The pseudophakic eye lacks the ability to produce a refractive change in response to object proximity. Thus, individual anatomical features such as the pupil size play an important role in achieving functional vision levels. In this work, the range of pupil sizes at varying object distance was measured in pseudophakic participants. Furthermore, the impact of the measured values on eye optical quality was investigated using a computer simulation model. A binocular eye-tracker was used to measure the participants' pupil sizes at six object distances, ranging from 0.33 m (i.e., vergence of 3.00 D) to 3.00 m (i.e., vergence of 0.33 D), while observing a Maltese cross with a constant angular size of 1 ∘ . In total, 58 pseudophakic participants were enrolled in this study (age mean ± standard deviation: 70.5 ± 11.3 years). The effects of object distance and age on pupil size variation were investigated using linear mixed effects regression models. Age was found to have a small contribution to individual variability. The mean infinite distance pupil size (intercept) was 4.45 ( 95 % CI: 2.74, 6.17) mm and the mean proximal miosis (slope) was − 0.23 ( 95 % CI: −0.53, 0.08) mm/D. The visual acuity (VA) estimation for a distant object ranged from − 0.1 logMAR (smallest pupil) to 0.04 logMAR (largest pupil) and the near VA ( 0.33 m) when mean proximal miosis was considered ranged from 0.28 logMAR (smallest pupil) to 0.42 logMAR (largest pupil). When mean distance pupil was considered, proximal miosis individual variability produced a variation of 0.04 logMAR for the near object and negligible variation for the distant object. These results support the importance of distance pupil size measurement for the prediction of visual performance in pseudophakia, while suggesting that proximal miosis has a negligible impact in VA variability.


A detailed analysis of the rare τ decay via τ → μee and τ → μμμ in the string models with E 6 symmetry is reported. It is found that Γ(τ → μee)∼(6-7)Γ(τ → μμμ) and these rates are in general about 1000 times less than that of Γ(μ → eγ). It is also found that the outgoing muon in τ → μee is almost 100% right-handed polarized and the outgoing electrons would be predominantly parallel to each other. These decay processes may be accessible at the Superconducting Super Collider


Background: Ischemic stroke results in the activation of microglia, which may polarize toward a pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype or an anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective (M2) phenotype. Thus, simult...


To determine the effects of excess phosphorus (P) application on fruit quality, three-year-old passion fruit plants To determine the effects of excess phosphorus (P) application on fruit quality, three-year-old passion fruit plants grown in sand culture with nutrient application of sufficient P at 3.5 mM were subjected to regulated P application treatment of 0, 1.3, 2.5, or 10 mM for three months. Just after harvest, fruit weight, dimensions, and peel color were measured. After a 10-day storage, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), juice content, wrinkling degree, and juice P content were measured. Leaf mineral contents and SPAD index were measured. TA was the highest and the sugar/acid ratio was the lowest at the highest P treatment where 10 mM of P was applied, although there was no relationship between TA and juice P content. TSS was the lowest at terminated P treatment. Excess P application worsened peel color, while the wrinkling degree was not affected. Fruit weight and juice content were the highest at the highest P. Leaf P content was 0.2 % at P terminated treatment, and 1.2-1.6 % at the highest P treatment. No visible signs of P deficiency or excess were observed. Leaf Ca and Mn contents were higher at higher P treatment. The SPAD index and leaf N, K, Mg, Fe, and Zn contents were not affected. These results indicated that excess P application resulted in a deterioration of passion fruit quality, both in palatability and external appearance.


Privacy and security are major issues in MANET, especially when used in sensitive areas. Secure routing protocols have been developed/proposed by researchers to provide security and privacy at various levels. ALARM protocol (Anonymous Location Aided Routing in MANET) provides both privacy and security features including confidentiality, authentication and authorization. Location based routing is based on some assumptions in MANET ie location of the mobile nodes (using GPS), Time Clock of mobile nodes are loosely synchronized, mobility and Nodes has uniform transmission range. In the current work an effort has been done to review the ALARM protocol and identify some of the security problems in MANET. Further the work suggests a mechanism to prevent malicious activity (replay attack) in MANET using monitoring method.


Men treated for prostate cancer experience heightened psychological distress and have an increased risk of suicide. Management of this distress and risk is crucial for quality urological care.


Wireless ad-hoc networks which do not use network infrastructure are getting more important in various types of applications like vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks. Here, neighbor nodes with which each node can directly communicate may be changed, e.g. due to movement of nodes and faults of networks and nodes. Messages are forwarded to destination nodes by wireless node-to-node communication in ad-hoc routing protocols. In this paper, we newly propose a reliable one-to-one communication protocol named TBAH (Trustworthiness-Based Ad-Hoc communication) protocol where a route to the destination node is dynamically found by selecting trustworthiness nodes. In this paper, the trustworthiness of a node is defined in terms of electric energy consumption of the node. We show the total electric energy consumption can be reduced in the TBAH protocol compared with the AODV protocol in the evaluation.


Summary A high speed algorithm for computation of frequency-wavenumber (f-k) spectra is developed, and two real-time infrasonic data processing techniques that it makes possible, are described: (1) Signal detection by a search of f-k space. This process is compared to the N-4 correlator, a broad-band signal detector. The f-k search with a Fisher detector has a theoretical advantage, which we verify in practice. (2) An f-k filter technique for calculating 'best beam' estimates. This technique traces the beam containing maximum power, from frequency to frequency through f-k space, and thus allows for wandering of signal velocity and arrival azimuth. This maximum power function is taken as the frequency spectrum of the best beam. In our programs the Fisher statistic of the signal estimate, and the velocity and azimuth, are computed and displayed as functions of frequency. Examples from real data for both processing techniques are discussed.


Introduction: Fractures of the clavicle constitute 2.6% of all fractures, account for 44% of the injuries around the shoulder girdle, approximately 70%–80% of which occur in the middle third. Even when significantly displaced, conventionally these fractures are treated without surgery. Conservative treatments either by sling/figure of eight bandage/clavicular brace are favored by patients, but the results are much inferior to what was reported previously. The present study conducted to operate fresh fracture with displacement >2 cm, nonunion by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with locking plate with or without bone grafting. The objective is relief from pain, restoration of activities as far as possible and better cosmetic appearance. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight cases of the clavicle in healthy active individuals between 18 and 65 years of age operated between December 2019 and September 2022 in Hazaribag Medical College, Hazaribag, Jharkhand. Patients with minimally displaced fracture were excluded from the study. Fracture is classified by Allman in three groups as middle 1/3rd, distal 1/3rd, and medial 1/3rd. Indications for surgery are either open fracture, vascular injuries, initial displacement >2 cm, nonunion, cosmetically conscious patients. Results: Fifteen cases of fresh, 6 cases of symptomatic delayed union, and 7 cases of nonunion operated with precontoured plate with or without bone grafting. The average hospital stay was 3–7 days. The average time of fracture union was 10 weeks (8–12 weeks). Patients were followed weekly up to 4 weeks and then after 2 and 6 months. The functional outcome according to Constant and Murley score is excellent in 17 (60.7%) patients, good in 10 (35.7%) patients and satisfactory in 1 (3.6%) case. There was no major complication, one patient had superficial infection, deep infection in 1 case, nonunion in 1 case and plate breakage in one patient. Results were compared with cases treated conservatively. Conclusion: In the present era of competition, cosmesis and advancement with least morbidity and excellent results is required. ORIF in selected cases is a very good option in comparison to accept morbidity, cosmetic disfigurement and below-average functional results.


This article uses the ongoing policy debate over "harm reduction" as a lens for examining the complex relationships between global health governance and the global governance of other issue areas—in this case, the global narcotics control regime. Examining the dynamics of policy entrepreneurship at this interface, I argue that both material and ideational power matter, and that there is a need to better understand the potential influence that global health institutions have in other policy spheres and the extent to which framing can be a successful advocacy strategy. Without denying the potential for policy entrepreneurship, I argue that this case offers some insights into how power and influence operate at such interfaces, which can be important in better understanding the potential for global health institutions to successfully promote pro-health policies.


During the 1990s, explora tion for hydrocarbon reservoirs in deep-water basins resulted in the discovery of numerous significant new fields (GoM, offshore Nigeria and Angola). Spurred by this activity, a great deal has been learned about turbidite-dominated deep-water reservoirs. However, observations made during the development of these fields has tested conventional wisdom and indicate there is much more to learn about deep-water depositional systems and depositional controls on performance behavior. Early production and 4-D seismic monitoring data from many of these fields indicate heterogeneities near and below seismic resolution are common and are important controls on fluid flow. The depositional processes responsible for the formation of these heterogeneities are poorly understood and therefore, difficult to predict and to represent in geologic and reservoir simulation models. One source of information bearing on the problem(s) comes from case studies of Quaternary systems. Detailed case studies of the Congo, Var, Amazon and Corsican fans are here used to better understand and illustrate fundamental geologic processes impacting reservoir characteristics. From these studies, significant progress has been made on a variety of relevant topics including: channel sinuosity and lateral migration, channel-fill heterogeneities, confining levees and terraces, channel-levee transition zones, channel avulsion processes and related deposits and distal, terminal lobe deposits. These insights, when integrated with knowledge gleaned from 3-D and 4-D seismic images, well logs, cores and production information from subsurface settings provide a process-based understanding of deep-water reservoirs and their production performance.


Novel tripodal CMPO ligands having either aryl groups at the N-atom or alkyl groups at the CMPO methylene bridge were prepared in good yields. In the latter case one alkyl group per CMPO moiety was selectively introduced. Extraction studies with Am3+ and Eu3+ show that there is an influence of the electronic character of the aryl groups on the extraction. Alkylation of the CMPO methylene group gives rise to a considerable decrease of the D-values (about 100–1000 times), dependent on the bulkiness of the alkyl substituent.


Ecological problems, their global character, and their particular manifestations in each region of the planet require that a conscious, responsible attitude be taken toward the environment and that entrenched notions about the inexhaustibility of natural resources and the possibility of conquering nature be given up. Failure to take account of the laws of ecological dynamics and stability can result in enormous harm to humankind and to all life on Earth.


A reading of the volume fills one with admiration for the splendid courage shown by the Director of the Italian Institute of Comparative Law, Professor Galgano, in undertaking the various publications of the Institute on Comparative Law. No other Institute of Comparative Law has undertaken a work of such magnitude, its aim being, as far as possible, to give all the materials in Italian, English, French and German—a Herculean task, which is difficult of fulfillment. Most of the materials in the present volume appear in Italian, with the exception of the reported cases, which are given in their original language, and some of the notes, which are in French. It is to be hoped that more of the material will be given in the future in French and English, in order that the splendid work of the Institute may reach a wider circle of readers. The cases included in this volume show a fine sense of discrimination in their selection. The notes and comments throw much light on the cases from a local, and often from a comparative point of view.


In RF energy harvesting, the energy received from electromagnetic waves is converted into useful dc power. The paper aims to review the present strategies for analyzing power conversion efficiency. Several parameters are needed to be evaluated for the power conversion efficiency measurement. Based on the types of functional units, different strategies are analyzed. This review suggests that the gain of the receiver antenna plays a critical role in the RF energy harvesting system. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been obtained in RF harvesting systems is ranging from 20% to 82.3%. The overall PCE depends on efficiency of each block.


An experimental optimization by the modified simplex method of a flow injection analysis (FIA) system for the differential potentiometric determination of calcium ion in water is reported. The performances of the optimized system and of an equivalent conventional potentiometric FIA system are compared. The most important features of the proposed system are a substantial increase in sensitivity (from about 28 to about 50 mV per decade) in the linear response range (10–4–10–2 mol l–1 in both cases) and better repeatability (0.5 and 0.8% versus 1.7 and 1.9%, respectively, at 1 × 10–3 and 6.2 × 10–4 mol l–1 calcium ion). The influence of the ionic strength is discussed, showing that it significantly affects the accuracy of the results. The relative accuracy of the differential system was demonstrated by the determination of the calcium content of drinking waters in parallel with an ASTM certified method.


I characterize the optimal linear commodity taxes when households di er in multiple characteristics and earn multiple incomes, in presence of an optimal non-linear tax schedule on the households' labour incomes. The government should tax a commodity more heavily if, conditional on labour income, more deserving individuals consume larger quantities of that commodity. This is the case for merit goods, or if the government otherwise seeks to compensate individuals who consume larger quantities of that commodity. Furthermore, the government wishes to tax commodities at di erent rates to the extent that doing so reduces the distortions caused by the labour income tax. This is the case when individuals with di erent incomes have di erent preferences, or when individuals with di erent labour supplies also have di erent consumption patterns.


This original research delves into the public's awareness of environmental crimes related to pollution and illegal waste operations in Brescia, Italy. It investigates residents' perceptions of the seriousness of environmental crimes occurring in their proximity. Brescia is an ideal location for this type of study as it features the largest density of dumpsites in Northern Italy and nationwide concerning polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination rates. This article combines the theoretical approaches of green criminology and sociology to qualitatively explain public perception regarding victimless crimes and slow violence. The data derives from content analysis performed on open-ended responses to an online survey. The findings support a framework to explore the perception of environmental crimes' seriousness, suggesting five essential aspects of analysis: the concepts of environment, crime, violence, harm, and victimization. It also assesses both how these perceptions change whenever organized crime groups are involved in illegal waste trade activities, and the human vulnerabilities that arise. The findings suggest the need for several interventions at the legislative level. It highlights how weaknesses within institutions make them inadequate to prevent corruption and illegal waste trade. There is also a lack of civil society engagement to counter these effects and an unsatisfactory way in which media channels circulate information concerning these crimes, showing that the phenomenon of the perceptions of environmental crimes is understudied


Objective To realize the characteristics and drug resistance of community-associated(CA) and healthcare-associated(HA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection,and provide reference for the prevention and control of MRSA infection. Methods Data of MRSA-infected patients who were hospitalized between January and June 2010 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Results The major CA-MRSA infection site was skin and soft tissue(58.82%).The rate of CA-MRSA respiratory tract infection and HA-MRSA respiratory tract infection was 29.41% and 29.63% respectively.There was significant difference in age,length of hospital stay,ICU stay,surgical operation and invasive operation between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA infected patients(P0.05).The resistant rate of HA-MRSA to rifampicin,gentamicin,moxifloxacin,and ciprofloxacin were all higher than those of CA-MRSA(74.19%-93.33% vs 37.50%-52.94%,P0.05). Conclusion CA-MRSA infection varies from HA-MRSA infection in infection characteristics and drug resistance,prevention and control measures should be strengthened,and antimicrobial agents should be used according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing result.


China's current student work system in college undertakes a lot of educational work, but there exists some problems as ambiguous division of work and unprofessional work. With the social development and college students' changes, the original system can not adapt to the student-centered education requirements, which needs the intervention of social work in college.The thesis explores the way of intervention from the necessity, and studies the reconstruction of students work system, to adapt the educational demand.


In this paper we describe the approaches we explored for the 2017 Native Language Identification shared task. We focused on simple word and sub-word units avoiding heavy use of hand-crafted features. Following recent trends, we explored linear and neural networks models to attempt to compensate for the lack of rich feature use. Initial efforts yielded f1-scores of 82.39% and 83.77% in the development and test sets of the fusion track, and were officially submitted to the task as team L2F. After the task was closed, we carried on further experiments and relied on a late fusion strategy for combining our simple proposed approaches with modifications of the baselines provided by the task. As expected, the i-vectors based sub-system dominates the performance of the system combinations, and results in the major contributor to our achieved scores. Our best combined system achieves 90.1% and 90.2% f1-score in the development and test sets of the fusion track, respectively.


PURPOSE: A washing method of a combined drying and drum type washing machine is provided to reduce the washing time period and the power consumption while remove the dirt in a short time by heating clothing with hot wind instead of heating washing water, thereby improving the washing performance. CONSTITUTION: A washing method of a combined drying and drum type washing machine includes the steps of supplying water containing detergent into a drum receiving clothing(S1), generating movement of the clothing by rotating the drum for washing the clothing(S2), draining the water used in the washing stroke(S3), supplying hot wind into the drum to activate dirt contained in the clothing(S4), and separating and discharging the dirt from the clothing.


Laterite, as an important resource of nickel, has become the focus of
 development and utilization. This study adopted the method of mixing ore
 (garnierite and limonite) to increase the recovery rate of nickel in
 garnierite ore. The phase transformation of the two ores were investigated
 during the heating process, dehydroxylation and recrystallization were
 observed and the iron oxides phase was transformed into iron-containing
 spinel finally. By changing the proportion of the two ores, increasing the
 iron content in the sample was beneficial to the reduction of nickel. Then,
 Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and Fe were used as the iron source to study the mechanism of
 the iron-bearing minerals in promoting the reduction of nickel. The results
 indicated that hematite and/or magnetite would react with amorphous silicate
 minerals to generate magnesioferrite and enstatite, thereby avoiding
 additional forsterite generation; moreover, the trevorite phase would be
 formed, which strengthens the aggregation of nickel and iron.


The crystal structural data of eleven 4,7-substituted coumarins were retrieved from Cambridge Structure Database (CSD) and were studied by molecular packing analysis. As shown by the results, during the self-assembling of the 4,7-substituted coumarins.At first,molecules stack through π/π or/and CH/π interactions, and then H-bonds connect the molecule stacks along the molecule planes, resulting in 3D ordered crystals.


Biodiesel waste (glycerol) valorization has been gaining interest currently due to the unique structural characteristic of the compound to be processed into many valuable commodities. The current study is focused on the catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol over Ru supported on NaY-Zeolite catalyst via a sustainable route. The catalysts with variable Ru loading (1-5wt%) synthesized by wetness impregnation method were tested for the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol in a continuous fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure and moderate temperatures (160-240 °C). The physicochemical properties of the catalytic materials have been characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM-EDX techniques. It was observed that the synthesized catalyst remained stable and retained the high crystallinity upon increasing Ru loading and the stretching vibrations of the silica-alumina structure exhibited no difference before and after metal impregnation. Reaction parametric studies performed to compare the effect of calcination and reaction temperature on the catalytic performance during glycerol hydrogenolysis suggested that calcined catalyst has better activity towards glycerol conversion as compared to that of the uncalcined catalyst. Optimization of other reaction parameters such as metal loading, catalyst weight, glycerol concentration, glycerol flow rate as well as hydrogen flow rate is expected to elevate the selectivity towards 1,2-propanediol to a greater extent.


ONE of the most pressing problems in the present crisis is the supplying of proper nourishment for children whose mothers are engaged in wartime employment or in vital war work as nurses in hospitals, helpers in child-care centers, and workers in Red Cross canteens and other emergency services. Not only is it imperative to serve a nourishing lunch to those children whose mothers are away from home at noon, but it is also necessary, in many communities, to make provision for breakfast and for the eve-


The design, construction and performance of a 240 m/sup 2/ (2600 ft/sup 2/) passive solar home in Missoula, Montana are described. The design is of particular interest for Pacific Northwest sites characterized by poor to moderate levels of sun and environmental constraints on the type of supplemental fuel. While wood is an abundant and relatively cheap fuel in western Montana, winter inversion conditions and a massive shift to wood heat has led (in Missoula) to violation of all federal and state ambient air standards for particulates. The key feature of the design employed here is to integrate a wood burning furnace into a massive Trombe wall. The passive solar and conservation aspects of the design minimize the total demand for the supplementary fuel. In addition, by using the passive storage, very hot cleanburning (and infrequent) fires can be built. The storage also allows cycling through periods of high inversion/pollution conditions. The design is also innovative in the use of thermal zones and incorporates an attached greenhouse for winter food production. Choice of construction materials (including recycled beams and local stone) and design were closely influenced by the relatively secluded nature of the site. The building shell is essentially a sculptural more » statement derived from the five year long interaction of the owner/builder and the site's other (wild) inhabitants. « less


The development of the field of GIS and remote sensing has greatly contributed to the development and discovery of many archaeological monuments. Therefore, our study discusses the documentation of the historical spatial features of Qary, Sudan using GIS and remote sensing. In addition to the absence of an integrated information application that contributes to the documentation and development of these landmarks through the support of decision makers. The objectives of the study are to collect and classify spatial and descriptive data and information for the Qary area, to design the spatial database of the spatial features of the Qari region, to implement a spatial spatial application of the archaeological spatial features of the Qari region, The study followed descriptive field applied methodology. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: About 20 archaeological sites were recorded and recorded in the Qari area, dating back to different historical periods from the Stone Age to the Islamic Period. Including settlement sites - church tombs. This diversity and richness in the sites shows that the area of Qari has remained a contemporary of all the archaeological periods in the Sudan. (Stone Age (300.00 – 3700 BC)) 8 Post-Merwa (6th century AD) AD 1504 AD (4 monuments, Islamic period (1505 – 1820 AD) 5 monuments, and 2 unidentified teachers)). The spatial database of the spatial and spatial features of the Qari region was constructed. A spatial application of the spatial features of the Qari region was completed. Numerous maps and archaeological sites were developed for the Qari region (map of all the monuments in the Stone Age, the Marwa period, the Christian period, , The study recommends designing the Web and Mobile application to support the decision maker and guide the tourist, and recommends the preparation of a prospective study to implement the three-dimensional area.


As part of the Student Internship Programs at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, including the AFRL Wright Scholar Program for High School Students and the AFRL STEP Program, sample results from preliminary investigation and analysis of integrated antenna structures are reported. Investigation of these novel integrated antenna geometries can be interpreted as a continuation of systems analysis under the general topic area of potential integrated apertures for future software radar/radio solutions [1] [2]. Specifically, the categories of novel integrated aperture geometries investigated in this paper include slotted-fractal structures on microstrip rectangular patch antenna models in tandem with the analysis of exotic substrate materials comprised of a type of synthesized electromagnetic structure known as metamaterials [8] - [10].


Panorama, spare part B. Photograph taken by Whites Aviation.
Other - 'Pan American World Airways Special' noted on negative register and envelope.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Cellulosic film negative, 1/2 plate


This article considers a multiple stream process where it is possible to monitor only a fraction of the total streams at a given time. This situation is of interest in those processes where the speed of production is great and includes a large number of streams, but the ability to monitor the process is not fully automated. An adaptive monitoring approach is applied to a 52 stream filling operation. The adaptive fractional-sampling approach is shown to give superior results to the fixed fraction scheme and provides a great deal of flexibility in monitoring systems with a large number of independent streams. *The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government.


Abstract Group–subgroup schemes are a useful tool in crystal chemistry for systemizing crystal structures and they are an indispensable help during X-ray crystallographic studies of complex, twinned and modulated structures. Meanwhile many superstructure variants are summarized within so-called Bärnighausen trees. The present database lists relevant literature with respect to the crystallographic/group-theoretical tools and original work and gives a tabulated overview on the crystallographic fingerprints (aristotype, space group symbol, Pearson code and Wyckoff sequence) of the respective superstructures.


Background: Esophagus cancer is the sixth most common cause of death all over the world. This type of cancer is divided into two histological subtypes: Esophagus squamous cell carcinoma and Adeno-carcinoma, the first type of this type of cancer approximately include 90% of esophageal cancers in Asian countries. While radio therapy, chemotherapy and surgery are useful in treating, few people are survived. Therefore, it is need to molecular study to predict and prevent this cancer. EZH2 gene is a member of poly comb group proteins, and with other proteins of this group act as epigenetic regulators and have principle role in cellular functions. Objectives: In this study our aim was to evaluate the impact of EZH2 silencing on TSLP gene. Materials and Methods: For constantly silencing of EZH2 gene in KYSE-30, we used shRNA in retroviral vector. After viral production in HEK293T cell line, the cells of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma were transduced with viral packages. Silencing of EZH2 gene and the expression of TSLP were evaluated with real- time PCR. Results: By using retroviral EZH2 shRNA, the expression of EZH2 reduced over 2.5 fold change in KYSE-30. TSLP gene expression reduced over 2 fold change after EZH2 gene silencing in KYSE-30. Conclusions: Regarding the stablishing of KYSE-30 cell line with EZH2 silenced gene, Our results showed that the decrease of EZH2 gene expression cause change of downstream genes expression that will be eective on molecular treatment of ESCC.


—Nowadays, the potential of using Machine Learn- ing (ML) techniques to solve real-world problems is exten-sively explored, and many are the application domains such as cybersecurity, aviation and healthcare, where there is in-depth research into their applicability. With the amount of data currently gathered in the hospital environment, models capable of learning and improving automatically through the use of data might solve problems that endanger the proper functioning of hospitals. The Operating Room (OR) is a high- cost environment, and its usage must be efficient. Therefore, our presented solution focuses on developing interpretable prediction ML models for an OR decision support system to improve the prediction of surgical times, comparing them with traditional methods to aid the OR scheduling process. We implemented three different ML models, XGBoost, RuleFit and a neural network, and we compared and analyzed their performance, including both accuracy and interpretability. For each of these algorithms, we implemented three different strategies. Then, since surgical durations showed a significant imbalance and this is known to hinder the performance of accuracy-based ML algorithms, we trained a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to learn the probability distribution on the minority values of our label enabling sampling to overcome the imbalance. The performance of the models on balanced and imbalanced datasets was compared using the Utility-Based Algorithm (UBA). This research work is an evidence that the proper implementation of interpretable ML technologies can significantly improve current standards of estimation, representing a cost reduction from an operation's perspective, maintaining the decision-makers' confidence in the system.


The invention discloses a concrete pumping system and a control device and method. The control method of the concrete pumping system includes the steps that first displacement X of a piston of a first main oil cylinder and second displacement Y of a piston of a second main oil cylinder are detected; whether the volume of oil in a communication chamber is in a normal range or not is judged according to the first displacement X and the second displacement Y, and a judgment result is acquired, wherein the communication chamber is formed by connecting a rod chamber of the first main oil cylinder and a rod chamber of the second main oil cylinder in series or connecting a non-rod chamber of the first main oil cylinder and a non-rod chamber of the second main oil cylinder in series; the communication chamber is controlled to conduct oil refilling and/or oil drainage according to the judgment result. Compared with the prior art, the first displacement X and the second displacement Y of the pistons in the whole stroke are detected, hydraulic oil in the communication chamber can be controlled only when the pistons are operated to oil ports in the corresponding positions, the adjustment range of the communication range is effectively increased, and therefore control accuracy is improved.


ABSTRACT

The aim of this essay is to analyze and discuss the razors? and tweezers? roles and dualism between them in the Nordic Bronze Age societies. This paper is an attempt to investigate what these little things can tell us about the people that were buried with them. For this purpose I have examined material of burial that consist of finds of razors respective tweezers and their connection with artefacts in the graves. I have done a comparative and contextual study together using quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate their roles and dualism. Burials from Denmark and Scania are used as examples and to illustrate roles and dualism in the study.

My first conclusion is that the tweezer formed a dualism with the razor. The razor shows dualism with the tweezer, but it seems also to have been a complement for several other objects to dualism. The tweezer on other hand seems to create an identity foremost through the razor. My second conclusion is that they have more than one role, which alternate over time. The razor and the tweezer followed the construction of the Bronze Age society and were influenced by the people through their ideology and social values. I discovered that no gravecontext represents one role, instead each grave constructed several roles. Therefore my conclusion is that they have more than a practical function, and through the roles a person got a unique identity and individuality. In my third conclusion I suggest that the shaft of the razor and the neck of the tweezer enabled them to be hung, perhaps on clothing, especially during late Bronze Age. Thus they could have functioned as marks of identity-documents for example a craftsman, tradesman and/or a leader. Finally, they were only found in gravecontext which indicate an identity which was unique.


Air pollution caused by exhaust particulate matter (PM) from vehicular traffic is a major health issue. Increasingly strict regulations of vehicle emission have been introduced and efforts have bee ...


Reflux alcaline gastritis is submitted to analysis on 35 operated patients. Diagnosis is based on anamnesis and improved by endoscopy and histopathology. Troncular vagotomy and Y de Roux is considered the operation of choice and 84.8% of the patients were reevaluated clinically, endoscopically and histopathologically. Results were considered excellent in 92.8%.


— The purpose of this paper is to show that the Elementary Process Theory (EPT) agrees with the knowledge of the physical world obtained from the successful predictions of Special Relativity (SR). For that matter, a recently developed method is applied: a categorical model of the EPT that incorporates SR is fully specified. Ultimate constituents of the universe of the EPT are modeled as point-particles, γ -rays, or time-like strings, all represented by integrable hyperreal functions on Minkowski space. This proves that the EPT agrees with SR.


Recently, the increasing social isolation of the elderly has caused major social problems, such as loneliness and the progression of dementia. A human-centric system could be a solution to these problems and promote coexistence with humans. Therefore, we aimed to develop a robot system using smart devices, which are essential for the Internet of things (IoT) technology, to provide services, such as information support and monitoring. As the development and application of smart devices become more sophisticated, a hyperconnected society will finally be realized through the development of smart-device-centered robots and their connection to peripheral devices. A hyperconnected society is one in which people, things, and data are connected. Personal mobility is developing and converging with robotic technology to the point where a large mobile robot can board a person. These robot technologies can be connected to wireless networks to provide organically connected services. In the era of Society 5.0, the connection among smart devices, robot systems, and mobility technology is still developing and will be a new paradigm in the development of human-centric systems in the future. Therefore, this study introduces the creation of a human-centric system using a robot system and a mobility system based on the IoT. Finally, we present several examples of the effectiveness of the proposed system and discuss its applicability.


T HE thesis of this paper is that Araucanian society has been patrilineally organized since the time of the Conquest, but that the appearance of the Omaha system is a very recent development and not fully representative of Araucanian society. It is concerned, therefore, with the development of Araucanian social organization under four sections: (1) brief review of two basic assumptions about the development of Araucanian kinship and social organization; (2) examination of historic kinship terminology and other data on social organization, in connection with these assumptions; (3) presentation of data obtained in the field in 1953, and other recent material on Araucanian kinship and social organization; and (4) an interpretation of the development of Araucanian social organization on the basis of historical material and the present pattern of distribution. For about three centuries the Araucanian Indians of Chile withstood the large-scale colonization of their native habitat, Araucania. These so-called "fighting Araucanians" came to be known by the generic term "Mapuche" which means, in their language, "people of the land." During the period of Spanish colonization the Mapuche lived between the Bio-Bio River and an ill-defined boundary north of the town of Valdivia, in a rather thickly forested area which lies between the Andes and the Pacific. North of the Bio-Bio River lived the Picunche Indians, who were closely related to the Mapuche and were part of the over-all Araucanian group. From the environs of Valdivia south to the Island of Chilo6, the more open country was inhabited by the Huilliche Araucanians or "people of the south." These cultural subgroups shared a common language, Araucanian, the regional dialects of which were mutually intelligible. Today only the Mapuche remain as a large, easily definable ethnic group in southern Middle Chile. The Picunche were rapidly acculturated during the early colonial period. The Huilliche, for the most part, have been absorbed into the mestizo population between the southern limits of Araucania and the Island of Chilo6. Perhaps the most ambitious thesis dealing with the evolution of Araucanian society was presented by Ricardo E. Latcham (1924), who drew heavily on colonial documents for supplementation to field work he conducted among the Mapuche in Cautin Province, the heart of Araucania. The premises upon Which Latcham based his fundamental arguments in favor of matrilineal organization do not bear close scrutiny. Nevertheless, he stands out with Guevara Silva as one of the most assiduous students of Araucanian culture who wrote in the early decades of the twentieth century. American anthropologists have recently shown interest in exploring histor-


Strategic plans and performance objectives define the results to be accomplished, but selecting a suitable set of performance technologies for your organizations requires more than just knowing the intended benefits. The systematic procedures described in the article will guide you through practical processes and valuable tools for identifying potential performance technologies, evaluating alternatives, and developing a system of performance-focused activities that accomplish desired results.


A central problem in motor control is to understand how the many biomechanical degrees of freedom are coordinated to achieve a goal. A common assumption is that Central Nervous System (CNS) would minimize a performance index to achieve this goal which is called objective function. In this paper, two popular objective functions are utilized to design the optimal trajectory of trunk movements. A 3D computational method incorporated with 18 anatomically oriented muscles is used to simulate human trunk system. Inverse dynamics allows us to compute torque which is generated around Lumbosacral joint. This torque is divided among muscles by static stability-based optimization. Trunk movement from the upright standing to 30 degrees of flexion is simulated based on this method. Incorporation of the stability condition with the static optimization resulted in an increase of antagonistic activities which would increase the joint stiffness around the Lumbosacral joint in response to gravity perturbation. Results would shed light on the interaction mechanisms in muscle activation patterns, seen in various performance indices.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Fires play an important role in determining the composition and structure of vegetation in semiarid ecosystems. The study of the interactions between fire and vegetation requires a stochastic approach because of the random and unpredictable nature of fire occurrences. To this end, this article develops a minimalist probabilistic framework to investigate the impact of intermittent fire occurrences on the temporal dynamics of vegetation. This framework is used to analyze the emergence of statistically stable conditions favorable to tree‐grass coexistence in savannas. It is found that these conditions can be induced and stabilized by the stochastic fire regime. A decrease in fire frequency leads to bush encroachment, while more frequent and intense fires favor savanna‐to‐grassland conversions. The positive feedback between fires and vegetation can convert states of tree‐grass coexistence in semiarid savannas into bistable conditions, with both woodland and grassland as possible, though mutually exclusive, stable states of the system.


Fastening means for a roof rail (17) on a motor vehicle body (18), comprising at least - a holder (1), wherein - the holder (1) is provided with at least one welding lug (9) for welding to the motor vehicle body (18), the holder (1) is equipped with at least one slot hole (7), - a screw element (4) which is received in the at least one slot hole (7), wherein - the screw element (4) relative to the holder (1) is fixable and the roof rail (17) with the screw (4) is connectable.


It was a pleasure to read the eminently sensible editorial by Elizabeth Hudson relating to this vitally important topic. To date, I have been surprised by the lack of written discussion relating to the borderline nuclear changes document. The recent articles relating to the Bristol screening programme, however, suggest that this may soon change. Like Dr Hudson, we should all congratulate Dr Buckley and her colleagues for their hard work and endurance. To obtain a consensus statement on such a difficult subject is remarkable. I particularly enjoyed the opportunity for self-assessment from the colour illustrations, and found aspects, such as pale dyskaryosis, tubo-endometrial hyperplasia and endocervical cell changes, informative. The subdivision into different borderline categories was also useful. It was perhaps unfortunate, however, that squamous and endocervical cell changes were not given the sharp distinction emphasized by the Bethesda classification. On the 'negative' side, perhaps due to my increasing age or perhaps due to my lack of neuronal power, I found myself unable to digest and mentally retain the long lists of variable nuclear features. Like some long sentences in The Times, having arrived at the end I could not remember what went before! The document has certainly formed the basis for heated and prolonged laboratory discussions on subtle nuclear changes. Also I await with interest the first appointment of a consultant cytopathologist with a special interest in borderline nuclear changes. The number of such smears to be assessed and reported by cytopathologists will certainly warrant it! Perplexingly, the original document supports 'reporting of borderline smears by medical staff when the report will elicit a clinical recommendation'. This could be construed as contrary to the British Society of Clinical Cytology or Royal College of Pathologists guidelines, which state that all abnormal smears should be seen or examined by a consultant cytopathologist. I wholeheartedly agree with Dr Hudson that the document appears to state contrary views with regard to the absolute definition of borderline nuclear changes. We are initially told the definition relates to cases in which there is genuine doubt as to whether the changes being reported are neoplastic. We are then told that a decision to describe a smear showing borderline changes should be a positive one, and not because the cytopathologist cannot decide. Is it, therefore, a diagnosis of 'definitive uncertainty'? Attempts to establish definitions on the basis of firm criteria are an important exercise. However, it must be seriously questioned whether the minor nuclear changes that abound in gynaecological cytology possess sufficient specificity and sensitivity to achieve this aim. The total absence of histopathological photomicrographs for correlation purposes is somewhat surprising, especially in view of Dr Buckley's able leadership to the article. Therefore, because of this the working parties' interpretations must be regarded as largely unproven. Indeed, as in most subjective areas, the loudness of the diagnostic voice may eventually transpire to be more important than the astuteness of the diagnostic eye. In the final instance, it will be difficult to disprove scientifically an individual consultant opinion


Bedroom culture is the basis of the campus culture,learning type of bedroom culture has become the mainstream,which will facilitate to realize vocational talents training goals in today's learning society environment.This paper expounds the content of learning type of bedroom culture in vocational colleges,On the basis of analysis of the problems,it explores the countermeasures on constructing the learning type of bedroom culture in vocational colleges..


The professional challenge of internal auditors in Indonesia is how to provide added value to the organization, especially in ensuring the implementation of good governance and organizational risk management. The limited research in the field of internal audit in local governments in Indonesia has become the main urgency in this study. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cooperation between internal and external auditors; management support; effectiveness of internal controls; and auditor experience on the effectiveness of internal audits. This study uses a survey method with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. 58 research respondents were auditors and financial staff who worked at the Regional Inspectorate and Financial and Asset Agency (BKAD) in Local Government. The data analysis method used in this study was multiple regression. The results of the study state that management support and auditor experience affect the effectiveness of internal auditors. Whereas, the collaboration between the auditor's internal and external auditors and the effectiveness of internal controls does not affect the effectiveness of internal auditors.


Opposite enantiomers of [Ru(phenanthroline)(3)](2+) affect the persistence length of DNA differently, a long speculated effect of helix kinking. Our molecular dynamics simulations confirm a substantial change of duplex secondary structure produced by wedge-intercalation of one but not the other enantiomer. This effect is exploited by several classes of DNA operative proteins.


This document contains the description of the development of a C++ game engine named BeEngine, as the final university project. The engine is focused on 2D game development and aims to provide all the necessary components and tools to create and deploy a video game from start to finish. The result is astandalone program that can be execute dinany Windows machine, tha thas the ability to load and manage resources (such as images, scripts, audio, etc.), and allows the user to implement the logic and test the results before generating the final game. This project goes through some of the techniques and the logic behind the modules and tools of this engine, and the process of implementation followed to accomplish the final results.


Projects in the automation domain often require that end users, who are the machine operators, have means to change control software to make adaptations and optimizations for the machining task at hand. Although they usually do not have any software development expertise, they intervene in safety-critical software systems. This results in high demands on end-user programming environments with respect to supporting, guiding, and supervising end users. In this paper we present a software framework which is intended to serve as a basis for developing end-user programming environments. The main parts of this framework are a domain-specific language for programming automation solutions at a high level of abstraction, different visual editors for supporting end users, an approach for checking program changes against formal specifications, a variability modeling approach for representing high-level user decisions, and an approach for setting up customized end-user environments from models.


Microstructural studies of ..cap alpha..-Fe (approximately 0.01 at. % C) implanted with titanium and subsequently annealed are reported. Ion beam analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to identify the precipitated phases and to obtain their microstructure. This investigation provides a basis for interpreting studies of Sb trapping at Ti-rich regions in Fe. Moreover, it has broader relevance to the behavior of strong carbide formers implanted into bcc steels. The results suggest a method to achieve surface hardening, as will be discussed.


Four natural flavonols kaemferol (1), 3-hydroxy-5,7,4'-trimethoxy flavone (2), 3,5-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3), rhamnocitrin (4) and two novel aurones 4,6,4'-trihydroxydihydroaurone (5), 4-hydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxydihydroaurone (6) were semisynthesized by reaction steps including glycoside hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, benzyl protection, O-methylation, dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) oxidation or Algar-Flynn-Oyamade (AFO) reaction and debenzylation. The synthetic methods of DMDO oxidation for flavones to flavonols and AFO reaction for chalcones to aurones were efficient improved in the key steps. The structures of all synthetic compounds have been confirmed by NMR, IR and MS techniques. The synthetic methods have the advantages of easy availability of starting materials, simple operation and good yields, so it has considerable practical value.


Abstract: Melanoma is one of the most dangerous types of skin cancer because it grows fast and causes the majority of skin cancer fatalities. Hence, early detection is a very important task to treat melanoma. In this work, we suggest a method for dermoscopic images that segments skin lesions based on the U-Net architecture with VGG-16 encoder and the semantic segmentation. Base on the segmented skin lesion, diagnostic imaging systems can evaluate skin lesion features to classify them. The suggested approach requires fewer resources for training, and it is suitable for computing systems without powerful GPUs, but the training accuracy is still high enough (above 95 %). In the experiments, we train the model on the ISIC dataset–a common dermoscopic image dataset. To assess the performance of the proposed skin lesion segmentation method, we evaluate the Sorensen-Dice and the Jaccard scores and compare to other deep learning-based skin lesion segmentation methods. Experimental results showed that skin lesion segmentation qualities of the proposed method are better than ones of the compared methods.


Foot pressure measurement under the rheumatoid arthritic foot has been performed using a newly designed gum sensor measurement device. The sensor can pick up the pressure from changing capacitance. The sensitivity of the sensor is below 20g/cm2 and the range is from 450g/cm2 to 2500g/cm2. The device is composed of 960 of these sensors and 8 frames/second of foot pressure measurement can be made. The clinical measurement was made on classical rhuematoid arthritic patients. The pressure distributions and foot deformities could be divided into 3 types. Type 1 had minimum foot deformity but the pressure under the toes was decreased (5 feet). Type 2 had a moderately deformed forefoot and there was almost no pressure under the toes (6 feet). Type 3 was a markedlly deformed foot with no forefoot pressure distribution (10 feet). In Type 2 the key words : rheumatoid arthritis, pressure under the foot, forefoot deformity, sole pressure


To compare brain responses to peroneal electrical transcutaneous neuromodulation (peroneal eTNM®) and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS), two methods for treating overactive bladder (OAB), using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The present study was not designed to compare their clinical efficacy.


The idea of the "public sphere" as an arena of political deliberation and participation, and therefore as fundamental to democratic governance, has a long and distinguished history. The imagery of the Athenian agora as the physical space wherein that democratic ideal might be attained has also had a powerful hold upon the political imagination. As a result some kind of association or even identity has been forged between the proper shaping of urban public space and the proper functioning of democratic governance in the public sphere. The status of this association is, perhaps for good reason, often left extremely vague. For some it seems to function merely as a convenient metaphor and with the arrival of the internet and the construction of "virtual communities" the physicality of spatial organization seems scarcely to matter any more. Others will ask more pointedly how it might be possible to encourage political participation in an urban world constructed out of segregated suburbs, gated communities, privatized spaces and tightly surveilled shopping malls and downtown streets monitored (thanks, these days, to some shadowy form of governance called a "business partnership") with a video-camera at every corner.


Social networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram among others; They have revolutionized society and are a key point in smart cities, these have become in a way to share experiences of people in their environments. For the present study, Twitter has been used for information gathering about problems that exist on the services provided by the Municipality of Quito, for example, electricity, drinking water, security, mobility, public transport; and through Python and SQL scripts a preprocessing of the data is performed. This includes cleaning the text fields to remove spaces at the beginning and at the end of it, debugging the dates and the source of the tweet, to finally select the right text when there repeated text. Subsequently, the use of text mining techniques such as tokenization and n-gramas is used to determine the problems and their location. Through a Shiny application you can visualize on the one hand the number of problems that services have (water, electricity, mobility, security and public transport) at the level of neighborhoods, parishes and areas, on the other hand, the problems that these services have. The application in Shiny allows through the social network to capture, identify and locate the different problems that arise in citizens according to their experiences in their environment.


Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people and will affect millions more in the coming generation. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes (T2D) include weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired insulin secretion. Nuclear receptor Nr4a3 controls gene expression of targets essential for fuel metabolism and respiration. In patients with type 2 diabetes Nr4a3 promoter is hypermethylated, and Nr4a3 expression is downregulated. Here we demonstrate the effect of systemic Nr4a3 loss. Full body Nr4a3 KO animals were fed a standard diet. Male, but not female, Nr4a3 KO mice demonstrate impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Male Nr4a3 KO mice have normal muscle, liver, and kidney respiration rates, while adipose tissue respiration is impaired. The impaired adipose respiration corresponds with increased mass of all adipose depots, increased adipocyte size, and increased lipid droplet size. Our data demonstrate the critical role of Nr4a3 in adipose tissue. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


LECTURER ON MIDWIFERY AND DISEASES SCHOOL OF' MEDICINE. THE development of and success in the treatment uterine fibromyomata during the last twenty-five years maybe considered the greatest advance of gynaecology, and takes its place, in the very van of surgery, or any the marvellous strides which have been made in medical science. Not so much is this due only to the actual success, but chiefly to the benefits that have accrued the welfare of enormous numbers of suffering women; uterinefibroids may be considered one of the commonest causes of prolonged suffering and invalidism to which they are heir. In 1884 Lawson Tait, to whom we owe so much development of gynaecological surgery, wrote1:


The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a 2010 community-based participatory research (CBPR) reporting guideline on the quality of reporting a CBPR on smoking cessation. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases and included articles published up to December 2019 (PROSPERO: CRD42019111668). We assessed reporting quality using the 13-item checklist. Of the 80 articles identified, 42 (53%) were published after 2010. The overall reporting quality before and after 2010 was poor and did not differ significantly (mean difference: 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.21 to 1.53). The total reporting scores of the studies did not differ significantly according to the effect size of the intervention (beta coefficient: −2.86, 95% CI: −5.77 to 0.04). This study demonstrates the need to improve the quality of reporting CBPRs. We recommend that journal editors endorse the CBPR reporting guideline to encourage its use by more researchers.


In the present study, we will seek to explore the relationship between Law and Justice, considering, for this purpose, the constituent elements of Marxist social theory, among them the commodity and the value. The inspiration for the approach of the present article comes from the reflections coming from the classes of the Labor and Theory of Value in Marx subject, correlated to the project of the doctoral thesis of the author, which intends to shed light on the category of social (re)insertion within the Brazilian Prison System. The intended treatment is based on the Marxist categories of value and commodity, associated with the fundamental categories for the understanding of law in the order of the capital, such as subject, subject of law, and legal form, recommended by the Soviet jurist and author of the General Theory of Law and Marxism, Pachukanis. From the points of contact between these authors, promoted in this article, we will try to weave the first notes that lead to the approach we intend to defend in the thesis, whose hypothesis is based on the premise announced by Marx and Pachukanis, that, in the same way that value is attributed to the commodity, so is how it proceeds with the subject of law, whose classification as the holder of the right denotes the value attributed to him. In the light of the above, we consider the possibility of there being a direct relationship between what is posed as a right, and, therefore, value, to what is evoked as a right to (re)insertion / (re)socialization directed, in its virtuous majority, to people deprived of liberty who sine qua non are linked to the popular classes, composed of precarious workers and dissociated from the perspective of access to the right and the exercise of citizenship in its fullness.


I would like to report on some work that Ed Turner and I have done on groups of galaxies and how groups may be used to obtain useful cosmological information. Of course the classic study of groups of galaxies was done by de Vaucouleurs (1975) who made a catalogue of groups and loose associations of galaxies in the local supercluster. Partly to obtain a larger sample of groups with uniform and well defined statistical properties and partly to obtain a sample of denser groups suitable for virial analysis, Ed Turner and I decided to make a new catalogue of groups of galaxies based on picking the groups as surface density enhancements in the Zwicky catalogue (Turner and Gott 1976) (TGI).


The contour surface of globoid cams is complicated dimensional surface without inextensibility. During isothermal extruding of blank, in order to make the material fill successfully into the mold cavity and demould successfully, by using dressing on curved surface of the globoid cams and adopting circular arc transition on each connection, the blank with high precision and shape approximate limit was obtained. Using the MSC.Marc FEM software, the concave mould cavity was optimized, and rigid and visco plastic was simulated. the feasibility of isothermal extrusion technique was validated.


Abstract: We investigated the effect of reproductive stage (reproductive versus non-reproductive) on summer roost use by adult female eastern pipistrelles. Due to differing selective pressures associated with summer reproductive and non-reproductive stages, we hypothesized that roost tree species and tree characteristics used by adult female eastern pipistrelles would differ depending on the individual's reproductive stage. Reproductive females preferred roost trees in the genus Quercus, whereas non-reproductive females did not prefer a specific species group. Reproductive females roosted at lower levels in the forest strata, closer to a permanent water source, and farther from the nearest forest/field edge. We stress the importance of recognizing the potential for changes in habitat use by adult female bats during summer months depending on whether individuals are reproductive or non-reproductive. Combining data from reproductive classes of adult females may mask important roost characteristics unique to maternity colonies of bats.


A field emission display and a driving method thereof are provided to maintain constantly discharging currents by using different PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) clocks corresponding to high and low gray scales on the basis of brightness information of real displaying screen obtained by calculation of inputted screen information in frame units or line units. A calculation unit(210,220) calculates luminance levels of image data to recognize a degree of brightness of an entire screen each unit image of image signals. A storage unit(240,250) stores the image data each unit image of the image signals. A comparator(230) produces PWM clock condition signals on the basis of the luminance levels produced from the calculation unit(210,220). A PWM clock generation unit(260) generates PWM clocks according to the PWM clock condition signals and outputs the PWM clocks to a drive unit.


The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of visual impairment (VI) on static and dynamic postural control and habitual physical activity in puberty-age children.A total of 26 children aged 10–16 years participated in the study: 13 children with VI and 13 age-matched sighted children as controls. Static and dynamic balance characteristics in eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) condition were measured during standing on a dynamographic force plate. The level of habitual physical activity was evaluated with modified Baecke questionnaire scores. Associations between measured characteristics were analyzed. Center of pressure sway in anterio-posterior and medio-lateral direction, sway radius and area in EO condition of static and dynamic tests in children with VI were greater (p < .05) in both static and dynamic exercises compared with sighted children, while postural control characteristics in EC condition did not differ between the two groups. In children with VI, characteristics of postural control were correlated to habitual physical activity in leisure time and to the age of starting sport activities in comparison with sighted children, who did not demonstrate significant associations between these characteristics. Postural control characteristics in EO condition in children with VI were greater compared with sighted children, and these data are also associated with the leisure time physical activity and the age of starting with sport activities. It is recommended to engage children with VI in sport activities earlier, especially in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and provide them with versatile possibilities to do so.


Copper-red (Dongwha, Jinsa) is Korean traditional inorganic pigment used for red-coloring on the porcelain surface during Goryeo and Joseon Periods. Trace amounts of copper-red porcelains are handed down because of the technical difficulty of making and coloring of the pigment. It is known that copper ore sources were extensively distributed in Korea according to old literatures and some of them are still producing copper ore at this present. Main types of copper-bearing mineral in Korea are chalcopyrite () and malachite (), and they are easily collected from the ground surface. This means Korea had geographical and economic geological advantages for supplying raw material of the pigment. These two minerals showed good red-coloring in color test for porcelain pigment. As a coloring element, copper showed micro size less than in diameter in glaze matrix. The dispersion of copper particle is the most decisive factor for red chromaticity of copper-red porcelain, as well as copper content of the pigment.


Gliomas are the most common primary cerebral neoplasms. The grading of gliomas is of utmost clinical importance as it determines the correct therapy. More agressive treatment planning is required for the management of high grade tumors. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the possible predictors, which might discriminate, between low and high grade gliomas using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) perfusion in the follow-up of treated low grade gliomas.


Summary Measurements have been made on the multiple coulomb scattering of electrons and protons in normal and diluted Ilford G5 emulsions. Empirical constants are given relating the mean angle of scattering to the product momentum × velocity for particles of unit charge.


A method of automatic target discrimination and classification for passive sonar applications is obtained using an unsupervised, self‐organizing, Kohonen neural network. Utilizing detected, smoothed spectral data, the kth‐order frequency differences are histogrammed into constant percentage resolution spectral bins prior to presentation to the network. This nonlinear transformation results in good neural network classification when the input data is topologically close to the training set. Simulations of the algorithm show highly robust performance to missing spectral detections, spurious spectral detections and Doppler shifts.


Operating high-intensity discharge lamps in the high frequency range (20-300 kHz) provides energy-saving and cost reduction potentials. However, commercially available lamp drivers do not make use of this operating strategy because light intensity fluctuations and even lamp destruction are possible. The reason for the fluctuating discharge arc are acoustic resonances in this frequency range that are excited in the arc tube. The acoustic resonances in turn generate a fluid flow that is caused by the acoustic streaming effect. Here, we present a 3D multiphysics model to determine the influence of acoustic streaming on the temperature field in the vicinity of an acoustic eigenfrequency. In that case a transition from stable to instable behavior occurs. The model is able to predict when light flicker can be expected. The results are in very good accordance with accompanying experiments.


Abstract : Guided Approach, Instructional Design Advisor (GAIDA) is a computer- based module of instruction on how to design instruction. The example Investigated In this study was designing a lesson on conducting a functional check of the electrical circuits of the gun In the F-16 aircraft, using a checklist. The designer module Is aimed at Air Force personnel who are well acquainted with the equipment, but Inexperienced in designing instruction. A formative evaluation study was performed in the one-on-one mode, with six students who taught gun maintenance procedures in the Armament Specialist course. These students had no difficulties in comprehending instructional design processes, or in using them to devise a storyboard for a computer-based lesson on the functional check of the gun. While potential improvements such as pictorial additions were noted, students judged the lessons to be satisfactory and potentially effective. The GAIDA approach to teaching instructional design using a narrowly focused model appears to be feasible and capable.


Effective properties of ceramic matrix plain woven textile composites were calculated using finite element
analysis. The considered geometry is a unit cell of plain weave and the analysis was performed by commercial
finite element program, ANSYS. The materials for analysis are 3 types for matrix, 1 type for fiber with
various volume fraction. The result indicates that the effective properties of ceramic matrix composites can be
controlled by the volume fraction. The result can be used for numerical analysis using ceramic matrix
composites.


Objective To construct the multiple gene deleted in A.niger,we let the amdS gene which traditionally is the auxotrophy selective marker to be mutated as the bi-directional selective marker.Methods A.nigerΔdppVΔdppIV#2-3 as the parental strain which has used the amdS gene as the selective marker can be grown on fluoridacetamide minimal medium plate(urea as the only nitrogenous matter).Because only the strains whose amdS gene is spontaneous destroyed can better grow on the fluoridacetamide minimal medium plate,we screen amdS-strains from possible mutants.Results Then confirmed one strain FΔdppVΔdppIV#4.55 to be the recipient of mnn9 disruptant linetype gene segment which also uses amdS gene as the selective marker.The transformant ΔdppVΔdppIVΔmnn9#31-7 was identified to be a dppIV、dppV、mnn9 triple disruption strain.Conclusion Using amdS gene as the bi-directional selective marker to construct the multiple genes deleted in A.niger is valid.


It has been said in postwar Japan that income was distributed equally. In 1998, Toshiaki Tachibanaki, professor of Kyoto University, published a book entitled, Economic Discrepancy in Japan, which indicated that income inequality has been widened in Japan in recent years. Since then, lively discussion emerged that whether income inequality of Japan is widened or not. Meanwhile, the industrial structure has changed due to the deindustrialization or "hollowing out" accompanying a strong yen after the Plaza Accord in 1985. Although this discussion of income inequality attracts general public in Japan, and change in industrial structure brought about both job loss and job creation, no one has discussed which change in industrial structure had influenced over the income inequality. By using Japanese Input Output Tables from 1970 to 2000, this paper will examine the influence of change in industrial structure on the inequality of compensation of employee. Here, the inequality of compensation of employee is regarded as proxy of income inequality.


The utility model relates to a bulkhead sealing structure for a LED lighting tube, comprising a bulkhead body. The utility model is characterized in that: a connecting and fixing concave groove that resembles the shape of the light tube is set around the brim inside the bulkhead body; an extruding wiring concave groove is set at the inner side of the bulkhead; a vertical downward wiring hole is set at the bottom of the concave groove. Therefore, the power line or the signal line shall pass vertically through the wiring concave groove in the bulkhead body and sealant is poured into the wiring concave groove to seal up the wiring hole, thus prevent the rain water or humid air from entering the lighting tube via the wiring hole, ensuring the moisture tight and humidity prevention effect as well as prolonging the service life of LED lamp.


Abstract A total of 98 898 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from embryos and reproductive tissues in pigs were identified in the GenBank "est_others" database. Pig embryos were collected at 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 30, and 45 days after gestation. The reproductive tissues were sampled from testis, ovary, endometrium, hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, uterus, and placenta. A gene-oriented approach was developed to annotate these porcine EST sequences to census the genes expressed from these sources. Of the 33 308 mRNA sequences from the human genes used as references (data accessed on 1 November 2002), 9410 had the porcine EST homologs expressed in embryos and 11 795 had the EST homologs expressed in reproductive tissues. The entire genome contributes at least 28.3% of its genes to embryo development and 35.4% of its genes to reproduction. Using the EST entry numbers as indicators of gene expression, we determined that the gene expression patterns differ significantly between embryos and reproductive tissues in pigs. The basic active genes were identified for each source, but most of them are not coexpressed abundantly. Few genes were expressed on the Y chromosome (P < 0.01), but they may represent counterparts of the double-dose genes that remain active in an inactivated X chromosome in females but are needed for proper development and growth. The census provides a panel of transcripts in a broad sense that can be used as targets to study the mechanisms involved in embryo development and reproduction in pigs and other mammals, including humans.


In modern industrial control systems, the liquid level is one of the important factors as the control action for level control in tanks containing different chemicals or mixtures of liquids is concern. From the various controllers available one would find it difficult to identify the most appropriate one for excellent performance. Comparative studies of the performances of the conventional PID, Fuzzy PID and Neural PID controllers on systems of tanks are conducted in this work. The simulation results show that Fuzzy PID has smaller settling time in single, four and five tank while conventional PID has smaller settling time in couple and three tank control system.


Gout is an inflammatory musculoskeletal disorder with a prevalence of 1.6–6.8% in Australia. Gout is characterised by acute attacks of severe joint pain secondary to raised serum concentrations of uric acid and joint deposits of monosodium urate crystals. Recurrent attacks can affect quality of life and lead to irreversible joint damage. The prevalence of gout is increased in older people, and age‐related renal impairment, altered drug distribution and increased prevalence of comorbidities have significant consequences for safe and effective gout pharmacotherapy. For treatment of acute attacks in older people, dose reduction of colchicine may be needed due to renal impairment, and potential drug interactions require consideration. Use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is limited by peptic ulceration, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension and renal impairment. Short courses of oral glucocorticoids may be preferable. For long‐term urate‐lowering therapy, allopurinol, probenecid and febuxostat are available in Australia. Lower starting doses of allopurinol are recommended in patients with renal impairment, but dose escalation to achieve target urate should follow. Concerns regarding increased cardiovascular risk with febuxostat are relevant to older patients. Despite the availability of effective therapy, gout remains undertreated, with maintenance of urate‐lowering therapy a major challenge. Education of patients and health professionals is essential to improve adherence to therapy.


In the environment that a lot of control equipments are connected discretely to offer those equipments additional flexibility, the network is required to be high speed, high reliability, and real-time responsibility. IEEE 13941-3 is preferable as the underlying data transport technology to meet such requirements. IEEE 1394 is an interface that can support Plug and Play between the control equipments without a host device, and guarantee real-time stream and data transmission. Using the technology as a backbone network is suitable for control network due to its characteristics. However, in the current IEEE 1394 specification, there are some issues: band shortage when a lot of devices are connected and the reliability decrease in the communication when the network topology changes. By using the new technology, the bus bridge for IEEE 1394, some of the problems can be handled. Nevertheless, some issues still remain even if the bus bridge technology is applied. In this paper, to address these issues, we have proposed the message-type service discovery method. The message-type service discovery can achieve the efficiency of forwarding communication by transmitting service information of the equipment as a set of messages. The proposed method enables to transmit service information of the equipments at high speed. Then, we actually measured the time required for the service discovery of the proposed method and discussed about the basic characteristics.


Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesion detection and subtyping remain challenging on conventional MRI. New diffusion models such as the spherical mean technique (SMT) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) provide measurements that potentially produce more specific maps of abnormal tissue microstructure. This study aims to assess the SMT and NODDI maps for computational and radiological lesion characterization compared to standard fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD).


Objectives: This paper focused on the perceived impact of electronic records management on data handling in tertiary institutions in Nigeria, using Ebonyi State University, Ebonyi State College of Education Ikwo, Federal University of Nigeria Ikwo and Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Uwana as a case study. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The stratified random sampling technique was used to select 50 Heads of Department, 120 Academic Staff, and 330 Non-Academic Staff, making a total of 500 sample respondents. Three research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data while mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the responses. 460 copies of answered questionnaire out of the 500 copies that were distributed were returned, found reliable and used for data analysis. Findings: Findings revealed that the application of electronic records management system in the tertiary institutions eased document storage and retrieval, including data security, and facilitated faster information dissemination thereby reducing delays hitherto experienced carrying out the general management functions of organizing, coordinating, analyzing and controlling of institutional activities. However, the study uncovers the need for staff skill upgrade in handling office technologies. Accordingly, the study recommended re-training of staff on electronic record management to improve their knowledge and effectiveness in processing of information, preservation of information, flow of information, as well as security of information. Application/Improvement: The findings of the study will be useful in office record management.


Boreal and temperate peatlands cover less than 3% of the earth's surface but store nearly 30% of the terrestrial carbon. Natural raised bogs are characterized by a Sphagnum-moss dominated vegetation cover. The majority of bogs has been used for peat extraction or agriculture for centuries, but in the last decades the focus on restoration to protect climate and biodiversity was increasing. This includes the re-establishment of quasi-natural hydrological conditions as well as of ecosystem-typical vegetation.

Recently, a change in species composition of restored bogs from Sphagnum-dominated bryophyte communities to multi-layered tree and graminoid vegetation was observed. Current investigations report contradictory effects for the impact on throughfall, evapotranspiration (ET), gross primary productivity, respiration, net CO2 balance (NEE) as well as soil carbon sink strength. A final conclusion with respect to altered ecosystem functioning through changing conditions for vegetation development in the light of climate change is missing.

The VESBO project aims at the mechanistic analysis of ET, NEE and soil carbon sink strength of a restored, atlantic-temperate raised bog during vascular plant encroachment. The two study areas are former peat extraction sites, with one being Sphagnum-dominated while the other one has been populated by Betula pubescens during the last years. Focus will be placed on the partitioning of total ecosystem ET and NEE fluxes by Eddy Covariance and chamber measurements in situ into bryophyte, graminoid and tree contributions. Results are used to parameterize a modern soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transport model able to simulate bryophyte and vascular plant layers on peat soil. The model, jointly with the empirical data, is used to quantify seasonal changes in plant functional group flux contributions depending on altered environmental conditions. The holistic process understanding is of high relevance for the NEE estimation of restored bog ecosystems under changing climatic conditions and vegetation compositions. The knowledge about different interactions of plant functional groups with mass and energy fluxes of the bog ecosystem will be valorised by the assessment of restoration and emission mitigation measures throughout Europe.


Key Points Question What is the association between reactogenicity and immunogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy? Findings In this cohort study of 76 individuals who received messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy, systemic symptoms after vaccination were associated with 90% higher IgG titers after the second dose, and symptoms were associated with 6.3-fold higher cord blood IgG titers than in individuals without symptoms; there were no adverse outcomes. Offspring had positive IgG titers for at least 5 to 6 months of life. Meaning These results suggest that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy provoke an IgG response for the mother-infant dyad for 6 months after birth, and that systemic symptoms after vaccination may indicate a more robust immune response, without adverse outcomes.


Introduction H-mode confinement according to ITERH-98(y) [1] is necessary for a next step device to reach its goals. Recently we have shown in ASDEX Upgrade, that this is possible also close to the Greenwald density if the triangularity is raised [2]. The main remaining problem with the Hmode is the pulsed power exhaust due to type-I ELMs, which leads to a too strong erosion of the divertor strike-point regions. As a solution, operation in the type-II ELM regime has been proposed, where the energy per ELM is significantly reduced [3,4,5]. Here we report studies on this favorable regime for the first time close to the Greenwald density.


It will be shown that any two triangulations on a closed surface, except the sphere, with minimum degree at least 4 can be transformed into each other by a finite sequence of diagonal flips through those triangulations if they have a sufficiently large and same number of vertices. The same fact holds for the sphere if they are not equivalent to a double wheelCn+K2.


1-Methylbenzotriazole (2a) is lithiated readily with butyllithium or LDA at the methyl group to 4 and the subsequent reaction with various electrophiles provides 1-substituted benzotriazoles 5. Other 1-(n-alkyl)benzotriazoles 2 also undergo lithiation with LDA, the carbanions can be trapped with alkyl halides giving benzotriazoles 6 bearing secondary alkyl groups on the N-1 atom. On standing in the absence of electrophiles, all the lithium derivatives decompose to afford complex mixtures.


In this paper, direct and inverse problems for a nonuniform LCRG line with internal transient voltage and current sources are considered. In the inverse source problem, the compact Green functions approach based on wave splitting is used to reconstruct the transient voltage and current sources from the transient signals that are received at the two endpoints of the nonuniform line. The location of the sources is assumed to be known or possible to estimate from the arrival times of the signals. The compact Green functions are convolution kernels in the map from the received signals (at the two endpoints) to the internal split voltages. The partial differential equations for the compact Green functions are given together with the initial and boundary conditions. The present approach to the inverse source problem is exact and noniterative. To obtain independent synthetic input data for the inverse problem, the direct problem is solved by a finite difference scheme. Numerical results for reconstructions using both clean and noisy data are presented.


The way to reach the prelaunch baseline accuracy is still one of crucial issues for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) temporal gravity field model determination. In this work, two hybrid processing strategies are developed to improve the accuracy of GRACE temporal solution. One is for kinematic empirical parameters, the other is for arc‐specific parameters. These two hybrid processing strategies are compared with two solely processing strategies including filter predetermined strategy (FPS) and pure predetermined strategy (PPS). Assessing with a closed‐loop simulation study, the results demonstrate the outperformance of our hybrid processing strategies. Using GRACE Level 1B data, the GRACE monthly gravity field models HUST‐FPS‐PPS and HUST‐Grace2019 are, respectively, determined with the hybrid processing strategies, and they are compared with the solely solutions HUST‐FPS and HUST‐PPS. The comparison results demonstrate that (1) as for the kinematic empirical parameter, the hybrid processing strategy can retain the temporal signal but also reduce the noise level. For instance, the annual amplitudes over Amazon River Basin are 16.0 cm for HUST‐PPS, 19.1 cm for HUST‐FPS, and 19.4 cm for HUST‐FPS‐PPS. In contrast, the cumulative geoid difference of HUST‐FPS‐PPS reduces by 11% and 26%, when compared to HUST‐PPS and HUST‐FPS. (2) As for the arc‐specific parameters, the hybrid processing strategy also significantly improves the recovered monthly solution. Compare with Center for Space Research RL05 and HUST‐FPS‐PPS, the cumulative geoid difference of HUST‐Grace2019 reduces by 19% and 12%. The comparison results in spatial domain also support our conclusions. The hybrid processing strategy of this work is likely applicable for GRACE Follow‐On data.


The experimental curve is determined which shows the relation between the flow of blood in cubic centimeters per minute and the deflection of the galvanometer in millimeters for a range of flows between zero and about 3 cc per minute. The curve is similar to that calculated by Burton for the Rein thermostromuhr and that experimentally obtained by Jongbloed and Noyons with their aerothermorheograph. The maximal deflection of the galvanometer occurs at a flow (Ringer's solution) of about 0.08 cc per minute and for smaller or greater flows the deflection decreases. Since the deflection of the galvanometer approaches zero for very small flows and becomes zero for cessation of flow, whereas it usually decreases for increase of flow, one must be careful to distinguish between a cessation of flow and an increase. Difficulty will not arise if sufficient time is allowed for the establishment of thermal equilibrium. Certain controversies have arisen because this particular limitation of Rein's thermostromuhr was di...


—Abstract. The main focus of this article is studying the stability of solutions of nonlinear stochastic heat equation and give conclusions in two cases: stability in probability and almost sure exponential stability. Also, We prove that the Fourier coefficient solution is mean consistent. The main tool is the study of related Lyapunov-type functionals. The analysis is carried out by a natural N − dimensional truncation in isometric Hilbert spaces and uniform estimation of moments with respect to N .


CONNECT is AZA's monthly magazine for members. You'll find feature articles and member news - including exhibit openings and important conservation achievements. In this issue: (1) September in Phoenix; (2) Conservation in the Grand Canyon State; (3) It's a Dry Heat!; (4) North America's Largest Wildlife Crisis; (5) Saving Papua New Guinea's Wildlife One Cup at a Time.


Family learning has been an important mode of education deployed by governments in the United Kingdom over the past 20 years, and is positioned at the nexus of various social policy areas whose focus stretch beyond education. Drawing on qualitative research exploring mothers' participation in seven different family learning programmes across West London, this paper looks at how this type of education is mobilised; that is, how mothers are 'encouraged' to participate and benefit from this type of programme. Framed by a neo-liberal policy climate and Foucauldian writings on governmentality and surveillance, we explore how participating mothers are carefully 'targeted' for this type of learning through their children and through school/ nursery spaces, and how programmes themselves then operate as a supportive social space aimed at facilitating social networks, friendship and personal development linked to positions of gender, ethnicity, class and migrant status. It is the socio-spatial workings of 'supportive' power and power relations that enable family learning to be mobilised that ensures its popularity as a social policy initiative.


The mobile networks have increasingly facilitated our daily life but are also breeding grounds for malicious worms, which are considered as the main threat to cyber security. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of worm propagation and to control the worm epidemic based on mobile-phone networks. Accordingly, we establish an SEIQR-type model to explore the worm epidemic with saturated incidence rate. This paper shows that if the basic reproduction number is less than 1, the worm-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable, and the epidemic of worm will eventually disappear and remain under control; in addition, if the basic reproduction number is greater than 1, the asymptotical stability of worm-existence equilibrium is derived to imply that the epidemic will remain persistent and uncontrollable. Our results give new insights to mobile network security, namely, that is predicting the worm spreading tendency, identifying the epidemic control strategies, and estimating the worm popularity level. Numerical experiments are conducted to show the rationality of our obtained results and the effectiveness of the control strategies.


a dangerous mind carl schmitt in post war european thought is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the a dangerous mind carl schmitt in post war european thought is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The Affordable Care Act's Sunshine Rule has gone into effect, requiring pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers to report any payments or transfers of value to physicians and practices. Physicians will need to take steps to familiarize themselves with the rule, prepare for the release of these reports to patients, and make sure inaccuracies don't go uncorrected and put them in a bad light.


In the paper,a 3-PUU parallel mechanism with triangle platform is studied.Applying the method of numerical calculation and DOF analysis,the authors prove that the moving platform can only do 3-DOF translation at the initial position and other positions.The coordinate system is set up on the mechanism.Based on the method of coordinate transformation,the inverse solution of kinematics is obtained.At the same time,the kinematics simulation of the mechanism is carried out by MATLAB.


Phenology can be linked to individual fitness, particularly in strongly seasonal environments where the timing of events has important consequences for growth, condition, and survival. We studied the phenology of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) hatching and emergence in streams with contrasting thermal variability but in close geographic proximity. Following emergence, we tracked body sizes of cohorts of young-of-year fish until the end of the growing season. Hatch and emergence occurred at the same time among streams with marked variability in thermal regimes. We demonstrate that this can be explained in part by the thermal units accumulated during embryo development. At the end of the first growing season, there were some differences in body size, but overall fish size was similar among streams despite strong differences in thermal regimes. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the interactions between environmental variability and the early life-history stages of coho salmon, furthering our understanding of the consequences of phenology on growth and survival for individuals within the critical first summer of life.


to see liberals at the local level as more than simply egoistic (p. 112). Lassig's argument that in the south, the emergence of socialist state representatives after 1990 appeared less threatening because the lower level or slower pace of industrialization meant that the ruling elites in these states did not have to fear that the Socialists would secure a majority in the near future (p. 140), also suggests a broader explanation. But these attempts remain undertheorized, and the mode too often remains descriptive rather then analytical. Despite the call for an expansion of the field of electoral history, there remains a lack of analysis outside of the electoral realm itself. Statistical study of social structures and economic development does not always work, as Kiihne (p. 46) notes in the case of the Nazis' lack of success in Wiirttemberg, despite favorable socioeconomic conditions, compared to their greater than average success in neighboring Baden, despite unfavorable conditions. Nevertheless, without a systematic basis of comparison, local studies will remain regrettably merely local.