Objective To study the methods of three dimensional reconstruction of digitized virtual breast invasive ductal carcionma and sterical characteristic of tumor growth.Methods The specimens were sliced into 0.2 mm continuous sections on transversal plane with the computerized miller,and photographs were taken with digital camera.3DDOCTOR software was used to make three dimensional block diagram and the thin sectional and three dimentional characteristics of breast invasive ductal carcionma were observed.Results Every structure of breast in thin section was clear.Stereo image of breast solid could be shown satisfactorily.Every shape of stereo image and the structure of breast could be shown by revolving the three dimensional image in different direction,beneficial to us in understanding the dimensional growth pattern of tumor.Conclusion The sliced image of breast invasive ductal carcionma database was exact.The image of three dimentional reconstruction was clear,which could reflect the structural feature and growth pattern of breast carcinoma in the breast exactly and be conducive to the evaluation of tumor margin in breast conservation therapy.


Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasonography for diagnosis of primary gallbladder carcinoma. Methods The ultrasonographic features of 52 cases of gallbladder carcinoma which were confirmed by operation pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Results Forty-three of the 52 patients were diagnosed correctly (the diagnostic accuracy rate was 82.7%), while 9 were misdiagnosed (the misdiagnosis rate was 17.3%). Among them, 4 cases were misdiagnosed as cholecystitis, 3 as gallbladder polyps, 2 as gallbladder adenomyomatosis. Conclusions The ultrasound has a high coincidence rate for gallbladder carcinoma. It plays an important role in diagnosing and differential diagnosing the gallbladder carcinoma.


The Qiangdui Cu-Mo deposit is a newly discovered porphyry-skarn type deposit in the eastern section of the Gangdese metallogenetic belt.Argillic monzogranite porphyry is the major ore-forming rock.In this study,ore-forming monzogranite porphyry yields the precise LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of 16.7±0.9Ma,confirming this deposit formed in the Miocene.This age indicates that the Qiangdui Cu-Mo deposit belongs to the same metallogenetic event as the Qulong and Tinggong Cu-Mo deposits,Jiama Cu-Pb-Zn deposit in the central Gangdese belt.Additionally,the systematic researches of garnets in the skarn indicate the early-stage skarn is dominated by grossular,and the late-stage skarn is dominated by andradite.This observation also suggests that the salinity and temperature of ore-forming fluid gradually decrease,while oxygen fugacity and pH gradually increase.Besides,partial garnets show high content of F,possibly suggesting the ore-forming fluids have a certain amount of F.It is worth noting that the quartz-chalcopyrite-molybdenite veinlets occur in the skarn,implying they may be superposed by the later hydrothermal activity similar to the porphyry type deposit.Ore-forming monzogranite porphyry apophyses appear in the drill holes.These observations may indicate that there is a prospecting potential of the porphyry type mineralization in the deep subsurface.


Compared to a single junction solar cell, a multi-junction (MJ) solar cell can extract higher energy from sun by splitting the solar spectrum. Depending on the spectrum splitting techniques, two different structures of MJ solar cells are possible: vertical multijunction solar cell (VMJ) and lateral multijunction solar cell (LMJ). Both of these structures have their own advantages and limitations. LMJ solar cell has the potential to emerge as an effective solution for solar energy conversion although the availability of research materials on LMJ is limited compared to that of VMJ. In this paper, a complete photovoltaic (PV) power system constructed from lateral multijunction solar cells is proposed along with a new interconnection technique. The I/V characteristics of the solar cells have been matched in the proposed interconnection using a multi-input dc-dc converter. In order to ensure maximum power point (MPP) operation, particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied that requires only one maximum power point control for four solar modules resulting in cost and complexity reduction. Particle swarm optimization algorithm has the potential to track the global maxima of the system even under complex illumination situations. A complete functional system with the implementation of the proposed algorithm has been presented in this paper with relevant experimental results.


Background & objectives: Psychological factors have a significant impact on development of disruptions as well as work-related accidents. Improving mental conditions and paying attention to these factors can increase the health of employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of occupational stress and mental workload on job performance of hospital personnel. Methods: The study population was the personnel of educational hospitals in Larestan (Lar, Khonj and Ewaz), among them 289 people were selected from all occupational units based on the census method. The instruments used in this study were demographic characteristics questionnaire, OSIPOW Questionnaire, NASA-TLX and Paterson's Job Performance Questionnaire. For analyzing the data in SPSS-21 software, the Pearson correlation coefficient, Independent T-test and ANOVA were used. Results: The average age of participants was 34.16±8.52. The results of the study showed that the average total score of mental workload and occupational stress were 63.28±18.01 and 151.45±25.96, respectively. Also, the frequency distribution of stress level and job performance in most personnel showed that they were at the normal and medium levels. There was a significant relationship between job type and income with total score of mental workloads ( p <0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between performance and job stress ( p <0.05). In the study of the relationship between job stress and demographic variables, a significant relationship was found between gender variables and job stress ( p <0.05). The correlation coefficient of job performance with job stress in hospital staff showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between these two variables, so that, with increasing job stress, job performance decreased. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the mental workload of nurses is high compared to the other occupations and when the job stress increases, the personnel performance decreases.


Proteins generally populate multiple structural states in solution. Transitions between these states are important for function, such as allosteric signaling and enzyme catalysis. Structures solved by X-ray crystallography provide valuable, but static, atomic resolution structural information. In contrast, cross-linking mass spectrometry (XLMS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) datasets contain information about conformational and compositional states of the system. The challenge lies in the data interpretation since the cross-links in the data often comes from multiple structural states. We have developed a novel computational method that simultaneously uncovers the set of structural states that are consistent with a given dataset (XLMS or SAXS). The input is a single atomic structure, a list of flexible residues, and an experimental dataset. The method finds multi-state models (models that specify two or more co-existing structural states) that are consistent with the data. The method was applied on multiple SAXS and XLMS datasets, including large multi-domain proteins and proteins with long disordered fragments. The applicability of the method extends to other datasets, such as 2D class averages from Electron Microscopy, and residual dipolar couplings.


The purpose of this study is to understand general perception of utilizing whale resources and preference for implementing whale watching tourism. This article examines perception of whale resources and identifies preferred types of the whale watching program in the feasibility of a whale watching tourism. And also analyzing the causal effect between perception of the whale resources and intention for participating in regarding the types of whale watching tourism. The results of this study showed that there are high interest in protecting and preserving of whale resources and low intention to resume the operation of commercial whale hunting. For utilizing of whale resources, we need to consider developing whale watching tour as ecotourism. The interest and watching for whale resources have a high level of relation with participating intention in whale tourism. Participation of whale tourism will be induced by developing new types of whale tourism to meet the interests for whale resources, This approach is hoped by authors to provide useful data for implementation of whale tour program and establishing improvement plan of whale tourism.


This paper discusses the main quality problems faced by the manufacturing industry in China.Based on an integrated quality management system developed by the authors of the paper,a method is demonstrated to design and develop an integrated and computer aided quality management system.The system realizes the integrated application of quality tools and quality management methods,and provides a basic management platform for enterprises in continuous quality improvement process.


The present deliverable relates to the objective of WP4 to structure the perception and representation of the Nexus using the approach of Quantitative Story-Telling based on the MuSIASEM accounting framework. In particular, it addresses the topics of Tasks 4.4 'Global Drivers', 4.5 'Planetary Boundaries', and 4.6 'Externalization'. In a series of exploratory analyses it illustrates MuSIASEM accounting and its potential for Quantitative Story-Telling for anticipation. Rather than claiming to generate plausible predictions of the future, the analyses aim to explore the feasibility, viability and desirability of assumed radical transformations. The deliverable covers the following three anticipatory applications: a dramatic decarbonisation in relation to energy supply for a sample of 6 EU countries, with consequences for required assets and investments; a dramatic reduction in the externalization of food supply for a sample of 8 EU countries while considering water as an entangled variable, with consequences for agro-economic activities and labour requirement in an urbanizing EU; a dramatic change in global population and dietary patterns, in relation to regional materialisations of planetary boundaries, with consequences for meeting regional biospheric constraints to self-sufficiency and interregional dependencies.


The work is devoted to studying the possibility of using a two-parametric model of an electron beam to describe the depth distributions of the electron dose in materials with a low density and an effective atomic number. In this model, the parameters are determined by fitting the semi-empirical model (PFSEM-method) to the results of meas-urements of the depth-dose distribution in a dosimetric wedge. The depth-dose distributions in a birchwood wedge were measured at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, Poland. The parameters of the electron beam incident on the wedge were determined by the PFSEM method. The Monte Carlo simulations of the depth-dose distribution in the wedge for the process of electron irradiation, the characteristics of which are deter-mined by the PFSEM method, have been carried out. It is shown that there is a satisfactory agreement between the measurement results and the Monte Carlo simulation of the depth-dose distribution. The advantages of describing depth-dose distributions in a wedge based on a two-parametric model of an electron beam in comparison with tradi-tional methods of polynomial approximation of measurement results are discussed.


The purpose of this study was to reveal the project-based learning model with conventional learning models of student learning outcomes. This type of research was quasi experimental research design. Quasi experiments used post-test only design with two random groups for experimental and control classes. The sample in this research was 64 students. The instrument used to measure student learning outcomes is a multiple choice objective test with five option. Data were analyzed using t test. The results of data analysis showed that there were significant differences in the learning outcomes of Electrical Machine and Conversion Energy subjects that were significant between students in the experimental class taught using the project based learning learning model for students in the control class taught by conventional learning models. The average value of experimental class is 82 is higher than the average control class is 73. Based on the above two learning activities, it can be concluded that using the project based learning model further improves students learning outcomes in Electrical Machine and Conversion Energy subjects compared with conventional methods of learning.


Let n be a fixed natural number. Menger algebras of rank n, which was introduced by Menger, K., can be regarded as the suitable generalization of arbitrary semigroups. Based on this knowledge, an interesting question arises: what a generalization of ternary semigroups is. In this article, we first introduce the notion of ternary Menger algebras of rank n, which is a canonical generalization of arbitrary ternary semigroups, and discuss their related properties. In the second part, we establish the so-called a diagonal ternary semigroup which its operation is induced by the operation on ternary Menger algebras of rank n and then investigate their interesting properties. Moreover, we introduce the concept of homomorphism and congruences on ternary Menger algebras of rank n. These lead us to study the quotient ternary Menger algebras of rank n and to investigate the homomorphism theorem for ternary Menger algebra of rank n with respect to congruences. Furthermore, the characterization of reduction of ternary Menger algebra into Menger algebra is presented.


The relationship and effect of antiretroviral therapy with associated hepatotoxicity were investigated in different paediatric age groups using serum alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphates (ALP) biomarkers. The study consisted of a total of one hundred and twenty (120) participants; fifteen (15) each from different age groups of HIV infected children at baseline and three (3) months after initiation of therapy as well as a control group. Ninety three percent (93%) of the children studied acquired HIV infection through vertical transmission with seventy percent (70%) having mixed feeding as their feeding pattern. Before treatment initiation, total serum ALT and AST values (mean±S.E.M.) (25.7±4.8 and 69.6±3.6 U/L) were significantly higher (p<0.05) among the baseline than the control groups (21.1±1.9 and 17.9±3.6 U/L). After treatment, total serum transaminases and ALP values were found to be significantly lower (p<0.05) among the treated (24.4±3.6, 38.4±5.4 and 255.5±77.5 U/L) than the baseline (25.7±4.8, 69.6±3.6 and 262.1±114.8 U/L) groups, except for the children in the least age group. This study concluded that antiretroviral drugs have effect on liver enzymes and are risk factors for developing hepatotoxicity especially in children at lower age groups. Children therefore require frequent evaluation during antiretroviral therapy even in the absence of signs and symptoms of metabolic complications. Keywords : Antiretroviral therapy, hepatotoxicity, transaminases, paediatric.


Changes in cardiac Na v 1.5 expression, function, and acetylation by pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors. Am J Physiol Heart Physiol H1139–H1149, 2016. tone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are small molecule anticancer therapeutics that exhibit limiting cardiotoxicities including QT inter- val prolongation and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Because the molecular mechanisms for HDAC inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity are poorly understood, we performed whole cell patch voltage-clamp experiments to measure cardiac sodium currents ( I Na ) from wild-type neonatal mouse ventricular or human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes treated with trichostatin A (TSA), vorinostat (VOR), or romidepsin (FK228). All three pan-HDAC inhibitors dose dependently decreased peak I Na density and shifted the voltage acti- vation curve 3- to 8-mV positive. Increases in late I Na were not observed despite a moderate slowing of the inactivation rate at low activating potentials ( (cid:2)(cid:3) 40 mV). Scn5a mRNA levels were not significantly altered but Na V 1.5 protein levels were significantly reduced. Immunoprecipitation with anti-Na V 1.5 and Western blotting with anti-acetyl-lysine antibodies indicated that Na V 1.5 acetylation is increased in vivo after HDAC inhibition. FK228 inhibited total cardiac HDAC activity with two apparent IC 50 s of 5 nM and 1.75 (cid:4) M, consistent with previous findings with TSA and VOR. FK228 also decreased ventricular gap junction conductance ( g j ), again consistent with previous findings. We conclude that pan-HDAC inhibition reduces cardiac I Na density and Na V 1.5 protein levels without affecting late I Na amplitude and, thus, probably does not contribute to the reported QT interval prolongation and arrhythmias associated with pan-HDAC inhibitor therapies. Conversely, reductions in g j may enhance the occurrence of triggered activity by limiting electrotonic inhibition and, combined with reduced I Na , slow myocardial conduc- tion and increase vulnerability to reentrant arrhythmias. ventricles separated, and lysed in 1% Triton X-100 extraction buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide, 1.0 mM PMSF, 1 (cid:4) g Aprotinin, 1% Triton X-100, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , and 50 mM NaF) with protease inhibitors (Roche). The ventricular heart lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blot procedures using primary anti-Na V 1.5 and anti-acetyl-lysine (Ac-K, Abcam, cat. no. ab21623) rabbit polyclonal antibodies and the Dyna- beads Protein G (Thermo Fisher Scientific) immunoprecipitation procedures. The primary antibody was bound to the protein G magnetic beads according to manufacturer's instructions and the target antigen (Na V 1.5) was immunoprecipitated in an IP buffer containing 1% Triton X-100, 0.5% NP-40, 20 mM HEPES, 50 mM NaCl, and protease inhibitors (Roche), pH 7.4, using a magnet. The immuno- precipitate was washed with washing buffer, eluted with elution buffer, and subjected to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Western blot procedures with anti-Ac-K and anti-Na V 1.5 antibodies as previously described. The Na V 1.5 immunoprecipitation experiments were per- formed in triplicate.


A new instrument is described, the electronic differential altimeter. It is continuous measuring device capable of measuring vertical deviations very accurately and their changes over time. Several instruments are already in place in historic buildings: s. Maria delle grazie, milan, and pallazo dell'arengo, rimini.


Studies of the Resonance Structure in D[superscript 0] K[0 over S]K[superscript ±][superscript ] Decays. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters.


Unlike most other conventional petroleum products that are derived from crude oil, gas‐to‐liquids (GTLs) are petroleum products that are synthesized from natural gas (methane). This process results in GTL products having no sulfur and low aromatic content, so they should have less impact on human health and the environment compared with crude oil–derived products. The GTLs have been registered for use as nonaqueous base fluids (NABFs) in drilling muds, which aid in the process of drilling wells for oil and gas extraction; it is through these uses and others that they enter terrestrial environments. The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether GTLs were less toxic to terrestrial soil biota than conventional NABFs used for land‐based drilling, such as diesel and low‐toxicity mineral oil (LTMO). A second objective was to understand the fate and impact of these fluids under more realistic soil and aging conditions of a common west Texas (USA) oil‐producing region (i.e., sandy loam soil with low organic matter and a hot arid climate). Acute terrestrial toxicity studies were conducted on the soft‐bodied terrestrial invertebrate earthworm (Eisenia fetida) along with 3 plant species—alfalfa (Medicago stavia), thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus), and fourwing saltbrush (Atriplex canescens). We also assessed changes in microbial community structure of the soils following additions of NABF. Overall, the GTL NABFs had lower toxicity compared with conventional NABFs like diesel and LTMO, as measured by invertebrate toxicity, plant seed germination, and impact on the microbial community. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:721–730. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.


Abstract Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a complex eclectic method that has potential to be a valuable tool for critical policy analysis. This article highlights this potential by demonstrating how CDA can be applied to policy texts. That is, it focuses on the processes involved in 'doing' critical discourse analysis. In particular, it examines the framework identified by Chouliaraki & Fairclough (1999) as the means by which CDA can be 'operationalised' in order to produce 'theoretically grounded analyses in a wide range of cases'. The framework is outlined and discussed in relation to the construction of teacher identities in educational policies. The article then applies CDA to an analysis of one education policy document to illustrate the framework in operation. In so doing, it addresses the problem of teacher quality, which is analysed in terms of the discursive constructions of teachers' professional identities. The analysis demonstrates how CDA may be used both as a tool for critical policy analysis and for the analysis of the construction of identities in educational, and other, documents.


Objective: To investigate the protection of Lansoprazole to acute injury of gastric mucosal lesion in rats caused by alcohol. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, Lansoprazole group and Omeprazole group, acute injury of gastric mucosal lesion in rata was caused by absolute alcohol, gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF), transmembrane potential (PD), gastric mucosal damage index (UI), prostaglandin E2 and thromboxan B2 were mea- sured, pathological change was observed by light microscope. Results: GMBF, PD and PGE2 in Lansoprazole group were higher than those in model control group, UIandthromboxanB2inLansoprazolegroupwerelowerthanthoseinmodelcontrol group (P0.01). Conclusion: Lansoprazole may have great protection to gastric mucosa of rats, it may increase gastric mucosal blood flow by promoting the synthesis of PGE2.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a new method for generating a gem like bisphosphonic acid. This method performs a bis-phosphorylated using 3 and a phosphorus halide, phosphoric acid as reactants and solvents, the base as acid acceptor and solvent. The present invention relates to a method of producing a geminal bisphosphonic acids of the general formula. [Formula 1] In formula (I), Q is oxygen, -NR4-, sulfur, selenium, or a single bond, m + n is the 0 to about 5 integers, ring Z is pyridine, pyridazine, chosen pyrimidine, and from the group consisting of pyrazine , and the hydrogen R Hydroxy, halogen, carbonyl, alkoxy, nitro, amido, amino, substituted amino, carboxylate, and 1 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of combinations of these, R


Environmental sensing using small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) has become more and more desirable due to the spatial temporal resolution and frequency of sampling. In the oil and gas industry, the process of detecting, quantifying, and localizing leaks are of utmost concern. Emission leaks that go undetected are potentially hazardous and can be costly to companies. In this work we extend a digital twin framework to a controlled release experiment using sUAS. The digital twin model is tuned heuristically and compared using a mass balance method to estimate the source rate. The results show qualitative agreement with the temporal and spatial behavior of the experimental data.


The control chart is useful in the monitoring of a production process by keeping an eye in the key quality characteristics of the outcome of the production process. The monitoring can be accomplished by means of univariate or multivariate charts. In some cases, the key characteristics of the production process can be represented by some profile, that is, a linear or non-linear relationship between some of its variables. Here we consider the monitoring of a linear profile where the estimatives of the parameters of the model are obtained by Kalman filter and also by the usual least square method. The 2 χ control chart is used to monitor the process. By a detailed simulation, we conclude that the chart based on the Kalman filter estimatives presents a better performance than the chart based on the ordinary least square estimatives. This is however expected since the comparison between a chart based on a statistic that takes into account only present values and another that also takes into account past values must favor the second. K EYWORDS. Statistical process control, Monitoring of linear profiles, Kalman filter. Applications to Industry.


With Moore's law supplying billions of transistors on-chip, embedded systems are undergoing a transition from single-core to multi-core to exploit this high transistor density for high performance. However, there exists a plethora of multi-core architectures and the suitability of these multi-core architectures for different embedded domains (e.g., distributed, real-time, reliability-constrained) requires investigation. Despite the diversity of embedded domains, one of the critical applications in many embedded domains (especially distributed embedded domains) is information fusion. Furthermore, many other applications consist of various kernels, such as Gaussian elimination (used in network coding), that dominate the execution time. In this paper, we evaluate two embedded systems multi-core architectural paradigms: symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs) and tiled multi-core architectures (TMAs). We base our evaluation on a parallelized information fusion application and benchmarks that are used as building blocks in applications for SMPs and TMAs. We compare and analyze the performance of an Intel-based SMP and Tilera's TILEPro64 TMA based on our parallelized benchmarks for the following performance metrics: runtime, speedup, efficiency, cost, scalability, and performance per watt. Results reveal that TMAs are more suitable for applications requiring integer manipulation of data with little communication between the parallelized tasks (e.g., information fusion) whereas SMPs are more suitable for applications with floating point computations and a large amount of communication between processor cores.


We introduce computational methods that allow for effective estimation of a flexible, parametric non-stationary spatial model when the field size is too large to compute the multivariate normal likelihood directly. In this method, the field is defined as a weighted spatially varying linear combination of a globally stationary process and locally stationary processes. Often in such a model, the difficulty in its practical use is in the definition of the boundaries for the local processes, and therefore we describe one such selection procedure that generally captures complex non-stationary relationships. We generalize the use of stochastic approximation to the score equations for data on a partial grid in this non-stationary case and provide tools for evaluating the approximate score in $O(n\log n)$ operations and $O(n)$ storage. We perform various simulations to explore the effectiveness and speed of the proposed methods and conclude by making inference on the accumulation behavior of arsenic applied to a sand grain.


Cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae var. Botrytis) is the most popular cole vegetable grown extensively in India. It belongs to family Brassicaceae. It is rich in nutrients but has highest waste index. The edible portion of cauliflower is curd (head), whereas, its leaves which are generally thrown away as waste are also rich source of iron and β-carotene and thus can be utilized in various value added products. This study therefore, considers the addition of cauliflower leaf powder in roasted wheat flour containing wide range of nutrients in enrichment of noodles. The alterations in chemical constituents (moisture, protein, fat, ash and fibre) of noodles were examined by adding cauliflower leaf powder to the noodle formulation at the level of 0, 10, 15, 20 per cent flour weight basis. The results of study indicated that samples of cauliflower leaf powder added noodles, for all addition levels, contained more protein, fibre and ash as compared to control sample. The result obtained in this study suggested that acceptable noodles in terms of physico-chemical and sensory properties could be produced by incorporating cauliflower leaf powder into roasted wheat flour upto the level of 10 per cent flour weight basis. Thus, cauliflower leaf powder could be successfully used to enrich noodles, giving alternative utilization opportunity to producers and healthy choice option to the consumers.


Background Oxidative stress induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction is hypothesized to be fundamental in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study investigated whether vitamin C, vitamin C phosphate, vitamin E, propofol, betaxolol, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) protect human RPE cells from oxidative stress. Methods ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with the compounds under investigation. The chemical oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) was used to induce oxidative stress. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results Exposure to t-BOOH resulted in a dose- and time-dependent reduction in ARPE-19 cell viability. Compared with cells given t-BOOH alone, vitamin E and NAC pretreated cells had significantly improved viability, propofol and betaxolol pretreated cells had no significant difference in viability, and vitamin C and vitamin C phosphate pretreated cells had significantly reduced viability. Conclusion Of the compounds studied, only vitamin E and NAC significantly mitigated the effects of oxidative stress on RPE cells. Because of their potential therapeutic value for AMD patients, these and other RPE protective compounds continue to merit further investigation.


Background. Due to the harmful effects resulting from the addition of antibiotics to treat diseases affecting poultry and their use as growth promoter, it was necessary to have safe alternatives such as organic acids and probiotics, which work to provide an appropriate pH for activity of beneficial bacteria and reducing the numbers of harmful pathogenic bacteria. Objective. To assess the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics, with or without organic acids (acetic, propionic, and benzoic) on growth performance, carcass quality, digestibility, intestinal development, gut microbiota, and serum parameters of broiler chicks. Methodology. A total number of 250 one-day old, unsexed Ross (308) broiler chicks, were equally assigned to five feeding treatments (50 birds/treatment, five replicates of ten birds/treatment) as follows: T1 (control); fed a basal diet (BD), T2; fed BD + 2g commercial probiotics (PRO)/kg diet, T3: fed BD + 2g PRO/ kg diet + 10 ml acetic acid/kg diet, T4: fed BD + 2g PRO/kg diet + 10 ml propionic acid/ kg diet, and T5: fed BD + 2g PRO/ kg diet + 10 ml benzoic acid / kg diet. The trial prolonged from day 1 to day 42 of age. Results. Compared to the control, the results revealed that body weight and body weight gain were significantly improved at 3 and 6 wks of age as a result of supplementing the diets with probiotics and organic acids (especially benzoic acid). The positive impacts of the supplements on FCR were more pronounced from 4-6 weeks and for the overall period (0-6 wks). No mortalities occurred when organic acids were supplemented. The tested supplements also decreased bacterial counts of ileal E. coli. Moreover, probiotics plus benzoic acid treatment (T5) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the ileal lactobacilli count. Carcass traits, internal organs and GIT histological parameters were positively affected by different treatments, especially probiotics plus benzoic acid treatment. The supplements improved ALT, AST and ALP activity and decreased cholesterol and triglycerides content in blood serum (P <0.05). Implications. The study showed that the addition of organic acids to probiotics led to an increase in the lactobacilli count. Conclusions. The tested feed supplements displayed beneficial impacts and positive role on broilers productive performance and improved their gut health and function through enhancement of the intestinal microbiota.


The article deals with an overview of the main trends of research in the sphere of the psychology of entrepreneurs and business activity. The authors develop their approach to the socio-psychological investigation on entrepreneurs' economic self-determination.


A key factor enabling the reduction of the thermal budget in W2W bonding integration flows is the activation sequence, consisting of cleaning and plasma treatment, used before bonding. For hybrid bonding such activation sequence needs to be selected to fulfill multiple functions: activation of the dielectric bonding surface to obtain a high bonding energy during room temperature bonding, minimize the dielectric bonding annealing temperature while avoiding exposed Cu oxidation and reducing the required annealing temperature for proper Cu-to-Cu bonding. In this paper we discuss the effect of different wafer clean methods (Deionized (DI) water and citric acid) and the effect of different plasma treatments on SiCN and Cu surfaces before bonding. The characterization techniques used include XPS, TEM, ellipsometry, SAM, OES and wafer-to-wafer bond strength testing. It is observed that Nitrogen plasma treatment can help in reducing the CuOx and a mild passivation effect of the surface is observed. Whereas on the Cu pads citric acid, used just before bonding, appears a good option, since clear effectiveness in reducing the CuOx is observed, on the dielectric it may leave some residues which can result sometimes in bonding defects. Moreover, a metric to evaluate efficient SiCN-SiCN bonding is proposed and further understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in SiCN-SiCN bonding are suggested.


ABSTRACT Electrospinning is a nifty process of producing nanofibers in different nanometers ranging from 1 nm to 1000 nm. Nanofiber production is now one of the most important achievements in nanotechnology. Small fiber diameter, large surface area, layer thinness, high porosity, and low base weight are characteristics of electrospun fibers. After being dissolved in a solvent and melted, polymers can be electrospun into nanofibers. The process parameters include flow rate, applied voltage, the distance between the needle tip to the collector, and solution properties. In this article, the electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and their biopolymer blends like Azadirachta indica (Neem), Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera), Vitex negundo have been reviewed. The application of electrospun nanofibers has been used in the diversified technical areas of biomedical such as tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. Even though polyvinyl alcohol is a synthetic polymer, it is easily biodegradable since the solvent for PVA is water only. The other polymers used are also biocompatible and biodegradable.


The authors describe accelerated storage tests (devised by the Battelle Institute) on D-2 metal particle video tape. The need for tests arose when the archival stability of the magnetic tapes was questioned. The tapes were supplied by Fuji, Maxell, Sony and Ampex. Measurement of error rate and magnetic remnance showed no detectable change in the equivalent of 14 years in a commercial computer facility.


Brains from eight rats subjected to transient focal ischemia (2 hours) and reperfusion (22 hours) revealed an ultrastructural appearance of apoptosis and light microscopic features of cells exhibiting DNA fragmentation. The number of cells exhibiting DNA fragmentation was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the ipsilateral hemisphere (216 +/- 43 per section) than in the contralateral hemisphere and in normal (n = 4) and sham operated (n = 4) rats (0 to 3 positive cells per section in controls). Cells exhibiting DNA fragmentation were primarily located in the inner boundary zone to the infarct. Cells exhibiting DNA fragmentation provided morphological information of apoptosis. Apoptosis may contribute to the development of infarct after transient focal cerebral ischemia.


Injection laryngoplasty using hyaluronic acid for patients of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) is becoming more prevalent in Hong Kong. The present investigation explored the efficacy of the procedure by examining various acoustical measures. Both traditional perturbation analyses and nonlinear dynamical measures were used to assess the change in patients' voice quality between before, one month and three months after injection laryngoplasty. Jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), and nonlinear recurrence period density entropy (RPDE), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and correlation dimension (D2) were obtained from the sustained vowel /i/ produced by ten native Cantonese UVFP patients. Results showed that RPDE and D2 were sensitive to improvement after injection laryngoplasty. The receiver operating characteristic area under curve analysis (ROC-AUC) was also used to demonstrate the diagnostic performance of these objective measures. High specificity of these four acoustic measures in distinguishing the voice quality before and after surgery was found, indicating that nonlinear dynamical analysis could be a supplemental tool to traditional acoustic analysis, and if combined, an effective monitoring tool for UVFP treatment.


The paper explores the extents to which the concept of hub is suitable to represent Milan's role in the spatial, social and economic organization of the fashion industry. The system is spatially structured along two complementary forces: a strong embeddedness in the local society and an equally important internationalisation process. Through these analyses, the authors draw some reflections on the importance of the notion of hub for the urban policies.


an ideology. In his present book, T he Taming o the Nations, with its emphasis on ideas rather than upon the appeal to insulated national interests, he offers a healthy and outright challenge to such writers as Professors Ogburn and Morgenthau of the University of Chicago. The history of the Middle Ages is the history of the painful establishment, since the Great Assizes, of due process of law; and the importance of the contemporary analogous task Professor Northrop recognizes as the contemporary world strives, through the rule of law, to escape from what Lowes Dickinson called the &dquo;International Anarchy.&dquo; Also, the general role of ideas in achieving victory, especially in days of revolution and crisis,


Lab as well as plant scale studies were carried out on enzymatic refining of mixed hardwood pulp aiming reduction in refining energy and improvement in fiber freeness. For the study different commercially available enzymes were used. Enzymatic treatment of pulp reduced refining energy by 29.3% in the laboratory scale experiments and by 20% in the plant scale trials conducted at a wood based paper mill. Enzymatic treatment of pulp improved the drainage of pulp by 11.1% in the laboratory scale experiments and improved FPR by 3.0%, FPAR by 3.6% in plant trial. During plant scale trial breaking length of the paper was improved by 14.7-17.4%.


In this paper we analyse the properties of the Bloch oscillating transistor as a preamplifier in cryogenic devices. We consider here especially the readout of hot electron bolometers (HEBs) based on Normal-Superconductor-Insulator tunnel junctions, but the results also apply more generally. We show that one can get an equivalent noise voltage below 1 nV/&sqrt;Hz with a single BOT. By using N BOTs in a parallel array configuration, a further reduction by factor &sqrt;N may be achieved.


This paper examines a nonlinear pricing model where the firm can choose to acquire costly information prior to offering contract menus to consumers; such as paying a consultant or investing in machine learning technologies. Information provides the firm with a signal about consumers types, whose accuracy increases as the firm acquires larger amounts of information. We show that the firm chooses to acquire information, only if it can purchase a sufficient amount that could alter its initial prior beliefs. Relative to standard settings where firms cannot acquire information, we identify how information acquisition changes optimal contract offers, equilibrium profits, information rents, and welfare. A better-informed firm increases its expected profits, but it can also increase expected utility when the cost of information is intermediate. Our results recommend balanced online privacy laws.


Rapid growth of radio traffic in the unlicensed spectrum has led to challenges in securing sufficient resources for reliable communications. This problem is compounded by the emergence of uncooperative and even adversarial users which can interfere with the network fidelity of existing secondary users. In this paper, we propose a DSA policy using a decentralized sample median based exploration-aided UCB (DMA med-E-UCB) and a decentralized sample-median based epsilon greedy (DMA med$- \epsilon-$greedy). Both algorithms are applied in a distributed spectrum sharing cognitive radio network and able to defend against an adversarial attacker with arbitrarily large interference power. We model the proposed spectrum access problem as a multi-armed bandit and show that both algorithms are robust to adversarial attacks. Provided that the attack occurs infrequently, the regret achieved by both algorithms is O$(\log T)$ with high probability, where T is the number of sequential channel access attempts. We show that our algorithms outperform other standard distributed policies and verify our results using an over-the-air software defined-radio testbed.


FUNGOUS infection of the nails, or onychomycosis, is more frequent than has been suspected in the past. The anatomic structure of the nail, with its high content of keratin, provides a good location for the development of certain of the pathogenic fungi. The thickness of the nail tissue and its comparative impermeability cause infections of the nails to be among the most resistant to treatment of the superficial mycoses. The organism responsible may be Candida albicans or one of the species of dermatophytes, such as Trichophyton rubrum or Epidermophyton floccosum; mixed infections are apparently uncommon in this particular type of disease. The invading fungus penetrates the nail along the free edge and grows toward the matrix, gradually infecting the entire nail and the nail bed and may involve the matrix itself. The nail becomes discolored and turns dirty yellow or brown, losing its luster and presenting a dull uneven surface


Objective:To analyze the predisposing factors,clinical and pathological features and prognosis of senile patients with acute renal failure(ARF).Methods:Clinical data of 40 senile ARF patients(older than 60 years) were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results:①The commonest causes of ARF was acute tubular necrosis(ATN),the following causes was acute intestitial nephritis(AIN),systemic vasculitis,infection,cancer,ischemic disease of kidney.②13 cases received hemodialysis,1 continous renal replacement therapy(CRRT),26 without dialysis.③Renal function recovered in 20 cases,not recovered in 8 cases,died in 12 cases.Conclusion:The causes of senile ARF are various.The mortality of senile ARF is higher.The concomitant multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),oliguria,highertabolism and management contribute to the prognosis.


The adsorption of methyl violet dye onto Cresson ( Lepidium sativum ) also as Garden as an adsorbent from its aqueous solution has been carried out. The effect of experimental coefficient parameters like connection time, primary concentration of adsorbate (methyl violet) and amount of adsorbent dose and temperature were evaluated to obtain the optimum condition for adsorption of methyl violet onto Cresson seeds using batch adsorption. The adsorption information were mathematically analyzed using adsorption isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms in order to study adsorption mechanism of methyl violet dye onto Cresson seed. The isotherms of adsorption were advanced and equilibrium data adjusted well to Freundlich isotherm model. The kinetic studies indicated that the process of adsorption followed the model of second-order kinetic. The thermodynamic parameters ( ∆ Gº, ∆ Hº and ∆ Sº) were estimated and the obtained negative value of ∆ Gº indicate a spontaneous adsorption process, positive ∆ Hº value obtained designate about the endothermic properties of adsorption process and positive ∆ Sº value obtained during the adsorption indicated the increased randomness.


Abstract The primitive equation barotropic unstable linear normal modes are computed using an eigenvalue approach for daily latitudinal profiles of zonal flow in the upper-tropospheric layer of 100–350 hPa before and after formation of cyclonic vortices during January 1993 and November 2001 off the coast of northeast Brazil. The wave kinetic energy equation for u- and υ-motion is presented. Equations are derived to isolate the contribution of divergence and other dynamical processes in the movement and growth of unstable modes. Numerical accuracy and physical nature of unstable modes are tested. In a short span of 2–3 days, prior to formation of vortices, a progressive and a sharp intensification of the basic flow shear zone and its barotropic instability are seen with time. The horizontal structure, momentum transport, and zonal and meridional scales of the most unstable normalized wave are obtained and compared with the vortex extracted from the 200-hPa observed winds using a bandpass smoother. A close ...


Sustainable development, and the process of institutional transformation this requires, remains a considerable challenge for universities. Worldwide, only a few universities are to date confronting these challenges. Through its initiatives "Agenda 21 and the University of Luneburg" (1999-2001) and "Sustainable University – Sustainable Development in the Context of University Remits" (2004-2007), as well as through the UNESCO Chair of Higher Education for Sustainable Development, the University of Luneburg has been among the first European universities to view the institution as a whole and to attempt to initiate processes in all working areas which point the way towards the integration of sustainability into each of the different areas in which it is active.


Carbon films with flakelike geometry, exhibiting excellent electron field emission (EFE) properties were synthesized by a modified RF sputtering process, which used an Ar:CH4:H2 gas mixture, instead of a conventional Ar:H2 mixture. These films contain nanosized diamonds and allotropic phases (i-carbons and graphites) embedded in amorphous carbon films. The EFE process can be turned on at E0 = 4.83 V/µm, achieving an EFE current density of Je = 280 µA/cm2 at an 8 V/µm applied field. The EFE properties of these flakelike carbon films essentially do not change with processing parameters, indicating that these carbon films are more process-reliable and hence have better potential for application as electron field emitters.


Choline is an essential nutrient for fetal and neonatal development. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may change requirements of choline supply in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for preterms.


Based on the research background of shallow-ground metal detection under the environment with the interference of steeling structure,a metal detection method based on the transient electromagnetic method is studied. The test platform is built and verified by experiments. Firstly, the loos model of the coil system is established, and the transfer function with the excitation voltage source as the input signal and the induced voltage of the metal conductor as the output signal is derived. The system design of metal detection based on pulse electromagnetic induction is carried out, and a simple and feasible experimental platform is built according to the demand. Aiming at the signal processing problem of metal detection in a complex environment such as steel structure, a detection algorithm based on a hypersphere model and confidence interval is applied. Finally, the experimental verification is carried out. The results show that the designed system is feasible for metal detection, and the applied signal processing algorithm is effective although interfering by steeling structure inthe environment.


"Scientific truth", Marx wrote in a famous statement, "is always paradox, if judged by everyday experience, which catches only the delusive appearance of things" (Marx, 1899, 54). The idea of the production of nature is indeed paradoxical, to the point of sounding absurd, if judged by the superficial appearance of nature even in capitalist society. Nature is generally seen as precisely that which cannot be produced; it is an antithesis of human productive activity. It its most immediate appearance, the natural landscape presents itself to us as the material substratum of daily life, the realm of use-values [usefulness of something] rather than exchange-values [the value derived from the market sale of something]. As such it is highly differentiated along any number of axes. But with the progress of capital accumulation and the expansion of economic development, this material substratum is more and more the product of social production, and the dominant axes of differentiation are increasingly societal in origin. In short, when this immediate appearance of nature is placed in historical context, the development of the material landscape presents itself as a process of the production of nature. [...]


This paper develops and tests procedures for identifying lead analysts based on the timeliness of analyst forecast revisions, the trading levels associated with these revisions, and forecast accuracy. Our framework provides an objective assessment of analyst quality that differs from the standard approach that uses survey evidence to rate analysts. Using a sample of equity analysts, we find that lead analysts identified by our procedures have more price impact than follower analysts. Evidence also is presented that suggests analysts use recent stock price trends to help them modify forecast revisions, regardless of whether the analyst is a leader or a follower. Finally, we find that our ranking procedures based on timeliness, trading volume, and accuracy are consistent. That is, if analysts are selected as timeliness leaders, they also tend to be volume and accuracy leaders.


Zambia were found to be 13.1% for seeds collected early in the fruiting season and 8.9% in late season. There was no indication of reinfestations by bruchids. Seeds from dry cow dung were found to be intact (65%) or decayed (35%), suggesting that all bruchid-infested seeds were killed in the guts or in the cow dung. Untreated seeds from pods had very low germination (2%), but were almost all alive, as indicated by the high germination when scarified. Seeds from cow dung behaved similarly. Therefore, all seeds that were able to germinate at defecation had subsequently died in the dung. Seeds with visible bruchid exit holes had a high germination rate if collected early in the season, but were all dead later in the season. Pods kept under water did not sink for a week, and water-soaked seeds remained alive for up to 16 days, suggesting that water dispersal may locally play a role in the dispersal of A. albida seeds. Survival chances for cattle-dispersed and un-dispersed A. albida seeds were calculated from the proportions of intact and damaged seeds, death rates in cow dung, and germination rates obtained in this experiment, combined with estimates from other studies. Seed survival when dispersed by cattle seemed to be equal or lower than when


Background: Second-hand tobacco smoke is present in virtually all places where smoking takes place (at home, in the workplace, in bars, restaurants, public buildings, hospitals, public transport and educational institutions. objectives: To study the prevalence of second hand smoking among Iraqi adolescents ,to study some socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics of affected population Methodology: A school-based analytical cross-sectional study conducted in primary, and secondary schools in, Baghdad/ Iraq. Age range (6-18) both genders, males and females, the adequate sample size selected was 1650; using Multistage stratified random sample technique, with proportional allocation according to the number of schools selected, number of classes as well as age and gender stratifications. Results: the prevalence of Passive smoking among child and adolescent groups enrolled in the study was 34.2% higher at younger age groups 17.2% among age (6-9) and 11.2% among (10-13) and 5.7% among(14-17), the difference was statistically significant P < 0.01. females are more exposed than male(18.7, 14.4 ) respectively and P <0.04, Indoor exposure showed significantly higher than outdoor (26.6, 9.4) respectively and P value < 0.002, passive smoking was more among those who exposed more than 3 days per week in comparison with less than 3 days P vale <0.03. poor knowledge on second hand smoking (19.5%) compare to those who have good knowledge (4.1%) p<0.003 same for believe (attitude) as it is more prevalent with those who do not believe in passive smoking hazards (24.9%), P,0.001. compare to 9.2% among believe in passive smoking, step was logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors are the main predictors for passive smoking impact, age (OR 2.08 95%CI 1.48-2.93, gender OR 1.8 95%CI 1.21-2.87, place of exposure 2.75 95%CI 1.62-4.68, knowledge OR 8.8 95% CI 4.65-14.39. Conclusion: Second hand smoking is highly prevalent among children and adolescents segments of Iraqi population, exposure to passive smoking strongly linked with age, gender, place of exposure, duration of exposure, knowledge and attitude factors.


This paper provides theoretical and empirical evidence of the link between the use of tax haven subsidiaries by multinational enterprises (MNEs) and firm performance, as measured by total factor productivity. We find that the use of tax havens has no impact on economic dynamism for a sample of MNEs from across the OECD. Our results have significant policy implications in terms of the role of tax havens in the world economy.


Dendrobium is an orchid that many orchid lovers like. Efforts to increase the quantity of orchids in the growth phase can be done in several ways, namely through the regulation of fertilization and the use of appropriate planting media. Planting media from kadaka roots is the right media for the growth of orchid. The addition of nutrients N, P, and K together showed a significant increase in total biomass. In addition to fertilizers, growth regulators substances also affect growth. The plant hormone used in plant cultivation is the auxin hormone. One type of auxin hormone type is Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) which functions to stimulate root formation. This study aimed to study the effect of IBA concentration on the root growth of Dendrobium orchids grown on kadaka root media. Dendrobium orchids seedlings were selected beforehand, planted in kadaka roots, and treated twice a week. The treatment was carried out for two months using IBA concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 ml/L. The administration of IBA hormone on the growth of Dendrobium canaliculatum affects the number of new roots, leaf length, and plant height. IBA at 0.25 ml/L was the optimal concentration for the number of new roots. The number of new roots as an indicator of optimal orchid growth in response to IBA hormone administration.


Due to the pace of development and increasing complexity of production technologies, as well as with the increasing stress on the human psyche, the identification of personal characteristics plays an increasingly important role in the daily life of the country. As a result of long-term study of personality, the author created the theory of leading tеndencies as a theoretical approach in the psychology of individuality. Within the framework of this theory, the individual style of personality is manifested in the properties of temperament, continues in the character traits and creates a certain emotional and behavioral background of the formed socialized personality, that is, at the top level of its development. At the different levels of development (temperament, character, the personality) the structure of the personality is represented as manifestation polarity of the correlated opposite emotional characteristics interconnected with motivational orientation, style of interpersonal behavior and type of thinking. The becoming complicated structure of the opposed polar properties at all these levels contains the main style (individual) coloring that is the leading individual and personal tendency, which remains defining without watching the control of consciousness increasing to the highest level. In practice, personal characteristics are reflected in the quantitative indicators of the psychodiagnostic multidimensional model, which is built on survey data several mutually reinforcing and complementary techniques as verbal and projective (nonverbal). Methods of psychological diagnostics allows you to identify a holistic portrait of the individual and allows you to use the methods of mathematical analysis, which greatly increases the reliability and validity of the methods used. Digital indicators of the psychological automated expert system, consisting of a set of specially selected computerized programms, reflect a multidimensional psychodiagnostic model of personality based on the theory of leading tendencies.


Measuring individual preferences of savers have two main motivations: to reduce the share of non-observed heterogeneity in explaining households' wealth behaviors, and to construct more accurate tests of the theories of savings and portfolio choices. For France, we have constructed a unique data set, the PAT€R surveys (PATrimony and Preferences vis-a-vis Time and Risk), with the first survey made in 1998 by interview with Insee, and the following surveys conducted by Tns-Sofres via postal questionnaires: PAT€R-2002 focused on the transmission of preferences between parents and children; the three subsequent waves, PAT€R-2007-2009-2011, were conducted in May 2007 (before the crisis), June 2009 and November 2011, on more than 3600 households representative of the French population, with an important panel dimension - about 2000 households were interviewed at least twice, and nearly 1100 households were present in all three waves. Almost each survey replicates direct measures of risk attitudes as well as time preference found in the literature, such as the hypothetical lottery on income of Barsky et al. (1997), selfreported 0-to-10 scales concerning the willingness to take risks in various contexts (Dohmen et al., 2011), or even experimental measures. Yet these measures, based upon a limited number of questions, suffer from serious drawbacks that are analyzed in the paper. This is why we have developed an alternative method of scoring in order to measure three types of preferences, towards risk, time, and offspring (altruism) : synthetic and ordinal scores of preferences are derived from the responses given to a large number of (mainly) simple real-life questions covering different life domains of life (consumption, leisure, health, investments, work, retirement, family). No single question is satisfactory by itself, but the idea is that if a number of questions possess a common dimension, towards risk for instance, this dimension will be isolated by aggregating the replies, beyond framing effects, measurement errors, etc.: the score obtained will then show enough internal consistency, as measured by psychometric tests. Ultimately, the data will thus determine how many indicators - if any - should be introduced for each type of preference. On the five surveys, this scoring method has proved very consistent and robust. Derived from some 60 questions, one single score of preference towards risk was sufficient in each wave (with Cronbach's alpha near 0.7). As regards time depreciation, two scores were each time necessary, marking the contrast between the short term and impulsive choices ("short-term impatience") on the one hand, and the long term and more reasoned decisions "time preference" over the life cycle) on the other. One single score of altruism was retained. he contents of these four scores are very similar from one wave to the next, as well as their individual determinants, their individual correlation over time, the degree of correlation between scores, etc. Finally, the effect of these scores on the level and composition of wealth are similar across surveys, in line with theoretical predictions, and more significant than those obtained for alternate measures of preferences which suffer, moreover, from endogeneity biases.


The Growth Hormone (GH) continues to act lifelong: it has been described, in fact, an Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency (AGHD) syndrome, involving several organs and functions, whose clinical aspects greatly improve with the administration of human recombinant GH. The authors describe, evaluating the most recent data from the literature, the clinical picture, the pathophysiologic mechanisms, the diagnostic tools and the therapy of AGHD.


The metathesis of ethylene and 2-butene to propene is a 100%-carbon-efficient process for on-purpose production of this important building block of the chemical industry. Herein, we demonstrate that the activity...


Every single top-ten hit of the U.S. and U.K. during the 60's is documented. Month by month, year by year, each of the top five singles is listed for both countries, complete with a brief anecdote of how the song came about, and interesting bits about the composers and performers.


The Bessel beams have very singular properties. For example,the motion of Bessel beam is a non-diffracting beam,and the experimental measurements showed that Bessel beams have a group velocity greater than the light speed. A simple explanation for the superluminal motion is given by the interference of spherical wave fronts on the symmetry axis. And in 2006 the researchers show that,in contrary to the ordinary Bessel waves of real argument,the group velocities of imaginary argument modified Bessel waves are superluminal.


Syphilis and Other Treponematoses (Clinical and Therapy; Serology and Biological False Positive Phenomenon; Pathology and Experimental) The results in vitro do not always correlate efficacy in vivo and many experi- mental investigations have been con-fined to the study of a limited number of virus strains in only one or two cell-culture systems or animal hosts. This study describes a valuable comparison of six antiviral drugs tested against nine clinical isolates of HSV in three cell types. An elegant micromethod is described. Results showed marked variations between the susceptibilities of different HSV isolates to different drugs.


Objective:Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of Naproxen·β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound (Nap·β-CD) on experimental animals were studied.Methods:Rats or mice were randomly divided into control and experimental group.The methods of footpad swelling(rats),writhing (mice) and determining pain threshold value were adopted.Results: t -test,Nap·β-CD compared with Nap group:Nap·β-CD 25.0mg/kg,mice writhing number P0 05(30min) and rats pain threshold value P0 05(1.5h);Nap·β-CD 12.5 mg/kg,mice writhing number P0 05(30min) and rats pain threshold value P0 05(1.5h);Nap·β-CD 25.0mg/kg,volume of rats footpad swelling P0 01(1h).Conclusion:Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of Nap·β-CD were superior to Nap monomer.


Now multi-spectral images and panchromatic images are widely used in remote sensing. In this paper we proposed an algorithm using normalized correlation moment of coefficient characteristic values based on principal component analysis and wavelet transform. The basic idea of this algorithm is to transform the multi-spectral image into three principal components at first, then perform wavelet decomposition of the first component image and the panchromatic image separately. Using normalized correlation moment fusion formula to select the wavelet coefficient of high frequency component in different resolutions. Finally, by performing inverse PCA transform to get the fused image. We compared the fused image using this algorithm with the results of PCA, DWT and other familiar methods, computer simulation shows that the fused image using this algorithm obtain better results in terms of both preserving spectral information and improving spatial resolution of the original multi-spectral images than the others.


Abstract The assessment of crack growth rate in quasi-brittle materials is lately very often studied problem of fracture mechanics. This contribution is focused on comparison of fracture parameters obtained from two fracture tests with similar shape of specimen - the wedge splitting test and the compact tension test. Both tests are applied on cylindrical specimens made from cement based composite. Numerical simulations for both configurations are performed in software ATENA. The amount of fracture energy consumed during fracture process has been compared for particular configurations.


Driver assistance mechatronic systems are standard features of the modern car. This is particularly true of systems that use braking systems (ABS, ESC, etc.). Mechatronic systems directly related to steering mechanisms are very limited, as yet. They apply mainly to support the driver's effort (servo-type systems), and to stabilize the vehicle's trajectory (active steering systems, 4WS systems), in which powering and gearing are speed dependent. Full automation of driving includes, as of now, only the parking maneuver (Parc Assist System), which is implemented at a very low speed at quasi-static conditions. Full automation of road maneuvers at high speeds (when the car should be treated as a dynamical system) remains difficult and is still open. Automatic control of lane change is a key to automate more complex maneuvers (eg. avoiding, overtaking etc.). The subject of automation of lane change was undertaken by the authors in the research project on the control of the vehicle with suddenly appearing obstacle. The authors' model of a conceptual control system was presented at the Conference ESV'2015. The aim of extensive simulation studies was: testing of the controller operations, and evaluation of its sensitivity to changes of the vehicle and road parameters. This paper presents unpublished results of these studies. The lane change controller has a mixed structure. In the open-loop structure it works as a set-point signal generator which generates three variables (signals) determining the lane change maneuver: a set-point input signal of steering system angle, and two set-point output signals describing vehicle's motion. In the closed-loop structure it works as a steering signal corrector which corrects on-line (by two Kalman regulators) the steering system angle signal. The set-point signals, as well as regulators' algorithms are based on a simple reference model (simplified "bicycle model"). In simulation, the virtual object of control – the model of medium-duty truck is very detailed (MBS-type, 3D, nonlinear). This model had been verified experimentally. Due to the complexity of the vehicle motion model, a sensitivity analysis must be based on comparing results obtained from the simulation with nominal and changed models. In order to objectify the analysis, special integral indexes have been introduced. They use the signals from nominal and changed models. The results of simulation show that the proposed concept of the automatic control is good. The sensitivity study focuses on the variation of parameters that appear to be crucial for the correct operation of the control system. Bearing in mind the experience of drivers and researchers, difficult situations (slippery road, vehicle unloaded, high speed), as well as measurement errors are taken into account in the simulation investigations. The presented method of automatic control can be an attractive proposition for designers and researchers of active steering systems which enhance active safety of vehicles. The subject of the work is directly related to the subject of the session Enhancing Safety with Connected and Automated Vehicles.


Kansas State University (KSU) conducted a comprehensive study of the development of a set of prioritized, extreme-risk scenarios; the development of a set of feasible, practical, and implementable protective systems, and a report to summarize guidelines on the use of these protective systems to mitigate potential, extreme-risk situations that could occur during the transport of hazardous materials (hazmat) on our highway system. The present paper covers the methodology used to apply the Delphi technique with a state's panel to complete the first two objectives; and, in addition, an initial evaluation of the effectiveness of these protective systems. The research study was limited to materials spilled within the highway system. It focused on potential risks that would result in severe, long-term, permanent, irreparable, or catastrophic consequences, and existing technology and state-of-the-art knowledge for development of protective systems to mitigate these consequences. The protective systems within the scope of this study were systems constructed or physically incorporated into the highway system or modifications thereto. Language: en


Many economists agree that the best measure of consumer's surplus is the compensating Variation Consumer's surplus (CVCS). Howerver, Because the compensated demand function is not observable, there are problems in using this measure in emperical applications. There are ways around this limitations that work well under certain circumstances, However, until now there has been no solution that always works well. We introduce a sucessive approximations method of calculating compensating variation consumer's surplus using data from the ordinary demand curve. In doing so we numerically identify the compensated demand fuction over the price interval involved. This procedure can be made extremely 'small'. We also use our method to calculate CVCS for three applications in the literature where Marshallian surplus was reported.


Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is widely used by many industries these days such as militaries, agriculture, and surveillance. However, one of the main challenges of UAV is navigating through an environment where global positioning system (GPS) is being denied. The main purpose of this paper is to find a solution for UAV to be able to navigate in a GPS denied surrounding without affecting the drone flight performance. There are two ways to overcome these challenges such as using visual odometry (VO) or by using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). However, VO has a drawback because camera sensors require good lighting which will affect the performance of the UAV when it is navigating through a low light intensity environment. Hence, in this paper 2-D SLAM will be use as a solution to help UAV to navigate under a GPS-denied environment with the help of a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor which known as a LIDAR-based SLAM. This is because SLAM can help UAVs to localize itself and map the surrounding of the environment. The concept and idea of this paper will be fully simulated using MATLAB, where the drone navigation will be simulated in MATLAB to extract LIDAR data and to use the LIDAR data to carry out SLAM via pose graph optimization. Besides, the contribution to this research work has also identified that in pose graph optimization, the loop closure threshold and loop closure radius play an important role. The loop closure threshold can affect the accuracy of the trajectory of the drone and the accuracy of mapping the environment as compared to ground truth. On the other hand, the loop closure search radius can increase the processing speed of obtaining the data via pose graph optimization. The main contribution to this research work is shown that the processing speed can increase up to 45 % and the accuracy of the trajectory of the drone and the mapped surrounding is quite accurate as compared to ground truth.


Trajectory generation for redundant manipulators based on inverse kinematics (IK) still faces some restraints, as it lacks universal IK calculation or specific trajectory generation methods that are suitable for robots with arbitrary degrees of freedom. In this article, the IK-free trajectory generation for robot manipulators is formulated as a Markov decision process and implemented by a general method based on deep reinforcement learning. First, an extensively explored and evaluated actor-critic (E3AC) algorithm that can make diverse action explorations and comprehensive evaluations is designed to solve the trajectory generation problem. Second, a dual-memory structure with expert-guided policy learning strategy is proposed to further enhance the performance of the algorithm in the early training period by additional successful experiences and performing an increasingly unbiased data sampling. Third, a fuzzy feedback reward mechanism that can directly establish a mapping from the abundant state variables to the self-tuning reward is constructed, instead of puzzling out an explicit function to feature the complex relations among the control objects. Finally, the comparative experimental results show that, the proposed approach is more efficient in algorithm convergence and reward calculation, and is more qualified for complex tasks with strong randomness.


Abstract : The approach taken was to build a simulator of apparel manufacturing tool and to measure the impact that such a tool would have on actual operations. The simulator runs on top of a real-time system which continually monitors the progress of operations on the shop-floor. The real-time system collects a wide variety of information as it tracks bundles of both making progress from workstation to workstation. The real time systems monitors and reports on information such as operator efficiencies, start and stop times of operations on each bundle. the amount of work produced by each operator, which operator is assigned to each workstation, and the status of each bundle, cut and order.


The invention discloses an epoxy powder coating suitable for low-temperature coating. The epoxy powder coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50-70 percent of a modified epoxy resin blend system, 15-20 percent of a phenol linear low-temperature curing agent with a symmetrical dibenzene cyclic structure, 10-20 percent of a modified filler, 2-5 percent of titanium pigment, 3-5 percent of a nano-filler and an appropriate quantity of auxiliary materials. High-activity reaction groups of different activities are introduced into the epoxy powder coating suitable for low-temperature coating, so that a three-stage deep addition reaction is realized, coating crosslinking density is increased, and the electrochemical resistance of a coating layer is enhanced; meanwhile, the phenol linear low-temperature curing agent with the symmetrical dibenzene cyclic structure is adopted, so that reaction activity is increased, and the compactness and flexibility of the coating layer are enhanced; moreover, an inorganic pigment and an inorganic filler subjected to chemical modification are adopted, so that the adhesion and bonding strength of the coating layer are increased; and a part of the nano-filler is adopted, so that the compactness and penetration resistance of the costing layer are enhanced.


The most familiar scene in Western American lore is the gunfight: two men slowly walk toward each other, ready to test speed, accuracy, and nerve in a duel to the death. Writers of the American West have long written this scene--sometimes to the point of tired formula. From hundreds of such stories, James C. Work has collected thirteen that feature unique and surprising treatments.Spanning a century, the stories in "Gunfight!" prove the popularity, vigor, and variety of the form. These stories demonstrate ingenuity and creativity. The writers use the gunfight to explore numerous motives and complex personalities and situations. Three of the stories were made into films, one the basis for "High Noon." Two stories are based on historical episodes, and two are as modern as modems. Each story is preceded by a biographical sketch of the author and followed by a brief commentary on the work and its relation to the genre.


The idea of this article appeared after teaching the discipline of Research in Childhood and in the early years, where I saw the difficulty that students have to build their design from childhood, because their concepts permeat the problems of our children, so glaring in the current context. The beauty, joy, detachment, naive for Children are being overshadowed by social and family neglect, abuse, violence of any order, excluding the children to live with dignity, being impeded in their fundamental rights. The discussions in this regard and the result obtained in the final text of the students beacon me not only to speak of this experience and through the words of scholarly rescue ideas that should in fact, represent the children, raising the readers are parents or teachers, for a look more careful with our children


Some long-chain primary, secondary, and tertiary amines were applied to the extraction and separation of zirconium and hafnium from solutions containing various concentrations of hydrochloric acid. The effect of temperature on extraction and separation factor was also investigated. Extraction is lower at lower temperatures but the separation factor is higher. Almost all the investigated products gave a good extraction of the two clements (zirconium is preferentially extracted) and some of them also significant separation factors. (auth)


The possibility of including high-speed routes in the modernisation of Austria's rail system is discussed. The main east-west route through Austria passes through a number of large conurbations and here high- speed trains will benefit both domestic and international traffic. Priority has been given to upgrading the Vienna-Salzburg line to take trains at up to 200km/h by the year 2000. A new south-east Austrian line planned will be built for speeds of up to 250km/h but is expected to carry mostly freight. Other north-south links are not expected to take high-speed trains due to low numbers of passengers and difficult terrain. It is planned here to improve services and add second tracks for increased capacity. Plans to build a Brenner base tunnel and bypass around Innsbruck are also outlined. This paper was presented at the EURAILSPEED 92 conference held in Brussels, April 27-29, 1992. For the covering abstract see IRRD 853180.


The project aims to look at and record the evolution of mixed marriage in Townsville over the last 150 years as well as the history of war brides who settled in the area. It investigates the role that mixed marriages played (and continue to play) in shaping a harmonious and prosperous community and highlights the role of multiculturalism in the continued economic, social and cultural growth and diversity in Townsville.

This report is now part of the Local History Collection of CityLibraries Townsville. The project was accompanied by an exhibition of 22 interpretive panels on the 150 years of mixed marriages and war brides in Townsville. The panels were exhibited at the Thuringowa, Aitkenvale and Flinders street CityLibraries, and at JCU Mabo Library between 21 September - 15 November 2016.


The basis of individuation education in the United States is the individualism, pragmatism, and the thoughts of survival and development in the United States. Such characteristics is to pay great attention to the children's individuality development in education.It emphasizes the children's expressive force, go-aheadism, creativity, attitude of asking, challenging authoritis,along with a lot of abilities about activity and intercommunication,which stresses the different emphases in the another phases. such individuation education reflects the fact of society and education development in the United States


Aspect of the disclosure is provided to efficiently allocate resources to the project in the schedule under the time, resources, and budget constraints. In some embodiments, a method is provided. Access a variable for determining an efficient allocation of resources in the scheduling said method including the set of project-dependent value that indicates whether to be completed as a requirement for any project is complete, another project at a plurality of projects in a plurality of projects, It can include. The method also based on the set of project-dependent value, determining a dependent path indicating the order of the project is complete, the project in the slave path may start to completion all previous project in the dependent route no, determining the dependent route; And based on the path-dependent, and may include the step of determining the effective selection of projects to be completed in sipyeong in maximizing limited, optimization goals by pacing.


The tensile properties and tensile fracture of the second generation single crystal superalloy DD6 with , and orientation were studied.The results show that DD6 alloy has tensile anisotropy,when temperature is higher than 850℃ the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of DD6 alloy with orientation are higher than those with and orientation,and there are the fracture features characteristic of quasi-cleavage and dimple in DD6 alloy with , and orientation.


Abstract : The mission of the Occupation and Manpower Research Division of the Air Force Human Resources Laboratory supports work force development, evaluation and utilization through studies on: Methods for collecting, analyzing, and retrieving occupational information; structuring work into jobs, specialties, career ladders and broader management categories; establishing grade, pay, training, education, experience and other job requirements; organizational and management analyses; measuring worker experience, performance, potential, and satisfaction; task-oriented criterion development; establishing career programs and reassignment systems. This bibliography has been compiled by chronological year, and within the year, using the American Psychological Association guidelines for references. This bibliography includes reports accomplished by the Occupation and Manpower Research Division (OR), except for any reports in editorial review or processing. On 1 October 1979, the OR Division was integrated with the Personnel Research Division to form the Manpower and Personnel Division.


The late discovery of an additional body belonging to the solar system, by Dr. Olbers, having been communicated to me the 20th of April, an event of such consequence engaged my immediate attention. In the evening of the same day I tried to discover its situation by the information I had obtained of its motion; but the brightness of the moon, which was near the full, and at no great distance from the object for which I looked, would not permit a star of even the 5th magnitude to be seen, and it was not till the 24th that a tolerable view could be obtained of that space of the heavens in which our new wanderer was pursuing its hitherto unknown path. As soon as I found that small stars might be perceived, I made several delineations of certain telescopic constellations, the first of which was as represented in figure 1, and I fixed upon the star A, as most likely, from its expected situation and brightness, to be the one I was looking for. The stars in this figure, as well as in all the other delineations I had made, were carefully examined with several magnifying powers, that in case any one of them should hereafter appear to have been the lately discovered object, I might not lose the opportunity of an early acquaintance with its condition. An observation of the star marked A, in particular, was made with a very distinct magnifying power of 460, and says, that it had nothing in its appearance that differed from what we see in other stars of the same size; indeed Dr. Olbers, by mentioning in the communication which I received, that with such magnifying powers as he could use it was not to be distinguished from a fixed star, had already prepared me to expect the newly discovered heavenly body to be a valuable addition to our increasing catalogue of asteroids.


Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesised by using the Arial part extract of Dorema ammoniacum D. and characterised by employing UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were applied to investigate the morphological structure of the bio-synthesised SNPs. The antimicrobial activity of SNPs was studied against Gram positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria by employing the disk diffusion agar process. An extremely antimicrobial effect was observed for SNPs. Utilising D. ammoniacum D. as a mediator for the synthesis of SNPs helped to save time and cost.


With the rapid development of industry, vibration equipment has become one of the most widely used components for industrial systems. Utilizing vibration sensing and recognition is an effective way to diagnose and understand the working condition of these systems. However, the performance of traditional video/laser-based vibration sensing and recognition solutions varies significantly under different lighting conditions, while the invasive approaches need to directly mounting dedicated sensors to the target, which might pose a threat to its operating safety. To tackle this issue, we propose RF-Vsensing, an RFID-based contactless vibration sensing and recognition method without attaching anything to the target device. Unlike existing methods, RF-Vsensing can realize highly accurate non-contact vibration sensing and recognition using commercial off-the-shelf RFID devices. The evaluation results show that the average accuracy of vibration can reach 96.07% and the average recognition accuracy of clockwise and anticlockwise can reach 99.44%.


Innovation in high-performance semiconducting polymers have led to a 10-fold increase in the efficiency of polymer based solar cells. However, the record efficiency reported is often less than one-third of the thermodynamic limit anticipated for these newly developed polymers. Remarkably, almost half of this efficiency gap could be attributed to the voltage loss at the donor-acceptor heterojunction (HJ). In this work, it is demonstrated that poor charge collection caused by defect induced electric field screening is a significant bottleneck for the high efficiency HJ-free device design. Our results imply that low JSC in HJ-free devices has been misattributed to exciton bottleneck, rather than defect screening. The results suggest synthesis of new polymers with high purity with the reassessment of the prospects of HJ-free polymer-only device design.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between knowledge sharing (KS) and innovative performance (IP) through the mediating effect of employee creativity (EC) in the manufacturing industries operating in Gujrat, Pakistan. KS among employees and its resultant IP is considered as a basic challenge faced by the manufacturing industries in Pakistan. The main motivation of the current study is to research this significant however neglected segment of the economy.

Design/methodology/approach
This quantitative study used deductive approach. Social exchange theory and resource-based view framework were used to predict relationships between EC, KS and IP. Data were collected through five-point Likert scale questionnaire from 158 managers including engineers and operational staff selected through convenient sampling. Regression analysis was performed using the Andrew Hayes Process macros in SPSS.

Findings
The results showed that there is a positive and significant effect of the KS on IP. Moreover, the mediation analysis showed that EC positively mediate the relationship between KS and IP.

Research limitations/implications
The study target population is limited the single city where most of industries are located. This can be extended to other industrial areas of the country to increase reliability of the results.

Practical implications
The study holds a significant contribution to the understanding of the link between KS and IP by emphasizing the role of stimulating EC in organizations.

Originality/value
It was identified in the literature that there is a lack of studies in this context as current conceptual model has not been studied before in the context of emerging economies at large and very few studies conducted in case of developed countries with totally different institutional setup. To put forward the study by Lee (2018), this is the first study that investigates the mediation of creativity between KS and IP in emerging markets manufacturing industry.


Foodborne Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection is feared because a small percentage of infected people will develop serious microvascular complications, most commonly hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). To identify factors that might predict HUS early in the course of infection, Scottish researchers probed data from a 1996 outbreak that was characterized by unusually high …


A plat map shows a portion of a new Oklahoma oil field, and tabulated data give the history of 5 mapped wells. A procedure for calculating lease drainage is given, based on solutions of the diffusivity equation. This equation describes the flow of a homogeneous compressible liquid in a homogeneous reservoir of uniform thickness. R.E. Collins (''Fluid Migration Across Fixed Boundaries in Reservoirs Producing by Fluid Expansion,'' TRANS. AIME v. 216, pp 78-84, 1959) develops a method for estimating lease drainage of oil reservoirs for conditions above the bubble point, where it can be assumed that only a single mobile phase exists. The method also applies for conditions slightly below the bubble point, if the effective oil- compressibility factors are adjusted for the presence of gas saturation. In the sample problem, it is assumed that the bubble point is not reached; reservoir rock and fluid properties are assumed to be constant and the same for all wells.


A localization system for indoor mobile robots using ultrasonic net is presented in this paper. In positioning process, a triangle localization algorithm and an averaging filter method are introduced. After constructing an experimental platform and ultrasonic net, static and dynamic experiments are performed to acquire the accuracy of localization system. Then, positioning experiments for a moving robot are implemented with four different speeds. Integrated with all experiments, causes of positioning error are analyzed. As a result, the system is stable, reliable and easy to realize. It can meet the general requirement of localization for indoor mobile robots.


PURPOSE
Identification of risk factors for mortality in subclavian-pulmonary anastomosis using polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE).

PATIENT AND METHODS
Immediate surgical results (30 days) were analyzed in 180 cyanotic patients consecutively operated on from september 1979 to march 1989.

RESULTS
The hospital mortality was 12.7% (23 patients) and age at surgery, low weight (less than 3 kg) and preoperative diagnosis were considered risk factors for mortality. Pulmonary artery diameter at echocardiography, date of surgery and diameter of the conduits were associated with increased risk, but this association lacked statistical significance. Sex and previous palliative surgery have not increased hospital mortality.

CONCLUSION
We believe that identification of risk factors to PTFE conduit implant plays an important role in the preoperative management of those patients in order to obtain better results in this life saving procedure.


This paper propose a guide for the support of the geographic information systems in PostgreSQL servers in Ubuntu, in it are detailed the steps for facilitat...


Dissociation and desorption of physisorbed on a transparent fused quartz surface halogenomethane molecules induced by their absorption of UV excimer laser radiation have been investigated. The desorption has occurred to be a nonlinear photoprocess. It required from 5 to 7 UV photons, which were not absorbed simultaneously. A desorption mechanism based on excitation of adsorption bond in course of several cycles of one-photon absorption followed by electron-vibrational relaxation has been proposed. Then the one-photon absorption spectra of these adsorbed molecules should be spread to much longer wavelengths compared with that of the gaseous species. A one-photon dissociation has taken place only for halogenomethane molecules that could be photolyzed by such excimer lasers in gaseous phase. A multiple photon dissociation of some molecules has been observed as a result of direct multiphoton absorption, successive fragmentation or photolysis of vibrationally photoexcited species.


There is considerable debate concerning the fate of populations of noctuid moths, founded during the summer, by migrants moving considerable distances northward of areas where permanent populations persist. This paper compares the female calling behavior of moth species that maintain permanent populations in Canada with those that are known immigrants. Residents initiate calling soon after emergence, regardless of climatic conditions, while the mean age of calling for immigrant species is variable, even under favorable conditions. Furthermore the onset of calling by immigrants is strongly influenced by prevailing temperature and photoperiodic conditions during adult life. These differences may only be of importance for the northward spring dispersal, but as fall conditions induce a delay in the onset of calling of known immigrants it is proposed that this could potentially permit a southerly, upper air migration to suitable overwintering sites.


Personal Hygiene is an effort made by individuals in maintaining personal hygiene to avoid disease. Personal Hygiene is closely related to typhoid fever, because its transmission can be through food and drinks which are contaminated with Salmonella typhi. WHO and UNICEF on 2015 ranked Indonesia as the second worst sanitation country in the world after India. One of the laboratory tests which is used to observe anemia levels and polycythaemia is hemoglobin degree. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between personal hygiene and hemoglobin levels on typhoid fever suspect  patients at Lirboyo General Hospital. The research method used analytic survey with Cross Sectional Study approach and purposive sampling used as the sampling technique with 38 respondents. The results of the study mostly have worst personal hygiene quality of 31 people (81.6%) while respondents have good personal hygiene quality of 7 people (18.4%) and the of hemoglobin category on patients stated normal in 29 people (76.3%) while patients who have abnormal hemoglobin category in 9 people (23.7%). Based on statistical tests on personal hygiene by hemoglobin showed 0.876 p-value and > 0.05 sig value Conclusion which indicated no correlation between personal hygiene and hemoglobin on typhoid fever suspect at Lirboyo General Hospital.


In the United States, immigrants and immigration policy are complex and multi-faceted, with persons of different legal status, visa categories, and national origins. Despite this complexity, media coverage and Congressional debate has focused inordinately on the issue of undocumented (or illegal) immigration. Even with the topic of illegal migration, there is vigorous debate among advocates over whether the term undocumented or illegal favors one side over the other. In this paper, we rely on survey experiments to determine if the American electorate makes meaningful distinctions between legal and illegal immigration when it comes to attitudes and opinions on policy. Importantly, we also test for whether the public makes any distinctions between family visa and work visa holders among legal immigrants, and between those who are labeled as undocumented or unauthorized, as opposed to illegal.


Abstract The money creation and monetary policy chapters in the leading introductory textbooks commonly present an outdated and misleading approach that is now largely irrelevant. A preferable model would help students understand that money and monetary policy are about bank and household motives, the importance of capital, and the role of credit. An updated approach would move beyond the current orthodoxy, which assumes both that the mechanical base-multiplier explains monetary policy and the quantity theory explains inflation. Monetary policy has evolved dramatically in the last 40 years. Therefore, textbook authors and teachers of introductory macroeconomics might consider some of these suggestions to help explain recent events.


The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the market potential of producer services in Jonkoping County. In relation to the main purpose, the idea is to examine which factors that have a positiv ...