The purpose of this article is to compare the biotechnology patent filing statistics of CAS to CNRS, MIT and MPI in DII covering a time period of 1985-2005 by scientometrics methods. The analysis was classified based on applications numbers, technical fields, times cited, countries, group intensity and associative intensity. This paper also introduced the Relative Intensity (RI) indicator to visualize the relative intensity of times cited, family members, inventors and associative intensity between assignees among the four institutions. As a result of this paper, although CAS had the largest number of patents applications among the four institutions, the strength of intellectual property protection of CAS was weaker than that of the other three institutions. Firstly, compared to CNRS, MIT and MPI, CAS had mainly paid its attention to its native land protection for its intellectual property but less in overseas. Although CAS had also applied the biotechnology patents in 24 countries, CAS's average numbers per family was only 1.12, which was much lower than other three institutions. Secondly, the RI (ANA/N) indicated that the associative activity of CAS was worse than the other three institutions. These characters also had been found in the indicators of group intensity and times cited. We hope this paper could be effective for the CAS to make powerful measures to prompt its biotechnology innovations capabilities and broaden its global protection strength. Introduction Biotechnology is becoming increasingly valuable in today's society, many corporations and institutions are developing R&D in the field of biotechnology because of its widely use in many industrial sectors, such as food, drink, pharmaceuticals, textiles, energy, agriculture and chemicals. Especially, just as Global Biotechnology Center (2007) reported that there is no question that biotechnology is now the engine of innovation of the drug development industry. Chinese technological activity grew rapidly in recent years, so did the number of patent applications from the whole country since its first patent law came into force on April 1, 1985 (Shen, 1997). Chen, Yang, Fang, et al. (2008) had reported that the annual growth rate of patent applications was 48.7% and the quantity was 221,388 during the period 1999-2004. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is one of the leaders in Chinese science & technology organizations. Biotechnology is also an important researching field of CAS, and CAS has many institutes engaged in biotechnology researching works. As patent is an important indicator of technology innovation capability, there are many organizations use patents as indicators to evaluate the technology innovation capabilities in defferent levels of countries, regions or institutions. For example, OECD has developed new indicators, notably on patent families, citations, to map aspects of the innovative performance and technological progress of countries, regions or certain specific domains and technology fields (OECD, 2009). And ipIQ Inc helped NSF to do the research on Science and Engineering Indicators (SEI) for some years, in which patents had been analyzed carefully (ipIQ & NSF, 2009). At the same time, the advance of patent databases has greatly enhanced the possibilities for systematic data retrieval on a large scale (Dou & Bai 2007). Some studies on the biotechnology had been made by some researchers. For instance, OECE (2006) had made a definition of biotechnology technology by IPCs and made a comparative study on biotechnology technology of 25 countries. And Patel (2003) from University of Sussex had used the wealth of US patent documents to compare the UK with G7 countries in 10 fields of biotechnology over the period 1986 to 2000. Moreira, Muller & Pereira (2006), Ramani, ElAroui, Carrere, et al. (2008) and Rosell & Agrawal (2009) had analyzed the biotechnology A Comparative Study on the Biotechnology Patents of CAS, China 529 innovations of industry or in university by patents. However, there was hardly a comparative study on biotechnology patents of different institutions from different countries. All the above reasons prompted us to make a rapid analysis on the biotechnology patents of CAS compared with three important institutions from other countries. This article depicts the biotechnology innovation capabilities of CAS by analyzed the application activities of patents covering a time period of 1985-2005. In order to draw the relative status of CAS in the world, we select National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and The Max Planck Society (MPI) as the comparisons. All these three institutions are the important biotechnology institutions in the world. Both CNRS and MPI are national wide research organizations similar to CAS. And MIT is a top institute in US which has a different organization structure (university) to the other three organizations. The reason that we selected this research strategy is to make a deep comparison through poly-way and to find the differences between CAS and other national wide organizations and university. Data Source & Methods We used ISI Derwent Innovations Index (DII) to collect all the biotechnology patents applied by the CAS, CNRS, MIT and MPI by the application year. The patents of CAS had been collected by the names of its institutes. The patents of CNRS, MIT and MPI had been collected respectively by its assignee code given by DII. And the biotechnology patents had been collected according to the OECD definition of biotechnology patents (OECD, 2006). Since the publication date of a patent publication is generally 18 months later than the application date, in order to make exact original data, we had just downloaded the data until 2005 filing year. And there is another reason that China enacted its first patent law in 1984, which came into force on April 1, 1985, so this paper analyzed the data covering 1985-2005 filing years, which was used to make the comparisons. In this paper we calculate, analyze or visualize the biotechnology patents mainly by the tools of Thomson Data Analyzer (TDA) and MS EXCEL. The scientometrics indicators include numbers, citing, country, patent family, technical fields, relative intensity, group intensity and associative intensity. Biotechnology Patents Comparative Analysis The objectives of this section were to collect statistical data on the four institutions' patent applications from 1985 to 2005, to explore the different of different institutions at the level of applications numbers, technical fields, times cited, countries, group intensity and associative intensity to provide a better understanding of the patent activities in this four institutions. Applications Numbers in the four institutions Data revealed that the total numbers of biotechnology patent applications from the CAS (1541) were larger than the other three institutions, which were CNRS (1033), MIT (499) and MPI (588). The biotechnology patents of the four institutions occupied respectively 10.4%, 32.7%, 16.9% and 46.8% of their total patents applications (Table 1). It suggested that biotechnology was actually an important research field for all these four institutions. Table 1. Patent applications: 1985-2005 CAS CNRS MIT MPI Number of total patents 14751 3161 2954 1257 Number of biotechnology patents 1541 1033 499 588 Percentage of total patents (%) 10.4 32.7 16.9 46.8 Average annual growth rate of biotech patents (%) 37.6 9.8 15.1 10.9 Yunwei Chen, Zhiping Yang, Shu Fang 530 Figure 1 showed the every three years' growth of the biotechnology patents of the four institutions. From the figure we could see the rapid increase of CAS's biotechnology patents in the last 21 years with the highest average annual growth rate of 37.6% (Table 1). MIT held the second highest annual growth rate of 15.1%. It is expected that MIT's patent applications will exceed those from MPI and then CNRS in coming years for the latter two institutions only had that rates of 10.9% and 9.8%. The biotechnology patent applications of CAS had exceeded all the three institutions in 2000 and had enlarged the advantage year by year. One major reason may be that China's patent law came into force in 1985, which was later than America, France and Germany, and the will to seek for patent protect had also been worse than the other three countries before recent years. Until the recent about ten years the patent applications increased rapidly in China, so did it from CAS. And another reason should be that the CAS brought the Knowledge Innovation Project into effect in 1998, the purpose of which was to accelerate the development of CAS's technology innovation capabilities, it has greatly accelerated the development of CAS's technology innovation capabilities. Many institutes of CAS had paid more and more attentions to patent applications. Therefore, we can estimate that the biotechnology patents number of CAS would rank first in the coming decades of years. Growth of the biotechnology patents 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 90


To the Editor:— There is at present no generally accepted preventive of poliomyelitis, nor any effective remedy in the acute stage, other than absolute rest. Complete rest is so important in the early days of this inflammation of the central nervous system that it is usually far better to leave the child in bed at home when the disease is first suspected than to move him any appreciable distance to a hospital, particularly if the move is a fatiguing one. The early manifestations on which the disease can be suspected are fever, headache, irritability, possibly vomiting, perhaps a tremor in the hands which may cause the patient to spill his glass of water, and in particular a tender rigid spine, which will make it impossible for the child to touch his chin to his knee. When any considerable proportion of these manifestations are present, a doctor should be called to


A method of measurement of electrodynamic parameters of a helical slow-wave structure and a helical resonator in the mode involving short circuit of their ends is presented.


Satellite remote sensing has been widely used to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD), which is an indicator of air quality as well as radiative forcing. The dark target (DT) algorithm is applied to low reflectance areas, such as dense vegetation, and the deep blue (DB) algorithm is adopted for bright-reflecting regions. However, both DT and DB algorithms ignore the effect of surface bidirectional reflectance. This paper provides a method for AOD retrieval in arid or semiarid areas, in which the key points are the accurate estimation of surface reflectance and reasonable assumptions of the aerosol model. To reduce the uncertainty in surface reflectance, a minimum land surface reflectance database at the spatial resolution of 500 m for each month was constructed based on the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance product. Furthermore, a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) correction model was adopted to compensate for the effect of surface reflectance anisotropy. The aerosol parameters, including AOD, single scattering albedo, asymmetric factor, Angstrom exponent and complex refractive index, are determined based on the observation of two sunphotometers installed in northern Xinjiang from July to August 2014. The AOD retrieved from the MODIS images was validated with ground-based measurements and the Terra-MODIS aerosol product (MOD04). The 500 m AOD retrieved from the MODIS showed high consistency with ground-based AOD measurements, with an average correlation coefficient of ~0.928, root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.042, mean absolute error (MAE) of ~0.032, and the percentage falling within the expected error (EE) of the collocations is higher than that for the MOD04 DB product. The results demonstrate that the new AOD algorithm is more suitable to represent aerosol conditions over Xinjiang than the DB standard product.


Part 1 Physical education and the growing child: elementary school physical education children and activity learning motor skills using teaching strategies and techniques. Part 2 Nature and analysis of movement movement concept and skills locomotor, non-locomotor, and manipulative skills. Part 3 Health, wellness and active living: learning about the human body and wellness assessing and improving physical fitness developing a physical education curriculum planning the instructional programme organizing personnel, facilities, and equipment selecting evaluative methods and techniques designing extra-class programmes. Part 5 Provision for special needs and programmes: intergrating special needs children enhancing academic concepts and skills adapting physical education activities to the classroom. Part 6 Game and movement activities locomotor and manipulative games co-operative games soccer activites hockey activities flag or touch football activities volleyball activities basketball activities softball activities track and field and cross-country activities. Part 7 Gymnastic and movement activities: stunts, tumbling, and movement skills stunts, manipulative skills with small equipment large apparatus activities. Part 8 Dance and movement activities: rythmic and movement activities traditional and contemporary dances creative dance acticities.


A hazard is a naturally occurring process or event which has the potential to cause loss of life and property. Natural hazards are threatening events, capable of producing damage to physical and social space where they take place not only at the moments of their occurrence, but on a long term basis due to their associated consequence. In present day context, the applied geomorphologic knowledge has become very important for better understanding of natural hazards. The knowledge of geomorphology helps in mitigating various hazards or to reduce the impact to a great extent. This paper focuses on the role of Geomorphology in the prevention of various natural hazards with special emphasis to flood and erosion hazards caused by the dhansiri river of Golaghat district of Assam.


Introducing Visual Basic adding code and string events using controls working with strings working with numbers using control statments using dialog boxes using menus in VB applications printing in VB applications using files and databases creating and using ActiveX controls using the Intranet and Internet debugging VB applications handling errors.


A simple approach is proposed for enabling the conventional Mohr–Coulomb plasticity to capture the effects of relative density on the behavior of dilative sands. The approach exploits Bolton's empirical equations to make friction and dilation angles state variables that depend on the current density and confining pressure. In doing so, the material parameters of Mohr–Coulomb plasticity become void ratios for calculating the initial relative density and the critical state friction angle, all of which are measurable without calibration. A Mohr–Coulomb model enhanced in this way shows good agreement with experimental data of different sands at various densities and confining pressures. In this regard, the proposed approach permits a significant improvement in the conventional Mohr–Coulomb plasticity for sands, without compromising its practical merits.


We compared microbial community structure in two rodent species before and after captivity. One species lost a greater proportion of diversity in captivity, which was not rescued when they were returned to their natural diet. Mothers effectively transmitted microbiota to their offspring. These results have implications for captive breeding programs.


Organizations are operating in a VUCA world, punctuated by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Recent technological developments have given rise to new jobs, new demands, new products, new processes, new work arrangements, and new methods of service delivery thus significantly disrupting workplaces and creating a need for new workplace skills. There is a growing anticipation of "new normals" characterized by skills revolutions, among other factors. Such a context poses serious challenges to human resource management in regard to developing and maintaining a competitive advantage amidst volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. The aim of this theoretical study was to assess the need for upskilling and reskilling and propose an organizational sense-response framework for upskilling and reskilling in a VUCA business world. The findings show that for any organization to ensure sustainability in the VUCA world, it must focus on its most valuable asset— its people. Organizations need to strategically develop employees' skills based on organizational objectives. In such a dynamic world, people require competencies in different skills including but not limited to technological skills, self-management skills, social and cross-cultural skills, cognitive skills, entrepreneurial skills, and mastery of 21st century inter-disciplinary themes to exhibit good performance. The future of work is therefore likely to focus on continuous upskilling and reskilling people to be able to thrive amidst constant disruptions. The proposed framework shows that organizations need sensing and response capabilities for them to thrive amidst rapid change, especially in the external environment. The sensing capability ensures that organizations continually maintain awareness of external threats or opportunities. The response capability, on the other hand, ensures that organizations are able to determine how best they can adapt to changes, after assessing the relevance of those changes to their organizations' current situations and long-term strategic objectives, as well as the possible benefits and threats of those changes.


[Objective] To understand the microbial air pollution in college dormitories, and analyze the factors related to pollution. To raise students' awareness on the level of bacteria to improve the students bad habits, improve air quality in students' dormitories. [Methods] Used natural sedimentation to monitor total bacterial count of 126 sampling points in dormito- ries. [Results] The qualified rate of total bacterial count in the air was 81.48%, the qualified rates of airborne total bacterial counts were significantly different (P﹤0.01) at different times, different genders, different floors. [Conclusion] There is a certain microbial contamination in college dormitory, it should take effective prevention measures.


In the future, the provision of ancillary services in low-voltage grids will become more and more important. Low-voltage ride-through capability has been a requirement in medium- and high-voltage grids but will become mandatory even in low-voltage grids. There may be conflicts with existing requirements such as anti-islanding detection. This paper proposes a method that allows for both low-voltage ride-through capability and anti-islanding protection to be implemented simultaneously in three-phase inverters connected to low-voltage grids. This method uses constant voltage and frequency monitoring and reacts according to the relevant specific requirements. With the proposed method, inverters can contribute to system stability without the risk of unintentional islanding operation. The implementation of low-voltage ride-through capability is shown to even facilitate the detection of islanded grids. To prove the merit of this proposal, a model for a three-phase inverter is developed, which incorporates the proposed method and is successfully tested both in simulation and in experiments in the laboratory.


In this study, cassava starch-based films were produced to protect strawberries. Nine films from natural and modified starches (oxidized and acetylated) mixed to gelatin and plasticizers (sorbitol, glycerol and mannitol) were prepared for strawberry protection after harvesting. The films were homogeneous, transparent and flexible, and the ones that presented the best results were prepared with sorbitol because they presented mass loss indices ranging from 28.17 to 32.96%, after 8-day storage. These values were lower in the control group (without film) that had 53.44% loss. The results indicate a 5-day increase of strawberry shelf life. Regarding color, a difference was verified only in the L* index (brightness) when the coated fruits had lighter color than the control ones. These results show the great potential of film utilization in food preservation, aggregating value to the agricultural activity and helping to reduce nonbiodegradable films in the environment.

Practical Applications
This study aimed to produce films from modified cassava starches (acetylated and oxidized) and native starch, gelatin and plasticizers (sorbitol, glycerol and mannitol) to coat strawberries, cultivar Dover, as well as to verify the efficiency of these films as a barrier against fruit mass loss in order to improve shelf life. The biodegradable films formed with sorbitol presented smaller mass losses in strawberries after harvest. Mass loss was significantly equal among the three starches. These results show the great potential of film utilization in food preservation, aggregating value to the agricultural activity and helping to reduce nonbiodegradable films in the environment.


A miniaturization of a CORPS-BFN (Coherently Radiating Periodic Structures - Beam Forming Network) to properly feed OLAF (OverLapped subArray Fed) antenna for SAR Instrument at L-Band is presented. The original beam-forming network was based on 4-ports Gysel power combiner/divider implemented in a suspended stripline technology, and in this work a strong miniaturization technique has been applied to fit it in the desired lattice of 230 mm, which is slightly less than a wavelength of the higher frequency of the system (1.215-1.3 GHz). The minimized version still provides low insertion and return losses, high isolation between input/output ports and the required overlapping between the different equivalent beams.


The peripheral location of trans-border regions, restricted in their post war economic development for military reasons, preserved a unique natural environment. The northeast part of Poland qualifies as one of these special places. To the end of the XX c. the area neighboured with the military natured Kaliningrad Oblast, officially inaccessible for foreigners, contributing to the peripheral economic position of the area but at the same time favouring preservation of top quality nature environment. The study covers tourist potential based on natural environment qualities of six poviats in the Warminsko Mazurskie Voivodship by the Polish Russian border: Elbląski, Braniewski, Bartoszycki, Ketrzynski, Wegorzewski and Goldapski poviats. Nature rich areas are covered by the Natura 2000 network. They are particularly concentrated in border poviats strictly adjacent to the border forming, among others, bird preserves 'Ostoja Warminska' (Warminski Refuge) and unique protected habitats 'Vistula Lagoon' and 'Romnicka Forest'. Various legal protection means are in place to safeguard the natural environment (e.g. preserves) and other unique nature objects (e.g. Żywkowo Storks Village). This legal environment favours the development of tourism in the northern outskirts of the Voivodship, which remain underdeveloped in terms of tourism, as compared to such parts of Warmia and Mazury as the Mazurian Lake District. Translated by Anna Stajewska


This article researches on situation of enrollment and employment of sportsmajor in Shaanxi Province ordinary university,result shows: The recruitment potential of sports major is very big in Shanxi Province ordinary university,the tradition employment channel has the difficult position,the new employment channel forms gradually,the new employment post is short of talented person,the present raise goal and the social new demand do not adapt.According this,this article proposes certain reform proposal.


One of the most revealing periods of President Carter's tenure in office ?and perhaps of the modern presidency itself? occurred during the summer of 1979. Fall ing to a new low in the public's approval ratings and facing criticism from all quar ters for his leadership, the President dra matically cancelled a scheduled televised speech on energy and gathered his advi sors together for a so-called domestic summit. Discussions moved beyond ener gy and economics to a reappraisal of the nature of presidential leadership and to an analysis of what, for want of a better term, can only be called the state of the national consciousness. Having served already more than half of his term, the President came to the conclusion that he had been mistaken in his understanding of the presidential office; he had, as he told David Broder, fallen into the trap of be ing "head of the government" rather than "leader of the people." As for the state of the national consciousness, the President concluded that the nation was experienc ing a crisis of spirit or "malaise" that went deeper and was more ominous than the


The need for reflective pedagogical practices in teacher education to enhance preservice teachers' understanding of teaching, and to assist the link between theory and their own practice, has long been accepted. This study sought to investigate the use of reflective strategies to develop attitudes and skills in teaching dance in physical education by a group of first year preservice physical education teachers (N=90)undertaking an introductory course in dance in an Australian university. Monitoring occurred at regular intervals during the course to identify any longitudinal developmental trends in attitudes. Inductive analysis of weekly journal responses was undertaken to identify major themes or focus areas using the Reflective Framework for Teaching in Physical Education (Tsangaridou and O'Sullivan, 1994). Attitudinal data from questionnaire responses were analysed using SPSSPC and focus group discussion data were transcribed and analysed for dominant themes using NVivo software. The results indicated an increase in the focus and level of complexity of reflections and analytical responses in line with changes in attitudes and confidence in teaching dance experienced during the course. Significant gender differences in attitudes to teaching dance prior to undertaking the course and in the early journal entries were identified. Improvement in and value given to journal writing was evident, however, some preservice teachers felt hindered by a lack of personal reflective writing skill.


This chapter will study the current state of the art of the research on the relationship between Information Technology, productivity and inequality. Pointing our attention to the impact of Information Technology on the amount of knowledge and manual work needed to perform a task, our model reveals that the solution of both the productivity paradox and the inequality paradox needs a new approach to the study of Information Technologies. In most of the preceding literature, Information Technology has been treated as a homogeneous set of technologies. Our model shows that Information Technology is not that homogeneous and entails three different mechanisms to increase the productivity, and what is more, each of these mechanisms has a different impact on the demand for skilled workers.


We have investigated a new form of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) electro-optical films comprised of blue phase liquid crystal and polymer prepared by the solvent evaporation method. In this method, polymer dispersed blue phase (PDBP) films, which were laminated between two indium-tin-oxidecoated conductive substrates, demonstrated two switching modes between light scattering and transparent states in response to an applied electric field across the film. The electro-optical properties of PDBP liquid crystals can be altered by changing the concentrations of liquid crystal and polymer. The compositions, film preparations, physical and morphological behaviors, and electro-optical properties of PDBP films are described.


However, whenever there is only one way to do something correctly, there are always many ways to do it incorrectly. As this applies to the crossover bitless bridle, some understanding of the anatomy of the horse's head, will avoid disappointment. When fitted correctly, it is the experience of hundreds of users that the new bridle provides the safest and most effective method of communication that has yet been devised (see the Users' Comments online at www.bitlessbridle.com). It is also the only bridle that is painless, compatible with the physiology of the exercising horse, and universally suited to all disciplines (notwithstanding the current regulations of the Federation Equestre Internationale and other organizations that do not yet permit its use for competition purposes). But when fitted incorrectly, some of its effectiveness may be lost and riders then criticize the method unfairly.


There is a strong restriction on access to primary sources in the field of cultural management, since there is a policy of using these sources is for administrative practice, whether for academic research. This is because, in common sense, an idea that bureaucracy and culture antagonize, producing constraints on their relationship. To overcome this difficulty, being skilled and Memory Research Center of Casa de Cultura Mario Quintana, who wants to organize and provide access to administrative documents and cultural projects undertaken by the Secretaria da Cultura do Rio Grande do Sul and the own Casa de Cultura, enabling it provide access to these documents and thus effect the intellectual public policy culture developed by these institutions over the years.


Dr. SIBLEY (in reply): The area which is in favour of my contention that this condition is the result of psoriasis is the right forearm just below the elbow, where there is progressive scarring, and where she still has psoriasis in connexion with it. The lesions which are against that view are the bandlike formations at the wrist and the back of the neck, over the ligamentum nuchaB. With regard to severe treatment, this patient has been under me a year, and she has had only mild placebo treatment: she has not had X-rays, or anything of that kind.


The present work is an application of GEO-STATISTIC, in which I try
to model the behavior of regionalized variables and their estimate by kriging. The
objective of this work consists on characterization the region that subject to certain
characteristic of interest that allows us to obtain the biggest quantity in petroleum in
any location. The initial chapter describes the most important aspects of the geology of
the petroleum. The following one chapter presents the mathematical formulation of the
problem. The third chapter contains the fundamental concepts of geo-statistics. The
fourth chapter contains the development of the application based on the observations
measured in the ¯eld frontera (Ecuador). The ¯nal part of this work includes those
summations and recommendations of the study.
vi


All over the world, nosocomial infection is a recognized public health problem. They are an essential part of infection control practices and aid in the prevention of nosocomial infections. But a common problem is the selection of antiseptics because different   pathogens vary in their response to different antiseptics. Hence the present study was designed to evaluate susceptibility of bacteria isolates from some Benghazi hospitals to five types of antiseptics used in hospitals using the Kirby-Bauer method of disc diffusion method. Data was gathered through a questionnaire. Antiseptics used were Hydrogen Peroxide, povidone- Iodine, Alcoholic Gel, Sterillium (Alcohol 70%), Neo Sterixidina Soap. Bacteria used were Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus acidominimus. Gram negative : Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabills  and  Acinetobacter  baumannii, in addition  American Type Culture Collection  (Staphylococcus  aureus   ATCC  29213,   Escherichia coliATCC  25922  and  Pseudomonas  aeruginosaATCC  27853)  were used as control. The Disc diffusion method technique is a routine, economical and easy screening method used to determine the susceptibility or resistance of a bacterial strain to antibacterial agents. Hydrogen Peroxide 6% and Neo Sterixidina Soap produce the largest zone of inhibition in descending order. The comparative assessment of the zones of inhibition of the diluted antiseptics indicated that Alcoholic Gel, and Sterillium were least effective. While povidone- Iodine 10% the susceptibility was intermediate. This study emphasizes that there was a need to test the quality of antiseptics routinely supplied to the laboratory or hospital to ensure proper control of infections by using right antiseptics in right concentration for a right contact time to reduce the risk of contamination.


This research aims to study the effect of after-sales service on customer retention in case of Tecno Mobile, at Addis Ababa. The five independent variables namely; warranty, online support, provision of accessories, facility and equipment supply, maintenance and repair. The dependent variable was customer retention. Quantitative research method and non probability sampling technique (convenience) was applied. The results of the study revealed that the majorities of Tecno Mobile after sales service customers were moderately satisfied with the overall after sales service delivered by the company. But, online support and equipment supply seems somehow lacked great approval by customers since their response was lower than other variables even though the average score is met. The correlation result also proved that all five independent variables have strong and positive relationship with customer retention, dependent variable. The regression result also showed that the cumulative effect of independent variables on customer retention reached 62.4% .Normality test was also conducted and approved it the data were normally distributed.


1. The relation between the frequency of hard radiations and the absorption coefficient is not experimentally well established at the present time. In order to obtain definite information it is necessary to use a radiation with high homogeneity. y-Rays from ThC' are found to fulfill this requirement. Investigations of the absorption coefficient of these rays have been made by Russell and Soddy,' and Rutherford and Richardson,2 almost 20 years ago before the modem technique of sensitive current measurement was developed. It has also been measured recently by Bastings.3 But as all of these observers used fairly divergent beams with the electroscope placed near the absorber, an appreciable amount of the scattered rays entered the electroscope. This tends to lower the apparent value of the absorption coefficient. In fact, in Bastings' experiment this was purposely done in order to obtain the change of this apparent absorption coefficient. It is therefore thought desirable to make measurements on a narrow beam by the use of modem sensitive apparatus so that the value of the absorption coefficient, experimentally determined, fits the ordinary definition and thus make possible a comparison with the theoretical values of Klein and Nishina's formula4 and Dirac's formula.5 The work is carried out for various elements to test the variation with the atomic number. 2. Radio-Thorium is used as the radio-active source. It is separated from Ms-Th and is found to be quite pure from a measurement of the rate of decay. (The 7y-ray intensity changes from 3.595 to 3.210 in 115 days after the equilibrium state is reached. This gives the half period = 705 days.) ThC" is formed after several transformations and is the source of D-rays used in this experiment. This latter element emits a narrow band of 7-rays of wave-length around 4.7 X. U., which is quite intense and far removed from the remaining 7-ray spectrum of the elements formed after Rd-Th. In determining the absorption coefficient, particular care is taken to secure a parallel beam and to avoid the scattered rays from the container of the source and the absorber. An apparatus similar to that of Kohlrausch7 is used. The radio-active source is put in the center of a lead cylinder which is 32 cm. long and 32 cm. in diameter. A conical beam of semi-angle 2.50 is led out for observation. Lead filters of different thickness are used to cut off the soft y-rays. As measuring apparatus, Professor Millikan's cosmicray electroscope VOL. 16, 1930 431


AbstractEURADIA's ambition is to create the 'Who's Who' of people and groups carrying out clinical and basic research on diabetes in Europe in order to stimulate international collaboration.


This article basically defines the Riemann integral starting with the definition of partition of a closed interval. It throws a light on the importance and necessity of the Riemann condition of integralbility of a function and explains how the concept of R- integral only on the basis of upper and lower integral is not always practical. It has been suggested that a better rout is to abandon the Reimann integral for Lebesgue integral in real analysis and other fields of mathematical science.


Chilean inland-water ecosystems are characterized by their low species-level biodiversity. This study analyses available data on surface area, maximum depth,...


The utility model relates to a flat machine electric control system based on a network monitoring technology. The flat machine electric control system comprises a plurality of electric control flat machine terminals, a server and a monitor terminal, wherein the server is respectively connected with the plurality of electric control flat machine terminals, and the monitor terminal is connected with the server. The flat machine electric control system of the utility model realizes the functions of controlling operational states of the flat machines on line at a long/short range in real time, querying working information and faults, managing on-line transmission of beater patterns, etc. Therefore, a manager can perform communication to know the operational states of the flat machines in a factory timely through a GSM module in a mobile phone and the server no matter where he is, at the same time, the manager also can monitor the whole flat machine electric control system in real time and perform unified managements by relying on the an Internet network through a remote control center.


Data mining is a kind of application technology.In this paper several existing DM tasks,their related application problems and achieving method are introduced.Then it introduces the evaluating criterions of the DM tools and some existing problems.At last,it says that DM will be a kind of popular technology with the development of the theory and tools.


243 Background: Patients (pts) undergoing surgery for suspected malignancy may experience burdensome post-operative symptoms which can compromise outcomes and necessitate acute care. In prior randomized controlled trials at academic medical centers, patient-reported outcome (PRO)-based symptom management solutions improved clinical outcomes. Attempts to generalize this approach to real-world surgical pts have been challenged by perceptions that severe symptoms rarely occur, responding to severe symptoms can be burdensome, and uncertainty about which symptoms are likely to be severe and need interventions. Methods: Six US-based healthcare systems deployed eSyM, an EHR-integrated symptom management program. Pts undergoing surgery for suspected or confirmed thoracic (THOR), gastrointestinal (GI), and gynecologic (GYN) malignancies received automated questionnaires via MyChart portal 1-3 times weekly for up to 3 months after discharge. Questionnaires based on the PRO-CTCAE included 10 required and 20 optional symptoms, all scored as 0 (no symptoms), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), or 3 (severe). Additional questions assessed functional status, overall wellbeing, wound discharge, and wound redness. Frequency and predictors of severe reporting were assessed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression modeling. Results: 21,012 surgical eSyM questionnaires were submitted between October 2019 - March 2022 by 3,781 unique pts (median age 63 years, 66.9% female, 92.1% white, 57.9% married, and 37.5% retired). 17% of questionnaires (16% of GI, 14% of GYN, and 21% of THOR) included at least 1 severe symptom. Frequencies of severe symptom reporting appear in Table with physical function impairment, general pain, and fatigue as the top three. Severe symptoms were more likely to be reported by younger, female, or unemployed pts(p < 0.01). In comparison to GI pts, GYN pts reported fewer and THOR pts reported more severe symptoms (p < 0.03). Conclusions: A meaningful minority of pts reported severe symptoms, suggesting that symptom monitoring could benefit pts without over-taxing clinicians. There were few strong patient-level predictors of severe symptoms, arguing that population surveillance may be preferable to targeted surveillance. Interventions are needed to address common severe symptoms and future studies should define most effective mitigation strategies for these symptoms. Clinical trial information: NCT03850912. [Table: see text]


This article contributes to literature on the role of "firms" in the early modern English economy by exploring contracts for works between the Crown, the City of London, and large construction firms that built the Greenwich Hospital, City churches, and St. Paul's Cathedral from 1670 to 1712. Primary sources show varying arrangements to pricing, mitigating risk, and securing finance occurred without the costs of intermediaries. Clients pushed financial and operating risks onto contractors through complex contracting systems that enabled and supported a number of coordination mechanisms in the market. The article argues that contracts rather than firms should be the unit of analysis for those wishing to examine productivity and changes in early modern business.


Objectives To analyze the value of transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) in judging the course of spermatocystitis and determining the therapeutic strategy. Methods The transrectal ultrasound results of 118 patients which were diagnosed spermatocystitis with hemospermia in outpatient service with following therapy during June of 2008 to February of 2012 were reviewed. Results The ultrasonic manifestations of 118 patients who were diagnosed spermatocystitis can be divided into three categories. The first class(78 cases): patients showed the increased volume of seminal vesicle, lower echo, and dilated tubular dark areas. The second class(30 cases): the bilateral seminal vesicle size were normal following with uneven echo. The third class(10 cases): the volume of bilateral seminal vesicle were normal, and calcification spots or ejaculation tube calcification could be found. The three ultrasonic manifestations were respectively correlated with acute spermatocystitis or acute attack stage of chronic spermatocystitis, chronic spermatocystitis, the chronic spermatocystitis with disease course for more than 10 years. The coincidence rate is greater than 90%. The therapy strategies were chosen according to the ultrasound manifestations. Conservative therapy and anti-infection were chosen to treat acute spermatocystitis, and transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy was chosen to treat chronic or calcificated spermatocystitis. The curative effect was satisfying. Conclusions To determine the stages of disease course and then to choose the treatment strategy according to transrectal ultrasound findings in patients with spermatocystitis was reliable,convenient and effective.


The relatively new movement of artificial insemination (A.I.) is producing a mass of documented breeding information for bovines which is unique. In England and Wales there are this year more than 40,000 herds of cows that are being inseminated and for which individual cow and herd conception-rates are kept. In addition, semen collections are being taken, on the average weekly, from about 450 bulls whose fertility rates are known. We have here an extremely good background to studies on fertility and, although this paper throws little direct light on nutritional influences already observed, it will attempt to described the position as seen by the 'field observer' and to mention some of the problems of defining standards of fertility.


You might object that it would be reasonable enough for me to try to expound the differential calculus, or the theory of numbers, to you, because the view that I might find something of interest to say to you about such subjects is not prima facie absurd; but that geometry is, after all, the business of geometers, and that I know, and you know, and I know that you know, that I am not one; and that it is useless for me to try to tell you what geometry is, because I simply do not know. We characterize the notion of " geometric computation " by pointing out some common features. Along the way, we give one answer to the age-old question: what is geometry? This analysis will lead to a general prescription for attacking nonrobustness in geometric computations. Throughout the history of mathematics, different answers to this age-old question has been given. From intuitive popular accounts of geometry [4] to quests for the scope and place of geometry [1, 6, 1] The geometric vein is evident is almost every branch of mathematics. Although we begin with geometry, we are soon led to algebra, and throughout the development of geometry, we see a strong interplay between geometry and algebra. Geometry is highly intuitive, certainly much more than algebra. On the other hand, a purely geometric approach cannot progress without a proper algebraic foundation. This is the impulse behind René Descartes' program to algebraize geometry. Once we introduce the Cartesian plane, the intuitive relationship between points and lines can now be reduced to algebraic relations that are amenable to automatic proofs and calculations. Further abstractions are possible: in Felix Klein's Erlangen Program, the essence of geometry is reduced to invariant groups. Modern algebraic geometry has taken this abstraction to yet another level; the progression in these abstractions are described under different " epochs " by Jean Dieudonné's [2]. There is a way to formalize the intuitive geometry without algebra, going back to Euclid. This culminated in Hilbert's axiomatic or formal mathematics. Hilbert also used geometry as the launching point for this work. The formal (logical) approach and the algebraic viewpoints of geometry is given a new synthesis in Alfred Tarski's view of " elementary geometry and algebra ". But Tarski's profound insight is the view that real elementary geometry is first order theory of semialgebraic sets. Moreover, there is a decision …


The catalytic oxidative degradation of lignin to prepare aromatic aldehydes in alkaline conditions was studied in this paper.A series of catalyst had been tried and CuSO4 with better catalytic properties was selected.The effects of different conditions were investigated and the optimum conditions were as follows:lignin 1.6 g,catalyst CuSO4 0.05 g,2.0 mol/L NaOH 30.0 mL,reaction pressure 1.5 MPa,reaction temperature 175 ℃ and reaction time 90 min.Under the above conditions,the yield of aromatic aldehydes(vanillin,syringaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde) was 24.4%.


The benefits of soil and water conservation by planting fast-growing leguminous plant Gliricidia sepium were studied in the area under serious soil and water loss in the dry-hot valley of Yuanmou County.The results indicated that G.sepium had a good adaptability to arid hillside field in dry season.In 3 years of planting,the runoff in the major control regions was greatly decreased.The runoff modulus was decreased by 29.13×104 m3/km2(76.90%);soil degradation was decreased by 12 986.8 t/km2.yr(76.02%).The correlation coefficient among rainfall and runoff was obviously changed.The organic matter and potassium losses were decreased by 31 11.64 kg/hm2 and 3 276.57 kg/hm2.


Interdigitated photoconductive detectors with 5-micron geometry have been fabricated on HEMT material and their optical response characteristics at 820 nm have been examined at dc and in the frequency range of 2-8 GHz. These have been compared with characteristics of similar 1-micron devices on MESFET material. The shapes of the frequency responses were found to differ, but the useful bandwidth of both types of devices was found to be similar.


The microstructure and microimpact performance of Sn1Ag0.1Cu0.02Ni0.05In (SAC101NiIn)/AuNi/Cu solder ball joints were investigated after a thermal cycle test (TCT). The joints show complete bulk fracture behavior before TCT. Moreover, TCT facilitated interfacial fracture behavior with lower fracture energy. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed in the solder joints before and after TCT were investigated. TCT induces a variety of structural variations in the solder joints, including slipping bands, whisker formation, the squeezing of the IMC layer, the formation of cavities, the rotation and pop-up of grain, and the deformation and rotation of the entire joint. The variations in fracture behavior induced by TCT are correlated with the structural variations in the solder joints.


A series of 1‐substituted 7‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐c]pyrimidin‐5‐ones has been obtained by treatment of 2‐hydroxy‐4‐mercapto‐6‐methyl‐5‐pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (1) with aminoalcohols followed by chlorination, cyclization and alkylation. Some of the obtained imidazo[1,2‐c]pyrimidine derivatives were CNS active and showed antiinflammatory activity.


The objective of this study was to analyze the social and health relations of women living with HIV/AIDS in treatment at the Maternal and Child Specialized Care Service at the University Hospital located in João Pessoa, Estate of Paraíba, Brazil. The survey sampled 20 users of the service. The results point to a young and poor profile that increases vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.


Islam is a comprehensive religion that encompasses all aspects of society's life, including social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental dimensions. The environment is regarded as a manifestation of God's greatness, containing pearls of wisdom bestowed upon human beings to make them realize that everything is under the control of God (Allah SWT). However, the balance of nature can be disrupted by excessive exploitation caused by human activities. This is evident in various contemporary environmental issues, particularly in terms of biodiversity and climate. As Caliphs on Earth, human beings bear the responsibility of actively safeguarding the environment. Furthermore, Islam emphasizes the implementation of responsible development and adherence to the principles of sustainability. Therefore, this study focuses on the role of human beings as Caliphs on Earth, highlighting their responsibility in conserving and preserving the environment. The study examines two main aspects, namely education and politics, that can contribute to effective environmental preservation. The research methodology employed in this study is a library survey.


Benign Breast Diseases (BBD) refer to all non-malignant conditions of the breast and it received little attention in the past because most of the focus was on breast cancer, despite the fact that it constitutes majority of the presentation in breast clinics. The objective of this study was to evaluate comprehensively the profile of BBD in our environment, highlight the age group distribution of these BBDs and its different modes of presentation. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted between May 2009 and April 2010 at the Taimako Breast and Cervical Screening Centre on women who presented for breast screening. There were two thousand and sixty five study subjects, out of which one hundred and fifty women were diagnosed with BBD (7.3%), while one thousand nine hundred and fifteen (92.7%) had normal screening results. The mean age of those with BBD was 27.9 ± 9.6 with an age range of 15 to 60 years. Breast lumps constituted 44.7% of the presentation of BBD and was the most common mode of presentation, while 17.3% of those diagnosed with BBD had no symptoms and were discovered following triple assessment. More than half (56.8%) of the women who complained of breast lumps did not actually have lumps following triple assessment. BBD comprised a spectrum of disorders, with Fibroadenoma being the commonest and occurred most frequently in the younger 2nd and 3rd decades as opposed to older decades.


This short paper will attempt to demonstrate that the fictional Oskar Schindler is a problematic protagonist. The paper will argue against the claim of the narrator:

When you look at other events of that mad winter, you can see that Oskar wanted the extra thirty [prisoners] not because they were an extra thirty. It is not too fantastic to say that he desired them with some of the absolute passion that characterised the exposed and flaming heart of the Jesus that hung on Emilie's wall. (Schindler's Ark 351).


In this poster we present a preliminary inquiry into designing an intervention for teenage victims of cyber-bullying by applying Human-centered design methodology. We engaged victims of cyber-bullying in multiple research activities to inform the design of a support intervention.


Translation quality is one of the key topics in the translation industry today. In 2011, TAUS developed the Dynamic Quality Framework (DQF) in an attempt to standardize translation quality evaluation. In this paper, we will describe common approaches to translation quality and introduce the TAUS framework for QE. We will show that the development of this framework, initiated by the industry, was necessary to fill the gap between theory and practice. In We will give a short summary of the survey on quality evaluation and DQF that was conducted in the summer of 2014 among users of the DQF tools. Finally, we will suggest some ways academia and industry could and should collaborate with each other in the field of quality evaluation in the future.


Embedded passives, which achieve miniaturization, cost reduction, and higher performance, are regarded as one of the most promising technologies for a future RF module substrate. Currently, a BaTiO3/Polymer composite is being used for the embedded capacitors in printed wiring boards. One of the drawbacks of this composite is its relatively low dielectric constant, because the polymer component with a low dielectric constant suppresses the dielectric constant of the whole composite. We propose a resin build-up circuit board with passive functions embedded in a ceramic film without any polymer component for the next-generation low-cost RF modules. We have already manufactured a prototype board with ceramic capacitors embedded in an FR-4 substrate using a unique ceramic deposition technology: aerosol deposition (ASD) in which many kinds of ceramics can be deposited on a substrate at room temperature by making use of accelerated ceramic nanoparticle aerosol bombardment with a nozzle. In this study, first we examine the effects of the characteristics of raw ceramic powder on the crystal structure and the dielectric properties of ASD films. As a result, we confirmed that dense BaTiO3 dielectric films can be deposited when raw powder without strain is used. From the resulting polarization versus electrical field (P–E curve), we confirmed that paraelectric was observed in the dense films, while the porous BaTiO3 films deposited using milled powder exhibit a small hysteresis loop. We also clarified that dense BaTiO3 dielectric films exhibit a nanostructure with a texture consisting of particles under 10 nm in diameter. We also examine the interfacial behavior between BaTiO3 dielectric films and the Cu electrode, in order to investigate the deposition temperature and the reliability of a BaTiO3 ASD film under high temperature (250°C), high humidity (100 Rh%), thermal cycle condition (−55°C to 150°C), and bias DC voltage (5 V). We clarified that the BaTiO3 ASD film satisfies the criteria of reliability in the microelectronic packaging area.


Objective:The optimal amount of calories required by critically ill patients continues to be controversial. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the amount of calories administered and mortality. Design:Prospective, multi-institutional audit. Setting:Three hundred fifty-two intensive care units from 33 countries. Patients:A total of 7,872 mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients who remained in the intensive care unit for at least 96 hrs. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:We evaluated the association between the amount of calories received and 60-day hospital mortality using various sample restriction and statistical adjustment techniques and demonstrate the influence of the analytic approach on the results. In the initial unadjusted analysis, we observe a significant association between increased caloric intake and increased mortality (odds ratio 1.28; 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.48 for patients receiving more than two-thirds of their caloric prescription vs. those receiving less than one-third of their prescription). Excluding days after permanent progression to oral intake attenuated the estimates of harm (unadjusted analysis: odds ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 0.90–1.20). Restricting the analysis to patients with at least 4 days in the intensive care unit before progression to oral intake and excluding days of observation after progression to oral intake resulted in a significant benefit to increased caloric intake (unadjusted odds ratio 0.73; 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.85). When further adjusting for both evaluable days and other important covariates, patients who received more than two-thirds of their caloric prescription are much less likely to die than those receiving less than one-third of their prescription (odds ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.79; p < .0001). When treated as a continuous variable, the overall association between the percent of the caloric prescription received and mortality is highly statistically significant with increasing calories associated with decreasing mortality (p < .0001). Conclusions:The estimated association between the amount of calories and mortality is significantly influenced by the statistical methodology used. The most appropriate available analyses suggest that attempting to meet caloric targets may be associated with improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.


Distributed antenna arrays have been proposed for many applications ranging from space-based observatories to automated vehicles. Achieving good performance in distributed antenna systems requires stringent synchronization at the wavelength and information levels to ensure that the transmitted signals arrive coherently at the target, or scattered and received signals can be appropriately processed via distributed algorithms. In this article, we address the challenge of high-precision time synchronization to align the operations of elements in a distributed antenna array and overcome time-varying bias between platforms primarily due to oscillator drift. We use a spectrally sparse two-tone waveform, which obtains approximately optimal time estimation accuracy, in a two-way time transfer process. We also describe a technique for determining the true time delay using the ambiguous two-tone matched filter output, and we compare the time synchronization precision of the two-tone waveform with the more common linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform. We experimentally demonstrate wireless time synchronization using a single-pulse 40-MHz two-tone waveform over a 90-cm 5.8-GHz wireless link in a laboratory setting, obtaining a timing precision of 2.26 ps.


140 cases-anesthesia-analgesia.org September 1, 2018 • Volume 11 • Number 5 Copyright © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society DOI: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000748 The patient provided written consent for this publication. A 64-year-old man with syncope is found to have a type A aortic dissection and presents to the operating room (Figure 1). Before aortic cannulation, the surgeon inquires whether the anterior lumen visualized on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the true or the false lumen.


the offending foods. Two cases of serum disease received relief from either of the drugs. In cases of pruritus ani and acne rosacea there was no benefit. Both of the two drugs were seen to have a low percentage of side-reactions. In this series 23%o of the total number of patients who took thephorin had side reactions, and only 10% of the total number of patients who took neohetramine had side effects. These reactions are tabulated in Tables III and IV. This compares favourably to benadryl which gave reactions in approximately 50%o of the cases and pyribenzamine which gave reactions in 23%o of the cases. The other


The year 2009 has been a productive year for the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS). We have accomplished a great deal in enhancing the quality of conferences and publications, owing to the tremendous efforts from our volunteers and staff. I take great pride in recognizing the achievements of our members. Across the globe, we are fortunate to have innumerable examples of significant progress. It is my pleasure to report to you the past year's highlights.


Like fashion, food is a powerful, far-reaching language that both reinforces and
transcends class boundaries and enables more fluid cross-cultural communication.
As materials, food-stuffs, and more specifically food waste, awaken the senses, with
the more visceral of these dining remains tending to initiate instinctive 'gut' reactions
from those experiencing them. Although there are several artists who explore
alternative eating artefacts in the context of an experimental dining experience, such
as Kaye Winwood and Nuala Clooney, few have combined this with the wearing of
art jewellery. Hindle's Strange Pleasures study (conducted in 2014) uncovered
possibilities for public interaction and 'play' at the hands of the wearer, stating that
'the art jewellery that they explore during the study points to how the wearing of
adornments can constitute a leisure experience that is one of freedom and play'
(Hindle, Colley, Boultwood, 2016, p.310). As a result of this study, I have been
exploring ways in which to more playfully promote and exhibit my jewellery alongside
a developing complementary collection of ambiguous eating implements, to enable
an immersive and experiential food-based presentation to the public that more
directly questions body boundary and activates the participants interoceptive senses
(internal bodily sensations). Through practice-led research I bring together jewellery -
created predominantly using food waste - and ambiguous artefacts for eating,
inviting diners to wear these visceral jewellery pieces whilst consuming food with
alternative dining tools in an attempt to highlight interoceptive sensory perception.


The overall objective of this paper is to introduce a new methodology of fitting zerocoupon yield curves. Toward this end, Chebyshev polynomials are incorporated into a quantity called the interest cumulator and then subjected to a minimisation procedure to yield parameters that subsequently maps out zero-coupon yield curves. This methodology is applied to Australian coupon bond data to estimate such yield curves. Several innovations are discerned: (i) the minimisation program based upon the logarithmic norm is found to be superior to the standard form based upon the price norm; (ii) Chebyshev polynomials possess desirable properties that improve the econometrics of yield curve fitting; (iii) the empirical results reveal exceptional goodness of fit; and (iv) to my knowledge these are the first published Australian zero-coupon yield curves.


Introduction: Snakebite is a significant public health problem in India. A variety of prehospital practices are commonly followed after a person has been bitten by a snake before he/she reach a health center. Methodology: This was a prospective, descriptive study done in the emergency department which included adult patients above the age of 18 years who presented with a history of either a snakebite or an unknown bite. All other known bites were excluded from the study. The period of the study was between August 2015 and March 31, 2016. Results: The study cohort included 62 patients, with a majority being male (61.3%; 38/62). 32.3% (20/62) of patients were farmers and homemakers constituted 30.6% (19/62). Tying a tourniquet above the bite mark (66.1%; 41/62) was the most common prehospital care administered to the victims. Traditional methods such as performing ritual prayers (1.6%; 1/62), sucking out blood (3.2%; 2/62), or applying traditional medicines (1.6%; 1/62) were the other practices followed before they reached a health center. Conclusion: A significant number of snakebite victims received prehospital care before they reached a health-care facility. Application of tourniquet is the most common prehospital practice followed in the community. However, the other traditional methods are rarely practiced nowadays.


The optimal location and size of charging stations are important considerations in relation to the large-scale application of electric vehicles (EVs). In this context, considering that charging stations are both traffic service facilities and common electric facilities, a multi-objective model is built, with the objectives of maximizing the captured traffic flow in traffic networks and minimizing the power loss in distribution networks. There are two kinds of charging stations that are considered in this paper, and the planning of EV charge stations and distribution networks is jointly modelled. The formulated multi-objective optimization problem is handled by a fuzzy membership function. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the objective function. In case studies, a 33-node distribution system and a 25-node traffic network are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The location and capacity of two kinds of charging stations are designed in the case studies, after which the impact of the battery on the captured traffic flow is analyzed as well.


Our paper investigates the timing of the inception of commodity trading advisors and the relationship between their fund flows and performance. Our results show that commodity trading advisor industry performance has, over the long-run (short-run), a positive (negative) effect on new commodity trading advisors. The functional form of the flow-performance relation varies across commodity trading advisor subcategories. Also, we do not observe a 'smart money' effect, indicating that investors are generally unsuccessful in choosing subsequent high-performing commodity trading advisors.


Using an antibody that recognizes the products of all known members of the fos family of immediate early genes, it was demonstrated that destruction of the nigrostriatal pathway by 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesions of the medial forebrain bundle produces a prolonged (>3 months) elevation of Fos‐like immunoreactivity in the striatum. Using retrograde tract tracing techniques, we have previously shown that this increase in Foslike immunoreactivity is located predominantly in striatal neurons that project to the globus pallidus. In the present study, Western blots were performed on nuclear extracts from the intact and denervated striatum of 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats to determine the nature of Fos‐immunoreactive protein(s) responsible for this increase. Approximately 6 weeks after the 6‐OHDA lesion, expression of two Fos‐related antigens with apparent molecular masses of 43 and 45 kDa was enhanced in the denervated striatum. Chronic haloperidol administration also selectively elevated expression of these Fos‐related antigens, suggesting that their induction after dopaminergic denervation is mediated by reduced activation of D2‐like dopamine receptors. Western blot immunostaining using an antibody which recognizes the N‐terminus of FosB indicated that the 43 and 45 kDa Fos‐related antigens induced by dopaminergic denervation and chronic haloperidol administration may be related to a truncated from of FosB known as ΔFosB. Consistent with this proposal, retrograde tracing experiments confirmed that ΔFosB‐like immunoreactivity in the deafferented striatum was located predominantly in striatopallidal neurons. Gel shift experiments demonstrated that elevated AP‐1 binding activity in denervated striata contained FosB‐like protein(s), suggesting that enhanced ΔFosB levels may mediate some of the effects of prolonged dopamine depletion on AP‐1‐regulated genes in striatopallidal neurons. In contrast, chronic administration of the D1‐like receptor agonist CY 208–243 to 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats dramatically enhanced ΔFosB‐like immunoreactivity in striatal neurons projecting to the substantia nigra. Western blot immunostaining revealed that ΔFosB and, to a lesser extent, FosB are elevated by chronic D1‐like agonist administration. Both the quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and the ribonuclease protection assay demonstrated that Δfos B mRNA levels were substantially enhanced in the denervated striatum by chronic D1‐like agonist administration. Lastly, we examined the effects of chronic administration of D1‐like and D2‐like dopamine receptor agonists on striatal ΔFosB expression in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1, 2, 3, 6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) primate model of Parkinson's disease. In monkeys rendered Parkinsonian by MPTP, there was a modest increase in ΔFosB‐like protein(s), while the development of dyskinesia produced by chronic D1‐like agonist administration was accompanied by large increases in ΔFosB‐like protein(s). In contrast, administration of the long‐acting D2‐like agonist cabergoline, which alleviated Parkinsonian symptoms without producing dyskinesia reduced ΔFosB levels to near normal. Taken together, these results demonstrate that chronic alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission produce a persistent elevation of ΔFosB‐like protein(s) in both the rodent and primate striatum.


A DC linear stepping motor has been constructed using sections of single layer armature winding which can be energised in a sequence and a field source provided by neodymium-boron-iron magnets. The performance of this motor has been compared with that of another motor similar in configuration, but with triple layer armature coils. The air-gap between the armature core and the field had to be increased in the case of the second motor.


The blades are an important part of determining the life of gas turbine engines.Titanium alloys blade is better material of gas turbine engines blades.But due to the complex forging process,the defects easily were produced.Aiming at this situation,the blade and die geometry mode were created with 3D software Pro/E.The forming process of different parameters was simulated by FEM software.Field variables of blade were got,such as temperature,stress and strain.The results show that the deformation rate on metal mobility and forming quality play a key role;reasonable deformation rate help to improve the plasticity of the metal,reducing the local stress concentration;so the stress and the strain field tend to be even,the good performance of blades forgings can be obtained.The study results can provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of TC11 titanium alloy blade forging process.


For every country national security problems and priorities are of vital and primary importance. New, independent states are particularly sensitive to security problems, as they lack the experience that comes from independent statehood. They have not had the opportunity to develop a defined culture for strategic planning or foreign policy engineering. Furthermore, newly independent states - only just emerging as sovereign, autonomous actors - feel insecure and quite uncertain about what their security interests and priorities should be, and how to go about defining them. Thus, they tend to underestimate certain security threats, exaggerate others and, sometimes, even miss vital factors in the game of national security planning. Their strategic visions, and corresponding calculations, are mainly based on historical memories, which themselves are constructed with reference to ethnic lines. They are also affected by a division between 'us' and 'them', and the classical pattern of 'insiders' and 'outsiders', or 'friends' and 'enemies'. These calculations are also grounded on an assessment of the global political and economic system, which quite frequently becomes unrealistic, being judged through the states' perspective on security.


[CpMgMe(Et2O)]2 was prepared by dissolving Cp2Mg and dimethylmagnesium together in diethyl ether. It reacted readily with diphenylamine, 3-amino-2,4-dimethylpentane, 2,6-diisopropylaniline, N-isopropylbenzylamine, and diisopropylamine in diethyl ether to afford the dimeric amido complexes [CpMg(NPh2)]2 (83%), [CpMg(NHCH(CH(CH3)2)2)]2 (75%), [CpMg(NHiPr2C6H3)]2 (61%), [CpMg(N(iPr)(CH2Ph))]2 (62%), and [CpMg(NiPr2)]2 (81%) as colorless crystalline solids. Treatment of [CpMgMe(Et2O)]2 with N,N,N'-trimethylethylenediamine in diethyl ether yielded dimeric [CpMg(MeNCH2CH2NMe2)]2 (76%). The reaction of [CpMgMe(Et2O)]2 with 2,5-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)pyrrole in diethyl ether led to the formation of the monomeric magnesium pyrrolato complex [CpMg(Et2O)(η2-Me2NCH2(C4H2N)CH2NMe2)] (70%). The X-ray crystal structures of [CpMg(NPh2)]2, [CpMg(NHCH(CH(CH3)2)2)]2, [CpMg(NHiPr2C6H3)]2, [CpMg(N(iPr)(CH2Ph))]2, and [CpMg(Et2O)(η2-Me2NCH2(C4H2N)CH2NMe2)] were determined. In the solid state structures, [CpMg(NPh2)]2, [CpMg(N...


Objective To explore the time and the effect of cesarean in pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH) patients. Methods Treatment and it's effect in PIH patients were analysed from 2000 to 2003 in FUTIAN Hospital. Results Asphyxia and mortality rate in fetals whose placenta age less then 32 weeks are also higher then that of others(P0.01).Yet, there are no differences between 33-36 weeks fetals and over 37 weeks fetals(P0.05).Compare to caesarean , mortality rate in fetals from vagina delievery and it's complication in PIH patients are also higher(P0.01),while fetal asphyxia rate had no difference between two groups(P0.05). Conclusions The best time to stop pregnancy in severve PIH is 36th week, the best way is caesarean.


An efficient protocol for the synthesis of 14 C-labeled 3-pyridineacetate (1) and its N-oxide ([ 14 C]2) is described. Oxidation of this pyridine ([ 14 C]1) to its N-oxide ([ 14 C]2) proceeded in high yield using H 2 O 2 with MeReO 3 as a catalyst. The reaction employs readily available diethyl [2- 14 C]malonate. This method has proven to be general in preparation of other pyridineacetate derivatives and their N-oxides which have been typically difficult to prepare by other means. Our development of the Cu(I)Br-coupling methodology as well as application to the synthesis of a 14 C-labeled phosphodiesterase-IV (PDE-IV) inhibitor, [ 14 C]3, are also reported.


Objective: To construct eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding IFNα-8 and HBV-S 2S fusion gene for a candidate of a high-powered HBV DNA vaccine. Methods: IFNα-8 and HBV-S 2S fragment were obtained from fetus liver or serum of patient with hepatitis B respectively. IFNα-8 and HBV-S 2S fusion gene was obtained by primer with linker and cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAX1. Then the determined sequence was transfected into SP2/0 cells. The total mRNA of the transfected cells was extracted and reverse transcription was followed. The cDNA sequence was compared with that of IFNα-8/S 2S. Results: The sequence of IFNα-8 was identical with that in Genebank. Five basic mutations were found in HBV-S 2S domain, two of which were significant. The significant mutation CCG to CAG was in 703 to 705nt, ATA to ATG in 799 to 801nt. The mRNA of IFNα-8/S 2S fusion gene was detected in the transfected SP2/0 cells. Conclusion: The significant mutations CCG to CAG in 703 to 705nt and ATA to ATG in 799 to 801nt were not in dominant cluster of S 2S. The space of its construction and its character were not affected. IFNα-8/S 2S fusion gene expression could be detected in the transfected SP2/0 cells. As a summary, eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding IFNα-8 and HBV-S 2S fusion gene named pVAX1/ IFNα-8-S 2S had been constructed successfully.


The invention discloses a portable rapid blue light harm detector, which is used to test blue light harm of light or a light source on human eye retina. The portable rapid blue light harm detector comprises a photoelectric detection device and a simulated human eye focusing device. A connecting end between the photoelectric detection device and the simulated human eye focusing device is provided with a detachable convex concave clamping interface. An external diameter of a circular convex bench is the same as an internal diameter of a circular concave groove, and the convex concave interface can be used for effective clamping connection. The photoelectric device comprises a cosine corrector, a retina blue light harm optical correction sheet, a photocell, a power controller, and a digital display. The photoelectric detection device is used for the quantitative measurement of the value of the blue light harm of the light on the human eye retina, and the two ends of the simulated human eye focusing device are provided with two detection holes having specific sizes and shapes, and in addition, the simulated human eye focusing device can be detached flexibly, positioning is facilitated, and portability is provided.


Additive models are currently used to predict risks following exposure to multiple agents or complex mixtures. Use of these models is questioned because different methods are used to derive risks for chemical and physical agents depending on the database used. Risks for the induction of cancer from radiation are based on large sets of human data, while standards are set for most chemical carcinogens using information derived from animal studies. However, it is not, from a scientific point of view, appropriate to add risks from physical and chemical agents to derive potential health impact from combined exposures. The range of safety factors built into the estimates, the large differences in the data sets used to evaluate and establish standards, and the differences in the basic philosophy for deriving risks for physical and chemical agents make the additive model unacceptable for estimating risks from combined exposures. To understand the potential health impacts from environmental exposure, it is important (1) to consider how risks were derived and (2) to determine if interactions exist between damage induced by the different agents to ensure that additive assumptions are valid. This presentation discusses a number of these safety factors for specific chemicals.


With the development of Chinese higher education,university education transforms from elite education to popular education,and learning is still the main task of college students,learning pressures follow with the students and the pressures are unabated,especially in the face of the severe employment situation. Through empirical investigation of Yunnan Agricultural University students' learning pressures,this paper recognizes the present situation from the learning pressures sustained by university students,and analyzes the reasons. Aiming at these reasons,this paper puts forward regulation countermeasures to solve these problems,including self-regulation,university developing metal health education actives,parents setting reasonable expectations values,society creating a good external environment for students.


A nonlinear regression approach is employed to construct a surface wind analysis from a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisition off the west coast of North America and a collocated operational marine wind forecast. The analysis is iteratively constructed using a cost function that minimizes discrepancies with the wind forecast, the SAR backscatter, and wind directions that are inferred from the backscatter gradients. The relative importance of these discrepancies is defined by three corresponding error covariance matrices and an independent set of buoy observations is used to postulate their precise definition.


[Objective] The study aimed to ascertain the optimum extraction conditions for of honeysuckle and supply references for processing honeysuckle drink.[Method] In the orthogonal experiment with three-factor of flower-water ratio,temperature and time and two-level,the water extract,amino acid,flavones and chlorogenic acid contents were determined and their change were analyzed.[Result] The optimum extraction conditions for water extract in honeysuckle was the flower-water ratio of 1∶40,temperature of 80 ℃,time of 20 min and water extract content of 45.96%.The optimum extraction conditions for chlorogenic acid in honeysuckle was the flower-water ratio of 1∶40,temperature of 80 ℃,time of 15 min and chlorogenic acid content of 4.09%.The optimum extraction conditions for amino acid in honeysuckle was the flower-water ratio of 1∶30,temperature was 70 ℃,time was 10min and amino acid content of 2.02%.The optimum extraction conditions for flavones in honeysuckle was that the flower-water ratio of 1∶40,temperature of 80 ℃,time of 15 min and flavones content of 0.826 2%.[Conclusion] The optimum extraction conditions for honeysuckle was the flower-water ratio of 1∶30~1∶40,temperature of 70~80 ℃ and time of 10~15 min.


The physiologic changes that occur in pregnancy may exceed the patient's underlying compensatory mechanisms, resulting in initial symptom onset or rapid decompensation of medical illness during pregnancy. Certain chronic medical conditions also pose a serious threat to the mother's health or result in a poor fetal outcome. Finally, some medical illnesses result in a difficult delivery or the need for special resuscitation measures in the neonate. The incidence of pregnancy in chronically ill patients is increasing because of improved survival of patients with diseases such as diabetes, epilepsy, renal failure, and various cancers. Also, the demographics of pregnancy are changing in that maternal age at the time of first pregnancy is increasing. Advances in assisted reproduction, including in vitro fertilization and oocyte donation, have made it possible for older women—including those who are postmenopausal—to become pregnant. Older pregnant women experience an increased rate of antepartum and intrapartum complications and are more likely to have comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease.


The role of zeolite overlayer in the performance of Pd thin film membranes on asymmetric alumina tubular supports is analyzed. These novel multilayer membranes have a ceramic base support (asymmetric α-Al2O3 tubes) on which a crack-free Pd dense thin film was deposited by electroless plating deposition followed by creation of a further zeolite (titanium silicalite, TS-1) membrane compact layer on the top of the Pd thin film. The TS-1 layer was prepared by a two-step procedure: (i) the preseeding with TS-1 nanocrystals by dip-coating, eventually assisted by a polymer (PEI or PDADMAC), followed by (ii) a secondary growth. The composite membranes are crack-free and homogeneous, and show good mechanical properties, in terms of adhesion between metallic film and substrate, and between the zeolitic film and Pd thin film. The composite membranes were evaluated in terms of H2 permeance with respect to bare Pd membrane. The zeolite overlayer induces a change in the rate-limiting step in H2 transport, due to the pa...


In this research, we employ time-dependent density functional calculations for photoelectron spectroscopy of nitrogen molecule in short laser pulses. First, the optical absorption spectrum of nitrogen is calculated by using full time propagation and linear response techniques. Then laser pulses with different frequencies, intensities, and lengths are applied to the molecule and the resulting photoelectron spectra are analyzed. It is argued that direction of the laser pulse propagation significantly influence the orbital character of the emitted photoelectrons. Moreover, the length of the laser pulse is also found to be very effective in controlling the orbital resolution and intensity of photoelectrons. Angular resolved distribution of photoelectrons are presented at different pulse frequencies and recording times. By logarithmic increase of the laser pulse intensity, the theoretical threshold of two photons absorption in nitrogen molecule is determined.


The invention relates to an actuating device (1) for at least one about a rotational axis (d) disposed friction clutch (200, 201) with an actuating element of the at least one friction clutch (200, 201) along an operating path stressful, arranged around the axis of rotation (d) sleeve (37, 38) having an annular edge (35, 36), a substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation (d) which is arranged Hebelaktor (3, 4) engaging with a radially inner fork-shaped in the annular edge (35, 36) and radially outwardly elastically at a received base plate (2) lever (21, 22), a radially by an actuator (5, 6) and a spindle drive (9, 10) is displaceable, a bearing with radial verlagerbarem fulcrum between the base plate (2) and lever (21, 22) forming cross-member (15, 16) and a clutch system with this. To an actuating device (1) in particular for more uniform actuation of the at least one friction clutch (200, 201) further developing, the at least one friction clutch (200, 201) pulled actuated and the mounting of the lever (21, 22) relative to the base plate (2) kippweich formed.


A study was undertaken to investigate lactation pattern and the relationship between milk yield and body weight gain in Mandya lambs. Twenty-four ewes were selected for the study as and when lambing occurred. The mean birth weight of lambs was 2.10±0.01 kg. The colostrum intake at 6 h and 24 h after birth was 3.2 and 9.8% of birth weight. The mean daily milk yield of the Mandya ewes was 304 ml over a period of eight weeks. Average fat, total solids, protein, solids-not-fat, ash and lactose contents of milk were 8.60, 20.18, 4.95, 11.55, 0.80, and 5.82%, respectively. The average daily gain in lambs was 68 g over the period of eight weeks. There was significant (P<0.001) and positive correlation (r2 =0.84) between milk intake and lamb weight gain. The total body weight loss of dams was 2.22 kg in 34 days of lactation (@ 65.3 g/day). Four lambs which were provided dry feed along with milk, gained an average of 77 g/day. The average daily gain from milk and dry feed were 46 and 33 g, respectively. Up to fifth week, weight gain from milk exceeded over dry feed and then onwards gain from dry feed exceeded over the gain from milk intake. The study suggested that milk yield of the dams is a limiting factor for growth of lambs in pre-weaning stage. Alow persistency of lactation yield associated with body weight loss in ewes is suggestive of nutritional inadequacy in grazing ewes during pregnancy and lactation.


Bacillus Licheniformi,which can reduce the toxic selenite anion to red elemental selenium(Se0),was isolated from a carbonaceous mudstone with high content of Se.The results showed that this strain can stand in 320 mM SeO2-3 and in more than 1000 mM SeO2-4.However,the high concentration of SeO2-3 can inhibit the growth of the strain in liquid medium(YEG).No matter in aerobic culture or anaerobic culture that the strain was inoculated,it can reduce selenite anion to nanospheric elemental selenium granules,distributed around or within the cells.In the liquid YEG medium contains 5mM of selenite,the transformed efficiency of Se4+ to Se0 by Bacillus licheniformi was 42% approximately.Since no rigorous requirement for Bacillus licheniformi to live,it is suitable to be selected in microbial remediation techniques as the strains that cope with selenium pollutions,and to produce the nano-Se granules with bioavailability.At the same time,the phenomena of selenite anions reduced to elemental Se by the bacterial provides a chance to further understand the microbial mineralization of selenium in the environment.


Researchers usually focused on using unstructured documents, such as news, scientific literatures, World Wide Web pages, business reports, as input documents of KeyGraph. But the unstructured documents might results in unclear keywords and meaningless keywords. Although traditional document preprocessing could dismiss some of the problems, generating complex and unreadable KeyGraph diagrams were not avoidance. In this research, we applied the concept of chance discovery and KeyGraph to discover hidden blue ocean strategy (BOS) for decision makers who not necessary familiar with the concerned domains. A preprocessing strategy, including develop an operational framework of BOS and design a sentence structure for representing BOS, was proposed to assure the necessary keywords be included in the required documents. Seventy-two documents concerning blue ocean firms were collected as sample cases for developing the operational framework. At last, three experiences were designed for confirming the performance of the proposed preprocessing strategy. Experimental results shown that the subjects were not consistently recognized BOS with traditional approach (used unstructured documents as input documents of KeyGraph). In contrast, the subjects could easily find explicit scenarios of BOS, and recognize a few of implicit scenarios appeared on KeyGraph diagrams with the proposed strategy.


Background
 Platelets, harvested for transfusion, have a relatively short "shelf life" of 5 days. With increasing storage, platelets develop structural and functional changes called "platelet storage lesions". These changes result not only in reduced hemostatic response to agonists but also in an accelerated clearance from the circulation in vivo. The precise mechanisms of clearance of platelets aged in vitro (or vivo) are not known. There is an increased exposure of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell surface of stored platelets. PS is a well-known tag for clearance of cells from the circulation by the macrophage PS receptors. PS-expressing stored platelets are also rapidly cleared from the circulation, presumably through the similar mechanism. Targeting this pathway could improve the recovery of stored platelets following transfusion by inhibiting storage-induced PS exposure
 Results and Discussion
 Actin is a major PS binding proteins in platelets. In resting platelets, actin filaments are at the periphery and in close proximity to the membrane. We hypothesize that the interaction with actin filaments constrains the mobility of PS in the inner leaflet. We generated artificial bilamellar liposomes mimicking the intra (PS) or extra (PC) cellular phospholipid composition of the membrane bilayer. When these liposomes were incubated with platelet lysate, the most striking enrichment was seen in actin, which was increased 5-fold in PS-containing liposome compared to control PC liposomes. These data suggest that actin and actin-associated proteins may, in fact, be the major inner leaflet PS-binding proteins in resting platelets.
 Cortical actin retracts from the membrane with PS exposure in senescent platelets: We examined the morphological changes in resting fresh platelets, five-day-old platelets and ABT-737 (10 μM) treated platelets by immunofluorescence microscopy. Platelets immobilized on polylysine-coated plates were immunostained with FITC-lactadherin and Alexa- 647-phalloidin. As shown in Figure 1, resting platelets do not express PS (no or minimal FITC-lactadherin staining). Actin filaments (Alexa-647-phalloidin) are distributed in the subcortical region as a thin submembranous network. In 6-day old stored platelets, there is significant increase in platelet surface FITC-lactadherin staining. In addition, in most platelets actin filaments have retracted from the subcortical region towards the center of the platelet (compare figure 1 panels A and B
 Bad phosphorylation is significantly diminished in stored platelets. Phosphorylated Bad is sequestered in the cytosol by binding to the scaffolding protein 14-3-3. Furthermore, phosphorylation of S118 inhibits apoptosis by preventing its association with Bcl-xL. Dephosphorylation of Bad may initiate intrinsic apoptosis by associating with Bcl-xL. We determined the phosphorylation status of Bad in stored platelets by Phosphoproteomic and WB analyses of stored and fresh human platelets ( Figure-2) Both methods showed a drastic decrease in Bad is phosphorylation at serine residues 99 and 118 in stored platelets.
 Activation of cofilin-1 by dephosphorylation in stored platelets. Like Bad, phosphorylation of cofilin-1 is also markedly decrease in stored platelets as shown by WB analyses (Figure-3). It is unclear how the apoptotic pathways lead to cofilin-1 activation (dephosphorylation). Caspases are known to activate slingshot phosphatase which could then activate cofilina1 by its dephosphorylation. LIM- kinases phosphorylate and, thus, inactivate cofilin-1 whereas slingshot phosphatases dephosphorylate and activate cofilin-1. Our data show that the Lim kinase inhibitor, as expected increased ABT-737-induced PS exposure on platelets (Figure 4A), whereas slingshot phosphatase inhibitor inhibited ABT-737-induced PS exposure at a 1-μM concentration (Figure 4B)
 Conclusion
 Our data show that activation of apoptotic pathways is responsible for activation of cofilin and subsequent PS exposure by actin reorganization in stored platelets. Targeting this pathway could improve the recovery of stored platelets following transfusion by inhibiting storage-induced PS exposure.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Objective to detect serum TNF-α,IL-18,ADPN in Patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Methods 50 patients with T2DM were randomly selected,based on urinary protein excretion rate into diabetes without nephropathy(DN group) 25 cases;diabetic nephropathy(NDN group) 25 cases.And select the healthy control group(CTL group) 25 cases.Unites the immunity adsorption law determination with the enzyme the trying blood serum TNF-α,IL-18,the ADPN density.Results(1)in diabetic group,serum TNF-α,IL-18 concentrations higher than the CTL group,DN group was significantly higher than the concentration of serum ADPN CTL group,NDN Serum ADPN concentrations lower than CTL group.(2)serum TNF-α,IL-18,ADPN levels were significantly higher than in the DN group NDN group,the difference was statistically significant.(3) linear correlation analysis showed that TNF-α and FBG,HbAIC,UAER was positively correlated;IL-18 and FBG,HbAIC,UAER was significantly positively correlated;ADPN and UAER was significantly positively correlated,ADPN and BMI,FBG,HbA1C was negatively related.Conclusion The blood serum TNF-α,IL-18,the ADPN height and diabetes nephrosis's pathological change stage is closely related.Serum TNF-α,IL-18,ADPN levels can determine the type 2 diabetic nephropathy as the extent of the damage and the prognosis.


Electrochemical characteristics of the composite Ni-P+TiO2 electrocoatings with a differentiated content of TiO2 composite component from 14 to 20 at.%, dependent on temperature conditions of electrodeposition from 293 to 333 K, was carried out in an alkaline 2.5 M NaOH solution. Cyclic voltammetry studies of the Ni-P+TiO2 coatings and comparable Ni-P electrocatalysts revealed that cyclic cathode-anode polarization activated TiO2 as the embedded composite component for the Ni-P+TiO2 coating obtained at 333 K only.


Analysing economic effi ciency of farm production always faces a problem of insuffi cient information. Th is is particularly true when the analysis is performed on the reference farm where estimates are based on the average aggregated data. Th e paper illustrates how the combination of diff erent mathematical programming methods could be effi ciently used to analyse the farm-production plan with the lack of the on-farm accounting data. Th e utilised approach shows how the holistic analysis of production planning as a multi-criteria problem could be conducted. Th e estimation of the missing information and the disaggregation of the endogenous farm data is enabled through diff erent models that are based on the constrained optimisation. Th e developed models are linked into the spreadsheet modular tool enabling systematic analyses of the farm decision making under risky conditions. Illustration of the modular tool application is given via the analyses of three hypothetic dairy farms. Th e obtained results indicate that the developed approach enables holistic analyses of the production planning. Th e methodology applied provides also important information for the measures aimed to increase effi ciency as well as to benchmarking the performance of diff erent farm types. Th e results point to a discrepancy between the solutions obtained through diff erent objective functions and shows the advantage of the multi-criteria approach.


FIELD: inorganic chemistry, chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to synthesis of nanostructural materials by chemical way. Method involves reagent solution spraying in precede solution up to formation of precipitate of nanostructural oxide or hydroxide. Then precipitate is subjected for thermal treatment and the following treatment by ultrasonic oscillation or treatment by ultrasonic oscillation and the following thermal treatment. This method gives nanostructural alloyed or nonalloyed nickel hydroxide, manganese dioxide and zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium. Unusual morphological superstructures including clearly distinguished cylinders or nanorods and also novel structures for nickel hydroxide and manganese dioxide can be obtained that comprise assembly of nanostructural fibers, assembly of nanostructural fibers and agglomerates of nanostructural particles and assembly of nanostructural fibers and nanostructural particles. These novel structures exhibit high rates or percolation and high density of active centers that makes their especially suitable for production of catalysts. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis, valuable properties. 66 cl, 40 dwg