More and more technologies of Chinese universities have acquired the intellectual properties such as patents from laws and it is believed to be helpful to promote the technology transfer and diffusion of Chinese universities. But this article challenges the traditional beliefs and viewpoints. Because the technology innovation has the characteristic of 'accumulation' and 'complement' and the characteristic of scientific basics of the universities' technology, the strengths of protecting the universities' intellectual properties may hinder the diffusion of the universities' technology. The study builds a theoretical model and finds that the increasing of universities' patents will add the sequential innovation cost to firms and constrain the firms' 'accumulation innovation' activities. The model also finds that the broader of the range of the patents from the universities will hinder the firms' innovation and decrease the number of the firms which can form the complementary effect of the technology originated from universities. Using data from 2000 to 2009 in China, this article empirically analyzes their relationship between the number of universities' patents and of the firms, and testifies the results of the theoretical analysis.In the end, this article suggests the technologies of the universities funded by public support should return the public domain.


Introduction: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) greatly affected material science by empowering the estimation of a great number of physical and chemical properties. These techniques have permitted clarification of endothermic and exothermic processes at temperatures going from low (-120°C) to high (DSC 600°C and DTA 1800°C). Aim: To differentiate between spray dried and freeze dried cow and camel milk powder using DSC technique. Method: Both cow milk and camel milk were processed into spray dried and freeze dried powder. DSC was used differentiate between the types of drying: spray drying and freeze drying and to compare between the chemical components of the samples using enthalpy change (ΔH) measurements. Results: The results show that show that there was a clear difference in peak 1 (fat), peak (2 and 3) (protein), and peak 4 (lactose), that means that there were really clear differences between freeze-dried Camel's milk (FDC) and freeze-dried cow's milk (FDW) cow's milk powder. Obvious changes in enthalpy of the contents of protein, fat and lactose of the various samples iindicates that the type of drying affected the composition of milk powder. Conclusion: DSC could be could be effectively used to differentiate between the freeze-dried camel's milk (FDC) and freeze-dried cow's milk (FDW) cow's milk powder with respect to their chemical components. In addition, the type of drying affected the composition of milk especially the cow's milk.


Rice seeds were carried by recoverable satellite to an
altitude of 218~326 Km. After recov-ery the seeds were sowed on the earth so as to observe
the character performance of the SP1,SP2 gen-erations and degree of correlation between the
iundividual plants of the SP3 and the average values of the characters of the SP4 generation.
The preliminary results indicated that some changes were ob-served during the mid- late
developing period of the SP1 generation,but the main characters didn't show significant
difference from the control.The 10 main agronomic and economic characters of the SP2
generation changed with great range and coefficient of variability.Strong broad-spectrum
segre-gation and high variation frequency appeared; mutation of character variation was
bidirectional.A few characters appeared as deflective distribution and developed in the
direction of multi-directional increase. Some beneficial special mutants were observed among
the individual plants.The individual plants of the SP3 generation were obviously correlated with
the SP4 generation in the average character values of the main economic characters.So it may
be considered that the variation of rice seeds induced by the space conditions is heritable to the
offsprings.Therefore,it can be used as a new method for mutagenic seed breeding.


Objective:To explore the methods for reducing blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy for multiple hysteromyoma.Methods:From 2010 to 2011,60 patients with a diagnosis of uterine multiple myoma underwent laparoscopic myomectomy.They were divided into two groups,patients in group A were performed traditionary laparoscopic myomectomy with oxytocin,while laparoscopic myomectomy with oxytocin were performed following isthmus uteri being clamped by tourniquets and titanium clippers in group B,hysteromyoma was resected after most blood supply was reduced.The data of the two groups including the blood loss,the mean operative time,the blood transfusion,the recovery time of gastrointestinal function,and the hospital stay were comparatively analyzed.Results:Patients in group B were of less blood loss,shorter operative time and hospital stay(P0.05).None of patients in group B underwent blood transfusion.Conclusions:Laparoscopic myomectomy for multiple hysteromyoma can be performed easily and effectively following isthmus uteri being clamped by tourniquet and titanium clip.It can decrease blood loss obviously during operation,improve operation effectiveness and should be popularized.


As the discipline's overlapping and integration in the world today,the modern higher education is changing enormously,it takes great changes of Teaching buildings' s design as the changes about teaching ideas and system,In the traditional sense,the communication space design is currently an important consideration in university building design,the changges lead to changes in the construction of the communication space in the expertise group building, This article embarks from the discipline overlapping and integration,Analysis the characteristics and design strategy about the communication space in the expertise group building,provide the reference for the construction of the communication space in the expertise group building in the future.


Surrogacy contract is a contract of service, which subject is intangible services. For such contracts cannot be guaranteed advance precisely those consequences, which was aimed at the will of persons entering into this contract. Therefore it is important to clearly define all the conditions in the contract. The contract contains risks that cannot be excluded from a medical point of view, but is possible to provide and specify the consequences of their approach from a legal standpoint. The article analyzes the contract of surrogacy conditions. Consideration of categories of these conditions allows you to select the circle bases onset of civil responsibility. It was considered grounds of civil liability for each of the parties to the contract. The author concludes that the surrogacy contract must be set in advance of the parties responsible for non-compliance or inadequate compliance with the terms of the contract. The contract surrogate motherhood in any case should not infringe on rights and interests of a child. Moreover, it should strongly contribute to the realization of subjective rights and protected by law interests.


Dry yellow peas, lentils, and faba beans were germinated under laboratory conditions. Periodic rinsing with water at 2-hr intervals was effective in controlling microbial growth. Marked increase in ascorbic acid of the legumes was observed during germination. Amino acid contents did not change appreciably after 4day germination. Wheat flour blends containing ungerminated and germinated legume flours at 5, 10, and 15% levels were used in baking studies. Addition of 15% legume flours to bread resulted in only small deleterious effects on loaf volume, crumb grain, and flavor. Germination adversely affected the baking properties of peas and lentils, but not faba beans. Blanching of the germinated peas further impaired its baking properties.


This report was prepared in conjunction with Research Initiative No. 1 of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA). It is being distributed as an aid to research. The report consists of a review of a body of literature focused on the issue of spatial database accuracy. The error taxonomy developed in the report organizes different dimensions of accuracy into a practical, user-oriented structure that reflects the interests of those conducting both pure and applied research. A less-detailed discussion of this same body of literature is provided in NCGIA Technical Paper 89-9.


Scleroderma is a chronic disease of unknown aetiology, consisting of two distinct clinical entities: systemic sclerosis (SSc) and localised scleroderma (LSc or morphea) [1]. SSc affects the skin and various internal organs, whereas LSc exclusively involves the skin and its underlying tissues. Consistent with a difference in disease process, SSc/LSc overlap is relatively rare [2, 3]. We report herein a unique case of SSc complicated with LSc following fracture surgery.A 69-year-old Japanese woman [...]


As the name implies, an isomorphy has the same shape or pattern-of-organization in every situation in which it occurs, whether it is at the molecular level, the geologic level, or the ecological level. At each of these levels, the isomorphy is composed of different things. At the molecular level, it would be composed of molecules. At the geologic level it might be composed of landforms, and at the ecological level, it could be composed of plant and animal communities as they vary across the landscape.


Chapter 1 Introduction , . 1.1 Statement of Problem 1.2 Objectives of Research 1.3 Technology Scope of Research Chapter 2 Background 2.1 The Electrokinetic Process 2.1.1 The Electric Double Layer 2.1.2 Electroosmosis 2.1.3 Electrophoresis 2.1.4 E,Jeetrolytic Migration and Electrolysis 2.2 E1lgineering Applications of Electr~kinetic Flow Proc~es 2.2.1 Geotechnical Engineering Applications 2.22 Environmental Engineering Applications 2.3 Historical Development of Electrokinetics 2.4 Theoretical Development Chapter 3 Methodology and Approach-Background Electrokinetic Testing 3.


The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy prepared by lost foam casting(LFC) and various heat treatments have been investigated.The microstructure of the AZ91 alloy via LFC consists of dominant α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12 as well as a new phase Al32 Mn25 with size of about 5-50 μm,which has not been detected in AZ91 alloy prepared by other casting processes.The tests demonstrate that the as-cast mechanical properties are higher than those of sand gravity casting because of chilling and cushioning effect of foam pattern during the mould filling.The solution kinetics and the aging processes at different temperatures were also investigated by hardness and electrical resistivity measurements.The kinetics of aging are faster at the high temperature due to enhanced diffusion of atoms in the matrix,so the hardness peak at 380 ℃ occurs after 10 h;while at the lower aging temperature(150 ℃),the peak is not reached in the time(24 h) considered.


Collections of munnopsid isopods of the BIOICE (Benthic Invertebrates of Ice− landic Waters; 1991–2004) and the IceAGE1 (Icelandic Marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology; since 2011) expeditions included ten species of the genus Eurycope G.O. Sars, 1864, thereof are two species new to science. Thus, the descriptions of the two new species are presented herein. Eurycope elianae sp. n. is distinguished from the other species of the genus mainly by two long, slightly robust, simple setae on the tip of the rostrum in combina− tion with the size and shape of the rostrum itself. E elianae sp. n. shares the presence of two long, slightly robust, simple seta on the tip of the rostrum with E. tumidicarpus. The shape of the rostrum itself is more similar to E. inermis and species of the E. complanata complex. E. aculeata sp. n. is characterized by possessing dorsomedial acute projections on pereo− nites 5–7, which is unusual for the genus. E. aculeata sp. n. is most similar to E. cornuta. Both new species are, so far, known only from localities south of the Greenland−Scotland Ridge.


The invention relates to an aramid fiber and glass fiber mixedly woven cloth, which comprises a warp-wise fiber bundle (1) and a weft-wise fiber bundle (2), wherein the warp-wise fiber bundle (1) is aramid fibers (or glass fibers), and the weft-wise fiber bundle (2) is glass fibers (or aramid fibers), and the aramid fibers and the glass fibers are successively overlapped and arranged in a cross interleaving manner. By adopting the structure of the aramid fiber and glass fiber mixedly woven cloth provided by the invention, the problems that unitary glass reinforced plastic products in the past only have rigidity without flexibility and are not impact-resistant are solved, so that the strength can be substantially increased, and the weight can be substantially reduced, and the fire-proof, heat insulation and anti-puncture performance is also improved to a small degree.


In the presence of H2O and O2, the dissociation products of SF6 will decompose to form several main stable byproducts (i.e. SOF2, SOF4 and SO2F2) in an electrical discharge. These byproducts are chemically active and have been shown experimentally to be associated with discharge faults. However, the relationships between the discharges and types of decomposition components are still not clear, mainly due to the fact that the complex chemical processes during SF6 discharges are not fully understood. In order to comprehensively investigate the decomposition of SF6, an approach combining density functional theory (DFT) and transition state theory (TST) was used to study the pathways of SF6 decomposition in mixtures with H2O and O2 that involve electrically-neutral species. The complex chemical reactions were analyzed, and the corresponding rate constants were predicted. The structural optimizations, vibrational frequency calculations and zero-point energy calculations of the species involved in each chemical reaction considered were carried out using the DFT-B3LYP method. Single-point energies were calculated using the CCSD(T) method. Based on the energy information obtained, the rate constants were predicted by TST, over a large temperature range, from 300 to 12 000 K.


In the course of our screening for neuroprotective agents, a new compound (1) was isolated together with a known compound, caruilignan C (2), from the fruiting body of Daldinia concentrica. Their structures were determined on the basis of various spectral studies. Both compounds exhibited neuroprotective effect against iron-induced neurodegeneration in a primary culture of mouse cortical neurons.


A research trial was conducted at the New Developmental Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan, during 2008-2009. Two wheat varieties were sown on 1 st December 2008 at the seed rate of 100 kg ha 1 . Urea, DAP and elemental sulphur were used as sources for Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Sulphur (S), respectively. Treatments were: Factor-A: Varieties (V), i.e., V1 = Pirsabak-2005, V2 = Ghaznavi-98, Factor-B: N and S application (kg ha -1 ), i.e., T1 (80 kg N at sowing), T2 (140 kg N at sowing, T3 (80 kg N at sowing and anthesis: 40+40 kg), T4 (140 kg N at sowing and anthesis:100+40 kg), T5 (80 kg N at sowing + 20 kg S at stem extension:), T6 (140 kg N at sowing + 20 kg S at stem extension), T7 (80 kg N at sowing + 20 kg S at anthesis), T8 (140 kg N at sowing + 20 kg S at anthesis). The experiment was set in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Applications of 140 kg N ha -1 at sowing alongside applications of 20 kg S ha -1 at anthesis was helpful in increasing grain yields in both varieties. It was therefore recommended that foliar S should be included as an important input, alongside N, in the production technology of both Pirsabak-2005 and Ghaznavi-98 varieties of the wheat crop which are being cultivated in the Peshawar region of Pakistan.


We extend our previous analysis of $t\bar t H, t\bar t Z, t\bar b W$ production in $e^+e^-$ collisions within the CSM (Composite Standard Model) concept of Higgs boson and top quark compositeness to the case of gluon-gluon and photon-photon collisions. We show that remarkable differences may indeed appear between the effects generated by CSM conserving and by CSM violating sets of form factors.


Exploring the Relationship Between Academic Knowledge and Practice in Landscape Architecture By: William N. Langley Advisor: University of Guelph, 2015 Robert Corry Academic knowledge serves specific functions within a profession, and can affect the relationship between a profession and its work. Due to a reliance on other disciplines, a specialized body of knowledge within landscape architecture is difficult to identify. Is there a specialized body of knowledge in landscape architecture, and if so, what is it? A mixed methods strategy was used where data from two pre-existing self-administered surveys, university curricula, and two comprehensive review articles published in 'Landscape Journal' were gathered to identify knowledge domains through content analysis. The results were analyzed to identify a specialized body of knowledge. Only two out of ten knowledge domains were consistently identified within each data set design and natural. Each knowledge domain's importance also changed depending on the perspective used, as well as over time. These results highlight the importance of academic knowledge to landscape architecture and its ability to conduct work.


NASA Tech Briefs, September 2010 in the dispersion plane. It is redirected in much the same way as with a flat mirror. However, in the sagittal plane light gets redirected in a manner similar to a cylindrical mirror. It exhibits focusing with the focal length only defined by the curvature of the grooves, the incident wavelength, and the grating period. Because of this, one single diffraction grating can exhibit two dispersal patterns. It disperses light just like a regular flat diffraction grating, while at the same time focusing (or de-focusing) diffracted light onto a perpendicular plane. This focusing generates less aberrations than a mirror would. Non-trivial property of this device is that its focal length for a fixed wavelength does not depend on the incident angle, even if the angle is extremely non-paraxial. This work was done by Dmitri Iazikov, Thomas W. Mossberg, and Christoph M. Greiner of Goddard Space Flight Center. Further information is contained in a TSP (see page 1). GSC-15680-1


With the globalization of financial market and complexity of the business circumstances, information disclosure has been the important measures for control the risks of financial derivatives in the world. On the basis of foreign and domestic studies, this paper proposes that standardizing information disclosure of qualitative and quantitative and strengthening inter-relation between them should help to improve the transparency of information disclosure for financial derivatives.


The purpose of this study is to explore the question of how similar or how different are equivalence scales of selected countries in the Asia-Pacific region. In particular, the article investigates whether equivalence scales for Australia, the Philippines and Thailand are comparable. That the Philippines and Thailand are two countries which are strikingly similar in their levels of socioeconomic development suggests the possibility that the relative income needs of households of different sizes in these countries are similar. In contrast, Australia is seen as an industrialised nation unlikely to have scales similar to the two other countries.The comparability problem is addressed via the widely used Engel estimation methodology applied to similarly selected samples and a common model specification. It is found that the level of agreement between the country-specific scales is highly dependent on what 'basket of necessities' is used as an indicator of welfare. An interesting outcome that may well be of useful empirical significance is that with necessities defined to include food, clothing, and housing (and possibly, medical care as well), the equivalence scales for the Philippines, Thailand and Australia are more or less invariant; no such regularity exists if the definition of necessities is confined to food alone. Copyright 1996 The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research.


Building large and complex systems in one step (the 'big bang' approach) is a very challenging task, given that humans can only deal with a limited measure of complexity at a time. A more practical approach would be to build such systems incrementally, i.e. iteratively increment an incomplete version of the system under construction until the system is completed. In software engineering, there are such approaches, but they are generally top-down, and not component-based. In this paper we present a component-based approach, which is bottom-up, and demonstrate its feasibility by applying it to the CoCoME example.


We studied about the melting point of cacao butter by treating with different temperature and gained the results as follows.1. Different melting point of cacao butter was observed by the different cooling condition, and the melting point rose upward by the storage for long period. Only one day storage at 25°C gave melting point of 32°C or 33°C.2. When the crystallized cacao butter was repeated, higher melting point than the untreated, was quickly attained. For instance, by the reheat treatment at 15°C for one hour or at 25°C for one hour gave melting point only 1°C lower than the highest melting point. Moreover as the another condition, by cooling at -50°C for one hour and then by reheating at 29°C for 5 hours, it showed the highest melting point, this was unchanged. From these evidences it was found that the maximum melting point is to be given quickly by reheating above 25°C.3. It was convinced that a good result is to obtain by cooling and then reheating the bitter chocolate, or by adding 10% of stable crystalized cacao butter, and this was also proved through the graphical analysis of temperature gradient of cooling curve.4. If tempering tangent of the cooling curve shows the value of near 1.0 or below 1.0, this molten chocolate is to be assumed that this was tempered under the good conditions, it was found.


Nano-sized drones, with palm-sized form factor, are gaining relevance in the Internet-of-Things ecosystem. Achieving a high degree of autonomy for complex multi-objective missions (e.g., safe flight, exploration, object detection) is extremely challenging for the onboard chip-set due to tight size, payload (< 10g), and power envelope constraints, which strictly limit both memory and computation. Our work addresses this complex problem by combining bio-inspired navigation policies, which rely on time-of-flight distance sensor data, with a vision-based convolutional neural network (CNN) for object detection. Our field-proven nano-drone is equipped with two microcontroller units (MCUs), a single-core ARM Cortex-M4 (STM32) for safe navigation and exploration policies, and a parallel ultra-low power octa-core RISC-V (GAP8) for onboard CNN inference, with a power envelope of just 134 mW, including image sensors and external memories. The object detection task achieves a mean average precision of 50% (at 1.6 frame/s) on an in-field collected dataset. We compare four bio-inspired exploration policies and identify a pseudo-random policy to achieve the highest coverage area of 83% in a ~36 m2unknown room in a 3 minutes flight. By combining the detection CNN and the exploration policy, we show an average detection rate of 90 % on six target objects in a never-seen-before environment.


Controversy has arisen over the results of, among other studies, clinical trials of clazosentan in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).1–3 In a double-blind, dose-finding study, where patients were randomized to placebo or 1 of 3 doses of clazosentan, the drug significantly reduced angiographic vasospasm (aVSP) as assessed by independent, blinded review of angiograms done on all patients. There was no effect on 90-day outcome on the extended Glasgow outcome scale.1 The study was not powered to detect a difference in 90-day clinical outcome. In 2 phase 3 studies, clazosentan was associated with a trend toward or with a significant reduction in aVSP-related morbidity but again no effect on clinical outcome at 90 days.2,3 This led to the suggestion that reducing aVSP does not improve outcome after aneurysmal SAH because aVSP is an epiphenomenon or marker of other processes that are the true causes of poor outcome, an idea that has been around for ≤35 years.4,5 The other processes that are postulated to cause poor outcome include early brain injury, microthromboemboli, and cortical spreading ischemia (Figure).6–8 Whether aVSP is an epiphenomenon, the clazosentan trials are consistent with meta-analysis of clinical trials of drugs to improve outcome after SAH, which found that drug treatment significantly reduced aVSP, but that there was only a statistically insignificant trend toward improvement in clinical outcome.5 Other hypotheses to explain this disconnection include (1) rescue therapy, which in many studies was used more frequently in the placebo groups, improves outcome in the placebo groups to the same extent as the drug treatment in the drug treatment groups, (2) drug side effects counterbalance any benefit, (3) the sample sizes of the trials were too small, and (4) the outcome measure was too crude to measure the …


Based on Standard Literature Library of CNKI, opportunities for technical standards development are identified. The initial keywords of technical standard are determined based on LDA model, whose similar keywords are further confirmed by Word2Vec, and then combining LDA model with Word2Vec the representative keywords of technical standard of manufacturing industry are determined. According to confirmed representative keywords, the core technical standards of manufacturing industry are identified by using the center degree and "M-core" method. The dimensions of the frequency square matrix are reduced by using the PCA module of Python, and the scatter plot is brawn, the technology gaps are identified by combing the consideration on the core technical standards, and then the future development opportunities are confirmed based on the map of patent technology effect matrix.


The orientation relationship (OR) between Al matrix and several typical inclusions, Al_2O_3, MgO, AlN, TiB_2, and AlB_2, in Al alloy have been studied by edge-to-edge matching model and refined with Δ g theory. Based on the calculation of interatomic spacing misfit and interplanar spacing misfit, the number of ORs between Al and Al_2O_3, MgO, AlN, TiB_2, AlB_2 were predicted to be 1, 7, 2, 2, and 2, respectively. The result reveals that the wettability of Al to the studied inclusions could rank as MgO, AlB_2, TiB_2, AlN, Al_2O_3 in the order of decreasing, and the removability of those particles from aluminum melt rank in an opposite way from the perspectives of crystallography features of interfacial energy. Moreover, Al_2O_3 have a higher sensitivity to the performance of a processed aluminum alloy component than other inclusions, and MgO has the minimal impact, when the studied inclusions were residual in aluminum alloy.


This paper presents a new shading approach for ETFE-membrane cushions. Due to the high visible transmission of an ETFE-foil (one layer transparent ETFE foil ≈ 92% @ 200μm) the risk of overheating and glare effect in the summer is very high. Therefore, a new angle-selective shading system blocks off direct sunlight but diffuse sunlight can enter the building. Especially, this measure means a reduction of the cooling energy loads and should improve the thermaland visual comfort. In this paper we focus on the visual comfort of the daylight factor, brightness and glare effect through the new 3D-foil.


The failure criterion for orthotropic materials as wood is presented. Using Tsai and Wu criterion the failure criterion for wood is derived under plane stress conditions ignoring the influence of stress perpendicular to the grain. The failure criterion for wood is given by an ellipse. Tests of mechanical properties of Japanese cedar are carried out, where eight groups of wood transmission poles are used. Tests are performed on 104 small specimens to determine direct compressive, tensile and shearing strengtjh of the test materials. The ultimate tensile strength parallel to the grain of the test specimens are 1.5 to 2.4 times the ultimate compressive strength parallel to the grain. The failure criterion for the test specimens is shown.


The present invention provides a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet including at least one pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed of a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing an acrylic polymer (a) in which the total content of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid relative to the entire monomer ingredients constituting the acrylic polymer is 10% by weight or less, in which the total amount of an acrylic acid ion and a methacrylic acid ion extracted from the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet with pure water under the condition of 100 DEG C. for 45 minutes, as measured in accordance with an ion chromatography, is 20ng/cm2 or less per the unit area of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.


This article is the product of the ideas expressed by several persons who have written or given talks about the controls imposed upon Puerto Rican "authorities". Its object has been to evaluate the effectiveness of such controls in the light of present conditions. The author, in his effort to fulfull the expectations of the readers has confined himself mostly to a discussion of factors more directly related to the Aqueduct and Sewer Authority but would like to point out that these factors are also applicable to other "authorities" in Puerto Rico.


An outcome is ambiguous if it is an incomplete description of the probability distribution over consequences. An incomplete description is identified with the set of probabilities that satisfy the incomplete description. A choice problem is ambiguous if the decision maker is choosing between incompletely described outcomes, that is, between sets of probabilities. This paper develops the theory of ambiguous choice problems as a continuous, linear extension of expected utility preferences from probabilities to sets of probabilities.


Art and creativity originate in the brain and depend on normal brain functioning. Music is a multifacet phenomenon that exists as a universal heritage across all human societies and throughout the entire human history. There are numerous brain-based mechanisms involved in the cognitive processing of music, including music listening, performing, composing, reading, writing, as well as musical aesthetics and musical emotion. Music relates to many brain functions including perception, motor action, cognition, emotion, learning and memory. Various brain regions are associated with music processing and production, including the right anterior and posterior superior temporal lobe, the right inferior frontal cortex, the right prefrontal, bilateral premotor and bilateral parietal areas, the right anterior cerebellar lobe, language areas and limbic structures. In a diseased brain, after acquired brain injury, disorders in music perception or production have been described, although considered rare. Amusia or music-specific agnosia, a defective 1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Neurology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 3. Faculty for special education and rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 4. Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 5. Antamedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia


This is the ninth annual report on data gathered by the committee on statistics of exploratory drilling. During 1953, 13,313 exploratory holes were drilled in the United States. Of these 6,925 were new-field wildcats, 3,358 were new-pool tests (including new-pool wildcats, deeper-pool tests, and shallower-pool tests), and 3,030 were outposts. Among the new-field wildcats, 774 were successful; among the new-pool tests, 924 were successful; and among the outposts, 982 were successful. The total exploratory footage drilled in the United States in 1953 was 60,702,371 feet in the 13,313 holes, or 4,560 feet per hole. These figures compare with 55,615,389 feet drilled in 12,425 exploratory holes, with an average depth of 4,476 feet, in 1952. For the sixth time we are presenting data on Canada and Mexico.


In previous work, we have demonstrated that the dangling amino group in amino-phosphane ligands increases the rate of Rh-catalyzed styrene hydroformylation as a function of the amino group basicity and of the distance between the P and N functions. We now report additional stereochemical and mechanistic insights resulting from new catalytic experiments performed with Rh-α-P,N catalytic systems in the presence of D2O. In addition to the expected D0 product, the formation of the β-D1 aldehyde, PhCH(CH2D)CHO was observed in all cases by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, indicating that H/D exchange occurs for the rhodium-hydride complex. Minor amounts of a β-D2 product, PhCH(CHD2)CHO, were also formed under certain conditions, demonstrating the reversibility of the olefin coordination step. The composition of the aldehyde mixture is slightly affected by the nature of the catalytic precursor or the P,N ligand used. In the specific case of the α-P,N ligand [α-P,N = (SAr,SC)-Ph2PCH{o-C6H4Cl(Cr(CO)3)}NHPh], in combination with the [RhCl(COD)]2 precatalyst, products PhCD(CH3)CHO (α-D1) and PhCD(CH2D)CHO (α,β-D2) were also produced. This result suggests a reversible deprotonation assisted by an intramolecular H-bonding interaction between the dangling ammonium function and the carbonyl moiety. This isotopic exchange process decreases the asymmetric induction from 14 to 7 % ee when using the enantiopure version of this ligand. Aldehydes bearing a D atom on the formyl group, e.g. PhCH(CH3)CDO, were never observed. The latter observation excludes protonolysis of the rhodium-acyl intermediate as the aldehyde forming step. In addition, it also excludes a bimolecular reaction involving the rhodium-acyl and rhodium-hydride intermediates.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


Co-published by the ILO and James Currey, the General Labour History of Africa is a landmark in the study of labour history.

It brings, for the first time, an African perspective within a global context to the study of labour and labour relations. Eminent historians, anthropologists and social scientists from Africa, Europe and the United States examine key developments in the 20th century, such as the emergence of free wage labour; the transformation in labour relations; the role of capital and employers; labour agency and movements; the growing diversity of formal and informal or precarious labour; the meaning of work; and the impact of gender and age on the workplace, as well as the international dimension and the history and impact of the International Labour Organization itself.

Discussing key sectors such as mining, agriculture, industry, transport, domestic work, and sport, tourism and entertainment, the authors also examine African labour in the context of social issues such as mobility and migration.


Carry-lookahead adders have traditionally demonstrated that they are among the fastest adders available. By computing carry signals in parallel as much as possible the propagation delay of this type of adder is significantly reduced as opposed to carry propagation adders. Further algorithmic advancements have been proposed by Ling to use pseudo-carries, which are even faster to compute. For CMOS dynamic logic the EMODL adder has demonstrated that a 32-bit adder can be constructed with only 3 stages of logic and an unprecedented small hardware complexity. This paper presents a novel hybrid adder. By introducing Ling's algorithm into the EMODL adder, the critical path can be shortened with only a slight increase in hardware complexity.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept, requirement and the effect of Force majeure and Hardship under the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contract. Under the UNIDROIT Principles Non-performance by a party is excused if that party proves that the non-performance was due to an impediment beyond its control and that it could not reasonably be expected to have taken the impediment into account at the time of the conclusion of the contract or to have avoided or overcome it or its consequence. There is hardship where the occurrence of events fundamentally alters the equilibrium of the contracts and the events occur or become known to the disadvantaged party after the conclusion of the contract; the events could not reasonably have been taken ito account by the disadvantaged party at the time of the conclusion of the contract; the events are beyond the control of the disadvantaged party; and the risk of the events was not assumed by the disadvantaged party.


The harm to the humanity is getting more and more serious,which results from the technical negative effect in modern society.And it has already threatened humanity's survival and the development.In order to solve this problem,many scholars have proposed many kinds of thought on controlling technology negative effect.Although these thoughts have certain value,they cannot solve the problem well.In order to reduce the negative effect well,we need to integrate each technical control way.By investigating the relatedness of each kind of technical control ways,it sets up the mechanism of controlling technology negative effect and the integration function of the technical control.


The chromatography of the peptide His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH on the cation-exchange cellulose Whatman Express-Ion Exchanger C has been investigated. Scale-down studies both in batch and using Mini Columns demonstrated a binding capacity of ∼ 300 mg per dry g and a recovery following desorption of ∼96%. The separation was scaled-up 40-fold to a laboratory column, where 100% (w/w) of applied peptide bound at 200 cm h -1 to give an operating capacity of ∼90 mg per dry g. Following desorption, recovery was ∼98% with some further purification of the peptide.


The infinite population model for the genetic algorithm, where the iteration of the genetic algorithm corresponds to an iteration of a map G, is a discrete dynamical system. The map G is a composition of a selection operator and a mixing operator, where the latter models the effects of both mutation and crossover. This dissertation examines the finiteness and hyperbolicity of fixed points of this model. For a typical mixing operator, the fixed point set of G is finite and all fixed points are hyperbolic.


Thc success of China's approach to transition has produced many challenges to the conventiorial wisdom in economic theory. The transition in essence is a process of institutional changes from those of a planned economy to those of a market economy. In the paper we argue that the economic institutions of the planned economy are endogenously shaped t)y the adoption of a comparative advantage-defylng (hereafter CAD strategy) heavyindustry-oriented development strategy in a capital scarce economy. It is, hence, suggested the completion of China's transition to a market economy, which requires the elimination of institutional distortions in the planned economy, depends on final resolution of viability issue of enterprises in CADS priorlty sectors.


In this paper we shall study extensions in the theory of ergodic actions of a locally compact group. If G is a locally compact group, by an ergodic G-space we mean a Lebesgue space (X,/) together with a Borel action of G on X, under which # is invariant and ergodic. If (X, #) and (Y, v) are ergodic G-spaces, (X,/) is called "an extension of (Y, v) and (Y, v) a factor of (X,/) if there is a Borel function p" X Y, commuting with the G-actions, such that p.(/) v. Various properties that one considers for a fixed ergodic G-space have as natural analogues properties of the triple (X, p, Y) in such a way as to reduce to the usual ones in case Yis a point. This is the idea of"relativizing" concepts, which is a popular theme in the study of extensions in topological dynamics. In ergodic theory, relativization is a natural idea from the point of view of Mackey's theory of virtual groups [16]. Although familiarity with virtual groups is not essential for a reading of this paper, this idea does provide motivation for some of the concepts introduced below, and a good framework for understanding our results. We shall therefore briefly review the notion of virtual group and indicate its relevance. If X is an ergodic G-space, one of two mutually exclusive statements holds: (i) There is an orbit whose complement is a null set. In this case, X is called essentially transitive. (ii) Every orbit is a null set. X is then called properly ergodic. In the first case, the action of G on X is essentially equivalent to the action defined by translation on G/H, where H is a closed subgroup of G; furthermore, this action is determined up to equivalence by the conjugacy class of H in G. In the second case, no such simple description of the action is available, but it is often useful to think of the action as being defined by a "virtual subgroup" of G. Many concepts defined for a subgroup H, can be expressed in terms of the action of G on G/H; frequently, this leads to a natural extension of the concept to the case of an arbitrary virtual subgroup, i.e., to the case of an ergodic G-action that is not necessarily essentially transitive. Perhaps the most fundamental notions that can be extended in this wa are those of a homomorphism, and the concomitant ideas of kernel and range. These and other related matters are discussed in [!6]. From this point of view, the notion of an extension of an ergodic G-space has a simple interpretation. A measure preserving G-map b:X Y can be viewed as an embedding of the virtual subgroup defined by X into the virtual subgroup defined by Y. Thus, it is reasonable to hope that many of the concepts that one considers for a given ergodic G-space, i.e., a virtual subgroup of G,


In United States v Dickerson,' the Supreme Court reaffirmed Miranda v Arizona,2 stating that it was "a constitutional decision," and thus not subject to congressional overruling.3 A contrary judgment would have had enormous symbolic significance, as Miranda is one of the best-known legacies of the Warren Court. In penning the opinion for a seven-two majority in Dickerson, Chief Justice Rehnquist reassured the legal community and the nation at large that this pillar of the Warren Court's criminal procedure revolution would remain standing.4


The attitude of African politicians and governments has changed considerably. During the final years of the struggle against colonialism, European powers were accused of giving the African territories irrational and incongruous boundaries and dividing unitarian ethnic groups arbitrarily. The non-acceptance of these boundaries was therefore proclaimed or at least a complete revision thereof was foreseen. However, after independence, many African governments tended to respect the status quo inherited from the colonial vicissitudes and this is where the situation stands today. It does not seem likely, at least in the near future, that African nations will undertake armed action to resolve boundary questions. However, the boundary problem has some influence on the foreign policy of many African states, in some cases, causing demands and necessities for agreement, in others, creating difficulties and complications for the realization of initiatives and agreements for future collaboration.


The geological rupture responsible for the devastating magnitude-7.5 earthquake that struck Palu, Indonesia, in September 2018 ripped through Earth9s crust at rare high speed, scientists report. This "supershear" behavior likely intensified the shaking in the quake, which triggered a tsunami and killed more than 2000 people. Typically, the ruptures that cause earthquakes travel at a speed slower than its damaging side-to-side waves, called shear waves. In the past 2 decades, however, seismologists have discovered a handful of high-speed ruptures on long, linear, and smooth strike-slip faults. The Palu rupture, however, occurred on a rougher strike-slip fault, with kinks in its path, raising fears that far more regions could be at risk of high-speed quakes than once thought.


The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant abrasion-proof positive-pressure expansion joint, which comprises an upper bushing which is connected with a flange in a welding way, a lower bushing which is arranged on the flange and a metal corrugated pipe which is arranged at the outer sides of the upper and the lower bushings, wherein a heat-preserving material is respectively arranged between the upper bushing and the metal corrugated pipe and between the lower bushing and the metal corrugated pipe, a plurality of hooks are arranged on the outer wall of the upper bushing and the lower bushing, the heat-preserving materials are wrapped by a wire mesh and is fixed on the upper and the lower bushings through the hooks, the periphery of the lower bushing is provided with a limiting clamp plate, a radial expansion gap is reserved between the limiting clamp plate and the lower bushing, and a plurality of grasping nails are welded on the inner walls of the upper bushing and the lower bushing, and an abrasion-proof material is respectively arranged on the inner wall of the upper bushing and the lower bushing, so the leakage, ripping and abrasion of the expansion joint can be prevented.


The stable and safety operation of a "Smart Grid" (SG) requires high performance Grid Connected Inverters (GCIs) (like wind turbine converters). These inverters' control features not only cover the renewable energy conversion and active power feeding into the utility grid but furthermore they cover the helping of the Grid management. It means static and dynamic grid voltage stabilization, fault ride through (FRT) capability, reactive power injection and frequency control. The reducing of the development time is getting more important, this requires accurate and reliable simulation and modeling system. One possibility is to create a PC simulation to verify the first ideas and plan the control algorithm, and then a Rapid Prototyping System with it is possible to test the real control board with the implemented control algorithm in real time operation, before constructing the whole equipment.


Single crystals of K 2 CoCl 4 grown from a melt by the Bridgman method undergo phase transitions at -131°C and 181°C, respectively, and show ferroelectricity along the a -axis in the phases below 181°C.


The model of multi-channel queuing system with Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP) flow and delayed feedback is considered. After the customer is served completely, they will decide either to join the retrial group again for another service (feedback) with some state-dependent probability or to leave the system forever with complimentary probability. Feedback calls organize an orbit of repeated calls (r-calls). If upon arrival of an r-call all the channels of the system are busy, then it either leaves the system with some state-dependent probability or with a complementary probability returns to orbit. Methods to calculate the steady-state probabilities of the appropriate three-dimensional Markov chain as well as performance measures of investigated system are developed. Results of numerical experiments are demonstrated.


The pendulum of pendulum-type-coal-pulverize in some power plant is in a low position in service life and wearability.The heat treatment process was researched to improve pendulum's service life and wearability.Practical use shows that the reasonable water toughening treatment can obviously increase the mechanical properties of high manganese steel,and its service life is increased by 70%.


The invention discloses a roll forming method of a 4340 H steel E-shaped ring forging, which is provided for guaranteeing a forming size of the E-shaped ring forging and preventing the defects of folding, offset, insufficient filling and the like. The method comprises processing steps as follows: a 4340 H steel bar material which is subjected to blanking according to specification is heated to a forging temperature ranging from 1,100 DEG C to 1,140 DEG C and is upset and punched to obtain a primary ring blank on a press machine; then, the primary ring blank is heated to a forging temperature ranging from 1,120 DEG C to 1,160 DEG C and is subjected to inner-bore material gathering to obtain a secondary ring blank on a ring rolling machine; and the secondary ring blank is placed in the ring rolling machine equipped with a main roller die for roll forming after the secondary ring blank is heated to a forging temperature ranging from 1,140 DEG C to 1,200 DEG C, the deformation is larger than or equal to 45%, and the E-shaped ring forging is obtained. The E-shaped ring forging is subjected to quenching and high-temperature tempering thermal treatment after forged, the quenching is that the E-shaped ring forging is heated to 860 DEG C and is subjected to oil cooling after thermal insulation, and the high-temperature tempering is that the E-shaped ring forging is heated to 590 DEG C and is subjected to air cooling after thermal insulation. The forging is mainly used for the field of wind power and mining machinery and the like.


Subtitle: Southern Malaysia's Tanjung Pelapas port, which competes fiercely with Singapore, is a relative new, but fast-growing transhipment container hub in South East Asia. However, the terminal is still keen to grow its domestic cargo. Ravindra Galhena reports on how the port plans to do this and looks at its future developments.


Each chapter casts Renaissance theater, psychoanalysis and critical theory in a dramatic interplay of reciprocally reflecting gazes . . . the result is a series of agons, or contests, in which feminism, deconstruction, cultural material ism, and psychoanalysis confront, accuse, and displace one another. No one discourse is the "master here, and no one object, such as Shakespearean com edy, is the primary text that" the others are recruited to explain (4).


Research on self-concept and mathematics learning achievement has been done a lot, both at the elementary, junior high, high school and university levels. The average research shows a relationship between self-concept and mathematics learning achievement, so it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis of correlational studies. Data were obtained from national journals and international databases with predetermined criteria. Based on the search, 28 studies met the specified criteria. Data analysis used a random effects approach. The software used in the analysis is JASP. 0.8. 4.0. The results of the analysis show the Q value with p-value 0; and I2 (%) close to 100% of the sample used meets the assumption of heterogeneity. Kendal Value τ with p-value> 0,05; and Z value with p-value> 0,05, and the image generated by the random effects model with the results of the analysis using the trim-fill approach is not different, it can be concluded that there is no publication bias. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-concept and mathematics learning achievement. The resulting summary effect size was 0,62 in the medium category. Summary effect size values are in the interval 0,49 to 0,75. The results of this study indicate consistency and support for the theory of self-concept development.


In order to simulate contamination of ground by leakage of oil, a rational threephase characteristic curve model defining the capillary pressure–degree of saturation relationship of water, NAPL and air phase was proposed and transport phenomena of NAPLs in unsaturated ground was simulated in this study. Existing models will be briefly reviewed and their limitations will be pointed out. To overcome issues of these models, a new variable representing the relative magnitude of NAPL pressure to water pressure and air pressure was employed as a parameter that plays a central role in the modeling, and a novel water– NAPL–air three-phase model was formulated. It is revealed through the simulations that the proposed model can consider the transition phenomena between water–NAPL–air threephase and arbitrary two-phase system through the parameter. The numerical method for water–NAPL–air three phase system was also developed based on the proposed model.The validity of the proposed model was checked by comparing the results calculated by the proposed model with those calculated by an ordinary model and past experimental results. The proposed model is capable of considering the interactions among the water–NAPL–air three-phase, and predicting the actual retention behavior of NAPL in unsaturated ground.


Equivalent-linear analysis of earth dams with QUAD4 is a state-of-practice approach which incorporates a cumulative level of knowledge in soil dynamics that is still used today in many organizations. Nevertheless, today's availability of more advanced nonlinear effective-stress analysis tools has improved significantly our estimates of shaking-induced permanent deformations of earth structures. In order to better understand the difference between, and facilitate a direct comparison of, the two different analysis methods, we analyzed an earth dam using both the equivalent-linear and the nonlinear effective-stress approach with the commercial finite difference code FLAC by focusing on computed shaking-induced cyclic shear stresses and permanent deformations.


The present invention relates to a shock absorber for impact absorption apparatus. Shock absorber 10 of the present invention there is shock absorber tube 20 is disposed in a plurality of matrices therein, such that a predetermined gap formed between the shock-absorbing tube (20) which are adjacent. In the shock-absorbing tube (20) can put a plurality of shock-absorbing through (28,28 ', 28 "). The shock absorbers 10, as is may be used by placing a plurality of sequentially, and in this case the rear end from the front end by going there is a stiffness of the shock absorber tube 20 can be arranged so as to gradually become stronger. such accurate up impact energy, while plastic deformation is more smoothly in the shock-absorbing tube (20) according to configure the shock absorber 10 in the present invention of the absorption there is reliably formed advantages over.


The simulation-optimization approach is used to identify ground-water pumping strategies for control of the shallow water table in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, where shallow ground water threatens continued agricultural productivity. The approach combines the use of ground-water flow simulation with optimization techniques to build on and refine pumping strategies identified in previous research that used flow simulation alone. Use of the combined simulation-optimization model resulted in a 20 percent reduction in the area subject to a shallow water table over that identified by use of the simulation model alone. The simulation-optimization model identifies increasingly more effective pumping strategies for control of the water table as the complexity of the problem increases; that is, as the number of subareas in which pumping is to be managed increases, the simulation-optimization model is better able to discriminate areally among subareas to determine optimal pumping locations.

The simulation-optimization approach provides an improved understanding of controls on the ground-water flow system and management alternatives that can be implemented in the valley. In particular, results of the simulation-optimization model indicate that optimal pumping strategies are constrained by the existing distribution of wells between the semiconfined and confined zones of the aquifer, by the distribution of sediment types (and associated hydraulic conductivities) in the western valley, and by the historical distribution of pumping throughout the western valley.


FOR more than a quarter of a century it was well known that a relationship existed between tonsillitis and rheumatism. At that time we were led to believe that the tonsillar trouble was caused by the rheumatism and the salicylates were frequently prescribed for tonsillitis and quinsey. The salicylates clinically gave good results in many cases, not on the tonsils, but undoubtedly upon the rheumatic trouble which would or did develop following the acute or subacute tonsillar condition. The profession, however, erred in putting the cart before the horse, for now we look upon the tonsillar trouble not as the effect of the rheumatism, but vice versa. During the past six years considerable attention has been paid to the tonsils and a wave of opinion has been passing through the minds of the profession and the laity which no doubt will go to ridiculous extremes. It will be impossible in the short time here allotted for papers to go very deeply into the details of this great subject, or to present many arguments pro and con upon tonsillectomy both in children and in adults, so that it can be referred to but briefly. It should be stated clearly that the indiscriminate removal of tonsils without sufficient symptoms should be avoided. The function of the tonsil is that of protection to the respiratory and digestive tracts in early childhood. In children it is only when the tonsil becomes abnormal in its size and causes obstruction to breathing that it should be remo(ed. In those stages we have not a breaking down and a diseased condition of the tonsil as we find in later years, and whilst it is true that at times we frequently see acute tonsillitis in children with hypertrophied tonsils, I have not been convinced that these large growths should be completely enucleated when by the simple operation of tonsillotomy the desired results are usually obtained. Our literature is beginning to show the bad effects and mortality of tonsillectomy under


We establish a C2 a priori estimate for convex hypersurfaces whose principal curvatures κ=(κ1,…, κn) satisfy σk(κ(X))=f(X,ν(X)), the Weingarten curvature equation. We also obtain such an estimate for admissible 2‐convex hypersurfaces in the case k=2. Our estimates resolve a longstanding problem in geometric fully nonlinear elliptic equations.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Electronic Health Records data are rich and contain different types of variables, including structured data (e.g., demographics), free text (e.g., medical notes), and time series data. In this work, we explore the use of these different types of data for the task of in-hospital mortality prediction, which seeks to predict the outcome of death for patients admitted to the hospital. We build base learning models for the different data types and combine them in a heterogeneous ensemble model. In these models, we apply state-of-the-art classification algorithms based on deep learning. Our experiments on a set of 20K ICU patients from the MIMIC-III dataset showed that the ensemble method brings improvements of 3 percentage points, achieving an AUROC of 0.853.


Hypertension is the most critical predisposing factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. While effective pharmacological control of hypertension using angiotensin receptor blockers has been implemented, the clinical course of the disease remains progressive. Consequently, new and innovative approaches for treating hypertension are needed. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Our lab has shown that blocking inflammatory molecules and their transcription factor, nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF‐kB), within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuates sympathetic activity and hypertension. However, it remains unknown how inflammation is activated during the development of hypertension. We proposed that the interaction between the inflammatory cytokine protein high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and its toll‐like receptor, TLR4, results in the up‐regulation of NF‐kB, thereby contributing to the development of hypertension. We performed in vitro and in vivo studies to understand the role played by HMGB1 in the development of hypertension. We treated mouse Neuro‐2a cells with control medium or medium containing Angiotensin II (AngII). Immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis of AngII‐treated N2a cells correlated increases in HMGB1 levels with up‐regulation of inflammatory markers. In addition, we examined the levels of HMGB1 in the PVN from AngII and saline‐treated rats using RT‐PCR and western blotting. AngII treatment resulted in an increase in blood pressure and this was accompanied by an increase in HMGB1 in the PVN of rats. These findings indicate a potential for HMGB1 in the PVN as a possible mechanism of AngII‐induced hypertension.


Many marine benthic invertebrates pass through a planktonic larval stage whereas others spend their entire lifetimes in benthic habitats. Recent studies indicate that non-planktonic species show relatively greater fine-scale patchiness than do planktonic species, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. One hypothesis for such a difference is that larval dispersal enhances the connectivity of populations and buffers population fluctuations and reduces local extinction risk, consequently increasing patch occupancy rate and decreasing spatial patchiness. If this mechanism does indeed play a significant role, then the distribution of non-planktonic species should be more aggregated – both temporally and spatially – than the distribution of species with a planktonic larval stage. To test this prediction, we compared 1) both the spatial and the temporal abundance–occupancy relationships and 2) both the spatial and the temporal mean–variance relationships of population size across species of rocky intertidal gastropods with differing dispersive traits from the Pacific coast of Japan. We found that, compared to planktonic species, non-planktonic species exhibited 1) a smaller occupancy rate for any given level of mean population size and 2) greater variations in population size, both spatially and temporally. This suggests that the macroecological patterns observed in this study (i.e. the abundance–occupancy relationships and mean–variance relationships of population size across species) were shaped by the effect of larval dispersal dampening population fluctuation, which works over both space and time. While it has been widely assumed that larval dispersal enhances population fluctuations, larval dispersal may in fact enhance the connectively of populations and buffer population fluctuations and reduce local extinction risks.


According to forming factors of urban tourist image, this paper analyses the basis for how to create tourist image of coastal city and initially probes into the creating principles of tourist image of coastal city in China.


'buenos' (w. 498; 602; 730; 749; 788; 1508; 1548; 1781; 1988; 2418) or 'gruessos & corredores' (w. 1336; 1968; 2010), but we are never told what colour they are; one of the most common traditional descriptors of a horse, and one frequently used in French and other epics, is conspicuous by its absence in this poem.1 Similarly, we are given no detail of any character's physical appearance except for die length of the Cid's beard, die 'ojos velidos' of the women (v. 1612), the description of the daughters as 'tan blancas commo el sol' (v. 2333),the fact that Ansur González looks flushed after lunching well rather than wisely (v. 3375), and the probably defamatory rather than accurately descriptive hint diat Garci Ordonez's facial hair may grow rather slowly (v. 3290).3 This is a marked contrast to the abundant, and often verbally rich (even when formulaic) descriptions encountered


Heat and particle control is an essential issue in tokamak fusion research. Heat control using edge radiation losses and cold divertor plasmas is needed for mitigation of the severe problem of the concentrated power loading on the divertor plates. Understanding particle (hydrogen isotopes, helium and impurity) behavior in cold divertor plasmas is needed for control of fuel density, reduction of fuel dilution and control of radiation losses. Atomic and molecular processes play important roles for the edge radiation losses and particle behavior in the cold divertor plasmas. Atomic and molecular data are applied to studying the processes.


Optimism and overconfidence are well documented cognitive biases in the entrepreneurship literature (see Shepherd et al., 2015). Although these sentiments are typically thought to be almost overlapped, empirical studies make evidence of their different construct (see Trevelyan, 2008, 2011). In the paper at hand we investigate the descriptive and normative motivations inducing misconfidence biases to arise. First, we introduce the definition of optimism as underestimation of the task difficulty to meet a strategic Key Performance Indicator (KPI). Second, we define overconfidence as the tendency to overestimate the probability to achieve an uncertain task. To calculate this probability we set up a prescriptive benchmarking-based model. Third, we spotlight situations in enterprise risk management (ERM) where misconfidence biases in judgment emerge. Complementing Bordley et al. (2015) and Tibiletti and Uberti (2015) results, we show that overconfidence arises in presence of two extreme circumstances: (1) underestimation of task difficulty coupled with extremely poor entrepreneurial projects, and (2) overestimation of task difficulty coupled with extremely good entrepreneurial projects. Our theoretical findings match with accounted biased behaviors recognized among entrepreneurs known as the escalation and de-escalation of commitment effect biases. The study is based on the normative foundation for overconfidence set up by Bordley et al. (2015) and casts light on which circumstances that occurs. Our results have also practical implications. In fact, it is important for entrepreneurs be aware of situations where self-confidence is normatively biased.


Rheology is basic mechanical property of rock and soil media. For the slope,rheological property of rock and soil media is one of the important reasons for the large deformation and loss of stability. The time-dependent behavior of rock mass is one of the important factors, that influence the deformation and long-term stability of the slope. Based on coupling of long-term prestress loss of anchor tie and slope creep, a new improved Burgers model is built; and the theoretical function of long-term prestress variation is put forward. By comparison with the experiment result, which gets the viscoelastic rheological parameters of suggested model. The comparison between the rheological model and experimental result shows that the generalized Burgers model is right and reasonable.


The performance of conversion films containing rare earth element on aluminum and its alloys has been studied by linear polarization technique,polarization curve measuring,and neutral salt spray test.The test results revealed that: the uniform corrosion rate in sodium chloride solution was reduced by 10 to 20 times, the films passed 504 h salt spray test without damage, after the conversion treatment both of anodic and cathodic processes of aluminum alloys corrosion were greatly inhibited, the pitting potential was obviously moved in positive direction. This revealed that resistance to pitting corrosion in chloride medium was greatly improved after rare earth conversion treatment.The result of photoelectric current spectrum in open circuit voltage indicated that rare earth conversion film basiclly was an insulator besides ion could pass through surface dissolution and exchange of positions.


Land use/cover changes and their landscape structures in Dongting Lake area during 1955~1998 were identified by using Landsat MSS of 1978, TM satellite imagery of 1989 and 1998, along with digitizing topographical maps of research area surveyed in the 1950s. The land coverage was grouped into five types: water body, wetland, cropland, forest and settlement, and overall classification accuracy on Landsat satellite imagery for periods of 1978, 1989 and 1998 were all above 80%. By applying Geographical Information System (GIS), spatial patterns of land use/cover in different stages were explicitly explored. By overlaying four classification maps, the percentage of each type of land use/cover converted into other categories was computed. The area of water body consistently decreased by 1 460 km\+2 over last fifty years, of which 970.57 km\+2 was shrinked between 1955~1978, which was respectively 2.23 times and 18.05 times of that during 1978~1989 and 1989~1998. While the area of wetland increased gradually, its area in 1998 was respectively 1.46 times, 1.41times and 1.09 times of that in 1955, 1978 and 1989. Cropland area percentage increased from 54.70% in 1955 to 62.15% in 1978 then decreased to 51.88% in 1989, and to 48.17% in 1998. The area of forest decreased by 17% between 1955~1978, compared with a noticeable increase by 57% during 1978~1989, and a slight increase by 11% during 1989~1998. Changes of settlement showed an urbanization process in recent fifty years. All these changes were driven by the complex interactions of physiographic and socioeconomic factors.


The invention discloses a construction method for a foundation pit by adoption of prefabricated supports and a foundation pit supporting structure thereof. The method comprises the following steps: all the prefabricated supports are arranged in place first, and the foundation pit is comprehensively and continuously excavated; and the prefabricated supports are disassembled after construction of an internal structure of the foundation pit is over. The invention adopts the novel construction method of 'supporting first and then excavating', optimizes the construction technology of the foundation pit, realizes comprehensive, synchronous and continuous excavation of the foundation pit, simultaneously completely avoids deformation of an enclosing structure and settlement of the stratum on the circumference of the enclosing structure, has the advantages of high construction efficiency, good safety and reliable engineering quality, can be used for construction of various foundation pits, and is particularly suitable for construction of extra-deep and oversize foundation pits in soft soil stratums.


An analysis was carried out of the thematic evolution and distribution of literature related to agriculture from the Scientific Agricultural Complex. The works chosen were those appearing in Agris and Cab Abstracts during the period 1995-2000. A total of 1,601 references, distributed in 41 national and foreign agricultural journals, were compiled. Thematic evolution showed a large contribution in the following areas: animal feed (9.2%), plant breeding (9.1%), plant physiology (8.8%), animal nutrition (6.8%), plant diseases (5.9%), plant production (5.9%), fertilisation (5.7%), animal physiology (4.9%), crop techniques (4.3%), animal husbandry (4.1%), plant pests (4.1%), techniques and methodologies (3.5%) and animal reproduction (2.9%). By facilitating the identification of poorly reprented themes among the published corpus, the analysis detects certain fragility in several subject areas which could be essential for the scientific development of Cuban agriculture, such as animal husbandry, phytopathology and animal reproduction.


Absence seizures are characterized by sudden loss of consciousness and interruption of ongoing motor activities for a brief period of time lasting few to several seconds and up to half a minute. Due to their brevity and subtle clinical manifestations absence seizures are easily missed by inexperienced observers. Accurate evaluation of their high frequency of recurrence can be a challenge even for experienced observers. We present a novel method for detecting and analyzing absence seizures acquired from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in patients with absence seizures. Six patients were included in this study, two seizure free, of a total recording time of 26 hours, and four experiencing over 100 seizures within 14.5 hours of total recordings. Our algorithm detected only one false positive finding in the first seizure free patients and 148 of 186 continuous uninterrupted 3Hz spike and wave discharge (SWD) epochs in the rest of the patients. Out of the total 38 missed SWD epochs 28 were


The utility model discloses an observation detection device of traditional Chinese medical science. The device comprises a shell, a light source and a shooting structure, wherein the light source and the shooting structure are positioned in the shell; the shell is provided with a light guide component inside; the light guide component comprises at least one light guide layer; the light source is arranged in the light guide layer or on the side section of the light guide layer; and the light source forms an area light source through the diffuse reflection of the light guide component. By adopting the light guide component to conduct light and converting a point light source to the area light source, the inside of the detection device forms a soft, stable and uniform shooting environment approximate to natural light.


Improvements in industrial robot adoption, leads to the need for development frameworks to handle the increasingly complexity in robot tasks. ROS (Robot Operating System) is one of the most implemented frameworks due to its useful tools and extensive libraries. The introduction of robotic applications in industry requires integration mechanisms of robots with the already existing industrial machines, controlled by PLC (Programmable Logic Computers). This integration is developed implementing communication methods between robots and PLCs, allowing automation technicians, without knowledge about high level programming languages but with experience in languages from the IEC 61131-3 standard, to be part of robot programming and re-adaptation of its functions. Aiming this integration, it was defined as a goal the formulation of a communication method between ROS and CODESYS (a softPLC based on the IEC 61131-3 standard), running in parallel in a embedded system based on a Beaglebone Black. To accomplish this goal it was studied industrial communication protocols and a local communication system based on shared memory. After adopting measures to handle process synchronization using semaphores, the latter was implemented. This implementation was thought to take advantage of the publisher/subscriber system, which ROS is based on. The achieved implementation is capable of listen to a topic and write its content to a shared memory location. This memory location can be then read by CODESYS. The inverse process is also possible. CODESYS writes information in the shared memory which is going to read and published by a ROS node. This is an effective communication method, capable of handling ROS complex messages. It was verified also that its data transmission rate is more than the double of the Modbus TCP, one of the most used industrial communication protocols.


Abstract. The United States has become the source of new ideas about the public treatment of people with disabilities. Many countries are considering adopting policies modeled on those introduced in the United States. The idea of mainstreaming children with disabilities in schools -i.e., placing them in regular classrooms rather than providing them with special education facilities- has become widespread in the U.S. Given the transnational flow of ideas and the prestige the United States enjoys for its educational system and its treatment of citizens with disabilities, many other countries are considering following the U.S. lead. However, I argue that problems in implementing the policy and the negative consequences of mainstreaming children with disabilities in U.S. public schools would likely be aggravated if this policy was applied in less developed countries such as Uruguay, where the idea has reached the government and voices have been raised advocating the policy. In this case study, I analyze the challenges in and results of implementing the policy of mainstreaming in the United States, and then analyze likely outcomes in Uruguay, a country with fewer resources, a different culture and history, should it chose to follow the U.S. model.


The Red-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale calura) is a small squirrel-like marsupial that occurs in remnant woodlands in the southern wheatbelt of Western Australia. It is two to three times the size of a house mouse, with a long bushy tail, brick red at its base. It is a quick-moving insectivore that is equally at home on the ground or in the canopy of midstorey trees. It nests in tree hollows and can shelter in hollows, under bark, in the skirts of grass trees, in the hollows offallen timber, and amongst collections of sheoak needles in the forks oftrees.


This research aims to develop a theoritical model of destination branding from international communication subject. The result confirmed that destination branding in Seoul is influenced by overall image "halyu" (i.e. korean drama, k pop, food, fashion, variety show running man, and government support). Destination Branding cannot only be based on the tourist perspective but the succes of destination branding must be focused on the local people, enterpreneurs, government and visitors. Besides that, destination branding's success based on similarities and differences among the different stakeholder.


The paper outlines the process of creating a new voice in the MARY Text-to-Speech Platform, evaluating and proposing extensions on the existing tools and methodology. It particularly focuses on the development of the phoneme set, the Grapheme to Phone (GtP) conversion module and the subsequent process for generating a corpus for building the new voice. The work presented in this paper was carried out as part of the process for the support of the Greek Language in the MARY TtS system, however the outlined methodology should be applicable for other languages as well.


Back Ground: Cypermethrin (CPM) is non-systematic type II synthetic pyrethroid, commonly used for pest control in livestock, forestry, horticulture, household, public and animal health services, private homes, and animal husbandry. By scavenging free radicals and modulating antioxidant protection mechanism, plant phytochemicals (vitamin C and Curcumin) are known to exert their protective impact, Aim: The current research aimed to examine the ameliorative effect of combining curcumin with prevention of vitamin C against the toxic effects of cypermethrin. Method: Four groups of ten male rats each, –ve control, +ve control group (200 mg curcumin and 100 mg vit. C/ kg bw), cypermethrin alone (200 mg / Kg bw), and cypermethrin supplemented with the protective antioxidants orally intubated for 28 - days. Result: Oral cypermethrin induced a significant increase in MDA and PC in serum, liver and brain as the oxidant biomarkers. While the antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, GSH or SH protein) were significantly decreases in serum and brain tissues. The phase II biotransformation GST was increased significantly in brain and liver tissues. ATPase activity declined significantly in brain tissue only. Conclusion: we can deduce that, cypermethrin induce oxidative stress in serum and organs tissues of male rats and the protective role curcumin and vit. C was more evident on serum, brain than liver.


The trade protectionism is the inevitable result of international trade development.With the aggravating influence of global economic crisis on real economy,developed countries begin taking the measures of trade protectionism.The paper tries to start from a new theoretical perspective of public product s and prisoner difficult position and then give an explanation into the trade protectionism phenomenon in the financial crisis.Through the analysis of the nature of public goods under the international trade protection system,the paper also puts forward China's countermeasures with the rising of trade protectionism。


The class of noninverse problems versus inverse problems is discussed. A general optimization approach to solving certain constrained noninverse problems is presented. This approach is applied in the area of single photon emission computed tomography to estimate the patient outer contour directly from the photo-peak projection data. The resulting algorithm is fully automated, fast, and the determined 3-D patient contour satisfies smoothness constraints. The accuracy and reliability of the algorithm is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations, patient studies, and an experimental validation study.


This Gordon conference will cover the areas of structural, functional and evolutionary genomics. It will take a systematic approach to genomics, examining the evolution of proteins, protein functional sites, protein-protein interactions, regulatory networks, and metabolic networks. Emphasis will be placed on what we can learn from comparative genomics and entire genomes and proteomes.


(57) Abstract: magnetic flux density generated by, such as a flat panel display, a relatively large plasma flux density at the work piece rectangle relatively uniform plasma flux density to be processed It has a coil that is specifically designed to escape relatively low tendency for the central region and the peripheral region of the object, to provide a new vacuum plasma processor and improved. A vacuum plasma processor for processing a workpiece at a high frequency plasma having a plasma excitation coil including a peripheral portion for supplying a substantial magnetic flux density in the peripheral portion of the plasma. Spatially adjacent to the segment of the peripheral portion and the additional conductive segments it is electrically connected supplies the additional flux having a substantial magnetic flux density in the plasma periphery. This additional conductor segments is in each of the four corners of the coil are electrically connected in parallel or in series with the coil conductor segments forming the corner. In another embodiment, the coil includes several nested conductive corner segment. In another embodiment, the corner segment (1) is on the remaining portion coplanar coils, and in the vicinity of the plasma than the rest of the (2) coils. The coil has an internal terminal, each being connected with one of the output terminals of the matching network, and an output terminal connected through a capacitor to another output terminal of the matching network, two electrically parallel spiral including the like of the winding. The value of the capacitor, and the length to the plasma RF excitation frequency of the windings, the current flowing in the coil is to take maximum and minimum of the standing wave value around and inside the coil portion, respectively. Near the coil and the workpiece have the same rectangular size and shape.


The invention discloses a stacked chip package structure, which comprises a lead frame, a chip package, a second chip and a second package colloid, wherein, the lead frame is provided with a plurality of first pins and second pins which are mutually and electrically insulated; each first pin is provided with a first upper surface; each second pin is provided with a second upper surface; the first upper surface and the second upper surface are not on the same plane; the chip package is arranged on the first pin and comprises a substrate, a first chip and a first package colloid; the second chip is stacked on the chip package and electrically connected with the second pins; and the second package colloid is arranged on the lead frame and filled between various first pins and various second pins so as to coat the chip package and the second chip.


Fifty six bilateral country relationships combining 7 home countries from the EU and the US, and 8 Central and East European host countries (CEECs) of foreign direct investment (FDI) from 1995-2003 are used in a panel gravity-model setting to estimate the role of taxation as a determinant of FDI. While gravity variables explain most of the variation of FDI inflows, the bilateral effective average tax rate (beatr) is roughly equally important to other cost-related factors. The semi-elasticity of FDI with respect to taxes is about -4.3. This value is above those of earlier studies in absolute terms and can partly be attributed to using the beatr instead of the statutory tax rate. Our results indicate that tax-lowering strategies of CEEC governments seem to have an important impact on foreign firms location decisions.


Palladium on n-type silicon Schottky barrier photodetectors have been integrated with SOI optical waveguides. The diodes gave optical responsivity of 330 nA/mW at 1310 nm. Dark current density is less than 2×10-8 Acm-2 at 1 volt reverse bias.


Exponential growth cannot go on forever, but wireless data growth still does. Especially video and Cloud services drive wireless data consumption, and 1000x in data capacity is targeted in the next 10 years. 5G is in the process of being defined and may include data rates at Gb/s, seamless integration of wireless LAN, short latencies, expansion into mm-Wave, and massive MIMO. The envisioned systems likely reach the limits of Shannon's capacity and will exploit additional degrees of freedom. A group of experts has been invited to share their thoughts on key new technologies and their path to implementation.


The coastal waters of the Kepenghuluan Serusa village was inhabit by numerous fish species. Information about it, however, is almost none. To understand the type of fish present in that area, a study has been conducted from March to April 2015. The purpose of this research is to identify the fish species caught by fishermen in the Kepenghuluan Serusa village. Samplings were done four times, once a week, using scraping nets (mesh size 1-2 cm) and gillnet (mesh size 1,5-2 inch). The fish sampled were then identified based on Saanin (1968), Kottelat et al, (1993) and Matsuura et al,(2011). Results shown that there were 787 fishes captured, consist of 20 fish species and they were belonged to 17 genera, 15 families and 8 order. They were Congresox talabon, Setipinna taty, Stolephorus baganensis, Hemipimelodus borneesis, Harpadon nehereus, Hemirhamphus far, Strongylura strongylura, Terapon theraps, Johnius coitor, Panna microdon, Liza parmata, Liza tade, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Taenioides anguillaris, Trichiurus savala, Cynoglossus cynoglossus, Cynoglossus lingua, Cynoglossus microlepis, Zebrias zebra and Gastrophysus oblongus. The most common species was Eleutheronema tetradactylum (211 fishes) and Panna microdon (132) and Stolephorus baganensis (124). Keyword: Fish identification, Coastal waters, Serusa.


In the mid sixties the federal government of the United States launched a massive aid-to-education effort. President Johnson wished to be known as the "education" president. Much of the money was directed toward helping economically disadvantaged students. Along with the increased funding and the new programs came a concern about how the money was spentaccountability. Evaluation of social programs became mandatory, The evaluation policy developed by the federal government reflected a particular ideology. It reflected the belief of systems analysts and economists that evaluation should be used primarily to detect the most efficient programs. This concern for efficiency led to evaluations that could find no differences between the new programs and those already existing in the public schools. The result has been that educational funds have been constrained at the federal level for lack of visible results and education has been


This work aims at proposing a transfer learning (TL)-based framework to enhance system scalability of fingerprint-based indoor localization by reducing offline training overhead without jeopardizing the localization accuracy. The basic principle is to reshape data distributions in the target domain based on the transferred knowledge from the source domains, so that those data belonging to the same cluster will be logically closer to each other, whereas others will be further apart from each other. Specifically, the TL-based framework consists of two parts, metric learning and metric transfer, which are used to learn the distance metrics from source domains and identify the most suitable metric for the target domain, respectively. Furthermore, this work implements a prototype of the fingerprint-based indoor localization system with the proposed TL-based framework embedded. Finally, extensive real-world experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and the generality of the TL-based framework.


This article describes a method for structuring and developing training programs based on educational robotics. The method can be applied in short-term programs, such as workshops, as well as in longer-term courses. We also present a mini-course structured according to the method, proposed and applied in form of a workshop to students and teachers of public secondary schools. The use of educational robotics to stimulate student learning in public schools is a reality in several developed countries of the world. In the Brazilian context, the main motivation underlying this project is the shortage of laboratories and materials for the development of experimental activities, observed in public schools. Thus, the development of the course allows not only students, but also their teachers, a contact with technological innovations, in particular in the field of educational robotics. The developed mini-course covers the topics and concepts of electronics and programming based on the Arduino platform, aiming to present the main resources available in this platform to propose and develop robotic-based educational activities. The course presupposes an active attitude of the students, who are instigated to "get hands dirty", which also contributes to their formation, through the development of new skills and abilities.


Use of programme package ADAMS to simulate the sewing machine mechanisms is presented within this contribution. The simulation of needle bar mechanism was carried out. The influence of velocity changes of the main shaft on velocities and acceleration of sewing needle in the penetration area is described on the basis of simulation results. Achieved data could be used for calculation of needle penetration force. The influence of length modification of needle bar mechanism elements on sewing needle velocity and acceleration is also presented. This analysis could contribute to better understanding of sewing machine activity.


Solubilities are reported for three Co(III) complexes of 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol and 6-amino-2,4-dimethylphenol. Transfer chemical potentials have been derived from appropriate solubility measurements in aqueous methanol. The trends in transfer chemical potentials are discussed in terms of the nature of the coordinated ligands and are compared with those for selected of other inorganic Co(III) complex ions. The kinetics of base hydrolysis of Co(III) complexes in aqueous methanol solutions are described and the change in the activation barrier δmΔG≠ is determined. Solvent effects on reactivity trends are analysed into initial state and transition state components. The small decrease in the rate constant, with increasing proportion of methanol, is ascribed to a greater effect of solvent on the initial state.


High cycle fatigue (HCF) is a major concern for both military and commercial aircraft, as it is a leading cause of component or engine failure. Of the numerous techniques for HCF mitigation, over-design and constrainment layers are common; all resulting in added weight, increased operational costs, and lower performance. The use of the shape memory effect of shape memory alloys (SMA)(e.g. Nitinol) to allow variable stiffness of engine components is a novel approach to HCF mitigation. To quantify the effectiveness of Nitinol as a HCF mitigation technique, a composite beam consisting of an SMA actuator adhered to an Aluminum alloy substrate was designed. Analysis of preliminary designs with the use of finite element analysis software led to the selection of two final configurations: the first spanning the full beam (full sample) and the second spanning half the length of the beam (half sample). Complete modal analyses were taken over a selected frequency range using both single and scanning laser vibrometers. Experimental results showed that the actuation of the SMA patches led to a shift in modal frequency. Repeated tests on the half sample resulted in an mean increase in modal frequency, ranging from 3.77Hz (1.84%) at second bending to 36.8Hz (1.90%) at fifth bending during heating. Repeated tests on the full sample resulted in an mean increase in modal frequency, ranging from 9.43Hz


The infrared spectra of HOF and DOF in the gas phase have been studied. From the analysis of rotational subbands, the fundamental frequencies are determined to be 3578.5, 1354.8, and 889.0 cm−1 for HOF; and 2643.5, 1003.9, and 891.1 for DOF. The respective values of the constants (A″ − B″) and B″ are 18.37 and 0.86 cm−1 for HOF, and 9.79 and 0.81 cm−1 for DOF.


Background subtraction is a crucial step in many automatic video content analysis applications. While numerous acceptable techniques have been proposed so far for background extraction, there is still a need to produce more efficient algorithms in terms of adaptability to multiple environments, noise resilience, and computation efficiency. In this paper, we present a powerful method for background extraction that improves in accuracy and reduces the computational load. The main innovation concerns the use of a random policy to select values to build a samples-based estimation of the background. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a random aggregation is used in the field of background extraction. In addition we propose a novel policy that propagates information between neighboring pixels of an image. Experiment detailed in this paper show how our method improves on other widely used techniques, and how it outperforms these techniques for noisy images.


Objective: To study the preventive effects of Haobie Yangyin Ruajian prescription(HBYYRJ) on rat hepatic fibrosis induced in rats by CCl4 and explore the effective mechanisms.Method: Rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: normal control group,model group,high,middle and low dose of HBYYRJ groups(8.20,2.59,0.82 g.kg-1),compound Biejia Ruangan table group(0.54 g.kg-1),colchicin group(1 ×10-4 g.kg-1).First CCl4 5 mL.kg-1 was given by sc,40% CCl4-peanut oil 3 mL.kg-1 was given by sc every three days from the second time to the twelfth time;30% alcohol(1 mL) was ig given to model group and therapeutic groups every other day,drugs were given to the rats in therapeutic groups for six consecutive weeks,distilled water was given to the rats of normal and model groups.Histological observation of the liver tissue and collagen content were carried out.Blood serum was used for measuring the contents of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin(LN),type III procollagen(PCIII),type IV collagen(IVC),albumin(ALB).The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was detected by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry.The content of hydroxyproline,collagen and albumin were detected in liver tissue.Result: The degeneration and necrosis,inflammatory cell infiltration,false lobular formation,and a large number of collagen fiber depositions were observed in liver tissue of the model group.The level of chronic hepatic damage was improved greatly and none of the false lobular was formed in the high dose of HBYYRJ.The contents of ALT,AST,HA and PCIII of the model group were significantly higher than that in normal group(P 0.01,P 0.05).The content of ALT,AST,HA and PCIII of HBYYRJ groups was significantly lower than that in model group(P 0.05).The content of MDA and collagen in liver tissue of HBYYRJ groups was lower than that in model group(P 0.01).The content of ALB of the high dose of HBYYRJ was significantly higher than that in model group(P 0.01).Conclusion: HBYYRJ has preventive effects on hepatic fibrosis in rats induced by CCl4.The mechanism might be associated with anti-lipid peroxidation,antiinflammation and restraining the compose of collagen protein.