AIM To investigate dinucleotide repeat sequence instability (DRSI) in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. METHODS DRSI was detected in 50 surgically resected specimens of gastric cancer using the PCR method. RESULTS DRSI was detected in 17 (34 0%) of the 50 gastric cancer specimens. The frequency of DRSI in well differentiated gastric cancer (66 7%, 10/15) was significantly higher than that in poorly differentiated one (19 4%,6/31) ( P 0 01), and in intestinal type (55 6%,10/18) it was significantly higher than in diffused type (20%,6/30) ( P 0 05). No significant correlation was found between DRSI and the size, location, lymphnode metastasis, serosal invasion and clinical stage of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION DRSI may be an early molecular marker and may play an important role in carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.


The Eocene coal of Bapung coal field shows low concentration of trace elements. Elements such as Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr and Zn are concentrated in the inorganic fraction of the coal while Mg is concentrated in the organic fraction. Concentration of the elements Cu, Ni and Zn indicates marine influence in the depositional environment.


DTU Orbit (05/10/2019) Calculation of shear strength of prestressed hollow core slabs by use of plastic theory Th is paper deals with calculations of the shear capacity of precast, prestressed hollow core slabs. Such slabs are often used as floor systems in building structures. A common way to produce hollow core slabs is to use the extrusion technique where long strips of slabs are extruded and thereafter saw-cut into units with the desirable length. For this reason, hollow core slabs are usually not shear reinforced and anchorage of the prestressing strands has to be established by bond. Hollow core slabs may therefore be more critical to shear and anchorage failure than ordinary two-way spanning reinforced concrete slabs.


Quantitative research in CS education has suffered from inattention to complexities inherent in measuring educational equity. This study aims to tease apart the complexities of educational equity and advance the field by developing a disparity index for quantifying inequities and using it to investigate the importance of accounting for intersectionality and distinguishing between access to and participation in CS education. This descriptive study analyzed student demographic and course-taking data for N=1,537,073 high school students in Texas. Results showed the disparity index can be a useful tool for quantifying and assessing equity in CS education. Disparities in terms of access to and participation in CS education were compounded for students who were members of multiple underrepresented subpopulations (e.g., rural Black females). Disparities differed between measures of access and participation. Implications of this study are that accounting for the intersectionality of students' multiple social identities and distinguishing between access and participation in quantitative measures are key to understanding (and thus addressing) the complexities of educational equity.


posed to e the greatest causative factor for the enteroathoenicity. However, there have been no reports concerning the existence of TDH in any foods. We tried to detect it in some foods which are well known as the causative foodstuffs of this foodborn disease , using the method of the human red blood cell lysis system. Fresh shrimp showed the lytic activity only when the strain was inoculated. Shirasu-oshi (salted, small and half-dried sardines) already showed the lytic activity without the strain, and increased activity was observed after the inoculation. The lytic activity of fresh oyster was not changed significant ly after the inoculation. The pre incubation with trypsin or ancreatin for 1 hr at 37•Ž in creased the lytic activity in fresh shrimp. These findings auest that TDH is produced not only in some foods, but also in our small intestine by V. parahaemolyticus.


Free radicals are implicated in the oxidative addition of an alkyl halide RX (MeI, CD3I, EtI, or PhCH2Br) to Pt(PPh3)3, as shown by identifying (e.s.r.) the derived nitroxide But(R)NO. using ButNO as a spin trap; a non-chain mechanism is proposed, with the formation of [PtIX(PPh3)2]· as rate limiting.


New exact solutions, obtained for centrifugal convection of a compressible fluid in pipes and annular pipes, explain axially elongated counterflow and energy separation—poorly understood phenomena occurring in vortex devices, e.g., hydrocyclones and Ranque tubes. Centrifugal acceleration (which can be up to 106 times gravity in practical vortex tubes), combined with an axial gradient of temperature (even small), induces an intense flow from the cold end to the hot end along the pipe wall and a backflow near the axis. To account for large density variations in vortex devices, we use the axial temperature gradient as a small parameter instead of the Boussinesq approximation. For weak pipe rotation, the swirl is of solid-body type and solutions are compact: vz/vza=1−4y2+3y4 and (T−Tw)/(Ta−Tw)=(1−y2)3; where y=r/rw, the subscripts w and a denote values of axial velocity vz, temperature T, and radial distance r, at the wall and on the axis. The axial gradient of pressure, being proportional to 3y2−1, has oppos...


We study N = 2 supersymmetric Chern-Simons Higgs models in (2+1)-dimensions. As we will demonstrate, an extended supersymmetric quantum mechanics algebras underlies the fermionic zero modes quantum system and the zero modes corresponding to bosonic fluctuations. These two algebras, in turn, combine to give an N = 4 extended 1-dimensional supersymmetric algebra with central charge


Image interpolation has been used spaciously by customary interpolation techniques. Recently, Kriging technique has been widely implemented in simulation area and geostatistics for prediction. In this article, Kriging technique was used instead of the classical interpolation methods to predict the unknown points in the digital image array. The efficiency of the proposed technique was proven using the PSNR and compared with the traditional interpolation techniques. The results showed that Kriging technique is almost accurate as cubic interpolation and in some images Kriging has higher accuracy. A miscellaneous test images have been used to consolidate the proposed technique. 1


Based on the characteristics and requirements of photovoltaic maximum power tracking experiment,a kind of photovoltaic power tester with lithium battery power is designed.Multiple sets of digital tube are applied in order to achieve simultaneous display of three parameters voltage,current and power.The Renesas R8C / 25,a kind of MCU,is adopted as the control core.The sampling values of voltage and current of the system are converted to digital quantity through A/D,and transmitted to the microcontroller for operation and display.Output voltage of the photovoltaic cell changes with the external environment change.The errors of the measured voltage reduce effectively by gaining the average of multiple measurement.Compared with the existing products,this kind of power tester has great advantages such as low cost,easy operation and high accuracy etc,and it has been successfully used in photovoltaic maximum power tracking experiments.


On seeing the daily worsening of contemporary Chinese situations,Liang Shuming and Tao Xingzhi start their patriotic actions of rescuing China in perspectives of culture and rural education.Since the two educationalists differ in perspectives,their commitments in relation to the rural education are endowed wtih different systems,each with unique features.


The biolegal contracts are particularly interesting to legal philosophers nowadays. The possibilities opened up by new technologies require to examine some of these contracts with criteria that go beyond freedom of contract and autonomy for reasons ranging from the violation of human dignity to the disruption of public order. In this paper we will use the gestational surrogacy agreement as paradigmatic, with particular attention to the relationship of justice underlying these contracts.


BACKGROUND
The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9343 trial demonstrated that adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) can be omitted in women 70 years or older, with small (≤2 cm), negative lymph nodes, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. We examined whether RT usage following the CALGB publication had decreased over time and evaluated sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with RT omission.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
From the National Cancer Data Base, we analyzed a cohort of 120,308 women aged 70 years or older with stage I, ER-positive breast cancer who underwent lumpectomy. Patients were classified into two groups based on the time of CALGB 9343 publication: (i) pre-CALGB (up to 2004), and (ii) post-CALGB (2005-2012). Clinicopathological and sociodemographic variables were compared between pre- and post-CALGB groups. Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression were employed, with the omission of adjuvant RT as the primary outcome in the regression analysis.

RESULTS
Radiation therapy usage decreased by 4.1% after CALGB publication (on average 71.6% pre-CALGB vs. 67.5% post-CALGB; p<0.0001). Almost one-third of women aged ≥85 years received RT in the post-CALGB group. In a multivariable model, the variables significantly associated with increased odds for omission of RT in the post-CALGB group were: advanced age, African-American, increased great circle distance, therapy under academic research program, residents of East South-Central region, living in a rural population <2,500 not adjacent to a metropolitan area, low income level, Medicaid recipients, high comorbidity index, small tumor, well-differentiated histology, residual tumor, and lack of receipt of chemotherapy and anti-hormonal therapy.

CONCLUSION
During the study period, the CALGB trial publication had a minimal impact on the rate of adjuvant RT use among elderly women with small, ER-positive breast cancers. Significant variation in RT usage existed across sociodemographic strata.


Introduction:

 Therapeutic hypothermia is a guideline-recommended treatment for certain unresponsive patients after a cardiac arrest. However, the degree to which patients with cardiac arrest have access to this therapy on a national level is unknown. Understanding hospital- and patient-level factors associated with receipt of hypothermia could inform interventions to improve access to this treatment among appropriate patients.

 Methods:

 This was a retrospective analysis using National Inpatient Sample data from 2016-2019. We used ICD10 diagnosis and procedure codes to identify adult patients with in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and receipt of therapeutic hypothermia. We used logistic regression with GEE clustering on hospital-year, and controlling for medical comorbidities, to evaluate patient and hospital factors associated with receiving therapeutic hypothermia.

 Results:

 We identified 478,419 patients (unweighted) with cardiac arrest. Of those, 4088 (0.85%) received therapeutic hypothermia. There was significant regional variation in hypothermia capabilities (Figure 1). At the patient level, age > 74 (OR: 0.54, p<0.001), female gender (OR: 0.89, p>0.001) and Hispanic race (OR: 0.69, p<0.001) were all associated with decreased odds of receiving hypothermia. Compared to patients with private insurance, patients with Medicare (OR: 0.73, p<0.001) and Medicaid (OR: 0.88, p=0.013) were less likely to receive hypothermia. Patients with shockable rhythms were less likely to receive hypothermia than those with non-shockable rhythms (OR: 0.85, p<0.001).

 Conclusions:

 Therapeutic hypothermia is rarely utilized after cardiac arrest and there is substantial regional variation in its use. Advanced age, female gender, Hispanic race, Medicare or Medicaid insurance, and shockable rhythm are all associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving hypothermia.


Cyberbullying is a phenomenon that occurs in social networks such as (e-mail, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, blogs, YouTube, etc.) where internet access is very easy to get. Cyberbullying occurs on an intentional basis based on 7 types of cyberbullying according to Styron et al. (2016) namely: Flaming (burning), Online Harassment (distraction), Cyberstalking, Denigration (defamation), Impersonating (impersonation), Trickery (deception), Exclusion (exception in online groups). The background of this research is based on a real basic phenomenon that can be seen on various social media platforms, cyberbullying has a bad impact on the generation of students and the education of teenagers. Researchers conducted this research on a YouTube channel commentary platform with video content about learning English for high school students/equivalent. The method used in this research is the phenomenological method, where the data can be obtained based on real events. Of the seven types of cyberbullying, researchers found three types of cyberbullying in youtube comments based on the scope of data sources in the youtube channel comments found by researchers, types of data found were as follows: Flaming, Online Harassment, and Denigration.


The board is set for the accused, covered with squares representing a multitude of forensic science "disciplines". Each "discipline" square has its own share of houses or hotels, making each costly to land on, some more than others. The hotel laden DNA square is of particular note. Some squares hold houses of straw, but it is difficult discern such poor construction. This unfortunate player will inevitably land on the Community Chest and Chance squares which will require the drawing of the top card from the respective pile. Those piles are each loaded with "Do not pass go" cards. There are few "Get out of jail free cards". This player breathes a sigh of relief for simply landing on a "Free parking" square. A brief moment to contemplate the probabilities of the next throw of the dice.


Abstract A two-phase methodology is presented as an aid to organizing job shop production in a cellular manufacturing system. The first phase (selection/assignment phase) selects the machines to be kept on the shop floor and assigns parts to the machines retained. The second phase (partition/reassignment phase) establishes a partition of the set of parts and corresponding cells of machines and reassigns some of the operations with a view to eliminating some intercell material movements. This phase is repeated until a partition meeting the operator's requirements is obtained. The results obtained with this method on several examples found in the literature are consistently equivalent to or even better than those hitherto proposed, in terms of intercell moves.


Nd 3+ -doped potassium niobate (K (1―x) NbO 3 :Nd 3+ (x) ) polycrystalline powder phosphors for x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 mol were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission-scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. The XRD data have shown a single-phase orthorhombic structure for x = 0.01 and 0.03 mol concentrations of Nd 3+ ions, while an additional NdNbO 4 phase is observed at higher concentrations. The photoluminescence spectrum has shown an intense emission band at 1061 nm along with two weak emission bands at 881 and 1343 nm when the samples are excited with 514.5 nm radiation of an Ar + -ion laser. No drastic changes in the intensity of emissions are observed with concentration variation, except slight changes in the intensities and peak positions of crystal-field peaks.


Existing point-to-point (PtP) VSC-HVDC link's control is usually not prepared for a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) operation, e.g. the DC voltage droop control might not exist in the PtP link or active power control might not exist in the offshore wind farm (OWF) link. Therefore, an existing PtP link's converter control needs to be adjusted when this link is expanded into an MTDC system by interconnecting new converters into the existing system. If only one vendor is involved in the MTDC system, these MTDC specific controls can be applied directly since the vendor has the knowledge of the installed system. However, if several converter vendors are involved, they need to define a common requirement and adjust their converters to fulfil this requirement. Another option is to implement the MTDC specific control as an extension of the existing converter control. The converter control is operated in DC voltage control, which is commonly found in every PtP link, and the extension gives the appropriate DC voltage reference such that the converter operating point lies along a predefined characteristic. Simulation results show that both implementation approaches can be adopted when a PtP link is expanded into an MTDC system, although each of them has different advantages.


(57) Abstract: an apparatus and method for heating glass to heat from above and below in the glass (4) the annealing furnace (1) on the roller (3). At least the upper side of the glass (4) is heated by the hot air injection led substantially perpendicular to the surface of the glass (4). Air injection mainly sucks air from the inside of the furnace, pressurized to superatmospheric pressure of more than 0.1 bar relative to the pressure of the annealing furnace 該焼 blunt furnace air taken from the inside of (1) (1) it is obtained by supplying by.


Microwave technique development is connected with semiconductors parameters and design perfection. Semiconductor devices are successfully used in a range from meter up to sub-millimeter waves. Their advantages are: high speed of response, small size and mass, low control power. In the given paper the calculation of a rectangular resonator with a double-layer semiconductor element parameters is done by the method of integral equations of microscopic electrodynamics. This method enables to take into account both a semiconductor element parameters and its geometric form and a sandwich structure. As mathematical model the resonator containing two-layer semiconductor element of a cylinder shape with given dielectric permitivities and each layer specific conductivity was chosen.


Conditional Selective Inference (SI) has been actively studied as a new statistical inference framework for data-driven hypotheses. For example, conditional SI framework enables exact (non-asymptotic) inference on the features selected by stepwise feature selection (SFS) method. The basic idea of conditional SI is to make inference conditional on the selection event. The main limitation of existing conditional SI approach for SFS method is the loss of power due to over-conditioning for computational tractability. In this paper, we develop more powerful and general conditional SI method for SFS by resolving the over-conditioning issue by homotopy continuation approach. We conduct several experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method. 1Nagoya Institute of Technology †Equal contribution 2RIKEN ∗Correspondence to: Ichiro Takeuchi (email@example.com) 1 ar X iv :2 01 2. 13 54 5v 1 [ st at .M L ] 2 5 D ec 2 02 0


Some important properties of frames for the Hilbert space Cd are discussed.Denote by Fd(A,B) the set of all frames for Cd with frame below bound A and upper bound B,denote by Md(A,B) the set of all d by d positive definite matrices C such that A≤Eφ(C)∶=〈Cφ,φ〉≤B for all unit vectors φ∈Cd.Some properties of Md(A,B) and Fd(A,B) are given,and relationships between them are obtained.


The article concentrates on the application and empirical verification of the Theory of Mind (Mind-Reading), the term used by cognitive psychologists to describe our ability to explain people's behaviour in terms of their thoughts, feelings, beliefs and desires. The research is predicated on the ideas of L. Zunshine, D. Herman, M. Fludernik, I. Bockting. The content of the article reflects the results of the analysis of an artistically (aesthetically) modeled schizophrenic discourse (henceforth SD) in William Faulkner's second section (Quentin Compson's monologue) of "The Sound and the Fury". The SD is a type of a discourse of the character's altered state of consciousness when his or her systems of perception and cognition function following an autonomous pattern under the extreme circumstances (O. Selivanova). The first part of the article contains a few comments on the underpinnings of a cognitive approach to a literary narrative. The conclusion is made that cognitively oriented investigation of a piece of fiction provides a reconceptualisation of the basic parameters of a narrative, such as focalization, narrator, character, spatio-temporal coordinates, implied author. The second part of the article is a proof of the validity of the following hypothesis: a SD requires an ongoing, non-stop interaction between the "actual possible world" (M. L. Ryan) of the novel and the reader. The former is characterized by modulated snippets of Quentin's thoughts, allusions, and memories, sometimes reminding us of Molly Bloom's monologue in J.Joyce's "Ulysses". The latter has his or her own cognitive processing potential and cognitive adaptation "mechanism". The efficiency of this "game" between the SD and the reader depends on how capable he or she is to identify and monitor (track) the sources of utterances, thoughts and memories that surface in Quentin's consciousness. The examples from the text of Faulkner's novel illustrate the procedure of source tracking in Quentin's SD and provide evidence of the destruction of Quentin's source-tracking ability. The final part of the article points to prospects of further cognitive-narratological study of anomalous narratives.


We investigate suborbital graphs for an imprimitive action of the Atkin–Lehner group on a maximal subset of extended rational numbers on which a transitive action is also satisfied. Obtaining edge and some circuit conditions, we examine some combinatorial properties of these graphs.


Recently, the neural network has been applied to calibrate the successive-approximation-register and pipelined analog-to-digital converters (SAR-Pipelined ADCs), which requires no prior knowledge. However, the large hardware area of the full-precision neural network (FPNN) limits the promotion of this method. This paper proposes an optimization scheme called partially binarized and fixed neural network (PBFNN) to simplify the hardware through the following mechanisms. First, the multipliers that occupy a considerable area are optimized by binarization. Second, the fixed layer does not require training, hence saving the hardware for backpropagation. A 14-bit 60 MS/s ADC prototyped in 28-nm CMOS process is used to verify the PBFNN-based calibration. The measurement results show that the ADC achieves an SFDR of 95.0 dB and an ENOB of 10.6 bit. Compared with the previous scheme, the SFDR and ENOB are lossless. We also synthesize both schemes in Synopsys Design Compiler with a 28-nm library. The synthesis result indicates that the hardware area is optimized by 71.95%.


all 0^0, mod 2w. This paper studies the convergence of {L n (0; F) } for functions F(0) which are continuous and are the boundary value functions of functions ƒ (z), z~re id } analytic and of class H tor \z\ < 1. The following results are typical: (a) If the Fourier series for F(d) converges absolutely for all 0, then Z,"(0)—>F(0) uniformly; (b) if F(d) is of bounded variation in an open neighborhood of 0i, then L n {B)- J yF{6) uniformly in a closed subneighborhood of 0i; (c) L n (d; G n )—>F(d) uniformly, where G n (0) = (n/2ir) f d d +2irln F(t)dt; (d) L n (9; G n )-F(d) =0(n~ a ) if F(d) satisfies a Lipschitz condition with exponent a<l. These results are then generalized to the case of interpolation on a Jordan curve C in the manner of the author's paper in the Transactions of this Society, vol. 38 (1935), p. 458. (Received November 27, 1940.) , , Q(z) maps w-dimensional z-space into a set of points ffi of the x^-plane. properties 9ft, them de duces certain results P(z) Q(z). solutions of a related equation of the same form. This reduction extends itself partially to linear difference equations of higher order with constant coefficients. Our conclu sions are applied to some results of Fritz John. This work presents an extensive analytic theory of the equation P(w)=XX'.fc - d 2 u/dxidXk+%2bidu/dXi+(c+\)u=f (i, k = l, 2, • • • , m), where X is a parameter and the coefficients are functions of (xi, • • • , x m ) continuous in an open domain D, the first partials of the 6» and a number of partials of the ai, k are continuous in D, and the functions, involved, may become infinite near the frontier of D. The investi gation was suggested by certain analytic aspects of Schrödinger wave equations. The equation is transformed into an integral equation with the aid of a suitable func tion of the geodesic distance (formed for a suitable line element) ; the integral equa tion plays an essential role in the work, in particular, Fredholm's theory is locally applicable in D. Associated with F there is constructed a sequence of "regular" approximating homogeneous boundary value problems, (Pi), (P 2 ), • * • . When F is self adjoint, theorems on existence of solutions, uniqueness properties and so forth are given for X nonreal; also, for X real, depending on sufficient "rarefication" of the totality of characteristic values formed for (Pi), (P 2 ), • • • . An essential role is also played by an appropriate spectral theory based on (Pi), (P 2 ), • • • . (Received vember


The Geological Trilogy by Dmitry Morozov (::vtol::) is a contemporary interaction with the Soviet colonial project. The artist explores the ambiguity of the Soviet through construction of robotic models that turn out to be models of social processes: the production of the present on the material process of the ancient or recent past. Each of the installations of the trilogy is based on a physically repeatable process: the phase transition and cooling of a meteorite (Guest), the drying and filling of takirs with water (Takir), the drilling of solid earth ("12,262"). Spatially, the works construct a model of the Soviet modernist project of the colonization of nature: from the cosmic heights to the earth to 12 thousand kilometres deep. Each of these objects is transported to the original site in order to verify the accuracy of the physical model of the place and transcend its abandonment. We must be careful when we examine parts of the trilogy for we may find ourselves looking upon an abandoned future.


A review of the most advanced microscopic treatments of optoelectronic quantum devices is presented. After recalling the fundamentals of carrier coherence versus energy relaxation/dephasing, we shall discuss a number of simulated experiments for two different regimes: coherent ultrafast excitation and steady-state conditions. We shall finally introduce a fully non-diagonal treatment of the problem, which shows that also in steady-state conditions one deals with a residual single-particle phase coherence, resulting in a scattering-induced state renormalization.


Objective: To examine the Influences of Job Character on the Job Burnout among College Counselors.Methods: 283 college counselors were investigated by the job character inventory for college counselors and Maslash burnout inventory(MBI).Results: Perceived social prejudice had positive effects on emotional exhaustion.The qualifications for counselors and interpersonal depletion and conflicts factor both had significantly negative effects on job burnout of college counselors,and job load and pressures had positive effects on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.Conclusion: Job character of college counselors had important influence on their Job Burnout.


Purpose – The paper aims to clarify the relationship between organisational structures and individual brand supporting behaviour. It proposes modelling the social transformation process and outlining why and how leadership is important throughout the internal brand building process. The study aims to expand the domain of corporate branding by including a broader range of human resource and leadership‐related aspects than is normally found in the branding literature.Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for an exploratory study using the open‐ended approach of grounded theory, including 30 depth interviews and one expert group discussion with employees representing middle and senior management having mainly a marketing and corporate communications background. The data were complemented by documentary analysis, including brand documents, descriptions of internal processes, and copies of employee magazine articles.Findings – The paper provides empirical insights about how change is brought about duri...


Phytase (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) has been purified about 2,000-fold from ungerminated rye with a recovery of 6%. The enzyme behaves as a monomeric protein ofa molecular mass of about 67 kDa. Optimal pH for the degradation of phytate has been found at pH 6.0 and 45C. Kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of Na-phytate are K M 300 μM and k cat 358 s -1 at 35C and pH 6. 0. The rye enzyme exhibits a broad affinity for various phosphorylated compounds and hydrolyses phytate in a stepwise manner; the pentakis- and tetrakisphosphate were identified as I(1,2,3,4,5)P 5 and I(2,3,4,5)P 4 . Consequently, this enzyme is a 6-phytase (EC 22.214.171.124).


Cancer-selective internalization has a great potential for reducing the side effect of photodynamic therapy. Recently, various cancer-targeted delivery carriers have provided enhanced cancer targeting efficiency. Despite significant advancements in cancer-targeted carriers, side effects are still present because of non-selective cellular uptake that occurs in the heterogeneous cancer environment. In this paper, we designed two types of cancer-selectable two arm hydrophilic photosensitizer (CTAHP2K and CTAHP4K) with silicon-tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines (ST), polyethylene glycol and the cancer-specific ligand for cancer-selective theranostics. The synthesized CTAHP4K exhibits a folate receptor-mediated cancer-selective cellular uptake and induces cancer-selective death. The folate receptor-mediated cancer-selective internalization of CTAHP4K was confirmed by competitive interaction with vitamin B in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma. The cancer-selective cytotoxicity of CTAHP4K was confirmed using a 670-nm laser to irradiate Chang Liver cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Comics and Adaptation, edited by Benoit Mitaine, David Roche and Isabelle Schmitt-Pitiot, translated by Aarnoud Rommens and David Roche, University Press of Mississippi; 238 pages, 2018, ISBN 978-1-4968-0337-5 This review discusses the contents of the edited collection Comics and Adaptation (edited by Benoit Mitaine, David Roche and Isabelle Schmitt-Pitiot, translated by Aarnoud Rommens and David Roche, University Press of Mississippi 2018) and comments on the translation of the text. The review concludes that this is a timely and useful collection which challenges some of the presuppositions of adaptation studies.


This paper alleges that the only way to develop Chinese linguistics is to emphasize philosophical ap- proaches.It points out that all the meaningful linguist study is philosophical study and only by summing up past experi- ence in this respect can we find a right way out for Chinese linguistics.Further,it stresses that Chinese linguists are con- fronted with three historical tasks,namely,inheriting and carrying forward the Chinese linguistic tradition,building up a new Chinese linguistics,and enriching and making our own contributions to the fulfillment of the world's general linguis- ties.


Contrast finite states machine with MPU in the way that control of high-speed analog-digital conversion device.Base on the two work mode of TLC0820,the author detail the implementation that using finite states machine.


A sense of responsibility keeps human on the edge which continuously reminds one of where their pursuit lies. Of course, Responsibility keeps piling up as one grow. In a society where the globe is technologically upgrading every second, the businesses are assigned the challenge to keep the surroundings at balance; this is where the term corporate social responsibility gains momentum. In constantly growing economies, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the force which keeps organizations stay afloat and is the make or break point. Realising this, the economies of world are jointly or individually pursuing the corporate goals towards society in different areas. CSR is the vantage point which is titled to aid an organization's mission as well as a guide to what the company stands for its consumers. The aim of the chapter is to articulate how corporate social responsibility has become the most valuable touch point of the society to survive among different companies and highlight the various issues and challenges in CSR implementation and regulation.


The use of low-protein milk for curd manufacture leads to the output reduction from a raw-material unit effecting therefore production efficiency. The main idea of the research is the use of nonfat dry milk for curd manufacture. Nonfat milk, dry nonfat milk, milk mix, curd are the main study objects. The technology of curd manufacture from low-protein milk has been worked out. It has been established that the use of dry nonfat milk in the amount of 1,0-2,0 % in the curd manufacture from low-protein milk (2,8 %) increases the curd output and improves its quality.


In most of the existing real-time schedulers producing the total value as large as possible, the service times for all schedulable tasks are computed at each time a new task arrives. If all scheduled tasks would be executed completely before a new task arrives, the schedule may produce the greatest total value. But this is not always true in real situations. In many cases, (a) new tasks arrive(s) before all the scheduled tasks are executed completely. In this paper, we propose a unique scheduling algorithm for real-time tasks. The proposed algorithm determines the service times only for some tasks with earlier deadlines while the existing algorithms determine the service times for all tasks. This partial computation decreases the average scheduling complexity ramatically, even though, in the worst case, the complexity of the proposed algorithm becomes O(N2), which is equal to that of a previous algorithm that has been known as a less complicated one.


The viscosity estimation for aqueous solution is required in the design of many chemical processes.However,the estimation results obtained by using the methods available in the literatures are usually not satisfactory.In this paper,the shape factor was introduced to the viscosity correlation equation for the non-aqueous liquid mixtures,which was developed recently by our group,and a new viscosity equation for aqueous non-electrolyte solutions was obtained.The new equation could be used not only for the correlation of viscosity of binary aqueous non-electrolyte solutions,but also for the viscosity estimation of ternary aqueous non-electrolyte solutions by using the equation parameters correlated from binary mixtures.54 binary aqueous non-electrolyte solution systems with 2876 viscosity data points were correlated by using this new equation,and the total average absolute deviation of the correlation is 4.60%.Furthermore,7 ternary aqueous non-electrolyte solution systems with 352 viscosity data points were also estimated by using the new equation with the total average absolute deviation of 3.75%.The results indicate that this new equation is adequate for correlating the viscosity of binary aqueous non-electrolyte solutions and for estimating the viscosity of ternary aqueous non-electrolyte solutions.


Summary: A case of giant cell granuloma caused by Trichophyton rubrum is reported. Clinically the fungus had elicited skin coloured flat topped papules and plaques. Fungal filaments were absent in these areas histologically though skin scales revealed mycelia in KOH mount and grew T. rubrum. The histological findings suggest that histiocytes and plasma cells were mainly involved in the defence against T. rubrum infection in this case.


In this paper we study the scaling relations for the triggering of the fast, or "ideal", tearing instability starting from equilibrium configurations relevant to astrophysical as well as laboratory plasmas that differ from the simple Harris current sheet configuration. We present the linear tearing instability analysis for equilibrium magnetic fields which a) go to zero at the boundary of the domain and b) contain a double current sheet system (the latter previously studied as a cartesian proxy for the m=1 kink mode in cylindrical plasmas). More generally, we discuss the critical aspect ratio scalings at which the growth rates become independent of the Lundquist number $S$, in terms of the dependence of the $\Delta'$ parameter on the wavenumber $k$ of unstable modes. The scaling $\Delta'(k)$ with $k$ at small $k$ is found to categorize different equilibria broadly: the critical aspect ratios may be even smaller than $L/a \sim S^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha=1/3$ originally found for the Harris current sheet, but there exists a general lower bound $\alpha\ge1/4$.


In 1936 we reported a case of hypothyroidism 1 in a child in which one of the outstanding features was that of cardiac enlargement. This enlargement was reduced with thyroid therapy, but the heart returned to its original size when use of the medicament was discontinued. In that report we discussed the diagnostic features of "myxedema heart" and included a differential diagnosis of some of the less commonly appreciated causes of cardiac enlargement in childhood. Since our report we have been unable to find recorded in the literature further cases of this condition in children. The latest edition of the textbook of Holt and McIntosh. 2 in a discussion of myxedema heart, contains this statement: "With this obscure condition we have had no experience." In neither Griffith and Mitchell's 3 textbook nor in Brennemann's 4 "Practice of Pediatrics" is there mention of electrocardiographic or other cardiac findings in their discussions


Municipal SWM problems are coming to the forefront of the global environmental agenda at an increasing frequency and becoming more pronounced in recent years, as a result of inadequate collection and disposal of wastes in cities, especially; in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of municipal solid waste management service delivery system and policy issues in Debre Markos town through field visit, discussions with residents and staffs of municipal administration. The Findings showed that, the municipality lacks institutional, financial and technical capacities. Solid waste collection and disposal services are inadequate and waste was disposed improperly which creates unhealthy environment. For effective solid waste management, there should be proper service delivery system with qualified personnel, modern vehicles and equipment. There should also be improvement of institutional structure and implementation of integrated MSWM involving private service providers and other stakeholders.


The invention relates to the area of erythropoiesis and in particular, to substituted 6-[4(oxymethyl)-phenyl]-dihydropyridazinones of general formula (I), to a method for producing them and to their use as medicaments, preferably for preventing and/or treating anaemia.


Summary form only given. Inventory snapshots tell us what was on the shelves of a store at a given moment in time. In this article, an indexing structure that could efficiently capture the inventory at any past time was outlined, the time splitting data structure. It keeps both storage costs and snapshot query costs low.


In NC machining,the interference check and simulation are very effective and feasible method for NC code accuracy.It not only gives the formula of cutter movement envelope surface about the 5-axis machine,but also analyses its computer realization.The result shows this method has theory signifi-cance and the use value.


Depression is a common manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frequently observed at the early phase of the disease. Several postmortem studies demonstrated that tau deposition was found at the brainstem nuclei including the locus coeruleus (LC) and dossal raphe nucleus (DRN) (3, 4), even before early Braak stages of neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Given the disturbance of monoaminergic system is related to depression in general, tau deposition in the LC or DRN may underlie depression in late‐life, as suggested in a couple of postmortem studies. In this context, we tried to examine the hypothetical association between in vivo tau depostion at the brain stem monoaminergic nuclei and depression in cognitively unimpaired older adults.


Object grasping is an important step in robotic applications for subsequent operations, such as delivery and assembly. Automatic object pose estimation with monocular vision provides useful visual cues for grasping and makes it flexible. However, some of the pose factors, such as the pitch angle and the yaw angle, are difficult to estimate from the monocular vision. In this paper, a modified bilinear model [9] is used to separate the pitch factor and the yaw factor from the object image so as to estimate the particular pitch angle and yaw angle. The iterative singular vector decomposition (SVD) in bilinear model fitting imposes a great computation burden. Thus, a random projection algorithm [17] is used to reduce the dimension of the data while preserving the performance of the bilinear model. A weighted Euclidian distance based factor identification method, which discriminates the importance of the elements of the factor parameters, is presented to improve the robustness of the factor identification. Furthermore, with the pitch angle and the yaw angle estimated from the modified bilinear model, a three-step object pose estimation solution is proposed. Experiments are performed to verify the proposed pose estimation solution.


We investigated the top and bottom interfaces of a CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB tunnel junction using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) in order to understand the origin of the asymmetry of dI∕dV in terms of bias polarity. It was found, from a TEM image, that there is no clear cut at the top interface, while the bottom interface has relatively clean boundary. Furthermore, XPS data show that more hydroxides were formed at the top interface than at the bottom interface. These indicate that the hydroxides would hinder the epitaxial crystallinity at the interface in CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB tunnel junctions. Therefore, it is most likely that the asymmetry of dI∕dV is caused by the disappearance of minority Bloch state, which is closely correlated with the existence of hydroxides at the top interface of a CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB tunnel junction.


that practically all asphyxiated newborn infants which do not respond to treatment within the first minute or two are suffering from intracranial injuries, and that the older and violent methods of resuscitation, if used, will further increase these injuries by causing increased haemorrhage. If an asphyxiated infant is going to respond to any form of resuscitation, I am sure no more treatment is needed than to remove any mucus from the throat, and to encourage attempts at respiration by gentle traction on the tongue with tongue forceps at the rate of about twenty pulls per minute, together with the injection of a cardio-respiratory stimulant such as coramine or icorol. Should the infant attempt to breathe, carbon dioxide is here of some use. The older methods of tllrowing the child from one hand to the other or of violently flexing its body should never be allowed to be used on an asphyxiated newborn infant, as all such infants should be considered as having potential brain injuries, and small haemorrhages may soon prove fatal if unnecessarily aggravated by vigorous manipulations during resuscitation.


Every year the requirements for protecting personal information are increasing, and the use of passwords and codes is increasingly being replaced by biometrics, which is more reliable. Electrocardiogram (ECG) has been used for many decades to diagnose various heart diseases. It has already been established that the ECG has signs that are individual for each person, which has been shown in a number of studies. This research presents the results of a study of 11 characteristic ECG points and the informative value of their parameters, as well as the possibility of their application for human identification. The study resulted in determining the most appropriate and inappropriate amplitude and time characteristics of key ECG points for identifying a identify the individual.


Objective To investigate the bacteriology of severe intra-abdominal infections (SIAI) in critically ill patients with secondary and tertiary peritonitis in the ICU of our hospital,with an attempt to promote the proper use of antibiotics pereoperatively.Methods The clinical data of patients with secondary and tertiary peritonitis who were treated in our ICU due to SIAI between June 2005 and June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients had undergone an emergency abdominal operation before they were admitted into ICU.Results Totally 13 species of pathogen were cultured from 46 patients with SIAI.Enterococci were the main pathogens of colon fistula and aerobic gram-negative bacteria (AGNB) were the main pathogens of conditions in other locations at the time of operation.AGNB (mainly Escherichia coli) accounted for 63.04% and 51.02% of the cultures of abdominal fluid at the time of operation and one week after operation.The prevalence of AGNB decreased and that of Gram-positive bacteria increased in a four-week period.Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 50.00% in week 4,of which Coprococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were dominative.Meanwhile,the incidence of Candida also increased.The susceptibility rates of Coprococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and teicoplanin were 100%,but were highly resistant to other 16 antibiotics.Conclusion Enterococci are the main pathogen of tertiary peritonitis.The antibiotics profile may include those for enterococci if the disease is not improved after two weeks of treatment.Meanwhile,antifungal drugs should be applied appropriately.


Look, it's just impossible to write a column for this issue of Advocate without talking about the giant orange elephant in the room.


This paper is a preliminary study of attenuation model for wireless communication channels base on research of rainfall measurements. The model is developed by assuming rain droplets in channel. The rain droplets cause scattering of electromagnetic wave especially for millimeter waves. The attenuation model depends on the drop size distribution (DSD). In this paper, five attenuation models are compared. The results attenuation model rain correlated communications channel model the highest value at China (stratiform 2.0762 dB/km and convective 5.9844 dB/km).


The aged nervous system displays impaired cognitive functions, and these impairments are exacerbated in several neurodegenerative diseases. A role for oxidative stress has been suggested for several of these age‐associated dysfunctions. In addition, recovery from more acute traumatic insults that also generate oxidative stress is impaired in the aged. Here we examine the response of aged rat hippocampi to normobaric hyperoxia treatments and demonstrate an attenuation in the DNA binding activity of the AP‐1 and nuclear factor‐κB transcription factors, which are important components of stress response signal transduction pathways and can determine shifts in cellular commitments to necrosis, apoptosis, or functional recovery in the central nervous system. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This paper presents a survey of research trends in broadcasting technology from production to distribution and from fundamentals to applications. It briefly reviews work being done on UHDTV, 3DTV, IPTV, hybrid broadcasting, transmission technology, audio-visual coding, image sensing devices, display devices, media accessibility, content production, metadata, and content management.


Introduction: Surface treatments have been shown to effect bond strengths of luting cements to dentin. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of various materials commonly employed in conjunction with the cementation of indirect dental restorations would enhance bond strengths without resorting to proprietary dentin conditioners. Methods: Flat ground dentin surfaces (600 grit) on de-identified extracted human teeth mounted in acrylic were subjected to eight different surface treatment regimens with a ninth group (N = 15) of untreated dentin serving as a control. These treatments included: 2% Ferric Chloride, 20% Ferric Sulfate, a combination of 2% Ferric Chloride and 20% Ferric Sulfate, 20% Polyacrylic Acid, 25% Aluminum Chloride, 20 30% Polyacrylic Acid, water and flour of pumice and water and flour of pumice followed by 2% Ferric Chloride. The surface treatments varied in pH from strong to weak acids. Rexillium rods were cemented onto the dentin surfaces using GC Fuji PLUS cement and then stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C. Shear bond strengths were determined with a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 1 mm/minute. A one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: Shear bond strengths ranged from 17.7 (5.6) to 3.2 (2.2) MPa for the nine groups. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among the groups. Conclusion: Dentin surface treatments in the 1.5 2.0 pH range offered significantly improved shear bond strengths over the other surface treatments.


Under the condition of logistic industry's rapid development and logistic talents' social request increasingly adding,logistic management major of vocational colleges' deepening educational reform in constructing professional guidance-oriented practical teaching system,exploring ordering list and working-studying alternating training mode proved paramount social values for nourishing qualified logistic talents.


In order to improve the portability and real-time performance of the velocity measurement system for the fragments in shooting range,a method to design the system based on embedded technology is presented.the ARM and FPGA architecture is adopted for the hardware of the system.As for the software,Qt/Embedded is employed to design the graphical interface.The optimization method of Qt/Embedded program on embedded platforms is presented.The system works well in the filed experiments for the fragment velocity-measuring test.Many essential parameters,such as the starting velocity,speed drop,terminal velocity,velocity distribution of a flying fragment,were acquired by the system.The experimental results prove that the system can meet almost all the need of range fragment velocity measurement.


The regeneration of plants from cell and tissue culture is an important and essential component of biotechnology that is required for the genetic manipulation of plants. High frequency regeneration of plants from in vitro cultured tissues and cells are a pre-requisite for successful application of tissue culture and genetic engineering technologies for crop improvement. Culture of explants produces calli that are suitable materials for genetic transformation. Many attempts have been made to enhance the frequency of plant regeneration from brinjal callus and a lot of research programmes have been devoted to investigate the factors affecting plant regeneration. Healthy seeds of brinjal cv. Jhumki were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). The seeds were then washed thoroughly in running tap water. Special care was taken to avoid all types of injury. The surface sterilization of these seeds was carried out under a Laminar Air Flow Cabinet. The floated seeds were discarded and others were rinsed in 70% ethyl alcohol for one minute, and then thoroughly washed with sterilized distilled water. The alcohol treated seeds were immersed into 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 8-10 minutes, few drops Tween-20 per 100 ml was also added at that time. The seeds were then washed 5-6 times with sterilized distilled water. Sterilized seeds were placed into seed germination medium in Petri dishes. Six seeds were placed in each petridish. The culture was then incubated in dark till the germination of seeds. These were then transferred to 16 hours light for normal seedling growth. MS basal medium with different concentrations and combinations of BAP (0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/l) and NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) were used. Stem segments from each germinated seedling were cut into 2-3 mm pieces using sterilized scalpel under a Laminar Air Flow Cabinet. Six pieces of stem segments were arranged horizontally on each petridish and gently pressed into the surface of the sterilized culture medium with various concentrations and combinations of hormones like NAA and BAP. The petridish was covered and sealed with Para film. Leaf segment from each germinated seedling were cut into small pieces using sterilized scalpel under a Laminar Air Flow Cabinet. Six pieces of leaf segments were arranged on each petridish and gently pressed into the surface of the sterilized culture medium. The Petri dishes were covered and sealed with Para film.


Eleutherodactylus martinicensis is a small frog of the Caribbean area, including Barbados. Individuals exhibit precise alternation of calls with those played to them from a tape recorder as well as during natural interactions. The alternations are characteristic of territory holding males and are similar to those shown by certain insects.


Since the establishment of Beijing City,its property and function have changed greatly.To pass through the economies' construction,Beijing transits the function from the consume city to the product city,especially the P.R.China founding up.Thus,the function orientation,of which the specific stage of urban development,that reflects the historical situation,and the inevitable results of urban economic development of the world cities as another.Considerably,the economies of Beijing City will transit from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry,achieving the urban function's reorientation.


Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPAD) for molecule preconcentrator have critical problem in non-specific binding and dispersion of the collected molecules, so there is a limitation to the use of direct body fluid (i.e. serum). To address this problem, we demonstrate molecule preconcentration on paper-based reservoir preconcentrator by ion concentration polarization (ICP) with minimal addition on paper-based reservoir using an undiluted human serum. The cation selective membrane (i.e., Nafion) is patterned on adhesive tape, and this tape is punching to create sample reservoir and buffer reservoir, and then attached to paper-based reservoir. When an electric field is applied across the Nafion, ICP is initiated to preconcentrate the molecules in the sample paper-based reservoir. As a result, fluorescent dyes (alexa fluor 488) in undiluted human serum sample are preconcentrated up to 5-fold. This result is a major advance in molecule preconcentration using an undiluted body fluid for the growing field of POC diagnostics.


Soil sample was collected from the coastal region of Tamil Nadu with the aim of isolating actinobacteria and screen them for antagonistic activity against common bacterial and fungal pathogens. Serial dilution of the soil sample and subsequent screening of the isolates obtained, resulted in the identification of a potential strain VITDDK2 with significant activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. In addition, the strain VITDDK2 also possessed chitinolytic activity. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the isolate VITDDK2 belongs to cell wall Type I. 16 S rRNA partial gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain VITDDK2 shared 93% similarity with Streptomyces sp. strain 346. Also the secondary structure of the rRNA of VITDDK2 and the restriction sites were predicted using Genebee and NEBCutter softwares respectively.


The advanced FF field bus technology is used in Guixi smelter No.2 flash furnace automatic control system.Since August 2007,the system runs well,the stability and reliability of the system is very high.Some problems appears during the operation of the system,such as: user privilege and scope of authority in part of the operating station changes,leading to some equipment can not be operated;The intermittent communication faults between weight-lost feeder controller(WB930) and Deltav system caused weight-lost feeder's intermittent shutdown etc.Technician analyzed the problems and communicated with manufacturer,finally found the solution to the problem.Technician optimized and improved the control scheme constantly on the basis of meeting the process,at the same time,making full use of the AMS /PRM assets management software in the FF bus system to monitor and diagnosis the FF bus device state.These measures greatly reduce the equipment failure rate and improve the operation rate of flash furnace.


Shell-like supernova remnants (SNRs) are primary candidates for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays. However, among the known SNRs (about 220), only a small fraction has been known to exhibit the synchrotron X-ray spectrum, that is considered to be a piece of evidence for high energy particle acceleration. Synchrotron X-ray emitting SNRs are known to be systematically radio-quiet compared to the SNRs that do not emit synchrotron X-rays. Therefore, most synchrotron X-ray emitting SNR candidates may have escaped detection in the previous systematic radio surveys. On the other hand, hard X-ray surveys are effective to search for synchrotron X-ray emitting SNRs, because of its penetration power. Thus we have searched for SNRs in the ASCA Galactic Plane Survey data, the first Galactic imaging survey in $>$2 keV, and discovered 14 candidates. Deep follow-up observations with ASCA, XMM, or Chandra on 5 of them revealed 2 sources to be synchrotron X-ray emitting SNRs. Furthermore we confirmed non-thermal X-ray spectra from the other 3 sources, though the origin is yet unknown. We report the observational results and discuss the X-ray origin.


Dimensional analysis is used to determine the similarity parameters that describe the uniformity of radioactive slurry wastes to be suspended by mixer pumps. The results of this analysis are applied to the design of scaled experiments that will determine the operating parameters that will ensure an adequately uniform feed stream during waste retrieval from Hanford double-shell tanks. Ten dimensionless parameters describing the slurry mixing process were identified. Of these, three describe purely geometric features, three describe slurry properties only, one is a dimensionless time scale, and three describe important dynamic factors. The three parameters describing the dynamic features are the Reynolds number, which describes the degree of turbulence in the tank; the Froude number, which describes the effects of stratification on the circulation patterns; and the gravitational settling number, which describes the balance between the work done by gravity to cause settling and the work done by the pump to resuspend particles.


Hypertension is a common illness amongelderly. Hypertensive prevention and control emphasizeon health behavior. This descriptive study aimed toexamine health behavior for hypertensive preventionand control of members of the Elderly HealthPromotion and Rehabilitation Center. The 100 elderlymembers were recruited to be the samples by purposivesampling. The data was collected using the instrumentcomposed of 1) Demographic and HypertensiveHistory Data Sheet and 2) Health Behavior forHypertensive Prevention and Control Questionnaire.The content validity was tested by 3 experts. Thecronbachus alpha coefficient of health behavior forhypertensive prevention and control questionnaire was0.85. The data were analyzed using descriptivestatistics.The results revealed that the total score of healthbehavior for hypertensive prevention and control ofthe sample was at a high level (X = 3.14, SD= 0.58). The health behavior related to smoking,drinking, exercise, emotional control, diet, health carewere at a high level, whereas the health behavior relatedto caffeine and weight control were at a moderatelevel.This finding could contribute to create theactivities to increase health behavior for hypertensiveprevention and control and to develop the healthpromotion service for elderly population in community.


Objective: To explore the effect of human umbilical cord blood serum on human bone marrow stromal cell proliferation.Methods: Fresh umbilical cord blood was collected sterily. After anticoagulating with heparin, centrifugalizing serum, inactivating complement, filtering serum with micropore, human umbilical cord blood serum was produced. Cells with certainly density suspended in culture medium DMEM containing 20% human umbilical cord blood serum, regularly observed cell proliferation and changed culture medium. Results: After on culture 24 hours some adherent fusiform cells were shown after; culture two weeks fusiform cells were distributed over the base of vessel, showing whirlpool arrangement. Conclusion: Human bone marrow stromal cells can proliferate in vitro in DMEM containing human umbilical cord blood serum.


The occurrence of Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Schwartz, 1911) Steiner, 1932 in India was first reported by Ahmad et al. (1966). In Shim la, Gill and Sharma (1976) observed that it caused more damage on Zinnia elegans L. than on chrysanthemum. Recent survey studies have shown that A. ritzemabosi occurs widely on zinnia in hilly areas of Northern India. It was, therefore, of interest to confirm and compare the identity of this species from various localities. Three populations, one each from Shimla, Solan (Himachal Pradesh) and Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir), were collected from infested leaves of Z. elegans. The specimens were fixed in F.A.A., and processed in glycerine-alcohol (95 parts of 30% alcohol: 5 parts of glycerine) for slow dehydration and mounted in anhydrous glycerine.


The paper presents small scale CGE models designed to analyze the double dividend problem i.e. the simultaneous improvement of efficiency and environment through a revenue neutral tax reform. We show that in a one factor model with leisure weakly separable from consumption, a double dividend in welfare sense may arise only if the Laffer curve is downward sloping. However, backward bending labor supply is sufficient for both employment and environment to improve. Introducing an additional primary input considerably widens the scope for a double dividend by allowing for the possibility of environmental tax to shift the tax burden on the relatively undertaxed factor. In an open economy the optimal division of tax burden depends on the relative mobility of the primary factors. We show that with pollution related to final consumption, a double dividend is likely to arise only if capital is relatively immobile. However, with pollution related to an imported production input, capital mobility increases the likehood of a double dividend.


Study Design A total of 110 patients with scoliosis were enrolled in this analytical cross-sectional study. Purpose We aimed to compare the urodynamic study (UDS) results of patients with idiopathic scoliosis (ISC) and congenital scoliosis (CSC) and to evaluate the clinical significance of abnormal UDS findings in predicting underlying tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Overview of Literature An abnormal UDS finding is commonly found in patients with CSC. However, there is no consensus regarding its prevalence in patients with ISC. Methods Using the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies, 110 patients with scoliosis were selected based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the patients, 76 presented with ISC and 34 with CSC. Demographic data and other details, such as the results of spine radiography, UDS, and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in both supine and prone positions, were recorded and analyzed. Results Approximately 50% of patients with CSC had normal UDS findings; 8.8%, mild impairment; and 41.2%, significant abnormalities. Moreover, 67.1% of patients with ISC had normal UDS findings; 9.2%, mild impairment; and 23.7%, significant abnormalities (p =0.166). TCS was identified in 38.2% and 26.3% of patients with CSC and ISC, respectively (p =0.571). In patients with ISC, a significantly abnormal UDS finding indicated that the risk of TCS increased from 26.3% to 50% (odds ratio [OR], 4.2; p =0.009). Meanwhile, in patients with CSC, the risk was almost similar (OR, 0.8; p =0.8). Conclusions Even with the absence of subjective urinary symptoms, subclinical urologic impairments can be observed in a significant number of patients with ISC. An abnormal UDS finding can be a sign of underlying spinal cord tethering in a patient with ISC who is a candidate for corrective spine surgery even though it is an independent variant and is not exclusive to candidates for surgery. This finding has high clinical utility for neuro- and ortho-spine surgeons who aim to correct scoliosis (OR, 4.2; p =0.009).


The Zienkiewicz Weighted Residual Method produces a very general (three-parameter) four-time-level scheme for the numerical integration of vibration problems. This paper obtains the values of these parameters which minimize the incremental phase error and gives a general method for testing the stability and artificial damping with any other choice of the parameters.


Hemochromatosis is a known cause of osteoporosis, and iron overload has deleterious effects on bone. Although iron overload and its association with osteoporosis has long been recognized, the pathogenesis and exact role of iron have been undefined. Bone is an active tissue with constant remodeling capacity. Osteoblast (OB) development and maturation are under the influence of core binding factor α‐1 (CBF‐α1), which induces expression of OB‐specific genes, including alkaline phosphatase, an important enzyme in early osteogenesis, and osteocalcin, a noncollagenous protein deposited within the osteoid. This study investigates the mechanism by which iron inhibits human OB activity, which in vivo may lead to decreased mineralization, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. We demonstrate that iron‐provoked inhibition of OB activity is mediated by ferritin and its ferroxidase activity. We confirm this notion by using purified ferritin H‐chain and ceruloplasmin, both known to possess ferroxidase activity that inhibited calcification, whereas a site‐directed mutant of ferritin H‐chain lacking ferroxidase activity failed to provide any inhibition. Furthermore, we are reporting that such suppression is not restricted to inhibition of calcification, but OB‐specific genes such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and CBF‐α1 are all downregulated by ferritin in a dose‐responsive manner. This study corroborates that iron decreases mineralization and demonstrates that this suppression is provided by iron‐induced upregulation of ferritin. In addition, we conclude that inhibition of OB activity, mineralization, and specific gene expression is attributed to the ferroxidase activity of ferritin. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research


We derive the intensity and phase formulas of the two-, three-, and n-stage codirectional parallel-polarization degenerate two-wave mixing in photorefractive media. These formulas are valid for both the saturation and intermediate regime and can be used in investigating the problem of increasing the coherent optical gain by the multistage two- wave mixing technique.


Perfect governance structure of occupational pension is the key to preventing risks of pension fund and guaranteeing benefits of beneficiaries.In our country,decoupling of form of labor union has hampered the healthy development of occupational pension for it makes the occupational pension be lack of participating and supervising from workers.This article analyzes the functions of labor union in governing occupational pension and the reasons for decoupling of form of labor union,and puts forward some proposals to perfect governance structure of occupational pension from reforming labor union's perspective.


Reservoirs can lose up to 2 m of water per year from evaporation in warm countries. This case study reports results from a recent trial of an evaporative suppressant in Wichita Falls, Texas, that reduced evaporation on a 2,266 ha (5,600 ac) reservoir by 15 percent at a cost of approximately USD 0.11/m 3 (USD 140/acre-foot, or af) saved. There were no significant impacts on water quality. Although many mining operations want to increase evaporation (e.g., to reduce volumes in process water ponds), others want to minimize evaporation of expensive or scarce water necessary for operations. Monolayers offer a simple means of reducing evaporation. The powder — once distributed by automated floating hoppers or a team in a boat — spreads itself through ionic repulsion. Reductions in evaporation are noticeable within a few days. The product is environmentally benign. It has not been shown to foul machinery or affect water chemistry (Sovocool et al., 2014). The product's successful deployment on public drinking water reservoirs in the presence of a complex mix of stakeholders suggests that it could be used fairly easily by mining operators facing strong, although less-onerous, water quality regulations. Monolayers are not new (see Langmuir (1917); Sebba and Briscoe (1940); Laycock (1956); LaMer and Barnes (1962)), but their early use was slowed by cost and quality concerns. These concerns were addressed by Dr. Robert N. O'Brien, an Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at the University of Victoria (Canada), who invented an industrial process to produce HeatSavr (for pools) in 1985. WaterSavr TM has been produced by a similar process since the 1990s, but its adaption — even after approvals for use in the US by the NSF and EPA since 2002 and 2007, respectively — has been challenging. The reasons for this slowness are beyond the scope of this paper, but they probably reflect the combination of unfamiliarity with recent advances, a product that is only useful in water stressed conditions, and the natural caution of water managers. The product has nevertheless been used with


The present invention relates to a device (10) for holding a vein of the user to a predetermined position, the device (10) is: - at least two branch portions are separated by a gap of width greater than the size of the vein (105); and - means for positioning said branch portions around the vein (110) Equipped with a. In the above device is the subject of the present invention in some embodiments: - at least one means for heating the branch portion (115); and - means for controlling the heating means (120) Equipped with a. In some embodiments, the device that is the subject of the present invention is provided with means for cooling at least one of said branch portion (125), and configured control means to start the cooling means . .FIELD 1


Interlaced magnetic recording (IMR) enhanced with an array reader, named array reader-based IMR (ARIMR), has been introduced recently showing a tangible areal density capability gain over the conventional recording system. Joint read equalization is one of the key enablers to improve the bit-error-rate performance of the readback signals, which even shows potential for on-line processing of joint multi-track retrievals. However, the performance gain of ARIMR may not be guaranteed for the entire disk due to wide variations of the cross-track separation (CTS) between read sensors by the skew of the array and recording tracks. In order to mitigate the undesired skew effect in ARIMR, a novel joint multi-track equalization scheme is proposed in this paper with customized allocation of the array reader depending on the skew as well as the joint track center. Furthermore, individual readers in the array are not necessarily identical and their performance difference should be accounted for together with CTS for reader allocations. Therefore, the effective joint center of the target tracks is estimated in the proposed study to allocate the array reader for jointly accessing multiple tracks in ARIMR, even with undesired track mis-registration offsets. For performance evaluation, the proposed joint equalization with effective cross-track center allocation scheme is investigated by numerical ARIMR channel simulations with the micro-pixelated magnetic channel model. In the evaluation, varying CTS conditions are simulated to account for the skew impacts on ARIMR reading dual tracks and the corresponding effective cross-track center for placing the reader. Overall, off-track capability widths common for the two neighboring tracks can be evaluated for a broad range of array readers, which shows the feasibility of joint reading of dual tracks by ARIMR.


Irradiation effects of γ-radiation on the physical and electrical properties of polycarbonate (Makrofol-E( film has been studied to be able to investigate the dielectric response of irradiated polymers for a wide range of fluence and frequency. The dielectric constant (e') The loss tangent (tanδ), dielectric loss factor (e''), the a.c electrical conductivity (σ) and the relaxation time (τ), were measured in the frequency range from (40) Hz to (4) MHz. These samples were irradiated by means of γ-rays from 10 up to 200 KGy. The change in different properties as a function of absorbed dose was studied. Degradation of the polymers leading to amorphisation was observed by increasing the absorbed γ- dose. The induced changes in the electrical conductivity due to γ-rays irradiation of Makrofol-E provide a better method for γ -dose measurements. A semi-empirical equation was developed to use Makrofol-E as a dielectric dosimeter. Furthermore, Makrofol-E has much greater resistance to radiation damage; the attained results suggested strongly the applicability of Makrofol-E to be used in medical products applications.


Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive method for 3D and cross-sectional imaging of biological and non-biological objects. The OCT measurements are provided in non-contact and absolutely safe way for the tested sample. Nowadays, the OCT is widely applied in medical diagnosis especially in ophthalmology, as well as dermatology, oncology and many more. Despite of great progress in OCT measurements there are still a vast number of issues like tissue recognition or imaging contrast enhancement that have not been solved yet. Here we are going to present the polarization sensitive spectroscopic OCT system (PS-SOCT). The PS-SOCT combines the polarization sensitive analysis with time-frequency analysis. Unlike standard polarization sensitive OCT the PS-SOCT delivers spectral information about measured quantities e.g. tested object birefringence changes over the light spectra. This solution overcomes the limits of polarization sensitive analysis applied in standard PS-OCT. Based on spectral data obtained from PS-SOCT the exact value of birefringence can be calculated even for the objects that provide higher order of retardation. In this contribution the benefits of using the combination of time-frequency and polarization sensitive analysis are being expressed. Moreover, the PS-SOCT system features, as well as OCT measurement examples are presented.


Population ageing is one of the trends that have defi ned the development of advanced industrialized societies for already more than half a century. Not only is it increasing the ratio of the dependent to active population in the labour force, thus putting pensions systems of advanced industrialized countries under a great strain, but it is also causing an increase in the costs of health and elderly care services needed to accommodate growing demands of ageing population. At the same time, advanced industrialized societies face the demands to maintain suffi cient levels of spending on child care and education in order to support the demographic reproduction (Esping Anderson 2005b), do more to increase labour force participation among women and the younger population, and deal with the consequences of declining industrial Population Ageing and Distributive Conflicts: Age Distributive Divisions in Western Europe


Objective To understand the implementation of New Rural Cooperative Medicine(NRCM)in Hunan Province carried out in Miluo City.Methods Qualitative study was combined with secondary data collection.Results Government in Miluo took initatives to organize NRCM and financed it with the NRCM Funds;each peasant could enjoy NRCM by paying only 10 yuan,and the NRCM participation rate reached 73.6%;currently reimbursement mainly focused on hospitalization,lowest-payment for seeking care,and reimbursement proportion varied in health facilities at different levels;the health facilities and peasants benefited a lot from NRCM.Conclusions The NRCM participation is increasing,funds allocated properly,peasants welcoming it.Further measures for NRCM improvement may include allocating more funds,perfecting reimbursement procedures.Besides,the NRCM for some population like persons without children or suffering severe disease awaits solution.


Finland is currently undergoing a major reform of social and health care, one aim of which, is to reduce inequalities between different population groups in access to care. Previous studies showed that Finnish Roma minority are more likely to experience unjust treatment in health services and other public services in comparison to other minorities in Finland. Unjust treatment may influence health behaviors, including the use of health services, by decreasing trust towards health professionals as well as decreasing social, emotional, and physical resources. This study examined the association between experienced unjust treatment in public services and self-assessed unmet need for health care among Roma in Finland.

 We used data from the Roma health and wellbeing study (Roosa), conducted in Finland (2017-2018). The data was collected by the snowball method in different areas of Finland including a health examination and a structured interview. It covers 365 adults, and of those 223 (61.1%) were women. The outcome measure for unmet health care need was based on the question: "Do you feel that you have adequately received primary care services during the past 12 months?" Logistic regression was used to test the association between unjust treatment and unmet need for health care. Potential confounders were gender, age, marital status, education, employment and self-estimated health.

 The prevalence of unmet need for health care was 37.8 percent among men and 43.7 percent among women. Those who experienced unjust treatment in public services had higher odds (OR = 6.23; p < 0,001) for unmet need for health care than those who felt treated just. This association remained after adjustments for the confounders.

 Over every third of the Finnish Roma experienced unmet need for health care. Unjust treatment seems to be a significant risk factor in access to care among Finnish Roma and its role needs further studies.

 Unjust treatment in public services is an indirect indicator of systematic and/or institutional discrimination. It is important to study the extent, nature and consequences of unjust treatment and discrimination to allow vulnerable groups to be taken into account better when renewing health services.


In general, bullying has negative effects on victims, including increased anxiety, decreased self-esteem, self-distrust and depression. These things will affect to the concentration of student learning which ultimately leads to decrease learning achievement and more risk of suicide in adolescents. Therefore, developing the resilience of youth victims of bullying is needed to provide therapeutic coping to avoid these adverse effects.  This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Spiritual-based psychoeducation therapy on the Level of Resilience of Youth Victims of Bullying. This is quasy experimental pre-post test research with total sampling. The sample is high school students who have experienced bullying in the past month, are physically healthy, and have no disabilities. The sample of this study was 50 and has been divided into two groups, namely the intervention group and the control group. This research used questionnaire's ability of resilience in adolescents by Gail M wagnild and Heather M. Young. The results showed a significant effect of psychoeducation spiritual therapy on the level of adolescent resilience (p-value is 0.000 by Kolmogorov Smirnov). Schools need to consider this therapy as a choice to be applied to student victims of bullying.


The invention relates to a (AWA) method for removing heavy metals from MSW incineration ashes. It is performed in aqueous medium and comprises a carbonation injection CO {sub, 2}, in which a free ash lime and a solution of HCO is obtained {sub, 3} {sup, -}. These latter were decarbonated by applying vacuum and heat causing the release of CO {sub, 2} and precipitation of lime as CaCO {sub, 3} precipitate which is calcined to obtain CaO and CO {sub, 2}. The ash which is free of lime carbonation step, acidified with HClO first and then aqua regia. It oxidizes the organic matter and heavy metals are completely dissolved to form chlorides. Finally, this solution is treated by electrodialysis reversal, yielding a high concentration of heavy metal salts such as hydroxides, demineralized water, H {sub, 2} and {Cl sub, 2} gas.


The paper presents a comparison between four different design strategies with the aim to improve the efficiency of three-phase induction motors: substitution of die-caste copper cage for aluminium cage with standard and "premium" electrical steels; design optimisation of copper cage motor by changing the stator winding and the stack length only; design optimisation of copper cage motor by changing the stator winding, the stack length and the stator and rotor slot shapes. The comparison is based on the actual efficiency improvements, the arrangement of the motors respect to the European Classification Scheme (EC/CEMEP), the contribution of each material and innovative technology. The results concern with 4 pole, 50 Hz, 400 V, TEFC, 3 and 15 kW induction motors.


Objective To investigate the anti-virus effects of Lentinus C91-3 fermentative liquid.Method Lentinus C91-3 fermentative liquid was diluted by NS in different groups and mixed with Parainfluenza virus and Newcastle disease virus respectively.The inhibitory effects of Lentinus C91-3 fermentative liquid on the hemadsorption of Parainfluenza virus and Newcastle disease virus were observed.Result Lentinus C91-3 fermentative liquid obviously inhibited the hemadsorption of Parainfluenza virus and Newcastle disease virus.Conclusion Lentinus C91-3 fermentative liquid have significant anti-virus effects.


By methods of literature reviews,mathematical statistics and interviews with experts,this paper makes an analysis on the events setting, operation model and prospects of development of 98 teenagers' sports clubs in Beijing. It is discovered that currently track and field,basketball are the major events and that the main operation pattern depends on school activities with various other operational patterns available. It is pointed out that the development of teenagers' sport clubs should insist on both the principles of social welfare and the operation of marketing, and promote more exchange programs with those high-class sports clubs home and abroad so as to establish the kind of teenagers' sports clubs with Chinese characteristics.


To explore the actors of winning in synchronized diving is an important part of grasping the essence of the event.The paper studies Chinese elite synchronized diving athletes by methods of match observation,live tracking,and images of sport training.The result shows that synchronism of movements has great impact on the results besides difficulty and quality of athletes' movements.Main elements affecting synchronism include body shape,technique level,technique style,psychological quality,physical ability and cooperation of the two athletes.Synchronism training of this event requires good match,orderly training and stable performance in competitions.


The relationship between stock prices and financial ratios of the listed companies has been analyzed in differnet contexts - the studies are carried out on companies in different sectors with different financial ratios at different periods. Therefore, as market conditions change so rapidly, there is a need to resume research on this topic. There were selected ratios from the each financial ratios group that may have a relationship with the stock prices. The analysis was implemented by using the data of Lithuanian milk processing companies listed on the Baltic stock exchange over the period from 2010 to 2017. Correlation analysis was performed to determine which financial ratios influence the stock prices. The statistical significance of the relationship between the stock prices and the fixed asset turnover and absolute short-term solvency (the increase of the fixed assets turnover and absolute short-term solvency ratios decrease the stock prices). Spirmen correlation coefficient was calculated for each company individually. The results of the correlation analysis were based on a statistically significant linear multivariate regression model, which describes how the stock prices depend on the fixed asset turnover and short-term solvency ratios: the higher turnover of the fixed assets and short-term solvency ratios – the lower stock prices.


Status of the "OKA"project: the experimental program with RF-separated K ± beam at U-70 Protvino, Russia, is presented. The early history of the pro ject, current stutus of the beam-line and experimental facility are shortly described. Some results (mostly technical) from recent (April 2009) run are reported. Near-term plans and possible directions of the physical program are briefly discussed.


The territory of the European part of the Volga-Ural Region (918 462 km2) has been surveyed by the author and colleagues in 1988-2007. A total of 452 nesting territories of the Peregrines were found, projecting a total of 900-1000 pairs for the region. Biologically the territory of the region is divided into 4 zones: the Ural Mountains forested plains, forest-steppe and steppe. The largest part of the breeding territories (72,1%) is located in the mountains and in foothills of the Urals, where the Peregrines are breeding exclusively on cliffs along rivers and lakes. A total of 37 nests (22,7%) were found in the taiga forest plains west of the Urals. There, 54,1% of the nests were located on the moss tussocks and raised humps amongst bogs, 27% in other raptor species nests on trees and on triangulation towers and 8,1% on river precipices. The remaining 4,4% of known nest sites were found in the forest-steppe east from the Urals. Cliff breeding (72,7% of the nests) dominates in this part of the region. The remaining nests were found mostly in the other raptor species nests.


Fuel Moisture Content (FMC) and leaf biochemical compounds are parameters used to determine forest ignition and can be obtained by the use of different methods, included optical and chemical techniques. Chemical techniques require approximately 20 hours to determine forest fuel chemical compounds and FMC. In contrast, optical techniques need a few minutes to know the FMC. However, with this is not possible to determine the chemical compounds without a previous treatment. PROSPECT is a radiative transfer model technique to describe reflectance and transmittance of leaves. Using visual and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy, the specific absorption coefficient of leaf extract is obtained. This is used as a parameter for invert PROSPECT model and quantify resins, oils and waxes which constitute forest fuel. This research will give the basis for remote Vis-NIR spectroscopy using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for a dynamical ignition parameters acquisition.


Investigators concluded ixazomib "may offer a more convenient, active, and well-tolerated alternative to a parenterally administered PI in this setting."


On the average, there were about 14 storms per storm season (June-November inclusive) in southern Beaufort Sea. October has the highest storm frequency, whereas July has the lowest. Overall, 58% of the storms originate in the Arctic, and 27% in the Pacific (Hudak and Young, 2002). In addition, studies suggest that there is a strong connection between storm intensity and coastal erosion rates (Solomon et al., 1993). Therefore, better understanding of severe arctic storms is of great interest to coastal communities along Beaufort Sea coastal areas. In this study, a coupled regional climate model is implemented in the Canadian Arctic region. Two Arctic storms are simulated with this coupled regional climate model. The first one originated in the Pacific in September 20, 1993 and moved northeastward into the Beaufort Sea. Its lowest central pressure was reached when the storm passed over Tuktoyaktuk, with high winds developing rapidly and veering from the southeast to the west. Winds over 70km/h continued for 11 hours and peaked at 96km/h. The second storm originated in the Chukchi Sea during August 9-11, 2000. Its low pressure system reached a minimum central pressure of 994hPa as it moved rapidly into Beaufort Sea.


In the study an extension of the Bubnov-Galerkin method in terms of the equivalent linearization method is presented. It is combined with sequential linearization and nonlinear procedure to yield a new method for solving nonlinear equations which can improve the accuracy when the nonlinearity is strong. For illustration the Duffing oscillator is considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


In order to fulfil sets of similar user requirements within a specific application domain, one typically uses software product line engineering. In this paper, we investigate the nature of implementations of concerns, specific to software product line engineering. Based on these investigations, we present an approach that allows a modular specification and composition of concerns, with the purpose of constructing concrete variants of a software product line. The approach uses concepts from generic and aspect-oriented programming, and adapts them to the requirements imposed by software product line engineering.


HIV/AIDS remains a global health challenge requiring more investment in prevention. Vaginal microbicides are antiretroviral drug-based products intended to be locally administered in order to prevent HIV transmission at the mucosal level [1]. So far, only a tenofovir (TFV) gel and a dapivirine (DPV) ring were shown safe and able to reduce HIV acquisition by women in clinical trials [2,3]. However, protection from infection was only modest: reduction in overall HIV incidence ranged between 27% for the ring and 39% in the case of the gel. Failure to completely prevent viral transmission was largely associated with erratic adherence and/or product misuse, which led to poor genital pharmacokinetics (PK). Indeed, the relationship between local PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) has been fairly well established for TFV and DPV [4,5]. Although threshold drug concentrations conferring full protection may be difficult to define, it seems apparent that higher drug levels are associated with lower risk of infection. For instance, cervicovaginal fluid concentrations of TFV of at least 1000 ng/mL have been associated with 76% risk reduction, but dropped to 65% when the lower limit was set at 100 ng/mL [5]. This increasing evidence of the role of PK/PD in defining the efficacy of microbicides seems to justify research into novel strategies that are able to improve drug distribution and retention in the vagina. The application of nanotechnology principles in the design of microbicides has been explored over recent years [6]. Potentially advantageous features include the ability to improve drug solubility, control drug release, protect labile active compounds, affect drug safety and activity, enhance genital drug distribution and retention, and optimize the interaction of drugs with HIV and/or particular cell populations. Nanomicrobicidesmay be conveniently classified as nanosystemswith inherent activity or nanocarriers for activemolecules. Dendrimers are particularly relevant in the case of the former and have been extensively studied [7]. As for drug nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are in the forefront, mainly for the delivery of potent antiretroviral drug candidates. In different cases, animal studies have been able to show that the association of drugs to NPs can enhance genital PK [8] or even protect against vaginal HIV transmission [9]. Despite all efforts made so far, important issues remain to be addressed, namely the design of platforms that allow suitable administration of microbicide nanosystems. Natural candidate dosage forms include those previously used for microbicide drug delivery. Gels are in the forefront but technical problems, namely related with premature drug release from nanocarriers, and user-related issues (e.g. vaginal leakage and discomfort) may restrain their usefulness. Such limitations could be overcome by solid systems such as rings and tablets but concerns exist regarding suitable incorporation and release of nanosystems. Polymer-based thin films have also been considered for the vaginal administration of various microbicide drugs [10] and could serve the purpose of delivering nanosystems. We hereby discuss relevant features and potential of films to incorporate and aid in the vaginal delivery of promising antiretroviral drug-loaded NPs, further referred to as NPs-in-films.


While downsizing has become an increasingly popular organizational tool in the achievement and/or maintenance of competitiveness the negative side effect known as survivor syndrome continues to plague many post‐downsizing organizations. This article series examines the full spectrum of research with the goal of producing a model. The model is based upon the problems survivors' experienced and modeled after the realistic job preview. The realistic downsizing preview (RDP), which can be effectively used before the downsizing, is implemented to prevent survivor syndrome. This two‐part article is an exploratory study intended to produce an instrument, the RDP. This will be tested utilizing a cross case study analysis of nine major North American organizations. The first part re‐introduces the RDP then concentrates on the methods of data collection and initial presentation of results from the nine case studies that were used to develop and refine the model.


This research aims to explore the perceptions of health care professionals about the use of telemedicine which took place in Banguntapan 2 primary health care. This study was part of a bigger action research study and was done to obtain an understanding of the telemedicine service as the first step of the diagnosing phase. The respondents are the chief of primary health care, the coordinator of individual health initiatives as well and the coordinator for the appointment program. The selected healthcare professionals were chosen to obtain the telemedicine best-practice in healthcare facilities and to serve as the data triangulation to avoid bias in the answers collected. The result of the interviews revealed four topics: i) the use of telemedicine in minimizing direct contact with the patient; ii) the need to expand the existing system; iii) the utilization of WhatsApp, a popular online platform in the community; and iv) the possibility to merge with the existing online system of national health insurance (JKN) and digital government service (DGS). Some recommendations to improve are to implement a one-stop messaging service, optimization of WhatsApp, and bridge the appointment system to the existing regional DGS.