Electric field treatment was performed on a Ni-Cr-W-Mo superalloy to investigate the effects of electric field treatment on its corrosion behavior. The microstructure evolution and the elements distribution at grain boundaries of both annealing twins and high angle grains were examined. The results show that the corrosion resistance can be improved by the electric field treatment and both of the corrosion weight loss and corrosion rate are decreased with the increasing treating time. When the alloy is electric field treated at 1093 K for 600 min with 4 kVcm � 1 , the intergranular corrosion rate is 65.3 mmy � 1 with the decreasing ratio of 25.1% compared with the untreated one, and the immersion corrosion rate is 3.9 mmy � 1 with the decreasing ratio of 57.9% compared with the untreated one. The redistribution of elements between the original high angle grain boundaries and the annealing twins occurred by the formation and growth of the annealing twins during the electric field treatment, as well as the improvement of exhaustion of Cr and Mo elements at the grain boundaries. With the increasing treating time, a large amount of original high angle grain boundaries are replaced and the continuously distributed original grain boundaries are separated, which leads to the retardation the growth rate of the corrosion ditches. The corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved due to the changes of corrosion behavior of the grain boundary. Moreover, the promotion effect of electric field treatment on the atom diffusion rate decrease the exhaustion tendency of Cr and Mo elements on both sides of normal high angle grain boundary. Those can be considered as the reasons of improving the corrosion resistance after electric field treatment. (doi:10.2320/matertrans.MF200905) With the rapid development of the aerospace engineering, the alloying elements ratio of superalloy is increased to meet the demands for long-term service at elevated temperatures. Besides the excellent properties including the high-temper- ature strength and plasticity, the oxidation existence, high- temperature corrosion resistance and irradiation resistance of the alloy are also required. 1-3) The distribution and size of carbides at grain boundaries increase especially when the alloy was experienced long-term services. It is easy for the intergranular rupture to occur at the grain boundary under corrosive environment. Researches on nickel-base Ni-Cr- W-Mo and GH4586A superalloys after electric field treat- ment reveal that annealing twins occurred in alloys and the number of annealing twins increase with the increasing treated time. During the deformation, the crack propagation direction changes with the annealing twins, and this leads the increase of both the uniformity and work of plastic deformation. The plasticity can be improved greatly without strength changing. 4-7) The coherent twin boundary with low energy can be caused with electric field treatment on nickel-base super- alloys and the fraction of low energy boundary can be increased. This agrees with the Grain Boundary Design and Control-Grain Boundary Engineering (GBE). 8-12) It aims at preventing the intergranular rupture and intergranular corro- sion by obtaining low energy and coherent boundary with high fraction in polycrystalline. As conventional GBE techniques, such as deformation heat treatments including strain recrystallization and strain heat treatment can be used to increase the fraction of coherent grain boundary in austenite steel, nickel-base alloy, copper and aluminum alloys. In other words, it can be considered that the electric field treatment will become one of the GBE techniques for obtaining high fraction of coherent grain boundary with low energy. In the present study, the electric field was employed on a nickel-based Ni-Cr-W-Mo superalloy to investigate the effects of electric field on its corrosion resistance. The mechanisms were also discussed. The present work aims to study potential application for electric field treatment on the progress of research on superalloys. 2. Material and Experimental Procedures


The collaboration between global electronics manufacturer, Panasonic, and lens maker, Leica, has resulted in an image stabilization system in the Lumix line of digital cameras. Called MEGA Optical Image Stabilization (MEGA OIS), the system detects camera movement before a picture is snapped. The image is stabilized using angular rate sensors, called gyrosensors, to detect how quickly the camera is moving in both vertical and horizontal directions. Then, a corrective lens is moved in the direction opposite to that of the detected data to counteract jitter. OIS can operate in two modes which provide clearer pictures compared to unstabilized systems. The MEGA OIS system is offered on ten models of Lumix digital cameras.


Peasant households are the most basic agricultural production unit in China,as the key to solve the " three rural problems".There are many reasons for peasant household production and management such as the shortage of fund,financing difficulty.It is an effective way to solve those problems by setting up peasant household′s biological assets financing mechanism. Biological assets financing involves the system of perfecting rural financial service,value assessment on biological assets,the system of biological assets trade market,and biological assets financing innovation.


We have developed highly specific and sensitive immunoradiometric assays (IRMAs) using combinations of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) specific for epitopes that reside only on the free subunits. The availability of such immunoassays allowed us to study the production of free subunits of hCG during pregnancy and in patients with gestational trophoblastic diseases as well as in nonpregnant subjects and in patients with nontrophoblastic tumors


Plasma radiation temperatures behind hypersonic shock waves were measured using a microwave receiver. A value of 4000 deg K was obtained; since no corrections were made for impedance mismatch between the source and waveguide or for finite plasma depth, the actual temperature is probably significantly higher. (L.N.N.)


Public support and new members of parliament in Holyrood give fresh hope that a new bill could succeed where previous attempts have failed, reports Bryan Christie


The present invention relates to a method for the component (13, 14) connected to the assembly (16), wherein the member (13, 14) is formed of a rigid material, in particular, fiber-reinforced plastic and / or formed from metal from a thermoplastic comprising the steps of: (13) a first position member is positioned at a first predetermined, wherein the first member (13) is accommodated in the first holding member (11); and a second member (14) in a first predetermined position positioning, wherein the second member (14) is housed in the second holding member (12); on the adhesive (15) applied to a predetermined region of the first and / or second member (13, 14) (17); from the second member (14) to a second predetermined position, in a second predetermined position, a second member (14) to a first member (13) having a predetermined (a, d); and by the adhesive (15) a second member (14) attached at the first member (13).


This paper first analyzed the heavy-tailed distribution of gradients in natural scenes and proposed an algorithm about motion deblurring based on hyper-Laplacian moldel.It adopted an alternating minimization scheme to optimize the energy equation.Used a look-up table(LUT) for rapidly solving the image deconvolution.Our method can yield good result with medium size pictures in seconds.Compared with the Wiener and Richardson-Lucy methods,our method yields the best overall performance both in the restoration effect and suppression of ringing.


OBJECTIVES
To compare lidocaine hydrocarbonate and lidocaine hydrochloride, with and without adrenaline, in the axillary block obtained with a neurostimulator.

STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, randomized, double blind study.

PATIENTS
Sixty-six patients undergoing surgery of the upper limb under axillary block, allocated into four groups.

METHODS
The criteria for evaluation were: onset time, duration and quality of sensory and motor blockades, and blood concentrations of lidocaine in 39 patients. In all patients musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves were stimulated and the volume of local anaesthetic administered was 25 mL per square meter of body surface. Group 1 received lidocaine hydrocarbonate 1% (n = 17), group 2, lidocaine hydrocarbonate 1% with adrenaline 1/200,000 (n = 17), group 3, lidocaine hydrochloride 1% (n = 16) and group 4, lidocaine hydrochloride 1% with adrenaline 1/200,000 (n = 16).

RESULTS
No significant inter-group differences were found concerning sensory and motor blockades and onset time. The duration of analgesia was longer in groups CO2 + A and HCL + A. The lidocaine blood concentrations were globally lower in group HCL + A.

CONCLUSIONS
Considering the cost/benefit ratio and the absence of clinical benefits of lidocaine hydrocarbonate, lidocaine hydrochloride should be preferred.


The effects of chemically strengthened processing and the ion beam irradiation on the mechanical characteristics of space solar cell protection glasses are investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis and micro hardness instrument; also the corresponding optical properties were analyzed by utilizing the UV/visible spectrophotometer. The results suggest that the flexural strength, fracture toughness and surface characteristics are enhanced via the chemical strengthening process. Importantly, such process has a trivial influence with ∼0.2% degradation on the transparency of chemically strengthened glasses in the band range of 350 ∼ 1000 nm, while exhibits an excellent resistance on radiation damage by ion beams bombardment, demonstrating an outstanding durability in the space radiation environment.


An object of the present invention is to provide an electrical junction box allowing a hollow cavity portion and a component receiving portion to be easily distinguished from each other so that the workability upon inserting components is improved. The electrical junction box includes a cassette block. Electronic components such as relay or fuse are mounted on an upper surface of the cassette block, and a bus bar and a terminal are inserted into a lower surface 1b of the cassette block. The lower surface of the cassette block is provided with a bus bar receiving portion 2 into which the bus bar is inserted, a terminal receiving portion 3 into which the terminal is inserted, and a plurality of hollow cavity portions adjacent to the bus bar receiving portion and the terminal receiving portion and into which no component is inserted. The lower end of one of the cavity portions is situated 1 to 2 mm closer to the upper surface than the lower ends of the bus bar receiving portion and the terminal receiving portion.


Laser annealing is used to controllably vary the grain size of polycrystalline silicon films. The properties of Schottky diodes formed in such layers are studied experimentally by I‐V and C‐V measurements and interpreted in the framework of the grain boundary trapping model for polycrystalline silicon. For large grained material (grain size ≊10 μm) nearly ideal Schottky diode characteristics with a diode factor n close to unity are found. As deposited, fine grained material is fully depleted at the doping levels employed and yields a p‐i‐n diode behavior characterized by n=2. Observation of this regime without series resistance limitations is possible by using a buried n+ layer as the back contact of the diodes. Reverse currents of the diodes are inversely proportional to the grain size, as expected for generation at grain boundary traps.


The article dwells upon the socioeconomic nature of property. Its characteristic basis is defined as a form of economic implementation, and the main organisational department is a company. The author comes to the conclusion that the methods of economic activity (plan-based or market-based) are determined by the form of ownership. State property is regarded as the initial basis for the plan-based methods of economic activity; the author also shows the patterns of interaction between state property and planand market-oriented methods of regulation


Abstract We introduce a new mobile money interface that permits Sri Lankans to deposit mobile airtime balances directly into a formal bank account. Randomizing access and prices, we find a small increase in savings deposits with the partner institution and formal banks more generally, but no change in overall savings. When the deposit transaction costs are completely removed, only 26% use the mobile deposit service and only 7% use it frequently. Our results imply that deposit transaction costs are not a significant barrier to increasing savings, limiting the potential gains of mobile-linked savings products for financial inclusion.


This paper is concerned with roundrobin analyses of probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) problems of aged structures and materials using seven codes.Analyzed here is a plate with a semi-elliptical surface crack subjected to multiple cyclic tensile and bending stresses. A depth and an aspect ratio of the surface crack are assumed to be probabilistic variables. Probability calculations are performed by using Importance Sampling or Stratified Sampling Monte Carlo methods. Material properties are chosen from the Marshall report, ASME Code Section XI and the experiments of the LE-subcommittee of JWES (Japan Welding Engineering Society), while loadings are determined referring to design loading conditions of pressurized water reactors (PWR).At first, one unique problem which is named Fundamental Problem is analyzed by all the codes to examine accuracy of PFM analyses. Secondly discussions are made on aging effects of fracture toughness, which are caused due to thermal aging and neutron irradiation, on failure probabilities. Finally life extension simulations based on the PFM analysis are presented.


Abstract Granular contents were found in the digestive gland of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalus infected with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini using light microscopy. Electron microscopic investigations revealed infections with Rickettsiales-like organisms (RLO), which measured 1100 nm in length and 450 nm in width and which were surrounded by a plasma membrane. RLO were found exclusively in intracellular vacuoles of the excretory cells of snails infected with the trematode. Two of 3 naturally infected Bithynia but none of the 30 examined uninfected control animals harbored RLO.


ABSTRACT In addition to their pedagogical benefits, active learning classrooms constitute an important topic of research and have renewed debates on the impact of the built environment on education. However, this literature sometimes overlooks the experiences of learners by focusing on the design and practice of teaching in active learning classrooms. The article focuses on learners and asks a question through the reflective style of the Renaissance essay: 'should we prepare students for active learning classrooms?'


Inductively coupled power receivers for embedded microsensors are often tiny and distant from their transmitting sources. To sustain microsensors as long as possible, the power receiver should draw power whenever possible and output the highest power possible. Of reported state-of-the-art technologies, switched resonant half-bridges require fewer components, are less breakdown-limited, and output as much or more power than the others. This paper derives and shows with measurements the highest possible maximum power point (MPP) for switched resonant half-bridges. The theory predicts the optimal time, duration, and frequency of the energy transfers that charge the battery. Measurements of a 0.18-μm CMOS power receiver demonstrate that the receiver outputs more than 98.7% of the actual MPP at the predicted settings when the coupling factor between the transmitting and the receiving coils is 0.15%–1.14%.


To present an overview of the barriers to the implementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in thyroid cancer management and to introduce a computer‐based clinical support system.


4 years since the release of their excellent self-titled record on Taken By Surprise Records, Dirt Cult Records and Sabotage Records, German melodic, ...


This article examines both the nature of the cyber threat that Russia poses to the United Kingdom and the efficacy of the latter's responses to it. It begins, and making use of original Russian sou...


Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effects of the Unpleasant Symptom-Relief Program to mitigate preterm labor stress, anxiety, physical discomfort, and situational discomfort in hospitalized high-risk pregnant women.Methods: This study used a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design and analyzed 23 participants from the experimental group and 23 from the control group. The participants from both the groups were matched and diagnosed with preterm labor, incompetent internal os of the cervix, preterm premature rupture of membrane, placenta previa, or gestational diabetes mellitus. The effects of the Unpleasant Symptom-Relief Program were measured using tools such as preterm labor stress, anxiety, physical discomfort, and situational discomfort. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, paired t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: The Unpleasant Symptom-Relief Program was effective in reducing preterm labor stress (F= 8.24, p=0.001), anxiety (F=17.80, p≤0.001), and situational discomfort (F=5.95, p=0.004). However, it was not effective in reducing the physical discomfort (F=1.20, p=0.311). Post hoc analysis between time points revealed effective reduction in the preterm labor stress and anxiety in both the groups immediately after the end of the program and at 7 days after the program. Situational discomfort was reduced at 7 days after the end of the program in both the groups.Conclusion: The Unpleasant Symptom-Relief Program can be applied in practice by nurses. It can contribute to alleviating the symptoms and discomfort of high-risk pregnant women.


ISIS is the spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. Operation centres on an 800 MeV rapid cycling synchrotron, which provides 3× 10 protons per pulse (ppp) at 50 Hz, corresponding to a beam power of ∼ 0.2 MW. Studies are underway to increase the energy of the ISIS linac from 70 to 180 MeV. This would reduce transverse space charge in the synchrotron and enable a larger current to be accumulated, possibly up to 0.5 MW. As part of the study, transverse beam dynamics have been re-examined on ISIS, building up models from incoherent space charge tune shift through to 2D alternating gradient lattice simulations. These simu lations, using the in-house space charge code Set, include harmonic perturbations to the focusing lattice and images from the unique ISIS vacuum vessel. A clearer picture of the dynamics is emerging where there may be important constraints on the highest intensities, including half int eger resonance, image induced structure resonances and transverse instabilities.


Community economic development (CED) initiatives expanded rapidly in urban and regional policy in the 1990s. Traditional evaluation methodology has, however, proved to be extremely difficult to apply effectively to CED. This paper examines existing monitoring and evaluation procedures for CED, the problems faced in applying traditional methodology and possible ways forward to ensure that more effective monitoring and evaluation can be undertaken. Evidence is drawn from four detailed case studies of urban CED projects funded as part of the 1994-96 Yorkshire and the Humber Objective 2 Structural Funds programme. These case studies were deliberately designed to experiment with alternative quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods.


Development of electronic commerce, does great change in means of communication and alternative of information, secondary produce a leap hole of electronic commerce contract and alternative safety. And all this promotes some juridical appropriateness. In order to offer a solution and definite reference, the article emphasis on the cause and performance of those problems.


The invention discloses a following type hand pushing flatness measuring device, which belongs to the road surface flatness measurement field. The structure of the invention comprises a meter, a base plate, road wheels, a push rod, an angle sensor and a range sensor. The flatness measuring device is characterized in that: the device also comprises a front measuring wheel, a back measuring wheel and a follow-up lever, wherein one end of the follow-up lever is hinged with a tractor seat fixed on the front end of the base plate, the front measuring wheel is arranged on the middle front part of the follow-up lever through a connecting plate, the back measuring wheel is arranged on the back end of the follow-up lever also through the connecting plate, the line connection between the front and back measuring wheels are in parallel with the traveling direction of the device, the wheel base of the front and back measuring wheels is the measuring pitch required by IRI, traveling grooves for the front and back measuring wheels are arranged on the base plate corresponding to the front and back measuring wheels, and the angle sensor and the range sensor are both fixed on a follow-up shaft. Compared with the prior art, the following type hand pushing flatness measuring device provided by the invention has the characteristics of convenient use, high measuring precision, etc. and can be widely applicable to the flatness measurement of the road surfaces of various highway conditions.


This paper targets a variant of the stochastic multi-armed bandit problem called good arm identification (GAI). GAI is a pure-exploration bandit problem with the goal to output as many good arms using as few samples as possible, where a good arm is defined as an arm whose expected reward is greater than a given threshold. In this work, we propose DGAI - a differentiable good arm identification algorithm to improve the sample complexity of the state-of-the-art HDoC algorithm in a data-driven fashion. We also showed that the DGAI can further boost the performance of a general multi-arm bandit (MAB) problem given a threshold as a prior knowledge to the arm set. Extensive experiments confirm that our algorithm outperform the baseline algorithms significantly in both synthetic and real world datasets for both GAI and MAB tasks.


Teaching quality is the focus of teaching work. Taking five-year oriented students enrolled in 2010 from P University as sample, it explores the relation of studentsuniversity grades and Senior Entrance Exam grades. And take on cluster analysis method to study the correlation between grades of university and those in SEE, the grades of all courses and those of SEE.


Objective: To probe into the cause of hemorrhage lacunar syndrome and its clinical manifestation in order to take further steps to understand the syndrome. Methods: The clinical materials of 81 cases were analysed. Results: Among the 81 cases, 76 (93.8%) developed the disease under the state of physical exertion,78(96.3% ) suffered from hypertension,34(41.2% ) affected with pure motor hemiparesis,14(17.3%) with pure sensory stroke,21(26.0%) with sensorimotor stroke,the remainder were ill with dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrom(8.6% ), grainstem stauroplegia(3. 70% ) and thalamic dementia(2. 5%). The amount of loss of blood was 0.5 -7mL,on average 3.4mL.There were 66 cases(81.5%) recovered, 15(18 .5% ) got better. Conclusion: Hypertension is the chief cause of the syndrome. there are some special clinical manifestation in the syndrome. So it may be sometimes mistaken for cerebral infarction in early period. With the aid of CT and MRI, the diagnosis of the syndrom can be made, and the patients have usually a better prognosis.


The inclusion of distributed generation (DG) in electrical power systems (EPS) brings
numerous advantages for the system such as voltage profile improvement, reduction in
electrical losses and improvement on system stability indices. However, wrong sizing and allocation of DG can turn potential benefits into problems. Many studies have been performed over the last decade in order to well allocate and size DG in the electrical system under different purposes by means of mathematical optimization. This study aims at analyzing the problem of allocation and sizing DG in a distribution system in order to reduce technical losses. The forward / backward sweep method is used along with reactive compensation technique for the calculation of the system power flow, since the generating units connected to the system are modeled as PV type. We use the meta-heuristics VNS and GRASP to solve the problem, and then a combination of both methods (GRASP/VNS) is applied with the objective of improving the meta-heuristics performance. The GD units are also modeled as PQ type bars to compare the effect of the reactive compensation on the loss reduction. Three test systems with 10, 34 and 70 busses are used to validate the proposed methodology.


The attachment efficiency when nanopartiles contact with a flat smooth wall is investigated by taking the elastic deformation force, van der Waals force and Stokes resistance into account. The equations of interactions between particle and wall are derived and solved numerically to obtain the attachment efficiency for dioctyl phthalate nanoparticles with diameter changing from 100nm to 800nm and for different initial angle of attack. The results show that it is more difficult to attach onto the wall for the particles which attack the wall vertically. The attachment efficiency decreases overall with increasing particle diameter. There exists an abrupt increase in the attachment efficiency when the particle diameter is around 550nm. The attachment efficiency is different with or without considering the elastic deformation force. The difference in the values of attachment efficiency for vertical and horizontal walls is negligible. A new formula for the attachment efficiency is presented to express the relationship between the attachment efficiency and the particle diameter as well as the initial angle of attack.


Desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatosis) are locally invasive soft tissue tumors in which beta-catenin/TCF3 mediated Wnt signaling is activated. More than 80% of desmoid tumors contain activating mutations in s-Catenin which leads to up-regulation of s-Catenin. The functional consequences of up-regulation of s-Catenin as an oncogene are complex in different tumors and tissues. TOP/FOP constructs are using to identify the activation of s-Catenin-TCF4-mediated transcription. We have already shown constitutive s-Catenin /TCF transcriptional activity in desmoids tumors. cDNA microarray analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in desmoid tumors were different than known Wnt target genes in colorectal cancer. (except for MMP7). Also we have shown that IGFBP6 is a direct target of s-Catenin -TCF4-mediated repression in desmoid. Different s-Catenin mutant can increase significantly TOP/FOP ratio in HEK293T cell line 32-52 folds while they cannot significantly modulate TOP/FOP ratio in CHO cell line. On the other hand, IGFBP6 as a direct target of s-Catenin -TCF4-mediated transcription is down-regulated by S33 mutant s-Catenin but not responsive to other mutant or deleted forms of s-Catenin in CHO cell line. In Hek293T cell line, this promoter is slightly activated but no significant change. Here we show that induction of constitutive s-Catenin /TCF transcriptional activity is dependent to cell context and TGF-Beta signaling pathway may regulate it in desmoid tumors. Our preliminary results suggest an additional role for TGF-Beta signaling pathway in modulating downstream targets in desmoids. TGF-Beta is activated in desmoid and their phenotype resembles mostly that of TGF-Beta activated myofibroblasts. In conclusion, we show that activation of constitutive s-Catenin /TCF transcriptional activity depends to cell context and different mutant form of s-Catenin can play different role in modulation of target genes. TGF-Beta signaling pathway may be the main regulator in this response in our tumor samples.


PURPOSE: An information providing system which uses a QR code having an authentication system is provided to supply content to a user by supplying information to a specific perform through a QR code. CONSTITUTION: A boor or a coupon(210) includes a QR(Quick Response) code and an authentication key obtained by a supplier. A terminal(240) includes a screen output unit, a QR code scanning unit, an ID/password input unit, a wired/wireless communication unit, and a memory. A main server(260) include ID/password database, authentication database, content database, and a memory. The authentication key and ID/password is transmitted/received through the wired/wireless communication unit of the main server.


The 2016 presidential election in the United States laid bare a reality about the country's political scene: Americans are angry. Presented with two candidates who were both historically unpopular, the level of vitriol and disgust exhibited by both sides of the political divide was noteworthy. Yet,while the 2016 election was characterized by these notably high levels of anger, such negativity was not a sudden development. In fact, the angerfueled election of Donald Trump to the presidency was part of a trend that had been developing for decades. Indeed, politicians have long known that anger can be a useful tactic for furthering their electoral goals. For example, during his successful campaign for Congress in 1978, Newt Gingrich spoke to a group of College Republicans about what he saw as the fundamental difference between the Democratic and Republican parties. The Democrats, Gingrich argued, "always produced young, nasty people who had no respect for their elders." By contrast, the Republicans encouraged their supporters to be "neat, obedient, and loyal and faithful and all those Boy Scout words, which would be great around the camp fire, but are lousy in politics." The solution to the Republicans' woes, according to Gingrich, was to encourage their supporters "to be nasty." To drive home his point,


OBJECTIVES
Several U.S. health surveillance surveys contain items related to self and proxy reports of dementia and subjective memory complaints (SMC). Despite their similar content, these items differ in terminology, item specificity, and time frame. The goal of this study was to analyze whether item features might influence endorsement rates for dementia and SMC.

METHODS
We calculated design-appropriate estimates for the endorsement of dementia and SMC across U.S.-based national surveys and employed pairwise comparisons to evaluate endorsement rates across surveys. We also examined item characteristics to explore possible effects on endorsement rates.

RESULTS
Endorsement rates were wide ranging for dementia (ranging from 2.7% - 9.9%) and SMC (5.6% - 46.6%). Pairwise comparisons revealed statistically significant differences on most dementia-related items (76%), and all SMC comparisons (100%). Items varied substantially in the terminology used to assess dementia and SMC (e.g., "dementia" versus "Alzheimer's disease") and used different time frames (e.g., "past month" versus "five years").

DISCUSSION
National survey data on reported dementia and SMC can have important research, training, and policy implications, yet endorsement rates vary widely across surveys. That variability could emerge from subtle but influential item characteristics, and our findings highlight the need for item harmonization, in even their most basic characteristics. Standardizing items across national surveillance surveys facilitates comparison across surveys so that we can better understand the true burden of these conditions to inform public health initiatives.


The quantitative description on knowledge transfer analysis is the assumption of library knowledge management.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation by matter-element model serve as a tool provide us a way to assess the knowledge transfer.This article introduce the basic theory of Fuzzy-Matter Element assessment method.The common steps of knowledge transfer assessment method based on Fuzzy-Matter Element was put forward.And this article introduced the basic principle and started from the factors which influence the capacity of knowledge transfer,including knowledge output capability,knowledge absorptive capability,in-teractivity between the two sides;selected a reasonable evaluation indexes and established the capacity evaluation model of library knowledge transfer.This new method was applied to an actual library knowledge transfer evaluation and taking a certain university library as an example,the practical analysis has proven that this method is preferable and feasible and provided an effective method in the knowledge management.


A career dilemma is a hypothetical or real situation in which a character is confronted with several career options each of which has advantages and disadvantages. The main purpose of presenting and discussing a dilemma in career counseling groups is to confront several appraisals of the situation in order to promote more complex thinking about career choices. Another important aim of this technique is to enhance interaction between group members and to analyze similar career dilemmas that the group participants have experienced in the past. The use of the discussion of career dilemmas is described, especially the role of the career counselor, and some suggestions for future research are presented.


The quantitative determination of trace cyanide ion in the presence of sulfide ion has been studied by addition of cupric ion using differential pulse Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry. The detection limit of cyanide ion in the presence of sulfide ion and cupric ion was in KCI-Phosphate buffer(pH=7.0) at accumulation potential -0.30V and accumulation time 3.0 min.


causality, as at the feeding of the five thousand, can disrupt situations that, to human logic, look hopeless. But Sedmak underplays the real demand for theory (e.g. economics) that crises pose. Davies' analysis of the changing understanding of the reality of Christ's body is fascinating, Janz's refusal of theoretical resolution ('nonresolution') is excellent, and Sedmak is surely right to point to the difficulties of theory in a world of desperate ethical demands. There are some weak points, but as a riposte to much recent theology this has substantial value.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the sagittal, vertical, and transverse relationship of the maxilla and mandible in Japanese girls with Class III malocclusions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This longitudinal study utilized biannual posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms of 44 untreated subjects from age 8 to 14 years (Class I, 23 girls; Class III, 21 girls). Sagittal and vertical growths were analyzed on the basis of lateral cephalograms, and transverse growth was analyzed on the basis of posteroanterior cephalograms.

RESULTS
There was no significant difference in sagittal intermaxillary relationships in Class III malocclusion from age 8 to 14 years, whereas significant difference in vertical and transverse intermaxillary relationships appeared with ages during this period. When comparing Class III to Class I malocclusions at the same age point, there were significant differences in sagittal and transverse intermaxillary relationships, whereas significant difference in vertical intermaxillary relationship appeared after 12 years of age.

CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the sagittal intermaxillary relationships in Class III malocclusions were established before 8 years of age and remained through puberty and that the vertical and transverse intermaxillary relationships in Class III malocclusions changed with ages from 8 to 14 years.


Objectives
Limited evidence is available regarding the impact of paternal occupation and its combined effect with maternal occupation on preterm birth. Therefore, we assessed the association of maternal and paternal occupations with preterm birth.

Methods
We used the national birth data of South Korea between 2010 and 2020. Parental occupations were divided into 5 categories: (1) managers; (2) professionals, technicians, and related workers; (3) clerks and support workers; (4) service and sales workers; and (5) manual workers. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of extremely, very, and moderate-to-late preterm births per occupational category considering individual risk factors.

Results
For the 4,004,976 singleton births, 40.2% of mothers and 95.5% of fathers were employed. Compared to non-employment, employment was associated with a lower risk of preterm birth. Among employed mothers, service and sales occupations were associated with a higher risk of preterm birth than managerial occupations (aOR=1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.10 for moderate-to-late preterm births). The father's manual occupation was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (aOR=1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13 for moderate-to-late preterm) than managerial occupations. When both parents had high-risk occupations, the risk of preterm birth was higher than in cases where only the mother or neither of the parents had a high-risk occupation.

Conclusion
Paternal occupation was associated with preterm birth regardless of maternal employment and occupation and modified the effect of maternal occupation. Detailed occupational environment data are needed to identify the paternal exposures that increase the risk.


This study analyzes the features of historical and modern mosques in Jordan compared to that of Amman. The architecture of the Jordanian mosques reflects the images of great ancient empires and kingdoms of Europe and the Middle East. This has happened due to the geographical position of the country. From the studies of historians and archaeologists, comparative analysis of planning solutions, the use of plastics and decor of the facades of mosques, and the literature on the construction methods of the mosques allow us to conclude that age-old traditions have been preserved through the establishment of mosques in both the countries. Besides, the emergence of new features in constructing mosques has been observed. We find the influence of western architecture in the modern-day architectural designs of Jordanian religious establishments. Meanwhile, in the architecture of Amman mosques, a type of small temple is noticed, the volumetric-plastic composition of which is solved in an innovative way, not to resembling historical temples. In constructing mosques, Amman focuses on preserving the identity and spirituality of the mosques but adds new metaphors by ensuring multidimensionality of space and adopting the architectural designs of modern cities. Changes in the architecture of mosques happened due not only to new technologies and materials but, also to integrate with the processes of globalization and international cooperation of architects. We observe the construction of ancient mosques in both the countries combined both European and American architecture which reveals new images and possibilities of the architecture of the East.


This study examines the matriculation achievements of Israeli high school pupils studying in a technology track (vocational training) compared with the achievements of pupils who studied in an academic track. A straightforward comparison of the pupils' achievements would be biased, since the pupils in the technology track tend to come from modest family backgrounds and have lower-than-average personal skills compared to pupils in the academic track. In order to compensate for the selectivity of the choice of study track, we use the Propensity Score Matching estimation method. The study reveals that the percentage of pupils in the technology track who take the matriculation exam and are eligible for a matriculation certificate is small compared with the percentage of pupils from the academic track with similar characteristics (in terms of personal skills and family background). The gap persists even when we compare weaker pupils, despite the fact that one of the main goals of the technology track is to advance such pupils.


The detection and genetic analysis of fetal cells in maternal blood will permit noninvasive prenatal screening for genetic defects. Applied Imaging has developed and is currently evaluating a system for semiautomatic detection of fetal nucleated red blood cells on slides and acquisition of their DNA probe FISH images. The specimens are blood smears from pregnant women (9 - 16 weeks gestation) enriched for nucleated red blood cells (NRBC). The cells are identified by using labeled monoclonal antibodies directed to different types of hemoglobin chains (gamma, epsilon); the nuclei are stained with DAPI. The Applied Imaging system has been implemented with both Olympus BX and Nikon Eclipse series microscopes which were equipped with transmission and fluorescence optics. The system includes the following motorized components: stage, focus, transmission, and fluorescence filter wheels. A video camera with light integration (COHU 4910) permits low light imaging. The software capabilities include scanning, relocation, autofocusing, feature extraction, facilities for operator review, and data analysis. Detection of fetal NRBCs is achieved by employing a combination of brightfield and fluorescence images of nuclear and cytoplasmic markers. The brightfield and fluorescence images are all obtained with a single multi-bandpass dichroic mirror. A Z-stack of DNA probe FISH images is acquired by moving focus and switching excitation filters. This stack is combined to produce an enhanced image for presentation and spot counting.


Poster: "ECR 2020 / C-03790 / Kinetic Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Determined using Computer-aided Diagnosis of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Images: Relationship to Distant Metastasis-free Survival " by: " J. Y. Kim , J. J. Kim; Busan/KR"


Large meshed high opening trawl was found to be very efficient for the exploitation of column and off bottom fishes. The net is found more efficient than the bulged belly trawl in capturing different varieties of column fishes comprising of squids, pomfrets, barracudas, cat fishes, sharks and rays. The net offers 18% lesser resistance which in turn results in utilization of lesser horse power. The trawl is very simple in construction and requires minimum maintenance because of reduced number of meshes. The total cost of the net is less by 35% as the larger mesh size reduces the material requirement and cost of fabrication.


Objective To explore the relationship between serum homocysteine(Hcy) and microalbuminuria levels in elderly patients with essential hypertension(EH)and effects of folic acid and so on.Methods Seventy-six elderly patients with EH(EH group) and 20 normal cases(control group)were selected,serum levels of Hcy,folic acid,VitB12 and urinary albumin(uAlb),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG),urinary immunoglobulin(IgG) were measured,the relationship among which were analyzed.The EH group were treated with folic acid,VitB6 and VitB12 for 16 weeks,then the above-mentioned parameters were measured again.Results The serum Hcy and uAlb levels in EH group were higher than those in the control group(P0.05,0.01) and showed positive relationship(r=0.678,P0.05).While the serum levels of folic acid,VitB6,VitB12 in the EH group were lower than those in the control group(P0.05,0.01).The serum Hcy and microalbuminuria level in EH group decreased significantly after combination treatment of folic acid,VitB6,VitB12.Conclusion The serum Hcy levels in elderly patients with EH is closely related to the early renal injury,treatment by folic acid and so on is useful.


A large-scale view of O3 transport over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) in summer illustrates distinct sources of O3, and separate transport mechanisms are important at different vertical levels in the troposphere. The week-long period presented covers a sequence of O3 sondes released from Bermuda and encompasses two surface O3 events in the month-long NARE intensive. O3 and CO peaked at Chebogue Point on the evening of August 25 and after midnight on the morning of August 28. At Sable Island, peaks occurred during early morning of August 26 and late morning of August 28. These events occurred under W-SW winds associated with advancing low-pressure systems that transported anthropogenic pollutants over the WNAO. The concentrations dropped with the passage of a trough or a cold front. Evidence suggests the surface was occasionally isolated from polluted air during favorable transport with pollutants lifted in warm sector flow riding over a wedge of cool, thermodynamically stable air. In addition to surface O3, the O3-sonde profile over Bermuda on the morning of August 27 showed a deep layer of O3 from 6 to 12 km. Using back trajectories and two tracers (isentropic potential vorticity and water vapor), we illustrate that stratospheric ozone exchanged into the upper troposphere in conjunction with surface cyclogenesis was advected through the middle to upper troposphere over the midlatitudes with the potential to reach lower altitudes through subsidence in regions of anticyclonic motion.


The present article explores the necessity for improving the methods of training students in technical secondary schools by developing new approaches to pedagogical education.


was investigated using patch tests and photopatch tests. Cedar poisoning is an ill-defined term applied to skin diseases occurring in forest workers in British Columbia. Allergic skin reactions to soft woods are infrequent and prob¬ ably rare. Lichens are fungi that live in symbiosis with algae. Allergy to lichens is a small but well-defined subgroup within the occupational dermatitis of forest workers.2' 3 The role of exposure to allergens and to light in patients with dermatitis chiefly affecting the exposed skin surfaces (surfaces of the skin not usually covered by clothing) is frequently difficult to evaluate. Polymorphous eruptions due to photosensitivity (polymorphic photoder¬ matitis4) of the chronic eczematous type, and allergic contact dermatitis may be clinically indistinguishable from atopic dermatitis (dis¬ seminated neurodermatitis). Seven of these patients are described in some detail to illustrate the differential diagnosis and the investigation of such dermatitis using simple equipment. The diagnoses in these seven pa¬ tients are shown in Table I. The first three men illustrate the individual effects of light and allergic sensitizers in patients with dermatitis of exposed skin surfaces. Moss and lichen were the allergic sensitizers. The fourth man illus¬


Fuzzy relational equations have been studied in the realm of fuzzy sets for several decades. They have been investigated in the context of fuzzy modeling (fuzzy relational models) and fuzzy control. One interesting look at the relational structures could be established from a perspective of logic relationships (logic expressions) they capture. We consider a fuzzy relational equation in the following form x ◦R = y, (1) where x and y are fuzzy sets defined in the finite spaces, namely x ∈ [0, 1]n, y ∈ [0, 1]m and R is a fuzzy relation defined over the Cartesian product of the corresponding spaces, that is R ∈ [0, 1]n×[0, 1]m. The commonly encountered composition operators are those of the max − t and min − s form; here "t" denotes a certain t-norm while "s" stands for a t-conorm.


Abstract : A method for determining viscous damper values and damper locations for a structure which has particular damping requirements is presented in this paper. The method is intended as a starting point in a design process. The finite element approach and concept of modal strain energy are heavily relied upon. To illustrate the solution sequences, a sample problem is included in the report. The method was applied to a large space-based telescope in which damping of optical support structures is critical for tracking and pointing accuracy. The results of the sample problem indicated that the method will yield the desired amount of damping in a structure provided that the complex mode shapes do not significantly deviate from the classical mode shapes. Since the characterization of non-viscous dampers is considerably more complicated than viscous dampers, the author suggests that the method presented in this paper be used in the early phases of design. If viscous damping values are known, the range of other candidate dampers may be narrowed. (Author)


It is well known that the development of software supported by CASE tools improves product quality assurance. In this paper, we describe our experience in the use of automation tools during the process of developing software for embedded systems. They are called: FlexCA, which is designed to provide flexibility in information processing, and Auto Sanity Tool, which is designed for testing. These tools are used in the stage of adaptive maintenance and testing. We also show significant results regarding the increase of production speed of the generated software as well as the decrease in the amount of errors with the use of these tools.


Two different approximate state models are presented for the performance analysis of a shared-memory multiprocessor system. The steady-state solutions for the state transition matrices were obtained by applying an iterative numerical technique. The numerical results illustrate that the state models produce less than 5% approximation error compared to simulation results. It has been observed that the coefficient of variation for the service time of the shared memory has little effect on the system performance.<<ETX>>


OBJECTIVE To understand the infective index of blood of pregnant women.METHODS The infective index of blood such as HBsAg,anti-HCV,TRUST syphilis serum test and anti-HIV of 2586 pregnant women who came to our hospital for prenatal care was detected.RESULTS Among the 2586 pregnant women,there were 235 HBsAg positive cases(9.09%),3 anti-HCV positive cases(0.12%),28 TRUST syphilis serum test positive cases(1.08%),and 2 anti-HIV cases(0.08%).CONCLUSIONS There are 268 pregnant women with positive infective index of blood,accounting for 10.36%,seriously affecting the health of the fetus,sufficient attention should be paid to control the vertical transmission for prenatal and postnatal care.


Abstract: Epidemiological observations, clinical mechanistic studies, and basic laboratory research suggest that estrogen therapy is associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects in postmenopausal women. Estrogen has a multitude of biological effects that may account for this apparent benefit (which remains to be proved in randomized clinical trials), including favorable effects on the lipid profile, increased endothelial nitric oxide bioactivity, and enhanced fibrinolysis. However, long‐term estrogen therapy increases the risk of breast and endometrial cancers. Raloxifene, a benzothiophene derivative that binds to the estrogen receptor, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, producing estrogen‐agonist effects in some tissues (liver, bone) and estrogen‐antagonistic effects in others (breast, uterus), and may prove to be an option for women with atherosclerosis or its risk factors. This review updates the current knowledge of the biological effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators of potential cardiovascular importance in postmenopausal women.


SUMMARY Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which date from the Devonian era, must have dealt very early on with problems of plant defence, a tactic which has enabled them to colonize roots of most extant plant taxa. Conversely, plants forming arbuscular mycorrhiza must exert some sort of control over the fungi during symbiotic interactions since mycelial proliferation within roots is confined to the cortical parenchyma tissue. Plants possess a panoply of defence mechanisms which are triggered by microbial attack. Here we review present-day knowledge of defencerelated root responses to colonization by AM fungi, and assess their possible implications in the symbiosis. Weak, transient, unco-ordinated or extremely localized activation of inducible defence responses occurs during compatible interactions in AM which differs from that in plant-pathogen interactions. When symbiosis-related plant genes are mutated, typical defence responses are associated with resulting root resistance to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi whilst, contrastingly, plants constitutively expressing defence genes are unaffected in their symbiotic capacities. The mechanisms by which plants can modulate defence responses during symbiotic interactions and the way in which AM fungi might contend with these are discussed.


Streets are one of the vital components of an urban form that support public and private activities of the city dwellers. Streets are most public of all city spaces and been utilizes by all the users. Therefore the street characteristics and qualities must fulfil the need of all the users. This paper presents findings from a user's survey which sought user perceptions towards various street characteristics and qualities in Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman Kuala Lumpur Malaysia that contribute to user friendly street. Such characteristics and qualities included physical, functional and socio cultural. User perceptions information was obtained through a survey of daily users (those who are constantly engage with the street) and occasional users (those who are not dependent on the study are such as shoppers and visitors). It is expected that the findings from this study will help designers, urban planners and policy makers understand the needs and attitudes of users towards user friendly street in Malaysia.


DURING normal times the problem of the detached man, whether domiciled or homeless, is (except in a very few cities) little understood and receives but slight attention. Agencies and individuals are not anxious to become involved in the problem. Various factors contribute to this lack of interest: the independence of the individual man detached from his group; his apparent ability to care for himself, even though on a level far below normal; his lack of immediate dependents; the ability to shift the responsibility for his care because of lack of legal residence; and the general feeling that there are few possibilities for constructive case work because of his transientness and lack of stability. Furthermore, these men have only recently become an urban problem; they tend to sink to a common level where the individual becomes submerged in the mass living in whatever section of the community is set apart for him. Our concern at the moment, however, is less with the reasons for the situation than with the results of decentralization in handling the problem during an industrial crisis and with the possibilities of a planned program. The lack of a community program' hampers any work done with the homeless during normal times but its effects are seen only by those closely connected with the problem and, harmful as they may be, are not necessarily disastrous. During an emergency the results are much more serious.' New York may not be typical of the whole country, but it presents an interesting illustration of what can happen to the detached man during a period of wide-spread unemployment. The problem here is probably greater in size and complications than in any other city in the country, not only from the standpoint of the number of men, but also so far as agencies of all types are concerned. An unusually large number of missions, speakeasies, and churches, and a


Bronchoscopy is a commonly performed procedure and is most frequently performed using moderate sedation. The agents most commonly used for this are a combination of midazolam and fentanyl given in intermittent bolus doses. For gastroenterology procedures, deep sedation has been used much more frequently; however, this may represent a difference in training of the practitioners: airway management is not a routine part of gastroenterology training and therefore they would be more likely to relinquish this role to anesthesiologists who will employ deep sedation. For longer bronchoscopy procedures, for example, foreign body retrievals, deep sedation may make successful completion easier. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is rapidly being adopted as a technique for sampling hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes and masses. Especially for staging of lung cancer, this can be a longer procedure requiring many passes in many lymph node stations. This was a retrospective analysis of all EBUS-TBNA procedures performed at 2 major academic medical centers. One center used moderate sedation for all their procedures, and the other used propofol for deep sedation. For moderate sedation, the proceduralist ordered a combination of midazolam and fentanyl administered by a nurse. For deep sedation, either an anesthesiologist or a nurse anesthetist administered propofol. Both centers had an interventional pulmonology program and procedures were performed by an interventional pulmonology attending and a fellow who had already performed at least 50 procedures. Approximately 15 procedures were performed at each hospital over a 12-month period. In the vast majority of procedures, adequate specimens were obtained. More patients in the moderate sedation group had normal or nondiagnostic findings than with deep sedation (36.3% vs. 22.7%). Those with deep sedation were also more likely to undergo mediastinoscopy and many had radiographic follow-up to confirm true negative status. The diagnostic yield was also higher in the deep sedation group with almost 80% of procedures establishing a diagnosis versus 66.4% in the moderate sedation group. More lymph nodes were sampled in the deep sedation group (mean, 2.2 vs. 1.4) with smaller mean diameter of the first node sampled (1.2 vs. 1.8 cm) and a slightly greater number of passes in the first node (3.3 vs. 3.0). The various lymph node stations were sampled with similar frequencies. Despite this, the procedural time was shorter in the deep sedation group (36.4 vs. 46.9 min). The most common adverse effect of EBUS-TBNA was minor bleeding in 7 patients.


Article history: A popular approach to deal with the "curse of dimensionality" in relation with high- dimensional data analysis is to assume that points in these datasets lie on a low- dimensional manifold immersed in a high-dimensional ambient space. Kernel methods operate on this assumption and introduce the notion of local affinities between data points via the construction of a suitable kernel. Spectral analysis of this kernel provides a global, preferably low-dimensional, coordinate system that preserves the qualities of the manifold. In this paper, we extend the scalar relations used in this framework to matrix relations, which can encompass multidimensional similarities between local neighborhoods of points on the manifold. We utilize the diffusion maps methodology together with linear- projection operators between tangent spaces of the manifold to construct a super-kernel that represents these relations. The properties of the presented super-kernels are explored and their spectral decompositions are utilized to embed the patches of the manifold into a tensor space in which the relations between them are revealed. We present two applications that utilize the patch-to-tensor embedding framework: data classification and data clustering.


The traveling-wave slot antenna is similar to a traveling-wave wire antenna, but it is far more versatile because the phase velocity and rate of radiation of the fields in the antenna can be controlled. Four types of traveling-wave slot antennas have been identified. These are: (a) the conventional transverse electric, TE (no tangential E field parallel to the slot length); (b) transverse magnetic, TM (no tangential H field parallel to the slot length); (c) a hybrid with negligible transverse E, and (d) a hybrid with negligible normal H. Only the hybrid types are capable of producing maximum radiation in the direction of the slot axis (i.e., end-fire radiation). The complex propagation constant which is characteristic of uniform traveling-wave slots has been measured for a variety of waveguide geometries and is presented in the form of graphs. The radiation pattern of a traveling-wave slot can be controlled to give low side lobe or "cosecant squared" type patterns by appropriate variation of slot width with distance z along the axis. An approximate formula for the variation of attenuation a with z required to give a specified pattern can be derived. This in turn gives the required variation of slot width with z. An examination of the principle of superposition shows that the conventional technique of array design is an approximation which has proved inadequate in the design of certain slot arrays. A more elaborate technique is described which has the merit that the array pattem can be predicted exactly from measurements made by exciting individual elements of the array. Various forms of traveling-wave slot antennas have been considered by different authors.4-10 The basic features can be illustrated by considering the form suggested by Booker.4 In a conventional rectangular waveguide operating in the lowest order TE mode, as in Fig. 1, the magnetic field components Hv and H. are zero on the central plane represented by a dashed line in Fig. 1.


Psychiatric practice and research have in recent years been marked by two major changes: first by the recognition of the public health importance of mental disorders in general health care (and in developing countries); and second by the tremendous growth of research in the field of neuroscience. The articles assembled in this supplement stem from a symposium which to an extent reflects these changes. Four of the articles deal with sleep problems seen in general practice and discuss the frequency, recognition, form, severity, consequences and treatment of sleep disorders; the remaining article deals with neurophysiological measurement relevant to the recognition and treatment of the disorder. Sleep disorders are of major epistemological, scientific and practical interest. Although a variety of laboratory measurements are possible (and can be carried out reliably): definition of sleep disorders remains dependent on the subjective experience of disturbed sleep, early waking or difficulties of falling asleep. The limit between 'normal' sleep and sleep disorders is uncertain. There is little solid evidence about the distribution of sleep patterns in the world's populations. Evidence about types and severity of impairment of various mental functions which can be specifically attributed to sleep problems is also lacking for most population groups. Research in this area usually produces more queries than answers. Findings about the effects of shift work on sleep and working ability, for example, introduced a new array of questions about the most useful targets for the treatment of complex sleep disorders. Neither are the strategies of treatment for sleep disorders well-defined. There are considerable differences between recommendations concerning treatment made by various professional groups and experts. Medical and psychiatric training materials at undergraduate and postgraduate level are also remarkably laconic and often vague and general when it comes to the management of sleep problems. In part, this is due to the uncertainty about the nosological status of sleep disorders which some see only as symptoms of some other diseases (which should be the prime target of treatment) and others as an independent set of disorders which can be (and often is) comorbid with other physical and mental disorders. In part, however, this situation is also caused by the banalization of the problem expressed in the argument that sleep disorders are so frequent that they must be considered as part of the human condition and that, therefore, there is neither a reason nor the possibility to treat those who complain about their sleep. The articles presented herein give partial answers to some of the questions listed above. The main findings presented can easily be summarized: sleep problems are frequent; they aggravate the course of diseases in which they appear and can, even when occurring independently of other diseases, cause impairment, lessen working capacity and result in other problems affecting the life of those who have sleep disorders. There are however many questions that remain open and underline the necessity of seeking worldwide consensus about the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of sleep disorders as well as about directions of research which are most likely to lead to a better understanding ofthe mechanisms of sleep (and wakefulness) and to an effective management of sleep disorders.


The isomerization of α-pinene in the vapor phase over alumina catalysts of varying acid strength has been studied. The isomerization proceeds via two parallel paths, one giving bi- and tricyclic products such as camphene, β-pinene, tricyclene, and bornylene and the other giving rise to monocyclic compounds such as dipentene, terpinolene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and p-menthene. Dependence of the distribution of reaction products on space time reveals that camphene, β-pinene, tricyclene, dipentene, and terpinolene are the primary products. The acid strength of alumina catalysts has a remarkable influence on the selectivity ratio of bi- and tricyclic to monocyclic products, the strong acid sites favoring the formation of monocyclic products. From the study of the reactions of camphene and tricyclene over the same catalysts under similar conditions it has been concluded that the decrease in the selectivity ratio with increasing acid strength of the catalysts is mainly due to the further isomerizat...


In this note we prove that several classes of LittlewoodPaley square operators defined by the kernels without any regularity are bounded on Triebel-Lizorkin spaces F p,q α (Rn) and Besov spaces B α (Rn) for 0 < α < 1 and 1 < p, q <∞.


Acute kidney injury(AKI) can lead to remote organ damage.The specific mechanism by which the AKI results in distant organ damage is yet to be determined.In animal models, it has become increasingly clear that AKI is not an isolated event but results in remote organ dysfunction involving the heart, lungs, liver, and brain.This review summarizes the effects of AKI on remote organs.

Key words:
Acute kidney injury; Remote organ; Damage


Purpose: Auger electrons have strong potential for targeted radiotherapy applications because of their relatively short ranged dose profile. 119Sb in particular shows promise as a radioisotope for this application because of its electron emissions with energies near 20 keV. A stochastic characterization of 119Sb and comparison to other auger emitting nuclides has been made to demonstrate this advantage. Methods: A Monte Carlo electron transport code has been written in Python to model the dose to a single cell for activity distributions within the cell membrane, cellular cytoplasm, and nuclear cytoplasm. A spherical geometry has been used, where energy is deposited in shells about the cell center. An extrapolated power fit has been used to model low‐energy electron stopping powers under a continual slowing down approximation. S‐values for dose to the nucleus were calculated from simulation results and were compared to previous analytic results (Thisgaard et. al., Med. Phys. 35, 2008). Finally, the results from this code were compared to other auger electron transport Monte Carlo codes for dosimetric verification. Results: For a cell and nucleus of radius 8μm and 6μm respectively, calculated 119Sb S‐values for activity distributions were 4.10E‐4 Gy/(s Bq) in the cell membrane, 5.93E‐4 Gy/(s Bq) in the cytoplasm, and 2.06E‐3 Gy/(s Bq) within the nucleus. These values are within 13% of S‐values calculated analytically. An explanation for this difference is the omission of CK electrons from this simulation. S‐values calculated for 123I compared with other auger electron transport codes typically agree within a 10% margin. Conclusion: Simulated 119Sb dose distributions have been shown to agree with analytic calculations. The ability of Auger electrons to localize dose to a single cell may lead to a significant dose reduction in healthy tissue. With the development of proper production and chelation techniques, 119Sb shows promise as a radiotherapeutic nuclide. This research was supported by the US Department of Energy: DE‐FG02‐12ER41882


An alternative approach to loading metal organic frameworks with gas molecules at high (kbar) pressures is reported. The technique, which uses liquefied gases as pressure transmitting media within a diamond anvil cell along with a single-crystal of a porous metal-organic framework, is demonstrated to have considerable advantages over other gas-loading methods when investigating host-guest interactions. Specifically, loading the metal-organic framework Sc2BDC3 with liquefied CO2 at 2 kbar reveals the presence of three adsorption sites, one previously unreported, and resolves previous inconsistencies between structural data and adsorption isotherms. A further study with supercritical CH4 at 3-25 kbar demonstrates hyperfilling of the Sc2 BDC3 and two high-pressure displacive and reversible phase transitions are induced as the filled MOF adapts to reduce the volume of the system.


BACKGROUND: Combination of apical control convex pedicle screws (ACPS) with traditional dual growing rods (TDGRs) had better apex control ability for early-onset scoliosis (EOS); however, there is a paucity of studies on the ACPS technique. OBJECTIVE: To compare 3-dimensional deformity correction parameters and complications between the apical control technique (DGR + ACPS) and TDGR in the treatment of EOS. METHODS: A retrospective case-match analysis consisting of 12 cases of EOS treated with the DGR + ACPS technique (group A) from 2010 to 2020, and matched with TDGR case (group B) at a ratio of 1:1 by age, sex, curve type, major curve degree, and apical vertebral translation (AVT). Clinical assessment and radiological parameters were measured and compared. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics, preoperative main curve, and AVT were comparable between groups. The correction ability of the main curve, AVT, and apex vertebral rotation were better in group A at index surgery (P < .05). The increase in T1-S1 and T1-T12 height was large in group A at index surgery (P = .011, P = .074). The annual increase in spinal height was slower in group A, but without significant difference. The surgical time and estimated blood loss were comparable. Six complications occurred in group A, and 10 occurred in group B. CONCLUSION: In this preliminary study, ACPS seems to provide better correction of apex deformity, while attaining the comparable spinal height at 2-year follow-up. Larger cases and longer follow-up are needed to achieve reproducible and optimal results.


Porous silicon(PS) was made from silicons by a pulsed current etching method.Three methods were tested to choose the best way of immobilizing penicillin aptamer on glass sheet,called the covalent bonding method,ion-absorbing method,and APTES-modified glutaraldehyde cross-linking method.After penicillin aptamer was immobilized on the modified PS,the impedances were determined and compared by AC impedence method under conditions of adding and without adding penicillin.Then,an equivalent circuit was established for impedance fitting.The Nyquist plots of PS sensor could prove that the aptamer was immobilized and the nano-biosensor established.The linear range of the sensor was 0.05-0.20 mg/L.The sensitivity limit was 0.05 mg/L.


It has been discovered that under influence of a low-frequency magnetic field on the sorghum germs the decrease of its typical values of permittivity and dielectric losses tangent takes place. After stopping of magnetic field influence the permittivity during values and dielectric losses tangent return into initial state during ~2 hours.


To live a happy, fulfilling and purposeful life is something both teachers and students wish for. As relationships seem to be a factor which is most likely to make one's personal life and career happy, successful and fulfilled, it is essential to re-examine language teaching in this respect. Therefore, this paper aims at reflecting on the extent to which teachers may equip students with language and skills and thus allow for developing successful relationships and rapport. The focus of the paper is to understand, analyse and describe why at least some of the great amount of universal as well as culture-specific etiquette rules should be explored in English language teaching and how teachers can do that. This paper, therefore, investigates which topics can be used to allow for fruitful interactions between teachers of languages and their students in this area. To ensure that suggested topics and activities are applicable in a diverse educational context, the activities are described in a rather general way. The primary objective is to inspire foreign language teachers to create authentic and meaningful classroom interaction on the base of digging into social etiquette with regard to the cross-cultural aspect. As a result, learners' knowledge and skills will be enhanced in terms of building relationships and rapport in a foreign language. What is more, they will be able to interact in social situations with grace. To sum up, this paper looks into preparing often linguistically homogenous classrooms for a culturally diverse world in an effective way and a manner enjoyable for all parties involved.


Background: Facility-based delivery care is an essential component of maternity care. Overtime, its under-utilization despite improvement in antenatal attendance has become a public health concern in Nigeria. To assess the effect of antenatal education on the knowledge and utilization of facility-based delivery services among pregnant women in primary health facilities in Alimosho, Lagos. Methods: Quasi-experimental design of 2 groups preand post-intervention was adopted and through multi-staged sampling techniques, 128 participants were selected but 117 completed the study. Self-developed structured questionnaire with reliability index of 0.76 was used for data collection. The intervention package was antenatal education package on benefits and components of delivery services. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 statistical package. Results: The mean age of participants in control and experimental groups was 32.3±9.60 and 34.7±8.21 years respectively. Findings revealed moderate knowledge mean score (control54.97±10.52; experimental-52.14±11.09) and low pre-intervention utilization mean score (control 13.33±3.41; experimental-13.17±4.21). Findings also showed significant improvement on post-intervention mean knowledge score of 52.14±11.09 versus 104.75±5.56 and a significant difference in post-intervention utilization (p=0.000) and follow-up (p=0.013) on the experimental group. Conclusions: The study concluded that the antenatal education programme had positive effect on the pregnant women's knowledge and utilization of health facility delivery services, therefore, there is need to strengthen and intensify antenatal education at all levels of healthcare using appropriate teaching techniques.


comparative librarianship from the earliest signs to the assumed accolade of a &dquo;reader&dquo; seems to be matched only by computer applications and media technology, and those subjects are a long way from comparative librarianship on any scales of cerebration/intellectual content or of measurable practice in libraries. Not that comparative librarianship need be only cerebration for, as the editor and many of his contributors make clear, studies in comparative librarianship frequently lead to that greater understanding needed for the improvement of services to users.


The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of bacteria including several opportunistic human pathogens. Immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients are especially vulnerable to serious infections by these bacteria, motivating the search for compounds with antimicrobial activity against the Bcc. The natural product ubonodin is a lasso peptide with promising activity against several Bcc species, working by inhibiting RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria. In this study, we developed a high-throughput screen using next-generation sequencing to examine the fitness of a library of over 90,000 ubonodin variants, generating the most comprehensive dataset on lasso peptide activity so far. This screen revealed information regarding the structure-activity relationship of ubonodin over a large sequence space, indicating certain residues that can tolerate amino acid substitutions and still retain activity. Remarkably, the screen identified one variant with not only improved activity compared to wild-type ubonodin but also a sub-micromolar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a clinical isolate of the Bcc member Burkholderia cenocepacia. Ubonodin and several of the variants identified in this study had a lower MIC against certain Bcc strains than many clinically approved antibiotics. Finally, the large library size enabled us to develop DeepLasso, a deep learning model that can predict the RNAP inhibitory activity of an ubonodin variant.


Prefetching is a simple and general method for single-chain parallelisation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm based on the idea of evaluating the posterior in parallel and ahead of time. In this paper improved Metropolis-Hastings prefetching algorithms are presented and evaluated. It is shown how to use available information to make better predictions of the future states of the chain and increase the efficiency of prefetching considerably. The optimal acceptance rate for the prefetching random walk Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is obtained for a special case and it is shown to decrease in the number of processors employed. The performance of the algorithms is illustrated using a well-known macroeconomic model. Bayesian estimation of DSGE models, linearly or nonlinearly approximated, is identified as a potential area of application for prefetching methods. The generality of the proposed method, however, suggests that it could be applied in many other contexts as well.


A natural way to design a negotiation dialogue system is via self-play RL: train an agent that learns to maximize its performance by interacting with a simulated user that has been designed to imitate human-human dialogue data. Although this procedure has been adopted in prior work, we find that it results in a fundamentally flawed system that fails to learn the value of compromise in a negotiation, which can often lead to no agreements (i.e., the partner walking away without a deal), ultimately hurting the model's overall performance. We investigate this observation in the context of the DealOrNoDeal task, a multi-issue negotiation over books, hats, and balls. Grounded in negotiation theory from Economics, we modify the training procedure in two novel ways to design agents with diverse personalities and analyze their performance with human partners. We find that although both techniques show promise, a selfish agent, which maximizes its own performance while also avoiding walkaways, performs superior to other variants by implicitly learning to generate value for both itself and the negotiation partner. We discuss the implications of our findings for what it means to be a successful negotiation dialogue system and how these systems should be designed in the future.


Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the impac t of war on children depression and anxiety, and other mental health pro blems. Methods: The study was conducted in the entire Gaza Strip tw o weeks after finishing War on Gaza that lasted for 23 days. The study sample included 374 children aged 6-17 years. Children completed measures of experience of traumatic events (Gaza Traumatic Checklist-War on G aza), SDQ-self, and SDQparents. Results: Palestinians children experiences variety of traumat ic events: 93.9% hear shelling of the area by artillery, 93.9% hear the son ic sounds of the jetfighters, and 69% left home form more safe place, and 24.5% exposed t o burn by bombs. Each child reported 12.80 traumatic events. The study showed that mean traumatic events was 13.8, 33.5% of chi ldren reported low traumatic level, 51 .2% reported moderate level, and 15.3% reported hig h level of traumatic events. Using SDQ, the study showed that 59.9% of children rated themselves as having psychiatric morbidity compared to 61.5% by p arents' report, 17.4% reported hyperactivity compared to 23.5% by parents' report, 57.2% reported emotional problems compared to 51.9% by parents' re port, 72.7% reported conduct problems compared to 82.1% by parents repor t, 32.9% reported peer relationships compared to 40.6% by parents' report, and 8% report ed social problems compared to 13% by parents' report. Total SDQ by self was negatively associated with h earing of arrest of someone or a friend, and positively predicted by witnessing the signs of shelling on the ground and being detained at home d uring i ncursion. While total SDQ by parents scores was positively associat ed with being detained at home during incursion, watching mutilated bodies in TV, and witnessing of own home demolition. Conclusions: This study revealed that children living in area of con flict and war are the main group at risk of developing me ntal health problems and the international laws to protect the civilians dur ing the conflict and establishing save haven for children and their fami lies to decrease the effect of war on children. Also, we recommend doing more f ollowup study of the same sample after 6 months to evaluate the effect of con tinuous trauma on children mental health problems. More intervention programs such as expressive writing therapy, mind body, school bases crisis inter vention, group's intervention, and cognitive behaviour methods should be applied a nd evaluated for its efficacy in developing better coping strategies wit h similar traumatic events.


We derive fundamental lower bounds on the connectivity and the memory requirements of deep neural networks guaranteeing uniform approximation rates for arbitrary function classes in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$. In other words, we establish a connection between the complexity of a function class and the complexity of deep neural networks approximating functions from this class to within a prescribed accuracy. Additionally, we prove that our lower bounds are achievable for a broad family of function classes. Specifically, all function classes that are optimally approximated by a general class of representation systems---so-called affine systems---can be approximated by deep neural networks with minimal connectivity and memory requirements. Affine systems encompass a wealth of representation systems from applied harmonic analysis such as wavelets, ridgelets, curvelets, shearlets, $\alpha$-shearlets, and more generally $\alpha$-molecules. Our central result elucidates a remarkable universality property of neural networks and shows that they achieve the optimum approximation properties of all affine systems combined. As a specific example, we consider the class of $\alpha^{-1}$-cartoon-like functions, which is approximated optimally by $\alpha$-shearlets. We also explain how our results can be extended to the case of functions on low-dimensional immersed manifolds. Finally, we present numerical experiments demonstrating that the standard stochastic gradient descent algorithm generates deep neural networks providing close-to-optimal approximation rates at minimal connectivity. Moreover, these results indicate that stochastic gradient descent can actually learn approximations that are sparse in the representation systems optimally sparsifying the function class the network is trained on.


Molecular self-assembly of biomolecules, especially proteins and peptides has elucidated much interest in recent years due to the reproducibility of structures and the high degree of control on the formation kinetics and morphology by varying the self-assembling conditions. These self-assembled structures have found widespread applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery and electronics. Two pentapeptides, namely Soto peptide (LPFFD) and the Tjernberg peptide (KLVFF), have been proposed to effectively curtail amyloid plaque deposits. Being amphipathic, these molecules can undergo self-assembly that can be influenced by a host of factors including concentration, pH, proteins, salt content, etc. However, this facet is scarcely explored till date, which might pave way for the novel treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Our data show that the peptide spontaneously forms micelles and they are rich in beta sheet structures, which is confirmed using FT-IR, SAED and thioflavin binding studies. While, acidic pH seems to have no role in the formation of higher order structures, alkaline pH promotes longitudinal and lateral stacking interactions resulting in formation of higher order structures. We also found that the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the substrate also play a major role in the formation of higher order structures. Moreover, the micelles formed by the KLVFF peptide under various environmental conditions exhibits excellent surface tension lowering effects which is in good agreement with the cell proliferation data that showed the protective ability of KLVFF peptide against Aβ1–42 cytotoxicity indicating its potential in Alzheimer's disease therapy as an aggregation blocking agent.


Globalization has increased the degree of connectivity of communication networks. Organizations are spending a huge amount for securing their data and information. The rising competition in the global market has increased the threats to access the sensitive data. Whether data is at rest or mobile data, it is the need of the hour to secure it from unauthorized access. Over the time a number of techniques and algorithms have been proposed for its security. A technique, which is good for one type of application, may not be effective and efficient for other applications. However, all the existing techniques suffer from one common drawback that is the size of the Cipher text, which is always same or more than the size of the Plain text. We in this research paper, qualitatively, emphasize the need of securing the data but keeping the size of Cipher text under check. We propose a new technique and algorithm to encrypt the Plaintext into a reduced size Cipher text. KeywordsAlgorithm, reduce, cipher, size, text, security.


The article presents a case of the use of medicamentous technique redicing blood loss with terlipressin a long-acting synthetic analogue of antidiuretic hormone. This pharmaceutical drug causes constrictin of arterioles, veins and venules, which leads to the reduction of blood flow in the visceral organs and pressure reduction in the portal system. In our federal institution of healthcare, a patient with chronic pancreatitis complicated by segmentary portal hypertension and portal cavernoma underwent proximal resection of pancreatic head by C.Fray, placing of a longitudinal pancreatojejunoanastomosis and azigoportal disconnection. The description of this case is aimed at drawing attention to relatively new and developing methods of medicamentous technique redicing blood loss, which in combination with surgical methods allows reducing perioperative blood loss in upper abdominal surgeries.


Myocardial contractile response and IP3, cAMP and cGMP interrelationships : an experimental study in the perfused working normal and pressure overloaded rat heart


The present invention relates to a collector for collecting the light emitted by the light source light and converting the collected light beam. The light collector includes a central lens portion aligned along the optical axis of the light source, wherein the central lens comprises a central incident surface and the exit surface center. Light collecting lens portion further has at least a portion of the periphery around the center of the lens. A peripheral lens entrance surface includes a peripheral, the peripheral reflective surface and a peripheral exit surface. Further comprising a lens center positioned in the center of the incident surface of the central portion extending between the exit surface, the extended portion protruding from the peripheral exit surface and the exit surface is lifted to the center at a distance above the exit surface of the peripheral.


For the controlling radioactive pollution implementation has advantages of low cost, being easy to operation and little disturbance on environment, which becomes a hotspot home and abroad in recent years. In this paper, the principle of Phytoremediation is introduced, especially the technology of Phytoremediation applied in controlling radioactive uranium pollution and the affecting factors are systematically introduced. The feasibility of its potential application in controlling radioactive uranium pollution of uranium mines is analyzed as well.


Objective:To summarize the experience of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithoto.Methods:From May 2003 to September 2005,retroperitoneal laparoscopic upper ureterolithotomy was performed in 15 patients(9 male,6 female)with the age from 20-65 years.The stone size ranged from 1.1×0.6cm to 2.0×1.3cm.The retroperitoneal route was used in all patients.Results:The stone was successfully removed in 14 patients.Only one patient was converted to open operation because of bleeding.The operative time ranged from 60~130 minutes.No serious complication occurred.Conclusion:The retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is a safe and effective method for treatment of the upper ureteral stone which used to be indication for open operation,and has obvious advantage over open operation.


IN spite of the various attempts to isolate and identify the accessory food factors their chemical identity still remains unsolved. As far as the antineuritic and the antiscorbutic factors are concerned it is possible now by means of chemical fractionation to obtain residues which are very active. These preparations contain comparatively little impurity judging from the small quantities required to produce a therapeutic effect. Although the chemical aim has not been achieved the possibility of employing such active fractions has been found useful in furthering research on the accessory factors in the domain of nutrition. As the chemical identification of these principles has not so far been successful by means of fractionating methods it becomes advisable to study their properties, because it contributes to the knowledge of the nature of these unknown substances. During the various investigations carried out on the accessory factors many of their properties have already been revealed. So far, however, the action of light on them has not been studied. This investigation is devoted to the study of ultra-violet rays on the accessory factors. These rays are well known to produce pronounced chemical changes in many compounds and also to influence the physiological activity of various biological principles, and it was therefore of interest to find out the effect on the accessory factors after an exposure to ultra-violet rays. The action of the light on the antiscorbutic, antineuritic and the fat-soluble A factor was investigated. As these factors cannot be obtained in pure form they could only be exposed to the ultra-violet rays as present in active substances. The antiscorbutic was used in the form of lemon juice from which the citric and other acids have been removed as described by Harden and Zilva [1918]. Autolysed yeast was used for the antineuritic and butter was employed as the source of the fat-soluble A. EXPERIMENTAL.


In today's college Students' study and life,the popularization of QQ space is a new trend for the study of the ideological and political education.In the new period,ideological and political education should pay attention to the development of QQ space,epically its function of spatial information and information transmission,and should innovate the carrier of ideological and political education.We should enhance the characteristics of QQ space of being participatory and shared and improve the bidirectional interaction structure model.We should promote the autonomy and openness of QQ space to inspire the initiative of college students and realize autonomous education.


Objective
To investigate the diagnostic value of multiplex real-time PCR (TaqMan probe) for simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) , Chlamydophila pneumonia (CP) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection.

Methods
The standard curves were plotted based on recombinant plasmids that was amplified after gradient dilution, so as to measure the amplification efficiency of the multiplx real-time PCR method, and the sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility were verified. There were 151 throat swab samples from hospitalized children with suspected respiratory tract infection collected. The MP, CP and CT gene fragments were detected by multiplex real-time PCR. There were 128 samples identified by MP-IgM and CP-IgM serological detection to evaluate the diagnostic value in clinical detection.

Results
The amplification efficiency of MP, CP and CT primers and probes reached up to 109.20%, 116.90% and 112.80%; and the minimum detectable concentration were 50, 25 and 25 pg/μL, respectively. No cross reactions with other known pathogens was observed, and coefficients of variation among different amplification reactions were all less than 3%. In 151 samples, the positive rates of MP, CP and CT by multiplex real-time PCR were 23.84% (36 samples) , 17.88% (27 samples) and 2.65% (4 samples) . In 128 samples, the positive rates of MP-IgM and CP-IgM were 22.65% and 14.06%, respectively.

Conclusions
The multiplex real-time PCR method can provide rapid and reliable evidence for early pathogen detection in children with respiratory tract infection.

Key words:
Polymerase chain reaction; Respiratory tract infection; Mycoplasma pneumonia; Chlamydophila pneumonia; Chlamydia trachomatis


This paper focused on the structure of the growth stories, especially in surveying Gangbaek Lee's (이강백) drama "Like Looking at the Flower in the Mid-winter (동지섣달 꽃 본 듯이)". It is structured by 'rule of the three'. In this text, three sons go to seek their mother, they experience the tests three times. Third son wins the game because he succeeds to find his true and alternative mother. It is similar to the story of English fairy tale "Three Little Pigs".  In Freudian terms, the characters of the both texts are superego, ego and id. The core of the growth story is that third son (id) wins the first son (superego) and the second son (ego) by using his own energy (meaningful labor). In Levi Strauss' terms, the contrast between the third and the others can be schemed the contrast between culture and nature. Lee's drama presents the third son as the real hero who overcomes two elder brothers. The first is so conservative (oversleep), the second is so selfish (overeat). Two brothers were too political or too ideal to become a true, humanistic and warm-minded adult. In his view, 'drama' related to the third son is the most humanistic and warm-minded action in the world. These both stories are based on the plot 'rags to riches' which contains the success of the poor and powerless. In other words, the poor and weak child can grow to the true hero, and reach the final destination, according to the Gustav Jung's expression, 'the Self as a Whole'.


The particles of pneumoconiosis minerals in dustpolluted air are below 5 microns in size of inorganic particulate matters. The pneumoconiosis mineral particles of about 0.5 micron in size seem to be particularly active in causing pneumoconiosis. The particles below 0.1 micron are too small to be retained in the lungs, and the particles below 5 micron in size can pass from the lungs to blood vessels and thence may reach the lymphatic system. Many important problems on pneumoconiosis are left unsolved yet. The study on the pneumoconiosis-mineralogical composition is therefore of vital importance in attempting to solve those problem. Investigations have been made in this line, and the results are summarized as follows:1) The composition of pneumoconiosis minerals of below 5 micron is of kaolinite, montmorillonite, Biotite, plagioclase and quartz.2) The compositition of the specimens below 2 micron is of kaolinite and montmorillonite.3) The composition of the specimens below 0.5 micron is only of montmorillonite.


Initial Sequence Number (ISN) prediction is a key technology of striving for information superiority. On the base of Michal arithmetic, and combined with chaotic time series and linear regression, a new ISN prediction method is presented and validated by formal proof .The result indicates that present Operation Systems' TCP ISN generation methods still have serious security risk.


There are different levels at which parallelism can be introduced to the database system. Starting from data partitioning (intra-operator parallelism) up to parallelism of operation (inter-operator parallelism) that depends on a query granularity. The paper presents the parallelisation method based on speculative execution for the database systems which are expected to give answers to complex queries coming from different sources as soon as possible. Taking under consideration W of upcoming queries waiting for execution, the execution plan for the first query should be developed. This plan should give the largest benefit also for W-1 of the consecutive queries. Thus, in parallel to the first query, some excessive computations can be executed, which in further steps would reduce the execution time of the consecutive queries. The paper presents possible risks and benefits are using this method and also analyses of possible execution time reduction for different models of speculative parallelization [1].