Due to global warming, energy resource constraints and the rapid increase in energy consumption in the construction sector, building design with low energy consumption is an undeniable requirement. The first step in this path is the quality assessment of building performance and the calculating energy consumption in the early stages of design, which are offered as general concepts in the design courses of the fields of building. Because the amount of interfering factors in improving the performance quality and the building efficiency abound, it is very difficult to consider all of them at the same time; hence, the use of computer simulation technology in building design is one of the most effective teaching methods of the quantity assessments of building performance in the fields related to building. Simulation is a process which allows to designers to virtually assess various projects prior to constructing and manufacturing in the real world and analyze and improve it from different aspects. As a result, using the simulation analysis, designers are able to achieve to the major changes in energy consumption by small and reasonable costs in building design and resolve the issues without duplication in the future. In this paper, regarding the impact of simulation in reducing building energy consumption, the use of simulation in building design training is examined. Using a quantitative research method, the capabilities of simulators have been studied in different phases of the design process, and the impact of simulation on the process of design, building performance, energy efficiency, and students' knowledge in these sectors are investigated. The results of this study show a significant difference between students' perception of design processes before and after the use of the simulation.


The recent research progress of chemoenzymatic approaches to(S)-(+)-pregabalin are reviewed in this paper,these approaches combine enzymatic resolution with traditional organic synthesis effectively.Focusing the applications of enzyme in the preparation of chiral intermediate of pregabalin,significance and problems of biocatalysis applied to synthesis of pregabalin are also disscused.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of (+) zopiclone and zopiclone in treatment of insomnia .Methods A randomized controlled double-blind, double-simulation clinical study was conducted for treatment of patients with insomnia. The dosages were of (+)zopiclone (trial) amd zopiclone (control) 3mg and 7.5mg, respectively ,and all patients have nightly drugs intake,close to bedtime. The duration of treatment was 14 days in both groups. Results Sixty eight insomnia patients were enrolled in trial group, while 57 patients recruited in control group. The results showed that the cure for (+) zopiclonepian and zopiclone based on sleep quality and sleep latency were 20.59% and 14.04 % (P0.05), respectively. While occurrence rate of side effect were 36.76% and 49.12% (P0.05), individually.Conclusion Compared with zopiclone, (+) zopiclonepian is a high efficacy and safety drug for insomnia.


Abstract:In this essay, we focus on how Chinese students' experience emerged and evolved in the educational activities of the twenty-first century, one hundred years after John Dewey's visit to China. With the help of a case study, I find that (1) the individual's experience is lived and understood in combination with others' lives; (2) democratic dialogue is a concrete way of democratic life; and (3) the teacher is more of an escort than a trainer in the evolution of the students' experience systems.


A series of four books which chronicle the birth of modern Indonesia through the story of Minke, an aspiring Javanese writer. In the first two books, Minke begins his education into the ways of the Europeon colonialists but tragedy strikes and he loses his first love. By the third book, "Footsteps", Minke is beginning to find his feet as a political organizer and the stirrings of Indonesian Nationalism are being felt. The books are set in the last decade of the 19th and the first decade of the 20th century, and give a historical picture of the varied culture of the Dutch East Indies, as well as a deep understanding of a people's painful emergence from colonial domination. The two previous books are "This Earth of Mankind" and "Child of All Nations".


This paper considers the evidence underpinning barriers and levers to the successful use of Information Communication Technology in Early Years settings. It responds to some of the reluctance to use technology and challenges received opinion about the use of technology in this phase. Factors for successful implementation are explored in the context of adults' enhanced understanding of media and its associated pedagogies.


Inferring causal relationships in observational data is crucial for understanding scientific and social processes. We develop the first statistical machine learning approach for automatically discovering regression discontinuity designs (RDDs), a quasi-experimental setup often used in econometrics. Our method identifies interpretable, localized RDDs in arbitrary dimensional data and can seamlessly compute treatment effects without expert supervision. By applying the technique to a variety of synthetic and real datasets, we demonstrate robust performance under adverse conditions including unobserved variables, substantial noise, and model


We have analyzed the linkage of protein phosphorylation to the remodeling of chromatin structure that accompanies transcriptional activity of the rat osteocalcin (OC) gene in bone‐derived cells. Short incubations with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, induced marked changes in the chromatin organization of the OC gene promoter. These changes were reflected by loss of the two DNase I hypersensitive sites normally present in bone‐derived cells expressing this gene. These hypersensitive sites include the elements that control basal tissue‐specific expression, as well as steroid hormone regulation. Indeed, the absence of hypersensitivity was accompanied by inhibition of basal and vitamin D‐dependent enhancement of OC gene transcription. The effects of okadaic acid on OC chromatin structure and gene activity were specific and reversible. Staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, did not significantly affect transcriptional activity or DNase I hypersensitivity of the OC gene. We conclude that cellular phosphorylation‐dephosphorylation events distinct from protein kinase C‐dependent reactions are required for both chromatin remodeling and transcriptional activity of the OC gene in osseous cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 72:586–594, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Progress of high-power TEA CO2 lasers is reviewed with paticular emphasis on pulse power conditioning by solid-state switching techniques. The use of the solid-state switches is a key technology forhigh-power, long-life operation because the life time of a discharge switch becomes a limiting factor of the operation life of such lasers. Another limiting factor is the degradation of the laser gas mixture. In this review, we summarize the present status of high power TEA CO2 lasers and then discuss on technical problems to be overcome for the development of high-repetition-rated TEA CO2 lasers. We also introduce two types TEA CO2 laser employing a solidstate exciter which is newly desinged and constructed for the demonstration of long-life and high-power operation.


A model of a bipolar solid-state Nd : YAG laser is proposed, which takes into account the real orientation of the absorbing and emitting dipoles of active Nd3+ centres in the unit cell of yttrium aluminium garnet. The model describes the experimentally observed effect of gain anisotropy induced by linearly polarised pump radiation and predicts a new form of instability caused by the presence of two competing pump channels, which have not been considered previously in the literature.


1 Baden HP, Digiovanna JJ. Ichthyosiform dermatoses. In: Emery and Rimoin's Principle and Practice of Medical Genetics (Rimoin DL, Pyeritz RE, Korf BR, eds). Philadelphia, PA: Academic Press, 2013; 1–26. 2 Richard G, Bale SJ. Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1420/ (last accessed 18 May 2017). 3 Shigehara Y, Okuda S, Nemer G et al. Mutations in SDR9C7 gene encoding an enzyme for vitamin A metabolism underlie autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4484–93. 4 Pigg MH, Bygum A, Ganemo A et al. Spectrum of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in Scandinavia: clinical characteristics and novel and recurrent mutations in 132 patients. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96:932–7. 5 Zimmer AD, Kim GJ, Hotz A et al. Sixteen novel mutations in PNPLA1 in patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis reveal the importance of an extended patatin domain in PNPLA1 that is essential for proper human skin barrier function. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:445–55. 6 Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH et al. Gene-targeted next generation sequencing identified PNPLA1 mutations in patients with a phenotypic spectrum of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: the impact of consanguinity. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:678–85. 7 Grall A, Guaguere E, Planchais S et al. PNPLA1 mutations cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in golden retriever dogs and humans. Nat Genet 2012; 44:140–7. 8 Grond S, Eichmann T, Dubrac S et al. PNPLA1 deficiency in mice and humans leads to a defect in the synthesis of x-O-acylceramides. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:S177. 9 Pichery M, Huchenq A, Sandhoff R et al. PNPLA1 defects in patients with ichthyosis and KO mice unveil PNPLA1 irreplaceable function in epidermal omega-acylceramide synthesis and skin permeability barrier. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:S180.


Unimolecular dissociation of –O–(X)Si< species to give X– and OSi(which immediately reacts with the solvent) is postulated to account for (a) features of the base-catalysed cleavage of R–Si bonds in solutions of RSiMe2OMe (R =m-ClC6H4CH2 or PhCC) in 5% H2O–MeOH and (b) the rapid conversion of (Me3Si)3CSiPh(OH)I into (Me3Si)3CSiPh(OH)(OMe) by methanolic MeONa.


Basis on clarifying the similarities and differences between Technology Foresight and Technology Forecast, We discusses the role and significance of technology foresight in the regional science and technology management. Analysis the necessity and feasibility of technology foresight of Fujian Province. Proposed regional Technology Foresight based on local characteristics should be pay attention to their systematic, continuity and sustainability, focus on coordination of national technology foresight, focus on convergence and collaboration with the science and technology policy of neighboring provinces.


The aim of this study was to derive the best combination of teeth with which new prediction equations could be formulated, resulting in more accurate prediction of the combined sizes of the permanent canine and premolar teeth for the white and black South African populations. The mesio-distal tooth sizes of each tooth from first molar to first molar were measured for both arches on a sample of dental casts. The data were subjected to a series of statistical correlation and regression. The sum of the permanent upper first molar, upper central incisor and lower lateral incisor were found to produce the most accurate predictions for both the white and black samples. The newly formulated equations were more applicable to and accurate in the South African white population, and for South African black female population; however, there was no improvement in the accuracy of forecasting tooth size for the South African black male population.


A tanulmany bemutatja a Polgar-Bosnyakdomb tellszerű telepulesen vegzett komplex regeszeti kutatasokat, kiterve a terepbejarasok, mintavevő furasok, magnetometeres felmeresek es regeszeti feltarasok eredmenyeire. Reszletesebben elemzi a 2007-ben feltart proto-tiszapolgari epuletet es a halmot korulvevő arkot, es ennek kapcsan foglalkozik a Karpat-medencei – es szelesebb osszefuggesben a delkelet-europai – tellek megszűnesenek kerdesevel is.
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 The recent phase of archaeological excavations at the Late Neolithic tell settlement of Polgar-Csőszhalom (Fig. 1.2) has lasted since 1989. It was aimed at contextualizing the primary archaeological results of the 1957 field season on within a continuously expanding frame of reference. Results of surveys in the micro region exploring its natural geography have shown that the complex settlement of Polgar-Csőszhalom was the dominant settlement on what is called "Polgar Island", a natural elevation in the surrounding floodplain. This Late Pleistocene loess plateau extended over an area of 60–70 km2 during the Late Neolithic (i. e. between 5000 and 4600/4500), delineating a natural habitation area. The mound called Bosnyakdomb is located on the southern edge of "Polgar-sziget", some 5 km south of Polgar-Csőszhalom as the crow flies. It was identified as a tell-like settlement during field surveys carried out within the framework of the Upper Tisza Project in 1992 (Fig. 1.1). It is also important to note that the well known Early and Middle Copper Age cemetery of Polgar-Basatanya is located only 2 km south of this site (Fig. 1.3).The double structure of Polgar-Bosnyakdomb (the combination of a habitation mound and a horizontal settlement) is reminiscent of the micro-topographical conditions of Polgar-Csőszhalom, it is therefore important to establish the relationship between these two sites. In order to clarify this problem, repeated field surveys had been carried out followed by a magnetometric survey in 2001 that focused on the mound and its immediate environment within the study area. Results of these investigations have shown that the entire settlement was located along a former branch of the Tisza River, occupying an elongated area of about 96,000 m2 on the bank of the creek called Kiraly-er (Figs 3 and 4). In addition, the magnetic survey clearly showed the traces of an oval ditch system around the settlement mound forming an enclosure of 7400 m2 (Figs 4 and 5). Moreover, magnetic survey data also showed burnt settlement features of regular shapes, built quite tightly next to each other within the enclosure (Fig. 5). In addition, sporadically distributed burnt features were also identified in the surrounding horizontal settlement. Parallel, intensive collections of pot shards seem to suggest that the settlement was most densely populated during the end of the cultural development described at Csőszhalom, the so-called Proto-tiszapolgar Phase. Soil borings carried out at Bosnyakdomb identified a habitation layer within the enclosure that was approximately 150 cm thick. On this basis, the site of Bosnyakdomb may indeed be considered a tell-like settlement.Research at Polgar-Bosnyakdomb continued in 2007 with the more precise archaeological identification of features beneath the surface. Magnetic anomalies outlined an oblong surface in the center of the elevated enclosure where an excavation trench measuring 11 by 6 m was opened (Figs 2, 5, and 6). At an average depth of 40 cm, the scattered rubble originating from a ca. 8 by 5 m house with slightly trapezoid ground plan became clearly visible. This feature had been disturbed at several points by deep plowing and subsequent digging (Fig. 6). A heavily fired external oven with a rounded square ground plan was discovered at the SW corner of the house. The firing plates of two fireplaces in close proximity to each other were discovered in the southern section of the building. The level of the more-or-less burnt floor surface could also be identified beneath the rubble. The timber structure of the house excavated at Bosnyakdomb was based on columns measuring 15–20 cm in diameter, dug only 25–35 cm below the floor surface. At the same time robust, 20–25 cm thick walls were built on this wooden structure. This wattle and doub house discovered at Bosnyakdomb is smaller than the houses discovered at the habitation mound and external settlement of Csőszhalom whose average length was 8–15 m while their widths varied between 4–7 m. The wooden structure of the houses was also different as the Csőszhalom houses had been supported by thicker timber dug into far greater depths. These observations seem to suggest that the lighter version of the Late Neolithic wattle and daub house was discovered at the site of Bosnyakdomb, possibly designated for a shorter life span. Eleven in situ vessels (Fig. 6.1, 6, 10; Fig. 8.1–8, 10–12) were found. Rough clay fragments from a square-shaped clay storage vessel plastered on twigs were also recovered (Fig. 9). The fragment of a perforated antler axe must also have belonged to the ancient household (Fig. 6.9). Even without the in-depth analysis of the forms and decorative motifs of the vessels found in the Bosnyakdomb house it is clear that their best parallels are present in Proto-tiszapolgar type assemblages Hodmezővasarhely-Gorzsa and Berettyoujfalu-Herpaly.The 4 by 6 m south-western section of the 11 by 6 m trench opened at Bosnyakdomb could be excavated down to the virgin soil in 2008. This work revealed the fragments of another house below the Proto-tiszapolgar phase building explored in 2007. Red and white painted ceramics recovered from this feature link the level to phase III at Csőszhalom. Another thick deposit of Late Neolithic fill was discovered beneath this house that, however, did not reveal sherds of black painted ceramics as would have been typical of the early period of Csőszhalom.Several late Neolithic, Proto-tiszapolgar pits penetrated this fill as well as the virgin soil below. One of these seems to have been of a special, sacral function as was indicated, among others, by elements of an incomplete human skeleton. Sporadic Middle Neolithic material was found at the bottom of this tell-like settlement whose shards represent the typical mixture of Bukk–Esztar–Szakalhat stylistic elements.In 2007, two test trenches (Squares 2 and 3) were opened in the northern and southern sections of the oval ditch detected in the magnetometric survey maps in order to clarify the nature of the enclosure (Fig. 2). Both trenches verified the existence of a 240 m deep ditch of V cross-section that must have been dug at the time the settlement was established (Fig. 7.1–2).Stratigraphic observations may be summed up as follows: tell formation in the central enclosure at Polgar-Bosnyakdomb began in parallel with the early phase of the tell settlement at Csőszhalom. It continued throughout the Proto-tiszapolgar phase and ended in a general fire. These phenomena may be indicate that the abrupt cessation of tell settlements was a symptom of a general crisis in the definition of tell communities and led to the disintegration of the former system of settlements. The built environment of tell settlements was an evidently limited physical living space, within which differences between individual households of the community developed. As a result, external space beyond the enclosure gained increasing symbolic significance in expressing social differences. Burials outside of the tell were eventually organized into cemeteries in this new arena of social competition. It seems that the symbolic expression of communal cohesion shifted toward the context of cemeteries and the previous communal/sacral importance of the settlement declined.Ditch and palisade systems created along with the construction of tells may be considered three dimensional symbolic structures that evidently survived Late Neolithic tells. During the Early Copper Age Tiszapolgar culture, these fortifications belonged to the environment of single layer, horizontal settlements as is shown by the examples of Tiszaug-Kisretpart, Vesztő-Bikeri and Korosladany-Bikeri. According to this approach, the tell-like settlement of Polgar-Bosnyakdomb and its single, oval ditch reflect a transition between the Tisza and Tiszapolgar cultures. During later phases of the Copper Age, such as the Bodrogkeresztur culture, circular ditch systems seem to become completely separated from settlements. As is shown by the examples of Fuzesabony-Pusztaszikszo and Szarvas 38, they serve as areas of exclusively sacral activity. Interpreting the phenomena observed at Polgar-Bosnyakdomb was greatly aided by the discovery of similar palisade systems by W. Parkinson and his team around the settlement remains of Vesztő-Bikeri and Korosladany-Bikeri, located some 1.5 km south of the Late Neolithic tell at Vesztő-Magor. More detailed archaeological investigations at these sites also indicated a life span that had post-dated the Tisza culture identified at the Vesztő tell: the two sets of horizontal settlement remains recovered on both banks of the Dio Stream represented the Early Copper Age Tiszapolgar culture.The transitional cultural/chronological position of Bosnyakdomb seems to be supported by an additional observation in archaeological topography. A new, Tiszapolgar settlement was established on the opposite bank of Kiraly Stream, across from the Bosnyakdomb settlement that ceased to exist at the end of the Prototiszapolgar Period (Figs 1 and 3). The absolute chronological position of Polgar-Bosnyakdomb may be outlined on the basis of two radiocarbon dates: 4612–4503 cal BC (VERA-4764) and 4581–4461 cal BC (VERA-4765). These values strongly support previous hypotheses that the Tiszapolgar culture began around 4500/4400 cal BC. This makes the approximately 4600–4500 cal BC dating for the Late Neolithic Proto-tiszapolgar Phase realistic.


The dilational properties of sodium 2-hydroxy-3,5-didecyl benzene sulfonate were expounded at both water-air and water-decane interfaces. It showed that the dilational moduli were one order of magnitude higher than ordinary surfactants such as alkyl benzene sulfonates and the dilational phase angles had lower negative values. These results were attributed to the hydrogen bond formed between surfactant molecules at the interface.


The present invention provides a process for the production of a more excellent conductivity of fine wiring pattern can be exhibited it is easily obtained conductive paste and the conductive metal particles used therefor. And conductive metal particles (A), a thermosetting resin composition (B), and conductive containing said organic solvent having a boiling point of 170 to 300 ° C. at normal pressure without (B) and a reactive (C) in sexual paste, said as the conductive metal particles (a), a median particle size (D50) of the 0.1 to 10 [mu] m, using metal particles having a site bonded with a fatty acid and a metal having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and the conductive paste, and free fatty acids having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and wherein the metal particle mixture containing the metal particles has a portion with the fatty acid and metal are bonded, by heating, free carbon atoms removing fatty acids having 6 to 24, to provide a method of manufacturing the conductive paste for the conductive metal particles.


This study aims to describe the fish assemblage using ecological descriptors (richness, abundance, diversity of Shannon-Wiener, uniformity, relation richness/abundance and constancy. Fish sampling were carried out every two month from August 2004 to June 2005 in a stretch of 50 m long in nine tributaries and in the main channel of the Ribeirao Ouvidor. Four thousand forty-nine fish were collected using electric fishing equipment. These individuals are distributed in 35 species, six Orders and fourteen families. The most abundant species were Astyanax cf. fasciatus Cuvier, 1819 (762 individuals), Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 (725) and Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 (650). The correlation between the channel width and the richness suggests that width streams has greatest richness that those with narrow channels. Only the diversity of Shannon-Wiener showed significant differences among streams. Astyanax cf. fasciatus and Rhamdia quelen Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 were present in all the streams sampled, whereas the greatest number of constant species was found in the Santo Antonio stream.


A common mistake in analysis of cluster randomized trials is to ignore the effect of clustering and analyze the data as if each treatment group were a simple random sample. This typically leads to an overstatement of the precision of results and anticonservative conclusions about precision and statistical significance of treatment effects. This article gives a simple correction to the t statistic that would be computed if clustering were (incorrectly) ignored. The correction is a multiplicative factor depending on the total sample size, the cluster size, and the intraclass correlation ρ. The corrected t statistic has Student's t distribution with reduced degrees of freedom. The corrected statistic reduces to the t statistic computed by ignoring clustering when ρ = 0. It reduces to the t statistic computed using cluster means when ρ = 1. If 0 < ρ < 1, it lies between these two, and the degrees of freedom are in between those corresponding to these two extremes.


PurposeTransitional entrepreneurship in distressed economies is a fairly new concept with respect to new ventures in such challenging economic environments. Formal institutional voids are sometimes held up as a reason for the difficulties present in distressed economies, along with exogenous shocks and other upheavals. In this research, the authors seek to contribute empirically and theoretically as to ways in which formal institutions voids can be filled by a culture developed by transitional entrepreneurs. Indeed, in transition economies, formal institutions need to be enhanced by informal institutions to control corruption and other misbehavior by authorities. Iranian economists emphasize these essential reforms to be able to manage current difficulties, yet top down policies cannot help transitional entrepreneurs benefit from the country's value-adding cultural heritage to informally address this. To study this, qualitative research methods were used to interpret transitional entrepreneurs' ideology and ethical routines as the ingredients of a commercial culture that can establish soft law that substitutes for formal institutions. This helps to reduce the disfunctionality of formal institutions in distressed economies.Design/methodology/approachA thematic analysis interviewing key Iranian entrepreneurs and economists is conducted. Also based on an interpretive paradigm, a hermeneutic cycle has been carried out on selected texts. Results have been verified throughout related literature as to come up with a solid synthesized interpreted outcome.FindingsThis paper contributes to theory from a new perspective by discussing transitional entrepreneurship and navigating a distressed economy; in which, ideology and ethics as the ingredients of soft law (Newman and Posner, 2018) are discussed as the base to further develop a commercial culture that fills voids of formal institutions. The formal–informal institutional cycle in distressed economies as the major difficulty entrepreneurs face (Peng and Luo, 2000) is important, because they try to increasingly enhance their move toward a market orientation (Bruton et al., 2008). The authors contribute as to how transitional entrepreneurs can complete this process of adaptation and also the fact that those informal institutions do actually respond to those adaptations. The other contribution is to enrich theories about institutions from the point of view of culture. Knowing these facts helps transitional entrepreneurs, because in distressed communities, formal institutions' function has an important effect on economic performance (Amorós, 2009). This research's contributions shed light to help government leaders understand the pros and cons of their actions forced on the industry. As it has been characterized in this research, it can turn in to new formal set of legitimacies (Ahlstrom et al., 2008) to root out corruption and help set the economy on a path to innovation and new venture creation.Originality/valueTransitional entrepreneurs can depend on the less formal cultural-cognitive aspect of ethics and ideology. These entrepreneurs can be working on the burgeoning private sector, who want to connect with the outside effectively to overcome an economy in distress. Transitional entrepreneurs may face governmental institutional intermediaries as a barrier. Formal intermediaries tend to benefit from inefficiencies caused by hierarchal orders and will improve informality in order to overcome difficulties. In this research, institutional theory from the third pillar of the cultural-cognitive sheds light on transitional entrepreneurship in distressed economies, where inquiry is to fill voids of formal institutions as a process of possible linking between new generated soft law derived by beliefs, ideology and professional morality in order to influence (old) legitimacies. The research's focus evolves on values transitional entrepreneurs utilize to build informal institutions and then impact further on formal institutions to handle distressed communities. This theoretical background expands on subsections to define conceptual building blocks for the study, essential aspects such as individuals as transitional entrepreneurs, the values they utilize to generate soft law, informal institutions and soft law, to manage voids in formal institutions and legitimacy building aspects in policy agenda setting for transitional entrepreneurship in distressed economies.


The research situation of the intelligent error diagnosis and the drawbacks of main methods in intelligent error diagnosis are analysed in this paper. The error sources come mainly from lathe, cutter, jig and work pieces. The novelty expert system could diagnose error sources in this paper. Based on analyzing errors produced in machining, the paper measure and find out several errors exceeding standard and confirm possible error sources tentatively according to these errors, then, approach and eliminating possible error sources, examine other error sources to check whether errors exist, eliminating and verify further to the error sources, circulate in this term, finally, verify it, the cause of machining errors can be gained.


An attempt to determine the various phenomena at play and leaching mechanism of chalcopyrite dissolution, was conducted on a chalcopyrite concentrate. The study was performed at atmospheric conditions (room temperature) in a stirred Erlenmeyer flask with 10% solid at free pH in acidic sulphate system. It appears that, the mineral dissolution is to some extent dependent on the pH. The Cu dissolution curve was characterized at the early stage by a rapid withdrawal of both copper and solid residue. Leachate solid residue characterization results, obtained from the X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of intermediate minerals phases including bornite, covelite and chalcocite. Thermodynamic calculations predict that the dissolution of bornite and chalcocite would be spontaneous while covelite was found to be refractory. In addition to that, sulfur and gangue related mineral were identified as the dissolution reaction products.


LAMENESS has been identified as one of the major welfare problems in sheep in Britain, affecting over 90 per cent of flocks. The on-farm incidence has been estimated to be about 10 per cent (Defra 2003) and the condition negatively affects the production potential of the animal. While the major causes of lameness are footrot and scald (responsible for just over 80 per cent of cases and both involving Fusobacterium necrophorum ), there are also non-infectious causes such as post-dipping lameness and soil balling, which are significant contributors to the problem. Of course, for practitioners, it is worth remembering that lameness is often the presenting sign of foot-and-mouth disease and also bluetongue, where it is the result of inflammation of the skin above the hoof.

In Mediterranean countries, large parts of Asia (most notably Mongolia and Iran) and wherever traditional manual milking is practised, contagious agalactia, caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae , represents a major impediment to meat and milk production (Nicholas and others 2008). Arthritis is a chronic sequel to mastitis and affects lambs and ewes equally. Fortunately, there is a relatively low risk of this disease, known as the 'shepherd's nightmare' in areas in southern Europe where it is …


Preparing students to be skilled in work in the 21st century and able to connect a skill in 21st century teaching/ Partnership for Teaching 21st Century Skill (P21) this articulates that students are expected to become successful individual citizens in working in the 21st. This 21st century paradigm is indispensable to ensure that at graduation students must be able to prepare themselves for work and other skills most in demand in the 21st century, namely career and life skills (CLS). This research will find and develop language teaching materials consisting of aspects of skills; listening, speaking, reading and writing, and linguistic aspects; such as grammar, vocabulary, language awareness, and language for cultural togetherness, and combining career and life skills (CLS) aspects consisting of leadership, initiative, flexibility, accountability, adaptation, social and cross-cultural skills, productivity and efficiency. Conclusion: (i) the content of Indonesian language teaching materials must adjust to the times; (ii) the teaching materials used today still have deficiencies in the aspects of content. Research suggestions: (i) teaching materials must be able to provide learning experiences and have an impact on graduates in their careers and lives, (ii) this research can be used as a reference in conducting development research. Keywords—Indonesian language teaching materials; new paradigm of 21st century learning; career and life skills


We address the rendezvous control problem of a group of thrust-propelled Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) interconnected over an undirected graph and subject to inter-agent constraints. The proposed distributed control law achieves the desired formation using only local information and guarantees inter-agent collision-avoidance as well as connectivity maintenance. Relying on the edge-agreement framework and on singular-perturbation theory of multi-stable systems we establish almost-everywhere practical input-to-state stability of the desired formation with respect to disturbances. In the absence of perturbations, asymptotic convergence to the consensus manifold is ensured. A numerical simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Combustion engines of the type used e.g. in passenger cars are operated primarily in the low and medium load and rpm ranges in everyday use and in the tests relevant for emission and fuel consumption measurements (NEDC, FTP75 etc.). Up to 40 % of the friction loss occurring in combustion engines can be attributed to the piston group; this is why optimization measures on this particular group will be particularly worthwhile. Analyses have shown that the piston - piston ring - cylinder liner tribological system is mainly operated under mixed friction conditions, i.e.,a combination between hydrodynamic and contact friction. The actual surface topography of cylinder liner and piston ring or shaft and their influence on microhydrodynamics or the contact friction percentages are shown and compared with measurements carried out on the actual engine. Micro-EHL simulation is an approach to optimize the tribological partners with regard to minimized friction losses.


Agent-based simulation provides new opportunities to resolve companies' complex problems. This paper presents an agent-based modeling approach for resolving the vehicle scheduling and fleet optimization problem. The method is implemented on case company data and various key performance indicators are generated to measure the efficiency of the solution.


VANET is new technology for integrating ad hoc network WLAN and cellular technology which is abbreviated as Vehicular Ad Hoc Network. The concept of VANET is to achieve efficiency intelligent vehicle to vehicle communication, inter-vehicle communication and improve road traffic safety and efficiency. Routing protocols are classified as topology based and position based routing protocol depending on type of information used for routing. To improve the data delivery performance in large scale network we propose the combination of SIFT and DREAM. We have also analyzed the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique on SIFT & DREAM protocol so as to improve the performance of routing protocols considering different parameters. PSO is a population based optimization technique use for finding optimum solution. PSO technique is originated from social behavior bird flocking. In PSO optimum solution is obtained from the behavior of bird. Since PSO uses for network centric localization purpose, this approach generate network navigational decisions by centralized control obviating thereby reducing the congestion and delay. KeywordsVehicular ad hoc network, DSDV, Trajectory based routing, Topology based routing, position based routing, Trajectory based forwarding, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).


We propose a long distance optics encryption system using silicon optomechanical (OM)micro-chips. Based on chaos synchronization between two slave OM micro-cavities, two 50 Mb/s messages oppositely transmitted and effectively decrypted over 500 km.


Good-deal bounds provide a range of prices within which an instrument must trade if it is not to offer a surprisingly good reward-for-risk opportunity. This approach to valuation provides an important middle course between finding a unique value and finding probably weak bounds based on super-replication. In a world where derivatives are difficult to hedge precisely, good-deal bounds reflect this; they depend on model assumptions and on the prices of the securities that would be used to exploit mispricing.

Good-deal bounds have two interpretations: we can think of them either as establishing normative bid and ask forward prices for a particular trader, or as predicting a range in which we expect the market price to lie.

We cover the main issues without going too deeply into mathematical technicalities, describing the nature of the construction and giving insights into the analysis, including the use of duality in the solutions. We also sketch the history of the topic, including that of the closely related generalized Sharpe ratio, and the link to coherent risk measures. There is also a discussion of the role of the utility function. The article concludes with a short account of the more recent and prospective literature.

Keywords:

good-deal;
super-replication;
coherent risk measure;
stochastic discount factor;
change of measure;
generalized Sharpe ratio;
arbitrage;
equilibrium


The atomic structures of the nonlinear optical materials potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4, or KTP) and potassium titanyl arsenate (KTiOAsO4) feature one- dimensional channels through which the potassium ions are relatively free to migrate. Ion exchange results when these materials are immersed in molten salts containing alkali metal ions. Sodium, lithium, and silver all exchange readily for K+ in single crystals of both KTP and KTA to yield the exchanged derivatives Na.95K.05TiOPO4 (NaTP), Na.83K.17TiOAsO4 (NaTA), Ag.85K.15TiOPO4 (AgTP), Ag.98K.02TiOAsO4 (AgTA), Li.45K.55TiOPO4 (KLTP), and Li.46K.54TiOAsO4 (KLTA), which are all KTP isostructures. The optical nonlinearities (measured as SHG intensities) of the limiting compositions in the NaTA, KLTP, and KLTA systems are similar to that of KTP, but are much smaller in NaTP, AgTP, and AgTA. Single crystal x-ray data have revealed differences in coordination of the mobile cations to oxygen atoms linking the TiO6 groups in these compounds, and these differences correlate with changes in optical nonlinearity. The observed nonlinearities can be rationalized if they are viewed as being dependent on the degree to which delocalized charge- transfer excited state character can be mixed into ground state bonding and nonbonding orbitals in the TiO6 chains. The relative lack of association of Na+ and Li+ ions with these chains in NaTA, KLTP, and KLTA allows extensive excited state delocalization, and thus significant electronic hyperpolarizability.


A peculiar type of urbanization due to the plan of arterial road networks isforecasted in the Ogura basin located in the south of Kyoto.Several countermeasures against changes of flood runoff due to the urbanizationin recent years have been completed or are continuing in this area, such as theconstruction of the Kumiyama Pump Station with a pump of 30 m3/s in 1973 and thechannel improvements to the River Furu since 1971. In addition, as a momentumwith the flood disaster caused by record heavy rainfall in July, 1986, a pump of 30m3/s was added in the Kumiyama Pump Station in 1987 and the construction of anew pump station is being planned at the upper stream of the River Furu. Thesemeasures, however, are derived on the basis of the present urbanization of the area.This paper discusses the influence of this peculiar urbanization on flood risk bysetting several urbanization stages such as Future I-IV, on the basis of floodsimulation by the kinematic runoff model and the diffusive tank model. Further-more, several countermeasures for every stage of the urbanization are examined bythe simulation model.


To inerease yield of Elymus sibiricus grass,metallograph method and SPAD-502plus were used to measure stomatal density and relative content of chlorophyll of three cultioars of the E.sibiricus.The results showed that density of E.sibiricus stomatal gradually changed in growth period,and decreased in full-bloom stage,the change trend of relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)of E.sibiricus was the same to potato stomatal density basically.Through the experimental,it was concluded that stomatal density and the SPAD of Qingmu NO.1were maximum,and its grass yield was the highest.


Vehicle, in particular automobile, comprising a chain of thermal / hydraulic hybrid drive (10) having an engine (11), at least one hydraulic motor (13), a hydraulic pump (12) adapted to supply hydraulic pressure to the motor hydraulic, a mechanical transmission system of hydraulic origin (20) and a mechanical transmission system of thermal origin (40) having a heat input shaft distinct from the shaft of the engine, coupled to the heat engine, and a splitter power (30) coupled ente the shaft of the heat engine, the heat input shaft and the pump shaft; the shaft of the heat engine, the heat input shaft and the pump shaft being coaxial.


ABSTRACT Many major crises are unexpected, unprecedented, and life-threatening on a large scale. The Dunkirk evacuation by the British in 1940 is a classic example, and the recent global COVID-19 pandemic is another one. Efficient public-private collaborations are critical in such "Dunkirk moments" for problem solving and crisis attenuation, with knowledge sharing and creation, in turn, forming the core of such collaborations. Based on a case of the COVID-19 pandemic, in which problems of facial mask manufacturing and distribution were solved through improvised public-private collaborations, this article systematically highlights the necessary conditions for successful public-private collaboration. Given the conditions thus identified, we further elaborate on the roles that knowledge plays as well as the nature of knowledge activation/creation in such a collaboration.


Introduction: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the standard of treatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR (endothelial growth factor receptor) gene activating mutation. Objective: The evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of TKI drugs in NSCLC patients treated in single centre. Material and methods: NSCLC patients treated with TKI (gefitinib, erlotynib, afatinib) between 2012– 2016 were retrospectively analysed. We evaluated: overall response rate (ORR) which is the sum of complete responses (CR) and partial remissions (PR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AE) according to CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) scale. Results: The study group were 16 patients ORR was 50% (CR: 1, PR: 7). Median PFS and OS was 8,7 and 22,9 months respectively. Adverse events observed mainly in stage 1 and 2 were related to hyponatraemia, hyperbilirubinemia, skin toxicity and mucositis. There was one death reported due to infectious complications. Conclusion: The efficacy and toxicity of TKI in study group were found to be similar to those described in the literature.


A poly-silicon piston micro-mirror array, which has been enhanced with a multilayer coating to exhibit special reflective properties at Cu Kα emission line of 1.54 Å is presented. The micro-mirror array is fabricated using the MEMSCAP PolyMUMPs process and packaged in a ceramic package. The packaged array is coated using atomic layer deposition with an Al2O3/W multilayer. The first Al2O3 layer is thicker than for a normal bilayer pair and prevents the mirror coating from creating an electrical short. This device was tested before and after coating. The snap-down voltage was reduced by half, but qualitatively the mechanical motion remained similar. The fabrication process presented for the Cu Kα wavelength at 1.54 Å can be easily adapted to other optical MEMS and for other wavelengths.


Results are described which were obtained during the first year of the three year study of vibrational control (VC) approach to the problem of stabilization of Continuous Stirred Tank Chemical Reactors (CSTR). The objective of the first year study was the analysis of the efficiency of the VC in increasing the area of stability of CSTR. This objective was achieved on the basis of the following development. Equations describing the dynamics of CSTR under periodic oscillations of input flow rate were derived and linearized equations were obtained. These equations are characterized by a periodic matrix diagonal elements of which are not equal to zero. In this case, the traditional VC routine is not applicable. A new routine of VC was developed applicable to the mentioned situation. Also, the basis of nonlinear VC theory was established. The developed routine was applied to the equations of CSTR in order to show that VC allows to stabilize the steady states where the rate of conversion is of the order of 0.5. This implies that the productivity of the reactor can be increased, theoretically speaking, by a factor of 3 divided by 5.


Choosing the Good: Christian Ethics in a Complex World Dennis P. Hollinger Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 2002 (299 pages)


Humans long ago learned to use symbols to record events,transmission ofinformation,expressing emotion,mankind has created symbols and giving them meaning,the symbol is the significance of these particular roles in people's lives,human beings created process is the symbol of cultural development.Network symbol is a web-based media to spread a special symbol,is a highly developed network of science and technology against a backdrop of the times,and it has diversity,randomness,timeliness,times and so on.It is closely related with people's lives,is that people meet the individual requirements of the product,with the advent of the information age and the vigorous development of the development,this paper will be the language of this special network system of induction,classification,setting out its value,the evolution process and the impact on the future life.


The main objective of this research is to investigate the performance of bamboo and E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composite (BEGRC) for various applications. Initially, manual bamboo fiber extraction method was applied on Ethiopian highland bamboo species "Yushania Alpina" and soaked in a 5% NaOH to remove lignin and hemicellulose from fibers. Next, the bamboo and E-glass fiber test specimen was fabricated with 45% total fiber volume fraction and tensile, compressive, in-plane shear and flexural tests were carried out using universal testing machine. In the case of bamboo to E-glass fiber ratio of 50 : 50, it has high elastic modulus and better compressive strength. Therefore, it is clear that that bamboo and E-glass reinforced epoxy hybrid composite can be applied to various systems that require light weight and high strength.


A one-pot tandem process involving an Overman rearrangement, ring closing enyne metathesis and a hydrogen bonding directed Diels-Alder reaction has been developed for the efficient diastereoselective synthesis of functionalised amino substituted tetralin and indene ring systems.


Abstract In C4 species, the major &bgr;‐carbonic anhydrase (&bgr;‐CA) localized in the mesophyll cytosol catalyses the hydration of CO2 to HCO3−, which phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase uses in the first step of C4 photosynthesis. To address the role of CA in C4 photosynthesis, we generated transgenic Setaria viridis depleted in &bgr;‐CA. Independent lines were identified with as little as 13% of wild‐type CA. No photosynthetic defect was observed in the transformed lines at ambient CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). At low pCO2, a strong correlation between CO2 assimilation rates and CA hydration rates was observed. C18O16O isotope discrimination was used to estimate the mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion from the intercellular air space to the mesophyll cytosol (gm) in control plants, which allowed us to calculate CA activities in the mesophyll cytosol (Cm). This revealed a strong relationship between the initial slope of the response of the CO2 assimilation rate to cytosolic pCO2 (ACm) and cytosolic CA activity. However, the relationship between the initial slope of the response of CO2 assimilation to intercellular pCO2 (ACi) and cytosolic CA activity was curvilinear. This indicated that in S. viridis, mesophyll conductance may be a contributing limiting factor alongside CA activity to CO2 assimilation rates at low pCO2.


Most state-of-the-art discriminative tracking approaches are based on either template appearance models or statistical appearance models. Despite template appearance models have shown excellent performance, they perform poorly when the target appearance changes rapidly. In contrast, statistic appearance models are insensitive to fast target state changes, but they yield inferior tracking results in challenging scenarios such as illumination variations and background clutters. In this paper, we propose an adaptive object tracking approach with complementary models based on template and statistical appearance models. Both of these models are unified via our novel combination strategy. In addition, we introduce an efficient update scheme to improve the performance of our approach. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves superior performance at speeds that far exceed the frame-rate requirement on recent tracking benchmarks. key words: object tracking, discriminative correlation filter, adaptive combination, model update


A description of a new version of the Automatically Gain Controlled pulse amplifier is given. The amplifier gives constant output pulse-height and pulse-shape for an input pulse-height range of about 30 dB with a rise time of less than 15 ns. Input pulses with rise-times up to 80 ns are accepted. The amplifier is suitable for fast as well as slow pulses, and the time spread for the accepted pulse-height interval is less than 1 ns for fast pulses. A review of the application possibilities in the range of time measurements involving large pulse-height ranges is given. (auth)


The allelopathic potentials of volatiles of Wedelia trilobata L.were investigated to determine the role of allelopathy in successful invasion of this alien plant in South China.The results showed that volatiles released from leaves and stems of W.trilobata L.in an airproof system significantly inhibited the seedling growth of Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.,Bidens pilosa L. and Alternanthera sessilis L.Essential oil obtained from the steam distillation of fresh leaves and stems also significantly inhibited the seedling growth of the three weeds.The denser the essential oils was the more inhibitable it becomes.The experiments showed that volatiles of W.trilobata have allelopathic potentials which can be used as an important mechanism of successful invasion of this alien species.


IN REVIEWING THE HISTORY OF RAINFOREST clearance, K. J. Willis et al. ("How 'virgin' is virgin rainforest?", Perspectives, 16 Apr., p. 402) conclude that rainforests are "quite resilient," and that given time they "will almost certainly regenerate" from modern slash-and-burn clearance. Out of context, such statements may mislead policy-makers and weaken protection. Although regrown rainforest may appear floristically diverse or restored (1), it may hold only a small proportion of the prehuman ("natural") richness and abundance of most taxa—including vertebrates, invertebrates, lichens, mosses, and microbes. Such taxa are highly dependent on the structure and microclimate of a forest (2, 3). How would we know they were missing? Unfortunately, given the very poor preservation opportunities for many taxa, paleoecological evidence of the natural animal communities of rainforests is even more sparse than that for plants: The rainforests as discovered by scientists were possibly greatly impoverished compared with their prehuman state, yet we could not detect this. The prehistoric loss of the majority of the Pleistocene megafauna in some areas (e.g., giant sloths in the Amazon) means some forests can never be restored. The loss of endemic species from isolated forests is also irreversible. Few witnessing the loss of rainforest in Madagascar, for example, could believe it to be fully reversible. We should not assume that modern slash-and-burn clearance is comparable in impacts to that of early forest peoples— just as modern coppice management on forest reserves in Britain does not produce the same community as did "traditional" coppicing (3). Rainforests may be hypothesized to have been substantially impoverished by traditional management and clearance, as were British forests. Contemporary clearance—and hunting—may impoverish them further and may also be hard to monitor. A precautionary approach may be appropriate when advising forest managers. CLIVE HAMBLER Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. E-mail: email@example.com


This paper presents a study on the geometrical interaction of the subsystems of a vehicle under development. It starts from the design requirements, imposed in this case by the operation of an off-road vehicle driven on the colombian terrains and powered by a hybrid powertrain. Methods from industrial design and engineering were combined in the study. The geometrical characteristics were studied by considering their impact on different functional requirements. As a result, a proposed geometrical configuration of the vehicle is presented. It was generated as a product of the proposed methodology.


National but local: the identity of a home-made language. Most of the macroscopic features of the Italian language spoken in contemporary Italy, such as its regional and frequently "non-standard" modes, are to be connected to the somewhat hereditary way in which it is learned. Indeed, for most people the "language of the Nation" has not been acquired through education so much as through individual initiative, that shows up in relevant impingements on the traditional mother tongue. In this perspective the language currently spoken by Italian people confirms the "plurality" characteristic of Italian identity, but is also an indicator of the unachieved sense of belonging to the national community that is a long-term feature of Italian history.


Sirs: Acute encephalitis is a serious neurological complication associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and its neuroimaging abnormalities have been infrequently reported [1]. We describe a patient with EBV encephalitis in whom serial diffusion-weighted MR imagings (DWI) showed reversible vasogenic edema in the bilateral basal ganglia along with a complete clinical recovery within a few weeks. To our knowledge, no study has used serial DWI and calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in cases of EBV encephalitis with basal ganglia involvement. Our patient was a previously healthy, 17-year-old male student who developed several seizures and subsequent mental deterioration after 3 days' history of mild fever and throbbing headache. On admission, he was drowsy but did not show any focal neurological deficits. Vital signs were normal except for a mild fever (37.9 °C). Neither hepatosplenomegaly nor lymphadenopathy could be demonstrated. Initial brain CT was unrevealing and the first DWI showed symmetrical hyperintensities in the bilateral basal ganglia and left insular cortex with increased ADC values (Fig. 1A, B). Conventional MRI showed hyperintensities in the same regions on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images (Fig. 1C). No contrast enhancement was found and the vascular morphology was normal on MR angiography. Laboratory studies were significant for marginal leukocytosis (lymphocyte 65 %) and elevated creatine kinase. The CSF contained 150 white cells/mm3 (60 % lymphocytes), elevated protein (80 mg/dL), and normal glucose. The serum and CSF concentrations of lactate and pyruvate were normal. Antibiotic treatment was started with ceftriaxon and ampicillin. The antiviral agent acyclovir was given as well. On day 2, he regained alertness but was confused and occasionally agitated. The CSF was found to be positive for EBV DNA, as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serologic studies revealed positive IgM titers for both the EBV viral capsid antigen (> 1:12) and EBV nuclear antigen (> 1:12), confirming the diagnosis of acute EBV encephalitis. Serologic or CSF studies for Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme borreliosis, tuberculosis, herpes simplex virus, bacteria, parasites, and fungi were all negative, as was the screening for autoimmune serology. The antibiotics were discontinued and methylprednisolone 1 g/d was added for 5 days. He gradually improved over the next 2 weeks to normal without any cognitive impairment. Repeat CSF examination on day 12 showed 60 white cells/mm3 (95 % lymphocytes), normal protein, and positive PCR for EBV DNA. The second DWI performed on day 15 revealed a decreased extent of hyperintensities as compared to the first DWI with attenuated increases in the ADC values (Fig. 1D–F). He showed no more neurological symptoms and was subsequently discharged. The third DWI performed 30 days after the second revealed a complete resolution of the hyperintensities with normalized ADC values (Fig. 1G–I). Since neuroimaging studies are normal in the majority of patients with EBV encephalitis, available reports of MRI abnormalities are limited but describe lesions that involve the basal ganglia [1–3], brainstem [4, 5], thalamus [1, 6], splenium of the corpus callosum [7], and cerebral cortex [1]. The distribution of signal abnormalities in our patient was primarily confined to the bilateral basal ganglia, consistent with the characteristic MRI findings of EBV encephalitis [1–3]. Differential diagnoses of the disorders that preferentially affect bilateral basal ganglia are extensive and include Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, anoxic encephalopathy, hypoglycemic encephalopathy, mitochondrial encephalopathy, carbon monoxide poisoning, Lyme encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Wilson disease, Huntington disease, and acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM). All of these disorders were excluded in our patient on clinical grounds and based on the results of detailed serologic and CSF tests. A prognosis of EBV encephalitis is generally favorable; however, severe cases may be lethal or result in permanent disability [1, 5]. Reliable indices for predicting the prognosis in individual cases have not yet been established. Sener [8] described DWI findings in herpes simplex encephalitis and found that increased ADC values, representative of vasogenic edema, were LETTER TO THE EDITORS


AIM: To elucidate the mechanism of polydatin(PD) in increasing the contractility of myocardial cells by observing the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) of myocardial cells of rats. METHODS: The cells were labelled with fluo-3-AM, and [Ca 2+ ]i was determined by use of confocal microscopy (ACAS 570). RESULTS: In the study, we found that [Ca 2+ ]i of myocytes was elevated 10min after adding PD (0.6 mmol/L), but [Ca 2+ ]i of some cells increased to 111.80%±2.22% vs baseline, the others to 224.00%±24.33%. The effect of PD was inhibited remarkably by pretreated with EGTA(2mmol/L), verapamil (50 μmol/L), a kind of L-calcium channel antagnist, and tetrodotoxin ( 1 μmol/L), a kind of sodium channel blocker 10 min before PD, the fluorescence value were decreased to 53.00%±9.02% , 52.00%±7.07% and 72.67%±12.70% respectively vs baseline (P0 01). CONCLUSION: The results suggested that PD could increase [Ca 2+ ]i so as to enhance the contractility of myocardium, which might be related with the open of L-calcium channel and/or sodium channel.


According to the requirements of fluid transfer control for the production process,integrated information transmission,energy conservation and management in the industrial field,the experimental system of process control was established based on fieldbus network and a long-range surveillance and control associated with comprehensive fluid transmission was formed.In the experimental system,the host computer composed of industrial control computer and WinCC software collects the data of flow,pressure and water level,the under computer composed of PLC controls each network,the video is used to observe the equipment and working conditions.The results of PID and feed forward control experiments show that the integrated process control system of teaching experiment works well.


In recent years, credit derivatives have become the main tool for transferring and hedging credit risk. The credit derivatives market has grown rapidly both in volume and in the breadth of the instruments it offers. Among the most complicated of these instruments are the multiname ones. These are instruments with payoffs that are contingent on the default realization in a portfolio of names. The modeling of dependent defaults is difficult because there is very little historical data available about joint defaults and because the prices of those instruments are not quoted. Therefore, the models cannot be calibrated, neither to defaults nor to prices. In this paper, we present a methodology for the estimation, simulation, and pricing of multiname contingent instruments. Our model is a hybrid of the well-known structural and reduced form approaches for modeling defaults. The dependence structure of our model is of a t-copula that possesses non-trivial tail dependence. Compared with the commonly used normal-copula,the t-copula allows for more joint extreme events, which have a big impact on the prices of multiname instruments, e.g. nth-to-default baskets and CDOs. We demonstrate this impact with nth-to-default baskets.


The Context of Illegal Economies and Political Institutions in West Africa Today, we are focusing on the emergence of drug trafficking – especially cocaine from South America en route to Europe – through West Africa. The level of traffic has increased dramatically over the past decade, especially the past five years, so much so that various policymakers and academics are talking about a drug epidemic in West Africa. 1 Driven by the newly intensified demand for cocaine in Western Europe, the shrinking demand for cocaine in the United States, and the pressure on cocaine smuggling from interdiction operations in the Caribbean, the level of trafficking through West Africa has increased to a quarter of Europe"s annual consumption, with seizures increasing from 1.2 tons in 2005 to 4.3 tons in the first seven months of 2007. 2 By some measures, 50% of non-U.S.-bound cocaine goes through West Africa which comes to about 13% of global flows. 3 With some countries, such as Guinea-Bissau, appearing to be overrun by drugs and significant political instability, coups, and assassinations linked to organized crime and the drug trade in the country, analysts worry about the threat the drug trade poses to the rule of law, political stability, and the quality of governance in the region. However, many of these institutional conditions already exist in West Africa and predate the emergence of the current intense drug trafficking through the region. Neither illicit economies nor the drug trade are new to West Africa. Indeed, almost immediately after its independence (and often predating it), the region has been characterized by a variety of illicit economies and their deep integration into the political arrangements and frameworks of the countries in the region. Much of the political contestation in the region has focused on getting access to the state in order to control rents from various legal, semi-illegal, or outright illegal economies -such as diamonds (Sierra Leone, Liberia), gold and other precious metals, stones, and timber (Liberia, and Sierra Leone), oil (Nigeria), and fishing (often conducted illegally and


Development of an innovative educational process. Using the achievements of science and technology in practice. Blocks of educational, scientific and innovative complexes. Integration of different types of associations on the basis of the university to improve the quality of education, research activities, training specialists for active innovation.


The final thermal preferendum (FTP) and the lower and upper thresholds of temperatures avoided were defined for the first time for Cyclops vicinus Ulyanin, 1875 (Crustacea: Copepoda). The preferred temperature on day one had a modal value of 13.9°C (range: 11–17°C), which increased on Days 2 and 3 to 20.4°C (range: 17–23°C) and 20.2°C (range: 17–22°C), respectively, and then declined during Days 4 (19.1) to 7 (17.1°C). The selection process occurs with overshoot. On days seven and eight after placement in the thermal gradient the preferred temperature stabilized at 17.1–17.5°C. These temperatures are accepted as the FTP of individual C. vicinus. Cyclops vicinus avoided temperatures below 5°C and above 29°С. We can compare these thermal ranges observed under experimental conditions with the typical temperature values reported for field populations. This study provides a proof of concept of an approach that was used previously primarily for determining species specific thermal preferences in fish and then adapted for cladocerans. This laboratory approach using C. vicinus provides an example of how this method can be used to improve interpretation of copepod phenologies in nature.


I retain the old name in preference to the newer ones, as "enteric fever." This new name refers to a single lesion, which lesion, however constant, is not the cause, exclusive seat, or descriptive of the condition; but is plainly the result of a general process. Nor is all the fever produced in or confined to the intestinal tract. Typhoid fever is a specified condition of the economy, with local modifications. We shall consider the condition known as typhoid fever first, then the lesions which are results of the process producing that condition. The laws of "disease" in general are to be reached inductively, by generalizations of physiological facts supported by clinical phenomena and morbid anatomy. These laws applied to the special conditions under consideration, are illustrated and supported by the phenomena and changes observed. The fever is the result , and not the cause of the abnormal condition. Heat is


Two highly reactive heterodinuclear bis(μ-oxo) complexes were prepared by combining mononuclear peroxo species with reduced metal precursors at −80 °C and were identified by UV-vis, EPR/NMR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy, with corroboration in the case of the CuPd system from density functional calculations.


To understand the history and status quo of nursing education of Chinese undergraduate,analysis the problem of training goal,educational pattern,evaluation system,the settings of educational and nursing practice.And to put forward the suggestions of clearing training target,changing teaching mode,perfecting evaluation system,perfecting the length of schooling and expand practice concept.


AbstractIn the case of a near-field tsunami event, coastal residents must quickly become aware of the potential danger of a tsunami taking place and start taking actions to evacuate. The present pa...


The invention belongs to the technical field of compounding of pesticides, and particularly relates to a sulprofos-contained water dispersible granule and application thereof. The Effective components of the water dispersible granule comprise etrimfos and sulprofos, and the ratio of etrimfos to sulprofos is 1:(1-10). According to the water dispersible granule, an environmental-friendly preparation is provided, the synergism is remarkable, the control effect is obvious, the use amount of the pesticides is greatly reduced, and a current problem of pesticide resistance of pests is relieved at the greatest extent.


The anionic polymerization of m-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxymethylstyrene (1) was carried out with s-BuLi in THF at −78 °C. Under these conditions, the polymerization proceeds in a living manner to afford polymers with predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Well-defined block copolymers of 1 with styrene were successfully synthesized. Poly(1)s were transformed quantitatively into poly(m-halomethylstyrene)s (halogen:  Cl, Br, I) by treating with BCl3, (CH3)3SiCl−LiBr, and (CH3)3SiCl−NaI, respectively. The resulting polymers with highly reactive benzyl halides in all monomer units retained the well-controlled structures of their parent polymers. The well-defined poly(m-halomethylstyrene)s were then coupled with living anionic polymers of styrene in THF. Well-defined comblike branched polystyrenes having almost one branch per monomer unit were prepared by coupling poly(m-chloromethylstyrene) both with polystyryllithium in THF at −78 °C for 72 h and with polystyryllithium end...


Objective
To investigate the effects of real-time feedback devices on chest compression quality test in non-medical staff during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training.

Methods
A total of 120 volunteers were recruited and trained according to American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care set in 2015. CPR performance with compression for six minutes was tested on a manikin. Volunteers were randomized into 3 groups. Group A was tested without any feedback. Group B was self-corrected in compression quality(include compression depth、rate and rebound of chest wall) using a real-time feedback device (Link CPR) . Group C was guided with a metronome. All compression data were collected via WiFi signal and stored.

Results
Significantly better mean chest compression depth was achieved in group B than that in group A and C(5.38±0.483 cm vs. 4.42±0.572cm and 4.25±0.843 cm, P < 0.05).Significantly better compression rate were observed in both group B and C than that in group A ( 113.4±5.9 and 109.0±6.8 compressions/min vs. 129.6±8.3 compressions/min, P < 0.05). Significantly less rebounding were observed in both group B and C compared with group A (56.10±32.3 and 68.30±28.8 compressions vs. 174.30±38.8compressions, P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis confirmed the compression rate was positively correlated with the numbers of rebounding (r=0.776, P<0.01). Significant statistical difference in accuracy was observed among the groups (9.8% vs. 72.9% vs. 58.5%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
In CPR training test real-time feedback device contributes to the improvement of chest compression quality through self-adjustment of compression depth, rate and rebound.

Key words:
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Training; Feedback device; Compression quality


A 26-year-old woman presented to her general practitioner with a 3-week history of nonhealing lesions over the right shin. She had returned from a holiday in Thailand 3 weeks prior and remembered numerous insect bites but could not specifically recall any bites over her shin. During her stay in


The simplified cyclotron maser model presented by Lau (ibid., vol.ED-29, p.320-35, 1982) is analyzed under small-signal conditions with an exact analytical solution to the proper boundary condition taken across a thin, hollow rotating beam. Not only is the transverse electric field discontinuous but so are the axial and radial magnetic field components. The simultaneous presence of TE and TM modes are considered, leading to modifications in the dispersion relationships. The simultaneous inclusion of both modes and space charge leads to the main contribution to the theory: TE-TM coupling, off-resonance behavior, and subcutoff operation in the drift spaces of klystron-type devices. Also, since radial displacement of the beam is taken into account, the theory predicts a peniotron interaction in the cyclotron maser. Examples are presented of gyrotron or peniotron interactions in either the TE and TM modes as well as off-resonance and subcutoff. >


Purpose – As screen time per individual increases, more users of digital devices experience ocular related diseases. The purpose of this study is to gather reasons for the vast popularity Dark Mode gained in contemporary society, by investigating previous design eras. As a general lack of trend analysis within user interface design has been identified, the goal of the study is to lay the foundation for further research in the field of user interface design. Method – The study relies on a qualitative literature review. Publications related to Dark Mode, light-on-dark color schemes and digital trends were analyzed for topic-specific content that was then elaborated to give a critically viewed framework of the emerging trend. Findings – The results of our study indicate that various factors led to creation of the hyped trend, known as Dark Mode. It was first and foremost practicality of the light-on-dark color scheme that paved the way for Dark Mode. All operating systems, many apps, platforms and even websites incorporated it in their design. Being an optional feature, Dark Mode makes it more comfortable for users to use their devices outside the light hours or in environments with bad lighting conditions.


Abstract
Despite the increasing use of the agency perspective in studies of headquarters-subsidiaries relations in the multinational corporation (MNC), opponents fundamentally question its utility. In an attempt to contribute to this debate, we evaluate prior studies and develop considerations for future research. Our review of extant studies of headquarters-subsidiaries relations that make (explicit) use of the agency perspective reveals two significant shortcomings. First, we identify a need to validate the underlying assumptions when using the agency perspective in studies of headquarters-subsidiaries relations. Second, we detect a need to better account for the complex nature of headquarters-subsidiary relations in the MNC. A focus on these two areas can improve the use of the agency perspective and, ultimately, help resolve the contentious debate over the utility of the agency perspective.


Mean-Shift algorithm with fixed bandwidth often fails in tracking an object that moves too fast or owns a dramatic change in scale.To solve the problem,a new Mean-Shift tracking algorithm based on adaptive bandwidth was proposed.Mean-Shift vector was used to predict the center position and automatically modulate the size of tracking window that fixed the object inside the window and gained accurate object position.After confirming the position,a Bhattacharyya coefficient based dichotomy was adopted to select the pantograph ratio automatically,and a tracking window adapted to the scale of object was obtained.The experimental results prove the algorithm's capability in locating object's position and scale.


The aim of this study was to promote a better understanding of the factors influencing innovation in the provision of health services by branches of the Catholic church's 'Sacred House of Mercy' (Santa Casa de Misericordia) operating in Portugal, and to determine the effects of innovation on the performance of individual staff and the local organisations as a whole. The chosen method for data collection was the questionnaire survey. The unit of analysis is constituted by the staff of Misericordias in the North of Portugal that provide health services. To evaluate the relationship between innovation and performance, recourse was made to a structural equation model and AMOS 20 software. The results of the study suggest that the Misericordias analysed display innovative behaviour that contributes positively to individual employee satisfaction, team spirit and overall organisational performance. The study provided a better understanding of the factors that influence innovation in this type of not-for-profit organisations.


Electric field-induced instabilities are investigated in the thermotropic mesophases of polyesters synthesized from 4,4′-isopropenylenediphenol and adipic acid (polyester 1) or adipic acid and (+)-3-methyladipic acid (50:50) (copolyester 2). D. C. and low frequency A. C. voltages are applied. Polyester 1 behaves like a conductive nematogen with negative dielectric anisotropy. The Williams domain pattern and the dynamic scattering mode are observed; at about 5 kHz the existence of a cut-off frequency is foreseen. According to the behavior of low molecular weight cholesterics, copolyester 2 goes from a predominantly planar texture to a focal conic one when the electric field is applied parallel to the helical axis of the planar texture. Periodic perturbations arise in polyester 1 doped with cholesteric copolyester 2 when the field is applied perpendicular to a cholesteric planar texture with oily streaks. The frequency dependence of the threshold voltage Vt for square grid is reported. As in nematic polyester 1 at about 5–10 kHz Vt appears to diverge. The behavior above Vt is in line with the results reported for low molecular weight nematic-cholesteric mixtures with ea < 0. The square grid pattern is replaced by the tilted polygonal texture which relaxes when the field is turned-off. Due to the higher viscosity of the polymer the recovery of the planar texture is slower than in the case of conventional mesogens.


: [Purpose/Significance] Network rumors spread fast and wide, but the spread effect of dispelling rumors is generally not good. Since rumor refutation is a complicated process, it is of great significance to explore the combination path of the spread effect of online rumor refutation information in different situations for efficient rumor governance. [Method/Process] Based on the perspective of configuration, this paper collected data related to rumor refuting information of microblog and short video, and used fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the combination path of high communication effect of rumor refuting information and the difference of importance of influencing factors under different situations from three dimensions of rumor type, rumor refuting subject and rumor refuting channel. [Result/Conclusion] It is found that there are obvious differences in the combination path of the spread effect of Internet rumor information under different rumor types, rumor refuting subjects and rumor refuting channels. In addition, the influence factors on the effect of network rumor dispelling information dissemination have different importance in different situations. The results of this study supplement and expand the current research on rumor-dispelling information dissemination, provide a certain theoretical explanation for the inconsistent research conclusions in the existing literature, and provide a new perspective for the application of configuration analysis methods.


Concretionary Fe-Mn-rich nodular authigenic constituents of Jurassic Navajo sandstone (moki marbles) bear a certain relationship to similar concretionary forms ("blueberries") observed on Mars. Their origin on Earth is considered to invoke variable redox conditions with underground fluids penetrating porous quartz-rich sandstone leading to precipitation of hematite and goethite-rich material from solution, generally forming about a central nucleus of fine particles of quartz and orthoclase, recently verified by XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. At the outer rim/inner nucleus boundary, bulbous lobes of fine-grained quartz often invade and fracture the outer rim armored matrix. The bulbous forms are interpreted to result from fluid expulsion from the inner concretionary mass, a response to pressure changes accompanying overburden loading. Moki marbles, harder than enclosing rock, often weather out of in situ sandstone outcrops and lie about on surfaces exposed to the subaerial atmosphere, developing a varnish-like crust. The marbles appear morphologically similar to "blueberries" identified on the martian surface in Terra Meridiani through the MER-1 Opportunity rover. On Earth, redox fluids responsible for the genesis of marbles may have emanated from deep in the crust (often influenced by magmatic processes). These fluids, cooling to ambient temperatures, may have played a role in the genesis of the cemented outer rim of the concretions. The low frequency of fungi filaments in the marbles, contrasts with a high occurrence in Fe-encrusted sands of the Navajo formation, indicating that microbial content is of secondary importance in marble genesis relative to the fluctuating influx of ambient groundwater [2]. Nevertheless, the presence


High power liquid-cooled charging components are different from conventional charging components in thermal management. Based on conventional charging components, the high power liquid-cooled charging components uses liquid -cooled pipes in charging cables to remove heat from conductors for increasing the current-carrying capacity, and reduces the cross-sectional area of conductors to reduce cable weight to improve user experience. If the high power liquid-cooled charging components overheat or leakage occurs during actual use, safety accidents may occur that may endanger the personal safety of users. In order to better understand the high power liquid-cooled charging components, this paper mainly discusses the working principle of high power liquid-cooled charging components, the selection of liquid coolant, thermal management strategy and related test standards.


One of the main goals in times series analysis is to forecast future values. Many forecasting methods have been developed and the most successful are based on the concept of exponential smoothing, based on the principle of obtaining forecasts as weighted combinations of past observations. Classical procedures to obtain forecast intervals assume a known distribution for the error process, what is not true in many situations. A bootstrap methodology can be used to compute distribution free forecast intervals. First an adequately chosen model is fitted to the data series. Afterwards, and inspired on sieve bootstrap, an AR(p) is used to filter the series of the random component, under the stationarity hypothesis. The centered residuals are then resampled and the initial series is reconstructed. This methodology will be used to obtain forecasting intervals and for treating missing data, which often appear in a real time series. An automatic procedure was developed in language and will be applied in simulation studies as well as in real examples. 122 M.M. Neves and C. Cordeiro


Objective To discuss the clinical effect of interventional treatment for the patients with acute deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs.Methods We treated 55 patients with acute deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs whom underwent catheter of popliteal vein thrombolysis under protection of vena cava filter,the patients complicated by Cockett syndrome underwent interventional treatment after thrombolysis from September 2010 to November 2012.All patients were observed and followed-up.Results Fifty four patients underwent venography after catheter directed thrombolysis.The results of venography showed that thrombosis was absolutely dissolved in 33 patients,thrombosis approximately absolutely dissolved in 18 patients with the thrombus recanalization rate of over 90%and thrombosis was most dissolved in 4 patients with the thrombus recanalization rate of over 50%.Twenty one patients have serious stenosis or occlusion in left iliac vein by means of venography.Three patients underwent balloon dilatation angioplasty and 17 did balloon dilatation angioplasty combined with endovascular stenting,of which 1was failed because the guide wire could not pass the occlusion.The time of followed-up was from 1 to 24months with an average of 15 months and there was no recurrence in thrombosis.Three patients treated with balloon dilatation angioplasty have a relapse of stenosis.The patency rate of stent in 17 cases of iliac vein was100%.Conclusions Catheter of popliteal vein thrombolysis under protection of vena cava filter could effectively dissolve thrombosis and could also effectively prevent pulmonary embolism.The iliac vein endovascular stenting is a kind of effective therapeutic strategy for the patient with Cockett syndrome,


The molar heat capacity of the rod-like compound 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile (3-CBCN), purity of 99.8mol%, has been measured with an adiabatic calorimeter at temperatures between 15 and 385K. 3-CBCN is a nematogenic mesogen, whose melting and clearing points are 316.33 and 319.09 K, respectively. The enthalpy and entropy gained at fusion are 20.4 kJmol -1 and 64.4 J K -1 mol -1, respectively; those for the nematic-to-isotropic transition are 1.1 kJmol -1 and 3.5 J K -1 mol -1 respectively. 3-CBCN exhibits a supercooled nematic phase, whose molar heat capacities have been measured from 25 K below the melting point. The molar and transition entropies of 3-CBCN are discussed in relation to those of 4-propylbiphenyl-4-carbonitrile (3-BBCN) and trans,trans-4'-propylbicyclohexyl- 4-carbonitrile (3-CCCN). There seems to exist a correlation between these values and mesophase stability. Finally, Eidenschink's theoretical model for the nematic-to-isotropic transition has been applied to 3-CBCN; the tra...


A 63-year-old right-handed man presented to the emergency department with a 3-week history of pain, swelling and redness of his right ring fingertip. Examination revealed a hot, red, fluctuant tender swelling in his lateral …


Neurones receive input from other neurones (or from specialised sensors) through transmission spots (called synapses) located on small receptive extensions (so-called dendrites) of the neurone. The resulting variations in electrical potential over the cell membrane (the outer coat of the neurone) are integrated at the axon hillock, the place where the nerve fibre (also called axon) originates. When the electrical variation at this point transcends a given value (called "threshold") a unitary (digital) electrical signal, the action potential, is generated and transported over the nerve fibre towards its destination, which is either another neurone, or a muscle fibre or some other specialised structure. For a muscle fibre, the end plate is a giant synapse.


During a recent botanical exploration in the vicinity of the city of Jacaltenango, Guatemala, an orchid was found, with characters so different from any known plant that it was initially considered to possibly represent a new genus. The study of the morphological characters showed that it was in fact a new species belonging to the genus Gracielanthus, even though it produced a whitish hyaline latex, a trait not previously described in this genus. The taxon is described and illustrated, and compared to its closest relative, Gracielanthus riodelayensis.


A novel is created to express the author's idea or feelings. In some novels there are moral values. The author makes the moral values to teach and delight the readers. Moral values are important in people's life because they teach people how to live in the society. Moral values can create people to be better in surviving their life.

This study is to find out the moral values of "The Old Man and The Sea" novel by Ernest Hemingway and to find out how the author reveals those moral values throughout his novel. The writer formulates the following questions as follow: which moral values does Ernest Hemingway want to show through Santiago's character in "The Old Man and The Sea" novel? And how does Ernest Hemingway communicate those moral values?

To answer those questions, the writer relies on moral values theory which is also supported by characterization theory. The theory of moral values is used to find out the moral values, while the theory of characterization to find out how the author communicates those moral values. This study is qualitative research. The analysis is using pragmatic approach proposed by M.H. Abrams. The purpose of pragmatic approach is to teach and delight the readers.

In analyzing this study, the first step of data collecting procedures was one straight through reading. To get the detailed understanding on moral values, then, the writer reread the novel for several times. At last, the writer quoted a dialogue and narration which reveal moral values.

The moral values found in the novel are courage, care, honesty, respect, and perseverance. Hemingway reveals the moral values through five characters' attributes. They are character's appearance, character's words, character's thoughts, character's actions, and how other characters treat him.

At last, there are eleven values revealed through the character's actions, seven values revealed through his words, eight values revealed through his thoughts, four values revealed through his appearance, and two values revealed through how other characters treat him. Hopefully, the study can be useful for both lecturers and students in understanding moral values in literature.

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This paper has been withdrawn and superseded by a new version entitled "Singularity of the London penetration depth at quantum critical points in superconductors" by Debanjan Chowdhury, Brian Swingle, Erez Berg and Subir Sachdev, posted in arXiv:1305.2918. The more recent paper has a number of new interesting results and includes a comprehensive analysis of 3 different classes of QCPs, including the one that was originally considered.


Infrared and Raman spectra of carbon dioxide monomers and dimers trapped in various matrices and in the gas phase are considered in an attempt to retrieve general regularities in vibrational shifts vs matrix properties. It is demonstrated that some useful conclusions can be drawn from an examination of the vibrational shifts as a function of the square root of the matrix material critical temperature. These correlations can be employed to roughly predict the positions of yet unknown vibrational origins or to obtain information on the nature of optically inactive hosts.


This is the first Annual Site Environmental Monitoring Report for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in southeastern New Mexico. The WIPP project is operated by the US Department of Energy (DOE) for the purpose of providing a research and development facility to demonstrate the safe disposal of radioactive wastes generated by the defense activities of the U.S. Government. The report provides a comprehensive description of environmental activities at WIPP during Calendar Year 1985, including: a description of the WIPP project and its mission; a description of the local environment, including demographics; a summary of environmental program information, including an update on the status of environmental permits and compliance activities; a presentation of the findings of the Radiological Baseline Program (RBP), which is a program to characterize radionuclide activities in the environment around the WIPP site; and a summary of findings of the Ecological Monitoring Program (EMP), which examines non-radiological impacts of WIPP construction on the surrounding ecosystem. The WIPP facility is under construction, and will not receive radioactive wastes before October 1988. Therefore, this report describes the status of preoperational (as opposed to operational) environmental activities. 29 refs., 17 figs., 22 tabs.


The contingent valuation method (CVM) has been used to assign monetary value to goods not normally bought and sold in the marketplace. Sometimes this value is used to make inferences about what a person might actually be willing to pay. The relationship between responses to willingness to pay (WTP) questions and a paying behavior was examined in this study using a conceptual framework from attitude theory. Willingness to pay was considered a behavioral intention to pay, and a mock vote on a sales tax initiative was considered a paying behavior. Two factors known to affect the intention‐behavior relationship were varied. Subjects were provided different levels of information about the good and were asked about their willingness to pay using different question contexts. Increasing the context correspondence between measures of intention and behavior strengthened the relationship. Information did not significantly increase the consistency between intention and behavior. Determining the meaning in behavioral ...


Every year, major disasters and the associated damage and loss in the UK cost millions of pounds. One of the many ways that river engineers have responded to this is to collect and upgrade the amount, and quality, of the information about floods (inland and coastal). This paper reports on a research project which aims to (a) consolidate all existing data on overbank flows over a range of scales, and (b) prepare them for publication on the 'worldwide web'. The data are classified into three major groups, i.e. small‐scale models, large‐scale models, and field data. The data contain information on stage discharge, cross‐section geometry, channel‐plan form, sinuosity, and channel boundary roughness. Using the collected data, a simplified dimensionless stage‐discharge relationship is developed. The results reveal that, using this equation, the stage within 10%, and discharge within 20%, of the measured values can be predicted.


This paper is a comment on Technological Revolutions and the Evolution of Industrial Structures: Assessing the Impact of New Technologies Upon the Size and Boundaries of Firms by Giovanni Dosi, Alfonso Gambardella, Marco Grazzi, and Luigi Orsenigo which can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2209120.


In the RFID system, bulk tag information is stored into the back-end database as plaintext format not ciphertext. In this case, the tags`s private informations can be easily compromised by an external hacker or an insider attacker. If the private informations of tags disclosed by the attackers, it can occur serious privacy invasion problem. Recently the database(DB) security is an important issue to prevent the above DB compromised attack. However, DB security for RFID systeme has not been considered yet. If we use the DB security technique into the RFID system, the above described privacy invasion` problem can be easily prevented. Based on this motivation, this paper proposes a secure and efficient back-end database security and authentication(S-DB) scheme with XOR-based encryption/decryption algorithm. In the proposed scheme, all tag`s private information is encrypted and stored by using the DB secret key to protect the DB compromised attack. As a result, the proposed S-DB scheme `can provide stronger security and more efficiency for the secure RFID system environment.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. The severity more than the presence of neuropathic pain is related to the extent of neuropathy and a compromise of emotional well-being in entrapment neuropathies.


In recent years, direct-current (DC)/alternatingcurrent (AC) three-terminal organic light-emitting devices have garnered considerable attention due to their unique device structures and special functionalities. DC threeterminal organic light-emitting device is an organic lightemitting transistor (DC-OLET) that can combine the function of electrical switching and light-emission into a single unit, is a promising candidate for next-generation displays.


PURPOSE: A thin film transistor and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to prevent an exfoliation effect of a lower electrode due to a contact plug in an annealing process. CONSTITUTION: The first interlayer dielectric(2) is formed on a semiconductor substrate(1). A contact(3) is formed through the first interlayer dielectric(2). The contact(3) has a convex portion to an upper direction. A plurality of lower electrode(4,5) is formed on the first interlayer dielectric(2) in order to cover partially an upper surface of the contact(3). A capacitor insulating layer(6) covers the first interlayer dielectric(2). An upper electrode(7) is formed on the capacitor insulating layer(6).


Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 is currently the second costliest tropical cyclone (TC) in the U.S. history, surpassed only by Hurricane Katrina (2005). This paper uses advanced data analysis methods and visualization technology to examine the role of multiscale processes in the initial formation and movement of Hurricane Sandy. To efficiently analyze high-resolution, global, and multiple-dimensional datasets, a parallel ensemble empirical mode decomposition (PEEMD) method is developed by implementing a multi-level parallelism into an ensemble EMD (EEMD). The augmentation resulted in a parallel speedup of 720 using 200 eight-core processors. Here, we discuss performance for the PEEMD in decomposing multiscale signals from data sets that represent: (i) idealized tropical waves and (ii) large-scale environmental flows associated with Hurricane Sandy (2012). Our results indicate that the PEEMD can efficiently reveal major wave characteristics such as wavelengths and periods within the data by sifting out the...