Recently the research of vaccines and drugs against anthrax is one of hot spots. The efficacy of anthrax vaccines and drugs can't be experimented in human, therefore the testing model is very important. The cell models mainly include CHO and J774A.1. Now, various kinds of animals including mice, rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates were experimented as animal models. Because the models are different, the results of experiments are significantly different, sometimes they are contrary. Many experiments of Bacillus anthracis in different cell and animal models are reviewed, and the principles of choosing animal models of anthrax are discussed. In order to analyze the different results of experiments in different models, the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis and the researching progress of anthrax vaccines and drugs are also simply introduced .


Lead titanate ceramics were successfully made into semiconductors exhibiting anomalous positive temperature coefficients of resistivity (PTCR) about 3 orders of magnitude above the Curie point (480{degrees} to 490{degrees}C). The PTCR characteristics of the materials prepared were found to be unstable and to show a significant degradation in both room-temperature resistivity and magnitude of the PTCR effect with time. The instability of the PTCR characteristics observed in the present materials is considered to be related to the morphologies of their grain structures.


Mice were immunized against fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labelled human gamma globulin (HGG) in the absence or presence of different adjuvants. The immune response was assayed every other day with regard to both total Ig‐secreting cells and FITC‐specific plaque‐forming cells (PFC). The adjuvants influenced the type of immune response induced to the same antigenic determinant. Thus, addition of Freund's complete (FCA) or incomplete (FIA) adjuvant preferentially led to the secretion of IgG1 PFC of an average high affinity. Most newly appearing IgG‐secreting cells were also detected as FITC‐specific PFC. The use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant resulted in the induction of both IgM and IgG, particularly of the IgG3 and IgG2b subclasses. However, these antibodies had relatively low affinity, and a large number of total IgG‐secreting cells induced by LPS had no detectable FITC specificity. The FCA/FIA‐ and LPS‐induced responses to FITC‐HGG were additive when injected together, indicating that they act on distinct subpopulations of B lymphoid cells. The adjuvant response to LPS, but not the response to FCA/FIA, was totally absent in mice of the C3H/Hej strain, which are non‐responders to the polyclonal activating properties of LPS. Finally, the response induced by FCA or FIA was T‐cell‐dependent and the LPS response T‐cell‐independent as assayed in nude mice.


The key issue of current differential protection is the correct reorganization inrush current and the internal fault current. The algorithm based on equivalent instantaneous inductance can correctly discriminate inrush current from the internal fault current since it makes full use of the measured voltage information. For the Y-Delta connected three-phase transformer, the phase current of the delta side can be decomposed into the two components, i.e. the non-circulating component and the circulating component. The non-circulating component is derived from the line current of the delta side of the transformer but the circulating current can not be obtained by this way. The equivalent instantaneous inductance is largely affected by the circulating current of delta side, the accuracy of equivalent instantaneous inductance can be guaranteed only when the impact of circulating current is taken into account. At present, there is no accurate estimation algorithm for obtaining the circulating current, therefore, the computation accuracy of equivalent instantaneous inductance is affected. A new algorithm for accurately calculate the circulating current of the transformer delta side is proposed in this paper, based on which the phase current and the difference current equivalent instantaneous inductance can be derived in sequence. By using this algorithm, not only the equivalent instantaneous inductance can be calculated accurately to avoid the impact of the circulating current, but also the "dead zone" eliminated in the differential protection. At the same time, the differential protection can operate sensitively and reliably. The calculation of equivalent instantaneous inductance when the transformer is under the conditions of the inrush current and internal fault is simulated by using the electromagnetic transient simulation program (EMTP). The correctness of the identification results are also verified on a hardware platform based on a digital signal processor (DSP). The results show that when inrush occurs, the equivalent instantaneous inductance undergo an obvious alternative process from large to small and then from small to large. This signifies that the iron core of the transformer operates alternatively at the linear and the saturation area of the excitation curve. However, when the internal fault occurs, equivalent instantaneous inductance is very small. This method can effectively identify the inrush current and internal fault current. The phase current of delta winding is not required to be measured therefore it is not necessary to change the configuration of CTs. Furthermore, the technique has a high value for practical application and can be applied to transformers at voltages of UHV/EHV level and under 220 kV.


With abounding evidence of non-linearity in financial markets of developed countries, this study attempts to narrow the gap in the literature of ASEAN countries, with a focus on the foreign exchange and stock markets. The outcomes of our econometric investigation using the Hinich bispectrum test provide strong support for the presence of non- linearity in all the ASEAN-5 exchange rates and stock returns series. Further application of the Lukkonen-Saikkonen-Terasvirta (LST) test reinforces our conclusion that the financial time series data of ASEAN-5 exhibit non-linear dependencies. These findings, while highlighting the fact that researchers cannot take the linear assumption as granted, also point to the need to test for non-linearity as a preliminary diagnostic tool to determine the nature of the data generating process before any further empirical analysis. This study has strong implication on the empirical work of ASEAN-5 financial markets. Specifically, the results suggest the use of empirical methods that is more robust if the data generating process is non-linear.


This invention relates to an universal electronic stamping system based on PKI. Wherein, it uses digital certificate to issue electric stamp certificate for user held opposite private key, which can be stored and transferred in network safely with even little data damage can be detected by system. By introducing the trustful third party, any two entities without confidence with each other can take electric trade and exchange e-document safely and rapidly. This invention has high security with simple structure to integrate with other system easily, and has great value for development of EC and EGA.


An intelligent communication device is being developed to assist the nonverbal, motor disabled in the generation of written and spoken messages. The device is based on a knowledge base of the grammatical rules and message elements. A 'belief' reasoning scheme makes use of highly uncertain speech-recognition information in combination with the embedded knowledge to optimize the process of message search. The authors focus on the integration of that speech information. Experimental testing of a prototype system to assess the effects of speech evidence is discussed.<<ETX>>


In this thesis, it was analyzed what kinds of effects the 'neutrality' and 'professionalism' create during the process of the national curriculum development focusing on the general curriculum and the discussions on the integration of social studies. 'Neutrality' and 'professionalism' have considered as the fundamental issues of the selection and elimination deciding who should develop the general curriculum. The ways of the current discussions of the integration of social studies make it impossible to deal with the serious theoretical discussion, reducing the aspect of the conflict of 'professionalism' to the ones of 'neutrality'. As a result, the achievements of the subject matter researchers are not reflected and their roles are only focused on the subject matter curriculum. In other words, the 'neutrality' and 'professionalism' strengthen only exclusivity of each territory, the curriculum theory and the subject matter theory. The problem of this matter is that history curriculum is distorted.


During a field visit to the cod hatchery of Profunda in September 2006, Dr. Koumoundouros from the University of Patras (Greece), who works mainly with seabass and seabream, noticed the high speed of current in the production tanks. Based on previous experiences with seabream, he suggested that high swimming speed might be one of the major causes for skeletal deformities seen, primarily haemal lordosis, in Atlantic cod (see figure).


In this paper, according to economics of real estate and macro-control theory, combine with the characteristics of the real estate market, macro-control of the real estate market is studied. After giving the dynamic model of three-dimensional nonlinear differential equations based on the total number of houses on the real estate business, the government's averages housing investment funds and the standard price, systematically established the stability conditions of equilibrium point for this model. What's more, through the use of extreme value analysis model, government funds have been invested in real estate business building devotion principles and the construction base of the real estate businessmen has also been estimated successfully. This provides the corresponding theoretical basis for government macro control policy-making.


In this work, an amperometric biosensor for determination of choline concentration in biological liquids was optimized. The enzyme choline oxidase was used as a bioselective material and was immobilized by crosslinking with bovine serum albumin via glutaraldehyde on the surface of amperometric platinum disc electrode. Influence of working buffer parameters (buffer capacity, ionic strength and pH) and functional characteristics of the biosensor were investigated. Dependence of activity of the immobilized enzyme on solution pH was showed. Furthermore, biosensor storage stability during long period at different conditions was investigated. The storage at −18 °C showed better results. It was showed, that application of semipermeable membrane – poly-m-phenylenediamine, remarkably decreased of the biosensor response to the interfering substances. The main analytical characteristics of developed biosensor such as sensitivity, linear range, detection limit, noise, drift and reproducibility of responses were investigated. The results show that developed biosensor can be used for choline determination in real biological liquids.


With the significant growth in modern computing systems, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) has become a power/performance/energy bottleneck in data-intensive applications. Both the power management mechanism and downscaling method face decreasing performance or difficulties in the smaller footprint of the DRAM capacitor. Since optimizing the circuit of sense amplifier (SA) is an efficient method to reduce energy consumption, we propose two single bitline load sense amplifier (SBLSA) circuits, i.e., a redundant voltage discharged SBLSA (RVD-SBLSA) circuit and a bit aware SBLSA (BA-SBLSA) circuit, to improve conventional and single bitline write (SBW) circuits. The RVD-SBLSA circuit utilizes a clamp diode to discharge redundant voltage over VDD/2 with an additional working stage. The BA-SBLSA circuit abandons the single bitline load (SBL) circuit during read and write '1' operations. The RVD-SBLSA circuit can offer the lowest total energy consumption, and the BA-SBLSA circuit can make a better balance between energy consumption and latency. Through the simulation results, the proposed circuits can efficiently reduce energy consumption or balance energy consumption and latency and show huge potentials in very large-scale integrated circuits.


The UK has not yet left the European Union and the long-term economic effects of Brexit remain unknown. However, one of the trends which has attracted attention so far is a drop in real wages for UK workers, which many economists have put down to the immediate depreciation of the pound after the referendum and a subsequent rise in the ...


This study aims to determine the competency needs of students in curriculum design to face the challenges of 21st-century education. This study uses a qualitative approach. The subjects of this research are postgraduate students at one of the private universities in Batu City who are currently pursuing masters and doctoral education. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis in this study consisted of several flow activities carried out together, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of the study conclude that student competencies that must be designed in the higher education curriculum to face the challenges of 21st-century education must pay attention to three aspects, including; creating new value, reconciling tensions and dilemmas, and responsibilities. So, the curriculum framework that must be made includes cognitive skills, social and emotional skills, and practical skills. The results of this study also have implications for the understanding of higher education related to the development of human life and science, because the curriculum created can meet student competencies in the future


Proposed definition of cerebral palsy(CP) is a group of disorders of the development of movement and posture,that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal and infant brain. Types of cerebral palsy are divided into spastic(diplegia,hemiplegia,quatriplegia),dyskinetic(athetotic,dystonic),ataxic (simple ataxia,ataxic diplegia),and mixed CP(primarily spasticity with athetosis).


The time‐dependent correlations in simple liquids can be investigated through computer simulation. It is shown how the results concerning the self motion can be interpreted in the framework of the generalized hydrodynamics.


Abbate, Janet. Recoding Gender: Women's Changing Participation in Computing . Cambridge: MIT UP, 2012. Bergman, Jill. Motherless Child in the Novels of Pauline Hopkins. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 2012. Fernandes, Leela. Transnational Feminism in the United States: Knowledge, Ethics, and Power . New York: New York UP, 2013. Gillette, Michael L. Lady Bird Johnson: An Oral History. New York: Oxford, 2012. Goeman, Michuana. Mark My Words: Native American Women Mapping Our Nation. Mineapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2013. Haru Crowston, Clare. Credit, Fashion, Sex: Economies of Regard in Old Regime France. Durham: Duke UP, 2013. Hesford, Victoria. Feeling Women's Liberation. Durham: Duke UP, 2013. Jasper, Alison E. Because of Beauvoir: Christianity and the Cultivation of Female Genius. Waco: Baylor UP, 2012. Kaplan, Alice. Dreaming in French: The Paris Years of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, Susan Sontag, and Angela Davis. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2012. Klapper, Melissa R. Ballots, Babies, and Banners of Peace: American Jewish Women's Activism, 1890–1940. New York: New York UP, 2013. Morris-Crowther, Jayne. The Political Activities of Detroit Clubwomen in the 1920s: A Challenge and a Promise. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 2013. Nadell, Pamela S., and Kate Haulman, Eds. Making Women's Histories: Beyond National Perspectives. New York: New York UP, 2013. Pal, Carol. Republic of Women: Rethinking the Republic of Letter in the Seventeenth Century. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012. Pojmann, Wendy. Italian Women and International Cold War Politics, 1944–1968. Bronx: Fordham UP, 2013. Rich, B. Ruby. The New Queer Cinema: The Director 's Cut. Durham: Duke UP, 2013.


The aim of this paper is to analyze the intraurban spatial distributions of population and employment in the agglomeration of Dijon (regional capital of Burgundy, France). We study whether this agglomeration has followed the general tendency of job decentralization observed in most urban areas or whether it is still characterized by a monocentric pattern. To that purpose, we use a sample of 136 observations at the communal and at the IRIS (infraurban statistical area) levels with 1999 census data and the employment database SIRENE (INSEE). First, we study the spatial pattern of total employment and employment density using exploratory spatial data analysis. Apart from the CBD, few IRIS are found to be statistically significant, a result contrasting with those found using standard methods of subcenter identiÞcation with employment cut-offs. Next, in order to examine the spatial distribution of residential population density, we estimate and compare different specifications: exponential negative, spline-exponential, and multicentric density functions. Moreover, spatial autocorrelation, spatial heterogeneity, and outliers are controlled for by using the appropriate maximum likelihood, generalized method of moments, and Bayesian spatial econometric techniques. Our results highlight again the monocentric character of the agglomeration of Dijon.


The complexation of lanthanide cations with a tripodal ligand bearing terminal ester functions was investigated. Thermodynamic speciation was achieved by a combination of different physicochemical methods, and the stability constants of the related complexes were determined spectrophotometrically. The formation of tetranuclear 3D edifices occurs preferentially with heavier lanthanides. Their molecular structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Solid-state luminescence properties of the EuIII and TbIII compounds were also examined.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate the influence of Big Five Personality traits (i.e. openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism) on young consumers' intentions to share branded viral video advertisements. Further, this study also demonstrates that the advertising appeal (informational versus emotional) used in the viral advertisement moderates the effects of specific personality traits on the sharing of viral ads.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual framework is proposed based on the Five-Factor Model of Personality (McCrae and John, 1992) and advertising effectiveness literature. Using experiments, responses from young consumers were collected and hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression and ANOVA.

Findings
Results reveal that the two personality traits, extraversion and openness to experiences, are positively associated with consumers' viral ad sharing intentions, whereas conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism are not. Moreover, individuals scoring high on openness and extraversion prefer sharing branded viral ads containing informational appeal vis-ã-vis those containing emotional appeals.

Originality/value
Studies decoding the factors behind the success of viral advertisements have more often focussed on the ad content rather than on personality dimensions of the ad sharers. This study bridges this gap by investigating the influence of Big Five Personality traits on young consumers' intention to forward viral ads, in interaction with ad appeal. Young consumers represent key audience segments consuming and sharing viral content online, and hence, it is important to have a deeper understanding of this market segment.


through which social arrangements influence personality and behavior. The psychological effects of community structure are traced through institutional patterns, ecological contexts, and face-to-face interaction. The range and diversity of potentially relevant influences place a heavy burden on the interpretive task; on the construction, measurement, and empirical assessment of linkages. The theme of this issue concerns approaches to linkage analysis, from studies of interpersonal environments to assessments of the psychological effects of institutional arrangements in society. To introduce this topic, I shall review general issues in the formulation of theoretical linkages, using hypothetical examples and the research literature, and shall examine some


Conditions that could lead to a planetary apocalypse are developing in many categories that are seen by experts from many disciplines as requiring urgent improvement. Population growth is outpacing planetary resources, affecting global health and stability. Governance of many countries has failed, resulting in civil unrest, the desperate migrations of many populations, and brush-fire wars. Environmental damage caused by the appetites not only of the U.S. and developed nations but by emerging giants such as China and India will have a global impact on air, water, basic sanitation, food security, and desertification. The current world population of 6.75 billion is predicted to grow to between 9 and 10 billion by the year 2050. As population density grows, the failure of governments to bring decent living conditions to the massively increased populations of many areas contributes to anger and unrest. The possibility also grows daily of a human apocalypse initiated by nuclear bombs in the hands of dangerously aberrant forces. Key Words: Population; Environment; Civil Strife; Starvation; Massive Worldwide Immigration; Energy Shortages; Wars; Nuclear Terrorism; Failed States. Is it possible that our planet is heading for a worldwide apocalypse that will ravage humankind? Some of the best minds on the subject of nuclear holocaust have recently met to outline their plans for curtailing that realistic possibility. Meeting in October 2007 at the Hoover Institution at Stanford, former U.S. Secretaries of State George Schultz and Henry Kissinger, along with former Defense Secretary William Perry and former Senator Sam Nunn, advanced their vision for a nuclear-free world and suggested steps to achieve that goal. Countless others join in concern over the pending abyss of nuclear wars, something that has been feared since the dawn of the Nuclear Age in 1945.1 In 1931, when Aldous Huxley wrote his classic book, Brave New World (1932), he felt (as he later wrote in his 1958 essay "Brave New World Revisited") that population was not a key issue-a view he radically changed in that 1958 essay. In 1800, world population was still slightly under 1 billion, and in the 1930s it seemed that the planet still offered some "stretch" room: the total population in 1931 was still only slightly over 2 billion. But by 2008 it had increased to 6.75 billion, and the U.S. population had risen from 122 million to over 300 million, en route (thanks to massive immigration) to an estimated 500 million by 2050, and 1 billion by 2100. According to the UN Population Division, by 2050 world population is projected to reach 9.5 billion. During the euphoria of post-WWII prosperity and the Cold War buildup of U.S. defenses against the Soviet Union, America briefly addressed the population issue in the late 1960s and early 1970s. During the Nixon years, a commission was empaneled under the chairmanship of John Rockefeller III to study the impact of population growth and make recommendations about what our nation should do. In Nixon's July 18, 1969 transmittal letter for "The Report of The Commission on Population Growth and the American Future," the President said that, "One of the most serious challenges to human destiny in the last third of this century will be the growth of the population. Whether man's response to that challenge will be a cause for pride or for despair in the year 2000 will depend very much on what we do today. If we now begin our work in an appropriate manner, and if we continue to devote a considerable amount of attention and energy to this problem, then mankind will be able to surmount this challenge as it has surmounted so many during the long march of civilization."2 However, the Rockefeller report recommended liberal access to abortion, which alienated Catholic and other religious support. From then onward, particularly after the Supreme Court's 1973 decision (in Roe vs. Wade), the Federal Government in the United States became so politically conflicted that the U. …


An alternative method to connect offshore windfarms to the grid is presented. Instead of direct buried armored cables a cable-in-pipe technique is used. Low cost land cables can be used, protected by (free space in) the HDPE pipes. Installation of the cables is done by a technique using water under pressure. Cables cannot only be installed from one pipe entry, without equipment and labor at the other pipe end, also they can be transported to any desired location, loose from the machine, like "tube post". A completed offshore project is presented, as well as some land projects with the method.


The spatial vectorcardiograms (sVCG) and electrocardiograms were studied with respect to the gross and microscopic data in 59 instances of myocardial infarction. Besides the early abnormalities in the QRS sÊ-loop frequently associated with the electrocardiographic Q of infarction, there were recognizable alterations in the sVCG associated with the anatomic location of the infarction: lateral wall infarcts shortened vectors in mid-QRS sÊ-loop, and posterior lateral basal infarction altered the terminal portion distinctively. The myocardial lesions included fresh infarcts, solid scars, scattered fibrosis, and scar with interwoven intact muscle fibers. Where many normal-appearing fibers were present in the lesion, the previously recorded ECG or sVCG frequently failed to show the diagnostic signs of infarction. However, by presenting the depolarization complex in greater detail, the sVCG supplemented the ECG, improving the accuracy of diagnosis of infarction, especially among the smaller, less solid lesions.


is called the radial projection of X onto the unit ball in X. In this paper we investigate first the relationship between the least Lipschitz constant k(X) of T and the concept of orthogonality of R. C. James [4]. (Recall that a vector x E X is said to be orthogonal to y E X (denoted xly) if 1lxii :j1x-Ay11 for every real A.) D. deFigueiredo and L. Karlovitz initiated such a study in [I] by proving that the orthogonality relation is symmetric if and only if k(X)= 1. We prove that, in fact,


Discusses garlic as a crop in terms of its different varieties, the steps for preparing land, cultivating, harvesting, cleaning, and shipping garlic for the market.


The relationships between food, egg-laying, age, and flight were studied with the aim of providing a better understanding of the causal factors of displacement flights in N. vinitor. The distinction in N. vinitor between "fliers" and "non-fliers" is, most probably, a reflection of the environment. Thus, an increased proportion of individuals taking off and of distinctively prolonged flights were a response to inadequate food either during the nymphal or adult stage. Shortage of water during the adult stage resulted also in increased flight activity. The quality of the food consumed by the nymphs rather than its quantity affected the behavioural flight response of emerging adults. Immature females, whether virgin or not, had different flight responses from egg-laying females and are probably the true migrants of the species. Displacement flights in N. vinitor are always triggered by adverse conditions in the nymphal or adult stage, but the type of flight changes as females become older; flights are migratory in the immature females and dispersive in the mature ones.


The recent importance of sports competitions and cultural displays among highland ethnic minorities in Thailand suggests a growing resonance of national forms of sociability and presentability. A national contact zone simultaneously provides a context for unprecedented ethnic mobilization and identification among the country's minorities. Taking the case of Thailand's Mien (Yao), I explore the restructuring of social life that emerges with this ethnic mobilization for sports and culture. These activities produce an identity effect that defines Mien in national terms. The ability and need to organize in relation to the nation facilitates the position of a select few Mien villages as the bearers of social life and cultural traditions, and imports new forms of inequality into local life.


Natural Language Processing (NLP) research has evolved into a strong research thrust at Battelle's Columbus Laboratories. Backed by a Battelle-wide corporate commitment to Artificial Intelligence (Al) technology and supported by a substantial volume of contract research, Battelle's NLP research is actively seeking solutions to man-machine interface problems through the use of innovative methodologies and technologies.


The fixed-database Lempel-Ziv algorithm (FDLZ) closely resembles practical versions of the LZ algorithm that are widely in use. Bender and Wolf (1991) suggested a variant of LZ which empirically appears to perform well. We suggest a finite memory version of their scheme, and show that it has redundancy /spl rho//sub n/=O(1/log n) where n is the memory size. We are concerned with a data source which is a stationary, finite-memory random sequence that takes values in an alphabet of finite size A. The data source can be losslessly encoded using (H+/spl rho//sub n/) bits per source symbol, where n is a measure of the complexity of the code, and /spl rho//sub n//spl rarr/0, as n/spl rarr//spl infin/. The LZ algorithm is a universal procedure (which does not depend on the source statistics) for encoding the source at a rate close to the entropy.<<ETX>>


Abstract Because of the versatility of chiral 1,5-dicarbonyl structural motifs, the development of stereoselective Michael additions of arylacetic acid derivatives to electron-deficient alkenes is an important challenge. Over recent decades, an array of enantio- and diastereoselective methods of this type have been developed through the use of chiral organocatalysts. In this article, three distinct strategies in this research area are highlighted. Catalytic generation of either a chiral iminium electrophile (iminium catalysis) or a chiral enolate nucleophile (Lewis base catalysis) has allowed the efficient construction of stereogenic C–C bonds. We also introduce a synergistic catalytic approach involving the merger of these two catalytic cycles that provides selective access to all four stereoisomers of products with vicinal stereocenters. 1 Introduction 2 Iminium Catalysis 3 Lewis Base Catalysis 4 Synergistic Organocatalysis 5 Summary


Are we as pharmacists bridge builders, in the first instance, or do we try and contain the flood waters by building dams?


The work presented here is the summary of a 3 year study that aimed to uncover how students' perception of science changes with the chance to participate in a mini-conference that is incorporated into the biochemistry lecture course. Students were asked to work in groups of 2 or 3 and research a topic that is related to the material covered in class. Their research was presented during the last lecture of the course, and the presentation was conducted similar to a conference poster session. The students' grades on this assignment were entirely based on peer evaluation and not on evaluation by the instructor. A survey was conducted before and after this assignment to gauge how the experience changed students' perception of science. The study was conducted with both STEM majors and non-STEM majors to allow comparison of how these two groups of students were affected by the experience.


In a cell-free wireless network, distributed access points (APs) jointly serve all user equipments (UEs) within their coverage area by using the same time/frequency resources. In this paper, we develop a novel downlink cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) network architecture that enables all APs and UEs to dynamically self-partition into a set of independent cell-free subnetworks in a time-slot basis. For this, we propose several network partitioning algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Furthermore, to mitigate interference between different cell-free subnetworks, we develop a novel hybrid analog beamsteering-digital beamforming model that zero-forces interference among cell-free subnetworks and at the same time maximizes the instantaneous sum-rate of all UEs within each subnetwork. Specifically, the hybrid beamforming model is implemented by using a novel mixed DRL-convex optimization method in which analog beamsteering between APs and UEs is conducted based on DRL while digital beamforming is modeled and solved as a convex optimization problem. The DRL models for network clustering and hybrid beamsteering are combined into a single hierarchical DRL design that enables exchange of DRL agents' experiences during both network training and operation. We also benchmark the performance of DRL models for clustering and beamsteering in terms of network performance, convergence rate, and computational complexity. Results show a significant rate enhancement due to the proposed hybrid beamforming scheme compared to its conventional all-digital counterpart. This performance enhancement becomes more significant as the number of network partitions increases. For DRL-based network clustering, the policy gradient (PG) algorithm offers the best possible performance in terms of stability and convergence rate while the state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) algorithm suffers from significant variance, slower convergence, and slightly inferior performance than other algorithms. For DRL-based beamsteering, the soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm with continuous action space shows the best performance. Also, online training of the agents with varying channel state information (CSI) is observed to increase the variance of the Q-values and decrease the convergence rate, with no significant effect on the average reward. The simulation codes are available at: https://github.com/yasser-aleryani/mmWaveCellFree.git


HERE is something, which will probably interest you," said a New York bookseller who knew my interest in Michigiana, handing me one day in 1934 a couple of disreputable-looking pamphlets containing verse by Julia A. Moore, a name I did not remember ever having heard. One had a piece of brown paper glued tight to the original wrapper, with title-page reading, The Sentimental Song Book by Julia A. Moore. The other bore both on wrapper and title-page the legend, The Sweet Singer of Michigan. They stimulated in me a desire to find out more about the somewhat mythical character I had heard of as a boy in Michigan, whose appellation had vaguely suggested something funny. The removal of the brown paper from the wrapper by an expert disclosed the original wrapper intact and well preserved. The front cover read, The Sweet Singer of Michigan Salutes the Public. It also bore an engraving of her which was a shock to my conception of what a lady poet should look like. Her astonishing coiffure indicated an abundance of hair, not very well under control. Bill Nye, then a young journalist in Wyoming, * Read at the meeting of the Society 26 January 1945.


We present experimental and theoretical results on air-silica Bragg fibers. The TE/sub 01/ mode is observed for the first time to our knowledge in Bragg fibers. We could transmit light by bandgap guiding over 50 m.


In this article the Augmented Reality application for teaching engineering students of electrical and technological specialties is introduced. In order to increase the motivation for learning and the independence of students, new practical guidelines on Augmented Reality were developed in the application to practical classes. During the application development, the authors used software such as Unity 3D and Vuforia. The Augmented Reality content consists of 3D-models, images and animations, which are superimposed on real objects, helping students to study specific tasks. A user who has a smartphone, a tablet PC, or Augmented Reality glasses can visualize on-screen virtual objects added to a real environment. Having analyzed the current situation in higher education: the learner's interest in studying, their satisfaction with the educational process, and the impact of the Augmented Reality application on students, a questionnaire was developed and offered to students; the study involved 24 learners.


Roles remain such a nebulous concept notwithstanding its ubiquity in a wide variety of domains, including conceptual modeling, that no clear consensus exists over the nature of roles in the foundational ontology research. In this paper I argue that there are three closely intertwined, but conceptually separate role-related notions: a role specification, a role position, and a role performance. I further contend that different accounts of roles might depend on which of the three concepts takes priority over the other two. Additionally I propose that there be three possible interpretations of the ontological nature of roles, each of which requires careful cost-benefit analysis: a family resemblance concept, a functionally definable concept, and a practically unifiable concept.


Significance The treatment of nucleotide (ATP and ADP) binding and release in our previous papers is now extended to include a much wider range of rotor angles. It now treats composite events associated with ATP hydrolysis and ADP release and, in the reverse direction, ATP synthesis and release. A method of treating composite events is formulated and used to extract reaction rate constants in the system and to predict the lifetime distribution of long binding events that can be compared with and used to analyze future experimental data. The theory of elastic group transfer for the binding and release rate constants for nucleotides in F1-ATPase as a function of the rotor angle is further extended in several respects. (i) A method is described for predicting the experimentally observed lifetime distribution of long binding events in the controlled rotation experiments by taking into account the hydrolysis and synthesis reactions occurring during these events. (ii) A method is also given for treating the long binding events in the experiments and obtaining the rate constants for the hydrolysis and synthesis reactions occurring during these events. (iii) The theory in the previous paper is given in a symmetric form, an extension that simplifies the application of the theory to experiments. It also includes a theory-based correction of the reported "on" and "off" rates by calculating the missed events. A near symmetry of the data about the angle of −40° and a "turnover" in the binding rate data vs. rotor angle for angles greater than ∼40° is also discussed.


To define power relations as completely asymmetrical is to overlook intercursive power relations in which actors control others in some scopes and are controlled by them in other scopes. In integral power relations, the power holder retains an irreducible authonomy, but his power can be negatively limited in various ways. Power is a narrower concept than social control. It should be limited to intended and successful control of others, although such international control clearly permits greater unintended control as well. When power is defined as a "capacity," it may be either actual or potential. Potential power, however, is not the same thing as merely possible power, which in the case of groups requires social mobilization to become both actual and potential.


Provided is a garbage pyrolysis coal gas desulfuration dedusting tar-removing dioxin-removing deodorization tower. A gas inlet of the tower is connected with a bubble-cap tower plate desulfuration section, a bubble-cap tower plate type wet process deodorization section, an anode electric dedusting chamber and more than one layer of absorbing padding chamber. Each layer of absorbing padding chamber is equipped with a padding discharge port which can continuously feed and discharge absorbing padding. A cathode insulation chamber is arranged on the outer wall of the anode electric dedusting chamber. Honeycomb-like anode plates are arranged inside the anode electric dedusting chamber. A cathode wire which is connected with the cathode insulation chamber is arranged between the honeycomb-like anode plates. Flushing spraying coil pipes are arranged on the walls of the honeycomb-like anode plates. The upper portion of each absorbing padding chamber is communicated with a gas outlet. A desulfurizing agent spraying coil pipe is arranged above the bubble-cap tower plate desulfuration section. A deodorant spraying coil pipe is arranged above the bubble-cap tower plate type wet process deodorization section. Due to the fact that bubble-cap tower plate desulfuration, bubble-cap tower plate deodorization, a honeycomb-like electric deduster and a selective catalytic adsorption tower are organically combined, the garbage pyrolysis coal gas desulfuration dedusting tar-removing dioxin-removing deodorization tower has the advantages of being high in dedusting efficiency, low in system resistance, easy to maintain, long in service life, capable of achieving garbage pyrolysis and coal gas purification and the like.


Probabilistic queries have been extensively explored to provide answers with confidence, in order to support the real-life applications struggling with uncertain data, such as sensor networks and data integration. However, the uncertainty of data may propagate, and thus, the results returned by probabilistic queries contain much noise, which <italic>degrades</italic> query quality significantly. In this paper, we propose an efficient optimization framework, termed as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {QueryClean}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="gao-ieq1-2805824.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, for both probabilistic skyline computation and probabilistic similarity search. The goal of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {QueryClean}$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="gao-ieq2-2805824.gif"/></alternatives> </inline-formula> is to optimize query quality via selecting a group of uncertain objects to clean under limited resource available, where a joint-entropy based quality function is leveraged. We develop an efficient structure called <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {ASI}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="gao-ieq3-2805824.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> to index the possible result sets of probabilistic queries, which helps to avoid many types of probabilistic query evaluations over a large number of the possible worlds for quality computation. Moreover, we present <italic>exact</italic> and <italic>approximate </italic> algorithms for the optimization problem, using two newly presented heuristics. Considerable experimental results on both real and synthetic data sets demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our proposed framework <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {QueryClean}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="gao-ieq4-2805824.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.


The paper introduced the design of system interface and database management using Microsoft ASP and Access.The system realized user registration/landing,commodity search,purchasing and administrator maintenance etc.,and increased the security by adopting MD5 encryption arithmetic.


Through particle-in-cell simulations, the evolution of nonlinear plasma waves is examined in one-dimensional collisionless plasma undergoing mechanical compression. Unlike linear waves, whose wavelength decreases proportionally to the system length L(t), nonlinear waves, such as solitary electron holes, conserve their characteristic size Δ during slow compression. This leads to a substantially stronger adiabatic amplification as well as rapid collisionless damping when L approaches Δ. On the other hand, cessation of compression halts the wave evolution, yielding a stable mode.


The partition of divalent cobalt, copper, zinc and cadmium between hydrochloric acid solutions and solutions of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in benzene or kerosene has been investigated under different conditions. Further the absorption spectra of both the aqueous and organic phases have been studied, and the infrared spectra of the organic phases have been examined. It was found that the order of the extraction efficiency of TBP for divalent metalsis Zu > Cd > Cu > Co for [HCl]aq Cd > Co > Cu for [HCl]aq > 8M.


The article considered some issues of gas temperature choosing at liquid rocket engine turbopump turbine inlet. Turbine is one of the key elements of the engine and its operability depends on the gas temperature. In addition, turbine inlet gas temperature evaluates its power and main parameters of the engine - chamber pressure and thrust. The higher gas temperature at the turbine inlet gives higher chamber pressure and better engine performances. The acceptable turbine structure temperature determined by required safety margins and durability of the turbine rotor blades. For expendable engines, safety margin is determined by the material short-term strength at maximum gas temperature. For reusable engines with a long service life, the safety factor is determined by material long-term strength. The article presents main factors affecting to the choise of generator gas temperature. It shows that one of the main factors is the temperature field nonuniformity at the turbine inlet. The maximum acceptable temperature choice is determined not so much by the engine schematic - oxidizer or fuel closed cycle, but by the strength and durability of the structure with temperature factors influence.


This paper aims to presenter a case that has been designed to be implemented in a course Differential Equations in a private university in Northeast Mexico. The activity has been designed based on some systems thinking and skills in order to develop generic skills needed for future engineers of the twenty- first century; most notably that of holistic thinking. The idea of merging the differential equations and dynamic systems is to provide new meanings in order to ED but also to develop new skills in class to enable the future engineer the deal with the new exigencies that society imposes. Through a qualitative study through interviews, classroom observations some early results of such implementation is. It is observed that students are flattering to know a technological tool to give a new mathematical object representing the differential equation and appreciates being able to solve real-life problems of a social nature.


Design principles of crystallizers. Numerous processes in the chemical, heavy chemical, and food industries involve a crystallization step. Most commonly, a crystalline product is to be obtained from solution. Crystallizers are designed with the aim of cost-effective isolation of the product in the desired quality, i.e. in the necessary particle size and purity, while minimizing encrustation.


This paper examines how the role of alternative small-scale water providers who can either be formal or informal have improved water supply delivery services in peri-urban areas, which are not being serviced by water utilities due to absence of water infrastructure and unplanned nature of these areas. Using literature review, this paper examines the range of ways in which the poor access water and shows that the conventional approach of provision of water to peri-urban areas has not matched the growth of these areas. Other water providers have come in to fill the supply gap and although they are not recognised by Government, they operate along side formally recognised arrangements and are making a significant contribution in improving access to water in peri-urban areas. Rather than continue ignoring them, the key lies in Government and water utilities recognising their existence and incorporate them as partners in improving water supply in peri-urban areas by making the necessary policy and regulatory provisions to improve the hostile environment in which they operate.


This article studies the imaginaries of political change available during the Spanish transition to democracy (1973–1982) and their new political usages by the Spanish 15M Occupy movement in the context of the 2008–2014 economic crisis. I argue that protesters are now rediscovering the old symbols used against Franco's dictatorship and adapting them to the new political circumstances, through graffiti, slogans, artistic performances and other ephemeral materials.


The stability problem of continuous-time Markovian jump systems (MJSs) is studied. An optimal controller combination method is proposed, in which the number of controllers is less than the number of modes. A new algorithm based on modal segmentation is proposed, which optimizes the controller by minimizing the cost function value. The proposed cost function contains mixed decision variables, where the cost function is also uncorrelated with the traditional linear quadratic function. Through rigorous theoretical analysis, the solution method of the designed controller is established. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by an example.


Retarders are used to delay the setting time of concrete. Retarder overdosing is not an uncommon problem, but its effects are not well understood. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to determine the effect of retarder overdosing on the setting time and strength of concrete, using both cubes, and cores from a large specimen. It was found that overdose levels of 3 times the normal dosage had little effect on setting and strength development. Also, concrete with even 6 times the normal dosage of retarder did eventually set and gain strength. Tests were also conducted to determine cement setting time under different temperature and surface drying (wind) conditions, in order to make inferences regarding strength development of concrete surfaces compared to interiors.


Optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of fluorinated and hydrogenated glow-discharge amorphous silicon films were measured in the photon-energy range 0.7\ensuremath{\le}h\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\le}3.0 eV. The optical absorption spectra of the fluorinated samples are red shifted by about 0.3 eV, and their band-tail PL peak is red shifted by about 0.4 eV relative to the spectra of hydrogenated samples deposited under similar plasma conditions. Annealing of the a-Si:F samples increases their spin density and brings up the PL defect peak at 0.6\char21{}0.7 eV, without any significant shift of either the optical-absorption edge or the band-tail PL peak. The similarities and differences in the roles of fluorine and hydrogen in the amorphous silicon matrix are discussed.


Time-related job satisfaction is receiving growing attention in the literature. In this contribution, we analyse the changes occurring in graduates' job satisfaction and in its main dimensions at various survey occasions after graduation. We will focus, too, on the theory of job satisfaction measurement. The analysed data come from a survey of graduates at the University of Padua, interviewed with a CATI procedure six months, one year and three years after graduation. After verifying that the main dimensions are the same over time, we investigate the determinants of the changes occurring in graduate job satisfaction, finding a broad stability and some sources of variation mainly related to salary and studyjob consistency variations. Graduates who move to a different job usually increase their satisfaction, at least for the most predictable aspects. Satisfaction levels also show a "toward-the-mean" effect.


In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully dilated on clay roof tiles using a simple spray method combined with heating. The coating process was initiated by dispersing TiO2 powder in distilled water. There are five samples made based on the number of TiO2 coating. The samples were then tested for self-cleaning and thermal reducing abilities. The self-cleaning ability test was carried out in a methylene blue photodegradation experiment, which was superimposed on the surface of samples. The result showed that titania roof tile with 3 times coating showed the best performance. Meanwhile, the thermal reducing capability test showed that the TiO2 layer's presence on the roof tile surface had decreased the surface temperature at about 1-3°C. SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis showed that TiO2 was successfully coated on the surface of the titania roof tile. Meanwhile, based on the results of XRD characterization, we recognized that the TiO2 used is pure anatase TiO2.


The proliferation of virtual tours in the field of visual and multimedia communication raises a series of questions that affect various scientific disciplinary sectors, including that of representation and visual culture. The health emergency due to the Covid pandemic, which resulted in the closure of museums for a long period, has undoubtedly contributed to the spread of virtual tours with the aim of offering alternative solutions to an ever growing demand for cultural knowledge. What is a virtual tour? How, through its use, can the real experience of the modern tourist be replicated? The contribution intends to propose possible answers to these questions on the basis of some critical considerations concern - ing the structural and semantic aspects of a virtual tour. There is also the problem of how its predom - inantly visual structure can affect the process of conveying the cultural message also in relation to the behavioral adaptation actions that the 'remote visitor' must necessarily implement when deciding to venture into a virtual visit path


The design of class teacher technique course should stress its applications: defining it in quality,indicating it in goal description,demonstrating it in content choice and displaying it in performance.To pursue substantial results of teaching through cases,teachers should take charge of preparation before class,classroom management and teaching assessment and feedback while students work hard on cases reading,discussion,establishment and concealment.


IN my last article I endeavored to make clear that all of the language used to express metaphysical notions is borrowed from the physical world by analogy. For many reasons this is quite unfortunate, though it has its good side. Undoubtedly to primitive man just beginning to realize that he had a mind and that there were ideas and truths not belonging to the physical world, an independent vocabulary for metaphysics would have been impossible. It was only by the use of figures that he could explain in the vaguest way his dim metaphysical notions. The spirit seemed most like wind; the resemblance was closer than any other that -he could imagine; and so he called it


This essay reflects on the critical use of electronic media, the mobility of information they produce, and the educational challenges they pose to the early years of schooling. The paper puts emphasis on information and communication technologies (ICTs). It is based on results and conclusions from qualitative research the author conducted in this regard for several years (2012-2018) in Galicia (Spain). It is also based on the explanatory analysis of the role played by these media in society and the needs of children, teachers, and in general, school environments. School is immersed in a world where electronic mobility, driven by swiftness, breaks temporal and spatial boundaries. The search for simultaneity and the construction of planetary paths have made the information go in and out and be projected outside and inside the Earth. New realities and identities are emerging and can cause not a few difficulties but also find new ways and solutions to problems that were so far unsolvable. The ICTs use committed to justice and the fight against the exclusion should be part of the school interventions. From the earliest ages, children must have the opportunity to live in environments where such purposes are sought, and their experiences and ideas are heard. Electronic media should represent resources and not ends in themselves so that the ethical use of these is an essential condition for them to be truly educational resources. ICTs have given rise to complex realities in relation to which children of short ages build knowledge. They represent a source of teaching practices that must be analyzed in order to distance themselves from the exclusion and strive to seek equity, understanding the child's point of view.


politicians, poets, and medical reformers, the author has given us a rich and nuanced account of a medicalizing world in which the redefinition of the hospital as a healing space remained at best ambiguous. The work is divided into ten chapters. At the outset, Stevenson engages in a discussion of the traditional outer splendour and ostentation displayed by hospital buildings as houses of God. While such luxury had been an important measure of hospitality and charitable commitment for earlier donors and patrons, it seemed increasingly at odds with a new medical agenda that sought to envision institutions as places for brief stints of rehabilitation. A clash of religious values posited a Catholic propensity to blind and dominate their flocks with extravagant monuments against a mythical, spartan Protestant bent for individual freedom and voluntary collaboration. The ensuing tension created between the vanity of founders and the professional needs of medical men came to shape British hospital design. Subsequent chapters offer a comparative view between palaces and hospitals, the control of spaces within them and need for discipline, especially in asylums. The gradual process of planning and raising funds for a voluntary hospital is chronicled in great detail for the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Here Stevenson illuminates the collective effort to erect such an institution, pointing out the convergence of public good with private profit within the context of a perceived spirit of Protestant benevolence that even enlisted the builders and suppliers to contribute their labour and materials to this charitable quest. Not to be ignored were the wishes of hospital subscribers who expected the rapid recovery of their sick workforce and the commercial expansion of the former capital of Scotland through an influx of medical students from England and the colonies who would walk its wards. The remaining chapters deal with the growing problem of institutional cross-infection that converted hospitals into "gateways to death". Stagnant and hot air, corrupted by the febrile exhalations of the sick, seemed the culprit, prompting numerous design changes, including the elimination of quadrangles, the expansion of windows to facilitate ventilation, and the break up of large wards to segregate potentially contagious individuals. Cubic air space and flow became important criteria to avoid sick buildings. Here Stevenson points out how innovations in the construction of textile mills during the early Industrial Revolution-including fireproofing, roof ventilation, paved floors, plastered beams and cast iron columns-were adopted by the builders …


Major histocompatibility complex class II deficiency (MHC-II deficiency) or bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is an autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency. Fewer than one hundred cases have been reported worldwide. It seems to be particular to the Arabian Maghreb region with about 71 % of all known patients, notably the B group of complementation. The disease is characterized by a genetic heterogeneity with at least four complementation groups. Although, the clinical phenotype is comparable enough, dominated by denutrition, protracted diarrhea and interstitial pneumonia. Cholangitis are so specific of this combined immunodeficiency. Our survey carried on 5 cases collected at the Clinical Immunology Unit, of the Pediatry I department in the child hospital of Casablanca. Our five patients suffered from chronic diarrhea with failure to thrive associated with oral candidosis and repeated pneumopathy. They all had a CD4+ lymphopenia with absence of HLA-DR expression. Two of them exhibit panhypogammaglobulinemia. Serum immunoglobulines were normal at two other cases. The last one had increased IgA and normal Ig M and Ig G levels. The taking in charge consisted in an infectious episode treatment as well as a nutrition rehabilitation with regular IVIG infusion and continuous antibiotic prophylaxis. One patient had undergone bone marrow transplantation. We deplore the death of our five patients before the age of 5 years . Our set was characterized by the severity of the clinical phenotype, especially by the therapeutic means insufficiency. A considerable effort should be achieved in order to improve reception structures, tools of diagnosis and the hold in charge, notably bone marrow transplantation development.


The theory of the differential image motion monitor (DIMM), a standard and widely spread method of measuring astronomical seeing, is reviewed and extended. More accurate coefficients for computing the Fried parameter from the measured variance of image motion are given. They are tested by numerical simulations that show that any DIMM measures Zernike tilts, not image centroids as generally assumed. The contribution of CCD readout noise to image motion variance is modeled. It can substantially bias DIMM results if left unsubtracted. The second most important DIMM bias comes from the used exposure time, which is typically not short enough to freeze image motion completely. This effect is studied quantitatively for real turbulence and wind profiles, and its correction by interlaced short and long exposures is validated. Finally, the influence of turbulence outer scale reduces image size in large telescopes by 10% or more compared to the standard theory; new formulae to compute FWHM and half‐energy diameter of the atmospheric point‐spread function that take into account outer scale are provided.


On the eve of the referendum on Armenia's independence on September 21, 1991, Vazken I issued the following appeal to voters. By the will of God, the citizens of our freedom loving nation and newly born Republic will respond on September 21, 1991, to the invitation for independence by declaring unanimously and loudly, "yes."


1. Introduction: Lough Neagh as a multipurpose resource. 2. Geology, hydrology and land-use of Lough Neagh and its catchment. 3. Morphometry, hydrodynamics and sedimentation in Lough Neagh. 4. The optical properties of Lough Neagh. 5. The major ion chemistry of Lough Neagh. 6. Human settlement and economy of the Lough Neagh basin. 7. The recent sediments of Lough Neagh. Part A: Structure, stratigraphy and geochronology. Part B: Diatom and chironomid analysis. 8. Phosphorus and nitrogen loadings to Lough Neagh and their management. 9. Nutrient cycles in Lough Neagh. 10. The phytoplankton populations of Lough Neagh. 11. Planktonic primary production in Lough Neagh. 12. Benthic algae in Lough Neagh. 13. Physiological ecology of Lough Neagh phytoplankton. 14. The seasonal succession of the zooplankton of Lough Neagh. 15. Observations on the populations of Mysis relicta in Lough Neagh. 16. The macroinvertebrates of Lough Neagh. 17. Heterotrophic microorganisms in the water column and sediments of Lough Neagh. 18. The fish of Lough Neagh. Part A: A historical and taxonomic perspective of the fish fauna of Lough Neagh. Part B: Investigations on salmon (Salmo salar L.) and eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) in the River Lower Bann. Part C: Investigations on brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Part D: Investigations on pollan, Coregonus pollan (Thompson). Part E: Ecological studies of the fish community. 19. The vegetation of Lough Neagh wetlands. 20. The birds of Lough Neagh and Lough Beg. 21. Lough Neagh into the twenty-first century.


The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database (CCPC) is the mostsophisticated realization of the meta-analyticpotential within the health fields. At the core of this ongoing collaborative international project are about 600 systematic reviews of the effectiveness of specificforms of perinatal care, which have been created from a registry of clinical trials. The scale and quality of information available through CCPC are unprecedented. An examination of implications of CCPC suggests that manyfar-reaching changes in perinatalpolicy andpractice are indicated. CCPChas become a model for similar work that is being organized in many other clinical areas under the umbrella of the pan-clinical Cochrane Collaboration, and the experience and implications of CCPC will be of interest to many working in other areas. The implications of these ambitious meta-analytic projects are profound; the degree to which they will be realized is less certain.


Many real world systems, including smart mechatronics systems, can be better characterized by dynamic systems of non-integer order. These system can be modeled more accurately by non-integer order(fractional-order) models. Due to the behavior as infinite dimensional model, proper approximations to fractional-order differentiator (sα, α, ϵ, R) are fundamentally important. In the literature, it is proved that the fractional-order controller gives better characteristics as compared to integer-order controller. Implementation of these fractional derivative/integration is still an open problem. Many methods proposed for the integer-order approximation of fractional derivative/integration. Many author have implemented fractional derivative (Fractional-Order Controller) using some simulation software. In this paper, we have implemented integer-order approximation of fractional derivative using DSP. This will help the researchers to implement the fractional derivative used for modeling and control using hardware.


Sansui Ping Yao Zhuan is a typical modern Chinese documents,reflecting some style of the language of the last years of Yuan and the early years of Ming.In this paper,from two aspects,alone and stick use,to investigate the grammatical function of locative "Shang" in it,in order to reveal some grammar characteristic of the locative "Shang" at that time.


Performance of multi-spectral imaging critically depends on image acquisition time and working spectral bandwidths. Ultimate performance can be achieved if a set of monochromatic (single-wavelength) spectral images is obtained by a single snapshot - a technique provisionally called "snapshot multi-spectral-line imaging" or SMSLI. The SMSLI principle and the developed prototype devices for 3, 4 and 5 spectral line snapshot imaging are described. Two potential practical applications of SMSLI are discussed – for fast mapping of the main in-vivo skin chromophores and for detection of counterfeit banknotes and documents.


This thesis investigates a parametric study of a flat plate floor system designed using post-tensioning. The load balanced by the post-tensioning, the slab depth, and the strength of concrete were varied to create the parametric study of a hotel/condominium grid layout. In order to perform the parametric study, research was conducted on the development of post-tensioning, methods of analysis for two-way slab design, and post-tensioning methods of analysis. Design was conducted by hand through a series of Excel spreadsheets and compared to results found using the computer analysis program, ADAPT-PT. The designs found in the parametric study were then used to perform a cost analysis across ten cities in the United States: The designs from the hand analysis and the ADAPT-PT model provided similar results for the post-tensioning, and both methods provide an adequate design. The use of ADAPT-PT is recommended because of its ease of use and quick calculation capabilities. The designs of the hand analysis were quantified and along with unit prices gathered from contractors and suppliers the cost analysis found that the design with 100% of the dead load balanced provided the least expensive solution for all the cities, and the design using a 6000 psi strength concrete provide the most expensive solution for all cities. The least expensive slab design was $9.02 per square foot in Atlanta, Georgia, and the most expensive slab design was $24.96 per square foot in Miami, Florida. A more rigorous parametric study in the future may provide a better optimization for the hotel/condominium slab investigated as the parametric study of this thesis found costs which varied by less than 10% between the most expensive and least expensive slabs in the ten cities.


This paper reviews an analytical model that defines the relationship of weight-weighted or volume-weighted average haulage distance with bench height and other related parameters, presents the optimum bench heights under various conditions in terms of minimizing the weighted average haulage distance of ore/waste during the full lifetime of an open pit mine, and discusses the truck-haulage economics of mining open pits by high bench, specifically by IS m, 18 m and 20 m benches through marginal analyses. The observations from these analyses disapprove the previous conflicting assertions that the over-all weighted average haulage distance either increases or decreases directly with bench height. It is concluded that : (1) an increase of bench height to 15 m from 12 m is likely to be viable under the general conditions of large-scale deep open pit mines ; (2) the reduction of haulage cost is much limited with the case of increasing bench height to 18 m from 15 m ; and (3) the feasibility of mining open pits by 20 m benches is generally questionable. These conclusions may serve as a useful guide for those who advocate open pit mining by high bench.


The existing glaciers of Alaska are of such wide distribution and are such striking scenic features that they have attracted the attention of many glacialists. The coastal glaciers, many of which are of large size and relatively accessible, have been most frequently visited and described, and the literature on Alaskan glaciers now includes a large number of titles. The fact has been generally recognized by those who have studied the glaciation of this territory that the area at present covered by glaciers is much smaller than the area which was formerly covered by glacial ice, and glaciers no longer exist at many localities where the surface still shows conspicuous evidence of their former presence. This evidence consists of such physiographic features as typical glacial mountain valleys, U-shaped in cross-section; glacial lakes; moraines and hanging tributary valleys, and of such other evidence as is afforded by smoothed, polished, and striated rock surfaces; glaciated pebbles and bowlders; erratic bowlders, and deposits of glacial till. It is beyond the scope of this paper to outline the areas in Alaska which are known to have been formerly covered by glacial ice. Brooks" published in 1906 a map showing the limits of glaciation, as known at that time. Tarr and Martin3 have recently published a revision of Brooks's map, based on somewhat more recent information. On both of these maps a number of areas have been shown as glaciated about which no detailed information is available, and the outlines as given can be corrected only after much more field work has been done.


Tobacco is a special economic crop. This paper introduces the main factors affecting the yield and yield components of flue- cured tobacco,and summarizes the applications of some statistical analysis methods such as grey system,linear regression,BP neural network and time series analysis in the prediction of flue- cured tobacco yield.


Keywords: Model-driven engineering, Process-based Modeling, E-learning, Educational Modeling LanguagesAbstract: Adaptation is a key feature of e-learning systems. The educational process performed by the support of e-learning systems should be carried out taking into account the cognitive and other particular characteristicsof the students, of the teachers and of the environments. However, this adaptation is not a simple process.It implies the conjunction of technical and pedagogical issues. This paper introduces a solution to supportadaptation in the context of an Educational Modeling Languages (EML). EMLs have been conceived to allowus the modeling of learning units, enabling the expression of dierent pedagogical approaches. Even- tually,these models are intended to control and support the development of the corresponding learning units.


The implemented judicial interpretation of China's Supreme Court in 2013 clearly defined that the court in China may determine the rights and obligations between the parties based on the content of international treaties which has not been in force in China. Therefore it broadens the scope of applicable law of China's foreign-related civil and commercial cases. However, it lacks of clear definitions in such perspectives as special status of the treaty that China has not yet concluded in the application of law, selective ways of the application of the treaty that China has not yet concluded, whether the application of the treaty China has not yet concluded should be limited to "invoking" or "contract territory" and whether the bilateral or non-openness treaty could be applied between the other countries or not. Now the research of the departments of theory and practice on these issues is not deep enough. The in-depth research and analysis on these issues are beneficial tofurther improvetheChina'sapplication oflaw in thetheoryand practiceofforeign-related civilrelations.


Before the October Revolution, care for nervous patients in Kazan was extremely inadequate: it was provided by the inpatient hospital of the university's nervous clinic, designed for 20-25 beds, and by a department in the Shamovskaya hospital for 6-10 beds; outpatient care was also provided there, and physiotherapy was very limited. Private practice flourished, a private hospital flourished only the wealthy class was treated. There were 9 neuropathologists in Kazan, and in the regions of present-day Tataria there was not a single specialist in nervous diseases.


Based on the time series data of GDP and investment in fixed assets of Shanxi province from 1980 to 2008,this paper analyzes the relationship between the two variables by using econometrics methods such as cointegration test,error correction model and Granger-causality Test.The empirical result shows that there exists long-run steady relationship between investment in fixed-assets and the economic growth and investment in fixed-assets is the main driving force of the economic growth in Shanxi province.


A physician-patient relationship based paternalism is still deeply rooted in today's Japan. However, it is also true that "patient-oriented healthcare" is beginning to be emphasized in the clinical field here. Demand by patients for the disclosure of medical information is growing year by year. However, looking at the current situation in clinics in Japan, we are still far from receiving a pass score of "Good enough." This may be due to the existence of a large communication gap between physicians and patients. Results of a questionnaire of physicians and patients indicate that physicians believe that they display an attitude of respect and consideration for patients, and provide patients with sufficient informed consent, but the patients themselves do not share this view. Thus, there is a large gap between the self-image of physicians and the image of physicians held by patients. In the first place, there is the wall of "information asymmetry" between physicians and patients. The optimum conditions for medical care are not achieved unless physicians polish up their communication skills and accompany their patients through the treatment process. At the same time, there is a strong need for patients to abandon the attitude of "leave-it to-the-doctor."


This article examines the challenges surrounding the application of multicultural, outcomes-based curricula for teaching media ethics and communication ethics classes within a small journalism program. The main question to be answered here is: From the perspective of students, does it make a difference to employ a teaching model that is embedded in multicultural values, and rewards personal transformation and "measurable results"? An additional question is: From the perspective of instructors, how can we best assess student learning and personal growth in fields as "subjective" and intangible as communication ethics and media ethics?


2 Abstract: Privatization is an initiative that is finalized upon the selling- off of the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs). It is also felt when the Government of a certain country is to contract out the State Services. Pakistan as a developing country of the world, enjoys a pride of its geographical importance, does not stand as a nation that participates unduly in privatizing the governmentassets. Rather despite the government urge, some unforeseen incidents that happen today in Pakistan are not to attract foreign investors to have a desire of executing investment in SOEs. The aim of our study is to focus upon the effects of privatization, either acceptable or not, on an economic growth of Pakistan and on the other macroeconomic indicators. The data has been collected from various sources, catering the time period of 1992 to 2008. In because of the insufficient authentic statistics available on the revenue obtained by the sale of SOEs in Pakistan, the analysis brought forward through this article is in the form of Figures, Descriptive Statistics, and Correlation Matrix and by the Elaboration of Year Wise Percentage Changes recorded on the selected variables. The study found consistent gradual rise, over the period of time, in the rate of GDP/Economic Growth, while drifts of privatization remained unsteady.


The first in the world ternary computer - "Setun" was developed at Moscow State University in 1958 and was serialized in 1961-1965 by Kazan Mathematical Machines Plant. "Setun" was aimed to solve middle-level tasks and was intended for use at design bureaus, universities, research institutes, factories, etc. Developers were able to create a small-size, inexpensive, reliable and easy-to-service computer. Such qualities were achieved, on the one hand, by using ferro-magnetic elements on miniature ferrite cores and semiconductor diodes as hardware components, on the other - a ternary symmetric numerical system that supports optimal arithmetic construct.


This paper proposes a multi-UAVs collaborative search scheme to realize target search in minimal time. We set up a three-dimension continuous '8'-shape trajectory model, simplify the camera model and propose the method of target detection. It combines the zigzag search strategy with genetic algorithm to optimal the search step and reduce the search time. In this method, UAVs always keep a fixed-formation during searching and tracking. Our algorithm was validated by simulations and gets results that meet the needs of the challenges in the 2020 Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robot Challenge.


The invention generates the data, analysis, storage, and that, subject to occur at various positions, by analyzing and processing the data collected by the various paths in a parallel and distributed manner, various user interfaces of data processing that can provide to the user system consumption relate to.


Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a term attributed to any infant death that cannot be explained. Sudden unexpected infant death describes any sudden and unexpected death, whether explained or unexplained, that occurs during infancy. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) first recommended that infants be placed for sleep in a non-prone position in 1992.


Lifetime-broadening-suppressed x-ray absorption near edge structure (LBS-XANES) spectroscopy is applied to the Dy L{sub 3} edge, where multiplet nature of the final state as well as lifetime-broadening distorts the band shape. It was found that, by determining appropriate final state density function from observed the L{alpha} band shape, LBS-XANES spectra can be obtained and 2p{yields}4f quadrupole transition is unequivocally observed as a separate peak. It has been proved from the present results that LBS-XANES spectroscopy is very versatile; transitions with multiplet final states can be studied by the use of hard x-rays and forbidden transitions obscured by intense dipole-allowed transitions can be revealed. Implications for resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra are also discussed in terms of RIXS contour plot and the Kramers-Heisenberg equation.


Researchers in International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis's Population Project have devised a new and still experimental methodology for adjusting observed prevalence rates from Sentinel Surveillance Surveys for different sources of bias and for using the corrected data to project future populations. They ran the new model using Botswanan Sentinel Surveillance data for 1993 and 1997 to determine prevalence rates by age sex and education. They used those prevalence rates to compute new infection rates (technically speaking incidence rates) for people whose behavior renders them susceptible to HIV. These projected incidence rates are based on assumptions concerning the relationship between prevalence and incidence rates and concerning possible future behavioral changes. (excerpt)


Using Albert Hirschman's (1970) theory of exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect as measures of organizational effectiveness, this study examines the response of supervisors to dealing with poor performers. In recent years, the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board has focused its Merit Principles Surveys (MPS) on issues directly linked to its role—prohibited practices, retention, grievance and discipline, and so on—and the role supervisors play in their cause and remedy. In the 2000 MPS, there are a number of items that address supervisory efforts in dealing with "poor performers." These run the gamut from identifying performance discrepancies through providing feedback and developmental opportunities to seeking removal. There are also items that assess the supervisors' perceptions of difficulties in engaging in these activities. Using regression analyses, the author examines these factors with respect to their impact on individual supervisors' perceptions of their own organizational engagement. The performance appraisal process and management support prove especially important in maintaining positive supervisory attitudes.


This paper outlines the composition of rapid access developer of laser phototypesetting film, the function and behavior of its constituents, and also directions for its proper use, e.g. processing capacity, mainly focusing on the influence of the development parameters on the photographic characteristics of HUAGUANG brand phototypesetting film.


The process of categorizing Internet traffic in forwarding machine called packet classification. This process becomes very important in the last years , due to the huge evolution for the network services. This paper explains a taxonomy for the most popular and modern packet classification algorithms with its distinct features. As a result, this paper will guide the interested in packet classification field how can choose a suitable algorithm according to network service requirements.


The doping reaction of boron nitride and carbon nanotubes with aluminium atom was theoretically investigated. ONIOM method and PM6 method have been used to evaluate the thermochemistry of doping reactions of single walled boron nitride nanotubes and carbon nanotubes. The enthalpy changes, Gibbs free energy changes, of studied doping reactions were evaluated at different temperatures. All nanotubes were single-walled and finite length with hydrogen saturation in the terminal atoms. The thermodynamic calculations based on the ONIOM and PM6 levels results showed (8,0)CNT is the best candidate for Al-doping reaction.result suggest the aluminum doped boron nitride nanotubes and carbon nanotubes may be considered the proper carries for the drug delivery.


Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to estimate the lipid and protein contents in ground seed samples of perilla (Perilla frutescens Brit.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A total of 46 perilla and 80 peanut calibration samples and 23 perilla and 46 pea. nut NIRS validation samples were used for NIRS equation development and validation, respectively. Validation of these NIRS equations showed a range of very low bias (-0.05 to 0.13 %) and standard error of prediction corrected for bias (0.224 to 0.803%) and very high coefficient of determination () (0.962 to 0.985). It was concluded that NIRS could be adapted as a mass screening method for lipid and protein contents in perilla and peanut seed.


This review introduces the new indexes for controlling rice wine quality, including flavor compounds; and the new detection technologies for rice wine quality, including GC, GC-MS, visible-near infrared spectroscopy, near infrared transmission spectroscopy, microscopy , electronic nose, electronic tongue and so on. The functional ingredients and physiological function in the new kinds of rice wine are also discussed.


Several lines of evidence suggest that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generatated by mitochondria have a pivotal role in determining activation of cardioprotective pathways and cell survival or, alternatively, in damaging cellular components and initiating cell death. In this article, we report the role of some important components of mitochondria in determining protective ROS signaling or deleterious ROS stress. We discuss studies showing the mechanisms whereby ROS generation occurs in pre (PreC) and postconditioning (PostC) and myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury. In particular, we consider mitochondrial ROS production that target respiratory complexes, mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mKATP) channels or connexin 43 (Cx43) to activate cell survival programs, in conditioning by ischemic and pharmacologic agents. ROS signaling renders cells more resistant to the detrimental effects of I/R, via activation of enzymes and limitation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Importantly, this pore plays a crucial role in determining ROS production and cell death. Moreover, we consider the role of other mitochondrial components which mainly contribute to deleterious ROS generation, namely monoamine oxidase (MAO) and growth factor adaptor Shc (p66Shc), which may interact with other components to generate ROS and may be the putative target(s) of therapeutic agents.


The BMA has published new guidance for sessional GPs on how to set up and develop peer support groups to improve access to education, clinical information, networking, and career opportunities.

Peer support groups can help reduce the professional isolation experienced …


Two manuscripts, both dating about 1300, from convents in the Upper Rhine contain a group of illuminated initials and border medallions that depict St. Agnes of Rome as the bride of a loving adult Christ. The portrayal of Agnes as Christ's bride in any form is an unusual subject, occurring almost exclusively between about 1450 and 1520 in northern Europe and presenting Christ in his infant form, similar to the common iconography for St. Catherine of Alexandria. These much earlier manuscripts present the scene in a completely different manner and derive from very different visual conventions than the later examples. The imagery in one manuscript relates to that of Ecclesia wedding Christ as found in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Bibles, while the imagery in the other derives from the iconography of a late medieval poem, "Christus und die minnende Seele." This illustrated poem, extant only in later manuscripts and early printed versions, can be traced back to older originals dating from the late thirteenth or early fourteenth centuries, which were known in Upper Rhine convents. The article considers why such an unusual representation of Agnes might have appeared in these convents and suggests an explanation relating to both the consecration ceremony for nuns and the distinctive conventions of a feminine spirituality that were common at that time throughout Europe, and were especially prevalent in Germany.


A method for transferring a program of a particular channel transport stream comprises a minor channel, the secondary channel associated with a plurality of transmission channels other lower resolution programs. When the receiver since the location is difficult to receive a particular channel, the receiver is tuned to a stronger signal associated with another channel, and restore the desired lower resolution version from which secondary delivery channel program.


A Variable Orifice Nozzle (VON) by changing a cross-sectional area of the nozzle injection hole, for improving a rate of injection and injection duration, has been developed to study its spray characteristics. Injection and spray pattern responded to the nozzle orifice cross-sectional area which is changing larger to smaller. Transient behavior of the sprays was recorded by two-frame CCD camera system which is based on a microscope with a long working distance. The analysis of the diesel spray velocity vectors were conducted using PIV analyzer with cross-correlation method. The system has been used with various techniques to provide a powerful tool for spray analysis.


The article discusses the reaction of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to industry calls for a review of the equity market structures of the country. Topics discussed include the assessment of needed key market changes by participants at the 2014 Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) market structure conference and changes to the market structure resulting to increases in the ability of investors to trade.


Conventional urban stormwater management has focused on providing highly efficient drainage systems to rapidly collect and remove stormwater runoff using a combination of underground pipes and linear "engineered" overland flow paths. The treatment of stormwater runoff can no longer be considered in isolation to the broader planning and design of the contributing urban area. Rather, stormwater management needs to be considered at all stages of the urban planning and design process to ensure the site planning, architecture, landscape architecture and engineering infrastructure is all provided in a manner that is sympathetic to the stormwater treatment system. The concept of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is based on formulating development plans that incorporate multiple stormwater management objectives and involve a pro-active process which recognises the opportunities for urban design, landscape architecture and stormwater management infrastructure to be intrinsically linked. At the building design level, innovative means for recycling stormwater for non-potable usage can significantly reduce pressure placed on water resources development and drainage infrastructure by urban development. The concept of WSUD is generic and has now been expanded to apply at a catchment and regional level. The concept provides the basis for a holistic approach to stormwater management using techniques that are capable of delivering a wide range of beneficial outcomes at both the regional and local levels.WSUD is the integration of urban planning and utilisation of best practices to achieve the objectives of sustainable drainage systems for urban areas. Urban planning provides the pro-active element in the process to facilitate the utilisation of stormwater best management techniques. The selection of appropriate Best Management Practices (BMPs) to include within a treatment train involves an assessment made


Excellent waterscapes in Beijing are significant in creating an outstanding image of China. Based on the Annual Environmental Status Bulletin issued by the website of Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, the water quality of urban water systems in Beijing was analyzed in this study, and corresponding improvement measures were put forward.


Salt is an abiotic stress factor that strongly affects soybean growth and production. A single dominant gene has been shown to confer salt tolerance in the soybean cultivar Tiefeng 8. The objective of the present study was to genetically map the salt-tolerance gene in an F2:3 population and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two soybean accessions, Tiefeng 8 (tolerant) and 85-140 (sensitive). The F2:3 families and RILs were treated with 200 mmol L -1 NaCl to evaluate salt tolerance. The F2:3 population showed 1 (42 tolerant): 2 (132 segregating): 1 (65 sensitive) segregation, indicating a single dominant gene for salt tolerance in Tiefeng 8. A sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker from a previously identified random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker and four insertion/deletion polymorphism (InDel) markers were developed within the mapping region. Using these markers along with SSR markers, the salt-tolerance gene was mapped within 209 kb flanked by SCAR marker QS08064 and SSR marker Barcsoyssr_3_1301 on chromosome 3. Three markers that cosegregated with the salt tolerance gene and SCAR marker QS08064 were used to genotype 35 tolerant and 23 sensitive soybean cultivars. These markers showed selection efficiencies of 76.2% to 94.2%. The results indicate that these markers will be useful for marker-assisted breeding and facilitating map-based cloning of the salt tolerance gene in soybean.


Force field analysis is a diagnostic technique for identifying, analyzing and organizing psychological, social, and other forces maintaining a current condition and planning change to improve the situation. Propositions are presented regarding changing forces to modify a situation and their effects on resistance, norms, motivation and tension.

Keywords:

force field;
diagnosis;
change;
resistance;
norms;
tension


The excretion of FSH, LH, oestrogens and pregnanediol was monitored once weekly in urine samples collected from eight peri‐menopausal women aged 44–55 years (median, 52 years). Observations were commenced between 5 and 15 weeks before the menopause and were continued for 22–30 weeks after final menstruation. Amenorrhoea of > 2 years duration in association with a persistent elevation in gonadotrophin output was considered proof of the post‐menopausal state.


Jefferson Lab's experiment E04-005, the largest integrated luminosity real photon CLAS experiment to date, provided a large sample of leptonic data; allowing for studies of the ρ-ω interference in the dileptonic decay channel, as well as charge radius and comparative branching ratio studies of the η and η′ through the Dalitz decay channel. An experimental study of the ρ-ω provides valuable input for theoretical models and calculations in addition to establishing a comparative basis for medium modification studies of vector mesons off of heavier targets. The total statistics collected for the η dalitz exceed the world's published statistics by an order of magnitude, while the η′ Daltiz decay is observed and measured for the first time.


This thesis conducts a systematic study on the chirality of light and its interaction with chiral matter. In the theory section, we introduce a measure of local density of chirality, applying to arbitrary electromagnetic fields. This optical chirality suggests the existence of superchiral modes, which are more selective than circularly polarized light (CPL) in preferentially exciting single enantiomers in certain regions of space. Experimentally, we demonstrate an 11-fold enhancement over CPL in discriminating chiral fluorophores of single handedness in a precisely sculpted superchiral field. This result agrees to within 15% with theoretical predictions. Any chiral configuration of point charges is beyond the scope of our theory on optical chirality. To address chiroptical excitations at nanoscale, we develop a model of twisted dipolar oscillators. We design a simple tunable chiral nanostructure and observe localized chiroptical "hot spots" with dramatically enhanced circular differential scattering. Our work on superchiral light and 3D chiral metamaterials establishes optical chirality as a fundamental and tunable property of light, with implications ranging


The ultrasonic welding technique can be carried out in many different ways, such as in direct welding metals both quickly and easily when compared to other welding methods. This paper gives a description of an experimental study of the ultrasonic welding of aluminum and cupper under water bath. For example, the ultrasonic welding of Al (t : 0.2) /Cu (0.2) can be accomplished when the conditions of welding pressure : 20MPa, at a required duration of 1.0s under water welding. Moreover, the material can be processed easily, and it gives out little heat, and hardly gets weakness.