The objective of this study is to examine the relations between the simple superposed strength and generalized superposed strength of CFT cross sections subjected to axial load and flexural moment, regarding the allowable stress design. In addition to the simple superposed strength, the equations to calculate the generalized superposed strength is presented. The comparison was carried out taking the width (diameter) -to-thickness ratio and strengths of materials as the analytical parameters. It is shown that the differences between two superposed strengths appear in low axial load level, and evaluation equations for maximum difference are presented. The objective of this study is to examine the relations between the simple superposed strength and generalized superposed strength of CFT cross sections subjected to axial load and flexural moment, regarding the allowable stress design. In addition to the simple superposed strength, the equations to calculate the generalized superposed strength is presented. The comparison was carried out taking the width (diameter) -to-thickness ratio and strengths of materials as the analytical parameters. It is shown that the differences between two superposed strengths appear in low axial load level, and evaluation equations for maximum difference are presented.


Three-dimensional compressible direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of freely propagating statistically planar turbulent premixed flames have been used to assess the accuracy of the isotropy- derived correction factors, which relate the two-dimensional projections of the different terms of the Reynolds averaged flame-surface density (FSD) transport equation with their corresponding actual three-dimensional counterparts for different values of Karlovitz number Ka, Lewis number Le, heat release parameter τ, and turbulent Reynolds number Ret. It is shown that the isotropic distribution of the surface area weighted probability density function (pdf) of the angle φ between the normal vectors on the measurement plane and on the flame surface provides a simple algebraic relation between the generalised FSDs evaluated in two and three dimensions (i.e., Σ2D and Σ3D), irrespective of the values of Ka,τ,Le, and Ret. Isotropic relations between two-dimensional and three-dimensional counterparts of the surface-avera...


2-Acetylbenzofuran on condensation with furan-2-carboxaldehyde and pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde in methanolic KOH solution yielded the corresponding benzofuran chalcones. These two compounds and nine benzofuran chalcones were synthesized before, were further reacted with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol which led to the formation of 2-pyrazoline derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nine chalcone-type compounds and eleven 2-pyrazolines were evaluated for their biological activities against the six bacteria and the three yeast and it was seen that thirteen compounds showed activity. Four of them are chalcone-type compounds showed more or less activity.


The term of "ethos" which first used in works of the eighth to fifth centuries B.C, as habit, nature, character and deceptive character, is also found in the opinions of philosophers of that time, special in Heraclitus. But the meaning of ethos in Heraclitus, has always been a point of contention for researchers, particular in B119. By analyze its key terms, namely, ethos and daimon, we will find that "daimon" means as "the highest level of human Being", and "ethos" as "divine nature"; the nature that relates daimon, wisdom and logos. In Heraclitus opinion, in spite of the great difference between the dignity of ethos and daimon in following wisdom, which is virtue and also a part of the logos system, it is possible for man to ascend to the daimon stage on a worldly level; but the attainment of the perfect divine nature in the world is impossible.


This paper presents the comprise of the air brake system for type HXD1 high-power AC electric locomotive,and expatiates the working principle diagram and main parts for its air supply system and brake control system.


Raeder paratrigeminal syndrome (painful Horner syndrome with trigeminal nerve involvement) is a poorly recognized complication of multiple disorders including carotid aneurysm, cancer, herpes zoster, maxillary sinusitis, and chronic otitis media. Although brain MRI has revealed carotid artery narrowing,1 dissection,2,3 and aneurysm,4 Raeder syndrome produced by inflammatory disease surrounding the carotid artery has not been verified by brain imaging until now.


Although the ambiguity function of Beidou signal is roughly shaped like a pin, there still exists some sidelobes, which would inevitably reduce target detection performance of passive radar to a certain extent. However, this feature has been ignored in the existing literatures. In this paper, the signal characteristics of Beidou passive radar are analyzed, and a simultaneous range domain and Doppler domain window adding technique is proposed, which can reduce the sidelobes effectively and improve conventional target detection performance over 3 dB. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Deep modulation recognition has demonstrated high classification accuracy when a neural network is trained on large-scale datasets. However, when applied in an unknown environment where there are not any ground-truth labels in collected data, its performance can be significantly degraded. In this paper, we propose incorporating an adversarial discriminative neural network to adapt the deep modulation recognition to an unknown environment. Results show that, when the neural network is trained under an AWGN channel but applied under a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel, the adversarial network based domain adaptation can achieve comparable performance with that of the network trained with sufficiently large labeled data.


Birth weight is the impact of maternal health conditions during pregnancy and is still a world health problem especially in developing countries. This study aims to determine the relationship of physical activity in pregnant women and birth weight. This research was conducted in Jeneponto Regency. The type of research used was observational by using prospective cohort design. The sample were 102 pregnant women who had intervened with flour capsules, Moringa leaf extract, and folic acid-iron capsule for three months. It was done through Purposive Sampling Technique. Data were collected using a physical activity questionnaire from IPAQ and infant weight scales. Data analysis was done by using univariate and bivariate analysis. In this study showed that the majority of respondents were 20-35 years old (78%), education level of primary school (27%), as housewife and farmer (58.8% and 25.5%) and low monthly income (70.6%). In bivariate analysis, it showed that there was no correlation between physical activity and infant birth weight (p = 0.561). Based on the intervention, it has been shown that there is also no relationship between physical activity with birth weight ( p value = 0.391, 0.840 and 0.644, respectively). After controlled the stress level, there was a significant difference between mild stress with mild activity and severe stress with severe activity (p = 0.034). It was concluded that the association of physical activity with birth weight was exacerbated by the incidence of stress.


Plasmodium mexicanum oocysts developed on the stomach wall of Lutzomyia vexatrix occidentis. Pigment was visible in the oocysts until obscured by sporulation. Sporoblasts formed as islands in the oocyst. Sporozoites were routinely obtained from the hemocoel and produced infection in laboratoryreared lizards. In one laboratory-infected lizard, peak schizogony occurred in the late evening at a 4to 5-day interval. This article describes the sporogony of Plasmodium mexicanum and the experimental transfer of infection to laboratory-reared lizards with sporozoites from Lutzomyia vexatrix occidentis (Fig. 1). Phlebotomine sandflies are apparently the natural vectors of lizard malaria in California. The three known species of California sandflies breed in ground squirrel burrows and feed on a variety of cold-blooded vertebrates (Chaniotis and Anderson, 1968). Western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, commonly use the rodent burrows as refuges. Lizards in areas where sandflies occur are frequently infected with malaria (Ayala, 1970a; Jordan, 1970). The complete extrinsic cycle of P. mexicanum was followed in two species of sandflies: L. v. occidentis and L. stewarti (Ayala and Lee, 1970). MATERIALS AND METHODS The difficulty and effort required to raise sandflies in the laboratory has been cited by numerous workers (e.g., Hertig, 1964). Only wild L. v. occidentis were used in these studies. They were collected from the Twin Sisters Recreation Ranch, Solano County, where surveys indicated that lizard malaria did not occur (Ayala, 1970b). Collection methods using battery-powered light traps and burrow funnel traps were described by Chaniotis and Anderson (1968). In the laboratory, the sandflies were lightly anesthetized with carbon dioxide and transferred to wooden boxes containing clay pots of water covered with fine-mesh cloth screen. The flies were maintained at room temperature (24 to 26 C) or in chambers under controlled temperature and Received for publication 5 November 1970. *Current address: Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Valle, Apartado aereo 2188, Call, Colombia, South America. humidity. Good survival was obtained only when the humidity was kept above 75%. Lizards were confined in small wire containers or cricket cages and placed with the flies. After feeding, female sandflies were kept in plastic tubes with a cloth screen top and a bottom layer of plaster of paris. The plaster was kept moist by placing the tubes in shallow trays of water. Rinsing the vials beforehand with Mycostatin? (Squibb & Sons, New York) helped control fungus growth. Fresh strawberries or raisins were placed on the screen top for a food source; if they became moldy they were easily removed without excessively contaminating the tubes. For examination, an insect was dipped in a dilute detergent solution, rinsed, and dissected in sterile cold-blooded Ringer's solution. The intestine was removed posteriorly from the abdomen as described by Chaniotis and Anderson (1968), or anteriorly by severing the terminal abdominal segments and pulling on the head with a fine dissecting needle. After examination under a compound microscope, the entire midgut and sporozoites in the surrounding fluid were taken up in a syringe and inoculated intraperitoneally into experimental lizard hosts. Hatchling lizards were raised from eggs in the laboratory using a modification of the incubation technique described by Zweifel (1961). The eggs were collected shortly after they were laid since thin-shelled reptile eggs soon desiccate in a dry terrarium. They were placed on the surface of a mixture of sterile sand and moist wood shavings in a closed plastic bag. Little further care was required. A light was occasionally directed toward the bag to increase the temperature (otherwise kept at room temperature). The hatchlings emerged 28 to 34 days later and were fed small mcalworms, fruit flies, and termites. Wild yearling lizards were collected on the northern abutment of the Golden Gate Bridge, where sandflies were not found and were assumed not to occur because of the severe terrain. No malaria was found in 24 adult lizards examined from the same site. Donor lizards came from Stark Creek in Riverside County and Calaveras reservoir in Santa Clara County. Lizards were kept in long tin cages (100 by 8 by 40 cm) with a 100-watt light bulb at one end providing a


These two short personal essays were written in response to anticipating the death of my mother in 2004. Living Art is written from New York City while working on my dissertation and Clipping Hair is written from Iowa on a short visit in the year and a half before her death. Juxtaposed together, the differing sensations of anticipatory grief, looking at Francis Bacon's artwork, paintings of distorted bodies, and the fragile sensing dying body, flow into and overlap one another. In retrospect, it is possible to see that each presents a different aesthetic—one of lush grieving and another of a more stark, contained angst. Yet, both meditations center on bodies and the sensations and emotions that figure in grief and illness. They may be read vertically, one at a time, in fragments horizontally, or simultaneously.


Reducing pain is one of the main health priorities for children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA); however, some studies indicate that pain is not routinely assessed in this patient group. The aim of this study was to explore health care professionals' (HCPs) beliefs about the role of pain and the prioritization of its assessment in children and young people with JIA.


these patients showed decreased (> 10% difference in OD value as compared with the first serum sample), 1 increased and 3 unchanged sIL-2R levels. In the remaining patients no judgement could be made because of continuous treatment in 3 patients and a serum sample taken several years after treatment in one patient. In 3 out of 4 patients with elevated sIL-2R levels at the first sampling occasion, consecutive samples showed remaining high sIL-2R levels. In a study by Hartung et aF comparing serum IL-2 levels in Guillain-Barre syndrome and other neurological diseases, patients with IgM M-component associated demyelinating PN (n = 6) did not have elevated IL-2 levels. However, their patient material was limited, and IL-2 has a rapid turnover making detection of transient elevated IL-2 levels difficult. In an in vitro studyt it was shown that Bcells from a patient with neuropathy and anti-MAG IgM M-protein were stimulated by pokeweed mitogen activated T-helper cells, and also partially by T-cells in the absence of pokeweed mitogen. T-cells might thus act as regulators of B-cell activation and secretion of immunoglobulins reacting with myelin components. Our findings of activated T-cells in some patients may be due to the action of such regulatory T-cells. We found no statistically significant correlation between serum sIL-2R levels and amount of anti-MAG IgM antibodies. Some of the blood samples, however, were taken at different occasions for analysis of sIL-2R concentration and levels of antiMAG IgM antibodies. A substantial number of PN patients, however, had normal sIL-2R levels, arguing for mechanisms other than activated T-cells in the pathogenesis of PN. Also some Mcomponent patients without PN showed signs of T-cell activation, possibly in response to antigens other than peripheral nerve myelin. The 7 patients with M-component associated PN and elevated sIL-2R levels did not differ from the 12 patients with M-component associated PN with normal sIL-2R levels regarding disease activity or duration of disease. Factors other than activation of autoreactive (or immunoregulating) T-cells, for example, viral infection, might have been responsible for the elevated levels of sIL-2R in this study. However, no signs or symptoms of infection were noted in our patients. Furthermnore, repeated blood samples on different occasions showed persistently elevated sIL-2R levels in three out of four tested patients. M VRETHEM Department ofNeurology* T SKOGH J ERNERUDH* Department of Transftaion Medicine and Clinical Immunology University Hospital, Link6ping B EKSTEDT Department ofNeurology, Orebro Hospital, Orebro


A pasted nickel electrode using high density spherical nickel hydroxide powder as the main active material was prepared.The influences of various additives such as cobalt,zinc,barium and calcium on the electrode performances such as utilization of Ni(OH) 2,high rate discharge ability,discharge potential,swelling and potential of oxygen evolution were discussed.The addition of CoO is beneficial for increasing the utilization of Ni(OH) 2 and the reversibility between the oxidation and reduction states,as well as improvement of the high rate discharge ability.A higher discharge potential and the difference between the oxygen evolving potential and the oxidation peak potential (DOP) are obtained with the addition of ZnO,Ca(OH) 2 or Ba(OH) 2.Adding several percent of CoO and ZnO or Ba(OH) 2 in a pasted nickel electrode is effective for suppressing the formation of γ NiOOH by over charging,which causes the electrode swelling.


A combined experimental and quantum-chemical study of a series of homometallic metallaheteroboranes [(Cp*M) 2 E 6 B 2 H 2 ] (M = Rh or RuH; E = S or Se; Cp* = η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ), which are analogues of 1,3-bishomocubane, is reported. The thermolysis of nido-[(Cp*Rh) 2 B 3 H 7 ] (1) in the presence of S or Se powder in toluene yielded bishomocubane clusters [(Cp*Rh) 2 (μ-E) 2 (μ 3 -E) 4 B 2 H 2 ], (3: E = S; 4: E = Se). In a similar fashion, the treatment of nido-[(Cp*RuH) 2 B 3 H 7 ] (2) with S or Se powder in p-xylene yielded [(Cp*Ru) 2 (μ-E) 2 (μ 3 -E) 4 B 2 H 2 ] (5: E = S; 6: E = Se) and [(Cp*Ru) 2 (μ 3 -Se)(μ 4 -Se)B 3 H 5 ] (7). One of the noteworthy features of 3–6 is the presence of an electron-precise trichalcogenoborato ligand. All of the compounds have been characterized by mass spectrometry; IR spectroscopy; and 1 H, 11 B, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The structures of 3, 4, 6, and 7 were established unequivocally by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Quantum-chemical calculations by DFT methods for 3, 4, and 6 showed reasonable agreement with the experimentally observed structural parameters. The large HOMO–LUMO gaps are consistent with the high stabilities of these complexes.


In the article one of forms of the communicative process (clienteles relations) is analyzed. This article constructs the scheme of research as the interaction between two subjects the Sociologist and the Client. The article gives recommendations for increase of efficiency of interaction of the customer and the Sociologist.


This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of sales growth, firm debt, liquidity and firm size on financial performance. The sample used in this study is a manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2017-2019, and obtained as many as 82 data. This study uses purposive sampling and uses Eviews 12 in processing the data. The results showed that firm debt has a negative and significant effect on financial performance. While sales growth, liquidity and firm size has insignificant effect on financial performance, and has a positive and insignificant effect on financial performance The implication of this research is that a company requires high quality management so as to assist the company in improving its financial performance so that the company can compete and maintain its sustainability.


Purpose: The study was done to define complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among primary brain tumor patients and factors influencing use. Methods: The study was conducted with convenience sampling in 5 neuro-oncology centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected using a 25-item questionnaire developed by the researchers. Results: Of 250 patients approached, 231 (92.4%) agreed to participate. Overall, 26.8% of the respondents used CAM and the average cost for CAM use was 300,000 KRW. More than 72% of CAM users did not disclose CAM use to their health care professionals. The most frequently used therapy was natural products including mushrooms. Logistic regression analysis revealed that an education level of university or higher (OR


Pectin was extracted from orange peel using tartaric acid aqueous as extraction system.The best technical conditions were obtained through orthogonal experiment,as follows:weight ratio of tartaric acid aqueous solution and orange peel was 25:1,pH of extraction solution was 1.5,extraction temperature was 90 ℃,and extraction time was 90 min.Under the best conditions,the average yield rate of pectin was up to 17.08 %.


The invention discloses a method for testing the static holding torque of a stepping motor, and the method comprises the steps: connecting a power line of the stepping motor to a power supply; enabling a torque wrench capable of reading data to be connected with one end of a rotating shaft, and measuring the maximum torsional force of the rotating shaft of the stepping motor through the torque wrench before step out. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the method can quickly and accurately test the static holding torque of the stepping motor, and directly reflects the performance of the stepping motor.


The Electrochemical Machining process (ECM) can be applied for shaping advanced conductive materials which are difficult or impossible for machining using conventional methods. In electrochemical machining the workpiece is an anode and material is removed as a result of electrochemical reactions. This mechanism of material removal makes it possible to obtain high metal removal rate and good surface layer quality when machining parts made of super-alloys, alloys, steels and some composite materials on metallic base. The very important but difficult problem is ECM process mathematical modeling because the phenomena occurring into interelectrode gap are very complicated. In order to simplify the mathematical modeling it is necessary to introduce some modification of the ECM sinking process by: application of pulse voltage (Pulse ECM) often correlated with electrodes vibration, ECM machining with universal electrodes. The other important directions of ECM process development are: manufacturing processes by electrochemical deposition and some hybrid processes as electrochemical-electrodischare or electrochemical grinding machining.The Electrochemical Machining process (ECM) can be applied for shaping advanced conductive materials which are difficult or impossible for machining using conventional methods. In electrochemical machining the workpiece is an anode and material is removed as a result of electrochemical reactions. This mechanism of material removal makes it possible to obtain high metal removal rate and good surface layer quality when machining parts made of super-alloys, alloys, steels and some composite materials on metallic base. The very important but difficult problem is ECM process mathematical modeling because the phenomena occurring into interelectrode gap are very complicated. In order to simplify the mathematical modeling it is necessary to introduce some modification of the ECM sinking process by: application of pulse voltage (Pulse ECM) often correlated with electrodes vibration, ECM machining with universal electrodes. The other important directions of ECM process development are: manufacturing processes by el...


Combining network security and corporate credit system safety,the paper mainly analyzes and researches the security of corporate credit system with the help of network security,and initially resolves the security problem of corporate credit system from the technical aspects.


The soil water balance was simulated for a sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) crop grown at a site in Sindh, southeast Pakistan. Data from drainage lysimeters with a water table depth (WTD) set at 1.5 m or 2.25 m from the soil surface were used to calibrate the SWAP93 model. Surface irrigation, subirrigation and drainage were monitored in the lysimeters, and climatic data were collected at the site for day of the year (DOY) 46 to 289. SWAP93's ability to predict soil water balance components such as net bottom fluxes below the plant root zone (i.e., drainage or capillary rise) and evapotranspiration was evaluated. Daily and cumulative drainage were overestimated for both WTDs over the season. However, if the simulation was stopped before the heavy rainfall of DOY 201–205 (approx. 200 mm), daily drainage for the 2.25 m WTD lysimeters and cumulative drainage for both WTDs were underestimated. This rainfall showed no effect on evapotranspiration estimates. Weekly and cumulative ET were both underestimated, suggesting that the ET computational method needed to be revised for the study region.


Attenuation which is linear in frequency (as opposed to quadratic as for laminar viscosity) occurs in porous media wave propagation and biomedical applications. Straightforward use of Fourier transforms for frequency-linear attenuation violates causality. We give a causal time domain algorithm with numerical stability criteria and verify its accuracy. For acoustic wave propagation in ocean sediment, the algorithm results in a mild increase of phase speed with frequency as a result of the Kramers–Kronig relation. The algorithm gives results in good agreement with in situ data for sandy sediment.


The effect of microstructure on electromagnetic properties was investigated in Al18B4O33w/Co and Al18B4O33w/FeCo composite particles. Resistivity (ρ) and saturation magnetization (Ms) were introduced to determine the relationship between microstructure and electromagnetic properties indirectly. The ρ of Co coatings decreased by nine orders of magnitude when annealed in H2, which substantially affected permittivity and permeability. Intense dielectric relaxation occurred in 2 GHz to 18 GHz band, particularly when the ρ was lower than 1.16 × 10−3 Ω·cm, and a strong eddy current effect began to emerge when the ρ decreased to 5 × 10−4 Ω·cm. An unusual increase in the permeability of the Co coatings was identified, and enhanced exchange-coupling interaction was correspondingly revealed, which was assumed to be related to microstructure evolution. The influence of microstructure observed in Al18B4O33w/Co was further found in the Al18B4O33w/CoFe composite particles. This study suggested that the introduction of ...


Seven grape rootstock cultivars were subjected to moisture stress to study the changes in their physiological and morphological responses such as relative water content (RWC), water use efficiency (WUE), proline content and root to shoot length ratio (RSLR). Significant difference was observed for most of the parameters under moisture stress conditions. Rootstocks 110 R, 1103 P, 99 R and Dog Ridge recorded comparatively more RSLR, WUE and proline content than the other rootstocks. Least values for all the observed parameters were recorded in SO4 and Vitis longii rootstocks. Under semiarid tropical climate of India, rootstocks 110 R, 1103 P and 99 R could be better drought tolerant rootstocks. Genetic variability was observed among grape rootstocks for most of the studied parameters.


Based on analysing graduate design of computer major in a scientific university,the paper discussed the main problems of graduate design and the factors which influencing the quality of graduate design,then put forward some tactics in improving the quality of graduate design.


A new stereolithography technology, curing on ove rlapped area of scanning line, is developed in the paper. It is proved both in t heory and practice that the new technology can decrease deformation effectively, reduce residual stress and guarantee the quality of the part.


Along with deepgoing of geologica l research gradually,the geothermal abnorm ality in south-eastern basin was discovere d.Through further exploration found that w ell temperature in depth 1200m reached more than 40℃,the 2 faults (F,F)located south a nd north of basin are heat-controlled struc ture of geothermal field in the area,and Ya ngshao formation of Tertiary system is rese rvoir of ground hot water in Hanpingchuan g raben-faulting basin,and there are better recharge condition and abundant ground hot water resources,so it has possessed good pr ospect of exploitation.


The question when people work is almost always reduced to the question how much people work on (non-)standard working hours. In this contribution, we applied optimal matching techniques using Belgian data from a weekly work grid (n = 6330) to identify individuals' work timing patterns, offering a richer analytical approach than most previous studies on (non-)standard work time. Results show that such analysis captures much more and much more relevant variation in the timing of work than simple questions. Three general and 10 more detailed weekly work patterns are identified based on two dimensions of paid work: the number of hours worked and the percentage of hours worked on non-standard periods of time. Additional analyses show that men's work patterns depend only on job characteristics. For women, work patterns are also explained by socio-economic factors including education, presence of working partner and presence of children.


The introduction of a local Social Services policy on day services for adults with learning disabilities reflects a nationwide trend towards getting more people out of day-centres and into open employment. With service providers' history of failing to consult the people they serve, it was considered vital to find out the views of men and women currently on a work experience programme. Eighteen people were asked about their satisfaction with work and the day centre they attend, as well as their preference for full or part-time work. Results indicated that they all valued some aspects of their work highly, but half expressed a desire to exercise the option of coming to the day centre for some of the time. Everyone in the study emphasised the importance of friends, whether at work or at the Centre. The research design incorporated a combination of open-ended, yes/no and either/or questions in order to reduce the problems of acquiescence and inconsistency often found when interviewing people with learning disabilities.


This paper examines the uneven convergence between Indian development cooperation and the (so-called) 'traditional' development establishment. Using the case of Indian government concessional lines of credit (LoCs), handled by the Export–Import Bank, it demonstrates how diplomatic, strategic and party-political interests drove a major revision in LoC policy in 2015. The Indian government directly adopted policies from the World Bank and the UK's Department for International Development on project selection and design, tendering and monitoring. These were designed to increase technical proficiency, timeliness and development outcomes but also to bring about a change in the companies undertaking these projects. Such policies indicate some degree of departure from the non-interventionist, non-hierarchical norms of India's original South–South Cooperation, whereby the recipient (in theory) exclusively made decisions over what projects were done and how. To some extent, that role is now shared. This partially mirrors changes among the DAC donors, many of whom are redefining the definition of OECD Official Development Assistance (ODA), increasing blended finance and focusing more on economic development (and less on poverty reduction). However, while converging in these aspects of technical planning and implementation, the political and strategic interests driving the LoC changes did not extend to examining developmental or environmental outcomes; state-to-state relations continue to have primacy in the project-approval process. The paper therefore finds uneven convergence in India's development cooperation, with change in technical policies but greater persistence in norms. This reflects the wider multidirectional evolution of the global development sphere.


The invention discloses a high-performance adhesive for optical communication devices and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of high-polymer materials. The high-performance adhesive for optical communication devices is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-90 parts of cationic polymer resin, 2-30 parts of free radical photopolymer resin, 2-20 parts of polylol, 0.5-10 parts of photoinitiator, 0.05-5 parts of thermal initiator, 0.05-2 parts of coupling agent, 0.01-1 part of polymerization inhibitor and 0-10 parts of other assistants. The preparation method comprises the following steps: first mixing, second mixing and compound mixing. The high-performance adhesive for optical communication devices has the characteristics of quick curing, consistent refractivity with glass, favorable light transmittance, excellent adhesion force, high Tg, low shrinkage, high stability, excellent constructability, simple operability and the like, and can be applied to chips or bare fibers in optical communication industry and fixed in a V groove to be bonded and fixed with the cover plate.


Background:  In the present study, we investigated the physical complications of elderly patients with senile dementia in the Department of Psychogeriatrics, Imaise Branch, Ichinomiya City Hospital.


This paper presents the results of a qualitative research project that used a simple game of a software project to see if and how games could contribute to better software project management education, and, if so, what features would make them most efficacious. The results suggest that while games are useful pedagogical tools and are well-received by players, they are not sufficient in themselves and must be supplemented by other learning devices.


BACKGROUND
It is extremely important to develop and maintain healthy lifestyle behaviors, particularly in overweight and obese women.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of education and counseling on healthy lifestyle behaviors among overweight and obese women who attend a sports center.

METHODS
This pretest-posttest interventional study included a total of 60 women aged 18-49 years [intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30)]. The data were collected using an introductory information form, the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale II, and an anthropometric measurements follow-up form. The participants in the intervention group were provided with education and counseling. The control group was administered the standard procedure at the sports center.

RESULTS
In the pretest comparison of the intervention and control groups, values of health responsibility, interpersonal relations, and spiritual development were greater in the control group than in the intervention group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the posttest comparison, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of waist/hip ratio, BMI, interpersonal relations, and spiritual development (p > 0.05). It was found in multiple regression analysis: the BMI posttest (β = -0.250, p = 0.028) predict negatively 25% of the HLBS II posttest total score and being in the intervention group (β = 0.486, p < 0.001) predict positively 49% of (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Training and counseling based on the health promotion model are effective in developing healthy lifestyle behaviors. Women aged 18-49 years should be more frequently monitored in terms of obesity.


1. Introduction 2. Peasant Images as Critique and Capital 3. Peasant Icons for the Conflicted Middle Class 4. Courbet, Corot, and democratic poetics 5. Impressionism, pathology and progress 6. Conclusion Notes Index.


Long methods are usually difficult to read and comprehend due to the length and complexity of the code. As a result, maintenance can be time consuming and costly. One strategy to lower overall cost of software development for large systems is to produce smaller and less complex methods through method refactoring. This paper presents a new technique to automate the selection process of program fragments for refactoring. The soundness of this technique has been demonstrated through experiments on several different software systems. Long method defects can effectively be resolved by extracting code fragments identified with the support of a tool we have developed. Keywords-Extract Method Refactoring; Long Method defects; Placement Tree


Eastman Kodak Company has been manufacturing color negative print papers since 1942. Technological breakthroughs in couplers, stabilizers, and ultraviolet absorbers have led to significant gains in image stability. Processing advances have been equally dramatic and were achieved in concert with emulsion and base improvements. Film and printer evolution has also influenced color paper development. The advent of RC paper base has permitted selection of surfaces. This record of continuous improvement, form 1942's Type I KODACOLOR Paper to 1955's Type C to 1984's KODAK EKTRACOLOR PLUS Paper, is reviewed. Although the perspective offered is technical and manufacturing, progress was wide-ranging. (Abstractor's note: First presented at the second SPSE International Conference on Photographic Paper)


Plan recognition remains a largely unexplored paradigm for facilitating coordination. In this paper, we begin to explore domain, task, and agent characteristics which impact upon the utility of using plan recognition for coordinating multiple agents and, in particular, collections of agents organized into competing teams. Agents in our research are supplied plan-recognition capabilities in the form of specially instantiated belief networks called Plan Recognition Networks (PRNs). Our initial experiments test several hypotheses concerning coordination performance as a factor of plan-recognition model expressiveness compared to coordination based upon using communication protocols of varying expressiveness. The initial results demonstrate that plan-recognition capabilities permit agents to realize better coordination performance in many situations due to increased knowledge provided through observation and inference compared to that supplied by communication protocols.


TOPIC
Applying standardized nursing language in public health nursing practice.

PURPOSE
To develop a charting format to document public health nursing practice based on standardized nursing language.

SOURCES
Literature review of documentation systems for public health nursing practice.

CONCLUSIONS
A task force of public health nurses developed a charting format based on Taxonomy I of Nursing Diagnosis (NANDA), Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).


Estrogen receptors (ERs) protect pancreatic islet survival in mice through rapid extranuclear actions. ERα also enhances insulin synthesis in cultured islets. Whether ERα stimulates insulin synthesis in vivo and, if so, through which mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. To address these issues, we generated a pancreas-specific ERα knockout mouse (PERαKO−/−) using the Cre-loxP strategy and used a combination of genetic and pharmacologic tools in cultured islets and β cells. Whereas 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment up-regulates pancreatic insulin gene and protein content in control ERαlox/lox mice, these E2 effects are abolished in PERαKO−/− mice. We find that E2-activated ERα increases insulin synthesis by enhancing glucose stimulation of the insulin promoter activity. Using a knock-in mouse with a mutated ERα eliminating binding to the estrogen response elements (EREs), we show that E2 stimulation of insulin synthesis is independent of the ERE. We find that the extranuclear ERα interacts with the tyrosine kinase Src, which activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2, to increase nuclear localization and binding to the insulin promoter of the transcription factor NeuroD1. This study supports the importance of ERα in β cells as a regulator of insulin synthesis in vivo.


An embodiment of the invention provides a control method and electronic equipment. The control method is applied to the electronic equipment. The electronic equipment at least comprises an image capturing unit, a display unit and a light-emitting unit, wherein the light-emitting unit at least comprises a first slave light-emitting unit and a second slave light-emitting unit. When the first slave light-emitting unit is turned on, a second area is lighted. When the second slave light-emitting unit is turned on, a third area is lighted. The image capturing unit is controlled for capturing a first image and the display unit is controlled for displaying the first image. The first image is corresponding to the first area where the image capturing unit captures images. A first control command is obtained according to light and dark areas of the first image, and the first slave light-emitting unit and/or the second slave light-emitting unit are turned on or off according to the first control command. The intersection area of the second area and the first area is smaller than the first area, and the intersection area of the third area and the first area is smaller than the first area. According to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, an effect of precise light supplementation can be achieved.


Discussions of randomized and observational studies of effectiveness or safety often come down to one versus the other. This is a story of complementarity. A 2007 meta-analysis of 42 small, diverse, randomized trials suggested that rosiglitazone increased risk for myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes (1). A lack of definitive data led to debate, uncertainty, patient concern, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) boxed warning, and rapid decline in rosiglitazone use. However, in 2013, readjudication of results from a large safety trial required by the European Medicines Agency, begun when the drug was introduced, resulted in exoneration (2). The FDA lifted its boxed warningtoo late for rosiglitazone. Early in this episode, the FDA announced that all future new drug applications for antidiabetic therapies should include plans for a postapproval, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to assess cardiovascular safety. Studies were to be sized to rule out even modest increases in risk, started at or before approval, and funded by the manufacturer. Nine such cardiovascular outcomes trials have now been launched. None have reported increased risk for primary cardiovascular disease end points, and 1 trial of a new agent suggests cardiovascular benefits (3). These safety trials are helping to define the comparative effectiveness of glucose-lowering therapies for preventing the most frequent complication of diabetes: cardiovascular disease (4). However, in 1 trial, a modest increase in hospitalizations for congestive heart failure, a secondary outcome, was associated with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor) saxagliptin (5). Trials of 2 other DPP-4 inhibitors found no increased risk for heart failure (6, 7). That this was a chance finding, a result of testing multiple hypotheses, was plausible. The FDA was better prepared this time. It had launched the Sentinel Initiative, a national drug safety surveillance and evaluation network (8). By 2011, the Sentinel Initiative's pilot program, Mini-Sentinel, included longitudinal prescription, diagnostic, health care utilization, and enrollment data from many large insurers covering more than 350 million person-years, creating a dynamic cohort that the FDA uses to evaluate safety signals from various sources. In 2010, the FDA set out to examine the utility of the Mini-Sentinel program for conducting active surveillance analyses of the cardiovascular safety of new diabetes drugs in parallel with the safety trials. Saxagliptin was the focus of the pilot. Methods were developed to compare risks for myocardial infarction in new users of saxagliptin versus new users of sitagliptin, pioglitazone, second-generation sulfonylureas, and insulin. Toh and colleagues extend this study to examine hospitalized heart failure in response to the worrisome trial findings (9). Their analyses include more than 78 000 saxagliptin users and allay concerns about a saxagliptin-associated risk for heart failure. Heart failure risk in users of saxagliptin and sitagliptin was similar and comparable to or lower than risk in all other comparator groups. Saxagliptin users were slightly healthier than users of comparator medications at baseline, but potential confounding differences were controlled for through use of 2 distinct approaches, both of which drew from the rich demographic, diagnostic, prescription, and utilization data available in Mini-Sentinel. Beyond allaying concern over saxagliptin, the study illustrates the value of large, longitudinal databases built from clinical and administrative data of multiple organizations to complement clinical trial findings. The cohort and analytic framework can be quickly adapted to study a different outcome if concerns arise about other risks of DPP-4 inhibitors, or repurposed to study other agents. The large cohort size allowed for extension of the study beyond clinical trial participants to all patients treated in practice and for creation of multiple specific comparator groups. Patients in a placebo-controlled group receive an unknown mix of additional antidiabetic agents to control glycemia, some of which may increase risk for heart failure, making comparisons to placebo difficult to interpret. Observational studies are not substitutes for randomized safety trials, but they are valuable complements. Clinical trial findings can provide boundaries against which observational study results can be evaluated. Findings falling outside these boundaries would be suspect for bias. Conversely, new findings from observational studies, such as possible treatment heterogeneity, may lead to new trials in patient subgroups. Despite the intensive approaches used in this study to adjust for potential confounding, possibilities of residual bias remain. Patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin may be sicker than those prescribed oral agents, even after adjustment for all of the clinical differences found in clinical data and shown in the paper. Lastly, the average length of follow-up in this study was only 7 to 9 months, rather than the 2.1-year average in the trial, primarily because follow-up was terminated when a gap in refilling prescriptions appeared. Trials are better able to monitor adherence accurately and to support it. Most large database studies, including Sentinel, rely primarily on administrative data. Electronic health records (EHRs) now cover most clinical care in the United States and include additional information that could have been useful in Toh and colleagues' study. Data on body mass index, blood pressure, glucose and creatinine levels, and ejection fractions would help in understanding and adjusting for baseline differences and for understanding the clinical course during follow-up, including treatment adherence. The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) has funded PCORnet, a national patient-centered research network that is built of collaborating delivery systembased networks with EHR data (clinical data research networks, or CDRNs) and patient-powered research networks comprising participants with single or related conditions. PCORnet is standardizing EHR-derived datajust as Sentinel has standardized health plan datausing a very similar common data model. PCORnet aims to support pragmatic clinical trials embedded within care delivery as well as observational studies. A demonstration trial is under way (10). PCORnet involves patients, clinicians, and executive leadership in its 130 participating delivery systems in governing research activities. But PCORnet is not an ideal or a complete solution, either. Enrollment and outcomes data held by payers are essential, so PCORnet works closely with Sentinel, its health plan partners, the FDA, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to accomplish critical linkages. It is building the infrastructure to collect patient-reported data and will be further enriched through collaboration with specialty society and other registries. In a country with a health care system as partitioned as that of the United States, sharing complementary data resources could go a long way toward answering safety and effectiveness questions quickly and more definitively, linking clinical trial investigation with real-world experience, eliminating waste and redundancy in research data collection, and incorporating the voices of patients and other stakeholders. My compliments to Toh and colleagues and others who work to achieve this vision.


Traditionally Eurocentric tardigrade taxonomy has started to dissect endemics from very few truly cosmopolitan or widely distributed species, originally described mostly from the West Palaearctic, in the last decade. Obviously, the most problematic for taxonomic identification are species in large genera containing over 100 species in the case of Tardigrada. In limno-terrestrial heterotardigrades, only Echiniscus C.A.S. Schultze, 1840 fulfils this criterion, being a perfect example of taxonomic inflation. In Echiniscidae, this phenomenon results predominantly from the historical fallacy of attaching more importance to chaetotaxy than to the analysis of dorsal plate sculpturing. In this paper, the first of a series on echiniscids of the World, we review the current state of knowledge on the West Palaearctic Echiniscus species. Echiniscus granulatus (Doyère, 1840) and E. spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) are re-described based on multiple population data. Echiniscus lapponicus Thulin, 1911 and E. militaris Murray, 1911 are provided with the first SEM and molecular data, respectively. Following synonymies are made based on analyses of ample comparative material, type series, and redescriptions: E. blumi schizofilus Bartoš, 1941 syn. nov. and E. trojanus Maucci, 1973 syn. nov. of E. blumi blumi Richters, 1903; E. inocelatus Mihelčič, 1938 syn. nov., E. heterospinosus Maucci, 1954 syn. nov. and E. egnatiae Durante Pasa & Maucci, 1979 syn. nov. of E. granulatus; Echiniscus merokensis suecicus Thulin, 1911 syn. nov., E. columinis Murray, 1911 syn. nov., E. batramiae Iharos, 1936 syn. nov., E. jagodici Mihelčič, 1951 syn. nov. and E. laterospinosus Rudescu, 1964 syn. nov. of E. merokensis merokensis Richters, 1904; E. hexacanthus Maucci, 1973 syn. nov. of E. militaris Murray, 1911; E. carusoi Pilato, 1972 syn. nov. of E. spinulosus; E. osellai Maucci, 1974 syn. nov. of E. trisetosus Cuénot, 1932. Two new nomina dubia are proposed: E. apuanus M. Bertolani, 1946 sp. dub. (and a probable synonymy with E. merokensis suggested) and E. pajstunensis Bartoš, 1941 sp. dub. Two new nomina inquirenda are established: E. marleyi Li, 2007 sp. inq. (another chaetotaxy-based morphotype of the Echiniscus blumi-canadensis complex) and E. punctus McInnes, 1995 sp. inq. (the lack of reliable morphological criteria separating it from E. granulatus). We summarise the morphological, phylogenetic and biogeographic information for the West Palaearctic Echiniscus species, and conclude with a total of 21 valid and identifiable taxa. We predict this number will decrease further with solving the species delimitation issues within the Echiniscus blumi-canadensis complex. Among these 21 taxa, 13 species (62%) are to be found solely in the Western Palaearctic and/or entire Holarctic regions. This augments the many recent findings that tardigrades are typically biogeographically structured and form clearly defined faunae.


BACKGROUND
When venous system of superior vena cava is not useful or when chest wall is not utilizable to place a reservoir, saphenous vein can be utilized for totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) placement. Aim of this work is to establish the best location of the reservoir for the function and the comfort of the patient.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
All the patients submitted to TIVAD placement from January 1995 to October 2004 at the Department of Surgical Science, Organs Transplantations and Advanced Technologies of University of Catania have been considered to the present study. Age, sex, kind of disease, surgical procedure, early and late complications, function of the system and comfort to the patients in relation to the different site of reservoir placement have been studied.

RESULTS
447 TIVAD have been implanted in 258 males and 189 females aged from 31 to 79 years in the period considered for the study. Solid tumors represent the majority of the indications and all the TIVAD have been implanted by surgical cutdown to avoid all the early complications related to the percutaneous approach. Two patients received their TIVAD using saphenous vein by surgical cut-down, and no early complications have been recorded. The reservoirs have been placed respectively: in the chest wall in the first patient; and in the anterior wall of the abdomen, close to the anterosuperior iliac crest, firstly and later in the anterolateral face of the thigh in the second one. The first patient had non complications instead the second one referred discomfort with both reservoir locations.

CONCLUSIONS
For the comfort of the patient related to the reservoir position in case of saphenous vein utilization chest wall should represent the best studies are required to validate the appropriate reservoir location.


Without the use of cache the increasing gap between processor and memory speeds in modern embedded microprocessors would have resulted in memory access times becoming an unacceptable bottleneck. In such systems, cache related preemption delays can be a significant proportion of task execution times. To obtain tight bounds on the response times of tasks in pre-emptively scheduled systems, it is necessary to integrate worst-case execution time analysis and schedulability analysis via the use of an appropriate model of pre-emption costs. In this paper, we introduce a new method of bounding pre-emption costs, called the ECB-Union approach. The ECBUnion approach complements an existing UCB-Union approach. We combine the two into a simple composite approach that dominates both. These approaches are integrated into response time analysis for fixed priority pre-emptively scheduled systems. Further, we extend this analysis to systems where tasks can access resources in mutual exclusion, in the process resolving omissions in existing models of pre-emption delays. A case study and empirical evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of the ECBUnion and combined approaches for a wide range of different cache configurations including cache utilization, cache set size, reuse, and block reload times.


PVDF has been popularly used for miscellaneous sensor and energy harvesting purposes. The advantages of flexible and light characteristics in particular enhance more interest. A new approach of using ITO glass for surface poling is investigated in this study. Instead of using metal electrode onto the PVDF surface, ITO is coated onto glass for conducting electrode. It can provide an easy way of electrode pattern design. Also, higher electric field can be applied in the process of poling so that higher response is achieved. Properties of PVDF films are characterized by using d31 meter to measure the piezoelectric constant and using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) to measure β-crystallization. From the experiment results, it indicates that PVDF film makes use of the ITO glass poling method will gain higher output voltage and current as compared to traditional poling technique. Comb type electrode pattern, for example, is efficient to generate higher output response for planar polarization and is able to control the desired output voltage and current. Using a whole piece of ITO glass for poling with pattern design can avoid from the defect of non-uniform polarization at the corners that usually happens in using metal electrode. Compared to the PVDF embedded in a cantilever and a pressing structure, the latter one will gain more output response.


In two studies, we examined the extent to which children were able to overcome the misleading implications of questions and respond in accordance with simple classificatory logic. The hypothesis was that situational variables that decrease the pressure of a child to conform to an adult would diminish the impact of the leading question. The first study demonstrated that group versus individual testing enhanced the less implied response, and the second study showed that with younger children, peer as opposed to adult testers created a similar effect. The results are in keeping with theories of pragmatics that stress the role of context in the understanding of meaning.


A software package that utilizes a conventional digital fault recorder (DFR) and a personal computer (PC) to perform the important functions of a power station turbogenerator torsional monitor has been developed. This is referred to as MOST (monitoring of shaft torque). MOST was developed to take advantage of the current technology to provide simulated shaft torque monitoring that is simple, reliable and requires no new hardware. The authors provide a description of the theory and features of MOST. MOST uses outputs from a conventional DFR. MOST results have been validated by three independent methods. MOST is currently being applied at three nuclear units and five coal-fired units in the Arizona Public Service Company's system. >


This report seeks to document the development of a capability security system based on a Linux kernel and to follow through the implications of such a system. After defining terms, several other capability systems are discussed and found to be excellent, but to have too high a barrier to entry. This motivates the development of the above system. The capability system decomposes traditionally monolithic applications into a number of communicating actors, each of which is a separate process. Actors may only communicate using the capabilities given to them and so the impact of a vulnerability in a given actor can be reasoned about. This design pattern is demonstrated to be advantageous in terms of security, comprehensibility and modularity and with an acceptable performance penality. From this, following through a few of the further avenues which present themselves is the two hours traffic of our stage.


1. Intravenous administration of captopril (0.1‐0.3 mg/kg) to normotensive pithed rats, with or without unilateral nephrectomy, was followed by a sustained fall in arterial blood pressure. Concomitantly pressor responses to electrical stimulation of the spinal sympathetic outflow (T11‐L3), ganglion stimulation with McNeil‐A‐343 (4‐(m‐chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)‐2‐butynyl‐trimethylammonium chloride) or intravenous injection of noradrenaline were reduced. Attenuation by captopril (1 mg/kg) of pressor responses to McNeil‐A‐343 persisted after intravenous propranolol (1 mg/kg). Tachycardia caused by electrical stimulation of the spinal sympathetic nerves (C7‐T2) was unchanged after 3.0 mg/kg captopril.


In Chapter 9 of Electrical Craft Principles, Volume 1, the effect of electromagnetic induction was introduced It was pointed out that any change in the magnetic flux linking a conductor would result in an electromotive force (EMF) being induced in it. This change of flux can be as a result of movement of the magnetic sy stem or the con ductor, when the effect is referred to as dynamic induction; or the change of flux may be due to a change of current in the coil producing it, when the effect is knows as static induction. The induction effect is of the greatest importance in electrical engineering, and are considered in more detail in this chapter as a basis for later work.


From the Qing Dynasty to the Minguo period,the human activity destucted the forest of the Qilian Mountain,the forest overlay degree continued to drop.It impacted the water resource condition of the Hexi Hallway.On the other hand,the person had realized the importance of the forest,it could keep the soil,improve the climate and maintain the water resource.They tried to adopt a series of maneuverability measure to control the forest reducing.But the active modus operandi could not radically turn the decreasing current.


Objective To explore the role and correlation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on pulmonary vascular remodeling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Ninety male patients who underwent surgery for squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled as our subjects.All patients were divided into COPD group and uon-COPD group based on lung function,and 45 cases in each group.Peripheral lung tissues without tumor infiltrated after lobectomy were taken to assess the degree of arterial inflammation,percentage of wall thickness to vessel diamater (WT%) and percentage of wall area to total vascular area(WA%) were measured through Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining under light microscope.The expression of PPARγand TLR4 were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results The distribution of WA% and WT% in COPD group were (43.98 ±6.43)% and (27.37 ±3.34)%,higher than that of non-COPD group ((26.09 ± 2.82) %,t =-13.949,P =0.000 ; (15.57 ± 1.75) %,t =-7.140,P =0.000).The expression of PPAR-γand TLR4 in COPD group were (10.74 ± 8.81) %,(3 1.41 ± 14.67) % respectively,and (28.22 ± 15.08)%,(4.67 ± 4.47)% in non-COPD group.The differences were statistic significantly(t =5.483,P =0.000; t =-9.555,P =0.000).And there was negative correlation between the expression of PPARγand TLR4 (r =-0.404,P < 0.01).Conclusion The pulmonary vascular of COPD patients showed the obviously inflammatory cell infiltration,fibrosis and proliferation,and PPAR-γ and TLR4 participate in the regulation of pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Key words:
Chronic obstructive Pulmonary vascular remodeling;  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ;  Toll-like receptor 4


Herein, we demonstrate a facile method for the preparation of microporous organic nanotubes (MONTs) based on a combination of hyper-cross-linking mediated self-assembling strategy and Scholl reaction by using polylactide-b-polystyrene diblock copolymers (PLA-b-PS) as precursors, in which the PS block forms the microporous organic frameworks of nanotubes through the C–C coupling reaction, while the PLA segment is completely degraded to produce the hollow mesoporous tubular structure. Owing to their high special surface area, robust organic framework and open-ended tubular structure, the obtained MONTs exhibit the outstanding adsorption capacity and efficiency for p-cresol and different organic vapors. Moreover, microporous carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) can be prepared by further carbonization. The resultant MCNTs as electrode materials of a supercapacitor display excellent electrochemical performance with specific capacitances of up to 192 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1, with capacitance retention of 97% even after 5000 cy...


We investigate the following gauged nonlinear Schrodinger equation \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -\Delta u+\omega u+\lambda\bigg(\dfrac{h_{u}^{2}(|x|)}{|x|^{2}}+ \int_{|x|}^{+\infty}\dfrac{h_{u}(s)}{s}u^{2}(s)ds\bigg)u = f(u) \ \ \ \ \ \mbox{in}\ \mathbb{R}^{2},\\ u\in H_r^1(\mathbb{R}^{2}), \end{cases} \end{equation*} $\end{document} where \begin{document}$ \omega,\lambda>0 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ h_{u}(s) = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{s}ru^{2}(r)dr $\end{document} . When \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} has exponential critical growth, by using the constrained minimization method and Trudinger-Moser inequality, it is proved that the equation has a ground state radial sign-changing solution \begin{document}$ u_{\lambda} $\end{document} which changes sign exactly once. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior of \begin{document}$ u_{\lambda} $\end{document} as \begin{document}$ \lambda\rightarrow0 $\end{document} is analyzed.


We considered phenomena that recent quantitative biological data are unveiling to happen in cell nucleus, by means of Statistical Mechanics tools.
In particular we focused on genome spatial self-organization, and its striking connection with genetic expression process, hence with future perspective on disease studies.
We lead our research efforts starting from biological data obtained by a direct collaboration with Ana Pombo's biologists group of London Imperial College and her working group.
I've statistically characterized our proposed model for genome self-organization by means of massive Motecarlo Simulations. Furthermore I've analitically characterized a model predicting Symmetry Breaking mechanism for some observed phenomenologies into the nucleus.


The article begins with a description of chiral symmetry and its application to neutrino induced reactions. For small $Q^2$ (forward direction) the process is dominated by the amplitute with helicity zero where the pion pole disappears when multiplied with the polarization vector. The remaining part of the amplitude is determined by PCAC. For $E_\nu > 2$ GeV the computed cross sections are in good agreement with data. In coherent pion production we expect equal yields for neutrinos and antineutrinos a relation which for $E_\nu > 2$ GeV is fulfilled. We discuss specific features of the data and suggest methods for improving them by presenting new estimates for the incoherent background.


Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) converting the atmospheric N2 into usable form NH4 are considered the key players in the nitrogen cycle, chiefly responsible for the enriching nitrogen content in the soils. Globally, biological fixation of N2 greatly contributes to plant growth, lessens the need for chemical fertilizers, and thus contributes to the mitigation of greenhouse gases NOx. In this study, diazotrophic bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere soils and root nodules of legume and non-legume plants in Vietnam. Quantitative analyzes by the acetylene reduction assay showed that the isolates have high nitrogen fixation activity compared with that of reference strain Azospirillum vinelandii KCTC 2426. In addition, other effective capabilities of the isolated strains toward supporting agriculture were investigated, i.e. synthesizing IAA and siderophore for promoting plant growth, or producing exopolysaccharides for maintaining soil moisture. Taxonomic positions of the isolated strains were identified based on the comparative analyses of sequences of the 16S rDNA and gene related to nitrogen fixation (nifH), revealing a high taxonomic diversity among free-living and symbiotic diazotrophic isolates. Direct support of the selected isolates to plant growth was proven in experiments with mung beans under laboratory conditions. Thus, the native diazotrophic strains obtained in this study would be good microbial sources for application in organic agriculture and soil amendment.


This Standard Reference Material (SRM) is a frozen fish tissue homogenate that was prepared from fish collected from Lake Michigan, and is intended primarily for use in evaluating analytical methods for the determination of selected trace elements, methylmercury, total mercury, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, chlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), proximates, α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCD), caloric content, and fatty acids in fish tissue and similar matrices. All of the constituents for which certified, reference, and information mass fraction values are provided are naturally present in the fish tissue homogenate. A unit of SRM 1947 consists of five bottles, each containing approximately eight grams (wet basis) of frozen tissue homogenate.


The European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI) is a large-scale EU project that involves 23 institutions and archives working on Holocaust studies, from Europe, Israel and the US. In its first phase (2011-2015) it aggregated archival descriptions and materials on a large scale and built a Virtual Research Environment (portal) for Holocaust researchers based on a graph database. In its second phase (2015-2019), EHRI-2 seeks to enhance the gathered materials using semantic approaches: enrichment, co-referencing, interlinking. Semantic integration involves four of the 14 EHRI-2 work packages and helps integrate databases, free text, and metadata to interconnect historical entities (people, organizations, places, historic events) and create networks. We will present some of the EHRI-2 technical work, including critical issues we have encountered.


Leaf and other litter falling in a mangrove woodland was estimated by litter trapping for 13 months. Mean annual litter fall was 5.8 t ha-1 year-1 (dry matter) of which 79% was leaf material. Largest fortnightly collections of litter were found in the summer months, and little litter fell in winter. Data suggested that mangrove litter is rapidly incorporated into the rest of the estuarine ecosystem: the leaf litter layer in the swamp was estimated on two occasions (about 9 g m-2 in winter and about 62 g m-2 in summer, dry leaf material) and a litter-bag experiment gave a leaf decomposition half- time of about 8 weeks.


Boron doped conducting diamond thin films were grown on Si substrate by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition from a gaseous feed of hydrogen, acetone/methanol and solid boron. The doping level of boron was ca. . The Si substrate was tilted ca. to make Si substrate, which have different height and temperature. Experimental results showed that different crystalline of diamond thin films were made by different temperature of Si substrate. There appeared steps of different crystalline morphology of diamond. To characterize the boron-doped diamond thin film, Raman spectroscopy was used for identification of crystallinity. To survey surface morphology, microscope was used. Grain size was changed gradually by different temperature due to different height. The Raman spectrum of film exhibited a sharp peak at , which is characteristic of crystalline diamond. The lower position of diamond film position, the more non-diamond component peak appeared near


Climate change is a current subject that is attracting more and more attention, whether from academics or the public. This public attention is mainly due to the frequently published news in the media, reporting consequences caused by extreme weather events. On the other hand, scientists are looking into the origins of the phenomenon, seeking answers that will somehow help to mitigate the effects of climate change. This article presents a review of some of the different possible approaches taken on climate change, to demonstrate the need to build a multidisciplinary perspective of the problem. It is understood that only the integration of different perspectives, presented by different areas of knowledge, such as natural sciences, social and economic sciences and human sciences, will make it possible to build modeling and predictive scenarios, which realistically may represent the development of the earth system under the influence of climate change. In this way, with the support of all areas of knowledge, the creation of forecast models where all possible changes to the different variables of the earth system may be simulated will allow for the mitigation measures presented to be analyzed in advance and, thus, prioritized. This review shows that a multi and interdisciplinary approach, based on the knowledge acquired from different knowledge and science fields, presents itself as the way to solve this global and complex problem caused by climate change.


New neutron sources being planned, such as the Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) or the European Spallation Source (ESS), will provide an order of magnitude flux increase over what is available today, but neutron scattering will still remain a signal-limited technique. At the same time, the development of new materials, such as polymer and ceramic composites or a variety of complex fluids, will increasingly require neutron-based research. This paper will discuss some of the new techniques which will allow us to make. better use of the available neutrons, either through improved instrumentation or through sample manipulation. Discussion will center primarily on unpolarized neutron techniques since polarized neutrons will be the subject of the next paper.


N-body simulations are used to study the effect of spiral heating, viscous heating, and cooling by inelastic collisions on the molecular cloud ensemble velocity dispersion. The simulations include inelastic collisions between clouds as well as long-range gravitational forces. The theory for heating and cooling of the cloud population is described, and the numerical code and the galaxy model are examined. Spiral arms not only heat the cloud population, they also cause increased cooling due to the large number of cloud-cloud collisions in the arms. It is found that the heating dominates, in that a stronger spiral potential leads to a higher velocity dispersion. The spiral potential is stronger for smaller values of Q(star). The steady-state cloud-ensemble velocity dispersion is found to be constant with the radius. Its value for a typical simulation of a multiple-arm spiral is slightly smaller than the value observed in the Galaxy. The stellar velocity dispersion corresponds to a radius-independent Q(star), for multiple-arm galaxies regardless of the initial radial dependence.


13026 Background: ON-1910.Na is a new chemical entity, novel cell cycle inhibitor which arrests cells in G2/M, affects phosphorylation of several regulatory kinases and lacks cross resistance to other standard chemotherapy agents. This is a first-in-man Phase I dose escalation study to determine the dose limiting toxicities, recommended Phase II dose, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, and to document any antitumor activity of ON-01910.Na.

METHODS
Patients had histologically confirmed solid tumors refractory to standard therapy. ON-1910.Na, formulated as a solution in PEG400, was administered as a 2-hour infusion on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, and 18 followed by a 10 day observation period for a total of 28 days per cycle. The initial dose was 80 mg and was escalated using an accelerated titration schedule; one patient was treated per cohort until grade 2 toxicity was documented. A dose confirmation cohort of up to 12 patients will be treated at the maximun tolerated dose (MTD). A comprehensive PK study was performed on days 1 and 15 of the first cycle, plus trough samples were collected.

RESULTS
Thirteen patients (7F, 6M; ages 46-73) have received 20 cycles. Dose levels of 80, 160, 320, 480, 800, 1280, 2080, and 3120 mg were evaluated in 8 patients, and a further dose of 4370 mg has been evaluated in 5 patients. Toxicities have been anemia (2 G1, 1 G2), leucopenia (1 G1, 1 G2), hyperglycemia (2 G1), elevated AST/ALT (1 G1, 1 G2), nausea (3 G1), diarrhea (3 G1), skeletal pain (5 G1, 1 G2), abdominal pain (2 G1), tumor pain (1 G2), and fatigue (3 G1, 1 G2), and have clustered at the latter 3 dose levels. PK analysis shows increasing ON-1910.Na exposure with increasing doses. ON-1910.Na has a low clearance (13 L/h), long half-life (20 h), distribution in excess of blood volume (58 L) and PK parameters are similar on days 1 and 15. Approximately 3-fold and 5-fold inter-subject variation in ON-1910.Na clearance was observed on days 1 and 15, respectively. No antitumor activity has been documented by standard criteria.

CONCLUSIONS
Dose escalation is continuing. [Table: see text].


Research results show (1) there are two dimensions characterizing Korean IS practitioners:'project-operation' and 'product-orientation-strategic-orientation', (2) there are two distinctive and main career paths of Korean IS practitioners:generalists who support using information systems in the context of operation and specialists who are engaged in software development or improvement projects, and (3) Korean IS practitioners are experiencing serious and pervasive knowledge and skill deficiencies. Research results also provide clear evidence that Korean universities fail to provide eligible entry-level software developers and that the shortage of eligible entry-level software developers distorts both IS specialists' careers and knowledge and skill requirements for them.


Gas pipeline tracking to find flammable gas leakage could be done manually by human worker. The activity are including walking from the start point along the way gas pipeline and record the condition. If the worker detects the presence of flammable gas, usually by its smell, and found the leakage point, he or she will stop and raise a concern for surrounding people or report to the office for further actions. This activities could harm the worker especially there will risk of fire and probably endangered life. The main objective of the research was to provide a model of intelligent gas pipeline tracking and to know its performance. The result of the research is a wheeled robot model developed based on the Arduino microprocessor equipped with gas sensor MQ2, LED and buzzer alarm for alert people and data logger in microSD memory card. The test results showed that wheeled robot able to sense the presence of flammable gas, tracking the gas pipeline using line follower principle, found the leakage point and stop instantly around 5.87 cm from the leakage point, as well as record the data in the form of file namely DATA.txt which can be used for further analysis.


This paper studies the impact of patent enforcement on shareholder value and firms' innovation patterns. Using the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case TC Heartland LLC vs. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC (2017), which significantly constrained the forum shopping practices in patent litigation, we find that the weakening of patent holders' ability to enforce intellectual property protection leads to more negative stock return reactions for firms that are more innovation-intensive before the ruling. We further find that weakened enforcement of patent protection shifted firms' innovation patterns. While innovation-intensive firms do not reduce the overall R&D investment, they choose to keep their innovation outputs as trade secrets and apply for patents significantly less frequently. Our findings shed new light on the current debate on intellectual property protection.


With the increase of GPS positioning accuracy requirement,the orientation estimation algorithm and the com-putational complexity are increasing,resulting in prolong time and difficult to calculate the output location data in real-time.To address this issue,this article will proposes a combination of hybrid filter algorithm(The EKF and UKF Com-bined Filter,EUCF),which bases on the EKF and the UKF.This new algorithm is simulated under the GPS positioning system test platform The results showthe algorithm can on the premise of high-precision positioning is estimated to im-prove the computing speed in the same simulation conditions.It is useful to address the high dynamic GPS receivers out-put the real-time positioning accuracy problem effectively.


Abstract Bacteria compete for resources in diverse environments using an array of antagonistic strategies, including the production of narrow‐spectrum protein antibacterials termed bacteriocins. Although significant research has focused on bacteriocin‐mediated dynamics in culture environments, little research has explored bacteriocin‐mediated dynamics within a host context, particularly in plant environments. Here, we show that a bacterial plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Psy), expresses a bacteriocin both in culture and in leaf apoplast when co‐inoculated with a bacteriocin‐sensitive competitor, P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph). Although there is an observable negative effect of the bacteriocin on the Pph population at most time points both in culture and in the leaf apoplast, a bacteriocin‐mediated benefit to Psy was only observed when the producing strain was co‐infiltrated at a low population frequency (1:9) into the leaf apoplast. At 6 days post‐infiltration, Psy achieved an eightfold population increase compared to a bacteriocin‐deficient mutant in the apoplast. No bacteriocin‐mediated benefit for Psy was observed under the culture conditions tested. Additionally, we found that the bacteriocin‐mediated benefit for Psy was dependent on the Type III Secretion System. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the fitness benefit of bacteriocin‐mediated antagonism is influenced by interactions within the host plant.


The Henry's law constants for aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and peroxyacetic acid were measured over the temperature range 278°–293°K. These determinations were made by measuring the vapor pressure of the peroxide in a gas stream of nitrogen or air that was in equilibrium with a solution of known peroxide concentration. The aqueous phase concentrations ranged from 5 × 10−5 M to 5 × 10−3 M for hydrogen peroxide, and from 1 × 10−6 M to 1 × 10−4 M for methylhydroperoxide and peroxyacetic acid. In all cases, Henry's law was obeyed over the concentration range investigated. The temperature dependence of the Henry's law constant is expressed by KH = e[A/T−B], where KH is in the units of molar concentration per atm, and T is in degrees Kelvin. The coefficients' values are A = 6621, B = 11.00 for hydrogen peroxide; A = 5607, B = 13.41 for methylhydroperoxide; and A = 6171, B = 14.55 for peroxyacetic acid. The experimental errors on KH at the 95% confidence level are ±8.3% for hydrogen peroxide, ±11% for methylhydroperoxide, and ±17% for peroxyacetic acid. In addition, the Henry's law behavior of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate was investigated. The Henry's law constant of hydrogen peroxide decreased with increasing sulfuric acid concentration and increased with increasing ammonium sulfate concentration.


Abstract Background Congenital ISG15 deficiency is a rare autoinflammatory disorder that is driven by chronically elevated systemic interferon levels and predominantly affects central nervous system and skin. Methods and results We have developed induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived macrophages and endothelial cells as a model to study the cellular phenotype of ISG15 deficiency and identify novel treatments. ISG15–/– macrophages exhibited the expected hyperinflammatory responses, but normal phagocytic function. In addition, they displayed a multifaceted pathological phenotype featuring increased apoptosis/pyroptosis, oxidative stress, glycolysis, and acylcarnitine levels, but decreased glutamine uptake, BCAT1 expression, branched chain amino acid catabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, β‐oxidation, and NAD(P)H‐dependent oxidoreductase activity. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory chain complexes II–V was diminished in ISG15–/– cells. Defective mitochondrial respiration was restored by transduction with wild‐type ISG15, but only partially by a conjugation‐deficient variant, suggesting that some ISG15 functions in mitochondrial respiration require ISGylation to cellular targets. Treatment with itaconate, dimethyl‐itaconate, 4‐octyl‐itaconate, and the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib ameliorated increased inflammation, propensity for cell death, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the treatments greatly improved mitochondria‐related gene expression, BCAT1 levels, redox balance, and intracellular and extracellular ATP levels. However, efficacy differed among the compounds according to read‐out and cell type, suggesting that their effects on cellular targets are not identical. Indeed, only itaconates increased expression of anti‐oxidant genes NFE2L2, HMOX1, and GPX7, and dimethyl‐itaconate improved redox balance the most. Even though itaconate treatments normalized the elevated expression of interferon‐stimulated genes, ISG15–/– macrophages maintained their reduced susceptibility to influenza virus infection. Conclusions These findings expand the cellular phenotype of human ISG15 deficiency and reveal the importance of ISG15 for regulating oxidative stress, branched chain amino acid metabolism, and mitochondrial function in humans. The results validate ruxolitinib as treatment for ISG15 deficiency and suggest itaconate‐based medications as additional therapeutics for this rare disorder.


Motivation: Bacteriophages have two distinct lifestyles: virulent and temperate. The virulent lifestyle has many implications for phage therapy, genomics and microbiology. Determining which lifestyle a newly sequenced phage falls into is currently determined using standard culturing techniques. Such laboratory work is not only costly and time consuming, but also cannot be used on phage genomes constructed from environmental sequencing. Therefore, a computational method that utilizes the sequence data of phage genomes is needed. Results: Phage Classification Tool Set (PHACTS) utilizes a novel similarity algorithm and a supervised Random Forest classifier to make a prediction whether the lifestyle of a phage, described by its proteome, is virulent or temperate. The similarity algorithm creates a training set from phages with known lifestyles and along with the lifestyle annotation, trains a Random Forest to classify the lifestyle of a phage. PHACTS predictions are shown to have a 99% precision rate. Availability and implementation: PHACTS was implemented in the PERL programming language and utilizes the FASTA program (Pearson and Lipman, 1988) and the R programming language library 'Random Forest' (Liaw and Weiner, 2010). The PHACTS software is open source and is available as downloadable stand-alone version or can be accessed online as a user-friendly web interface. The source code, help files and online version are available at http://www.phantome.org/PHACTS/. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


This paper examines whether a firm's level of voluntary disclosure varies with its level of global diversification. We argue that information asymmetries and agency costs arising from the global diversification of operations and financing increase the incentives for firms to disclose at a higher level. We measure global diversification of operations by factor‐analyzing foreign shareholdings and foreign debt, and we measure global diversification of financing by factor‐analyzing foreign sales and foreign subsidiaries. Using a sample of 216 firms from 17 countries selected from Fortune's Global 500 list and Botosan's (1997) disclosure index, we find that the level of voluntary disclosure is positively related to the extent of global operations, but is not related to the extent of global financing.


A surface ionization source using spherical powder porous tungsten generates up to 9 mA of cesium ions with only a few percent of neutral atoms.


This is Chapter Five of the second edition of "Thinking Like a Lawyer: An Introduction to Legal Reasoning," which updates the first edition published in 1996. The goal of the book is to describe in a systematic and rigorous way the process by which lawyers use rules, policies, and facts to construct arguments about the rights and duties that they believe a court would find to exist in a given situation. It also considers how a court might evaluate these arguments. The book may be used in connection with a law school legal methods course or a course in legal reasoning offered at the undergraduate or graduate level.Chapter Five describes the process by which lawyers use deduction and analogy to apply the law to facts. It builds on earlier chapters, which discuss identifying the applicable law, analyzing statutes and cases, synthesizing the law into a structure of rules, and researching the facts. Later chapters describe a systematic approach to making policy arguments, including discussions of the choices between formalism and instrumentalism, naturalism and positivism, and the individual and the community, and they place contemporary mainstream legal reasoning in a historical context. An Appendix offers law students advice on briefing cases, participating in a Socratic dialogue, outlining a course, and taking a law school exam – linking each of these tasks to the larger discussion in the text.Although the essential approach of the book remains unchanged from that taken in the first edition published 18 years ago, the chapters have been reorganized and new sections have been added on contemporary schools of legal thought, the role of cognitive bias in decision making, and the mechanics of both the legislative and the judicial process.


Ibuprofen (IBU), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is one of the most widely used and frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water bodies. This study examined the IBU degradation in aquatic solutions via ferric ion activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) coupled with electro-oxidation (EC/Fe3+/PDS). The degradation mechanisms involved three synergistic reactions in the EC/Fe3+/PDS system, including: (1) the electro-oxidation; (2) SO4•− generated from the activation of PDS by ferrous ions formed via cathodic reduction; (3) SO4•− generated from the electron transfer reaction. The radical scavenging experiments indicated that SO4•− and •OH dominated the oxidation process. The effects of the applied current density, PDS concentration, Fe3+ dosage, initial IBU concentration and initial pH as well as inorganic anions and humic acid on the degradation efficiency, were studied, and the degradation process of IBU followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. About 99.37% of IBU was removed in 60 min ((Fe3+ concentration) = 2.0 mM, (PDS concentration) = 12 mM, (initial IBU concentration) = 30 mg/L, current density = 15 mA/cm2, initial pH = 3). Finally, seven intermediate compounds were identified and probable IBU degradation pathways in the EC/Fe3+/PDS system were speculated.


Coupled diffusion-mechanical processes play a vital role in surface laser modification technologies. This article proposes an analytical coupled deformation-diffusion model for the dynamics of disorder carriers (atomic point defects) to study the effects of the surface elastic properties and the strain gradients on the instability of a laser-excited solid film with a nano-scale thickness. Dispersion relation of the diffusion-flexural instability (DFI) is obtained and analyzed. It is shown that the analysis, which simultaneously includes the surface elasticity, nonlocal second and fourth order strain gradient effects as well as the bending of the surface layer due-to normal and lateral defect–induced forces, gives two maxima on the instability growth rate curve at sufficiently far above the instability threshold. On the contrary, the growth rate has a single maximum if the excess of the instability threshold is insignificant. The proposed model predicts the dependence of the nano-relief period on the film thickness, the properties of the energy source and material properties. The effect of the process of clustering of atomic defects due to DFI on local or periodic peeling of deposited elastic layers on the substrate is also considered.


In spite of embracing studies and interventions along more than five decades, the thematic of intersexuality continues to impose epistemological, methodological, clinical and ethical challenges. In addition, to contribute for an including base that subsidizes critical reflections and coherent actions, a systematic revision of national and international studies published in the last two decades has been done. The articles were selected through a bibliographical search made in electronic databases. For classifying the publications, an organization protocol was adopted. Soon after, the recurrence analysis was used to classify the works in agreement with the methodological outline, the studied variables and the adopted instruments. It is concluded that there is still the need of the accomplishment of longitudinal researches supported by theoretical-methodological progresses in several Psychology sub areas.


At the heart of the book we are made to think thoroughly about the dichotomy of "policy-as-usual" vs. "emergencies-as-exceptions", and how is it possible to plan and prepare for 'unexpected' natural disasters, writes Sarah Lester. However, although Handbook of Disaster Policies and Institutions will be useful to policymakers to think critically about preparing long-term disaster response strategies, it does not provide enough of a 'handbook' for practicing emergency managers or humanitarian responders who need practical and considered advice on how to embed adaptive practices within their recovery strategies.


Introduction: uterine cancer is second to breast cancer as it affects women with the highest frequency, and its cure depends on early diagnosis. Objective: to identify the level of knowledge and risk factors predisposing Cumanayagua women to cervical-uterine cancer. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study at Cumanayagua Polyclinic during the year 2013. The target group consisted of 51 women at ages 25-59 years and with cervical-uterine cancer. To gather the information, we reviewed the clinical and cytodiagnosis records and conducted a survey. To analyze the results, we used absolute and relative (percentages) frequencies. Results: 80.39% had toxic habits, cigarettes consumption predominated (41.17%). 33.33% presented human papillomavirus infection. 23.53% had practiced abortion, out of which 17.64% were instrumented. Dyspareunia was the predominating symptom in 47.05%. 88.24% of the women were diagnosed in adult age. 92.15% have any lack of knowledge on cervical-uterine cancer, 58.82% out of which with regular knowledge and 33.33% with bad. Conclusions: Among the predominating risk factors are toxic habits, such as smoking; vaginal infections, abortion and dyspareunia, the diagnosis of the disease in the adult age and insufficient level of knowledge about the topic.


The numerous inscriptions on rocks and stone pillars which purport to have been issued by command of a sovereign named Priyadarśin or Piyadasi, and a few which omit the sovereign's name while using the title specially affected by King Piyadasi, obviously form a distinct class among Indian epigraphical records and belong approximately to one period. The exceptional value and the extreme interest of these inscriptions have always, since their first discovery, been recognized by all students of Indian history and antiquities, and for nearly seventy years the Piyadasi class of inscriptions has been studied and discussed by eminent scholars. Before these invaluable records can be fully and confidently utilized for the elucidation of the dark places of Indian history, two preliminary problems must be definitely solved. These problems are, firstly, Were all the Piyadasi inscriptions issued by one sovereign, or by two or more sovereigns? and secondly, Who was Piyadasi, and what is his place in history?


Objective To explore the causes and treatment methods of recurrent intussusception (RI) in children. Methods \ 105 children with intussusception were treated over the past 5 years, 11 of 105 cases (10.5%) had showed RI.Five of 11 patients had suffered from diarrhea and four had suffered from flu within one week. There were 17 times recurrences in 11 cases. Results \ All patients of RI were reduced successfully by air enema and barium enema. Only one patient with RI was found to have lead points which was Meckel′s diverticulum. One of those recurrences after surgery treatment was reduced successfully by air enema. Conclusion \ Viral infection may be the cause of RI in children. It can be treated successfully by air or hydrostatic reduction without complications. Surgical reduction of RI may be reserved for cases of failure of hydrostatic reduction or existence of pathological lead point. RI seldom occurs in patients who underwent surgical reduction.


This paper discusses the interconnection charges under the electronic toll collection technology,the standardized design model,and the realizing technology.Adopting the rules of the design mode,the paper proposes transaction management procedures at the core interface management,equipment management,transmission management,parameter management,and log management system integration program.


8 up of 3.5 years (range 6.5 – 0.5 years), improvements in all functional outcomes were noted. Progressive re-innervation of facial skin and muscles improved or enabled eating, speaking and the ability to produce facial expressions and experience facial sensation. There was significant increase in upper airway volumes, leading to improvements in breathing and smelling. All artificial airways and feeding tubes were removed. In the remaining FT recipients from the peer-reviewed literature, the abilities to smell, eat and feel were improved in 100% of cases, whereas the abilities to breath, speak and grimace were ameliorated in 93%, 71% and 76%, respectively. Almost 60% of outcomes were not reported in the scientific literature.