control method for flexible structures with same dynamic properties. One of the authors had already proposed effectiveness of connected control method for vibration control of flexible structures arranged in parallel. However, its control performance reduces as the natural frequencies of structures become closer. Therefore, the authors have presented a modified control mechanism in which the actuators are connected to the structures with a difference in its connecting position using long arms. However, its optimal design strategy of vibration control device has not been established yet. In this report, the optimal design strategy of passive control is derived. Computer simulations and experiments are carried out and the effectiveness of the presented optimal design strategy is confirmed.


Diffusion imaging is a promising technique as it can provide microstructural tissue information and thus potentially show viable changes in spinal cord. However, the traditional single‐shot imaging method is limited as a result of various image artifacts. In order to improve measurement accuracy, we used a newly developed, multi‐shot, high‐resolution, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) method to investigate diffusion metric changes and compare them with T2‐weighted (T2W) images before and after decompressive surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). T2W imaging, single‐shot DTI and multi‐shot DTI were employed to scan seven patients with CSM before and 3 months after decompressive surgery. High signal intensities were scored using the T2 W images. DTI metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD), were quantified and compared pre‐ and post‐surgery. In addition, the relationship between imaging metrics and neurological assessments was examined. The reproducibility of multi‐shot DTI was also assessed in 10 healthy volunteers. Post‐surgery, the mean grade of cervical canal stenosis was reduced from grade 3 to normal after 3 months. Compared with single‐shot DTI, multi‐shot DTI provided better images with lower artifact levels, especially following surgery, as a result of reduced artifacts from metal implants. The new method also showed acceptable reproducibility. Both FA and RD values from the new acquisition showed significant differences post‐surgery (FA, p = 0.026; RD, p = 0.048). These changes were consistent with neurological assessments. In contrast, T2W images did not show significant changes before and after surgery. Multi‐shot diffusion imaging showed improved image quality over single‐shot DWI, and presented superior performance in diagnosis and recovery monitoring for patients with CSM compared with T2W imaging. DTI metrics can reflect the pathological conditions of spondylotic spinal cord quantitatively and may serve as a sensitive biomarker for potential CSM management.


Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is considered as a special application of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks in road traffic, which can autonomously organize networks without infrastructure. VANETs enable vehicles on the road to communicate with each other and with road infrastructure using wireless capabilities. In the last few years, extensive research provided several routing algorithms to extend Internet connectivity to VANETs through fixed gateways installed along the road. However, most of these algorithms have not been effective because of the high mobility of vehicles in the road. In this paper, we propose a routing algorithm which based both on the congestion game to resolve the problem of network congestion and on mobile gateways to resolve the problem of high mobility in VANET. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is a prediction done by each node in the network that helps them to reach the optimal route to access Internet. Simulation results validate the algorithm and show its robustness under two scenarios. In the first one, we examine the algorithm with fixed gateways installed along the road to validate the connectivity to the Internet. Whilst in the second scenario, we examine the algorithm with mobile gateways to show the effectiveness of gateways' mobility on the capacity of communication and the Internet access in VANETs.


Crushing was performed by dropping a steel ball or a steel hammer on a plunger, placed on cubic or powdery samples in a steel mortar, or by driving a ball mill at normal speed.The authors applied the equations shown in their previous reports, -relation between number of blows, net work input to crushing, surface increment and size distribution of crushed products-to the results derived from their present experiment, and obtained, from Eqs. (1)-(4), the relations given by Eqs. (5)-(10). A close similarity was found between these relations and many other corresponding results obtained by the authors and by many investigators, such as Martin, Mittag, Chujo, Tanaka, Svensson Kuwai and others.


Comprehensive nursing is a form of nursing services including biological, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural services necessarily performed by nurses. The literature review used an integrative review approach to explain nursing competency. The methods of this study used the theme analysis method by obtaining the data from Science Direct, Pro Quest, Pub Med, Science and Technology Index (SINTA) published from 2010 to 2021 and obtained 16 articles related to the development of instruments, competencies, comprehensive of nursing, nursing students. There were 3 themes of nursing competency. The first is competence related to the biological, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural competence. The second is competence related to caring and etikal knowlede for patients in any conditions and the third is knowledge and information technology competence. The term of competency refers to a comprehensive set of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and ethics required by the nurses to provide a safe and effective services to the clients. A nurse who has nursing competency is most likely capable of implementing the 3 themes of nursing competency.


With the increasingly vital role that the Internet plays in the personal lives of people across the world, Internet services have proliferated to such a degree that the Internet now equals countries' critical infrastructures in importance. In fact, some countries include Internet services in their legal framework for critical-infrastructure protection (CIP). In this paper, we take the view that the level of awareness and susceptibility to cyber attack can be measured by the level of maturity and development of the internet infrastructure of a country. Using publicly available metrics, this study quantifies critical levels of Internet infrastructure across countries and proposes the cyber-attack susceptibility (CAS) index based on Internet usage, online services rendered, telecommunication infrastructure, and the human information-technology capital of each measured country. The information is used to further examine potential correlations between a country's critical Internet-infrastructure level and the country's ability to deal with cyber threats and the steps already taken by several high scoring countries in order to defend against attacks on Critical Infrastructure.


Hierarchically organized γ-Al2O3 hollow spheres composite(γ-Al2O3/GOs) were fabricated by hydrothermal treatment method using aluminum sulfate as a precursor and urea and graphene oxide(GOs) as precipitating and modifying agents,respectively.These microspheres were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEMand BET analysis.During the preparing process,the effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on the structure and morphology of the microspheres were investigated systemically.


The basic prerequisites for achieving success in any walk of life are alarmingly compromised because of Vataja Pratishyaya or Allergic rhinitis and its incidence and prevalence is also increasing day by day. On the other hand, the mainstream healing system is not in a position to promise the curative treatment for the same. So this present clinical work was undertaken to serve the very purpose of emancipation of this disgusting disease from the society. In this study, total 100 patients attending the E.N.T. OPD of the Department of Shalakya, I.P.G.T.&R.A., G.A.U.,Jamnagar,Hospital, were registered for the trial. All the patients were divided into two groups (Group-A &GroupB) by simple random sampling method. Patients had been selected on the basis of subjective and objective criteria for diagnosis. Patient information sheet were prepared and the patient's informed and written consent were taken before starting the treatment. Patients of Group-A were treated by Anu Taila Nasya , Ashwagandhadi compound and Shirishadi kwath whereas those of Group-B i.e. control group were given Cetrizine, a Modern antiallergic drug along with placebo. Patients were given treatment for a period of one month. After completion of the treatment, the patients were followed for one month at weekly interval. Grading and scoring system was adopted for assessing each clinical feature before the commencement of trial and after completion of trial. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis which showed that Ayurvedic management has the potential to cure the diasthesis effectively. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.045 Volume 4, Issue 4, 2050-2059. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 21 Feb 2015, Revised on 12 March 2015, Accepted on 03 April 2015 *Correspondence for Author Dr. Shrawan Kumar Sahu Assistant Professor (Shalakya), Patanjali Ayurved College, Haridwar, Uttarakhand.


As quantum computing technology approaches maturity, the security of wireless communication using data encryption algorithms is facing great challenges. On the other hand, physical layer security technologies using the unique physical characteristic properties of one transmitter like radio frequency/ radiometric fingerprint, localization information, or channel state information are more resistant to attacks using quantum computing technology. Consequently, the research of physical layer security has attracted significant attentions recently. However, the RF fingerprint portability is an inevitable problem in practical applications. In this work, a joint RF feature calibration and weighted feature classification scheme is proposed to overcome the RF fingerprint portability problem caused by channel fading and receiver differentiation. Experimental results show that the average successful identification rate increases significantly using the proposed scheme.


The chemical trends reported for barrier heights in metal-GaAs contacts are explained by a charge transfer between the metal and adsorbate-induced gap states, which are identified as the virtual gap states of the complex band structure of GaAs, as well as fabrication-induced defects of donor type. Following the concept of the ionicity of chemical bonds, the charge transfer is described by the difference in the electronegativities of overlayer and substrate atoms. The density of fabrication-induced defects varies considerably.


After Injury explores the practices of forgiveness, resentment, and apology in three key moments when they were undergoing a dramatic change: early Christian history (for forgiveness), the shift from British eighteenth-century to Continental nineteenth-century philosophers (for resentment), and the moment in the 1950s postwar world in which ordinary language philosophers and sociologists of everyday life theorized what it means to express or perform an apology. The debates in those key moments have largely defined the contemporary study of these practices. The first premise of this book is that because these three practices are interlinked—forgiveness is commonly defined as a forswearing of resentment in response to an apology—it makes sense to study these practices together. The second premise is that each practice has a different historical evolution. It thus makes sense to identify a key moment to examine what is arguably the most important mutation in the evolution of each practice. After looking at the debates in those three key moments, After Injury takes up the important contemporary questions about each of the practices. For the practice of forgiveness, those questions center on whether forgiveness is possible, and what place it occupies in relation to retribution. For resentment, the questions involve the value and risks of holding on to what is admittedly the disabling emotion of resentment in order to affirm the injustice of the past. For the practice of apology, a key question is what to make of a shift from personal to collective, from private to public apologies.


The delineated mental and somatic symptoms in the context of burnout have to be seen as serious health complaints. Exhaustion is one of the symptoms in this context. The present study focuses the prevalence of exhaustion symptoms (assessed with a screeninger for mental wellbeing) in the German general population and the correlation with anxiety and depression as well as further symptoms that co-occur. For this purpose, data of 2 433 persons from a population-based representative sample were analysed. After setting a cut-off point the results reveal that 6% of the population show serious mental impairments, which can be interpreted as a exhaustion prevalence rate. Moreover, the results imply clear relationships of exhaustion and other symptoms as well as mental and somatic impairments and the intake of pharmaceuticals.


Using letters written by the Italian Jesuit missionary Niccolo Longobardo, this article explores in depth the encounter between the Christian mission and different strata of early seventeenth century Chinese society in Shangdong province. It follows Longobardo's evangelical activities among Ming feudatory princes, Muslim mullahs, Confucian literati and leaders of secret popular religious sects. By using Jesuit records and Chinese documents of the late Ming, this article tries to analyse the attractions of Christianity for different segments of late Ming society, one that experienced a profound social, political and economic crisis. Both, the reasons for conversions and arguments against Christianity are presented in the specific social context of early seventeenth century Chinese society.


As the Internet is used increasingly as a platform for business transactions, security becomes a primary issue for Internet applications. Some applications are too sensitive for software-only security mechanisms. Higher levels of protection can be achieved with smart-card-based authentication schemes and transaction protocols. In this paper, we provide examples of typical banking applications implemented with smart cards using symmetrical (DES) and asymmetrical (RSA) cryptography. We present a pure JavaTM architecture for such applications, which is intended for use on standard Web application servers and client devices enabled for Web browsing and the Java language. It employs applets on the client side to access smart cards via the OpenCard Framework. The applets communicate with authentication servlets or application servlets on the server side and act as a mediator between the smart card and the application logic on the server.


Fluxgate magnetometers were originally designed and developed during World War II for detecting submarines, and are based on what is referred to as the magnetic saturation circuit. Two parallel bars of a ferromagnetic material are placed closely together. The susceptibility of these two bars should be large enough so that even the Earth's relatively weak magnetic field can produce magnetic saturation. Each bar is wound with a primary coil, but the direction in which the coil is wrapped around the bars is reversed. An alternating current (AC) is passed through the primary coils causing a large, inducing magnetic field that produces induced magnetic fields in the two cores that have the same strengths but opposite directions. A secondary coil surrounds the two ferromagnetic cores and the primary coil. The magnetic fields induced in the cores by the primary coil produce a voltage potential in the secondary coil. In the absence of an external field (i.e. if the earth had no magnetic field), the voltage detected in the secondary coil would be zero because the magnetic fields generated in the two cores have the same strength but are in opposite directions (their effects on the secondary coil exactly cancel). If the cores are aligned parallel to a component of a weak, external magnetic field, one core will produce a magnetic field in the same direction as the external field, and reinforce it. The other will be in opposition to the field and produce an induced field that is smaller. This difference is sufficient to induce a measurable voltage in the secondary coil that is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field in the direction of the cores. Thus, the fluxgate magnetometer is capable of measuring the strength of any component of Earth's magnetic field by simply re-orienting the instrument so that the cores are parallel to the desired component. Fluxgate magnetometers are capable of measuring the strength of the magnetic field of the order of 0.1 nano Tesla (nT). In this paper we shall be dealing with the responses from a modified version of fluxgate magnetometer, which can be mounted on airborne platforms, and the potential of this airborne instrument as a tool for mineral exploration. METHODOLOGY As explained in the previous section, the magnetometer measures the magnetic field component along the axis of its core and must be oriented with the field if the total intensity is to be measured. Fluxgate magnetometer sensors oriented in mutually perpendicular direction can measure three components of the geomagnetic field (i.e. two horizontal and one vertical components). Among the most difficult problems associated with aeromagnetic surveys is fixing the position of the aircraft at any time and orientation of the fluxgate sensors. With the recent advancement in high precision real-time differential GPS systems, gimbalmounted sensors and fast sampling devices, this difficulty is rapidly disappearing. In the scientific literature there are very few articles related to airborne fluxgate magnetometer (AFMAG) measurements (e.g. Ward, 1959). The approach is quite different from usual airborne EM and aeromagnetic surveys. It has more similarity with ground based magnetovariational (MV) or geomagnetic depth sounding (GDS) where we look at wide frequency range of (or time varying) signals within the natural field. The only difference between the methods is that instead of an array of stations simultaneously measuring the variations in the natural field for a long period of time, AFMAG is flown over an area of interest and measures a range of high frequency signals at a pre-defined interval. The 3-component magnetic data could be processed in a similar fashion to that of GDS method to calculate the induction arrows (e.g. Parkinson, 1964, Everett and Hyndman, 1967), which in turn provides information about lateral conductivity variations in the subsurface. The depth from which the information is returned depends on the frequency (or periodicity) selected. High Regolith 2006 - Consolidation and Dispersion of Ideas


In the present study, alumina reinforced copper metal matrix composites were prepared by stir casting method. Three different specimens were prepared by changing the weight ratio of alumina to copper. The samples were prepared by adding 10%, 20% and 30% alumina to copper matrix. The three specimens were subjected to mechanical, thermal and corrosion testing, in order to find out the properties of the material. Various mechanical tests like hardness, impact and corrosion were performed including thermal conductivity to understand the behaviour of the specimens under combined loads. Specimen number 2 which was 80%-20% copper to alumina was found to be the best combination for such type of applications.


. Immunohistochemistry should be routinely applied especially in poorly differentiated cases to exclude chemosensitive and potentially curable tumors (i.e. lymphomas and germ cell tumors). . If diagnosis is adenocarcinoma, immunostaining for PSA in male patients and for estrogen and progesterone receptors in females with axillary node metastases is advisable to rule out hormone-sensitive tumors amenable to specific therapy.


The parts and components library system is important and basal for development of special CAD system.According to the subsistent problem of parts and components library in commercial CAD system,the building methods of parts and components library is researched by the mechanism of parts and components library separating from CAD platform.The aim of parts and components library is put forward.The architecture of parts and components library is created with the guidance of the building methods.Some key technology problems,such as XML description of parts geometry model based on standard features,database design,loading method and building tools,are described in detail.


Gas–liquid two-phase flows are frequently encountered in chemical and nuclear industries. The study of gas–liquid flow structures is of great significance for understanding the mechanisms of the flow pattern transition. In this paper, a direct-image multi-electrode conductance sensor (DMCS) was used to detect the structure information of vertical gas–liquid flows. Recurrence plot (RP) and cost-based recurrence plot (CBRP) are validated using typical nonlinear systems, i.e. Lorenz system and Hénon map, and used to analyze the signals collected by the DMCS. The results indicate that the determinism (DET) derived from the CBRP is sensitive to flow pattern evolution, and can also demonstrate the internal differences in the same flow patterns.


325 Background: IsoPSA is a structure-based serum assay exploring the spectrum of possible prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoforms. It was shown to outperform total and percent-free PSA in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) (grade group (GG) ≥2 on biopsy). IsoPSA reduced unnecessary biopsies and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We sought to compare the outcomes of eventual biopsy and imaging of surveilled patients with an initially normal or high IsoPSA, thus assessing IsoPSA's prospective predictive ability of csPCa. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective review of patients who underwent IsoPSA testing from 2017-present. Data was dichotomized into patients with normal (≤6) and high IsoPSA (>6). We collected the outcomes of any consequent IsoPSA and PSA test, prostate biopsy and MRI. We calculated the statistical IsoPSA's characteristics for the prediction of csPCa on biopsy. Results: The median follow-up time of 811 patients who underwent IsoPSA testing was 18 months (IQR, 16.5-20). Among 443 patients with initial low IsoPSA, 5 (1.1%) had a csPCa on a subsequent biopsy, 19 (4.3%) subsequent high IsoPSA, 122 (27.5%) rising PSA, and 22 (5%) csPCa on MRI. Among 368 patients with initial high IsoPSA, 105 (28.5%) had a csPCa on a subsequent biopsy and 106 (28.8%) on an MRI. The sensitivity of IsoPSA to predict csPCa was 95.5%, and the NPV was 94.8%. Among 124 patients with high IsoPSA and initial negative biopsy, 110 had a subsequent negative and 14 a positive biopsy (10GG1 (8.1%), 4 ≥GG2 (3.2%)), with a respective median IsoPSA of 7.2 and 9.6 (p=0.007). An IsoPSA>10 generated an OR of csPCa of 7.2 (95%CI 2.1-25.2, p=0.0005). Conclusions: In 18-month follow-up, 1.1% of patients with normal IsoPSA developed csPCa compared to 28.5% of patients with high IsoPSA. In the cohort of patients with high IsoPSA and initially negative biopsy, 3.2% eventually developed csPCa, however, having a significantly higher IsoPSA than those who remained negative. The odds of having csPCa were 7 times higher with IsoPSA>10. [Table: see text]


Objective To explore the effects of rhinitis on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) in children.Methods Eighty children aged 2 to 10 years old with adenoidal hypertrophy and OSAS diagnosed by polysomnography were divided into rhinitis group(57 cases) and non-rhinitis group (group C,23 cases).Rhinitis group was divided into two subgroups of mild (group B,20 cases) and severe (group A,37 cases) nasal obstruction/congestion according to the rhinoscope finding.Sleeping parameters including apnea hypopnea index(AHI),snoring index(Sn-I),average oxygen saturation(ASaO2),lowest oxygen saturation(LSaO2) and ≥3% oxygen desaturation index(ODI) were compared.Results LSaO2 was significantly lower in group A than that in groups of B and C \[(76.57±8.31)% vs.( 84.50±5.48) % and (84.35±9.44)%\] (P0.01).The parameter of ≥3% ODI was significantly higher in group A than that in groups of B and C \[( 59.35±40.11) % vs.(42.86±36.63)% and(31.78±24.01)%\] (P0.05).No significant differences in AHI,Sn-I and ASaO2 were observed among three groups.Conclusion The occurrence of hypoxemia in OSAS childhood may associate with rhinitis and severe nasal obstruction/congestion may lead to a decrease of oxygen saturation.


International Conference on Emerging Computer Technologies (ICECT'15), Harare, Zimbabwe, July 14-15, 2015. Due to copyright restrictions, the attached PDF file only contains the abstract of the full text item. For access to the full text item, please consult the publisher's website


We report on polariton condensation in a planar GaAs microcavity under nonresonant optical excitation. Angularly resolved photoluminescence measurements demonstrate polariton condensation for temperature up to 40 K. Numerical simulations using Boltzmann equations give an overall description of the observed condensation for various detunings and temperatures. This model highlights the importance of the polariton relaxation rate as compared to the polariton decay for condensation to occur on the lowest energy polariton states.


ABSTRACT This article explores how political parties in France, West Germany, and Italy conceptualized democracy and challenged the conceptions of democracy of their political adversaries between the end of the 1940s and the early 1960s. It studies from a comparative perspective the different conceptions of democracy held by Christian democrat, Left-wing, and Gaullist political actors and shows how these diverged on key issues such as the economic system, foreign policy, the separation of powers, electoral systems, and the use of state institutions in the defence of democracy against anti-democratic forces. In this way, the article reveals how in the first fifteen years after the Second World War, government and opposition parties disputed each other's democratic credentials and political legitimacy, and it thereby reconsiders the claim that there existed a broad consensus on the meaning of democracy among political elites in post-war Western Europe. It is argued that these different conceptions of democracy only started to converge after they had clashed during political crises at the turn of the 1960s in all three states. This study thereby contributes to an enhanced understanding the formation of the post-war democratic order in Western Europe.


Post globalisation, India's trade to the majority of the developed countries in the world has increased significantly, out of which a significant part of the trade happens with Central European Nations (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland). Trade between these two entities is highly complementary. There is scarce commonality between what India exports to Central European Nations (CEN) and vice versa. India is one of the biggest exporter of textiles and apparel in the world of which one fourth of India's exports happens with European Union. Post MFA, India's exports to CEN has been increasing gradually, notwithstanding the fact that India is not one of the 'preferred' nations for EU. It's interesting to note that India shares a more than cordial relation with most of the Central European Nations which implies a possibility of increased trade. Another fact is that India's apparel exports to the CEN forms a very small percentage of the total apparel imports of CEN. This percentage share can be increased with the help of better understanding and collaboration between India and CEN, both at the macro as well as the micro level. Keeping in line with this, the research paper focuses on India's apparel exports in general and men's shirts in particular. Men's Shirts forms a significant part of total apparel exports of India but this product occupies the lowest rung in India's apparel export to CEN despite the fact that CEN imports men's shirts in huge volumes. Men's Shirts hold a peculiar position in that there is a lower level of variation in terms of textiles used, the value additions, etc. as compared to other apparel categories. This simplicity is helpful when initiating a research in a particular area which can then be extended to more complex products. This research paper involves analysis of the trade between India and CEN for the ten year period (2006-07 to 2015-16) from which the effects of globalisation processes can be seen from close quarters. The data reveals that the export of men's shirt from India to CEN is fairly correlated with the overall exports of India to CEN. The research reveals that India, being one of the favourite destination for global apparel sourcing for the entire world, can be used as a solution to the local problems of a few nations belonging to CEN which will act as a support amidst the turmoil facing Europe in the recent times.


Objective:To research and explore noninvasive breathing machines in pulmonary embolism cause respiratory failure patient treatment of application.Methods:From September 2008 to October 2009,choose an tifert in pulmonary embolism cause respiratory failure patients,and 58 cases were randomly divided into two groups.The treatment group in routine therapy(drug therapy + oxygen) add a noninvasive based on mechanical entilation,The control group by routine treatment.Observed monitor patients before and after the treatment of clinical indicators and arterial blood gas analyzed.Results:Treatment group in using noninvasive mechanical entilation,after the pH value,PaO2,PaCO2 and before treatment compared with obvious improvement,by comparison were(P0.05) difference was statistically significant.The treatment group therapy compared with PaO2 24 hours its PaCO2 were significant difference(P0.05) were difference was statistically significant.The two groups after treating intubation rate by comparison with significant difference(P0.05) difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:Noninvasive breathing machines in pulmonary embolism cause respiratory failure patient treatment can effectively improve the application of the patient and reduces the length of hospital stay,and complications.


The invention relates to a DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) amplification-based heat transfer detection device, which comprises a DNA reaction chamber, an optical fiber data processing module, a heat control processing module and a main processor. The DNA reaction chamber is a closed space; a DNA amplification module is arranged in the DNA reaction chamber; reaction holes are arranged in an upper partof the DNA amplification module; Bragg sensing probes are arranged in the reaction holes; the Bragg sensing probes are connected with optical fiber cores; the optical fiber cores are connected with ademodulation module; the demodulation module is connected with the optical fiber data processing module; the optical fiber data processing module is connected with a comparator through a signal wire;and the comparator is connected with the main processor through a signal wire. According to the DNA amplification-based heat transfer detection device, a fiber Bragg grating and platinum resistance sensors are adopted to respectively detect, the centralized processing is carried out, a data control module is constructed, the whole amplification process of DNA is simulated, the influencing factorson a DNA sample are disclosed, and a basis for disclosing the objective laws of the internal reaction of DNA is provided.


Two-photon induced fluorescence of atomic oxygen, which is routinely used for plasma and flame diagnostics, is implemented with two counterpropagating laser beams of sufficient monochromaticity to permit Doppler-free spectroscopy. A single-mode injection-seeded pulsed Ti:sapphire laser has been frequency-doubled twice to produce narrow-band pulsed radiation at wavelengths around 225.6 nm, suitable to excite the ground-state-to- 2 p 3 3 p 3 P two-photon resonance line of oxygen. Accurate measurement of the injection-seeding wavelength provides new data on the excitation energy of the 3 p 3 P states. The experiment was done both sequentially and simultaneously on 16O and 18O, which makes it possible to test recent calculations of the isotope shift. Having an absolute measurement of the excitation wave-number from the ground level, which has been the case only twice in previous spectroscopic studies of O I, we can re-examine the energy levels of the subset of triplet states and present an updated set of optimised energy values.


Abstract : The problem in this study is whether the Indonesian Capital Market is coupled with the ASEAN Capital Market and East Asia Capital Market. And the interest rate of the US Federal Reserve (Fed Rate) and Central Bank of Indonesia's Interest Rates (BI Rate) against the decision of domestic investors and foreign selling-buying of shares. The research model using EViews-9 for stationary testing (ADF-Test), cointegration (Johansen-Test), and t-test and f-test automatically calculated by EViews-9. The study found their cointegration between Capital Markets in ASEAN (JCI, STI, KLSE, SET, PSE), cointegration in Capital Markets in EAST ASIA (NIKKEI, HSI, KOSPI, SHCOMP, TWSE), and cointegration Interest Rates (The Federal Fund Rate, Bank Indonesia Rate). The results of this study also showed that domestic investors in the Central Bank of Indonesia (BI Rate) are deciding to buy shares with the movement. Meanwhile, local investors in the decision to sell stocks saw the index movement of the KLSE and STI index (ASEAN Capital Markets), as well as the TWSE index (East ASIA Capital Market). Foreign Investors buy stocks to decide on the movement of the US Federal Reserve (the Fed) and the Bank Indonesia interest rate (BI Rate).


Super High Definition (SHD) movies were successfully transmitted as streaming contents at about 300 Mbps for the first time over a long distance IP network (more than 3,000 km), in conjunction with the experimental verification of traffic control and scalable multicast technologies.


The purpose of this research in to know the influence of education, work experience, and training on tax employee's knowledge about tax avoidance. This research is using the primary data from questionnaire. This research is using survey method and regression analysis testing. Sample of this research is 60 from KPP Kebayoran Baru Tiga tax  employees.Variables for this research are education, work experience, and training on  tax employee's knowledge about tax avoidance. The first step on the research is testing a reliability and validity of each variabel.  And then the second step is regression testing of three variables on tax employee's knowledge about tax avoidance. And the third step with a classic assumption test.Based on the results research shows that education influence significant on tax employee's knowledge about tax avoidance. The results of the work experience no significant effect on tax employee's knowledge about tax avoidance. Whereas training influence significant on tax employee's knowledge about tax avoidance.


BACKGROUND
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

METHODS
In this study, the antiviral activity of a far-UVC (222 nm) microplasma flat lamp against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Immediate inactivation of up to 99.99% of the coronavirus was achieved with a dose of less than 8 mJ/cm2 and complete inactivation was observed by real-time RT-PCR; therefore, far-UVC (222 nm) is a promising candidate for the effective inactivation of SARS-CoV-2.


This article begins with a definition of dynamic packaging (DP) and proceeds to explain its effect on the European airline industry. The author illustrates the United States leadership in the DP sector and how it is coming to the European market. The author cites a survey showing increased European consumer interest in DP and offers explanations from industry analysts as to why this has happened.


This paper describes the new release of the Merged Land–Ocean Surface Temperature analysis (MLOST version 3.5), which is used in operational monitoring and climate assessment activities by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center. The primary motivation for the latest version is the inclusion of a new land dataset that has several major improvements, including a more elaborate approach for addressing changes in station location, instrumentation, and siting conditions. The new version is broadly consistent with previous global analyses, exhibiting a trend of 0.076°C decade−1 since 1901, 0.162°C decade−1 since 1979, and widespread warming in both time periods. In general, the new release exhibits only modest differences with its predecessor, the most obvious being very slightly more warming at the global scale (0.004°C decade−1 since 1901) and slightly different trend patterns over the terrestrial surface.


The operator's computer is used to create a three-dimensional framework for the room, garden, etc., showing all the fixed features. The operator then uses the internet to download images of objects to be included in the design. The three-dimensional images of the commercially available objects are held on computers operated by the manufacturers or distributors of the objects. The application includes example programs for the system.


Most of oil-immersed power transformer for generation, transmission, and distribution in electrical system network use mineral oil. Mineral oil is very important to power transformer because it acts as coolant and liquid insulation. A good insulating oil for transformer always has its own standards. Properties such as good dielectric strength, excellent heat transfer and chemically stable under various range of application is one of many ways of knowing that insulating oil is very useful for transformer. High neutralization number and high moisture content can cause the transformers operation to be inefficient. A transformer use for long times can cause the oil to worn out. If the oil is worn out, the oil has to be replaced with a new transformer oil as to ensure the transformer runs smoothly. However, these changing of insulating oil are highly cost and it is not environment friendly if it's thrown freely. Therefore, the aim for this project is to enhance reclamation of used mineral oil using Taguchi method. This research will also investigate the performance of different parameters of oil temperature, weight of adsorbent, and stirring speed for reclamation process. This can be done by measuring and analyzing the result of breakdown voltage, acidity and viscosity of the reclaimed oil. The research findings are expected to assist power utilities in deciding the parameters that enhance reclamation process as well as improve the performance of inservice insulating oil.


The field of cognitive science has always supported a variety of modes of research, often polarised into those seeking high-level explanations of intelligence [2, 13] and those seeking low-level, perhaps even neuro-physiological, explanations [3, 9]. Each of these research directions permits, at least in part, a similar methodology based around the construction of detailed computational models, which justify their explanatory claims by matching behavioural data. We are fortunate at this time to witness the culmination of several decades of work from each of these research directions, and hopefully to find within them the basic ideas behind a complete theory of human intelligence. It is in this spirit that Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier (hereafter, P&S) have written their book Understanding Intelligence. However, their aim is manifestly not to present an overview of all prior work in this field, but instead to argue forcefully for one particular interpretation – a synthetic approach, based around the explicit construction of autonomous agents. This approach is characterised by the Embodiment Hypothesis, which is presented as a complete framework for investigating intelligence, and exemplified by a number of computational models and robots to illustrate just how the field of cognitive science might develop in the future. We first provide an overview of their book, before describing some of our reservations about its contribution towards an understanding of intelligence.


For roughly a century—if we take the years from Fourier and Bentham to the triumph of Freud—the study of politics concerned itself mainly with institutions. Fourier, in plotting a Utopia, took his individuals just as they were, expecting by the perfection of social arrangements to turn individual weakness and vice into virtues. Bentham also by-passed the infinite problem of the individual (this was relegated to religion) and concentrated on the finite reform of institutions; the greatest happiness of the greatest number was never the principle of an individual psychology, although since 1832 Bentham's formula has grown ironically appropriate as the individual in a mass society has become, characteristically, a quantity.


After injecting Indian ink or sulphate of barium backwards into the venous trunks that drain the 2nd portion of the duodenum, the author describes 3 venous networks, continuous to the major papilla and which differ in their topography and morphology of their nets. From the functional point of view, he believes that the traction or compression of the collectors' walls might cause turgidity in the deep network, regulating the bile-pancreatic outlet as well as not allowing the duodenal reflow. The author states that during papillotomies the bleeding is insignificant, because the thick veins lie in the body and at the base of the papilla.


Problems in the punishment method for plural crimes of a kind in our country come from the conflict between the principles of the criminal stipulation,mainly from the conflict between punishments for plural crimes and the stipulated penalties.The amount crime and the quantity crime make the contradictions showy and serious.In the present criminal law which is being carried out now,we can not find a good way to eliminate the contradictions.I think that we should find a good way to dispel the contradictions in our penalty system reforms so as to completely eliminate the contradictions in the process of reforming our penalty system.


The proteasome is a multicatalytic cellular complex, which possess three different enzymatic activities, trypsin‐like, chymotrypsin‐like, and peptidylglutamyl peptidase. Its function is to remove abnormal or aged proteins. Recently, it has been suggested the participation of the sperm proteasome during mammalian fertilization. In this study, we present evidence that indicates that sperm extracts from several mammalian species, including hamster, mice, rats, bovine, rabbits, and humans all possess proteasome activity. We characterized the three specific activities of the proteasome using specific synthetic substrates and specific proteasome inhibitors. The results indicates that the highest specific activity detected was in mouse sperm toward the trypsin substrates and it was 1,114% of the activity of human sperm toward the chymotrypsin substrate Suc‐Leu‐Leu‐Val‐Tyr‐AMC (SLLVY‐AMC, which was considered as 100%). In all cases, the lowest activity was toward substrates for the peptidylglutamyl peptidase hydrolyzing activity, and it was lowest for rabbit sperm (1.7% of the activity of human sperm toward the chymotrypsin substrate SLLVY‐AMC). In addition, specific proteasome inhibitors were able to block all proteasome activities almost 100%, with the exception of clasto‐Lactacystin β‐lactone upon rat sperm. All sperm extracts tested evidenced bands of about 29–32 kDa by Western blots using a monoclonal antibody against proteasome subunits α1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7. In conclusion, sperm from several mammals possess enzymatic activities that correspond to the proteasome. The proteasome from the different species hold similar but distinctive enzymatic characteristics. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 69: 87–93, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In the present study, an aqueous extract from Leucas urticifolia was evaluated for its antihyperlipidaemic activiti es using Triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats as experimental model. Hyperlipideamia was developed by intraperitonial injection of Triton (100 mg/kg body weight). The animals were divided into control, hyperlipidaemic control, fenofibrate, and aqueous e xtracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of L. urticifolia treated groups. At 6 h after intragastric administration of L. urticifolia aqueous extracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) to triton induced hyperlipidaemic rats caus ed a significant decrease on their plasma TG, LDL a nd VLDLcholesterol level and cause significant rise of HDL -cholesterol level, but the TC level was not altere d by all three dose level. After 24 h after treatment, there was n o significant change in plasma lipid parameters obs erved. In fenofibrate treated rats, plasma TC, TG, LDL and VLDL were lowered significantly till 24 hour. Hense t he results indicating that this aqueous herb extract may conta in products that lower plasma lipid concentrations and might be beneficial in treatment of hyperlipideamia and rela ted diseases.


This work is devoted to the deterministic sensitivity analysis for the numerical simulation of the transport of contaminants. The method is based on the singular value decomposition of the Jacobian matrix of the mathematical model of the problem. We compare different ways of computing the Jacobian matrix: automatic differentiation and differentiation "by hand" from analytic formulas, in both direct and reverse modes. Here we consider only the first stage and the sensitivity analysis for the flow computation from Darcy's equation.


. Mutant strain d48 and d12 cannot express serotype A. In d48, the A i-antigen gene is present in the micronucleus, but not in the macronucleus. It has recently been shown that d12 contains the A gene in its micronucleus, but its macronucleus lacks the gene. Micronuclear transplantations into enucleated cells were performed to analyze those mutants. Reciprocal transplantation between wild type and d48 confirmed that d48 contains the A gene in the micronucleus and its cytoplasm is defective. Wild type 51 enucleated cells into which were transplanted d12 micronuclei could not express A. Amiccronucleate d12 cells into which were transplanted normal micronuclei from 51 or d48 showed no expression of A. These results show that even if the micronucleus of d12 contains the A gene, it must be abnormal, and its cytoplasm is also defective the same as d48. Genetic analysis showed that heterozygote of d12 and wild type 51 or d48 caused a cure of the cytoplasmic defect of d48 and d12 during the development of macronuclei.


Objective:To investigate the efficacy of treating serious pulverous intertrochanteric fracture of femur by DHS and tension band.Methods:30 patients were treated with serious pulverous intertrochanteric fracture of femur by DHS and tension band.The operation time,the healing time of the fracture and the excellent rate were recorded.Results:The operation time,the healing time of the fracture and the excellent rate were satisfied.Conlusion:Treating the serious pulverous intertrochanterie frac- ture of femur by DHS and tension band was proved to be a good method with shorter operation time,simple operative procedure, satisfactory effect and early exercise.


of adversely affecting the individuals geriatricians dedicate their careers to serving. But what does it say about the world we live in that words describing age have become pejoratives? Language transforms, evolves, and provides insight into cultural values. Today, the word senile is replete with derogatory connotations. Yet, it derives from the Latin senex, old man, the same root word that senatus, or senate, comes from. In ancient Rome, the words connoting old age and political leadership tangled together and the honor of speaking first in the Roman Senate went to the oldest member. Similarly, the governing body of ancient Sparta was called the Gerousia, from the Greek word geros, or "old man." Such words were not always discriminatory. Once, they were marks of honor. A story recounted in the Babylonian Talmud (tractate Berakhot, folios 27b-28a), a text that was transcribed in firstcentury Judea, vividly illustrates a perspective on aging that is no longer normative in the modernWestern world. The story begins with a quote: "Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah said, behold I am like a man of seventy years, and yet I never understoodwhy the story of the Exodus fromEgypt be told at night."Why, the Talmudic text then asks, does Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah describe himself as like amanof 70years?Either he is 70 years oldor he is not! The text continues: Elazar ben Azariah was a renowned scholar of first-century Judea, appointed by the sages of his community to be the head of the High Court when he was only 18 years old. Qualified for leadership by character and learning, he nevertheless feared that his young age would present an obstacle to assuming his new role. He, therefore, prayed that he be granted the appearance of an old man and thereby win the trust and respect of his community. His prayers, the Talmud relates, were answered and his hair turned white overnight, thus rendering him "like aman of seventy years." In first-century Judea, the physical markers of old age were sought after and valued, even prayed for. Twenty-first century America venerates youth. Our society has given rise to a multibillion-dollar antiaging industry. One has only to open a magazine, scroll through an Instagram feed, or drive on a highway to encounter an onslaught of images advertising products promising to darken white hair, erase wrinkles, and restore youth. This cultural aversion to old age extends beyond the aesthetic. As geriatricians, we listen to our patients and learn about the experience of having one's hearing loss conflated with cognitive impairment, of being handed pages of instructions written in print too small to decipher, and of watching a clinician talk to one's children about one's healthcare plan, as if the person to whom the plan ismost relevant is not even in the room. Words matter. And because we live in a world that idealizes youth, words connoting age have acquired demeaning and potentially discriminatory connotations. These connotations have infiltrated our vernacular to such an extent that "elderly" is no longer an acceptable word in the geriatrics community. Yet, while the modern world has become exceptionally skilled in extending the human lifespan, the ancient world knew how to value old age. It is the value of lessons learned, wisdom acquired, and a life lived. Shoshana Streiter, MD New England Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts


In this paper, the problem of surge radiation and ionization of bound electron in the interaction of ultra-short laser pulse and partial ionized plasma was studied for the first time. With the model presented by this paper, we can obtain the fact that due to the ponderomotive of the laser pulse, the surge radiation and the condition of ionization will be modified.


This paper details the implementation of an industrial decision support system (IDSS) application to provide expert advice on weed control and management strategies. Due to the qualitative and subjective nature of the strategies, output based intensively on conventional and numerical data poses a level of complexity that can hinder stakeholders from interpreting the data and applying the results effectively to the problem area. To overcome this, the IDSS application employs descriptive schemata and self-generated explanations.


Based on the need of green mining development and large-scale development of ecological environmental damage as the background in China's coal resources, It analyzes the basis theory of mining resources, economy, people, environmental mutually relies on and restrict, green mining industry composition, characteristics and green mining industry. It gives the connotation and definition of green mining and constructs the theoretical system of green mining and laid a foundation for the construction and development of green mining.


Although many OSLER (Ovid Search: Link to Electronic Resources) users called or sent emails with questions about our recent contest (see Another contest from your friends at OSLER, CMAJ 2000;162[2]:251), we received fewer entries than expected.

Perhaps the question was too challenging for those new


The potential for money laundering through gold jewelry trades should not be neglected, especially since anti-laundering measures for this non-financial sector are comparatively inadequate. After analyzing the risks, this paper discusses the international anti-laundering experience in this field, introduces major suggestions and guidelines by FATF, and puts forward suggestions based on China's status quo in the area.


Background: Due to the prevalence of body dissatisfaction, and given that it is a significant risk factor for eating disorders and obesity, understanding the mechanisms of change, and finding new ways on how to reduce body dissatisfaction are important avenues of research. The current study aimed to investigate whether a brief online intervention of imagery rescripting is more effective in reducing state body dissatisfaction in women than the widely used intervention of self-compassion, or a control condition. Methods: One-hundred and twenty-three Australian women with high levels of body dissatisfaction were allocated to one of the three intervention conditions: imagery rescripting, self-compassion, or control. Participants completed a screening questionnaire, a visual analogue scale (VAS) on mood, and a physical appearance state and trait anxiety scale (PASTAS) on state body dissatisfaction before and after a body dissatisfaction inducing mirror task, and again after the intervention. Results: Results showcased a significant decrease in state body dissatisfaction from post-induction to post-intervention for imagery rescripting compared to the control. Conclusion: Imagery rescripting was identified as an effective brief intervention for reducing state body dissatisfaction in women and inspiring body acceptance compared to the control condition. Future studies should investigate the impact of multiple sessions of imagery rescripting for women with high levels of body dissatisfaction.


The personal information stored on the desktop usually reaches huge dimensions nowadays. Its handling is even more difficult, taking into account complex environments and tasks we work with. An efficient method of identifying the present working context would mean an easier management of the needed resources. In this paper we propose a new way of identifying desktop usage contexts, based upon a distance between documents, which also takes into account their access timestamps. We investigate and compare our technique with traditional term vector clustering, our initial experiments showing promising results with our proposed approach.


Background Mental disorders are currently the greatest global health burden. The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having an adverse impact on people's mental health, particularly in vulnerable populations, such as refugees. Aims The present study was designed to examine the association between COVID-19 and changes in mental health in Syrian refugees in Turkey. Method We conducted a two-wave panel survey of a representative sample of 302 of the estimated 500 000 Syrian refugees (ages 18 and older) living under humanitarian support in Istanbul (first wave between 9 and 15 July 2020 and the follow-up between 11 and 14 September 2020). We administered seven items from the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey in addition to one-context specific item about life changes because of COVID-19, and measures of depression (10-item Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale, CESD-10), anxiety (6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-6) and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-4). Results A factor analysis yielded three COVID-19 factors, labelled 'social relationships', 'stress' and 'hope.' We conducted a series of cross-lag panel analyses to test associations between the COVID-19 factors and mental health. We found associations between all COVID-19 factors and CESD-10, between COVID-19 'stress' and STAI-6, and between COVID-19 'stress' and COVID-19 'hope' and PSS-4. Conclusions Our measures of life changes because of the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with changes in the mental health of Syrian refugees living in Istanbul. It is therefore important that they are provided with services to reduce what may be particularly debilitating consequences of COVID-19.


This review looks in depth at the history and medicinal value of the Cordyceps species, especially C. sinensis. In Uttarakhand Himalayan region Cordyceps genus of Ascomycete fungi is represented by Cordyceps si nensis (Keer a jari). The Latin etymology describes cord as club, ceps as head, and sinensis as Chinese. Cordyce ps sinensis, known as caterpillar fungus in English commonly and considered as medicinal mushroom in oriental m edicines, such as Traditional Chinese Medicines and Traditional Tibetan medicine. When a Cordyceps fun gus attacks a host, the mycelium invades and eventually replaces the host tissue, while the elongated fruiting body (stroma) may be cylindrical, branched, or of complex shape. The stroma bears many small, flask-shaped perithecia that contain the asci. These in turn contain the thread-like ascospores, which usually break into fragments and are pres umably infective. The best known of the cordyceps family of fungi is Cordyceps sinensis, known in English commonly as caterpillar fungus as it is known to grow inside caterpillars and take them over. While cordyceps sinensis may be the species of cordycepes that is most well known throughout the world, there are many other species of cordyceps in which modern science has found valuable medicinal properties in as well. A few studies have shown cordyceps feeding to increase the ratio of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the liver. (Nature and Science 2010;8(9):253-256). (ISSN: 1545-0740).


In this paper, our work is to focus on the almost sure connectivity properties of secure wireless sensor networks. We consider a wireless sensor network which is generated randomly using random key pre distribution scheme given by Eschenauer and Gligor under non-full visibilitys. Here, we consider a sensor network in 2-dimensional space, and a sequence Xn = {Xi, X2,...Xn}, with n sensor nodes distributed uniformly over a compact space C ⊂ R2 We focus on network cut to deal with connectivity issues in WSNs. We have given a strong relationship and derived a threshold for the proportion of key ring and key pool size, above which graph will have no cut in the network almost surely. We prove that if key pool size is n log n and key ring size of an arbitrary node is c log n and if c > 1/s(1-s/n) then there will be no cut in the network.


The Upper Austria Federal State Library in Linz started planning their digitalisation project in 2009. Since then they have gradually implemented their digitalisation process and in 2010 they began to physically start their digitization work. Many libraries in Austria now digitalise copyright-free works. However The Upper Austria National Library has opted for a slightly different method of this digitalisation process to many other libraries. They use a very specific digitalisation system called Goobi. The Library has about 50.000 old prints dating from before 1850, over 1.000 manuscripts of various ages and a wealth of expert sensitive material much of which has never been documented or viewed by the public before. They also have access to many Private collections of books and documents as well. Many of these books are now out of circulation due to the need to conserve and protect them. However, at the Library they want to make these cultural treasures of Upper Austria accessible to the broad population not just in Austria but throughout the world, they are making this possible through their current digitalisation work. The digitalisation of cultural books and periodicals is a great challenge for The Upper Austria National Library. More and more readers and researchers prefer to carry out specific searches for digitalised documents and books rather than work with the physical copies. They also can do this from anywhere in the world as opposed to have to go to where the book or document is. Many regional libraries have the chance to offer analogue collections on the Internet as eBooks, this is something in which The Upper Austria National Library have become market leaders in. They are working hard to increase the digitalisation work flow and have through this put the Library's digitalised content on the internet therefore making it assessable to all. This content can be found at: http://digi.landesbibliothek.at


The radiation characteristics of a partially coherent illuminated antenna are found for both a circular aperture and a linear antenna. The antenna illumination function is assumed to be Gaussian, and the phase structure function in the plane of the antenna is assumed to be of the form cr^{\nu} , with \nu = 1, 5/3 , and 2. The beam broadening and reduction in gain in decibels are found to be of the form Kb^{\alpha} , where K and \alpha are functions of the antenna illumination and the "law" of the phase structure function, and b is a function of the "level" of the phase structure function.


Background:PIK3CA, a gene that encodes the α-isoform of the catalytic subunit of Class I PI3K (PI3Kα), is frequently mutated or amplified in solid tumors. Taselisib is an oral, potent, selective inhibitor of Class I PI3Kα, γ, and δ isoforms with enhanced activity against PIK3CA-mutated cancer models. Preclinical and clinical data demonstrated that single-agent taselisib has activity in multiple PIK3CA-mutated tumor types. Methods: This open-label phase I study (Cohort X of PMT4979g; NCT01296555) enrolled patients (pts) with PIK3CA-mutated tumors who had progressed after, or failed to respond to, at least one prior treatment regimen and were not candidates for regimens known to provide clinical benefit. Pts received single-agent taselisib (4 or 6 mg tablet, daily). Eleven subcohorts comprised various solid tumor types: endometrial, bladder, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), cervical, gastric/gastroesophageal junction, small cell lung, triple-negative breast, colorectal (excluding KRAS-mutated tumors), squamous (excluding histologies in the other subcohorts), ovarian, and pts with PIK3CA mutant tumors not otherwise specified (excluding breast, colorectal, and non-small-cell lung cancers). Tumor tissue (archival or fresh) was assessed centrally for PIK3CA mutation or amplification. The primary endpoint was tolerability and safety of taselisib. Other endpoints included assessment of antitumor activity per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. Results: At data cutoff (May 1, 2017), 146 pts have been enrolled. Overall, the most common adverse events (AEs; ≥30% of pts) were diarrhea (58.2%), nausea (39.0%), hyperglycemia (31.5%), and fatigue (30.8%). Ninety-four pts (64.4%) experienced ≥1 grade ≥3 AE and 53 pts (36.3%) had grade ≥3 AEs related to taselisib. Sixty-eight pts (46.6%) had serious AEs (SAEs) and the most common SAEs (>2 pts) related to taselisib treatment were colitis (5.5%), diarrhea (4.1%), and hyperglycemia (3.4%). Nine pts (6.2%) had grade 5 events; one AE with a fatal outcome (0.7%) was assessed by the investigator as related to taselisib (septic shock). AEs that led to dose reduction, interruption, or withdrawal were reported in 34 pts (23.3%), 59 pts (40.4%), and 14 pts (9.6%), respectively. Overall, confirmed response rates were 8.9% (n=13) and clinical benefit rates (confirmed response or without disease progression for ≥6 months) were 12.3% (n=18). Confirmed responses were observed in pts with endometrial cancer (2/10 [20.0%]), HNSCC (4/21 [19.0%]), and cervical cancer (2/19 [10.5%]), as well as other tumor types. Conclusions: Single-agent taselisib had an acceptable safety profile (with AEs that were generally reversible and manageable; no new safety signals were identified) and preliminary clinical activity in pts with PIK3CA-mutated locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Citation Format: Komal Jhaveri, Dejan Juric, Cristina Saura, Andres Cervantes, Anton Melnyk, Manish R. Patel, Mafalda Oliveira, Valentina Gambardella, Vincent Ribrag, Cynthia X. Ma, Raid Aljumaily, Philippe L. Bedard, Jasgit C. Sachdev, John Bond, Surai Jones, Timothy R. Wilson, Michael C. Wei, Jose Baselga. A phase I basket study of the PI3K inhibitor taselisib (GDC-0032) in PIK3CA-mutated locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT046.


The re-publication in 2011 of a book1 first written thirty years ago sheds surprising light into the dark corners of these under-researched problems. It is helpful that the author, who was then actively involved in opposing the UK Government's plans for nuclear waste reprocessing, has added a Quarter Century Retrospect to his original text, reflecting on the continuing relevance of his analysis to modern developments in the nuclear field and in other cases where complex scientific issues are key elements in decisions which non-expert politicians have to address. It is particularly useful that Gordon MacKerron, a former chairman of the UK Committee on Radioactive Waste Management, has contributed a Foreword giving a telling account of his experience in trying to discharge his task of mediating between the experts on his "independent" committee and the Government department which appointed them. This present note adds new elements of a third perspective, from the writer's experience within the responsible Ministry.


: Background - Macrophages play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the signaling pathways that regulate their function are not well understood. The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) are serine-threonine protein kinases that are involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Recent studies suggest that ROCK1 in macrophages and bone marrow (BM)-derived cells mediates atherogenesis. However, a similar role for ROCK2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has not been determined. Methods and Results from wild-type (WT), +/- and ROCK2 -/- mice were transplanted into irradiated recipient LDLr -/- mice and atherosclerosis was induced with a 16-week high-cholesterol diet. Compared to WT BM transplanted (BMT) mice, ROCK2 +/- BMT and ROCK2 -/- BMT mice showed substantially less lipid accumulation in the aorta (8.46 ± 1.42% and 9.80 ± 2.34% vs. 15.64 ± 1.89%, p<0.01 for both) and decreased atherosclerotic lesions in the subaortic sinus (158.1 ± 44.4 and 330.1 ± 109.5 x10 3 μ m 2 vs. 520.2 ± 125.7 x10 3 μ m 2 , p<0.01 for both). These findings correlated with decreased foam cell formation (2.27 ± 0.57 vs. 4.10 ± 0.3, p<0.01) and increased cholesterol efflux (17.65 ± 0.6 vs. 9.75 ± 0.8, p<0.05) in ROCK2-deficient mice that are mediated, in part, through the PPAR (cid:534) -LXR-ABCA-1 pathway in macrophages. contributes to foam cell formation. These findings suggest that inhibition of ROCK2 in macrophages may have therapeutic benefits in preventing the development of atherosclerosis. data demonstrate that ROCCKKK2 regulates the bbyy mmmodulating g thththe PPPPRERERE sssitititee e ofoof ttarararggegett ggeenesss. TTTheessee findndndiningggs iindndicicatatee aaan iimpmpmpoorortatantntnt rrrolololeee fofofor r ininn suguguggegegestst oofof potential thererapapapeueueutititcc c efefefefefcttts s s ininin ttthhheee prprprevevvenenentititononon ooof f atatatheheheroroscscscleleerororosisisis.s.s.


: A series of Cu/ZrO 2 /CNTs-NH 2 catalysts with various chromium dopings were prepared using a co-precipitation method for the synthesis of methanol by the hydrogenation of CO 2 . The impact of the addition of chromium on the catalytic performance of the Cu/ZrO 2 /CNTs-NH 2 catalyst was investigated in a fixed-bed plug flow reactor. When the chromium loading was set to 1% of the total amount of Cu 2+ and Zr 4+ , the methanol yield increased to a maximum of 7.78% (reaction conditions: 3.0 MPa, 260 °C, V (H 2 ): V (CO 2 ): V (N 2 )=69:23:8 and gaseous hourly space velocity (GHSV)=3600 mL ∙ h -1 ∙ g -1 ). The catalysts were characterized by N 2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed desorption of H 2 (H 2 -TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature- programmed desorption of CO 2 (CO 2 -TPD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of these analyses indicated that the introduction of chromium reduced the size of the Cu nanoparticles, enhanced the dispersion of the Cu species, inhibited the phase transformation and sintering of ZrO 2 , increased the specific surface area, enhanced the amount of CO 2 adsorbed, and promoted the conversion of weakly adsorbed CO 2 species to strongly adsorbed CO 2 species. Taken together, these factors lead to a high methanol yield. However, when the chromium loading was greater than 1%, the amount Cu and Zr on the surface, as well as the size of the Cu nanoparticle reduced considerably, which led to a significant reduction in the adsorption of CO 2 species. This effect also facilitated the formation of strongly adsorbed CO 2 species, leading to lower methanol yields.