User Interface (UI) design remains an open, wicked, complex and multifaceted problem, owing to the ever increasing variability of design options resulting from multiple contexts of use, i.e., various end-users, heterogeneous devices and computing platforms, as well as their varying environments. Designing multiple UIs for multiple contexts of use inevitably requires an ever growing amount of time and resources that not all organizations are able to afford. Moreover, UI design choices stand on end-users' needs elicitation, which are recognized to be difficult to evaluate precisely upfront and which require iterative design cycles. All this complex variability should be managed efficiently to maintain time and resources to an acceptable level. To address these challenges, this article proposes a variability management approach integrated into a UI rapid prototyping process, which involves the combination of Model-Driven Engineering, Software Product Lines and Interactive Genetic Algorithms. J. Martinez ( ) • T. Ziadi Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Paris, France e-mail: email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com J.-S. Sottet Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg e-mail: email@example.com A.G. Frey Yotako S.A., 9 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg e-mail: email@example.com T. Bissyandé • J. Klein • Y. Le Traon Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com J. Vanderdonckt Louvain School of Management, Université catholique de Louvain, Place des Doyens, 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 J.-S. Sottet et al. (eds.), Human Centered Software Product Lines, Human–Computer Interaction Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-60947-8_3 81 82 J. Martinez et al.


Blood pressure variability (BPV) is a novel parameter related to adverse cardiovascular findings and events, especially in hypertensive patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between short‐term BPV and ascending aortic dilatation (AAD).


Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is one kind of frequently occurred emergency in Intensive Care Unite with a high mortality. The underlying causes are uncontrolled inflammatory reactions and intractable hypoxemia, which are difficult to control and improve. In the past 10 years, gas medical studies have found that both hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules have protective effects on acute lung injury by improving inflammatory reactions and hypoxia, respectively. Oxygen is an oxidant and hydrogen is an antioxidant. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of above two‐gas molecular on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ‐induced acute lung injury.


The present experiments were performed to determine the influence of intravenous administration of renin substrate on plasma angiotensin II levels and mean arterial blood pressure in conscious C57BL/6J mice. Mice with chronic indwelling femoral arterial and venous catheters were acutely or chronically administered intravenous doses of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 14 amino acids on the N‐terminal of angiotensinogen. A dose‐dependent increase in arterial blood pressure was observed as the intravenous bolus dose of the renin substrate was increased from 0.18 to 180 nmol kg−1 with a maximal increase in pressure of 40 ± 3 mmHg achieved following administration of the 18 nmol kg−1 bolus (n= 11). Additional experiments demonstrated that a sustained intravenous infusion of the renin substrate led to a long‐term increase in arterial blood pressure. The continuous infusion of renin substrate at 0.05 nmol kg−1 min−1 for 3 days did not alter arterial blood pressure from the control level of 119 ± 5 mmHg (n= 5); however, arterial blood pressure significantly increased to 129 ± 6 mmHg with an infusion rate of 0.5 nmol kg−1 min−1 and further increased to 141 ± 3 mmHg when the renin substrate infusion was increased to 5.0 nmol kg−1 min−1. Finally, the infusion of renin substrate at 5.0 nmol kg−1 min−1 resulted in a significant increase in plasma angiotensin II concentration from 34 ± 6 pg ml−1 in vehicle‐infused mice to 288 ± 109 pg ml−1. These results demonstrate that modulation of the circulating level of angiotensinogen can alter the plasma angiotensin II level and arterial blood pressure in normal animals.


Security is always relevant, especially for particularly important objects. However at present the tasks of quantitative assessment of complex safety are solved, as a rule, locally for each object due to the absence of generalized methodology. At all fundamentality of statement of tasks of estimation of complex safety of especially important objects in regulating documents they have mainly declarative character. In this study we made an attempt to synthesize a mathematical model of quantitative assessment of integrated security of critical facilities on the basis of fuzzypossibility approach (FPL), using the knowledge and experience of experts. In this case, the methodology of FEA provides the representation of expert knowledge by fuzzy linguistic variables in a multidimensional factor space, followed by their formalization by a fuzzypossibility model.


Control theory is a young branch of mathematics that has developed mostly in the realm of engineering problems. It is splitted in two major branches; control theory of problems described by partial differential equations where control are exercized either by boundary terms and/or inhomogeneous terms and where the objective functionals are mostly quadratic forms; and control theory of problems described by parameter dependent ordinary differential equations. In this case it is more frequent to deal with non-linear systems and non-quadratic objective functionals [49]. In spite that control theory can be consider part of the general theory of differential equations, the problems that inspires it and some of the results obtained so far, have configured a theory with a strong and definite personality that is already offering interesting returns to its ancestors. For instance, the geometrization of nonlinear affine-input control theory problems by introducing Lie-geometrical methods into its analysis started already by R. Brockett [9] is inspiring classical Riemannian geometry and creating what is called today subriemannian geometry. In any case, the breadth of mathematics involved in modern control theory is so promising that mathematicians, and in particular "applied" mathematicians, should be aware of their developments, having the total certainty that they will find in this theory an important source of inspiration for their research. In this review article we present a panorama of modern geometrical optimal control theory for dynamical systems. Optimal control theory for dynamical systems is perhaps, inside the vast subject of control theory, one of the oldest


This thesis is an attempt to provide academically supported answers to practically important questions and aims to capture qualitative benefits of IPSASs-like reforms. In a first and second instance, it concentrates on IPSASs implementation effects in Switzerland. The research focus pertains to Swiss states which have been currently undertaken by IPSASs-like reforms. In a third and fourth instance, the thesis examines the international adoption of the IPSASs, with the research focus being UN System Organizations and selected OECD member countries. This thesis is split into three sections. While Section 1 introduces the overall topic of the thesis and outlines the structure, Section 2 puts the thesis in a theoretical framework. Section 2 also outlines and presents the global spread of IPSASs adoption and identifies a need to further elaborate IPSASs implementation effects. In essence, it states four major research objectives which all address fundamental research questions dedicated to better understanding IPSASs implementation. The third section presents four chapters pertaining to meet the stated research objectives. In summary, this thesis found supportive empirical arguments in favor of IPSASs adoption. We found evidence that the IPSASs bear the capacity to develop and shape decision-making processes and that it has positive effects on accountability and transparency. Furthermore, there is evidence that the IPSASs have the ability to raise management debates about core revenue streams, particularly in the context of UN System Organizations. Together with these findings, the thesis provides additional information for practitioners, specifically government officials, public financial management experts and international consultants concerned about the impact of the IPSASs. However, it is worth emphasizing that this dissertation does not aim to convince any IPSASs-pessimistic exponent to begin or proceed with IPSASs-style reforms. Although academic literature in general – and this thesis in specific – finds supportive arguments in favor of implementing IPSASs, critical counterarguments remain.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a disk inspection method capable of shortening an inspection time by measuring a time when the rotational speed of an inserted disk reaches normal speed and inspecting the outside diameter of the disk. SOLUTION: A DSP 16 drives a spindle motor 12 in response to the command of a microcomputer 14. A pickup device 13 transmits the data of a disk 11 rotated when the disk 11 starts its revolution to an SSP 15. The SSP 15 reads data and transmits them to the DSP 16. When data are transmitted, the DSP 16 controls the rotational speed of a motor 12, increases rotational speed until the revolution of the disk 11 reaches normal speed, and sends a specified signal to the microcomputer 14. The microcomputer 14 measures a required time until the rotational speed of the disk 11 reaches normal speed, and recognizes the disk as the disk having a relatively small outside diameter when the measured required time is shorter than a set reference time, and recognizes the disk having a relatively large outside diameter when the measured required time is longer. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


A method for the determination of trans-fatty acids in vegetable butter by microwave-assisted extraction coupled with gas chromatography(GC) was developed.The optimum conditions for extraction,such as extraction time and temperature,types and volume of extraction solvent were studied.The fatty acid methyl esters content was measured with GC by using retention times to qualitatively analyze and tridecanoic acid as a internal standard to quantitatively analyze.The extraction and methylation of fat and the extraction of methyl esters could be completed synchronously.The trans-fatty acids in vegetable butter could be separated effectively.The method developed was rapid,efficient and accurate,and the method could be used to determine the trace trans-fatty acids in food.


terms. The authors of this volume have taken this approach, aiming to understand the forms of warfare conducted by ancient societies and the ways in which these forms reflect cultural ideologies. Further to this, there is an understanding that ways of war have changed in form and varied over time as societies have evolved. In short, the authors of this volume, as noted in the chapter on "Themes in the Archaeological Study of War," take a much more complex view of warfare in ancient society. The older notion of an unsophisticated linear influence of warfare on social development has been abandoned in favor of one stressing a more complex and reflexive interrelationship between war and social change. To sum up, this volume has a great deal to offer archaeologists who are interested in ancient warfare. Because the contents are organized thematically, and yet the individual contributions range widely in the way the authors demonstrate the impact and structure of warfare in the various cultures under study, the reader will be exposed to a number of ways in which warfare has affected, and been affected by, ancient peoples.


Many procedures have been developed to measure the concentration of monomethylmercury (MeHg) from different sample matrices, and the use of stable isotopes of mercury now provides opportunities to determine its formation and degradation rates. Here, a modified procedure for measuring mercury isotopes in sediment samples that uses acid leaching‐ion exchange‐thiosulfate extraction (TSE) to isolate and purify the methylated mercury from the matrix is proposed. The latter is followed by aqueous‐phase ethylation, purge and trap on Tenax, gas chromatography separation of ethylated mercury compounds, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. The new TSE procedure bridges together two well‐known methods, the acid‐leaching and distillation‐derivatization procedures, offering the advantages of artifact‐free formation of the first, and low detection limits and the possibility of quantification of individual isotopes of mercury of the second. The modified procedure retains the derivatization, purge and trap, and gas chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC‐ICP‐MS) detection steps from the distillation‐derivatization procedure, and eliminates the distillation step, which is not only laborious but also expensive, due to the high cost of installation and time‐consuming cleaning process. Major advantages of the TSE procedure proposed include the extraction and analysis of a large number of samples in a short time, excellent analyte recoveries, and the lack of artifact formation. Sediment certified reference materials (CRMs), BCR 580 and IAEA 405, were used to test the TSE procedure accuracy. Recoveries between 94 to 106% and 95 to 96% were obtained for CRMs and spiked samples (Milli‐Q® water), respectively. Comparisons among thiosulfate extraction, distillation, and acid‐leaching procedures have shown good agreement of methylmercury values. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1256–1262. © 2010 SETAC


Maize, soyabean and pigeon pea were inter-planted with a juvenile oil palm plantation in 1999-2002 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7°15'N, 3°25', altitude 144m above sea level) to evaluate the growth of the interplanted oil palm as well as yield and overall economic returns from the inter-planted food crops. The treatments were: oil palm/maize/soyabean/pigeon pea, oil palm/maize/pigeon pea, oil palm/maize/soyabean and oil palm/maize grown with or without 125kg ha -I of a compound fertilizer N: P: K (20:10:10). Intercropping of oil palm with food crops had no significant effect on the plant height and canopy width of the oil palm, but significantly (p Keywords : intercropping, food crops, maize, oil palm, pigeon pea, soybean Moor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 5(1) 2004: 41-48


Modern technology enables us to create novel devices and provide exciting new user experiences. In today's world where few people get engaged to physical activities regularly and in the amounts recommended by the doctors, it is important to find ways to encourage more active lifestyles. As fun, enjoyment and social aspects of the activity have a great impact on the decision on whether to exercise or not, it is wise to unite the two fields of technology and sports. Augmented Dodgeball was designed to enrich the experience of playing dodgeball and make it more attractive to participants. Specifically we focused on designing a physical game that players with different skill levels and physiology could enjoy playing together. For balancing between the players, virtual parameters that the players are aware of are used. In this paper we describe the game design and the development of the Dodgeball Game simulator as well as the observations and results from the play test.


[Objective]To detect and analyze the radionuclide contamination on body surface of the persons returned from Japan after the nuclear leak accident.[Methods]Personnel passport numbers,flight numbers,identity cards and other documents were verified for screening the returnees from Japan.Alpha,beta and gamma radionuclide contamination were detected among the suspected persons.[Results]The levels of surface radionuclide contamination of returnees were close to the background level and much less than 3 times of the natural background level provided in Treatment program of radionuclide contamination on body surface issued by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.There were no significant differences in α,β andγradioactive contamination levels among the test groups(including the site background group)(P0.05)[.Conclusion] The levels of radionuclide contamination on body surface of returnees from Japan after the nuclear leak accident were close to the natural background and did not pose any health hazards.


Abstract : Expulsion of hemin from horseradish peroxidase at pH 2.1 is accompained by aggregation of the protein. The process is completely reversible after short periods in acid and is partially reversible after long periods (48 hours). On gel filtration of peroxidase immediately after acidification, hemin and the protein elute together. Apoperoxidase (pH 2.1) elutes much later (about the same elution volume as neutral enzyme) than peroxidase (pH 2.1) indicating a hemin requirement for the aggregation. Analytical sedimentation velocity and sucrose density gradient sedimentation of peroxidase immediately after acidification reveal a 7.8S component with both 400-nm and 280-nm absorbance and a 4S component with 280-nm abosrbance. Sedimentation velocity studies of hemin in the presence of bovine serum albumin or rabbit immunoglobulin G reveal hemin aggregation without hemin precipitation or protein aggregation. A molecular weight of about 80,000 for the peroxidase-hemin aggregate has been determined by membrane osmometry.


The world of Islamic science expresses three big waves in its history, namely: ancient times, mid era, and modern era. In the top boring as users of modern era, it arises an idea of "knowledge Islamization" which is philosophically in problem with norms and global challenge, or between absolute doctrine and historical reality. While in Indonesia it bears the effort to reconstruct Islamic sciences symetrically with the status change of IAIN and STAIN becoming UIN in 2004. Historically, the reality has been based on the reconstructive and integrative idea of scientists in Yogyakarta in 2003. This case indicates some challenging agenda, modification, and the needs of Ijtihad in the setting of historitical dialectics. There are some problem as background, forms of responses, and the raising of Ijtihad. The future ideal hope and the implication for Islamic studies institution are things that come after. This is urgent and interesting to study side by side the need of understanding the skecth of Islamic science development by taking philosophy of modern theory of science into account.


In order to improve ship control performance, reduce ship energy consumption when ship navigates at low speed in inward-and-outward shallow water under strong wind and wave disturbance, third-order Nomoto model was chosen, ship speed and water depth were reflected into the changes of its parameters, a robust PID controller with adaptability based on closed-loop gain shaping algorithm was designed. The nonlinear mathematical model of ship motion with wind and wave disturbance was built and realized through programming its S-function. The designed PID controller was used to control the nonlinear mathematical model of ship motion in the conditions of various water depths, ship speeds and sea states. The simulation result shows that the course-tracking effect is satisfactory, the steady state error is zero, the rudder angle is reasonable, and the designed controller has good performance for the nonlinear mathematical model.


Silicone rubber adhesive films or sheets are obtained by sheeting a composition comprising 100 parts by weight of organopolysiloxane gum, 30 to 150 parts by weight of wet-process hydrophobic reinforcing silica, a curing agent, and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of an organoalkox ysilane. These uncured sheets have a tensile strength at break of from 1.5 to 5 kg/cm2. The adhesive films are characterized by simplicity in handling and an excellent workability combined with excellent tensile adhesive strength. They tightly bond and unify adherend pairs and are particularly suitable for bonding flat surface, such as fabrics, glass, and rubber sheets.


In this paper, two views for mentally representing referents of plural expressions are contrasted, (a) the atomic-tokens view, according to which the denotation of a plural expression is represented by a number of distinct tokens, and (b) the assemblage-token view, according to which it is represented as a single whole. Linguistic data suggest that the atomic-tokens view is appropriate for partitive plural NPs (e.g., most of the orphans ; both of the cars) and functionally similar expressions (e.g., most orphans ; both), whereas the assemblage-token view is appropriate for unmarked plural expressions (e.g., the orphans, my cars, they). This conjecture was investigated in two experiments with German participants, contrasting the pronoun sie (they) and the partitive pronoun beide (both). In Experiment 1, off-line tasks were used to investigate whether the interpretation of a sentence's predicate depends on the pronoun used in the grammatical subject position. In Experiment 2, participants read texts containing a pronoun in different contexts, and sentence reading times were measured to find out whether or not the pronoun triggered a grouping of the individuals referred to. The results support the hypotheses derived from linguistic analyses.


Fig. 2: DWAF (RQS) numbering convention for 1:500 000 rivers of South Africa. Understanding the longitudinal variation of physical characteristics and associated biological distributions down the length of a river provides a framework for classification that can be used to describe similar streams, while still retaining the idea of longitudinal change down the system. Channel slope also contributes to studies of prevailing river habitat integrity it provides a broad indicator of habitat types (such as pools and rapids) in a river section, thereby affording some indication of the biota (e.g. fish species) that may be expected to be present.


Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has biocompatibility and osteoconductive property, but it has some drawbacks, such as wash-out and rigid and brittle properties. Such drawbacks can be overcome by fast-setting and gelation of the CPC paste. The CPC powder is a mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate dehydrate. A low or medium molecular weight chitosan (lowor med-chitosan) and malic acid solution were used in the liquid phase to develop fast-setting and high work-of-fracture CPC materials. The incorporation of 1.25 2.5 wt% chitosan increased a tripled work-of-fracture to 12.0 kJ/m when not using chitosan. The setting time was 2.8±0.3 min and 5.5±0.5 min when 2.5 wt% lowor med-chitosan was used, respectively. The "non-rigid" and "fast-setting" CPC cement was successfully obtained by adding chitosan and malic acid to the liquid phase, and the incorporation of med-chitosan may produce a high work-of-fracture and stable CPC with a desirable setting time. (Received March 31, 2016; Accepted May 2, 2016)


An accurate system of identifying measles cases is critical for the measles surveillance system. The objectives were: 1) To determine the incidence rate of measles in Larut, Matang and Selama district in Perak from 2015 to 2019 2) To evaluate the measles clinical case definition by comparing the performance of the measles clinical case definition in predicting laboratory-confirmed measles case. A cross-sectional analysis was carried out looking at all suspected and laboratory-confirmed measles cases in Larut, Matang and Selama District registered on the online measles surveillance reporting system between 2015 to 2019. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the clinical case definition as confirmed by the laboratory result were calculated. The incidence rate for suspected measles showed an increasing trend from 3.96 per 100,000 population in 2015 to 28.82 per 100,000 population in 2019. For laboratory-confirmed measles cases, the incidence rate showed more variation with an increase to 36.11 per million population in 2017 from 5.67 per million population in 2015. The incidence rate later decreased to 10.99 per million population in 2018 and increased again to 24.47 per million population in 2019. The sensitivity of the clinical case definition in confirming measles was 86.67% (95% CI: 69.28%, 96.24%) , specificity 47.52% (95% CI: 41.56%, 53.52%), positive predictive value 14.95% (95% CI 12.81%, 17.36%)  and negative predictive value 97.10% (93.03%, 98.83%). Measles incidence is increasing in trend. The clinical case definition is an effective tool to rule out measles in cases that failed to meet the criteria due to the high negative predictive value of the definition. However, for cases that meet the clinical case definition, laboratory confirmation or epidemiological link to a confirmed case is needed.


This project is a study on determination of fracture strain using stress relaxation method. The objectives of this project are to determine fracture strain of API X65 using stress relaxation method and to investigate the effect of true stress-strain data on failure initiation point. This project involves both analysis and experiment of the API X65 steel using tensile test and MSc Marc 2008 r1 software. This project will determine fracture of ductile material using stress relaxation method. For validation, simulated results using stress relaxation method are compared with the experimental data for API X65 steel. Advantages in the use of the stress relaxation method for practical used are discussed. The results show that good comparison between simulation and experimental results support the method of stress relaxation method.


The distribution of metal contaminants between different size fractions of marine sediments is well known. However, the use of size normalization techniques may alter the ability or usefulness in identifying potential sources in complex environments. In a reassessment of metal data from the shelf area of Sydney, Australia, the mud and sand fractions were investigated separately by PCA and PLS methodologies. The analyses were able to produce clear distinctions between industrial/urban sources when based on a suite of metals rather than individual (single-element) concentrations. Signature analysis by PLS with copper, lead, zinc, manganese, chromium, cobalt, nickel, and cadmium demonstrated the dispersion of the fine-grained contaminated material to the south in the East Australian Current. However, due to the commonality between many of the metals, a subset of four metals was used to define the signature. This significantly improved separation, showing clear plumes extending ∼30 km from the source rivers.


Purpose – The aim of this case study is to describe a project created to enhance e‐research support activities within an Australian university. Within the university sector, e‐research support activities are becoming more sophisticated due to increased research activity and funding both nationally and internationally.Design/methodology/approach – The paper case studies a project undertaken within an academic library to increase its capacity to offer e‐research support to the research community. The university's research community and research support staff are key players in this project.Findings – The outcomes of the project have been successfully achieved. However, the project work should continue and ideally become core business in order to keep pace with developments in e‐research. The continual skills development of the university's researchers and research support staff in e‐research is imperative in the university becoming a competitive research institution.Research limitations/implications – Altho...


Space-based assets have been integrated into a sensor web to monitor flooding in Thailand. In this approach, the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer data from the Terra and Aqua satellites are...


The goal of service recovery is to make immediate response when service failures result in customer dissatisfaction or complaints. However, it is difficult to detect service failures and customer dissatisfactions easily because customers might not express their true reception. Hence, this study builds a logistical regression model to detect the effectiveness of service and provide service recovery suggestions when customer satisfaction level is not achieved. A health management motion sport game is applied to present the proposed method. An experiment is conducted to collected objective physiological data (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) and subjective user ratings of perceived exertion after the sport game. The contribution of this study mainly focuses on the usage of the logistical regression model built to assure the effectiveness of exercise. Hence, the users can follow the results of the suggestions, which are in accordance with different effectiveness of exercise, suited for them to effectively maintain good health status.


It is well-known that one of the most important ways of constructing cohomology for an arithmetic quotient Γ\X, where X is the symmetric space associated with a semi-simple Lie group G with finite center and Γ is a discrete subgroup of G, is through the use of Matsushima's formula, namely by exhibiting irreducible unitary representations with non-zero continuous cohomology which occur in L2(Γ\G). (See [BW].) In this connection, the machinery of theta correspondence plays a major role, and the technique of lifting a discrete series representation of G′, where (G′, G) forms a dual pair, proves to be an especially powerful tool. The basis of such applications lies in the fact that when G′ is relatively small compared to G, a sufficiently regular discrete series representation of G′ will be lifted to a unitary representation of G with non-zero cohomology ([RS], [Ad], [Li2]). Examples of such applications were given by Kazhdan [Ka] (from U(1) to SU(n, 1)), Borel-Wallach [BW] (from U(1) to SU(p, q)), Anderson [An] (with G′ compact), and in general by Li for reductive dual pairs of type 1 [Li3]. We note that all the representations of G′ × G involved in these applications are in the discrete spectrum of the restriction of the oscillator representation, and are automatically unitary.


Study selection and assessment: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared mammography screening with no mammography screening in women without previously diagnosed breast cancer. 7 trials met the selection criteria; 2 had adequate randomisation, 4 had sub-optimal randomisation, and 1 was not adequately randomised. Separate analyses were done for adequately and sub-optimally randomised trials.


Secessionist, jihadist and statist political projects in northern Mali must now be interpreted in the light of dynamics of protection and extraction. In particular, the customary system of the droits de passage (rights of passage) has been transformed by the leap in scale and nature of traditional desert contraband. New actors have arisen, while others have been sidelined as various groups contend for the protection of illicit trade.


A method of soil vibration cutting resistance reduction was proposed for deep-loosing.Example for the compression soil of Zhejiang Longjing tea garden,a soil static cutting mechanics model and soil-cutting yield failure mode were studied in this paper.According to the interaction process of deep shovel-soil,the static cutting resistance changes of deep shovel was analyzed by 3D finite element model with algorithm of ALE.Furthermore,the influences of soil-cutting resistance on the vibration source type,the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude were also studied.As an example of a compaction soil in tea garden,the influences of soil resistance reduction with difference vibration cutting conditions was studied.It showed that the soil resistance reduced with the vibration frequency and amplitude increased,and soil cutting resistance was up to minimum.Case analysis showed that with the vibration frequency of 25 Hz,and the amplitude of 14 mm,the soil cutting resistance could be reduced by 22%.So,above-mentioned studies provided a design basis of soil cutting resistance reduction with vibration exciting,and parameter optimization of tillage impressed vibration source.


Challenges faced by the shipping industry for effective implementation of the BWM Convention are identified in this technical paper and also proposals are provided to address those challenges.


When does one stop calling a writer "young"? That is hard to know. Leo Tolstoy wrote Childhood [Detstvo] when he was twenty-three; but as I understand it, he was never ranked among "the young," as we now use the phrase. However, Vasilii Aksenov or Andrei Voznesensky, despite the fact that they are thirty-seven, are still "young." The present author was regarded as "young" until he was forty-five, and then graduated to the "middle generation." How does one leap into the "senior" class? What does this take? To begin to write memoirs? To do a "History of My Contemporary" or "Past and Thoughts"? (These, incidentally, were begun when Herzen was forty.) Well, and what if one does not have the guts? I can answer exactly. I know. One has to begin to write recollections of one's encounters with famous people. This testifies to solidity. If, in addition, one begins to cite in these reminiscences passages from correspondence with the reader (not selected passages, for God's sake!), then one becomes even more substan...


The photolysis of ethyl azidoformate in ethers gave N-alkoxy-urethanes accompanied by ethoxycarbonylaminoethers, insertion products of ethoxycarbonylnitrene into the C–H bonds of ethers. The formation of N-alkoxyurethanes gives a support to a mechanism in which an O–N ylide is included as an intermediate of α-C–H insertion reaction.


This article investigates the claim that debt finance can increase firm value by curtailing managers' access to 'free cash flow.' The author first shows that incentive contracts that tie the managers' pay to stockholder wealth are often a superior solution to the free cash flow problem. He then considers the possibility that the manager can trade on secondary capital markets. Liquid secondary markets are shown to undermine management incentive schemes and, in many cases, to restore the value of debt finance in controlling the free cash flow problem. Copyright 1997 by American Finance Association.


This paper presents techniques to accelerate the exploration of advanced memory links through IBIS-AMI modelling of the transmitter and receiver. The results show over 1000× CPU time speed improvement compared to full transistor level SPICE simulations while providing a fair representation of the interface performance. To demonstrate the versatility the IBIS-AMI for memory interfaces, data transmission at 2.4 Gbps and 6.4 Gbps, over the same multidrop channel with different equalization features, are presented.


This study examines the forecast accuracy of fuzzy time series and grey theory in predicting annual U.S. tourist arrivals. The performance of the two artificial intelligence (AI) models is compared to that of two simple methods—double moving average and double exponential smoothing. The rigorous testing approach includes a large sample stratified to adequately represent four generic trend patterns: a rolling short-term forecast, a large holdout sample, models fitting with both equal number of years and optimal number of years, and tests of statistical significance using Wilcoxon's signed-ranks nonparametric test. This study's findings indicate, in contrast to recent findings, that the complicated models are not likely to generate a more accurate forecast than the simple traditional models. Given the notable cost associated with these AI forecasting methods, our finding of no significant accuracy advantage suggests that tourism forecasters should not rush to adopt these two methods without careful consideration.


The increasing complexity of a vehicle's digital architecture has created new opportunities to revolutionize the maintenance paradigm. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) assisted maintenance system is a promising solution to enhance efficiency and reduce costs. This review paper studies the research trends in AI-assisted vehicle maintenance via keyword co-occurrence network (KCN) analysis. The KCN methodology is applied to systematically analyze the keywords extracted from 3153 peer-reviewed papers published between 2011 and 2022. The network metrics and trend analysis uncovered important knowledge components and structure of the research field covering AI applications for vehicle maintenance. The emerging and declining research trends in AI models and vehicle maintenance application scenarios were identified through trend visualizations. In summary, this review paper provides a comprehensive high-level overview of AI-assisted vehicle maintenance. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the automotive industry. This paper also highlights potential research opportunities, limitations, and challenges related to AI-assisted vehicle maintenance.


Reports on a type of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) that was developed at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Mechanical Engineering. Its distinguishing feature is its pleated design. Due to this, it has a very high contraction force and an equally high travel. The weight of these pleated PAMs is very low: a muscle of only 60 gr can pull up to 3500 N and contract by 42%. Furthermore, dry friction and associated hysteresis, typical of many other designs, is avoided by the folding-unfolding action. This significantly simplifies position control using these actuators. Although the force-displacement characteristics of our actuators are non-linear, they can be effectively controlled using basic linear PI techniques. Another advantage of these actuators is their inherent and controllable compliance, making them ideally suited for walking/running machines or whenever delicate tasks, e.g. handling fragile objects, have to be performed. In view of all characteristics pleated PAMs are very well suited for automation and robotic applications.


Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.15 No.1 © 2015 Academy of East Asian Studies. 109-129 email of the author: email@example.com 109 Introduction Following the forced opening of Korea to trade in 1876, the government faced a fiscal crisis, an unstable political environment, foreign intervention, and considerable social unrest. Amidst these turbulent circumstances, and in an effort to stabilize the country and maintain sovereignty, the Korean government launched a variety of reform programs. One important component of reform was the establishment of official schools based on Western, specifically American, models. The first modern government school, the Royal English Academy (Yugyŏng Kongwŏn) was established in 1886, but shut its doors a mere eight years later. Existing scholarship on the 1882 to 1895 period emphasizes foreign (particularly Chinese) intervention, the entrenchment of conservative officials, and King Kojong's (r. 1864-1907) ineptitude to explain the failure of the government's initial efforts at educational reform. Framed in terms of Kojong's modernization strategy, this argument holds that the Royal English Academy ended closing down since leadership in the Korean government was not "progressive enough" and was Amidst the turbulent circumstances following the forced "opening" of Korea in 1876, the Korean government launched a variety of reform programs, including the establishment of the Royal English Academy (Yugyŏng Kongwŏn) in 1886, the first modern government school, which lasted only eight years. This paper argues that the most significant factor for its closure was the incompatibility of American educational ideology and pedagogical objectives with the Korean socio-political context. The prospective students who would have been most receptive to a US-style education were the progressive reformers (the Enlightenment Party) since they advocated Western practical learning and technology. Unfortunately their staging of the 1884 Kapsin coup and its subsequent suppression resulted in their systematic elimination and destroyed any possibility of the Royal English Academy finding an enthusiastic student body among the aristocratic yangban who survived the fallout. Unable to attract students, it eventually lapsed under mismanagement, shutting down in 1894.


Wheelchair sports have a tendency to depend on the performance of wheelchairs, and the weight reduction of wheelchairs made of various alloys has helped improve the performance of players. Some players have mentioned, however, that the operability and riding comfort of competition wheelchair have been affected by changing the wheelchair materials; stiffness and weight are considered to be related to operability and riding comfort. In this experiment, we installed some weights on the center of the mass of a competitive wheelchair made of magnesium alloy to be the same mass of a wheelchair made of aluminum alloy; vibrations that occurred on both wheelchairs while driving were measured and compared. The experiment was performed using 3-axis sensors. This experiment showed that the vibration frequency of the wheelchair made of magnesium alloy was different from that made of aluminum alloy. This result was thought to be influenced by the difference in Young's modulus or the specific weight.


Roth's removal theorem is a fundamental result in linear algebra which gives necessary and sufficient conditions for Sylvester's matrix equation to have a solution. Here we show that Roth's theorem is true for lambda matrices and integer matrices thus greatly extending the area of validity of this fundamental result.


In 2001, AES Corporation was the sole bidder in the sale of the Cameroonian electricity company. In accordance with the World Bank's third structural adjustment credit project, the state-owned company was sold. Since then, consumers face regular blackouts and tariff increases and some investments have been made in new generation capacity. A new regulatory body has been set up, but it is not fully operative. With many sub-Saharan countries under similar pressure to sell their public utilities, this paper contributes to the understanding, assessment, and analysis of privatisation reforms. After describing the reform process, the paper assesses the results three years later and a general "institutional endowment" analysis of the power sector is presented. The main conclusion is that due to the weakness of institutions, competition and private ownership cannot be fully relied on, and that government involvement is unavoidable. Some recommendations are made to move beyond the many failures of privatisation.


TPS598 Background: SG is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of an anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) antibody coupled to a topoisomerase-I inhibitor, SN-38, via a hydrolyzable linker. In Cohort 1 of the phase 2 TROPHY-U-01 trial, SG monotherapy resulted in a 27% objective response rate (ORR) and median overall survival (OS) of 10.9 months with an overall manageable toxicity profile in pts with locally advanced or mUC who previously received platinum-based therapy and a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI; Tagawa S, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2021). These results led to accelerated FDA approval of SG in this population. The CPI ZIM is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1. CPIs are active in mUC, including avelumab that is FDA-approved as switch maintenance therapy for locally advanced or mUC that has not progressed with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Cohort 5 of the TROPHY-U-01 trial will evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of SG + ZIM vs ZIM alone vs avelumab as switch maintenance in pts with mUC who have received gemcitabine (GEM)/cisplatin without progressive disease (PD). Methods: TROPHY-U-01 (NCT03547973) is a multicohort, open-label, global, phase 2 trial. Cohort 5 includes pts who have not progressed after completion of 4-6 cycles of GEM/cisplatin. Key eligibility requirements include ≥18 y; ECOG PS 0-1; available tissue for biomarker testing; adequate blood counts without transfusion or growth factor within 2 weeks of study drug initiation; creatinine clearance ≥30 mL/min. A safety lead-in of 6-8 pts will be conducted, where pts will be treated with SG 10 mg/kg IV on D1 and D8 of a 21-D cycle plus ZIM 360 mg IV q3wk on a 21-D cycle. On safety lead-in, if SG + ZIM is deemed safe, pts will be randomized 1:1:1. Those in Arm 1 will receive SG 10 mg/kg IV on D1 and D8 of a 21-D cycle followed by ZIM 360 mg IV, q3wk (D1 of a 21-D cycle). Pts in Arm 2 will receive avelumab 800 mg IV q2wk (D1 of a 14-D cycle). Pts in Arm 3 will receive ZIM 360 mg IV q3wk. All pts will continue treatment until PD, unacceptable toxicity, or loss of clinical benefit. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival based on central review by RECIST 1.1 criteria. Secondary endpoints include OS (all arms), safety/tolerability of SG in combination with ZIM (Arm 1). Cohort 5 aims to enroll an estimated 158 pts. A sample size of 50 pts per randomized arm is determined based on clinical consideration for exploring the activity of anticancer agents. Clinical trial information: NCT03547973 .


This paper aims to discover the general steady-state operation characteristics, as well as improving the dynamic performance, of the modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based unified power flow controller (UPFC). To achieve this, first, we established a detailed power flow model for MMC-based UPFC containing each critical part and made qualitative and graphical analyses combining 2-dimensional operation planes and 3-dimensional spatial curve surfaces comprehensively to derive general power flow principles and offer necessary references for regulating UPFC. Furthermore, to achieve better performance, we designed a feedforward control strategy for the shunt and series converters of UPFC, both comprising two feedforward control blocks with the introduction of necessary compensating branches, and analyzed the performance in complex and time domain, respectively. The proposed power flow principles and control strategies were validated by a (power systems computer aided design) PSCAD model of 220 kV double-end system; the results reveal the MMC-based UPFC can realize the power flow principles and improve the control speed, stability, and precision of the power flow regulations under various conditions.


Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has refused to accept that the protests sweeping his country could have been caused by his own policies. His heavy-handed response risks plunging Turkey into a prolonged period of uncertainty and domestic volatility.


Based on the analysis of the distribution,production,consumption and demand situation of lithium resources in the world,this paper analyzes the degree of protection of lithium resources on the sustainable development of China's economy.Through the analysis of the development trend of lithium application industry,we forecast the amount of lithium demand in China for the next three periods.The results find that the supply and demand of lithium products in the near future will maintain a basic balance,the production capacity of lithium products will be greater than the total demand in the future,and with the healthy development of new energy vehicles and other emerging industries in China,battery manufacturing industry will become the largest market for lithium.We suggest that,in recent time,China's lithium chemical raw materials should mainly import lithium productions,at the same time,China needs to establish a safe and secure system for lithium chemical raw material supply as soon as possible.


In this paper, we proposed a recurrent neural network to compute the distance between a point to an ellipsoid in n spatial dimensions. So far, the problem used to be solved by traditional mathematical algorithms, which is either too slow in computing time or too one-sided in applications. Our proposed neural network , which makes use of a cost gradient projection onto the tangent space of the constraints, not only suitable for the two dimensions problems and three dimensions problems but also can compute the distance from a point to a hyperellipsoid. The numerical results shows that the proposed method is efficient and effective.


The miracle fruit plant or miracle berry plant (Synsepalum dulcificum or Richadelladulcifica) is a unique medicinal plant with characteristics of taste-modifying function due to the presence of the glycoprotein miraculin. It also has high antioxidant effect. Alkaloids, vitamins, vegetable oil, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and amino acids are among the biologically active components found in the fruit. This fruit is not much known in all places of the world, so it will be used to treat a variety of medical conditions. Pharmacological medicine has proven that not only the fruit but also the other parts of the plant are helpful, based on their phytochemical properties. This fruit can be used in the baking food items, drinks, cosmetics, medicines, and coloring agents. In this article, we (authors) intend to describe on cultivation, phytochemistry, mechanism of action, extraction, purification, and preservation of fruit, as well as its nutritional and pharmacological benefits, applications in numerous fields, limitations, and future prospects. It is hard to believe that this berry is still unexplored for its use in medical area.


Backgrounds/Aims Additional surgical procedures are often required in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) related complications. The present study aims to analyze the type of additional procedures required in patients who underwent Frey's procedure (Frey's plus) and to compare the short-term outcomes and quality of life with patients who underwent only Frey's procedure. Methods Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent surgery for CP between January 2012 and February 2018 and completed at least one year of follow-up. Patients who underwent non-Frey's surgical procedures were excluded. Clinical parameters, postoperative pain relief (using Izbicki pain score) and functioning scale score (EORTC QLQ C30) of patients who underwent Frey's plus procedure and only Frey's procedure were compared. Results Of the 146 patients who underwent surgery for CP during the study period, 100 patients (Frey's procedure–68, Frey's plus procedure–32) were included in this study. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was the commonly performed additional procedure (n=12). The demographic and clinical parameters were comparable, except for more patients with jaundice (28.1% vs. 2.9%, p=0.01) and prolonged operative time (374.6 mins vs. 326.3 mins, p=0.01) in Frey's plus group. However, there was no significant difference in mean intraoperative blood loss, postoperative morbidity or duration of hospital stay. At median (range) follow up of 34 (12-86) months, there was no significant difference in the pain control and quality of life between two groups. Conclusions Frey's plus procedure for chronic pancreatitis can be safely performed wherever indicated without adversely affecting the postoperative outcome or quality of life.


Christian Wolff (born in 1934, Nice, France) is a composer, teacher and sometime performer. Since 1941 he has lived in the United States. He studied piano with Grete Sultan and, briefly, composition with John Cage, in whose company, along with Morton Feldman, then David Tudor and Earle Brown, his work found inspiration and encouragement, as it did subsequently from association with Frederic Rzewski and Cornelius Cardew. He has also had a long association with Merce Cunningham and his dance company. As an improviser he has played with the English group AMM, Christian Marclay, Takehisa Kosugi, Steve Lacy, Larry Polansky, Keith Rowe, Kui Dong, Ikue Mori and Robyn Schulkowsky. Academically trained as a classicist, he has taught at Harvard and, from 1971 to 1999, in classics, comparative literature, and music at Dartmouth College.


This study aims to develop a knowledge navigation framework based on realistic 3D in order to get coaching and advice in real time and recognize multi-relation easily and retrieve on the basis of compound knowledge objects. To do so, it proposed the methods of 3D visualization of compound knowledge, intellectual retrieval, and construction of compound knowledge repository.


An extreme degree of disparity may arise between left and right images in stereo image data which is photographed as is by a stereo photography device, owing to such factors as photography conditions and the positioning of subjects within a scene. Said disparity may cause viewers discomfort or fatigue when viewing said stereo image data. Thus, provided is an image capture device, comprising: an image capture unit which generates photographic image data which includes reference image data, first disparity image data including a first disparity in one direction with respect to a subject image of the reference image data, and second disparity image data including a second disparity in another direction which is the opposite of the one direction, said reference image data, first disparity image data and second disparity image data being generated by image capturing a given scene; an adjustment condition acquisition unit which acquires an adjustment condition relating to a disparity quantity adjustment; and an image processing unit which, by processing, on the basis of the adjustment condition, the reference image data, the first disparity image data, and the second disparity image data, generates third disparity image data including a third disparity which differs from the first disparity in the one direction, and fourth disparity image data including a fourth disparity which differs from the second disparity in the other direction.


Introduction: Mawrth Vallis is one of the oldest outflow channels on Mars, cutting through Noachianaged terrain on the border of the southern highlands and northern lowlands at ~25°N, -20°W [1, 2]. OMEGA detected large exposures of the phyllosilicates nontronite and montmorillonite in this region [36]. CRISM has refined these observations with the detection of an Fe/Mg-phyllosilicate such as Mgnontronite, hydrated silica, and kaolinite in addition to nontronite and montmorillonite [7-10]. However, the montmorillonite and kaolinite spectra appear to be mixed with another material, possibly hydrated silica [7, 11]. We have prepared laboratory mixtures of a) montmorillonite and obsidian, b) kaolinite with montmorillonite, and c) kaolinite with altered ash from Kilauea dominated by opal-A in order to better characterize the CRISM spectra collected at Mawrth Vallis having a band near 2.2 μm. Methods: Kaolinite (KGa) and montmorillonite (SWy) were sieved to <125 μm and then mixed at intervals of 25 wt%, from pure montmorillonite to pure kaolinite, with additional measurements at 15, 30, 40, and 60 wt% kaolinite. The mixtures were then sieved to <125 μm to homogenize the mixture and break up any clumps that may have formed. Kaolinite (KGa) and hydrated silica (SiOH) from Kilauea were sieved to <125 μm then mixed at 25 wt% intervals, with additional mixtures at 30 and 40 wt% kaolinite, and then sieved again. Montmorillonite and obsidian were sieved to <125 μm and mixtures prepared of 2, 5, 8, 10, 20, 50, and 80 wt% montmorillonite. The spectra were then measured in the lab relative to spectralon using a contact-probe ASD handheld spectrometer. The laboratory spectra were then compared to spectra previously collected from CRISM images [7, 8]. Results of Mixture Studies: We have focused here on the ~2.2 μm absorption feature due to a combination of the OH stretching and bending modes since the greatest change in spectral features is observed at this wavelength. In all cases, the 1.4 and 1.9 μm hydration features are reduced in strength as the amount of phyllosilicate decreases. Montmorillonite-obsidian. Montmorillonite spectra have an absorption at 2.210 μm due to Al2OH and obsidian spectra have a broader absorption centered at 2.216 μm due to SiOH species; therefore, the band center of the mixtures does not shift greatly (fig. 1). However, since the obsidian feature is broader, the maximum inflection point on the longward side shifts to longer wavelengths with decreasing amounts of montmorillonite. At 50 wt% montmorillonite the inflection is still in the same position as for pure montmorillonite, but is not as sharp. At 20 wt% it is in an intermediate position, at 10 wt% it is slightly shorter than pure obsidian, and at 8 wt% it is in the same position as pure obsidian (fig. 1).


A two-dimensional model of the Weis-Fogh Mechanism, a mechanism for the hovering flight of small insects, is applied to ship propulsion. A model of the propulsion mechanism consisting of one or two wings in a square channel is proposed. The thrust and the drag on the wing--which are defined, respectively, as the force in the direction of progress of the ship and that of movement of the wing--are measured. The propulsive efficiency is calculated and is high when the moving speed of the wing is small compared with the advancing speed of the ship. It is told how a model ship equipped with this propulsion mechanism was made and working tests performed. The applicability of this propulsion mechanism to actual ships is expected to be good.


A stability compensation method for low-load-capacitor low dropout regulator (LDO) is presented. A ldquozeropsilas frequency trackingrdquo as well as ldquonon-dominant parasitic polespsila frequency reshapingrdquo are performed to obtain nearly first order system behavior out of several quite unmanageable locations of pole-zero frequencies of uncompensated system. The LDO consumes 170 muA (including the consumption of reference circuit) over full load current range and is implemented on 0.13 mum CMOS technology.


To improve the performance of the sport of fighting degree of course is supported by the physical ability, technique, tactics and strategic in fighting. Physical ability is the basic capital that each athlete must have, so in every coaching program it always starts with an emphasis on physical training of every athlete. Adpun one of the indicators of physical condition that is needed is good agility kicks and punches, so it takes a special training especially those associated with kicks. In connection with it can be formulated a problem that is there any influence of Double Leg Run Ladder Exercise Against Agility Side Cycling In Tarung Derajat Mamben Lombok Timur Year 2017? Based on that, the purpose of this research is to know the effect of Double Run Leg Run Ladder Exercise Against Agility on Side Sampling at Tarung Derajat Mamben Lombok Timur Year 2017. To reach the goal, the researcher uses quantitative method and action test with one group design pree test poos test , and the number of samples used in this study were as many as 20 people and the data analysis used was an inferential statistical technique with the t-test formula. Based on the results of data analysis in this study it can be drawn a conclusion that "There is Influence of Double Leg Run Ladder Exercise Against Agility Side Attack On Member Tarung Degrees Mamben East Lombok Year 2017


The article shows traditions of public training of peasant children in comparative aspect of two cultures Russian and Chinese. The author makes a conclusion about accommodation of necessary skills for future life of peasant children. That was based on the process of family cultivation, children got system of traditional norms and values, one of which was work the most important value. Following the analysis there is a conclusion based on the researching of childhood ethnography, of Russian and Chinese proverbs concerning children and texts-memoirs of peasants. In this article there is values orientations concerning international and national peculiarities.


Assuming that French semiotics allows the analyzis of several languages and textual genres, women's ways of life were sought to be verified in the legal discourse, in the main Brazilian laws related to women, from some articles belonging to the Civil Code of 1916 to the advent of the Law 11340, known as "Maria da Penha" Law, which was published on August 7th, 2006. For this reason, considerations about the relationship between semiotics and law were made, since legal texts were considered to belong to the legislative field, according to E. Landowski's studies on socio-semiotics. Also, it was considered that the advent of a law is an event that somehow, or at least in a collective and a potential way, breaks a routine, for all citizens usually must know and obey the current laws of their county. It is believed that it is possible to demonstrate semiotic practices and stereotypes manifested in each legal text with regard to women's ways of life. From this premise, two questions emerge: how does the legal discourse in the form of laws reflect these practices? Through what enunciation strategies does it occur? In order to answer these questions, the postulates of French semiotics, mainly those related to A. J. Greimas' studies, the foundations of legal semiotics and J. Fontanille's, C. Zilberberg's and E. Landowski's latest postulates about ways of life, were applied. Finally, the architecture of legal texts was sought to be revealed. These texts were considered an event that breaks a routine and proposes new semiotic practices, habits, language games, i.e. ways of life, which imply the denial or referendum of previous practices concerning women. In a broader sense, it is a study related to semiotics of cultures, according to greimasian conception.


(57) a method of fluorinating a Abstract] materials, liquid or carbon dioxide reaction medium in the supercritical state, a reaction mixture comprising a first reactant and a second reactant is prepared, where the first reactant fluorination a reagent, the first reactant, to fluorinate second reactant, comprising causing a first reactant and a second reactant is contacted with carbon dioxide.


With the Government's Localism Bill becoming an Act of Parliament, having been given Royal Assent on 15 November (2011), landowners, developers and local communities are beginning to feel its impact as the power of Central Government.


Smouldering combustion is being developed as a remediation process for soils contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Self-sustaining Treatment for Active Remediation (STAR) is particularly effective on high molecular weight NAPLs such as coal tars and heavy oils, which are among the most recalcitrant of industrial contaminants. Smouldering is a lower energy, flameless form of combustion that is oxygen-limited. Typical smouldering examples involve porous solid fuels that are destroyed by the smouldering reaction (e.g., a smouldering charcoal briquette or smouldering polyurethane foam in furniture that leads to a fire). The oxygen limitation occurs because the oxygen for the combustion reaction has to travel through the porous matrix (in the case of STAR, the soil) to reach the fuel (contaminant). STAR is proving to be particularly effective in the in situ destruction of contaminants, with little to no detectable residue remaining in many cases. Upward scaling of the STAR process has not led to any loss in efficiency. Small-scale ex situ field demonstrations were conducted on two different contaminant and porous media matrices to highlight the broad range of suitable conditions for STAR. The first trial used an idealised mixture of coal tar in coarse sand. Comparison of this field trial data to small and intermediate scale experiments suggests that process efficiency improves with scale. The relative airflow required by the process decreases as scale increases. The second field trial used an industrial mixture of oil wastes from a variety of sources, offering important insights into the effects of moisture and the mechanisms of heat transfer that influence the STAR process. This paper presents laboratory, intermediate and field-scale experiments in the context of the scaling process. Discussion focuses on the key parameters required for successful STAR as well as emissions characterisation for combustion byproducts.


Studies of the evolutionary strains of coronavirus allow us to conclude that each new variant is more contagious. Maximum effectiveness in reducing morbidity and breaking the chain of infections can be achieved by implementing the entire complex of epidemiological measures that do not exclude, but complement each other: vaccination in combination with all epidemiological measures. The aim is to identify and evaluate the expected impact of vaccination against COVID-19 on the population»s compliance with epidemiological requirements of public health and personal protection measures in preventing the spread of this disease. In the period from November 2021 to February 2022, an indirect continuous sociological survey was conducted. 373 people took part in the study, the age category is over 18 years old, the region of residence is Moscow and the Moscow region. The program processing of the received data was carried out. Vaccination has caused an increase in the number of people who neglect the established rules of prevention. This trend has affected all types of protective measures and all age groups. This is due to the confidence of the population that vaccination is the most effective and reliable way to prevent the disease. A significant part of respondents believe that vaccinated people are not sources of infection and cannot infect others. In the future, there is an increase in the proportion of vaccinated citizens who resume the use of additional protective measures. The main motive of such dynamics is social responsibility for the health of others. The underestimation by the population of the need for a comprehensive application of epidemiological measures, especially after the course of vaccination, was revealed. In order to achieve maximum effectiveness of the COVID-19 prevention program, it is not enough just to have high social responsibility of citizens for their health and the health of others. It is necessary to reliably, timely and accessible continue to improve the information literacy of the population about the new disease, while covering all age categories.


We investigated the effect of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (strain PCC7820) on the survival of juvenile and adult Daphnia pulex (Cladocera) in different food concentrations (the green alga Scenedesmus obtusiusculus). M. aeruginosa reduced survival in D. pulex. The peptide toxin microcystin-LR is present in this strain of M. aeruginosa. The toxic effect decreased with increasing concentrations of S. obtusiusculus. Juvenile D. pulex generally died faster than adults at high concentrations of cyanobacteria. However, juvenile D. pulex did better than adults at the lowest concentration of S. obtusiusculus.


Background: In developing countries like India the prevalence of non communicable diseases is slowly assuming an alarming proportions and Hypertension is the commonest NCD and it accounts for a large proportion of cardiovascular deaths. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Hypertension in rural areas of Bangalore. To assess the risk factors and its strength of association with Hypertension. To study the treatment seeking behavior in hypertensives. Study period: June 2008 to June 2009. Materials and Methods: A house to house survey was conducted and 1501 study subjects 15 years of age and above were screened in a village using a pre tested questionnaire. Two independent BP readings were taken in sitting position by visiting each participant at their home. Hypertension was defined using JNC7 criteria. It defines hypertension as blood pressure more than 140/90 mmHg. Statistical tests: Percentiles, chi square test. Results: Prevalence of Hypertension was 8.06%. There were various risk factors significantly associated with hypertension like age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, salt intake etc. Conclusion: The overall prevalence was 8.06%. Of the 121 hypertension patients 104 (85.95%) were aware of their disease and only 68 (65.38%) were taking regular treatment.


The aspects of scenario design and properties of scenarios are considered. The reasons for using of the scenario approach for simulation of analytical activities are proved. Fig.: 2. Refs: 15 titles.


Background: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been widely used in industry and daily life; their potential neurotoxic effects are of great concern. The aim of this study is to determine whether exposure to TiO2 NPs mediates neurotrophins and related receptor expression in the hippocampus of mice under TiO2 NPs-induced neuroinflammation. Methods: Mice were nasally administered with 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg per kg body weight TiO2 NPs for nine months. How neurotrophin-related factors and signaling pathways might be affected by exposure to TiO2 NPs for nine months using real-time PCR and ELISA methods were investigated. Results: The results suggest that exposure to TiO2 NPs caused TiO2 NPs deposition, excessive proliferation of all glial cells and tissue necrosis in the hippocampus. The hippocampal injury due to TiO2 NPs exposure was closely associated with significant reduction in nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinases (Trk A, B), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKII, CaMKIV), cyclic-AMP responsive element binding proteins (CREB-1, CREB-2), dopamine receptors (D1, D2) and Tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the hippocampus. Conclusions: The findings imply that long-term exposure to TiO2 NPs may induce neuroinflammation via impairing neurotrophin-mediated signaling pathways in animals.


We propose a way of quickly and automatically identifying the positions of players in soccer broadcast video. The approach is based on fast specification of camera view angles corresponding to frame pictures by using a ldquoblock-based searchrdquo. Our method can decide on a camera view angle that corresponds to a frame picture by making block-based connections for how to allocate ldquoline-blocksrdquo, i.e., block images on field lines, between the frame picture and the soccer field space. We can obtain the position of the players by projecting the ldquoplayer-blockrdquo positions to the soccer field space along the appropriate camera view angle specified by the search. Our method can be used to make these processes faster than conventional ones that are based on computationally expensive processing such as line extraction by Hough transform. The proposal is evaluated from the aspects of both accuracy and computational cost by experiments using soccer broadcast videos.


This study aims to determine the effect of return on assets on the expenditure of zakat funds in Islamic banks in Indonesia. To find out the results of the research, the researchers used a quantitative approach with this type of research using quantitative descriptive methods. Quantitative descriptive research is a research that provides an overview of the effect of return on assets on the expenditure of zakat funds in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The results of his research indicate that Return on Assets has a significant effect on the expenditure of zakat funds. The ROA variable has a significant effect on the expenditure of zakat funds in Islamic banks. This result is in accordance with the probability value which shows (0.05 > 0.0000). This means that the greater the ROA value obtained, the greater the expenditure of zakat funds on Islamic banks, because the potential for a greater ROA will have an impact on increasing zakat funds.


Fuel cell arrangement having an improved efficiency. The arrangement comprises one or more fuel cell units 1 10 and a methanation unit 200 and a control unit 300. The fuel cell unit comprises a water inlet 1 1 1, a hydrogen outlet 1 12 and an oxygen outlet 1 13. The methanation unit comprises a catalyst 222, a hydrogen inlet 213, a carbon oxide inlet 214 having a first controllable valve 215 and a methane outlet 216, wherein the hydrogen outlet of the first fuel cell unit is coupled to the hydrogen inlet of the methanation unit, and the methanation unit is adapted to convert hydrogen and carbon oxide into methane, wherein the control unit is adapted to control the first controllable valve so as to obtain an optimum converting process to convert hydrogen and carbon oxide into methane.


Osteoid osteomas arising in an intra-articular or paraarticular site can present a diagnostic problem, particularly when occurring around the elbow. The adjacent joint can show evidence of synovitis and proliferative arthritis, and on radiographic examination new bone formation may be slight or absent and the nidus invisible (Marcove & Freiberger, 1966; Moreton & Bartlett, 1966; Corbett et al, 1974; Cronemeyer et al, 1981; Clarke et al, 1981). These atypical features can lead to misdiagnosis of this condition. We present a further cause of misinterpretation of osteoid osteomas around the elbow, that of the nidus mimicking an os supratrochleare dorsale.


We present a Monte Carlo study of a classical lattice-gas Hamiltonian formerly introduced by Parrinello and Tosatti (1982) in order to describe the coexistence of atomic and molecular phases. The nature of the ordering transition undergone by the dense molecular fluid into a molecular-crystal phase is investigated in two dimensions through phenomenological finite-size-scaling techniques.


The paper analyses the status of international agreements in the field of air protection, aiming to interpret the discord between the adopted legal standards and their application. Having in mind the harmonisation process of Serbian law with the EU law, the author further analyzes the obligations of Member States arising from Directive 2008/50/EC on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe, the developed practice of the CJEU which embodies elements determining the rights of individuals to initiate a procedure for protecting the right to a healthy environment if states do not adopt an air quality action plan, as well as the measures that domestic courts may prescribe to ensure the implementation of decisions establishing the obligation to implement measures for reduction of emissions above the limit values. The concluding sections analyse the degree of harmonisation of our positive law with the adopted standards and the environmental acquis. Having in mind a substantial number of cases related to air protection in the practice of the Serbian Protector of Citizens (Ombudsman), the analysis of the application of recommendations arising from these cases may suggest the degree of harmonisation of commitments and their application, and serve as an instrument for amending positive law.


Anthocyanin content and composition and CIE 1976 (L*, a*, b*) color space (CIELAB) color coordinates were examined for the skin of 22 muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) cultivars and Muscadinia Planch germplasm. Analysis of berry skin extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determined that antho- cyanin content varied from less than 100 mg·g L1 in bronze and pink berries to over 5500 mg·g L1 in highly pigmented black berries. The anthocyanins delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin were detected in their 3,5-diglucosidic forms. Analysis of berry color with a colorimeter revealed chroma (C*) ranged from 2.4 to 22.8 with the highest values occurring in bronze- and red-colored berries. As anthocyanin concentration increased, lightness (L*) decreased to a low of 20 to 23 in black-colored berries. Pink and red skin colors were primarily a result of lower levels of total anthocyanins, although there was also a shift away from delphinidin and petunidin production toward more cyanidin and peonidin. Malvidin, the most important antho- cyanin formuscadine wineand juice colorstability, was onlyabundant inafew clones, all of which had V. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) Small or V. popenoei (Fennell) Small in their pedigree. The interspecific hybrid 'Fennell's 3-way Hybrid' had the largest proportion of malvidin, contributing '58% of the total anthocyanin content. This clone also had low levels of delphinidin and high total levels of anthocyanin, making it a promising source for the improvement of muscadine grape pigment profiles.


In this paper we briefly introduce the quantum methods for computations of the drag coefficients for flows around a body, using the flows around a rigid sphere as an example, and we aim for comparing the wake under quantized environment and the classical computational strategies for finding the drag force. This paper however doesn't provide discussion on the pressure distribution over the surfaces of a spherical body and neither the analytical solution for the flows around an airfoil due to the greatly limited computational capacities and resources.


Individuals with learning disabilities (LD) and others who find writing challenging often struggle with basic transcription processes, including handwriting or typing, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. Problems with transcription affect motivation and interfere with students' ability to attend to higher order processes such as planning and evaluation. Computer tools, including word processing, spelling and grammar checkers, speech synthesis, word prediction, and speech recognition software, offer support to writers, but they also have limitations. This chapter analyzes the growing body of research on the benefits and limitations of these tools with students with LD and other struggling writers. In addition to research on specific types of assistive technology, the chapter discusses general issues such as the inevitable tradeoff of burdens when adopting new writing tools and the need for instructional methods designed to take advantage of the power of particular writing tools.


: In order to further improve the quality of education and teaching service, strengthen the communication and interaction between teachers and students, develop a student-centered teaching mode, and promote the continuous improvement of talent training quality, this study aims to build a teaching and learning social network platform with the help of Internet technology and artificial intelligence technology, based on the existing teaching management information system of the school, so as to improve the sharing of teaching resources and the mutual promotion between teachers and students It has five functions, such as the construction of dynamic and experimental platform, the combination of supervision and teaching, and the visualization of teaching data.


The capability is investigated of a single component laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) system for the measurement of three dimensional mean and turbulent flow statistics. Sets of general equations defining the parameters measured by a single component LDV system are derived. Solutions to the equations for different configurations of a single forward scatter LDV system show that three-dimensional mean velocity measurements can be made with a minimum restriction on the precision for detecting the Doppler frequency. Measurements of the three-dimensional cross products and correlation parameters are shown to require a significantly higher precision in the Doppler frequency detection.


Interactive videodisk training programs offer a new instructional approach to demands for technical skills training. This article highlights the demands for staff development providers to address technical skills training through interactive videodisk modalities.


The acoustic input impedance of the ear provides data on the acoustico-mechanical function of the ear and can be used diagnostically to assess outer and middle ear function. Sound signals delivered to the ear canal can be quantified in-situ if the complex reflectance of the ear has been determined. Hearing sensitivity can be expressed in terms of the forward-going sound pressure wave, or after correcting for acoustic delay, the fraction of the forward-going sound pressure wave transmitted to the middle ear. The latter is an estimate of the signal the cochlea receives. Data is presented examining the virtues of expressing hearing sensitivity in terms of an in-situ calibrated sound signal.


Objectives: Bladder cancer is a major malignancy in urology, and has a high rate of recurrence. Intravesical BCG instillation therapy, despite many adverse effects, is often used to prevent recurrence. Acridine orange (AO), a membrane permeable weakly basic dye, has cytocidal effects when the blue light is illuminated. For this reason, AO was used for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of musculoskeletal sarcoma. In order to test if AO-PDT can become an effective treatment for bladder cancer, we wanted to determine the cytocidal effects of AO evoked by blue light on the human bladder cancer cell line T-24. Methods: T-24 cells loaded with AO were observed during blue light illumination under a fluorescent microscope, and vesicle disruption and cell death were assessed by trypan blue staining. To determine the cytocidal mechanism, we determined the change of vesicle disruption and cell death using bafilomycin A1, a vacuolar H + -ATPase inhibitor, and antioxidants, and intracellular distribution of cathepsin D, a lysosomal protease, was also investigated. Finally, the efficacy of the evoked AO on normal rat bladder cells was compared to that on T-24 cells. Results: Cells showed the disruption of AO-containing vesicles as a green flash during blue light illumination and died within 30 minutes. Bafilomycin A1 and antioxidants inhibited vesicle disruption and cell death. Intravesicular cathepsin D increased in the cytoplasm following illumination. Normal bladder cells showed slight vesicular AO accumulation but did not die in the same condition that almost all T-24 cells died. Conclusions: AO evoked by blue light has strong cytotoxicity for the T-24 bladder cancer cells and was caused by the lipid peroxidation-mediated disruption of vesicles, where AO is accumulated by vacuolar H + -ATPase, followed by the subsequent release of cathepsin D into the cytoplasm. PDT with AO may be worthwhile for the treatment of bladder cancer.


In a cognitive radio network (CRN), when the secondary users (SUs) are battery-powered devices, the concept of energy-efficient design is very important. In this paper, we propose an energy utility function by formulating the achievable data rate of a cooperative CRN in terms of the energy consumption by the CRN. The maximization of the energy utility function is obtained by jointly designing the sensing time, sensing threshold and number of cooperative SUs with the constraint of sufficient protect for primary users (PUs). Numerical results show that the CRN can achieve almost the maximum achievable data rate with significant energy saving.


In this paper, the problem of robust stabilization for uncertain linear time-delay systems is considered. The uncertainty is assumed to be norm-bounded and appears in all the matrices of the state space model. We propose a robust stabilizability condition via dynamic memoryless state feedback in the form of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs). A control law is obtained using solutions of the LMIs.


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When reading the Editorial "The Road toBalanced Oversight" (Science, Volume 313,page 831), one cannot help rememberingthat Oswaldo Cruz, a Brazilian scientist whohad to face a war against yellow fever withinadequate scientific tools and who proposeda new paradigm - vaccination -, more than acentury ago, was publically persecuted forhis effort. History proved him right. TheHinxton Group (1) rightly concluded thatscientists should be free to work in any coun-try as long as they obey the laws of thecountry where they are working. It would beunethical, however, for them to take advan-tage of lack of laws to do their work. Ifsociety, as stated above, should be free toregulate science independently in any coun-try, it is biased to say that those laws that areless restrictive are permissive. It is the sameas saying that restrictive laws are alwaysright and less restrictive laws are alwayswrong. New paradigms often face negativepublic reactions not always for ethical orsound scientific reasons. The advances inDNA synthesis indicate that science may beable to create microbes


The mechanical behaviour and the failure mechanism of RC beams damaged by corrosion of reinforcement are not only experimentally but also theoretically studied in order to obtain useful information for repair or maintenance. In the experiments, loading and bond tests are conducted for RC specimens damaged with an accelerated galvanostatic corrosion method. It is found that the reduction in stiffness and load carrying capacity occurred in the damaged beams. Theoretical studies are made to investigate the mechanical behaviour of these damaged beams using elastoplastic finite element analysis. From these experimental and theoretical considerations, it could be indicated that the mechanical behaviour of damaged beams is affected by inadequate transmission of stresses between concrete and reinforcement, which results from internal stresses and growth of cracks due to the formation of corrosion products.(A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 831449.


In order to reduce the use of pesticides, banker plants may be added to crop systems. They can improve the presence of predatory arthropods by offering shelter or alternative food. In the present study, we analyzed basil as banker plant in a greenhouse IPM tomato crop system testing different plant combinations in monocultures vs. dicultures. We measured the influence of the presence of basil on the reduction of pest number, predator population stability, plant health and crop yield. Significantly fewer pests were present in dicultures when basil was present, but the number of predators, crop yield and leaf health was not statistically different between plant combinations. Under the given conditions, basil could not be categorized as an efficient banker plant for Macrolophus pygmaeus.


Service grids and desktop grids are both promoted by their supportive communities as great solutions for solving the available compute power problem and helping to balance loads across network systems. Little work, however, has been undertaken to blend these two technologies together. In this paper we introduce a new EU project, that is building technological bridges to facilitate service and desktop grid interoperability. We provide a taxonomy and background into service grids, such as EGEE and desktop grids or volunteer computing platforms, such as BOINC and XtremWeb. We then describe our approach for identifying translation technologies between service and desktop grids. The individual themes discuss the actual bridging technologies employed and the distributed data issues surrounding deployment.


The research presented in this thesis addresses the topic of ad hoc retrieval of information from collections of spoken items such as radio news bulletins. Modern digital computers are becoming increasingly adept at processing non{ textual data, such as speech. Consequently, new methods are required to allow users to pin{point speciic items of interest in large data collections. Such a method might exploit the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which has proved successful as the basis for many experimental speech recognition systems, and the well{understood techniques of document retrieval that have arisen from many years' research into textual information retrieval (IR). However, so far there has been little exploration of the potential combination of these methods in order to index \spoken word" data. In the IR community, several papers have put forward an approach to the problem but this approach has not been properly tested. Work done in the speech recognition area has tended to concentrate on developing systems for topic classiication. These systems are extensively pre{ trained for the task of partitioning a set of spoken messages into a set of disjoint and exhaustive classes, each one representing some topic. Their utility is, in practice, limited by the xed class set and slow operation, and they do not represent an approach to the problem of retrieving items that correspond to arbitrary topics. This thesis describes experiments combining the techniques of classical information retrieval with HMM{based speech recognition methods in order to retrieve items from a collection of spoken messages corresponding to items of radio news. In a base-line system, a new technique for wordspotting allows items matching an arbitrary expression of the information requirement to be retrieved quickly and reasonably accurately. The system is subsequently improved through the addition of appropriate language models and the use of state{of{the{art acoustic modelling. Finally, performance is compared with that obtained by two alternative approaches, including one recently proposed in the IR literature, and found to be considerably superior. 1 Declaration This thesis describes research carried out in the Speech, Vision and Robotics Group of the University of Cambridge Engineering Department between October 1991 and February 1995. It is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration. The length of this thesis, excluding references and gure captions, is forty{four thousand words. Acknowledgements Firstly, I wish to express my gratitude to Prof. Steve Young, my …


The design of molecular crystals is difficult, but supramolecular chemistry may improve the chances of success. A variety of synthons are discussed, with special emphasis on the role of phosphonic acids as crystal-builders and it is suggested that the synthons of phosphonic acids can be reliably predicted, and also the shape and coordination of the metal(II) ion in the presence of phenanthroline.


The subject innovation is hot air, cold air, jayeonpung blowing function, and relates to an air mattress having a heating function, and more particularly, forming a fitting groove in the mat support layer and the fitting of the air induction pipe provided with a blower to a distal end in the insertion groove binding and, at the same time the air flow to the mattress outer Sikkim through the air outlet formed continuous to the upper side of the air induction tube by its blower operation, provided with a heating wire in the mat support layer or warmer layers were to ever allow the the heat ray radiation having up heating function It relates to an air mattress. The subject innovation is warm air, cool air, blown jayeonpung features and according to the air mattress having a heating function, mat support layer 10, which comprises at least one layer with the fitting groove 12 on the side surface is formed; The mat fitted to the fitting groove formed in the support layer 10 is, the air induction a plurality of air outlets are formed continuous to the upper side at a predetermined distance tube 20; It is provided at one side end of the air induction tube blower 22 for blowing air through the air induction tube; The mat support layer 10, the thermal layer 30, the side laminated to the hot wire 32 is provided in the interior of the; And ventilation discloses an air mattress, comprising a surface layer (40) made of a material. According to the present invention, and at the same time provided with a cold air, warm air, jayeonpung blowing function to one side of the mat, by providing to the built up heat ray to the heating function, the ventilation without beongeoreoum the user has turned over the mat on both sides by a simple operation ( cold air, warm air, jayeonpung) can be selected and combined cooking function and heating function can be useful for an air mattress during the year. Mattresses, air induction tube, hot air, cold air, heat


This letter investigates the effect of shear on Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI). Even simple uniform shear strongly influences the instability; longer waves are completely stabilized when density stratification is large (higher Atwood numbers). This apparently counter-intuitive result is due to the presence of Atwood number in the shear term. When the unstable density interface is embedded in a shear layer, shear is again found to stabilize the RTI. However, this configuration introduces additional unstable shear instability modes in the lower wavenumber regime. A new type of shear instability, whose growth rate increases with Atwood number, plays a dominant role, while Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI), which was previously understood to be the only possible shear instability in this context, has little significance. Hence the billows observed in the nonlinear stages of RTI, which are usually attributed to KHI, may actually be the nonlinear manifestation of this new instability.


Since the launch of the new government, there has been a growing interest in food plans, as the food plan has been selected as a national policy agenda and pilot projects on food plan have been developed.
The government plans to establish a food plan for 100 local governments within the next five years, but the local government officials are not fully aware of the food plan. In addition, in order to establish a food plan, the goal of the food plan and detailed action plans are needed.
Food plan needs to pursue the inclusive perspective embedded in the national and local food system. Therefore, wider considerations on nutrition, safety, education, environment as well as food production and food processing should be located within food plan.
This study describes the emergence of the food plan and its significance by investigating the evolution of the food plan cases. Also, six Policy recommendations for local food plan are suggested in the study.
6 policies include ① basic research and spreading consensus on local food plan, ② building food information platform, ③ strengthening capacity of local authority and cultivating policy coordinator, ④ establishing cooperation structure between agricultural policies, ⑤ improvement of public food service system, ⑥ institutionalization of establishing local food plan.