At the time of knowledge economy era,the goals concepts of hospital's financial management should be innovated continually with the continual progress of the science and technology and development of the knowledge.First of all,the innovation of financial management's goals includes innovation of financial management's macro goals and innovation of financial management's subsection goals.Our viewpoint is to assure the integration of the social benefit and economical benefit under the new thoughts of raising intellective capital,strengthening awareness of investment risks and innovating distribution approaches.Secondly,concept innovation of financial management.We should study and calculate the risks,trying to control the risks.With the full consideration on capital's time value,we ought to develop new thoughts of open financing concepts,etc.It is a concept that the financial stuff in modern hospital should have.


Summary. The purpose of the work to explore the clinical significance of uric acid, C-reactive protein in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in men with gout. The study involved 82 men with gout. In 42 patients diagnosed with hypertension, 40 - revealed normal levels of blood pressure. All patients underwent clinical examination and laboratory with a certain level of uric acid, C-reactive protein. Echocardiography performed with the conventional definition of complex morphological and functional parameters. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device was evaluated BPLab. Patients with gout found an increase of basic parameters of cardiac hemodynamics. In the main group revealed positive correlations between the parameters of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring with an index of left ventricular mass. Elevated levels of uric acid and serum C-reactive protein leads to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with gout combined with hypertension. Key words:


Abstract:  We report an erythema nodosum (EN) patient whose condition becameapparent during the clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC).The patient relapsed frequently in spite of taking a high dose adrenocorticalsteroid during his morbidity period of UC. Monocyte‐granulocytapheresis(M‐GCAP) was combined with 5‐aminosalicylic acid 2250 mg/dayperoral and once a day of steroid enema. Monocyte‐granulocytapheresiswas performed once a week for 5 weeks, and succeeded in inducingclinical remission for both UC and EN. The immunological and clinical connectionsbetween UC and EN have never been fully elucidated. In this case,because the symptoms of UC and EN revealed parallel improvementafter his inflammatory reaction had been brought under control by combining M‐GCAP therapy, we hypothesize that theonset of EN appeared as a result of the patient's long‐term,treatment‐resistant immuno‐disturbance, which first appeared as symptomsof UC. Immunomodulative effects induced by M‐GCAP might help tocontrol other chronic non‐specific inflammations not concerned withtargeted organ(s).


Taking the example of a highway slope in Hunan,it introduces the constructing crafts and skill procedure of anchor supported thick base material new technology,offers a sample for design of zoological slope protection and constructing operation,which has very high reference value.


Shakespeare and his works have always been valued as the priceless stone in the world literature so that many critics are engaged in analyzing the resources behind the miracle. However, few of them concern Shakespeare's concept of social order. It is certain that Shakespeare regards drama as the "abstract and brief chronicles of the times" which is indispensable to his creation. Therefore, the analysis of his concept of social order is unquestionably a path towards Shakespeare's inner spiritual world.


The rise of ASEAN,China and India as economic powers is of great significance to regional as well as global economic development.Although their ascendance in the global economy will continue,they will have to go to great pains to meet the new challenges.Considering ASEAN,China and India as a group,due to their differences in economic development levels,economic structures and policy concern priorities,it is difficult for them to formulate a unified position on a range of global issues.ASEAN,China and India must foster an open,transparent and efficient regional as well as global environment.They need to cooperate in designing the architecture to ensure regional as well as global freer trade and investmen and more stable finance,and to play more active roles in future global governance and rulemaking.


AIMS
The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of topical fluorides in prevention of root caries-related treatment in high caries risk Veterans.

METHODS
This retrospective analysis of longitudinal data examined the effectiveness of professionally applied or prescription (Rx) fluoride treatment, in VHA clinics from FY 2009-2018. Professional fluoride treatments included 5% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) varnish (22 600 ppm fluoride), 2% NaF gel/rinse (9050 ppm fluoride), and 1.23% APF gel (12 300 ppm fluoride). The Rx for daily home use was 1.1% NaF paste/gel (5000 ppm fluoride). Outcomes studied were new root caries restorations or extractions and percent of patients with treatment over 1 year. Logistic regressions were adjusted for age, gender, race, ethnicity, chronic medical or psychiatric conditions, number of medication classes, anticholinergic drugs, smoking, baseline root caries treatment, preventive care, and time between first-last restoration in the index year.

RESULTS
Root caries at baseline was associated with a high risk for new root caries. Veterans without root caries during the index year who received a fluoride gel/rinse intervention were 32-40% less likely to receive caries-related treatment for root caries during the follow-up period. Once Veterans had root caries, fluorides did not exhibit a positive effect.

CONCLUSION
In older adults with high caries risk, early fluoride prevention is key, before root caries requires treatment.


When the membrane material in the air field vibrates, it will drive the movement of the surrounding air. The aerodynamic force generated by the moving air will act on the membrane material in turn, resulting in the change of dynamic characteristics such as membrane vibration frequency. In this paper, the additional air mass produced by membrane vibration in air is studied. Firstly, under the assumption that the incoming flow is uniform and incompressible ideal potential flow, the additional air mass acting on the surface is derived by using the thin airfoil theory and potential flow theory respectively. Then, according to the first law of thermodynamics and the principle of aeroelasticity, the analytical expression of the additional air mass is derived. Finally, through a specific example, the variation of the additional air mass with the membrane material parameters and pretension, as well as the influence of the aerodynamic force on the vibration frequency and amplitude of the membrane is obtained.


The phosphate pesticide waste water was pretreated with Fenton agent and the influences of factors including input amount of H2O2, [Fe2+]/[H2O2],initial pH value,reaction time on the removal rate of COD from waste water were investigated through single factor experiments and orthogonal test.The results showed that the reaction in pretreatment of methamidophos-simulated waste water with Fenton agent accorded with first-order reaction model; the optimized condition was as follows:the input amount of H2O2 was 9/5 theoretical input amount,the molarity ratio of [Fe2 +]/[H2O2]was 1∶3,the pH value was 4 and the reaction time was 40 min; under this condition,the removal rate of COD from waste water could reach 88.1% .


Accidentally, we found that the shoots of Polygonum cuspidatum (SPC) have been consumed for centuries as a traditional vegetable in the Shennongjia region of China. Local residents believe that SPC has biological effects such as antibacterial, anti-aging, and antioxidant. To provide scientific support for the use of SPC as a functional food, SPC was evaluated in terms of safety, chemical composition, antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the first, SPC exhibited no adverse cytotoxic effects or acute toxicity in mice. Then the chemical composition of SPC was determined by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. 22 compounds were identified from the SPC extracts, including phenolic, flavonoid, stilbene, and anthraquinone. Finally, an acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress model in mice showed hepatoprotective effects. In brief, our study indicated that SPC is a safe, multi-functional food with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Importantly, the consumption of SPC as a functional food provides a novel strategy of efficient utilization of the invasive plant.


Interactive network-based navigation over large urban environments raises difficult problems due to the size and complexity of these scenes. In this paper, we present a client- server system allowing navigation over 3D cities in real time. Due to a novel progressive and hierarchical representation of 3D models of densely built urban areas, only perceptible details for all the regions visible from a given viewpoint are progressively streamed to visualisation clients. Furthermore, efficient coding methods are used to compress the representation data allowing quick start-up of the interactive visualisation with a highly-detailed model. This is achieved through a set of dedicated algorithms allowing a very large city model to be structured into a multi-resolution representation. The method efficiently exploits the fact that most automated modelling techniques of urban scenes provides 2D1/2 models (building footprint, height, altitude, ...). So as to efficiently and faithfully model complex buildings, a procedural representation for roofs and facades is proposed. Finally, we present an MPEG4 compatible implementation based on the introduction of new node types with the associated bitstream.


The invention provides a backlight structure and a display model using the same. The backlight structure includes a backlight unit and a casing. The backlight unit configured to provide light to a display panel. The casing has a base portion and a support portion. The base portion surrounds the backlight unit. The support portion is connected to the base portion, and overlaps with part of the backlight unit. The support portion is for supporting the display panel thereon.


Purpose: Unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) can result in a high incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) and residual deformity leading to femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). Surgical hip dislocation with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) has been proposed as a surgical method to avoid or limit these complications. Method: A prospective consecutive series of patients who presented with an unstable SCFE and underwent a surgical hip dislocation/ORIF were reviewed. The procedure entails urgent arrival to the operating room, a surgical dislocation procedure to gain full access to the proximal femur, removal of the posterior and medial callus with necessary shortening of the femoral neck to anatomically reduce the femoral head without tension on the vasculature. Results: There are 15 patients in this series with a minimum of 1 year follow-up. Average age was 12.5 years at the time of presentation, 10 males and 5 females. Surgical dislocation was performed at a mean of 29.1 hours from the traumatic event. The surgical procedure averaged 135.5 minutes, with an average blood loss of 220ccs. Fourteen patients have no evidence of AVN while one patient with AVN was due to a surgical step not performed in the remaining hips. Normal anatomic position of the epiphysis was achieved in 11 of 15 patients while the remaining 4 had mild posterior angulation averaging 6.2 degrees. Average hip flexion was 114°, internal rotation 22°, external rotation 35°. Two patients required reoperation for broken screws (both 4.5mm cannulated screws). Conclusion: Surgical dislocation with removal of medial and posterior callus and shortening of the femoral neck can reduce the femoral head to a near anatomic position to avoid FAI and appears to result in a very low incidence of avascular necrosis. A single patient with AVN was the result of technical issue which can be avoided.


The hills rising in the urban area of Napoli (Italy) are the products of eruptive activity in the volcanic areas of Campi Flegrei and Somma Vesuvio . The unsaturated pyroclastic cover, weathered and interbedded with paleosols, is frequently affected by instability phenomena that have slight thickness and extension. The observed landslides can be classified as complex phenomena: the movements start as a translational or rotational sliding or as a rock-fall and evolve as the debris flows. 90% of the cases occur during or after severe rainfalls. As is well known, the stability of slopes is affected by climatic conditions, such as rainfall and evapotranspiration, which affect the matric suction near the ground surface. A slope analysis requires that an in situ matric suction profile be measured or predicted. A monitoring system was therefore developed to collect data on suction profiles in pyroclastic soils. Four slopes, chosen as representative of morphological, geological and geotechnical triggering conditions in the studied area, were outfitted with rain gauges, vacuum tensiometers, psychrometers, tiltmeters and TDR gauges.


The character of expressing information on statistical maps in Internet is analyzed,According to the needs of visualization of geographic statistical information in statistical maps,an interactive mapping subsystem is designed and implemented based on Java Applet.


Open innovation ecosystems play an important role in corporate and product innovation and contribute to the success of economic development at the municipal level, yet there is little research on the factors driving innovative behavior within a municipal innovation ecosystem (MIE). This study explores how the interpersonal and intrapersonal resources of the individuals involved contribute to innovative behavior within a city's innovation ecosystem.This study used a mixed-method approach to build a novel framework to examine innovative behavior in the Mobile, AL municipality. A moderated mediation model was tested using PLS-SEM. The findings presented in this study introduce new constructs and measurements related to assessing innovation at the individual level in a municipality. The results suggest that innovative behavior is impacted by personal resources and that social events where people and businesses interact contribute to both inter-organizational innovation and the municipal innovation ecosystem.


The Performance of battery packs is highly affected by imbalances between the series connected cells that provide the required string voltage. A modular battery implementation based on cascaded converters can have advantages over traditional centralized battery systems with add-ons active/passive balancing techniques. This paper investigates the use of a modular battery integrated within a cascaded converter and how the choice of the converter topology for the module influences the benefits and limitations of the modular battery system performance. Simulation results have been obtained using detailed battery model to validate the analysis.


The importance of this work has been greatly emphasized in recent years by our dependence upon European countries for crude drugs and by the rapid disappearance of our native medicinal plants. At present, i t is impossible to give adequate information for the successful cultivation of even some of our native medicinal plants, which grow wild about us. Hence, the experimental cultivation of plants is imperative for the future supplies of the essential crude drugs. Many universities and institutions have begun to cultivate medicinal plants with reference to the economic aspect. The possibility of cultivating some of the existing wild medicinal plants on a commercial basis should be of vital interest and importance to all who have the drug industry and its future development at heart. The development of the natural plant resources of the Pacific Northwest will lead toward a great future industry for which nature has prepared the foundations, with exceptional and superior natural advantages, as soil and climate. The author is confident that the Northwest section of the country could eventually become the leading producer of crude drugs.


Japan, one of the most famous islander nations in the world, has promoted the development of its remote islands for over 60 years after the Second World War. The target islands and projects for fostering development have been steadily expanded. However, the country is facing serious socio-economic challenges such as aging and recession, resulting in less available funding for preferential treatment to remote islands. Thus, the framework for boosting island development should be reconsidered, and this paper argues that changing the systems of energy supply is a key step in this direction. First, the history and the main characteristics of the development initiatives on remote islands in Japan are analyzed. The first project to support remote island development was to improve transportation and port and airport facilities, and to supplement the gap in fossil fuel prices between remote islands and the mainland through public funds. The living environments on the remote island regions were gradually and continuously improved with lifelines such as sanitary water systems and electricity networks. These support structure resulted in a huge amount of subsidies being invested in building and maintaining ports and airports, and in fuel cost assistance, which enabled easy access to the mainland but also prolonged the dependence on the mainland. In addition, the research focuses on subsidy projects to support high fuel costs and energy development in remote islands. After 63 years of the launching of the law for development promotion of the remote islands, the gap in fossil fuel prices has not been reduced. Based on the research results of local energy enterprises on Tsushima Island, initiatives for locally produced energy are superior to the old energy system that consumes imported fuels. The new energy system that provides local energy suppliers is: 1) more economically manageable, 2) easier to coordinate with municipal strategies, 3) and faster for responding to emergencies such as an unpredicted breakdown or natural disaster. This article is the English translation of the original one "Bulletin of Graduate school of Human Sciences, Osaka University 43 P. 23–P. 4" * Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan FORCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE ISLANDS IN JAPAN: A CASE STUDY OF LOCAL ENERGY ENTERPRISES IN TSUSHIMA ISLAND Yuko matSumura*, emako miYoShi*


AC Elect summer rape (Brassica napus L.), registered in 1992, is a canola-quality cultivar that combines early to medium maturity with high seed yield. In addition, AC Elect has very high seed oil, and high meal protein content. It is well adapted to the B. napus growing areas of western Canada, where blackleg disease does not cause severe yield losses. Key words: Rape (summer), cultivar description


Through make this text to Jiangxi Province Dingnan county interest rate reform pilot project go on case study, discuss from macroscopic and microcosmic two aspect how construct lending market fund price form the mechanism.


Much effort is currently being expended in the design and implementation of integrated software support environments for discrete event simulation modelling. What are the considerations underlying the development of such environments and how are efforts being directed? This paper discusses aspects of the background to current developments and relates this discussion to the context of one such environment namely that of the Computer Aided Simulation Modelling (CASM) group at the London School of Economics.


The thermoelectric electromagnetic (TEM) pump circulates lithium in the primary and secondary coolant circuits of the SP‐100 Space Power Reactor System. Because of the high temperature of the coolant the pump is made primarily from niobium — 1 percent zirconium (Nb‐1%Zr) alloy and is self‐powered by semiconductor thermoelectric cells. Design features needed to optimize pumping efficiency such as bonded dissimilar materials and complex duct geometry required innovative fabrication techniques such as diffusion bonding and explosive forming and bonding to successfully fabricate the pump.


The rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum is a traditional Chinese medicine material and also a popular functional food consumed in China. Due to the increasing demand and overexploitation, the use of the cultivated plant is growing rapidly. However, the difference in phytochemical profile and health benefit between the cultivated and wild-grown P. sibiricum has not been revealed yet. The objectives of this study are to compare the phytochemical profiles of two types of P. sibiricum, i.e., the cultivated and the wild-grown types, by using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based untargeted metabolomics approach. We tentatively identified 190 phytochemicals belonging to alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids from both two types of samples. In general, there is distinctive difference in phytochemical profiles between these two types of samples. Specifically, 33 phytochemicals showed significant differences. Of these phytochemicals, 22 compounds, such as laetanine, p-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucose, geniposide, medicagenic acid, were significantly higher in cultivated type; 11 compounds, such as vicenin-2, kaempferol 7-neohesperidoside, vanillic acid, and obacunone, were significantly higher in wild-grown type samples. This study will expand our knowledge regarding the cultivated of P. sibiricum and facilitate its further application in pharmaceutical and food industries.


The purpose of this research paper is to describe the relationship between the binary thinking of ancient people and the formation of the concept of number. The objects of the study are paleographic, ethno-psychological and biological studies examining the development of the counting principles and quantitative thinking of primitive men. The subject of the study are the numbers 'one' and 'two', as well as their forms and derivatives in Germanic languages. The analyzed studies allow to conclude that the development of the first numerals derives from dual thinking, which is based on the ability to divide the whole into parts. The close connection to the surrounding world and the inborn parity judgement of some individuals in the Upper Paleolithic Period generates the first two numbers, hence numerals in the Proto Indo-European language. Both originate from one root, the form of which can be traced to the Proto Indo-European word 'kwa' as a part of the whole, i.e. two hands. Starting with the ultimate meaning of binary unified entity it split first into 'part and whole'. Later the meaning branched even more (symmetry, completeness, contradiction, branching, merging, union, sameness, equality, repetitiveness, sequence, coherence, excessiveness, addition), creating diachronically countless derivatives of the initial 'one' and 'two'. The binary nature of the Indo-European thinking had an effect on both everyday life and the religion, which was implemented in a later, pre-literate period and has been corroborated by archaeological finds. The rudimentary traces of primitive binary thinking are reflected in the contemporary realia and can be found in all languages of the Indoeuropean language group. The further research will cover the influence of the paired unity by fractionation on the allocation of subsequent numericals.


Multiple truths and multiple realities is an ontological position with which educational research is well versed, but what happens when multiple subjective perceptions form the context of the learning experiences with which students and faculty engage? This volume is about perceptions – perceptions of shifting and developing learner/professional identities, perceptions of the value of a degree, of expertise and of the classrooms' affordances and stakeholder expectations. The international authors in this volume focus on the outcomes of the conscious decisions we make about the contexts in which we find ourselves when studying or working in higher education. They explore both quantitatively and qualitatively how we orientate ourselves amongst the multiple perspectives of reality and how perceptions are enacted in educational situations. Chan and Stacey qualitatively explore student-faculty partnerships in the context of cocreation of curricula in Vietnam. They document the shifting perception of identity over the time/duration of the partnership and how student frustrations and academic vulnerability manifest in the early stages of such partnerships. The development of trust, respect, risk and shared learning are discussed as power, which originally resided with the teaching team, is shared, and ownership of the student learning experience is increased. Co-design also raises the question of expertise and who is perceived to be best placed to design learning experiences. The students are the experts in their own learning, but Lange and Costley, from South Korea and Russia respectively, remind us that instructional design decisions need to be made with care an attention, in order to avoid negatively impacting students with extraneous cognitive load. They explore sequencing and scaffolding, two well established curriculum design methods, which are surrounded by conflicting research, especially when used together. As educators, we tend to believe that instructional design decisions made during the development of courses are invisible to students, that students are offered a series of coherently presented learning experiences and may not perceive or appreciate the pedagogical decisions that underlie these. However, the nursing students in Liu, Kor and Kwan's study, from Hong Kong, highlight that they are aware of these and can identify how they benefit from them. These students fully appreciated the immediate chances to test their understanding of a topic and they specifically appreciated the alignment between the pre and post lecture activities, and how these blended together in the classroom. Indeed, they were acutely perceptive of pedagogical choices made in the design of their learning experiences and they recognised that the most active and engaged class participants would be the ones that would benefit the most. Yet, what if active engagement in the classroom, as per the western norms, is hindered for international students due to both, a culture shock and a pedagogical shock? Zhu and O'Sullivan outline how this may be challenging for both faculty and students due to misalignment of understanding and perceived expectations, and they INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION AND TEACHING INTERNATIONAL 2022, VOL. 59, NO. 3, 239–241 https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2022.2068925


Failure to thrive reflects an alteration of one (or more) of the five requirements for normal growth, which are: an organism so constituted that it will produce normal growth, a favorable environment, a proper amount of proper food, ability to digest and absorb food, and ability to utilize the absorbed food. The main points of an investigation to determine the cause of failure to thrive are presented.


The fifth reported epidemic of the palmerworm, Dichomeris ligulella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), was studied in southcentral Pennsylvania in 1978. The influence of climate, larval and pupal parasitism, and disease was assessed with respect to population release and decline. Primary larval and pupal parasites included, respectively, one species of braconid wasp and two species of tachinid flies, and five species of ichneumonid wasps. All are new host records. Observations of larval and adult densities suggested that the outbreak palmerworm populations under study were limited primarily by adult mortality.


The extracts from the organs above ground and roots of Invasive plants were used to treat the seeds of Lolium perenne in laboratory,We measured the seeds germination,the length of root and seedling height so as to study whether the allelopathic effect of these Invasive plant to the seeds germination and growth of Lolium perenne existed or not,The results showed that the allelopathy did exist.Under natural condition,the invasive plants formed superiority community easily,so it had a bigger potention of harmful effect to Lolium perenn.


In his introduction to the 2002 reprint of D'Arcy Niland' book , The Shiralee (originally published in1955), Les Murray comments that when the book was first issued the word shiralee had little currency in Australia and abroad, but at the same time it had appeal because it sounded 'exotic or plausible'. A quick Internet search today reveals that not much has changed. The melodious shiralee has surprisingly few occurrences. While most Internet sites use the word in reference to D'Arcy Niland's book and the subsequent movies and television series, other sites reveal the appeal of the word as a name for a backpacker hostel, a group of holiday cottages on Norfolk Island, and a craft group, apart from its use as a female first name, most importantly a prizewinning Basset Hound.


There is a class of visual illusions in which still pictures appear to move at random. We review the human visual system and existing mathematical models for this class of illusions, and use this information to formulate a framework of drawing rules with which anyone can create similar illusions. The validity of the framework is confirmed with examples.


A hybrid multicode computational method is developed that allows combining compressible and low Mach number codes into a single computational solver. The proposed methodology can be used for integrated simulations of multicomponent engineering problems. The unsteady coupling between the two codes is performed via exchanging time-dependent state information through the interfaces using overlapping meshes. The proposed coupling procedure is validated on laminar steady and unsteady test problems. Both constant-density and variable-density regimes of the low Mach number code are investigated. Results of the test cases performed in frameworks of one-way coupling and two-way coupling are documented. Several methods of implementation of interface conditions for the compressible code are compared by looking at the levels of dilatation, as well as numerical errors. The injection method (when all the variables are simply transformed from one code to another through an interpolation procedure) is chosen for its superior stability, accuracy, and simplicity of implementation. Numerical results for the coupled calculations obtained with the injection method show good agreement with both standalone calculations and analytical solutions.


Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have been explored to be an effective alternative to integrating mental health intervention proposals, particularly in eldercare. The objective is to map the usability and applications of VR and AR technologies in interventions for the elderly population. The main areas of interventions in AR and VR applied to the elderly are stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation, physical rehabilitation, treatment of mental diseases, and promotion of quality of life. Despite the need for further studies, VR and AR have strong adherence among the elderly and demonstrate promising potential in interventions that seek to promote mental health and improve the quality of life.


Given the widespread use of visualizations and their impact on health and safety, it is important to ensure that viewers interpret visualizations as accurately as possible. Ensemble visualizations are an increasingly popular method for visualizing data, as emerging research demonstrates that ensembles can effectively and intuitively communicate traditionally difficult statistical concepts. While a few studies have identified drawbacks to ensemble visualizations, no studies have identified the sources of reasoning biases that could occur with ensemble visualizations. Our previous work with hurricane forecast simulation ensemble visualizations identified a misunderstanding that could have resulted from the visual features of the display. The current study tested the hypothesis that visual-spatial biases, which are biases that are a direct result of the visualization technique, provide a cognitive mechanism to explain this misunderstanding. In three experiments, we tested the role of the visual elements of ensemble visualizations as well as knowledge about the visualization with novice participants (n = 303). The results suggest that previously documented reasoning errors with ensemble displays can be influenced both by changes to the visualization technique and by top-down knowledge-driven processing.


Thermoluminescence dosimeters are well known for their widespread applications in dosimetry specially neutron dosimetry. In low neutron fluences it is usual to use (n,α) reaction for direct measurement of neutron fluence, but in higher values, some gray filters are necessary. And also supralinearity because of the high absorbed dose makes the direct reading of TLDs difficult. After anealing of dosimeters the absorbed dose from the internal activity was used as a mass for neutron fluence. In this work thermal neutron fluence in the range between 10 and 10 n/cm in the reactor core of Tehran Research Reactor was measured using TLD-600 thermoluminescence dosimeters. The influence of irradiation-induced damage effect on the response of TLDs and their subsequent readings have been minimized. The measurements were made reproducible in this manner. The induced TL-light reader due to self-activity in TLD-600 dependens on the neutron fluence caused a conveniently measurable TL glow curve. The accumulated TL-light was measured after storage periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. A short theoretical treatment is also presented at this work.


ethnographic matenral collected among Malagasy speakers in Mayotte, this article attempts to approach the subject of taboo from a practice perspective. It views the observance of taboo as a kind of performative act with moral consequences, and argues for the significance of taboo in the constitution of personhood and society and hence of the relationships between them. It argues firther that embodiment forms a primary means of legitimating various claims and disclaimers and that the observance of taboos forms a means of naturalizing cultural rules. The most important developments as regards social theory concern not so much a turn towards language as an altered view of the intersection between saying (or signifying) and


The present invention provides a shaft rod 2 ) according to the invention has, particularly in its mid region, a particularly low mass. The shaft rod has an upper ledge ( 11 ) and a lower ledge ( 12 ) which have a reduced thickness in the mid region of the shaft rod. As a result, the load induced by acceleration forces is significantly less in the mid region than in conventional constructions. Byvirtue of the reduced acceleration forces, the extent of bending of the shaft rods in the middle is less and therefore a shaft rod of such a structure is better adapted for use in very rapidly operating weaving machines.


One of the main challenges in satellite design is dealing with the threat from the space environment. Numerous spacecraft anomalies are reported on a regular basis and in most of these cases, it is extremely difficult to diagnose the cause of these anomalies/failures. Hypervelocity impacts from meteoroids and orbital debris has recently emerged as possible catalysts for electrical anomalies observed on spacecraft. In this paper, we present a case study and statistical analysis of hypervelocity impact-induced electrical anomalies. We present data showing anomalous currents in the power distribution system on the JASON-1 satellite following a hypervelocity impact. A statistical analysis is carried out using 2413 anomalies from the Ascend satellite anomaly database and 5033 anomalies from the anomaly database maintained in the 1990s by the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). We find that there is no correlation between the flux of shower meteoroids and incidence of anomalies. For geostationary satellites, we use NASA's Meteoroid Engineering Model to calculate the flux of sporadic meteoroids at different locations in the orbit and find that the incidence rate of anomalies is significantly higher in regions with high average meteoroid flux. These results serve as a strong indicator of electrical damage caused by electromagnetic emissions from meteoroid impacts.


This contribution presents the optical spectral properties of FIR-luminous galaxies, whose distinctive feature is often the simultaneous presence in the spectra of a strong Hδ line in absorption and of emission lines (e(a) spectra). A discrepancy between the star formation rate estimated from the FIR luminosity and that derived from the Hα luminosity persists even after having corrected the Hα flux for dust according to the observed Balmer decrement. It is shown that the e(a) spectrum can be reproduced assuming a current starburst and a dust extinction affecting the youngest stellar populations much more than the older stars.


Abstract A discrete-time bioeconomic model of two stocks (alternatively two species or sub-stocks of the same species, or some "basket" of species) is presented, where one of these two stocks can be partially protected by a reserve or some other hindrance to harvesting. The interaction between the two stocks is geographic, in the sense that the protected stock can migrate out of the reserve and be harvested upon in conjunction with the unprotected stock. The movement out of the reserve is migrational either in the sense of some annual or life-cycle movement. Two management regimes are presented; open access and myopic profit maximization, which are studied both in a steady state and a dynamic fashion.


Objective To analyze the value of epidemiological investigation in the final diagnosis of the cases with acute diarrhea. Methods Five patients presenting the symptoms of acute diarrhea during a period of 7 d (from 7 to 14 December 2006), 4 males and 1 female, aged 48~55, underwent telephone survey. Routine blood and stool tests were carried out. The cooking utensils, dining sets, and manuals of canteen workers of the cadre canteen underwent pathogenic examination. Final diagnosis was made based on those data. Results Four out of the 5 patients were diagnosed as with sporadic gastrointestinal cold, and the other patient was diagnosed as with acute gastroenteritis. Conclusion Epidemiological investigation helps make clear the diagnosis of acute diarrhea rapidly.


1.1. Filtering of Noise 1.1.1. Circularly Symmetric Random Process. Complex baseband noise processes produced from a real bandpass noise processes have the circularly symmetric property [Tel99], which is formalized as follows.


Objective:To study the clinical effects of simple continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) device in the treatment of critically ill patients.Methods:Totally 95 patients from November 1991 to December 1998 were treated with simple CRRT device, and the prognosis of the patients and the efficacy of uremic toxin clearance were analyzed.Results:Thirtyeight(40.0%)patients died,and 57(60.0%)patients survived in the acute phase of their illness,the values of blood urea nitrogen was(17.3±3.1)mmol/L and serum creatinine was (313.7±33.1)μmol/L when CRRT was ceased.No obvious sideeffect related to simple CRRT device was observed.Conclusions:The simple CRRT device designed by our institute is effective and safe instrument to treat the critical patients.


In the 21st century many Africans are choosing to escape from their countries, and questions are still being asked about the capability of African states to practice good governance, involve in an effective management of resources, put in place an appropriate design of policy and an efficient discharge of functions, all designed at answering to basic human needs.


Organizations today are increasingly concerned with finding methods and strategies aimed at developing competencies in their collaborators that facilitate successful performance. Proper handling of emotions allows people to take charge of their lives and find their personal balance. The present study aimed to analyze the management of emotions as a determinant of educational performance in university education institutions, taking as an illustration the Department of Basic and Social Studies of the Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA). The work is framed in a field research with a non-experimental design of descriptive level. The technique used for data collection was the survey, for which a questionnaire-type instrument was developed based on a Likert Scale, validated through expert judgment and reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The study population consisted of thirty (30) teachers, which were selected in their entirety. For the tabulation and analysis of the data, descriptive statistics were used, the results were presented in tables that included absolute and percentage frequencies for alternative answers, which were illustrated by means of bar graphs. The main findings indicate that the teacher must learn to manage his emotions, be aware of the needs of others, knowing how to develop attention should not only be attentive to your inner reactions, but also to your own reactions. In short, teachers' knowledge in their area of expertise, pedagogical knowledge and social and emotional skills will result in a teacher with a more effective performance, capable of creating a positive environment for learning.


The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus, is an important pine forest pest and vector transmitting the pine wilt nematode that causes pine wilt disease. Low temperatures in autumn, winter and spring often differentially affect mortality of M. alternatus larvae. In this paper, we mainly compared the differences of mortality and cold hardening of larvae from different seasons, based on supercooling point (SCP) and cumulative probability of individuals freezing (CPIF). The cold hardening of the larvae from autumn, winter and spring seasons were largely different. Correlations between mortality and CPIF of autumn and spring larvae were highest on day 1/4, and gradually decreased with prolonged exposure duration. This beetle's death mainly resulted from freezing in short exposure duration. However, the correlation between mortality and CPIF of winter larvae increased gradually with the prolonged exposure duration. Death did not mainly result from freezing in long exposure duration. Autumn larvae are more susceptible and adaptable than winter and spring larvae. Winter larvae have a slight freeze‐tolerance trend. Our research showed that M. alternatus came into complex cold‐hardening strategies under natural selection. Freeze avoidance is the primary strategy; with prolonged exposure duration to above SCP or < 0 °C, chill tolerance is more important; this is followed by freeze tolerance during harsh winters.


In the early 20th century,national problem is the focus of the class struggle in western Europe and Russia.Soving this problem became the urgent matter of proletarian revolution.From the realities of the Russian national conflict,Lenin wrote the article,About the Criticism of Ethnic Theories.This article is Lenin's great work about the Russian nationality question.Taking the Marxism nationality theory as the instruction,Lenin clarified the bourgeoisie and opportunist ethnic issues-the spread in the fallacy of chaos,and criticized the bourgeoisie and opportunist advocated ethnic culture of transcending classes reactionary fallacy,pointed out the direction for the Russian nationality question.


Background: As the first radioimmunotherapeutic (RIT) agent approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL, yttrium 90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®) has been shown to achieve durable responses in heavily pretreated NHL patients. In phase 1–2, the eligibility criteria for 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy excluded patients with hypocellular bone marrow ( 25%, or prior ASCT due to concern of depleting the bone marrow reserve. However, Kaminski et al previously demonstrated that a parallel RIT agent, 131I tositumomab, was safe and efficacious when administered after ASCT (Blood2000; 96:1259–66). We report our experience of using ibritumomab tiuxetan in NHL patients with a prior history of ASCT. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL, ≥18 years, platelet counts >100,000/mm3, bone marrow cellularity >15%, and lymphomatous involvement 150,000/mm3). Pretreatment diagnostic PET/CT scans were taken for all patients and evaluated for areas of lymphomatous involvement. Follow-up scans were performed approximately 12 weeks after treatment to assess patient response. Maximum toxicities were monitored weekly over a 12-week period after therapy and classified according to CTCAE v. 3.0 toxicity criteria. Results: Patients with a prior history of ASCT had received a minimum of 4 previous regimens (range, 4–7). Subjects presented with follicular NHL (n = 3), transformed NHL (n = 1), large cell lymphoma (n = 1), and mantle cell lymphoma (n = 1). Six patients were evaluable for toxicity and 5 patients were evaluable for response. Observed toxicities were consistent with those expected in this patient population, with 33% (2/6) and 17% (1/6) of patients experiencing grade 4 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 neutropenia, respectively. Episodes of bleeding or neutropenic fever were not observed. Of the 5 patients evaluable for response, 1 patient with follicular lymphoma had a complete response to ibritumomab tiuxetan as determined by FDG-PET imaging. Conclusions: Ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy is feasible and safe in NHL patients who have previously received ASCT. Heavily pretreated patients can benefit from the administration of ibritumomab tiuxetan although additional data are needed to further characterize the degree of clinical response after ASCT.


We consider a material with a given homogeneous temperature field: we are interested in the calculation of the local thermal stresses and the global behaviour of the homogeneous equivalent medium. In the second part, the transient temperature field is non homogeneous. Particular attention is devoted to thermoelastic damping


The crystal structure of di(nitrato-O)(4,7-diphenyl-1,10phenanthroline-N,N')palladium(II) dimethyl sulfoxide solvate, [Pd(NO 3 ) 2 (C 24 H 16 N 2 )].C 2 H 6 OS, contains two unidentate O-bonded nitrato groups, and the bidentate 4,7-diphenyl- 1,10-phenanthroline molecule in almost square-planar coordination around the Pd atom. The phenanthroline ring system is non-planar, exhibiting a bow-shaped deformation likely originating from the metal coordination. The coordinated ligand, as a consequence, exhibits geometrical deformations compared with the free ligand molecule. The crystals have channels which host the disordered solvate molecules. The geometrical results are compared with those for related compounds


Data reduplication is a process for eliminating imitation print of statistics, and has been extensively used in cloud storeroom to lessen storage room and upload bandwidth. Although convergent encryption has been far adopted for secure reduplication, a vital issue of making convergent encryption practical is to powerful and constantly run a huge quantity of convergent keys. We first begin a baseline advance in which each client holds an independent master key for encrypting the convergent keys and outsourcing them to the cloud. Though, such a baseline key group method generate an huge number of keys with the high number of users and fulfil users to dedicatedly guard the master keys. To this end, we plan De key, a new construction in which users do not need to handle any keys on their personal but as a substitute strongly dispense the convergent key shares across several servers. Security analysis demonstrates that De key is safe in terms of the definition particular in the future security model. As a evidence of concept, we apply De-key using the Ramp secret sharing scheme and reveal that De-key incurs partial overhead in practical environments.


A blank for a container comprises floor and roof panels A,I and four side wall panels B,C,D,E. In addition there are further flap panels F,G,H and a locking arrangement comprising a tongue J that cooperates with a slot K. The fold lines between the wall panels and the floor and roof panels are all curved so that when assembled the walls each take on a two-dimensioned concave shape while the roof and floor panels take on three-dimensioned convex shapes. The corners created between adjacent wall panels form acute angles. The number of wall panels can be from 3 to 8. The container may be made from more than one box blank (fig 2). The blank may be produced from any sheet material that can be readily creased and folded but is rigid enough to maintain its shape when formed. The containers are intended to provide increased protection to contents by the strength of the corners and the domed floor and roof panels.


Supporting both accurate and reliable localization in critical environments is key to increasing the potential of logistic mobile robots. This paper presents a system for indoor robot localization based on Reservoir Computing from noisy radio signal strength index (RSSI) data generated by a network of sensors. The proposed approach is assessed under different conditions in a real-world hospital environment. Experimental results show that the resulting system represents a good trade-off between localization performance and deployment complexity, with the ability to recover from cases in which permanent changes in the environment affect its generalization performance.


Bitcoin is a decentralised cryptocurrency, which means it does not need a central trusted financial network, such as a bank, to check the identity of the payer or the payee, or to verify and confirm the transactions. Bitcoin popularity has grown slowly in the years since it was introduced in 2009 (Narayanan et al., 2016). However, in 2013, major merchants started accepting bitcoins as an official payment for goods (Hill, 2014). Importantly, in 2014, bitcoin value reached a peak at around $1120 (blockchain.info, 2016). Users such as the online shops need to protect their bitcoins against attackers who attempt to steal them. In other words, they need to protect the wallets that store their bitcoins. They need to keep their private key safe because stealing a Bitcoin private key permits attackers to steal the money. Attackers can exploit the vulnerabilities of the wallet – where users store their private key in order to steal the user's bitcoins.


The problem of Roles Mining is to build a role-based security policy for large information systems based on an analysis of the set of allowed user permissions. The article presents an algorithm for analyzing the matrix of authorized user permissions for optimal role formation. A set of permissions for an individual user is treated as a transaction. As a transaction record, used authority to act on the system. After that, the algorithm of searching for associative rules for the set of authorities is applied. Only associative rules are considered, including one power as a prerequisite and one as a consequence. A graph of the relationship of authority in the given system is being constructed. This graph is oriented weighted. The weight of the arc is determined by the support of the corresponding associative rule. For the graph constructed, clustering is performed using the community search algorithm. A hierarchy of communities is being built. Powers unite in roles if they are part of the same community. The hierarchy of communities defines the hierarchy of roles. The proposed algorithm can be used both for building a role-based security policy, and for optimizing an already existing role hierarchy.


Two experiments were carried out on cucumber (Cucumis sativus. L) under greenhouses conditions at Kaha Research Farm, Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt during successive spring seasons of 2014 and 2015 to compare the effect of NPK fertigation rates and some pruning types on the fruit quality, yield, and minerals contents of some cucumber hybrids grown under plastic greenhouse conditions. The investigation consisted of three fertilization levels i.e. 75%, 100% and 125% from the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers, two pruning methods (one shoot and two shoots/plant) and two cucumber F1 hybrids i.e. Sina 1 and Sina 2 were used. The results indicated that cultivar Sina 2was the best comparing with the Sina1 concerning yield and fruit characteristics, fruit mineral contents (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), ascorbic acid and total sugars. Similar results were obtained by using pruning plants on one branch per plant. Using 125% from the recommended doses of NPK fertilizers gave the highest values of yield and different fruit characteristics, fruit mineral contents (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), ascorbic acid and total sugars content compared with the other treatments. The highest values for fruit characteristics N,P,K, TSS, and V.C content in cucumber fruits were obtained from the interaction treatment between cv. Sina1, pruning the plant on one branch and fertilizing with 125% from the recommended dose of NPK fertilization level.


The 1$_{11}$-1$_{01}$ lines of ortho and para--NH$_2$D (o/p-NH$_2$D), respectively at 86 and 110 GHz, are commonly observed to provide constraints on the deuterium fractionation in the interstellar medium. In cold regions, the hyperfine structure due to the nitrogen ($^{14}$N) nucleus is resolved. To date, this splitting is the only one which is taken into account in the NH$_2$D column density estimates. We investigate how the inclusion of the hyperfine splitting caused by the deuterium (D) nucleus affects the analysis of the rotational lines of NH$_2$D. We present 30m IRAM observations of the above mentioned lines, as well as APEX o/p-NH$_2$D observations of the 1$_{01}$-0$_{00}$ lines at 333 GHz. The hyperfine spectra are first analyzed with a line list that only includes the hyperfine splitting due to the $^{14}$N nucleus. We find inconsistencies between the line widths of the 1$_{01}$-0$_{00}$ and 1$_{11}$-1$_{01}$ lines, the latter being larger by a factor of $\sim$1.6$\pm0.3$. Such a large difference is unexpected given the two sets of lines are likely to originate from the same region. We next employ a newly computed line list for the o/p-NH$_2$D transitions, where the hyperfine structure induced by both nitrogen and deuterium nuclei is included. With this new line list, the analysis of the previous spectra leads to linewidths which are compatible. Neglecting the hyperfine structure owing to D leads to overestimate the linewidths of the o/p-NH$_2$D lines at 3 mm. The error for a cold molecular core is about 50\%. This error propagates directly to the column density estimate. It is therefore recommended to take into account the hyperfine splittings caused by both the $^{14}$N and D nuclei in any analysis relying on these lines.


In order to improve teaching quality and advance students' capacity,according to the feature of vocational and technical education,'1215' is put forward as the direction in this course.'machinery design' is constructed in the respect of curricular system and content,teaching means,experiment and design practical teaching.


A smoothed distribution estimator is proposed when the data are subject to random left truncation and right censorship.The asymptotic properties of the smoothed distribution estimator are established.A relative deficiency is suggested for the smoothed estimator of distribution to the empirical estimator.Under some assumptions,the smoothed distribution estimator is better than the empirical one. In addition,simulation study is conducted and it shows that the smoothed estimator outperforms the empirical one.


The invention provides a high strength seamless steel pipe with excellent low temperature toughness and manufacturing method thereof. The steel pipe comprises 0.15%-0.20% of C, 0.20%-0.30% of Si, 0.2%-0.5% of Mn, no more than 0.010% of P, no more than 0.003% of S, 0.6%-0.8% of Cr, 0.4%-0.7% of Mo, 1.0%-1.4% of Ni, 0.01%-0.035% of Nb, 0.01-0.05% of Als and the balance of Fe. The method comprises steps of: (1) smelting: pretreated molten iron with sulfur no more than 0.005%; and after smelting: P<=0.010%, S<=0.003%, O<=0.002%, N<=0.006% and H<=0.0002%; (2) manufacturing of round billet: degree of superheat of continuous casting superheat of square billet less than 30 DEG C, casting speed fluctuation less than 0.05m / min, straightening temperature higher than 950 DEG C and square billet heating temperature of 1300-1340DEG C; (3) steel pipe molding: billet heating temperature of 1250-1300 DEG C, piercing temperature higher than 1200 DEG C, continuous rolling temperature higher than 1050 DEG C, and sizing and reducing temperature higher than 800DEG C; and (4) heat treatment: quenching temperature of 900-920 DEG C, tempering temperature of 500-600 DEG C and tempering time longer than 60 min. The product provided by the invention has yield strength of 125ksi, and -60DEG C impact energy greater than 40J.


The paper introduced the silicon capacitance differential pressure sensor's problems and problems analysis in the random vibration.Compared with different directions and different energies in vibration,the results identified the failure of the most sensitive direction,meanwhile,analysis of the failure and internal structure of the test sample.The corresponding relationship is given about vibration energy and product failure stress.It puts forward to improvement suggestions,and verifying test of sample.


Objective: To establish reference values for isometric strength of 12 muscle groups and flexibility of 13 joint movements in 1,000 children and adults and investigate the influence of demographic and anthropometric factors. Methods: A standardized reliable protocol of hand-held and fixed dynamometry for isometric strength of ankle, knee, hip, elbow, and shoulder musculature as well as goniometry for flexibility of the ankle, knee, hip, elbow, shoulder, and cervical spine was performed in an observational study investigating 1,000 healthy male and female participants aged 3–101 years. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with strength and flexibility of children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. Results: Normative reference values of 25 strength and flexibility measures were generated. Strong linear correlations between age and strength were identified in the first 2 decades of life. Muscle strength significantly decreased with age in older adults. Regression modeling identified increasing height as the most significant predictor of strength in children, higher body mass in adolescents, and male sex in adults and older adults. Joint flexibility gradually decreased with age, with little sex difference. Waist circumference was a significant predictor of variability in joint flexibility in adolescents, adults, and older adults. Conclusions: Reference values and associated ageand sex-stratified z scores generated from this study can be used to determine the presence and extent of impairments associated with neuromuscular and other neurologic disorders, monitor disease progression over time in natural history studies, and evaluate the effect of new treatments in clinical trials. Neurology® 2017;88:36–43 Meaningful, reliable, and sensitive outcome measures are required to monitor treatment and progression of neuromuscular and other neurologic disorders. While there have been substantial advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of many neuromuscular disorders, the identification and development of new outcome measures that best reflect the efficacy of specific treatments have not advanced at the same rate. Establishing valid and responsive outcome measures is a priority for the field. To assist in the development of new outcome measures, normative reference values generated from large populations across the lifespan using standardized methods are required. Normative reference values can be utilized to generate z scores, which can be used in multicenter studies to improve outcome measure precision and responsiveness. Muscle weakness and joint contractures predispose to numerous pathologies requiring intervention. Reference data play an important role in identifying and quantifying these impairments and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Currently, few comprehensive datasets detail the normal variation of active range of motion in healthy individuals and are limited by the number of joints assessed, the age range of participants, or insufficient sex representation. From the Faculty of Health Sciences (M.J.M., J.N.B., P.F., M.S., J.B.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science (N.V.), University of Hull, UK; and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead) and Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of New South Wales (J.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia. Coinvestigators are listed at Neurology.org. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article. 36 © 2016 American Academy of Neurology a 2016 American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. 186 Similar limitations exist in strength reference datasets, relevant only to children or adult populations, or strength measured using equipment not readily available in clinic. The purpose of this study was to generate a reference dataset of normative values across the lifespan for an extensive set of isometric muscle strength and joint flexibility items, stratified for age and sex, and to investigate the influence of demographic and anthropometric factors. METHODS Study design and participants. Data were collected as part of the 1,000 Norms Project, an observational study investigating physical function and self-reported health in 1,000 people across the lifespan (see full protocol). One thousand people aged between 3 and 101 years from the Greater Sydney metropolitan area in Australia participated in the project. Participants were recruited from January 2014 to September 2015 using highly structured convenience and snowball sampling techniques, including advertising via social media, e-newsletters, and community flyers. Presentations were held at social and volunteer groups, aged care organizations, playgroups, and schools. Eligible participants were aged $3 years, considered themselves healthy for their age, and could participate in age-appropriate activities of daily living. People with significant health conditions affecting physical performance or an inability to follow age-appropriate instructions were excluded. Potential participants with the following conditions were also excluded: diagnosed diabetes mellitus; malignant cancers; demyelinating, inflammatory, or degenerative neurologic conditions; pregnancy; class 3 obesity; severe cardiac or pulmonary disease; joint replacement; infectious or inflammatory arthropathies; or severe mobility impairment necessitating dependence on mobility aids for all ambulation. Equal numbers of male and female participants were recruited and were stratified into 9 age categories. One hundred people per decade were recruited in the age groups of 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and 801 years. In order to represent the rapid periods of growth and maturation and to distinguish between young children and adolescents, 20 children per year from 3 to 9 years of age and 16 per year from 10 to 19 years of age were recruited. Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents. Ethical approval was granted by the institutional Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC 2013/640) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants or parents/guardians of children. Procedure. Participants attended the University of Sydney Performance Laboratory once for a 2-hour assessment. Participants had their height, body mass, waist circumference, and lower limb alignment measured. Foot structure was assessed using the Foot Posture Index, a 6-item summed scale from 212 (supinated) to 112 (pronated). Age, sex, current work status, and self-reported ethnicity were collected from all participants or parents/guardians. Work status was classified as working (full-time, part-time, or unpaid) or not currently working (unemployed, student, or retired). Ethnicity was classified into 5 categories: British/ European, American, Asian, African, and Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander. Two experienced clinical evaluators (physiotherapists) assessed isometric strength and joint flexibility using standardized methodology, including instructions, positioning, and scoring. The dominant limb was assessed and determined as the hand used to write with and the foot used to kick a ball. The strength of 12 muscle groups—hand grip, ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, knee flexors and extensors, hip abductors, internal and external rotators, elbow flexors and extensors, and shoulder internal and external rotators—were assessed by maximal voluntary isometric contraction using a portable hand-held dynamometer (Citec dynamometer CT 3001; CIT Technics, Groningen, Netherlands). The dynamometer was calibrated 0–500 N with certified weights monthly throughout data collection. The strength of knee musculature in participants $12 years of age was assessed by fixed dynamometry (CSMi; HUMAC NORM, Stoughton, MA). For unit of measure consistency, knee flexor and extensor strength in children aged 3–11 years were converted to Newton-meters (Nm) using anthropometric tables. Rather than using the fixation device outlined in the protocol, ankle plantarflexion strength was assessed using hand-held dynamometry in long sitting, heel over plinth edge. Joint flexibility was assessed using a universal goniometer, digital inclinometer, or bubble inclinometer (Baseline; Fabrication Enterprises Inc., White Plains, NY) depending on the joint assessed. Thirteen active joint range movements were assessed: ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, knee flexion and extension, hip flexion, internal and external rotation, elbow flexion and extension, shoulder internal and external rotation, and cervical flexion and extension. Interrater reliability of the clinical evaluators demonstrated satisfactory repeatability of all strength and flexibility measures (intraclass correlation coefficient2,1 0.80–0.99) in a pilot study of 10 participants aged 6–67 years. Data analysis. Data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture and manually checked for transcription errors. Reference values were generated for each age group and sex in SPSS v22 Statistics for Windows (IBM SPSS; Armonk, NY). Normality of the data was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For analysis, age categories were children (3–9 years), adolescents (10–19 years), adults (20–59 years), and older adults (601 years). To determine if strength and flexibility differed between male and female participants, independent t tests were conducted. A series of multiple regression models was constructed to determine the extent to which muscle strength and joint flexibility were influenced by participant demographic (age and sex) and anthropometric factors (height, body mass, waist circumference, foot posture, and lower limb alignment). First, Pearson product-moment correlation coef


This article discusses the most common model of cooperation between state authorities and business enterprises in the formation of a social asset in the region. The authors have analyzed and systematized the tools used in the regions of Russia and coordinate with the designated structures. Information on ordering methods and tools of interaction between state authorities and the business is set out in the article, helps to make more reasonable on building social asset areas and are useful in improving the qualifications of civil servants' administrations interested in ensuring the social and economic well-being of the region.


A clinical and radiological picture of bronchopneumonia was observed in a patient between the second and third weeks post-infection with cercariae of S. mansoni. There was a spontaneous recovery without sequelae in 20 days and the clinical and radiological alterations were interpreted as associated with the passage of schistosomulae through the lungs.


Abstract We define a partial Radon transform mapping functions on $\mathbb{R}^{n+l}$ to functions on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ which intertwines the Laplace operator on the two spaces. As a consequence, transplantation formulae relating the radial eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on Euclidean spaces of different dimensions are obtained. Our formulae provide a geometric interpretation of integral formulae for Bessel functions of Abel type, which are found useful in potential theory. The formulae portray a view of Hadamard's method of descent within the realm of harmonic analysis, allowing the transplant of local problems from even dimensions to odd dimensions and unifying the techniques of several authors.


The anti-inflammatory effects of pranlukast, an antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1, may be rendered not only by antileukotriene activity but also by other pharmacological activities. Previous studies indicate that pranlukast reduces ischemic tissue injury partially through decreasing vascular permeability, but its effect on ischemic injury in endothelial cells is not known. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of pranlukast on ischemia-like injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in EA.hy926 cells, a human endothelial cell line, and the possible mechanisms. We found that cell viability was reduced, lactate dehydrogenase release was increased 4-8 hours after OGD, and necrosis was induced 8 hours after OGD. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased by 211%, 176%, and 128%, respectively, 0.5, 1, and 2 hours after OGD. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was translocated to the nuclei 4-8 hours after OGD. Pranlukast ameliorated the reduced viability, the increased lactate dehydrogenase release, and necrosis after OGD. It also reduced ROS production and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation after OGD. The ROS scavenger, edaravone, inhibited OGD-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB as well. Edaravone and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (a specific NF-κB inhibitor) protected endothelial cells from the OGD-induced injury. However, zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, did not affect the cell injury, ROS production, and NF-κB nuclear translocation after OGD. The exogenous leukotriene D4 did not induce cell injury, ROS production, and NF-κB translocation. Thus, we conclude that pranlukast protects endothelial cells from ischemia-like injury via decreasing ROS production and inhibiting NF-κB activation, which is leukotriene independent.


Schelde Heron is putting the finishing touches to a new generation of turbines. Unique design features and the application of top-notch materials have enabled Schelde's engineers to realise a high efficiency co-generation unit that meets the needs of the 21st century. Stainless Steel World visited the nerve centre of operations, at Breda. the Netherlands, to learn more about materials usage.


................................................................................................................................................ iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the Problem .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objectives of the Study .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Preliminary Literature Review ............................................................................................................. 3 1.5 Justification of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Research Design ..................................................................................................................................... 7 1.6.2 Research Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.6.3 Population ............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.6.4 Sampling Techniques ............................................................................................................................ 8 1.6.5 Data Collection Methods ....................................................................................................................... 9 1.6.7 In-depth Interviews ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.6.8 Documentary Search ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.6.9 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................................10 1.7 Limitations ............................................................................................................................................10 1.8 Delimitations .........................................................................................................................................11 1.9 Dissertation Overview ..........................................................................................................................11 CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTUALIZATION OF LIMITED MILITARY INTERVENTION AND INSURGENCY ...........................................................................................................................................12 2.


This research aims to find out whether people exposed to short-term meditation reveal more self-interest or social preferences in a trust game. By comparing the trust and trustworthiness of subjects exposed to meditation before playing an investment game to others who are not exposed to it, but involved in a different simple task, we find that the former exhibit more trust and pro-social behaviors on average than the latter. However, these effects seem to not last long.


It has been almost five years since the first report of live pig produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. Though it is more difficult, lower efficiency, compared to embryonic cell nuclear (ECNT) technology, the cloning pigs with SCNT technology has been further studied. Some progress has taken in the fields of mechanism and approaches. In this paper, we mainly focus on the key technology and its difficulties of SCNT in cloning pigs, including its applications and approach of increasing the efficiency of SCNT.


High-resolution time-series infrared spectra have been observed for a total of 20 Long Period Variables. The stars can be placed in four groups with distinct kinematic behaviour.


Clinical characteristics Autosomal dominant craniometaphyseal dysplasia (designated AD-CMD in this review) is characterized by progressive diffuse hyperostosis of cranial bones evident clinically as wide nasal bridge, paranasal bossing, widely spaced eyes with an increase in bizygomatic width, and prominent mandible. Development of dentition may be delayed and teeth may fail to erupt as a result of hyperostosis and sclerosis of alveolar bone. Progressive thickening of craniofacial bones continues throughout life, often resulting in narrowing of the cranial foramina, including the foramen magnum. If untreated, compression of cranial nerves can lead to disabling conditions such as facial palsy, blindness, or deafness (conductive and/or sensorineural hearing loss). In individuals with typical uncomplicated AD-CMD life expectancy is normal; in those with severe AD-CMD life expectancy can be reduced as a result of compression of the foramen magnum. Diagnosis/testing Diagnosis is based on clinical and radiographic findings that include diffuse hyperostosis of the cranial base, cranial vault, facial bones, and mandible as well as widening and radiolucency of metaphyses in long bones. Identification of a heterozygous pathogenic variant in ANKH by molecular genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis if clinical features are inconclusive. Management Treatment of manifestations: Treatment for feeding and respiratory issues per craniofacial team; surgical intervention to reduce compression of cranial nerves and the brain stem / spinal cord at the level of the foramen magnum. Severely overgrown facial bones can be contoured; however, surgical procedures can be technically difficult and bone regrowth is common. Hearing aids; vision aids and surgical treatment for optic nerve impaction; speech therapy; surgical intervention for malocclusion. Surveillance: Evaluation for feeding and respiratory issues at least annually. Neurologic evaluation for signs and symptoms of narrowing of the cranial foramina including the foramen magnum at least annually. Hearing and ophthalmologic assessment at least annually. Genetic counseling By definition, AD-CMD is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Most individuals diagnosed with AD-CMD have an affected parent; the proportion of individuals with AD-CMD caused by a de novo pathogenic variant is thought to be very low. Each child of an individual with AD-CMD has a 50% chance of inheriting the pathogenic variant. Once the AD-CMD-causing pathogenic variant has been identified in an affected family member, prenatal testing for a pregnancy at increased risk and preimplantation genetic testing are possible.


The establishment of the adequate framework for the living and the solidity of the human settlements in the Depression Târgu Secuiesc, according to historical realities and with the various writings of the times, proving the ancient, permanency and continuity of the Romanians in this area have concerned over time the Romanians and the Hungarians in the same time. Compelling testimonies highlighted by numerous archaeological discoveries are dating from the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron and Feudalism, showing continuous occupation of this territory since ancient times and the absence of a population vacuum, even temporarily, at the coming migrants Hungarian, Szeklers (Székely) or other migratory. The Romanism aspect of the area is and was subject to controversy created especially by the Roesler's theory that the vacuum ethnic to the coming of Hungarians, theory "removed" not only by Romanian, but also by the representatives of the ethnic groups inhabiting, even by Hungarian ethnicity.


Particulate lubricants are commonly admixed in powder metallurgy (PM) premixes to provide lubricity during the compaction process by decreasing interparticle friction, as well as decreasing the friction between the particles and the die. Friction reduction between the final compact and the die allows for easier part ejection, which leads to improved life of the tooling. In this study, four total admixed lubricants are tested to determine their effect on the properties of the premixed powder, green compacts, and final sintered parts. Two of the lubricants, EBS wax and Kenolube, are commonly used in the PM industry, while two other lubricants are experimental lubricants. All four lubricants are compared over a range of compaction pressures and at two different die temperatures.


Standard Semiconductor technology uses active and function defining layer structures which are at least nearly lattice matched to the substrate, to ensure the required device performance. The nanowire approach allows very large differences in crystal structure between carrier substrate and active device regions with nearly no loss in material quality. This way the available material and related functional diversity is enhanced significantly. So, for example, the fabrication of high quality III-V-semiconductor lasers on silicon substrates should be possible.


Introduction Patients presenting with chest pain, raised troponin but non-obstructive coronary arteries pose a clinical challenge in diagnosis, prognosis and management. We hypothesised that early cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can provide a diagnosis and comprehensive characterisation for acute myocardial injury of indeterminate aetiology. Methods and results 120 patients presenting with chest pain, positive troponin (TnI>0.04 µg/l) and non-obstructive coronary arteries prospectively underwent early CMR (median 3 days, range 0–14 days) at 1.5 T, including cine imaging for function, T2-weighted imaging for oedema and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging for myocardial necrosis/scarring. The mean age=50±17 years (50% female); median TnI=3.99 ug/l (0.07–60 µg/l); mean left ventricular ejection fraction=64±12%. There was a high CMR diagnostic yield of 95%. Significant oedema was detected in 79% and LGE in 61%. The commonest diagnosis was myocarditis (37.5%), followed by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (22.5%), myocardial infarction (17.5%), acute regional stunning (9.2%; wall motion abnormality with oedema but no LGE), dilated cardiomyopathy (4.2%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (3.3%), and missed pulmonary embolism (0.8%). Eleven of the 21 patients with MI (52%) had a patent foramen ovale (PFO) demonstrated on transthoracic echocardiography with agitated saline contrast and presumably suffered a paradoxical embolism to a coronary artery. The remaining 5.0% of patients had no clear diagnosis identified. Conclusions CMR has a high diagnostic yield (95%) in patients presenting with troponin-positive chest pain but non-obstructive coronary arteries when performed early (median 3 days). This study highlights the importance and usefulness of early access to CMR in this group of patients. When no apparent cause is identified, early conventional CMR was able to exclude myocardial infarction, wall motion abnormality, significant oedema or scarring.


Localities at the intersection of bioclimatic zones can produce interesting bird-community assemblages. Edgbaston Reserve, in central-western Queensland, known for the high biodiversity of its artesian springs complex, sits within the intersection of the Torresian, Bassian and Eyrean bioclimatic zones and straddles the intersection of two bioregions on the western edge of the Great Dividing Range. Here we present bird records accumulated through standardised surveys and opportunistic observations. A total of 143 species of birds was detected on Edgbaston Reserve. From these data we report on notable species recorded and the significance of the avifauna community found on this Reserve. In addition to Edgbaston conserving artesian-spring habitat and threatened aquatic species, we highlight the importance of this Reserve for the preservation of woodland and arid birds.


This study attempt to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics and job satisfaction among academic library professionals in Cuddalore and Vellore district in Tamil Nadu, India. The sample size is 124 library professionals and usable questionnaires were 104 which was 91% of total sample size. The experienced library professionals were more satisfied then less experienced. Professional with higher qualification was more satisfied with job than with less qualification. The findings of this study are helpful for administration of the concerned regional body for policy formulation regarding human assets.


Aristotle's concept of the common good is not synonymous with the good life, as has often been thought; it is a standard for evaluating political justice in light of what the city "actually is." He argues from a sociological analysis of the reality of all cities, querying first the essential constituents and purposes of a city and then asking: what distribution of benefits and burdens could be just, and so render its common action a common good? The life of virtue is only one answer to this question. As a conceptual tool, the common good requires neither the political goal of virtue nor an ancient Greek setting, so theorists today can faithfully apply Aristotle's notion of the common good without being bound to his conclusions. Aristotle's original use of the common good is worth retrieving for the way it combines empirical and normative concerns in an analysis of political membership.


Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), an important bovine pathogen, establishes life-long latency in sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG). Stress, as mimicked by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone, consistently induces reactivation in calves latently infected with BoHV-1. Dexamethasone induces expression of several transcription factors in TG neurons during early stages of reactivation, including Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLF): KLF4, KLF6, KLF15, and promyelocytic leukemia zinc fin -ger. Furthermore, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is consistently detected in TG neu- rons expressing viral regulatory proteins during reactivation from latency. The viral immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) promoter that drives expression of two viral transcription factors (bICP0 and bICP4) contains two GR response elements (GREs) and is stimulated by DEX. KLF15 and the GR form a feed forward transcription loop that synergistically stimulates productive infection and IEtu1 promoter activity. New studies demonstrate the GR and KLF6 synergistically stimulate productive infection and IEtu1 promoter activity if the GREs are intact. Furthermore, the GR and KLF6 interact with wild-type GREs within the IEtu1 promoter, but not GRE mutants. These studies suggest that certain KLF family members and the GR can convert a silent viral genome in latently infected neurons into an actively transcribing genome during reactivation from latency.


A unified approach, based on Lyapunov theory, for synthesis and stability analysis of adaptive and repetitive controllers for mechanical manipulators is presented. This approach utilizes the passivity properties of the manipulator dynamics to derive control laws which guarantee asymptotic trajectory following, without requiring exact knowledge of the manipulator dynamic parameters. The manipulator overall controller consists of a fixed PD action and an adaptive and/or repetitive action for feed-forward compensations. The nonlinear feedforward compensation is adjusted utilizing a linear combination of the tracking velocity and position errors. The repetitive compensator is recommended for tasks in which the desired trajectory is periodic. The repetitive control input is adjusted periodically without requiring knowledge of the explicit structure of the manipulator model. The adaptive compensator, on the other hand, may be used for more general trajectories. However, explicit information regarding the dynamic model structure is required in the parameter adaptation. For discrete time implementations, a hybrid version of the repetitive controller is derived and its global stability is proven. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the repetitive controller, and its hybrid version. The hybrid repetitive controller is also implemented in the Berkeley</NSK SCARA type robot arm.


Introduction: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder characterized by development of hamartomas in the brain, skin, kidneys, lung and heart. These benign tumors rarely progress to malignancy but can lead to organ dysfunction. Two tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of TSC. The TSC1 gene, found on chromosome 9q3, codes for the protein hamartin, while the TSC2 gene, found on chromosome 16p13, codes for tuberin. Common renal manifestations of TSC include angiomyolipomas (85.4%), renal cysts (44.8%) and renal cell carcinomas (4.2%). Less than 2% of patients with …


What is Aphanomyces Root Rot of alfalfa? Aphanomyces Root Rot (ARR) is a disease caused by the oomycete pathogen, Aphanomyces euteiches. A. euteiches can infect many legume species, one of which is alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Aphanomyces is often seen in disease complex with other root rotting diseases, such as Phytophthora and Pythium Root Rot. Fieldwide symptoms of Aphanomyces infection include thin, stunted growth above soil with yellowing leaves and rotting root systems below the soil surface (Figure 1). ARR is an economically important disease because it affects alfalfa at both the seedling and mature plant stages causing severe yield loss.


Based on DEM, a model of climatically potential productivity in grassland has been built in Gonghe basin in Qinghai province. Furthermore, a modified model of grassland productivity on the basis of consideration into crop water consumption and grazing intensity has also been made in combination with the observation of grassland biomass in Gonghe basin. The results indicate that 1) Photosynthetic-temperature potential productivity in Grassland ranges from 4.0 to 23.8t/hm~2 with an average of 15.3 t/hm~2, which accounts for 53% of photosynthetic potential productivity, 58% in valley, 54% in lowland, and 44% in highland. Therefore, temperature has more influences on grass productivity in highland than that in valley and lowland; 2) climate potential productivity in grassland ranges from 3.45t/hm~2 to 8.98 t/hm~2,with a mean value of 6.6 t/hm~2, accounting for 43% of photosynthetic-temperature potential productivity, 23% of photosynthetic potential productivity, 34% of photosynthetic-temperature potential productivity in valley, 41% in lowland, and 69% in highland. Water has more influence on grass productivity in valley and lowland than that in highland and especially in the grass-desert area and desertification-grassland areas; 3) Grassland actual productivity in Gonghe basin is estimated to 1/5~1/12 of grassland climate potential productivity, according to the data from field survey. Taking the factors of plant water consumption and grazing intensity into consideration, the estimated productivity of grassland is 0.95t/hm~2~3.9t/hm~2, 2.2 t/hm~2 on average, accounting for 33.3% of climatic potential productivity, and very close to actual grassland productivity. Obviously, grassland water consumption and grazing intensity has a great influence on actual grassland productivity, implying that over grazing is one of main causes of grassland degeneration in Gonghe basin in Oinghai Province.


An analysis of H and H spectra in a sample of 30 cool dwarf and subgiant stars is presented using MARCS model atmospheres based on the most recent calculations of the line opacities. A detailed quantitative comparison of the solar flux spectra with model spectra shows that Balmer line prole shapes, and therefore the temperature structure in the line formation region, are best represented under the mixing length theory by any combination of a low mixing-length parameter and a low convective structure parameter y. A slightly lower eective temperature is obtained for the sun than the accepted value, which we attribute to errors in models and line opacities. The programme stars span temperatures from 4800 to 7100 K and include a small number of population II stars. Eective temperatures have been derived using a quantitative tting method with a detailed error analysis. Our temperatures nd good agreement with those from the Infrared Flux Method (IRFM) near solar metallicity but show dierences at low metallicity where the two available IRFM determinations themselves are in disagreement. Comparison with recent temperature determinations using Balmer lines by Fuhrmann (1998, 2000), who employed a dierent description of the wing absorption due to self-broadening, does not show the large dierences predicted by Barklem et al. (2000b). In fact, perhaps fortuitously, reasonable agreement is found near solar metallicity, while we nd signicantly cooler temperatures for low metallicity stars of around solar temperature.


This study aims to examine the evolution of blue-green space and urban development in the Yangtze River Delta region using Arcgis spatial analysis, landscape pattern index, and PLUS model to inform urban planning and environmental protection efforts. The results indicate that:1) Blue space in the region's six metropolitan areas initially increased, then decreased significantly from 2000-2020, while green space continued to decline. However, recent environmental policies have mitigated this trend. 2) Improved living standards have led to increased green space within cities, but construction land occupation has reduced green space outside of cities. 3) Blue-green space is becoming more fragmented, scattered, and homogenized in shape, and that economic development influences green space, while different regional development patterns impact blue space. 4) Socioeconomic and natural factors both drive blue-green space to change. There is a "dual desirability" between blue-green space protection and urban development. In conclusion, the scale and landscape pattern of blue-green space have changed significantly in the last 20 years, which are greatly influenced by urban development, and the blue-green space differences among metropolitan areas are obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to protect and optimize the blue-green space pattern of the metropolitan areas.


It is suggested that at least in mammals the basic differences between male and female differentiation of the primary gonad lie not only in the direction of gonadal differentiation but in the fact that different mechanisms ensure male or female differentiation. The most important step in the male differentiation is the development and the hormonal secretion of the interstitial cells (prenatal Leydig cells). Germ cells need not be present for this to occur. For ovarian differentiation the presence of the germ cells is required, and for the preservation and development of the primordial follicles, the proper function of germ cells and somatic cells of the gonad seems to be necessary. The locus or loci concerned with the ovarian differentiation of the primary gonad might lie on the euchromatic X chromosome and/or might be located on an autosome or autosomes. Present evidence does not permit the exclusion of either possibility. For further ovarian development with full oogenesis in humans, the second X chromosome is essential.


The classifications and reductions of radially symmetric diffusion system are studied due to the conditional Lie-Backlund symmetry method. We obtain the invariant condition, which is the so-called determining system and under which the radially symmetric diffusion system admits second-order conditional Lie-Backlund symmetries. The governing systems and the admitted second-order conditional Lie-Backlund symmetries are identified by solving the nonlinear determining system. Exact solutions of the resulting systems are constructed due to the compatibility of the original system and the admitted differential constraint corresponding to the invariant surface condition. For most of the cases, they are reduced to solving four-dimensional dynamical systems.


Acknowledgement I feel a great sense of accomplishment to be able to complete this thesis, as part of the requirement for our Master's degree. I would have not been able to do this on my own without the supports of the people whom are important to me. First, I would like to thank my supervisor, RüdigerLincke, for his continuous support and guidance. His advice and comments are crucial in my progress to complete this thesis. I would also like to thank my parents and family for their words of encouragement and their supports throughout my study period. My friends are also important to me, for without them this experience would be less meaningful. Abstract License plate recognition (LPR) system plays an important role in numerous applications, such as parking accounting systems, traffic law enforcement, road monitoring, expressway toll system, electronic-police system, and security systems. In recent years, there has been a lot of research in license plate recognition, and many recognition systems have been proposed and used. But these systems have been developed for computers. In this project, we developed a mobile LPR system for Android Operating System (OS). LPR involves three main components: license plate detection, character segmentation and Optical Character Recognition (OCR). For License Plate Detection and character segmentation, we used JavaCV and OpenCV libraries. And for OCR, we used tesseract-ocr. We obtained very good results by using these libraries. We also stored records of license numbers in database and for that purpose SQLite has been used.


The effect of nonlinear internal wave on reverberation is investigated for the shallow water region having an underwater sound channel, which was observed during SAVEX15 experiment. When source is located near the channel axis, the reverberation from rough bottom is insignificant because of trapped modes not interacting with the bottom. However, when a nonlinear internal wave is present, the reverberation level increases since trapped modes transfer to bottom interacting modes due to sound fluctuation by the nonlinear internal wave. This trend can be explained by the coupled mode equation [(2014). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 135, 610-625]. To theoretically describe the increase of bottom reverberation, we simplify the situation where two modes are present; one is a trapped mode and the other is bottom interacting mode. In the situation, the trapped mode transfers to the bottom interacting mode after its encounter with the nonlinear internal wave. The bottom reverberation has different patterns and levels before a...